Best Practices of MRT Development
in Tokyo and Jakarta
Tomoyuki Kawabata
JICA Indonesia Office
5th November 2019, Jakarta
Main Themes of This Presentation
1. Importance of “Demand-wise” Transportation
Planning and Development
2. Importance of Integrational Development of
Railways and City
>> “TOD” (Transit Oriented Development)
3. Indonesia – Japan Cooperation and
Technological Transfer through MRT
Development
1. MRT Development in Tokyo
Population: 9.3 mil
13 MRTs (304km)
3 LRTs (2 AGT, 1 Tram) 2
1. MRT Development in Tokyo
Brief History of MRT/LRT Development in Tokyo
1903: The Tokyo Horse-drawn Railway changed its motive power to
electricity and, under the name Tokyo Electric Railway (or Tōden)
commenced operations between Shinagawa and Shinbashi.
1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. opened Japan's first
underground line of the subway Ginza Line on December 30, 1927.
between Ueno and Asakusa.
1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II,
opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed
Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened. (= Newest MRT)
2008: The Nippori-Toneri Liner, an automated guideway transit
(AGT) opened between Nippori and Minumadai-shinsuikōen.
(= Newest LRT) 3
1. MRT Development in Tokyo
Source: JUTPI2 4
How about Other Cities in Japan ?
Osaka Sapporo Sendai
Population: 2.0 mil Population: 1.1 mil
Population: 2.7 mil
3 MRTs (48km) 2 MRTs (29km)
8 MRTs (130km)
1 LRT (Tram)
1 LRT (AGT)
Note: JR Lines (ex-national rail) and private
railway companies lines are NOT included
in the figures.
5
How about Other Cities in Japan ?
Hiroshima Kumamoto Utsunomiya
Population: 0.5 mil
New LRT (Tram) with
Population: 0.7 mil 15km is under
2 LRTs (Tram) construction
Population: 1.2 mil (to be opened in 2022)
1 LRT (AGT)
(35km of private tram
network is in operation Note: JR Lines (ex-national rail) are NOT
since 1912) included in the figures.
6
Recommendation to BAPPENAS RPJMN 2020-2024
Source: RPJMN Background Study (2019) Mckinsey
7
Recommendation to BAPPENAS RPJMN 2020-2024
Source: RPJMN Background Study (2019) Mckinsey
8
How to Improve Current Practice in Indonesia ?
Transport demand Masterplan Scenario Decision Implementatio
modeling development evaluation making n
▪ Survey for data ▪ Create ▪ Create digital ▪ Decision on ▪ Clearing up
Best- collection masterplan model where which public roles
practice ▪ Creating identifying scenarios can transportation responsibi-
potential different be tested and to develop lities, human
demand for transportation altered for (i.e., MRT, resource
current and modes for future LRT, BRT, capabilities,
future use different scenario tram) and project
corridor management
Focus group Decision Scenario Implementatio Masterplan
Current discussion making evaluation n development
practice
in ▪ Focus group ▪ Decision on ▪ Data ▪ Conducting ▪ Create
municip discussion with which public collection and pre-feasibility masterplan
al academic transportation model study and identifying
govern- experts to to develop development feasibility different
ment identify which based on to support study for the transportation
mode of experts’ FGD decision on construction modes for
transportation public of chosen different
works the best transportation public corridor
transportation
▪ Current practice shows that planning process of urban transportation is done differently from the best-
practice
▪ To ensure proper development and spending, GoI should consider in following the best-practice planning
process
Source: RPJMN Background Study (2019) Mckinsey 9
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
TOD - Shallow-depth use
(Passage & Shopping Mall)
Tenjin (Fukuoka) Area Tokyo Metro
(constructed in 1970’s) Nagata-cho Station
10
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
TOD – Station and City
Development
Tsukuba Express
Kashiwanoha Campas
Tokyu Denen-Chofu Station
Station
11
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
TOD - Main Issues and Recommendations
1. Necessity of Intermodal Transfer Facility and
Traffic Impact Assessment
2. Reflection of TOD Master Plan into the Spatial
Plan for Appropriate Urban Development
Management
3. Guidance for Public Infrastructure Development
4. Organization and Finance
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2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
13
Source: JUTPI2
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
14
Source: JUTPI2
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
15
Source: JUTPI2
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
16
Source: JUTPI2
2. TOD in Tokyo and Japan
17
Source: JUTPI2
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Comparison of subway network
Tokyo Delhi Jakarta
Population: 11 mil Population: 8.9 mil
8 MRTs (373km) 1 MRT (16km)
Population: 9.3 mil
13 MRTs (304km)
3 LRTs (2 AGT, 1 Tram) 18
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Registered
Registered Cars
Motorbikes Thousand Thousand
Thousand 37 mil 1425% 315%
27 mil
Source：Assumption United Nations, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014
Revision
• Further population growth is expected in JABODETABEK area. Numbers of
registered motorbikes and car have been growing, thereby causing severe
traffic congestion.
