Fo

r M
ot
or
ol
a
So
lu
tio
ns
Tr
Features and Functions

ai
ni
ng
U
se
O
nl
y
1
Module Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

y
nl
O
• Distinguish between the different types of:

se
– Voice Services.

U
ng
– Data Services.

ni
ai
– Basic Supplementary Services.

Tr
– Dispatch Console features.

n s
io
• Describe the following features and their purpose:

t
lu
– TETRA Air Interface Encryption and Authentication.
So

– End-to-End Encryption.
a
ol
or

– Network Security.
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 2

Provided Services

• Voice services

y
nl
O
• Data services

se
• Supplementary services

U
ng
• Dispatch Console

ni
ai
Tr
n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 3

Voice Services
DIMETRA X Core Voice

y
Services

nl
O
se
“ONE-TO-MANY” “ONE-TO-ONE”

U
Individual-Based

ng
Group-Based Calls
• Group Calls Calls

ni
• Announcement Calls

ai
• Emergency Calls

Tr
Telephone

s
Private

n
Calls Interconnect

io
Calls

t
lu
So
a

TG 1
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 4

Group Calls: Talkgroup Calls

y
nl
O
Talkgroup 1 Talkgroup 2 Talkgroup 3

se
U
ng
ni
ai
Tr
• Allows radio or dispatch console to establish one to many call within a talkgroup.

n s
io
• A subscriber user must be affiliated to a particular talkgroup.

t
• Talkgroup call are semi-duplex. lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
rM
Fo

Features and Functions 5

Group Calls: Multigroup Call

y
Talkgroup 1

nl
O
se
U
ng
Multigroup 1

ni
ai
Talkgroup 2

Tr
n s
Talkgroup 3

t io
lu
So
• Several talkgroups can be combined to form a multigroup.
a
ol

• A Multigroup Call provides simultaneous communication with multiple talkgroups.

or

• A Multigroup Call uses the Group Call service.

ot
M

• Each talkgroup can be associated with one (and only one) multigroup.
r
Fo

Features and Functions 6

Group Mode Operations

• Group mode can operate either in Trunked TMO Users

y
nl
Mode Operation (TMO) or Direct Mode

O
Operation (DMO).

se
U
• In TMO the TETRA Radio uses the

ng
infrastructure services within system

ni
coverage.

ai
Tr
• In DMO the TETRA Radio can be used

s
without the need for infrastructure services.

n
io
DMO Users
t
lu
So
a

X
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 7

Direct Mode Operation (DMO) Gateway

y
• DMO TETRA Radios must be within the appropriate

nl
radio range for calls to be successful.

O
se
• Specific talkgroups are configured to talk to the

U
DMO Gateway. DMO Gateway

ng
• Available in DMO mode:

ni
– DMO Group calls

ai
– DMO Private call (H/D)

Tr
– DMO Emergency call (No Alarm)

n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 8

Emergency Call

• An Emergency call is a special

y
nl
Highest Priority level Talkgroup or

O
Multigroup Call.

se
U
• The Emergency call can be started

ng
automatically by pressing the

ni
Emergency button.

ai
Tr
• If the “HOT MIC” feature is configured,

s
there is no need to press the PTT

n
io
button.

t
lu
• If a Traffic Channel is not available at
So
the site(s), a call in progress with the
a

lowest priority will be ruthlessly pre-

ol
or

empted to service the emergency call.

ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 9

Private Call (Semi-Duplex or Full Duplex)

• This service allows radios and consoles to

y
nl
initiate and receive semi-duplex or full-duplex

O
individual calls.

se
U
• This is one to one communication with only

ng
two parties involved in a call which is also

ni
known as ‘Private Call’.

ai
Tr
• The full-duplex/half-duplex individual call

s
service support communications between:

n
io
– Radio to Radio
t
lu
So
– Console to Radio
a

– Console to Console
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 10

Telephone Interconnect Call

• This feature provides full duplex

y
nl
telephone interconnect call service

O
between radio or console to PABX

se
or PSTN users.

