Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence: Home Law Firm Law Library Laws Jurisprudence
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence: Home Law Firm Law Library Laws Jurisprudence
FIRST DIVISION
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
DECISION
The Case
This is an appeal from the November 27, 2009 Decision 1 of the cralaw
The Facts
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
Moments later, they saw Estose on his way to his own coconut
drier. When Estose passed by Rustica Dolorido's coconut drier,
they saw Dolorido suddenly hack Estose twice, resulting in
wounds on his arms. When Estose tried to retreat, he fell down
and it was then that Dolorido stabbed him on the left portion of
his chest, which caused his death. Dolorido suddenly left the
place.
they were near, they saw Estose was already dead. 6 They then cralaw
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
+nd law cases Dolorido's defense, on the other hand, consisted of the story of
self-defense:
civil cases
chanrob1esvirtwallawlibrary
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
Petitioner, v. xxx
COMMISSIONER OF
INTERNAL REVENUE, SO ORDERED. 9 cralawredlaw
Respondent.
On November 27, 2009, the CA affirmed in toto the judgment of
the RTC. 10
G.R. No. 176339 :
cralawredlaw
SECURITY BANK CORP., The court a quo gravely erred in not appreciating
TITOLAIDO E. self-defense interposed by accused.
PAYONGAYONG,
EVYLENE C. SISON, II.
PHIL. INDUSTRIAL
The court a quo gravely erred in convicting the
SECURITY AGENCY
accused-appellant of murder despite the failure of
CORP. and GIL SILOS,
the prosecution to prove the elements of treachery.
Respondents.
III.
G.R. No. 188792 :
The court a quo gravely erred in awarding damages
January 10, 2011
despite failure of the prosecution to present
SPOUSES GEORGE R.
evidence to support their claim.
TAN and SUSAN L. TAN,
Petitioners, v. BANCO DE The Court's Ruling
ORO UNIBANK, INC.,
The appeal has no merit.
Respondent. G.R. Nos.
190677-78 : January 10, Self-defense is absent
2011 GEORGE R. TAN
and SUSAN L. TAN, In his Brief, accused-appellant argues that the trial court failed
ORO UNIVERSAL BANK, of the victim. He contends that he only acted in self-defense,
Respondent. G.R. Nos. and this is the reason why he voluntarily surrendered to the
TAN and SUSAN L. TAN, following essential elements must be proved: (1) unlawful
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
ELENITA C. FAJARDO,
Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF A person who invokes self-defense has the burden of proof of
THE PHILIPPINES, proving all the elements. 12 cralaw However, the most important
Respondent.
among all the elements is the element of unlawful aggression.
Unlawful aggression must be proved first in order for self-
G.R. No. 180452 : defense to be successfully pleaded, whether complete or
January 10, 2011
incomplete. As this Court said in People v. Catbagan, 13 "There cralaw
PEOPLE OF THE
can be no self-defense, whether complete or incomplete, unless
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-
the victim had committed unlawful aggression against the
Appellee, v. Ng Yik Bun,
person who resorted to self-defense."
Kwok Wai Cheng, Chang
chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Petitioners, v. JOSE
MARQUES and MAXILITE Unlawful aggression is an actual physical assault, or at least a
TECHNOLOGIES, INC., threat to inflict real imminent injury, upon a person. 15 In case cralaw
Respondents.
of threat, it must be offensive and strong, positively showing
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
Petitioner, v. JOHN VELEZ the one attacked faces real and immediate threat to one's
Respondents.
Moreover, against the positive declarations of the prosecution
witnesses who testified that accused-appellant hacked Estose
A.M. No. RTJ-09-2188
twice and subsequently stabbed him without any provocation,
(Formerly A.M. OCA-IPI
accused-appellant's self-serving and uncorroborated assertion
No. 08-2995-RTJ) :
deserves scant consideration.
January 10, 2011
PROSECUTOR HILARIO Indeed, it is a well-settled rule that "a plea of self-defense
RONSON H. TILAN, cannot be justifiably entertained where it is not only
Complainant, v. JUDGE uncorroborated by any separate competent evidence but is also
ESTER PISCOSO-FLOR,
extremely doubtful in itself." 19 cralaw Moreover, "[a]bsent any
RTC, BRANCH 34,
showing that the prosecution witnesses were moved by
BANAUE, IFUGAO,
improper motive to testify against the appellant, their
Respondent.