• Indonesian Government intends to leverage ratio of public transportation to
60% (almost same level as London) by 2029 against total number of person
trip, and is formulating urban transportation master plan.
Modal Share
Projection
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Outline of Jakarta Mass Rapid Transport (MRT)
Kampung Bandan St.
E-W Phase-1
(Total 31.7ｋｍ） N-S Phase-2
(Total 8.1ｋｍ）
Kalideres St.
Bundaran HI St.
Ujung Menteng St.
Opened in
N-S Phase-1 March 2019 !
（Total 15.7ｋｍ）
* Phase 2 of E-W Line
Lebak Bulus St.
(56.2km) locates outside of
DKI Jakarta. Its feasibility
needs to be confirmed. 20
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Outline of Jakarta Mass Rapid Transport (MRT)
JICA’s Contribution
Kampung Bandan St.
► North-South Line E-W Phase-1
(Total 31.7ｋｍ） N-S Phase-2
1. Engineering Service (E/S) for Ph. 1: (Total 8.1ｋｍ）
JPY 2 billion Kalideres
St.
2. Construction of Ph. 1 and E/S for Ph. 2:
Bundaran HI St.
JPY 123 billion Ujung Menteng St.
3. Construction of Ph. 2:
N-S Phase-1
Loan Agreement (L/A) to be signed soon （Total 15.7ｋｍ）
► East-West Line Lebak Bulus St.
E/S for Ph. 1 Stage 1 (Kalideres - Cempaka
Baru): JPY 2 billion
Ridership and Travelling Time
► Expected Ridership in full operation:
N-S Line; 433,000 persons/day E-W Line; over 1,000,000 persons/day
► Expected Travelling Time
25 minutes from Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI
41 minutes from L. Bulus to Kampung Bandan 21
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Alignment and Contractors of MRT N-S Line Phase I
Underground： 5.9km
CP104-106
Elevated： 9.8km
CP101-103
CP104/105
Shimizu・Obayashi・
WIKA・JAYA
CP101/102 CP103
CP106
Tokyu・WIKA Obayashi・
Mitsui-Sumitomo・HK
Shimizu・JAYA
All civil works are implemented by Indonesia-Japan
22
cooperation (in the form of JV) !!
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Alignment and Contractors of MRT N-S Line Phase I
CP107: Railway Systems
Mitsui Corporation, Kobelco, Toyo
Engineering, IKPT
CP108: Rolling Stock:
Sumitomo Corporation
23
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Tunnel Boring Machine
24
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Indonesian – Japanese Co-working
25
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Outline of Jakarta Mass Rapid Transport (MRT)
Kampung Bandan St.
E-W Phase-1 Bidding
(Total 31.7ｋｍ） N-S Phase-2 process started
(Total 8.1ｋｍ）
Kalideres St.
Bundaran HI St.
Ujung Menteng St.
Basic design
to be started
N-S Phase-1
soon （Total 15.7ｋｍ）
* Phase 2 of E-W Line
Lebak Bulus St.
(56.2km) locates outside of
DKI Jakarta. Its feasibility
needs to be confirmed. 26
3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
JABODETABEK Urban Transportation
Policy Integration Project Phase 2 (JUTPI2)
Activities:
1.To develop a cross-ministerial and cross boundary framework to promote
integrated urban transportation policies in Jabodetabek
2.To enhance capacity of urban transportation related agencies to
implement transportation projects in Jabodetabek through implementation
of pilot projects
3.To enhance capacity of urban transportation related agencies to
implement transit-oriented development (TOD) projects in Jabodetabek
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3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
JABODETABEK – Public Transportation Future Network (Proposed by JUTPI2)
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3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
JABODETABEK – Public Transportation Future Network (Proposed by JUTPI2)
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3. Japanese Cooperation in MRT Jakarta
Source: JUTPI2 30
Terima kasih banyak !