U
ng
• Similarly, PABX and PSTN users

ni
can also initiate a telephone

ai
interconnect call to radio or console

Tr
users.

n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 11

Data Services

y
nl
O
Emergency DIMETRA X Core

se
Alarms Data Services

U
ng
ATS

ni
Short Data

ai
Messages

Tr
Status

n s
Messages

io
- Store and Forward

t
TG 1
lu - Prevent Store and Forward
So
- Broadcast SDS via
broadcast region ATS
a
ol

Packet Data
TG 1
or

Services
ot
M

ATS
r
Fo

ALL

Features and Functions 12

 Emergency Alarm

y
nl
O
se
U
ng
ni
ai
Press the

Tr
Emergency Button

s
in Critical

n
INFRASTRUCTURE

io
Situations.

t
lu
So
a
ol

UNIT 5
or
ot
r M
Fo

DISPATCHER

Features and Functions 13

 Short Data
Short Data Service Router

• Short Data additional features:

y
nl
– Long text message (up to 1000

O
se
characters) SDTS Client 1 SDTS Client 2
– ATS Application – ATS Application

U
– Broadcast SDS via SDTS

ng
broadcast region DIMETRA Cluster

ni
Transport
– Store and Forward

ai
Network

Tr
– Prevent Store and Forward

s
– Point to Multipoint SDS

n
io
(Radio-to-Group)

t
ISSI=152001 GSSI=116003
– Short Data Billing lu
So
– End-to-End Encrypted SDS
a
ol

Site 3
– GNSS over SDTS Site 1
or

GSSI=116001
– Short Data in Local Site Trunking
ot
M

– Alphanumeric Text Service

r
Fo

– SDR logging API Site 2

Features and Functions 14

SDR Capacity Notification

• “Additional SDR Capacity License” increases

y
nl
SDR Utilization
the Short Data Router (SDR) message rate

O
above the basic capacity

se
U
• Ability to monitor the Short Data Service

ng
(SDS) message rate per Short Data Router Alarm

ni
(SDR) threshold

ai
level

Tr
Deviation

s
threshold

n
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 15

Store and Forward

• Ability to store short text messages if

y
Originator Target

nl
radio user is unable to receive

O
SDS message

se
• Ability to forward stored message once

U
a radio becomes reachable Reachable

ng
• Configurable storage time

ni
ai
• Stored or Delivered message status

Tr
Short Data
Router (SDR)

n s
Originator Target

t io
lu SDS message
SDS message
So
a

Stored
ol

Unreachable
or

Reachable
ot

Delivered
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 16

Prevent Store and Forward
Originator Target
• Operator can prevent the Store and

y
nl
Not Stored
Forward Service (SFS) of specific SDS

O
message types. Blocked PID message

se
U
• Each Short Data Router (SDR) is Unreachable

ng
configured in Network Management (NM)

ni
with a list of blocked Protocol Identifiers

ai
(PIDs).

Tr
Short Data
Router (SDR)
• Blocked PID message will be sent to the

n s
Originator Target

io
recipient once.

t
lu SDS message
So
Blocked PID message
a
ol

Reachable
or
ot

Delivere
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 17

Packet Data Service

y
nl
O
se
CEN

U
ng
DIMETRA X Core Packet Data
Core Terminal

ni
ai
Tr
Databases Enquires Reports Images

n s
io
• Packet Data benefits:

t
lu
– Intranet Access and Database Inquiries
So
– Bringing critical information to the point of decision
a

– Immediate access to data records

ol
or

– Quicker on site decisions

ot

– Improved efficiency
M

– Providing more accurate and timely information

r
Fo

– End-to-End Encrypted Packet Data Services

Features and Functions 18

TETRA Enhanced Data Services (TEDS)

• The TETRA Enhanced Data Services (TEDS) feature on a DIMETRA X Core

y
nl
system requires a separate NM license.

