Eng.

Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020

Example 6: determine the nominal moment strength (Mn) and
the ultimate moment strength (Mu) of the beam shown below,
f'c=28 MPa fy= 420 MPa As =10ɸ 25mm = 5104 mm2.

0.05(𝑓 ′ 𝑐 − 28) 0.05(28 − 28)

𝛽1 = 0.85 − = 0.85 − = 0.85
7 7
0.65 ≤ 𝛽1 ≤ 0.85

𝑓 ′𝑐 0.003 28 0.003
𝜌𝑏 = 0.85𝛽1 ( ) ( ) = 0.85 ∗ 0.85 ∗ ( )( ) = 0.02833
𝑓𝑦 0.003 + 𝜀𝑦 420 0.003 + 0.0021
𝐴 5104
𝜌 = 𝑏𝑑𝑠 = 300∗430 = 0.0395 > 𝜌𝑏 , then fs < fy (steel is not yield)

(compression control, over reinforced, brittle failure)

𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − )
2

Get fs and c to calculate a =βc

C=T
→𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃 βc =Asfs → where fs=E ɛs
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃 βc =As Es ɛs
𝑑−𝑐
ɛ𝑠 = 0.003( )
𝑐

𝑑−𝑐
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃 βc =As Es * 0.003( )
𝑐

430−𝑐
0.85*28*300*0.85*c = 5104*200000*0.003*( 𝑐
)

6069c2+ 3062400c – 1316832000 =0 → solve eqn to get c =277.44 mm

𝒂 = 𝛽𝑐 = 0.85 ∗ 277.44 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓. 𝟖𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝑑−𝑐 430−277.44
ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.003 ∗ ( ) = 0.00165 < ɛ𝑦 = 0.0021
𝑐 277.44

fs = 200000*0.00165=330 Mpa

𝑎 235.842
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − ) = 5104 ∗ 330 ∗ (430 − ) 10−6 = 525.6 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2 2

To find Mu compute ɸ

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020

𝑑−𝑐 430−277.44
ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.003 ∗ ( ) = 0.00165 < ɛ𝑦 = 0.0021
𝑐 277.44

ɸ =0.65

Mu =ɸ Mn = 525.6*0.65 = 341.6KN.m

.
Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections (with tension steel only)

- The strength requirement is satisfied by ensuring that the design strength of the member is
larger than or equal to the required Mu < or = φMn.
-increase concrete section 14% that save 20% steel.
-Typically, and economical design will be at 𝜌 = 0.5𝜌0.005 𝑡𝑜0.75𝜌0.005→ economical dimensions can
be gotten by assuming𝜌 = 0.6𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥
- for beams that are hidden within slab hbeam =hslab
- for beams that are hidden within wall bbeam = wall thickness

Section with Known dimensions Section with unknown dimensions

𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌𝑓𝑦
Equation 2
➔ 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑 (1 − 0.59 ) • 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑 2 (1 − 0.59 )
𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐
• Assume optimum “𝜌” and calculate
Assume a concrete dimensions
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2 )→ get As • Set Mu = Mn
𝑀𝑢
Recheck 𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒘 =
𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
if 𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒘 ≅ 𝒂𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒅 stop • 𝑏𝑑2 = 𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃 𝜑𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1−0.59
𝑓𝑐
)
if not retry with new a assumption • Chose b or d and find the other
from Ag almost d=2 to 3 times b.
• Calculate As= 𝜌𝑏𝑑
• ℎ𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 ≥ ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 ACI Table 9.3.1.1
Given b or/and d , Mu , assume φ=0.9 Mu ,assume φ=0.9, assume
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑒𝑐𝑜 → 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
Unknowns As As,b, d
Last step ρmin ≤ ρ ρmax h=d+cover
≤ As=bd ρ
→ As=bd ρ

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020

Example 3.6: find the concrete cross section and steel area required for a simply support
rectangular beam with a span of 4.5 m that is to carry a computed dead load of 20Kn/m’
and a service live load of 31 Kn/m’ , , material strength are f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 420 MPa

Given : span length = 4.5 m DL= 20Kn/m’ LL=31 Kn/m’

