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Mapping for Aviation Students

Maps show natural features like hills, rivers, roads, and railroads on a flat sheet of paper with a grid overlay. Charts show minimal ground features like mountains, rivers, and lakes for navigation purposes. The earth is reduced to a smaller scale for maps and charts. An ideal map projection keeps scale constant and correct, represents right lines as straight lines, and shapes accurately while providing worldwide coverage with adjacent sheets fitting together. Scale is the ratio of a distance on a map or chart to the actual distance on earth. A larger scale map has a smaller denominator and shows more detail. Scale factor is the ratio of chart length to reduced earth length. Orthomorphic projections correctly show bearings and have parallels and meridians intersect

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105 views2 pages

Mapping for Aviation Students

Maps show natural features like hills, rivers, roads, and railroads on a flat sheet of paper with a grid overlay. Charts show minimal ground features like mountains, rivers, and lakes for navigation purposes. The earth is reduced to a smaller scale for maps and charts. An ideal map projection keeps scale constant and correct, represents right lines as straight lines, and shapes accurately while providing worldwide coverage with adjacent sheets fitting together. Scale is the ratio of a distance on a map or chart to the actual distance on earth. A larger scale map has a smaller denominator and shows more detail. Scale factor is the ratio of chart length to reduced earth length. Orthomorphic projections correctly show bearings and have parallels and meridians intersect

Uploaded by

K A R M A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAPS AND CHARTS(DGCA)

MAP

Is a flat sheet of paper having a graticule on which natural ground features, hills,rivers,road,rail,etc
are shown ( Map Reading)

CHARTS

It is a flat sheet of paper having a graticule on which barest minimum ground features like
mountain,rivers and lakes etc are shown (Plotting)

REDUCED EARTH

Earth reduced to a smaller scale

PROPERTIES OF IDEAL PROJECTION

> Scale should be constant and correct


> Orthomorphic
> RL should be a straight line
> GC should be a straight line
> Shapes should be correct
> World wide coverage
> Adjacent sheets should be fit each other

SCALE

SCALE = CHART LENGTH


EARTH LENGTH

1. RF (Representative Factor) – 1 : 1,00,000


2. Statement in worlds 1” = 1 mile
3. Graduated scale – Provided on maps & charts

LARGE SCALE MAP – SMALLER THE DINOMINATOR LARGER THE SCALE

SCALE FACTOR = CHART LENGTH


REDUCED EARTH
STATED SCALE x SF = SCALE AT THAT POINT

YADWINDER SINGH
BORN TO FLY AVIATION ACADEMY SEC-7, DWARKA, NEW DELHI
09023349999
Scale Factor 1 means correct scale
If SF 1.01 represents a scale that is 1% too small

SCALE ERROR

Difference between Scale Factor and 1


SF = 1.1 , Scale Error = 1.1 – 1 = +0.1
or, if SF = .99, Scale Error = -0.01

ORTHOMORPHISM (Conformal)
The projection in which bearings are correctly represented, Following two properties are required for
a projection to be Orthomorphic
a) Scale at any point in all directions must be the same and not necessarily correct
b) Parallels and meridians must cut each other at rights angles

Orthomorphic projections will automatically have correctness of shapes.


Conversly the projection on which shapes are correct will be Orthomophic.

Thus Orthomorphism and Correctness of shapes are Complimentary to each other

EQUAL AREA

Equal areas on the earth are represented by equal area on the projection
Orthomorphic projection can not be equal area or vice versa
Scale can never be Constant & Correct
SIDs & STARs are Non-Conformal
At any point of Tangency. Scale will be same as RL and Meridians & Parallels will cut at 90 deg

YADWINDER SINGH
BORN TO FLY AVIATION ACADEMY SEC-7, DWARKA, NEW DELHI
09023349999

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