O
se
• TEDS is an extension of the current packet data solution in the DIMETRA system

U
that offers higher data transmission speed.

ng
– Use of the 4-QAM, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulations and ability to choose

ni
ai
the most appropriate modulation for the current signal propagation

Tr
environment.

n s
– Support both 25kHz and 50 kHz carrier frequency bandwidth.

t io
– TEDS is an extension of the current packet data solution and will therefore
lu
So
support all the features of the current packet data solution (for example Multi-
slot packet data, sending short-data messages on PDCH/TEDS channels).
a
ol

– Supports Air Interface Encryption.

or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 19

Local Site Trunking – Feature Availability

• Services available for the radio

y
nl
when the BTS is in Local Site

O
Trunking Mode:

se
U
– Site Registration

ng
– Talk Group Affiliations

ni
ai
– Group Call

Tr
s
– Emergency Call

n
io
– Short Data Services (within
t
local site) lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 20

 Check your Understanding

y
The DIMETRA X Core system supports Full-Duplex but which types of calls does it

nl
apply to?

O
se
U
Private Calls

ng
ni
ai
Group Calls

Tr
n s
io
Telephone Interconnect Calls
t
lu
So
a

Announcement Calls
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 21

 DIMETRA Supplementary Service
Supported Services Supplementary Services

y
• • Busy Override (All

nl
Dynamic Site Assignment
• Late Entry Start/Fast Start)

O
• Busy Queuing and Call Back • Pre-emption capabilities

se
• Queuing Priority • Site Wide Call
Supplementary Services supporting Group Calls
• • Priority Monitor

U
Recent User Priority
• Talking Party Identification • Requested Sites

ng
• Valid Site Operations • Message Trunking

ni
• Critical Sites Assignment

ai
• Object Call *

Tr
Supplementary Services supporting Group Calls
• Barring of incoming calls *
and Private calls
• Barring of outgoing calls *

n s
• Call Wait

io
Supplementary Services supporting Individual Calls
• Call Forward

t
(Private Call, Telephone Interconnect call)
lu
So
• Barring of outgoing telephone calls
Supplementary Service of the Telephone
• Barring of incoming telephone calls
Interconnect call service
a

• Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)

ol

Supplementary Service for TETRA Radio • Energy Economy Mode

or

• Call Out
ot

Supplementary Service for Data

M

Supplementary Service for Console • Control Room Head Number

r
Fo

Supplementary Service for Radio User • RUA/RUI *

• Supplementary services are optional and subject to license fees.

Features and Functions 22

Object Call

y
nl
O
• Allows radio users to communicate with a talkgroup

se
which is not permanently configured in the radio.

U
• An Object Group is a talkgroup which can be

ng
dynamically provisioned in the radio or it can be

ni
called from a radio even though it is not already

ai
Tr
provisioned.

s
• ”Object” = ”Prefix” + ”Subject” + ”Instance”

n
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
Mr
Fo

Features and Functions 23

Object Call

y
1. Dial prefix.

nl
O
Identifies permanent or temp. Object call.

se
2. Dial subject number.

U
ng
Identifies task code (flight number).

ni
ai
3. Dial instance number.

Tr
Identifies work team (baggage, catering,

n s
etc).

io
2 1115 02
t
4. Press Push-to-Talk to connect. lu
So
To join TG and/or provision task TG’s.
a
ol
or
ot
Mr
Fo

Features and Functions 24

Object Call

y
nl
TEAM Security Refuelling Service NUMBERING SCHEME

O
1 2 3

se
GATE
“Prefix-Gate-Team”

