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PHYSICS FORM FIVE

24/03/2020

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

PART A

1. (a)(i) Define the term supplementary unit with example (01 Mark)
(ii) Why we use square bracket round M, L and T in dimensional analysis (01 Mark)
(b)(i) In an electric current, resistance of a conductor is defined as the ratio of P.d applied

V
across its end to the resulting current through the conductor( R= ). Use dimensional
I
analysis to find the dimension of resistsnce (R) (02 Marks)
(ii) How can you minimize mistake in measurements (01 Mark)
(c)(i) Distinguish between least count and Gross error as applied in measurement
(01 marks)
(ii) The initial temperature of the body is ( 15 ± 0.5 ) ℃ and the final temperature is
( 17 ± 0.3 ) ℃, what is the rise of temperature of the body? (01.5marks)
(iii) Energy per unit volume per unit time I (λ) as radiated by a black body is given

α 1
by; I ( λ )= λ5 . β where
eE
λ−¿wave length of electromagnetic radiation
E−¿energy
α ∧β- are constant. find dimension and units of α ∧β (02.5 Marks)
2. (a) (i) State the applications of principle of conservation of linear momentum (two
applications) (01 mark)
(ii) What is burnt out speed (01 mark)
(b) (i) A diagram below show a painter in a crate which hangs alongside a building when
the painter whose weight is 100N pull a rope, the force he exerts on the floor crate is
450N. If the crate has a mass of 25kg. Find the acceleration of the system and Tension.
 (ii) Explain why a coiled water horse pipe tends to straighten when water flow
through it? (01 Mark)
(c)(i) State two (2) application of projectile motion (01 mark)
(ii) A hunter aimed to hit the monkey running away from him. He released a stone
with initial velocity of 20m/s with angle of projection 45 ° . If a monkeywas situated at
10m from a hunter and start to run away from him. What was the speed of the monkey if
the stone hit the monkey? (03 Marks)
3. (a) (i) What is centripetal acceleration? (01 Mark)
(ii) A body of weight W, slide without friction rest at the top of the sphere of radius
R,if the body fall through a vertical distance h ( h< R ) .And makes an angle ( θ ) with the
vertical. Deduce the expression in terms of W,R and h for the normal reaction N of the
sphere. (03 marks)
(b) (i) what is banked road? (01 Marks)
 (ii) show that the tension of the string in a conical pendulum does not depends on the
angle of rotation (02 marks)
(c) (i) In which aspect does circular motion differ from linear motion? (01 mark)
3 3 1 2
(ii) A particle start rotating from rest according to the formulaθ= t − t . Where
20 3
t= time is seconds. Find the angular speed and angular acceleration at the end of t=5
second, where θ=¿angular displacent. (02 marks)
4. (a)(i) What is complete oscillation? (01 Mark)
(ii) If a particle excuting S.H.M of period with a 4second and amplitude of 2cm. Find
the maximum velocity that half its full displacement. (02 marks)
(b)(i) A particle is excuting S.H.M a straight line has velocity of 4m/s, when the
displacement is 3m and 3m/s when the displacement is 4m.Find the time taken to travel
2.5m from the positive extremely position of its displacement. (03 Marks)
(ii) For a particular executing S.H.M at which position a particle (body) said to have
maximum velocity and at which position is said to have minimum velocity (02.5 marks)
(c) Derive an expression for the periodic time (T) for a body undergoing S.H.M in mass
helical spring which oscillates vertically. (Sketching is important) (02.5 Marks)
5. (a)(i) State newton law of universal gravitation (01 Mark)
(ii) How newton law of universal gravitation is inconsistence with Keppler third law
(02 Marks)
(b) The moon takes 28days to orbit the earth, find
i. The orbital radius of the moon (01 mark)
ii. The minimum velocity on the earth needed to lunch the body so as it can
reach on the surface of the moon (02 Marks)

(c)(i) A man can jump 1.5m on the earth. Calculate the approximately height he might be
able to jump on a planet whose density is one quarter that of the earth and whose radius is one
third of the earth. (02.5 marks)

(ii) State four application of artificial satellite (02 Marks)

6. (a)Briefly explain the following

i. How centre of mass of a body affect stability of the body (01 mark)
 ii. How friction on the inclined surface support rotation motion of rolling body
(01 Mark)

(b) (i) A heavy fly wheel of moment of inertia 0.3kgm2 is mounted on the horizontal axle
of radius 0.01m and negligible mass compared with fly wheel, (neglecting friction). Find
angular acceleration if a force of 40N is applied tangentially axle (02 Marks)

(ii) Show that kinetic energy of a rigid body rotating with a constant angular (w) about a

1 2
fixed axis, is given by K . E= W I . (Where each symbol have usual meaning) (02 Marks)
2

(c)(i) How will you distinguish between a hardboiled egg and a row egg, by spinning it
on the table top? (01 mark)

(ii) A ballet dancer spin with 3r.p.m with arm out stretched, when the moment of
inertia about the axis of rotation is I. what is the new angular velocity? State assumption used on
arriving to your answer. (03 Marks)

7. (a) Explain which process is involved in the following thermal dynamic process
i. Boiling of water in an open container
ii. Filling the gas in the ball using bicycle
iii. Expansion of material when subjected to heat source
iv. Bursting of the car tires (02 Marks)

(b)(i) The resistance Rθ of a platinum wire at temperature θ ℃ measured on the gas

scale, is given by Rθ=R 0 ( 1+ aθθ+b θ2 ), where aθ=3.8 ×10−3 and b=−5.6 ×10−7, what temperature
will the platinum thermometer indicate when stemperature on the gas scale is 200 ℃?
(02.5 marks)