testimonies are entitled to full faith and credit." 20 cralawredlaw
January 10, 2011 argues that it was impossible for the two prosecution witnesses
SPOUSES ISAGANI and to see the inception and the actual attack of accused-appellant
DIOSDADA CASTRO, to the victim because both were busy gathering coconuts. Also,
Petitioners, v. SPOUSES they were 50 meters away from where the actual stabbing
REGINO SE and VIOLETA occurred, in rolling hills with tall and short shrubs between the
DELA CRUZ, SPOUSES witnesses and the place where the actual stabbing occurred.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
G.R. No. 188314 : tend directly and specially to insure its execution, without risk
January 10, 2011 to the offender arising from the defense which the offended
PEOPLE OF THE party might make. In order for treachery to be properly
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff- appreciated, two elements must be present: (1) at the time of
Appellee, v. KHADDAFY the attack, the victim was not in a position to defend himself;
JANJALANI, GAMAL B. and (2) the accused consciously and deliberately adopted the
BAHARAN a.k.a. Tapay, particular means, methods or forms of attack employed by
ANGELO TRINIDAD a.k.a. him. 21 cralaw The "essence of treachery is the sudden and
Abu Khalil, GAPPAL
unexpected attack by an aggressor on the unsuspecting victim,
BANNAH ASALI a.k.a.
depriving the latter of any chance to defend himself and
Maidan or Negro, JAINAL
thereby ensuring its commission without risk of himself." 22
SALI a.k.a. Abu
cralawredlaw
Solaiman, ROHMAT
In the case at bar, it was clearly shown that Estose was
ABDURROHIM a.k.a. deprived of any means to ward off the sudden and unexpected
Jackie or Zaky, and other attack by accused-appellant. The evidence showed that
JOHN and JANE DOES, accused-appellant hid behind a coconut tree and when Estose
Accused, GAMAL B. passed by the tree, completely unaware of any danger,
BAHARAN a.k.a. Tapay, accused-appellant immediately hacked him with a bolo. Estose
ANGELO TRINIDAD a.k.a. could only attempt to parry the blows with his bare hands and
Abu Khalil, and ROHMAT
as a result, he got wounded. Furthermore, when Estose tried to
ABDURROHIM a.k.a. Abu
retreat, stumbling in the process, accused-appellant even took
Jackie or Zaky, Accused- advantage of this and stabbed him resulting in his death.
Appellants. Evidently, the means employed by accused-appellant assured
himself of no risk at all arising from the defense which the
G.R. No. 178895 : deceased might make. What is decisive is that the attack was
January 10, 2011 executed in a manner that the victim was rendered defenseless
REPUBLIC OF THE
and unable to retaliate. 23 Without a doubt, treachery attended
cralaw
PHILIPPINES,
the killing.
represented by the
DEPARTMENT OF Thus, this Court finds no reason to disturb the findings of the
AGRARIAN REFORM, trial court when it gave credence to the testimony of the
through the HON. prosecution witnesses. It is well-entrenched in our
SECRETARY NASSER C. jurisprudence "x x x that the assessment of the credibility of
PANGANDAMAN, witnesses and their testimonies is a matter best undertaken by
Petitioner, v. SALVADOR the trial court because of its unique opportunity to observe the
N. LOPEZ AGRI- witnesses first hand and note their demeanor, conduct and
BUSINESS CORP.,
attitude under grilling examination." 24 This rule is even more
cralaw
represented by
SALVADOR N. LOPEZ, binding and conclusive when affirmed by the appellate court. 25 cralawredlaw
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
JR., President and In conclusion, all the elements of the crime of murder, as
General Manager, defined in paragraph 1 of Art. 248 of the RPC, were successfully
Respondent. G.R. No. proved: (1) that a person was killed; (2) that the accused killed
179071 : January 10, that person; (3) that the killing was attended by treachery; and
2011 SALVADOR N. (4) that the killing is not infanticide or parricide. 26 cralawredlaw
LOPEZ AGRI-BUSINESS
CORP., represented by Verily, in criminal cases such as the one on hand, the
SALVADOR N. LOPEZ, prosecution is not required to show the guilt of the accused with
JR., President and absolute certainty. Only moral certainty is demanded, or that
General Manager, degree of proof which, to an unprejudiced mind, produces
Petitioner, v. conviction. 27 We find that the prosecution has discharged its
cralaw
This Court has held in People v. Beltran, Jr. that "[w]hen death
G.R. No. 179446 :
occurs due to a crime, the following damages may be awarded:
January 10, 2011
(1) civil indemnity ex delicto for the death of the victim; (2)
LOADMASTERS
actual or compensatory damages; (3) moral damages; (4)
CUSTOMS SERVICES,
exemplary damages; and (5) temperate damages." 28
INC., Petitioner, v.
cralawredlaw
GLODEL BROKERAGE
Hence, in line with our ruling in People v. Sanchez, 29 when
CORPORATION AND R&B
cralaw
Petitioner, v. ANGELES the trial court of PhP 25, 000 for temperate damages.