F’c=28MPa fy= 420MPa

Wu =1.2*20+1.6*31= 73.6 Kn/m’

𝑊𝑢 ∗ 𝐿2 73.6 ∗ 4.52
𝑀𝑢 = = = 186.3 𝐾𝑛. 𝑚
8 8

Design by using 𝜌0.005

𝑓 ′𝑐 0.003
𝜌0.005 = 0.85𝛽1 ( ) ( )
𝑓𝑦 0.003 + 0.005

28 0.003
= 0.85 ∗ 0.85 ∗ ( )( ) = 0.0181
420 0.003 + 0.005
𝑎 𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑𝜌 (𝑑 − ) = 𝜑𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑 2 𝜌 (1 − 0.59 )
2 𝑓′𝑐

𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑 2 𝜌 (1 − 0.59 )
𝑓 ′𝑐

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
0.0181 ∗ 420
→ 𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟒𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝒃𝒅𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟏 ∗ (1 − 0.59 )
28
𝒃𝒅𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟐. 𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑
Choose b=250 mm then d= 360 mm
As= 𝝆𝑨𝒈 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟏 ∗ 𝟐𝟓𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Cover = 62.5 mm → h= d+62.5 = 360+62.5= 422.5 mm ≅ 425 𝑚𝑚

Recheck steel requirement by assuming “ a “

Assume a= 120 mm
As=
𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎
= 1642.85 𝑚𝑚2
𝜑𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2)

Check

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
𝒂= = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒂
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃

𝒔𝒐 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Example 7: design reinforced beam to resist the moment which result from the o.w and
superimposed D&L Load given that b=600 mm h= 600 mm fy = 420 MPa f’c= 20MPa concrete
density = 25 Kn/m3 concrete cover 60 mm

- Service dead load = 15 Kn/m’

- Service live load = 37 Kn/m’

- Req’d :- find the area of steel needed then select # of bars.

o.w= 0.6*0.6*25= 9 Kn/m’

wu= 1.2(9+15) + 1.6*37 =88 Kn.m

𝑊𝑢 ∗ 𝐿2 88 ∗ 7.82
𝑀𝑢 = = = 669.24 𝐾𝑛. 𝑚
8 8

𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑀𝑛

Assume 𝜑=0.9
Assume a= 80 mm

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
6
𝑀𝑢 669.24 ∗ 10
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎
= 80
= 3541 𝑚𝑚2
𝜑𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2) 0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ (540 − )
2
𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟏 ∗ 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝒂= = 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 = 𝟏47.12 𝑚𝑚 → 𝐴𝑠 = 3791 𝑚𝑚2
𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟏 𝑚𝑚 → 𝐴𝑠 = 3832.6 𝑚𝑚2
From table of Bars select
8φ25 mm =4080 mm2
𝐴𝑠 4080
𝜌= = = 0.01259
𝑏𝑑 600 ∗ 540

f c 20 ρmin =
1.4 1.4
= 0.0033
ρmin = = = 0.0026 =
f y 420
4 fy 4 * 420

Use largest one ρmin = 0.0033

𝑓′ 0.003 20 0.003
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑐 ) ( ) = 0.85𝛽1 ( )( ) = 0.0147
𝑓𝑦 0.003 + 0.004 420 0.003 + 0.004

ρmin = 0.003 < 𝜌 = 0.01259 <𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0147 O.K

Check if the assumed φ is ok?

𝜀𝑡 = 0.0056 > 0.005 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜑 = 0.9 𝑂. 𝑘

Another method to solve this example:

𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑑 2 𝜌 (1 − 0.59 )
𝑓 ′𝑐
𝜌 ∗ 420
675 ∗ 106 = 0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ 600 ∗ 5402 𝜌 (1 − 0.59 )
20

0.0102064 = 𝜌 − 12.39𝜌2 → 12.39𝜌2 − 𝜌 + 0.0102064 = 0

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 2
− 4𝑎𝑐 −(−1) ± √(−1) − 4(12.39)(0.0102064)
𝜌= = = 0.01186
2𝑎 2 ∗ 12.39

ρmin = 0.003 < 𝜌 = 0.01186 <𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0147 O.K

