Project Quality Management

Project Quality Management

 Includes the processes for incorporating the organization’s quality policy regarding
planning, managing, and controlling project and product quality requirements in order to
meet stakeholders’ objectives.

Process Name Process Group Key Outputs

Quality Management
Plan Quality
Planning Plan,
Management
Quality Metrics
Quality Reports, Test
Manage Quality Executing and Evaluation
Documents
Quality Control
Monitoring and
Control Quality Measurements, Verified
Controlling
Deliverables,
Quality Vs. Grade
 Quality
 The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

 Grade
 Category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical
characteristics.
Quality Methodologies
 Total Quality Management(TQM)
 Everyone in the company is responsible for quality, looks at the underlying
process of how a product is made.
 Continuous Improvement - Kaizen
 Japanese Management term, a philosophy of continuous improvement by all
parties, no matter how small the change

 ISO 9000
 Organizational for International standards to ensure the companies document
what they do and execute what they document
 Just in Time Inventory
 Inventories levels as near zero as possible
Quality Methodologies
 The Deming Cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act)
 ( W. Edwards Deming), advocated plan-do-check-act as the basis for quality
mgmt.
 Six Sigma
 Focus on achieving very high levels of quality by controlling the process and
reducing defects.
Value Percent Correct
1 sigma 68.26 percent
2 sigma 95.46 percent
3 sigma 99.73 percent
6 sigma 99.99 percent
Quality Terms
 Attribute and Variable Sampling
 Measuring some characteristics of the sample. Attribute is about if it
conforms or not. Variable is about how well it conforms base on a scale
 Mutual Exclusivity
 Two events can not occur at the same time

 Tolerances
 The limits in which the product will meet product acceptance

 Prevention vs. Inspection

 Prevention is about keeping the errors out of the process and inspection is
about keeping the errors out of the customers hands.
How To Ensure Effective Quality Management
 Always cost more if the customers find the defects. Prevent defects
from going to the customers
 Build quality into the planning and design of a project
 Build a culture in the organization that wants to produce quality
work.
Plan Quality Management
 Identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project
and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will
demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or
standards.
 Guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and
verified throughout the project.
 Identifies what the quality specifications are for this project and
how these specifications will be met
Plan Quality Management
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES

INPUTS 1.Expert Judgment

Data Gathering
1.Project Charter OUTPUTS
a.Benchmarking
Project Management Plan 1.Quality Management Plan
b.Brainstorming
a.Requirements Management Plan Quality Metrics
c.Interviews
b.Risk Management Plan Project Management Plan Updates
Data Analysis
c.Stakeholder Engagement Plan a.Risk Management Plan
a.Cost-Benefit Analysis
d.Scope Baseline b.Scope Baseline
b.Cost of Quality
Project Documents Project Documents Updates
Decision Making
a.Assumption Log a.Lessons Learned Register
a.Multicriteria Decision Analysis
b.Requirements Documentation b.Requirements Traceability Matrix
Data Representation
c.Requirements Traceability Matrix c.Risk Register
a.Flowcharts
d.Risk Register d.Stakeholder Register
b.Logical Data Model
e.Stakeholder Register
c.Matrix Diagrams
Enterprise Environmental Factors
d.Mind Mapping
Organizational Process Assets
Test and Inspection Planning
Meetings
Plan Quality Management - Inputs
 Project Charter
 Project Management Plan
 Project Documents
 Stakeholder Register
 Risk Register
 Requirements Documentation
 Requirements Traceability Matrix
 Enterprise Environmental factors
 Organizational Process Assets
Plan Quality Management - Tools
 Expert Judgment
 Data Gathering
 Brainstorming
 Benchmarking
 Interviews
 Data Analysis
 Cost Benefit Analysis
 Does the activities, work packages performed cost more then
the expected results. The benefits must out weigh their costs.
 Cost of Quality, (COQ)
 All costs incurred over the life of the product ensuring it meets
quality of the product
 Conformance, Prevention costs, Appraisal costs
 Non-Conformance, Internal and external failure costs
Plan Quality Management - Tools
 Decision Making
 Multicriteria Decision Analysis
 Test and Inspection Planning
 PM and team determine how to test or inspect the project output to
ensure it meets the stakeholders needs and expectations.
 Meetings
Plan Quality Management - Tools
 Data Representation
 Logical Data Model
 A visual representation of the data and you can then use it to identify the best
methods to sort and organize it
 Matrix Diagram
 The relationship between two or more groups within the project
 Mind Mapping
 Visually organize data
 Flowcharts
 A graphical representation of the process and any room for improvements