U
Prefix “1” for Joining a Team

ng
Gate Prefix “2” for Calling a Team
42

ni
Security Refuelling Service

ai
“0” or “00” for Gate/Team wildcard

Tr
“1-42-2”

s
Gate

n
43 JOIN REFUELLING TEAM ON

io
Security Refuelling Service
GATE 42

t
lu “2-00-1”
So
CALL SECURITY TEAMS ON ALL GATES
Gate
a

44 Security Refuelling Service “1-43-2”

ol

JOIN REFUELLING TEAM ON GATE 43

or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 25

 Barring of Incoming Calls (BIC)/Barring Outgoing Calls (BOC)

y
nl
O
BARRING OF INCOMING CALLS

se
FIRE TG

U
ng
UTILITY TG

ni
ai
FACTORY TG

Tr
n s
io
FIRE TG

t
lu
So
UTILITY TG
a
ol

FACTORY TG
or
ot
M

BARRING OF OUTGOING CALLS

r
Fo

Features and Functions 26

DIMETRA Mobility Services

Service Description

y
nl
O
Air to Ground Extended Range Extention of the existing 58 km cell limit

se
to 83 km

U
Agency Priority Matrix Ability to reserve RF resource on a per

ng
agency basis

ni
Highly Preferred Subscriber Class Enabling specific cells to be reserved for

ai
Tr
Air-to-Ground-to-Air (AGA) use

s
Valid Sites List of valid sites for a radio or a

n
io
talkgroup

t
Common Secondary Control Channel lu Extending the signaling capacity of
So
MCCH by using one or more additional
a

channels for the messages otherwise

ol

only sent on the MCCH

or
ot

Radio Cell Re-Selection The radio registering and affiliating in the

M

new site if its MCCH RSSI value is better

r
Fo

Cell Reselection – Type 2 Handover Improved handover times (i.e. 570-

590ms)
Features and Functions 27
DIMETRA Console Operator Features

Features

y
nl
Assignable Talkgroups Console Multiselect

O
Assignable Speakers and Audio Console Patch

se
Summing

U
ng
Repeat disable Conventional channel Patch

ni
Trunking System Status Console Acoustic Cross-Mute

ai
Tr
Console Priority Ambience Listening

s
Status Message Display Call Take

n
io
All Mute Call Hold
t
lu
So
Instant Transmit Call Transfer
a

Safety switch Console Telephone Interconnect

ol
or

Intelligent Call Indicator Selectable Half Duplex Individual Call

ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 28

Console Call Logging Features

y
nl
O
se
Voice Logging Subsystem Replay Subsystem

U
ng
ni
ai
Tr
Logging Recorder Replay Station DIMETRA
Administrator

s
Zone Core

n
io
Tags individuals

t
and talkgroups
for Voice Logging lu
So
Monitored calls
Configuration instructions
a

Configuration data according

ol

Primary
to security partitioning Core
or

AIS Server
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 29

DIMETRA Discreet Listening Features

y
nl
O
se
Discreet Listening
Subsystem

U
ng
ni
ai
Tr
Discreet Listening PC Recording DIMETRA
Device

s
Call Zone Core

n
Tags Logging

io
individuals

t
for Discreet
Listening lu
So
Monitored calls
Configuration instructions
a

Configuration data according

ol

Primary
to security partitioning Core
or

AIS Server
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 30

DIMETRA Base Station Features

Features Description

y
nl
O
Local Site Trunking (LST) RF sites operating independently when
needed

se
U
MCCH Backup Duplicated Main Control Channel

ng
Common Secondary Control Channel Expansion of CCH by changing the use

ni
of a channel from voice or data to

ai
Tr
control information

s
Control Channel Capacity Threshold Adjustable utilization threshold, when

n
io
exceeded an UEM alarm is generated

t
Non-GPS Synchronised BTS lu Fully functioning network in case of non-
So
GPS service
a

MCCH and TCH Interference Detection Removing BR affected with interference

ol
or

Redundant BR Protection against the loss of a BR

ot
M

Dual TSC Duplicated TETRA Site Controller

r
Fo

Energy Economy Mode Saving energy by not having to listen to

every MCCH dowlink slot

Features and Functions 31

Check your Understanding

y
Match the service to its associated description. Which of the items from the first

nl
column is a Data Service?