As=600*540*0.01186=3842.23 mm2
From table of Bars select
8φ25 mm =4080 mm2

Example 3.7: using the same concrete dimensions as were used for the second solution of
example 3.6 (b= 250mm, d=435 mm, and h= 500 mm) and the same material strengths, find the
steel area required to resist a moment Mu of 150 kn.m
Solution:
Assume a= 100 mm

𝑀𝑢 150 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎
= 100
= 1031 𝑚𝑚2
𝜑𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2) 0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ (435 − )
2

Checking assumed a

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏 ∗ 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝒂= = = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒃 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟖 ∗ 𝟐𝟓𝟎

Next assume a=72.8 mm and calculate As

𝑀𝑢 150 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎
= 72.8
= 995.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝜑𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2) 0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ (435 − 2
)

𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝐴𝑠 > 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

No further iteration is required, use As= 995.5 mm2
Use 2φ25 mm which give 1080 mm2
➔ To ensure the assumed φ=0.9 check that 𝜌 < 𝜌0.005
.

Rectangular beams with tension and compression reinforcement

(Doubly Reinforced Beam )

- If a beam cross section is limited because of architectural or other considerations, it

may happen that the concrete cannot develop the compression force required to resist

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
the given bending moment in this case reinforcement is added in the compression zone
(doubly reinforced beam).

- Other than strength it has been found that the inclusion of some compression steel will
reduce the long-term deflections of members.

- Or the compression steel bars placed to support stirrups

- If, in a doubly reinforced beam, the tensile reinforcement ratio 𝜌 is less than or equal to
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , the strength of the beam may be approximated within acceptable limits by
disregarding the compression bars.

- in a doubly reinforced beam If the tensile reinforcement ratio is larger than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 ,
compression steel considered in analysis.

Two cases for doubly reinforced beam :

𝑓′ 𝑑′ 0.003
1- tension and compresion steel both are yiled 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕 ≥ 𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑓 𝑐) ( 𝑑 ) (0.003−ɛ ) + 𝜌′
𝑦 𝑦

𝑓′𝑐 𝑑′ 0.003
2- compresion steel is not yiled 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕 ≤ 𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑓 ) ( 𝑑 ) (0.003−ɛ ) + 𝜌′
𝑦 𝑦

1- TENSION AND COMPRESION STEEL BOTH ARE YILED

𝑓′ 𝑑′ 0.003
In case 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜌𝑏 and𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 ≥ 𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑓 𝑐) ( 𝑑 ) (0.003−ɛ ) + 𝜌′
𝑦 𝑦

𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) + (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
𝑤ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∶
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦
𝑎 𝑎=
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏
2
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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
Or
(ρ − ρ′ ) 𝑑 𝑓𝑦
𝑎=
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏

- To avoid the brittle failure and ensure a yielding of tension steel before crushing of
concrete the upper limit of tension steel must be provided:

- ρb = ρb + ρ′
̅̅̅

- ρb :- balanced reinforcement ratio for a doubly reinforced beam.

̅̅̅

′
- ̅̅̅̅̅̅
ρ max = ρmax + ρ
- ρmax max tension reinforcement ratio.
̅̅̅̅̅̅:-

- ρ0.005 = ρ0.005 + ρ′
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

- ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅:-
ρ 0.005 for Ф =0.9 the maximum reinforcement ratio is ρ0.005 for doubly reinforcement
it’s equal ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
ρ0.005

2- TENSION IS YIELD AND COMPRESION STEEL NOT YIELD

- -some cases the beam cover more than usual or high yield strength or beam with small
amount of tensile reinforcement or compression bars will be below the yield stress at
failure.