CATHERINE ENRIQUEZ,
Finally, interest at the rate of six (6) percent should likewise be
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GRAMATICA, MIEL
1 Rollo , pp. 3-18. Penned by Associate Justice
CERVANTES, TERESITA
cralaw
G. Andal.
SALCEDO, CRISTINA
GARCIA, MARIO 3 Records, p. 3.
cralaw
NAZARENO, DINDO
TORRES, ESMAEL 4 TSN, February 22, 2007, p. 5.
cralaw
RAMBOYONG, ROBETO*
MANO, ROGELIO 5 Records, p. 39.
cralaw
BAGAWISAN, ARIEL
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
VILLAREAL, NELSON
MONTERO, GLORIA 7 Id. at 15.
cralaw
RONALD GARCITA,
9 CA rollo, p. 40.
Respondents. cralaw
10 Rollo , p. 18.
G.R. No. 172508 : cralaw
DIVINAGRACIA, 2001, 350 SCRA 650, 657; People v. Plazo, G.R. No.
Petitioner, v. HON. J. 120547, January 29, 2001, 350 SCRA 433, 442-443.
CEDRICK O. RUIZ,
12 People v. Almazan , G.R. Nos. 138943-44,
Presiding Judge, Branch
cralaw
39, Regional Trial Court, September 17, 2001, 365 SCRA 373, 382.
FLORETE, SR.,
22, 2001, 352 SCRA 573, 583.
Respondents
HERITAGE HOTEL
10, 2003, 410 SCRA 463, 478.
MANILA, acting through
its owner, GRAND PLAZA 18 Id. cralaw
HOTEL CORPORATION,
Petitioner, v. NATIONAL 19 People v. Aburque , G.R. No. 181085, October
cralaw
UNION OF WORKERS IN
23, 2009, 604 SCRA 384, 394; citing Del Rosario v.
THE HOTEL,
People, G.R. No. 141749, April 17, 2001, 356 SCRA
RESTAURANT AND
627, 634.
ALLIED INDUSTRIES-
HERITAGE HOTEL 20 People v. Aburque , id.
cralaw
MANILA SUPERVISORS
21 People v. Reyes , G.R. No. 118649, March 9,
CHAPTER (NUWHRAIN- cralaw
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PIONEER INSURANCE 15, 2001, 369 SCRA 47, 60. See also People v.
PEOPLE OF THE
20, 2009, 576 SCRA 840, 850.
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-
Appellee, v. FRANCISCO 27 Rules of Court, Rule 133, Sec. 2.
cralaw
MANLANGIT y
TRESBALLES, Accused- 28 cralaw G.R. No. 168051, September 27, 2006, 503
Appellant.
SCRA 715, 740.
G.R. No. 191721 : 29 cralaw G.R. No. 131116, August 27, 1999, 313 SCRA
January 12, 2011
254, 271-272.
PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff- 30 cralaw People v. Dacillo , G.R. No. 149368, April 14,
Appellee, v. ROGELIO 2004, 427 SCRA 528, 538.
DOLORIDO y ESTRADA,
Accused-Appellant. 31 People v. Surongon , G.R. No. 173478, July 12,
cralaw
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
ANTONIO M.
CARANDANG, Petitioner,
v. HONORABLE ANIANO
A. DESIERTO, OFFICE OF
THE OMBUDSMAN,
Respondent. G.R. No.
153161 : January 12,
2011 ANTONIO M.
CARANDANG, Petitioner,
v. SANDIGANBAYAN
(FIFTH DIVISION),
Respondent.
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CONCURRING
OPINION : SERENO, J. :
G.R. No. 176389 :
January 18, 2011
ANTONIO LEJANO,
Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF
THE PHILIPPINES,
Respondent. G.R. No.
176864 : January 18,
2011 PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Appellee,
v. HUBERT JEFFREY P.
WEBB, ANTONIO
LEJANO, MICHAEL A.
GATCHALIAN, HOSPICIO
FERNANDEZ, MIGUEL
RODRIGUEZ, PETER
ESTRADA and GERARDO
BIONG, Appellants.
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LEONARDO ALVARO,
ROMEO N. SUPAN,
VICTORINO C. SANTOS
OF THE DPWH
PAMPANGA 2ND
ENGINEERING DISTRICT,
Petitioners, v. ARNULFO
D. AQUINO ,
Respondent.
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JESS MANUEL,
Petitioners, v. IRENE R.
RANCHEZ, Respondent.
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MINDANAO STATION
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F. MARABLE,
RESPONDENT.
G. R. No. 177790 :
January 17, 2011
REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES,
PETITIONER, VS.