O
se
A) Dynamic Site Assignment ___ Is sent from a radio to a dispatch

U
console over the Main Control

ng
B) All Start Channel.

ni
ai
Tr
C) Fast Start ___ Traffic Channels are only
assigned at sites where one or more

n s
D) Status Message group members are registered.

t io
lu
So
___ A Talkgroup Call is set up with
any available sites. Other sites are
a
ol

added to the call when available.

or
ot

___ System waits for all necessary

M

resources before starting the call.

r
Fo

Features and Functions 32

DIMETRA Information Assurance Features

y
Features Description

nl
O
Authentication Verification of a radio accessing the

se
system via Challenge-response-result

U
protocol

ng
Air Interface Encryption (AIE) Traffic encryption with common

ni
encryption key in both an infrastructure

ai
base station and a radio

Tr
s
End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) Transferring messages in an encrypted

n
form to prevent intrusion of third parties

tio
RSA AM lu Providing the Two-Factor Token based
So
Authentication
a

Restricted Login Independent login required to access

ol
or

routers and switches via Telnet

ot
Mr
Fo

Features and Functions 33

Authentication

• Verifies the validity of a radio.

y
nl
O
1. Infrastructure challenges the

se
radio.

U
2. The radio calculates and sends

ng
a response.

ni
Challenge

ai
Response
3. If the response from the radio

Tr
Result
equals the expected response

n s
by the infrastructure, then the

io
infrastructure grants access to
t
the system. lu
So

4. If the response is not correct,

a
ol

then the infrastructure rejects

or

access to the system.

ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 34

Encryption Concepts

y
nl
O
Sender Recipient

se
U
ng
Key Key

ni
ai
Tr
n s
io
Plain Text Algorithm Cryptogram Algorithm Plain Text

t
lu
So
a
ol
or

Sender Algorithm = Recipient Algorithm

ot
M

Sender Key = Recipient Key

r
Fo

Features and Functions 35

Air Interface Encryption (AIE)

• Air Interface Encryption (AIE) of user and signalling data between the radio and

y
nl
the base stations, which is fully compliant with ETSI standards. This traffic is then

O
sent in clear across the fixed infrastructure.

se
U
– Supports TEA1, TEA2, and TEA3 algorithms.

ng
– Supports Dynamic Encryption or Security Class-3.

ni
ai
– Supports Security Class-3.

Tr
s
– Supports Static Encryption or Security Class-2.

n
t io
lu
So
a
ol

SwMI
or
ot
rM
Fo

Features and Functions 36

End-to-End Encryption

• End-to-End (E2E) Encryption of user data between two radios, where the

y
nl
standard allows more customization by the user (E2EE can also occur between a

O
radio and a dispatcher).

se
U
• Provides “unbroken” encrypted path between Sender and Recipient.

ng
– Encrypted voice and/or data traffic is transparent for DIMETRA Infrastructure.

ni
ai
– The feature can co-exist with the TETRA AIE.

Tr
n s
io
t
lu
So
SwMI
a
ol
or
ot

Crypto Module Crypto Module

rM
Fo

Features and Functions 37

What is IT Security?

• Network security encompasses measures to prevent, detect, and respond to

y
nl
electronic attacks on hardware, software, and associated interfaces of the

O
system.

se
U
• Vulnerabilities include:

ng
– Unauthorized computer access

ni
ai
– Existing security vulnerabilities in public protocols and commercial systems

Tr
s
– Multiple external interfaces shared by multiple end-user organizations and

n
io
connected to multiple end-user networks

t
lu
– Large operations and maintenance staff with access to equipment and
So
software
a
ol

– Shared networks with external connectivity

or
ot

– Unhardened OS
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 38

What is Computer Security?

• Description:

y
nl
O
– A system or network is said to be secured if you can trust the data accuracy

se
and confidentiality, and the system behaves as you expect.