Determine
Collect Organize into Determine Filed Create
Database Create tables
Requirements tables types Database
Fields
Plan Quality Management - Output
 Quality Management Plan
 Quality standards that will be used by the
project
 Quality control and management activities for
the project
 Quality tools that will be used
 How to continually improve our processes
 Quality Metrics
 Specifications on how quality will be measure
during the control quality process. Such as, error
per line of code
 Project Management Plan Updates
 Project Document Updates
Manage Quality
 Translating the quality management plan into
executable quality activities
 It increases the probability of meeting the quality
objectives as well as identifying ineffective processes
and causes of poor quality.
 Implementations of the plans the project manager, the
project team, and management does to ensure the
deliverables meets the quality specifications in the
project management plan.
 Maybe called Quality Assurance.
 Confirm the quality processes used are meeting the
quality objectives.
 Manage Quality
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
Data Gathering
Data Analysis
Alternatives Analysis OUTPUTS
Document Analysis
1.Quality Reports
INPUTS Process Analysis
Test and Evaluation Documents
Root Cause Analysis
1.Project Management Plan Decision Making Change Requests
a.Quality Management Plan Multicriteria Decision Analysis Project Management Plan Updates
2.Project Documents Data Representation Quality Management Plan
a.Lessons Learned Register Affinity Diagrams Scope Baseline
b.Quality Control Measurements Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
Schedule Baseline
Flowcharts
c.Quality Metrics Cost Baseline
Histograms
d.Risk Report Matrix Diagrams Project Documents Updates
3.Organizational Process Assets Scatter Diagrams Issue Log
Audits Lessons Learned Register
Design for X Risk Register
Problem Solving
Quality Improvement Methods
Manage Quality - Inputs
 Project Management Plan
 Quality Management plan
 Project Documents
 Quality Control Measurements
 Risk Report
 Lesson Learned Register
 Organizational Process Assets
Manage Quality - Tools
 Data Gathering
 Checklist
 Data Analysis
 Alternatives Analysis
 Document analysis
 Process Analysis
 Root Case Analysis
 Decision Making
 Multicriteria Decision Analysis
Manage Quality - Tools
 Data Representation
 Affinity Diagrams
 Used to group ideas together
 Matrix Diagrams
 Shows the relationship among processes
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 Also known as Ishikawa or Fishbone diagram, it will tell you
the causes of defects
Work/Famaily Exam

Distraction from studying Anxiety

Cold/Hot exam room

Too much work

Run out of time

Fail PMP Exam

Lack of
Lack of

Wrong material
Manage Quality - Tools
 Data Representation
 Flowcharts
 Flowcharts show you a graphical representation of the process and any room for
improvements.
 Histograms
 Histograms are bar charts that show the distribution of numerical data. One example
of a histogram is a Pareto diagram. Pareto diagrams use the Pareto principle of 80/20.
Project Expenses
$90,000.00 120%
$80,000.00
100%
$70,000.00
$60,000.00 80%
$50,000.00
60%
$40,000.00
$30,000.00 40%
$20,000.00
20%
$10,000.00
$- 0%
Salaries Contractors Rentals Equipment Material

Amount Cumulative %
Manage Quality - Tools
 Data Representation
 Scatter Diagram
 Scatter diagrams show trends in relation to different variables

Defects per week

9
8
Number of Defects

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Weeks
Manage Quality - Tools
 Audits
 Id all best practices are being executed
 Id all short comings and gaps in the process
 Share all findings with all parties/stakeholders/PMO
 Proactively offer assistance in a positive manner to improved process execution
 Design for X
 Used by engineers in order to design a particular aspect of a product
 Problem Solving
 Finding solutions to problems. identifying the problem, determining what’s
causing it, looking at possible solutions, selecting a solution, implementing a
solution, and verifying that it solves the problem.
 Quality Improvement Methods
 Find ways to improve the quality processes
Manage Quality - Output
 Quality Reports
 Report generally includes information about quality issues on the project and
recommendations on how to improve the processes being used.
 Test and Evaluation Documents
 Documents generally take the form of a checklist that can be used when checking the
quality of the deliverables
 Change Requests
 Project Management Plan updates
 Scope/Schedule/Cost Baseline
 Quality Management Plan
 Project Document updates
 Issue Log
 Lessons Learned Register
 Risk Register
Control Quality
 Assess performance and ensure the project outputs are
complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.
 Verifying that project deliverables and work meet the
requirements specified by key stakeholders for final
acceptance.
 Each deliverable is inspected, measured, and tested
 Control Quality - ITTO
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
INPUTS
Data Gathering
1.Project Management Plan OUTPUTS
Checklists
Quality Management Plan 1.Quality Control Measurements
Check Sheets
Project Documents 2.Verified Deliverables
Statistical Sampling
Lessons Learned Register 3.Work Performance Information
Questionnaires and Surveys
Quality Metrics 4.Change Requests
Data Analysis
a.Test and Evaluation Documents 5.Project Management Plan Updates
Performance Reviews
Approved Change Requests Quality Management Plan
Root Cause Analysis
Deliverables Project Documents Updates
Inspection
Work Performance Data Issue Log
Testing/Product Evaluations
Enterprise Environmental Factors Lessons Learned Register
Data Representation
Organizational Process Assets Risk Register
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
Test and Evaluation Documents
Control Charts
Scatter Diagrams
Meetings
Control Quality - Input
 Project Management Plan
 Quality Management Plan
 Project Documents
 Quality Metrics
 Test and evaluation Documents
 Lesson Learned Register
 Work Performance Data
 Approved Change Requests
 Deliverables
 Output from direct and manage project work
 Enterprise Environmental Factors
 Organizational Process Assets
Control Quality - Tools
 Data Gathering
 Checklists - ensures that all components of the
deliverables are checked correctly
 Check sheets - used to keep a running total or tally
 Statistical Sampling
 Questionnaires and Surveys
 Data Analysis
 Performance reviews or root cause analysis
 Inspection
 Inspections are often referred to as audits, walk-
throughs or peer reviews. Used to validate defect
repairs
Control Quality - Tools
 Testing/Product Evaluations
 Before the project team or manager can verify that a deliverable has met
all its quality requirements they would have to test these deliverables
extensively. E.g. Unit testing, integration testing.
 Meeting
 Data Representation
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 Scatter Diagrams
 Histogram
 Pareto Diagrams
Control Quality - Tools
 Data Representation
 Control Chart
 will tell if a process is in “control”
 identify the rule of seven
Control Quality - Output
 Quality Control Measurements
 The results of the activities done in the control quality processes to
determine if the quality standards or policies were met
 Verified Deliverables
 An input to Validate Scope
 Needed for formal acceptance
 Work Performance Information
 Change Requests
 Project Management Plan updates
 Project Document updates