CARLOS R. VEGA,
MARCOS R. VEGA,
ROGELIO R. VEGA,
LUBIN R. VEGA, HEIRS
OF GLORIA R. VEGA,
NAMELY: FRACISCO L.
YAP, MA. WINONA Y.
RODRIGUEZ, MA.
WENDELYN V. YAP AND
FRANCISCO V. YAP, JR.,
RESPONDENTS, ROMEA
G. BUHAY-OCAMPO,
FRANCISCO G. BUHAY,
ARCELI G. BUHAY-
RODRIGUEZ, ORLANDO
G. BUHAY, SOLEDAD G.
BUHAY-VASQUEZ, LOIDA
G. BUHAY-SENADOSA,
FLORENDO G. BUHAY,
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I. ITURRALDE, MARTIN
GUMARANG, VIC
JUMALON, LEONARDO
LUCAS, WILFREDO
DEUS, CORAZON
AZARRAGA AND ALICE
BUENAFE, Complainants,
v. OIC BRANCH CLERK
OF COURT BABE SJ.
RAMIREZ, CLERK
VIOLETA P. FLORDELIZA
AND SHERIFF IV CARLOS
A. SALVADOR,
Respondents.
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of Accounts of the
Municipal Trial Court,
Pantabangan, Nueva
Ecija) : January 18,
2011] OFFICE OF THE
COURT ADMINISTRATOR,
Complainant, v.
MARISSA U.
ANGELES,CLERK OF
COURT II, MUNICIPAL
TRIAL COURT,
PANTABANGAN, NUEVA
ECIJA, Respondent [A.M.
NO. P-10-2880
(FORMERLY OCA IPI NO.
08-2782-P) : January 18,
2011] JUDGE ANALIE C.
ALDEA-AROCENA,
Complainant, v.
MARISSA U. ANGELES,
CLERK OF COURT II,
MUNICIPAL TRIAL
COURT, PANTABANGAN
NUEVA ECIJA,
Respondent.
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Complainant, v.
VICTORIO A. DION,
FORMER CLERK OF
COURT, MUNICIPAL
CIRCUIT TRIAL COURT,
SAN FABIAN-SAN
JACINTO, PANGASINAN,
Respondents
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
Petitioners, v. RICHARD
J. GORDON, Respondent.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
RED CROSS, Intervenor.
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CHRISTIAN MARCELO,
ROLANDO DAVID,
RICARDO BUCUD, PABLO
SANTOS, AGRIFINA
ENRIQUEZ, CONRADO
ESPELETA, CATGERUBE
CASTRO, CARLITO
MERCADO AND ALFREDO
SUAREZ, Respondents.
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PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-
Appellee, v. NELIDA
DEQUINA Y DIMAPANAN,
JOSELITO JUNDOC Y
JAPITANA & NORA
JINGABO Y CRUZ,
Accused-Appellants.
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BARANGAY DASMARIÑAS
THRU BARANGAY
CAPTAIN MA.
ENCARNACION R.
LEGASPI, Petitioner,
v.CREATIVE PLAY
CORNER SCHOOL, DR.
AMADO J. PIAMONTE,
REGINA PIAMONTE
TAMBUNTING, CELINE
CONCEPCION LEBRON
AND CECILE CUNA
COLINA, Respondents.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
GRACIANO D. CUANICO,
JR., REGIONAL TRIAL
COURT, CATARMAN,
NORTHERN SAMAR. A.M.
NO. P-11-2902
(FORMERLY OCA I.P.I.
NO. 08-2790-P)
VIRGILIO O. GALLANO,
COMPLAINANT, VS. ATTY.
GRACIANO D. CUANICO,
JR., CLERK OF COURT,
AND SONIA L. DY,
SOCIAL WELFARE
OFFICER II, BOTH FROM
THE OFFICE OF THE
CLERK OF COURT,
REGIONAL TRIAL
COURT,CATARMAN,
NORTHERN SAMAR,
RESPONDENTS.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
CORTEZ, ACCUSED-
APPELLANT.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
RESPONDENT.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
JOSEPHINE C. ANGSICO,
VIRGILIO V. DACALOS,
AND SANDIGANBAYAN,
FIRST DIVISION,
Respondents.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
RESPONDENT.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
PRESIDING JUDGE OF
BRANCH 17, REGIONAL
TRIAL COURT, MALOLOS,
BULACAN; AND THE
PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES,
RESPONDENTS.
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G.R. No. 191721 : January 12, 2011 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plai…ed-Appellant. : January 2011 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions 12/22/20, 3:20 PM
EVANGELINE SOBANGEE
Y EDAÑO, ACCUSED-
APPELLANT.
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