U
• Why NOT go all-out for total security?

ng
ni
– Generally, it is too expensive.

ai
Tr
– It may appear not to be the best answer.

n s
– It needs to become an unattractive target.

t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
Mr
Fo

Features and Functions 39

What are we protecting and against who?

y
We are protecting: Against:

nl
O
se
Database Information Accuracy Insiders – passing the first barrier

U
ng
ni
Stored Database Information Contractors – similar to insiders

ai
Tr
System Privacy

s
‘Hackers’ – ‘Script Kiddiez’ attacking

n
io
software from the Internet, ‘Smart

t
Information Value lu Hackers’ understanding how protocols
So
layers and systems work
a

Corporate Rider – hackers with more

ol

Access to Internal Service

or

resources
ot
M

Access to External Service Criminal Intruders – hackers with a

r

specific reason
Fo

Features and Functions 40

Network Information Assurance Features

y
nl
O
Features Description

se
OS Hardening Strengthening devices against attacks

U
ESET AntiVirus AntiVirus residing on CSMS

ng
ni
Firewalls Bariers between DCS and CEN

ai
Network Authentication Control over clients accessing system

Tr
s
CENIB A barier between CEN and RNI

n
io
Monitoring from Customer Enterprise Monitoring security related alarms from

t
Network (CEN) lu CEN
So
IPSEC ESL Link Encryption Encryption of Ethernet Site Links
a
ol
or
ot
M
r
Fo

Features and Functions 41

Check your Understanding

y
Match the term to its associated description:

nl
O
se
A) Authentication ___ Creates Authentication and AIE

U
keys.

ng
B) Air Interface Encryption

ni
___ Message encrypted and

ai
Tr
C) AIE Provisioning decrypted by radio.

n s
D) E2E Encryption ___ Uses a common encryption key

t io
in the infrastructure and radio so
lu
So
messages can be encrypted and
decrypted.
a
ol
or

___ Verifies that a radio entering the

ot

system is valid.
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 42

 Fo
r M
ot
or
ol
Module Review

a
So
lu
tio
ns
Tr
ai
ni
ng
U
se
O
nl
y
43
 Review Question 1

y
The Status Message is a feature of which service?

nl
O
se
U
Voice

ng
ni
ai
Data

Tr
n s
io
Supplementary
t
lu
So
a

Network Security
ol
or
ot
M

Console Management
r
Fo

Features and Functions 44

 Review Question 2

y
Dynamic Site Assignment is a feature of which service?

nl
O
se
U
Voice

ng
ni
ai
Data

Tr
n s
io
Supplementary
t
lu
So
a

Network Security
ol
or
ot
M

Console Management
r
Fo

Features and Functions 45

 Review Question 3

y
Group, announcement, emergency, and packet data calls are all voice service

nl
features.

O
se
U
True

ng
ni
ai
False

Tr
n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 46

 Review Question 4

y
Air Interface Encryption relies on the infrastructure and radio to encrypt and decrypt

nl
messages whereas End-to-End Encryption relies solely on radios equipped with

O
crypto modules.

se
U
True

ng
ni
ai
False

Tr
n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
r M
Fo

Features and Functions 47

 Review Question 5

y
For Air Interface Encryption, both the radio and BTS need to use the same key

nl
materials.

O
se
U
True

ng
ni
ai
False

Tr
n s
t io
lu
So
a
ol
or
ot
rM
Fo

Features and Functions 48

 Review Question 6

y
Which existing Encryption Algorithm cannot be used outside Europe?

nl
O
se
U
TEA1

ng
ni
ai
TEA2

Tr
n s
io
TEA3
t
lu
So
a

TEA4
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Features and Functions 49

 Review Question 7

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What does the term hardening mean in Network Security?

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U
Traffic is restricted in and out of the RNI.

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Unused ports are closed and unused functions are switched off.

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Additional software is loaded onto devices to protect them from tampering.
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Additional hardware is installed to protect devices from tampering.

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Features and Functions 50

End of Module

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se
You should now be able to:​

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• Distinguish between the different types of:

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– Voice Services.

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s
– Data Services.

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– Basic Supplementary Services.
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– Dispatch Console features.
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• Describe the following features and their purpose:

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– TETRA Air Interface Encryption and Authentication.

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– End-to-End Encryption.
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– Network Security.

51