Scribd
Upload
75 views

IP Addressing

IP addressing is a system that assigns unique identifiers to devices on a computer network. An IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet or private networks. IP addresses are divided into five classes - A, B, C, D and E - that define the size of large, medium and small networks. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses written in dotted decimal notation, while IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal.

Uploaded by

Rahul Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views

IP Addressing

IP addressing is a system that assigns unique identifiers to devices on a computer network. An IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet or private networks. IP addresses are divided into five classes - A, B, C, D and E - that define the size of large, medium and small networks. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses written in dotted decimal notation, while IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal.

Uploaded by

Rahul Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

IP Addressing

What is an IP address

 An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s


and 0s.

A way to identify machines on a network

 A unique identifier

 A numerical label
IP usage
Used to connect to another computer

Allows transfers of files and e-mail


What is an Internet Protocol

 Protocol used for communicating data

 Across a packet-switched
Services provided by IP

 Addressing

 Fragmentation
Part of IP Address
 Network Part

 Local or Host Part


IP Structure
IP addresses consist of four sections

Each section is 8 bits long

Each section can range from 0 to 255

Written, for example, 128.35.0.72


IP structure
5 Classes of IP address A B C D and E

Class A reserved for governments

Class B reserved for medium companies

Class C reserved for small companies

Class D are reserved for multicasting

Class E are reserved for future use


IP ranges
Class Address Range Supports

Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.

Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.

Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.

Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.

Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.
IP addresses are divided into
classes A,B and C to define large,
medium, and small networks.
Example
How to Calculate

Historical classful network architecture

First octet in Range of first Number of Number of


Class Network ID Host ID
binary octet networks addresses

224-2 =
A 0XXXXXXX 0 - 127 a b.c.d 27 = 128
16,777,214

B 10XXXXXX 128 - 191 a.b c.d 214 = 16,384 216-2 = 65,534

C 110XXXXX 192 - 223 a.b.c d 221 = 2,097,152 28-2 = 254


IP versions

 IP version 4 addresses

 IP version 6 addresses
IP versions
 IPv4: 32-bit* number: Written in Dotted Decimal
Notation

205.150.58.7

4 billion different host addresses

 IPv6: 128-bit* number: Written in Hex Decimal


Notation

2001:0503:0C27:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

16 billion billion network addresses


Types of IP address

 Static address

 Dynamic address
Types of IP address

 Static IP address

 manually input by network administrator

 manageable for small networks

 requires careful checks to avoid duplication


Types of IP address
 Dynamic IP address

 examples - BOOTP, DHCP

 assigned by server when host boots

 derived automatically from a range of


addresses

 duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address


released back to server
How to determine an IP address.

 Microsoft Windows Users


§ Click Start / Run and type: cmd or command to open a
Windows command line.
§ From the prompt, type ipconfig and press enter. This should
give you information similar to what is shown below.
 Windows XP IP Configuration
 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
 Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.101
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
How do I determine the IP address of
another computer or website?
 We must either the computer name or domain name
 use the ping command
 Example:
c:\>ping google.com
Pinging google.com [209.85.231.104] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 209.85.231.104: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=54 ....
Ping statistics for 204.228.150.3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4,
Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 29ms, Average = 28ms

in the above example the IP address 209.85.231.104 is the IP address of the


google.com domain.
Troubleshoot Basic IP Problems

 Series of commands :

c:\>IPCONFIG /RELEASE
c:\>IPCONFIG /RENEW
c:\>IPCONFIG /ALL

 Communications Failure
References :

www.howstuffworks.com
www.ip-adress.com
Ip.com
Webopedia.com
Thanks For Your Time

You might also like