𝑓′ 𝑑′ 0.003
In case 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜌𝑏 and 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 ≤ 𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑓 𝑐 ) ( 𝑑 ) (0.003−ɛ ) + 𝜌′
𝑦 𝑦

𝑓𝑠′
- 𝜌𝑏 = 𝜌𝑏 + 𝜌′
̅̅̅
𝑓𝑦
𝑓′
- 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝜌′ 𝑓𝑠
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑦
𝑓′
- 𝜌0.005 = 𝜌0.005 +
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝜌′ 𝑓𝑠
𝑦

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
𝑓′
′ 𝑠
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓′𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) + (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
𝑓𝑦 2

𝑤ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∶
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) 𝑓′
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠 )𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑠′ 𝑎 𝑎=
𝑦
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏
𝑓𝑦 2

𝑑′
Where 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 [0.003 − (0.003 + 𝜀𝑦 ]
𝑑
𝑐−𝑑′
Or 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 [0.003 ∗ ]
𝑐

Get c by using C=T

𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑐 ′
+ 𝐴 𝑠𝐸𝑠 [0.003 ∗ ]
𝑐

Example 3.12: beam width =300 mm beam depth =600 mm

d’=65 mm f’c =35 MPa fy = 420 MPa
As= 6φ32 mm in two layers
A’s= 2φ25 mm

𝐴 4914
From table, As = 4914 mm2 →𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑏𝑑𝑠 = 300∗600 = 0.0273
𝐴′ 1020
From table A’s = 1020 mm2 →𝜌′ = 𝑏𝑑𝑠 = 300∗600 = 0.0057

0.05(𝑓 ′ 𝑐 −28) 0.05(35 −28)

𝛽1 = 0.85 − = 0.85 − = 0.8
7 7
𝑓′ 0.003 35 0.003
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑐 ) ( ) = 0.85 ∗ 0.80 ∗ ( )( ) = 0.0243
𝑓𝑦 0.003 + 0.004 420 0.003 + 0.004

1- Check if A’s is needed!!?

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.0273 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0243 , then analyze the beam as doubly

2- Check if the compression steel is yield or not

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
𝑓′ 𝑑′
𝑐 0.003
𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( )( )( ) + 𝜌′
𝑓𝑦 𝑑 0.003 − ɛ𝑦

35 65 0.003
𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85 ∗ 0.8 ∗ ( )( )( ) + 0.0057 = 0.0241 < 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.0273
420 600 0.003 − 0.0021

:- compression steel is yield

0.85 ∗ 𝑓𝑐 ′ ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝛽 ∗ 𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 − 𝑨′𝒔 𝒇′𝒔 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟒 ∗ 𝟒𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝟒𝟐𝟎

𝒂= = = 183.2 𝑚𝑚
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟑𝟓 ∗ 𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′ 𝑠)𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) + 𝐴′ 𝑠 𝑓 ′ 𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
2
183.2
𝑀𝑛 = ((4914 − 1020) ∗ 420 ∗ (600 − ) + 1020 ∗ 420 (600 − 65)) ∗ 10−6 = 1061 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2
𝑎 183.2
To find Mu compute ɸ 𝑐=𝛽= = 229 𝑚𝑚
0.80

Find ϵt of steel

0.003 𝜖𝑡
=
𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑐)

0.003 ∗ (600 − 229)

𝜖𝑡 = = 0.0049 < 0.005 → 𝜑 = 0.89
229

Mu =ɸ Mn = 1061*0.89 = 944.29 KN.m

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
Example 1: For the beam shown below find the ultimate flexural strength (Mu) , where beam
reinforced with four steel bars (4Ф16 mm) at 75 mm from the top fiber to center of steel, and
(8Ф22 mm) tension steel with 65 mm cover where the total height of beam equal 460 mm and
beam width = 300 mm .

Given : f'c=30 MPa, fy= 420 MPa, A's=4Ф16 mm, As=8Ф22 mm ,d'=75 mm ,d=395 mm

h=460 mm , b =300 mm .

75 mm
4Ф16
395 mm
460

8Ф22
65 mm
300

solution:
𝑨𝒔 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟏 𝑨′𝒔 𝟖𝟎𝟒
As= 3041 mm2, A's= 804 mm2, 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = 𝒃𝒅 = 𝟑𝟗𝟓∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟕 , 𝝆′ = = 𝟑𝟗𝟓∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟖
𝒃𝒅

𝑓′ 𝑑′ 0.003 30 75 0.003
𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 ( 𝑓 𝑐) ( 𝑑 ) (0.003−ɛ ) + 𝜌′ = 0.85 ∗ 0.83 ∗ (420) (395) (0.003−0.0021) + 0.00678
𝑦 𝑦

𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.0323 > 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.0257 then compression steel not yield

𝑐−𝑑′
that mean fs' is unknown 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 [0.003 ∗ ]
𝑐

Get c by using C=T

𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑐 + 𝐴′ 𝑠𝐸𝑠 [0.003 ∗ ]
𝑐

𝑐 − 75
420 ∗ 3041 = 0.85 ∗ 0.83 ∗ 30 ∗ 300 ∗ 𝑐 + 804 ∗ 200000 [0.003 ∗ ]
𝑐
c−75
1277220 =6349.5 c+482400
c

1277220 c = 6349.5c2+482400c -36180000

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
2
c -125.17c-5698 =0

solve to get c

−𝐵 ± √𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶
𝑐=
2𝐴

c = 160.64 mm ----> a= cβ = 133.3 mm

𝑐−𝑑′ 160.64−75
𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 [0.003 ∗ ] = 200000 [0.003 ∗ ] =319.87
𝑐 160.64

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
𝑓𝑠′ 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓 ′ 𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) + (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 ) 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
𝑓𝑦 2

319.87 133.3
𝑀𝑛 = 804 ∗ 319.87 ∗ (395 − 75) + (3041 − 804 ∗ ) ∗ 420 ∗ (395 − ) = 585.885 𝐾𝑛. 𝑚
420 2

to find Mu

𝑐 160.64
= = 0.407 > 0.375 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∅ =
𝑑 395

ɸ =0.65+( ϵt - 0.002) (250/3)→ɸ =0.65+( 0.0043- 0.002) (250/3) =0.84

Where

∈𝑡 (395 − 160.64)
=
0.003 160.64

∈𝑡 = 0.0043

Mu = 0.84*585.885 = 492.14 Kn.m

Note :

* compression steel by itself does not add much to beam capacity , it change mode of failure of
the beam which allows the additional of tension reinforcement beyond Asmax .

- in other words for reason of adding compression steel :-

1- To increases ductility (larger Єs at ultimate).

2- Allows addition of tension steel beyond Asmax ( change mode of failure from compression to
tension failure ).

3- Reduce deflection be increasing section moment of inertia .

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020

Design of doubly reinforced beams

1- calculate controlling value for design moment Mu.

2- calculate d, since h is known ;

𝑑 ≈ ℎ − 60 𝑚𝑚 for one layer

𝑑 ≈ ℎ − 90 𝑚𝑚 for two layers

3- Estimate a c/d value , which will cause a strain , Єt > 0.005 and find the As, for a singly
reinforced section . compute c and d .

4- find nominal moment capacity provided by As1

0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑎
𝐴𝑠1 =
𝑓𝑦
𝑎
𝑀𝑓1 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2

5- find nominal moment capacity that must be provided by the web

𝑀𝑢
∆𝑀 = − 𝑀𝑛
∅
𝑀𝑢
-if ∆𝑀 ≤ 0 , comparison steel is not required to resist
∅

- if ∆𝑀 > 0 . go to step 6

6- determine A's required to resist ∆𝑀 (assume 𝜀𝑠 ≥ 𝜀𝑦 )

∆𝑀
𝐴′𝑠(𝑟𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑) = (𝑑−𝑑′ )𝑓
𝑦

7- calculate total tension reinforcement required

𝐴𝑠(𝑟𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑) = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴′𝑠(𝑟𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑)

8- select reinforcing bars so 𝐴′𝑠 ≥ 𝐴′𝑠(𝑟𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑) confirm that the bars will fit within the cross
section .

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Eng.Loai Tarabulsi Reinforced Concrete 1 1st 2019/2020
9- confirm that ∈ ′𝑠 ≥∈𝑦 if not go back to step 6 and substitute 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝐸𝑠 ∈ ′𝑠 for fy to get
correct value of A's (req'd).

10- calculate the actual Mn for the section dimensions and reinforcement selected .

check strength ∅𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 :- (keep overdesign within 10%) !!

11- Check whether ρ provided is within allowable limits.

example :- design doubly reinforced beam to resist moment Mu=360 Kn.m with known
dimensions given that f'c = 21 MPa , fy = 350 MPa using estimated value h=560 mm , b =250
mm

use double layers of the bottom of beam

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