(ii) Is it possible to cool a room by leaving the door of the refrigerator open? Explain
(02 marks)
(c)(i) When a gas at high pressure in a container is suddenly released the container cool, why?
(01 Mark)
 (ii) What isU −¿value of a material. A roof of a house has a u−¿value 3.0 W m−2 k−1 when
unlagged and a u−¿value of 0.5W m−2 k−1 when lagged. Calculate U- value of a lagging material
and its thermal conductivity if its thickness is 20mm (02.5
Marks)

8. (a) State the following laws of black body radiation

i. Wien’s displacement law (01 Mark)
ii. Stefan’s law (01 mark)
iii. Prevost’s theory of heat exchange (01 Mark)

(b)(i) What is Boltzmann constant (01 mark)

(ii) The equations for a Real gas is given as

aθ
( P+
V2 )
( V −b )=RT ,Wherea,b are constant, R- universal gas constant, V-volume of the gas, T-

is the absolute temperature . Deduce an expression of the work done of the real gas under
adiabatic process (03 Marks)

(c) The total external surface area of dog’s body is 0.8 m 2 and the body temperature is
37 ℃ .at what rate is it losing heat by radiation when it is in a room whose temperature is 17 ℃ .
assuming that dogs behave as a black body and δ =5.67 ×10−8 w m−2 k−4 . (03 Marks)

9. (a)(i) Distinguish between drift current and drift velocity as applied in current electricity
(02 marks)
(ii) By means of sketch distinguish between ohmic and non-ohmic conductor
(02 marks)
(b) (i) The charge flowing in a conductor varies with time as
1 2 Ct 3
q=aθt − bt + where a,b and c are positive constant. Find initial current and time over
2 6
which current has maximum value (01.5 Marks)

(ii) In the figure below battery 12V has negligible internal resistance. Calculate the
potential at X and Y
(c)(i) What is potentiometer? And why it is called so? (01 mark)

(ii) Explain the mechanism of electric conduction in gases (02 marks)

10. (a) (i) What is phase diagram as applied in alternating current (01 mark)
(ii) Calculate the net impendence and power factor in the circuit(A.C).Which
connected to 20 k Ω . Resistor ,5 Η inductor and 2 uF capacitor in series when 120V,
50Hz A.C supply is connected across the combination (03 Marks)
(b) (i) Find the R.M.S value of A.C (Ir.m) from the sketch below.
 (c)(i) A 10 Ω resistor and 400 μFF capacitor are connected in series to a 60V sinusoidal
supply. The circuit current is 5A calculate the supply frequency and phase angle between
circuit current and supply voltage. (03 Marks)
(ii) An you achieve series resonance without changing supply frequency? (01 mark)
11. (a)(i) Sketch the graph of transfer characteristics of a transistor (common emitter mode)
(01 Mark)
(ii) State the significance (implication) of the slope from the graph drawn in 11 (a)(i)
above. (01 mark)
(b) (i) Why are germanium and silicon preferred to other semiconductor in solid state
device (02 marks)
(ii) Explain the effect of temperature on semiconductor at absolute zero temperature
and above absolute zero temperature (03 marks)
(c)(i) What is rectifier (01 mark)
(ii) State four (4) important application of photodiodes (02 Marks)
12. (a)(i) What is meant by logic gate? (01 mark)
(ii) Define integrated circuit and state two(2) application of it (02 mark)
(b) Use the Boolean algebra to simplify the circuit represented on the truth table below
and draw its simple logic circuit (03 marks)
 inputs Output
A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

(c)(i) Explain the application of a transistor as a oscillator (circuit diagram is

important) (01 mark)
(ii) In a common base transistor amplifier, the input resistance is 150 k Ω . Find the
voltage gain and power gain. Given, α =0.95 (02 marks)
13. (a)(i) What is demodulation as applied in communication system? (01 marks)
(ii) State four (4) limitations of amplitude modulation (A.M) (02 marks)
(b) (i) Mention two (2) basic modes of communication (01 mark)
(ii) If carries frequency is 40 KHz and the signal frequency is 1KHz. find the Band
width. (03 Marks)
(c)(i) Why does F.M give noiseless reception? (01 mark)
(ii) A carries wave of 500Watt is subjected to 100% amplitude modulation. Determine
the power in side band and power of modulation (02 marks)
14. (a)(i) What is epicentral distance as used in environment physics (01 marks)
(ii) State one (1) importance of ionosphere (01 marks)
(b)(i) Why transmission is better at night than at noon (day time) (02 marks)
(ii) State two importance of troposphere in our daily life (02 marks)
(c) The average velocity of P-wave through the earth’s solid core is 8km/s. If the average
density of the earth’s rock5.5 ×103 kg /m3 . Find the average bulk modulus of the earth
rock (04 marks)
 PART B

QN1 a. Give the meaning of the following terms as applied in measurement

i. Unit of physical quantity

ii. error ( 1marks @)

iii .mistake

iv. Fundamental physical quantities

v. Derived physical quantities

b. State the principle of dimensional analysis ( 2marks)

c. State four uses of dimensional analysis ( 3marks)

QN2. a. Give reason why the units of mass, length, and time are are called fundamental units?
3mark)

b. Why have scientists and engineers all over the world agreed to use SI UNITS?
(3marks)

c. If the speed V of the transverse wave along a wire of tension, T and mass, m is given by

T
V¿
√ M
. Apply dimensional analysis to check whether the given expression is correct

or not.

( 4marks)

QN3. a. The frequency n of vibration of a stretched string is a function of its tension F, the
length L and mass per unit length m, Use the method of dimensions to derive the
formula relating the stated physical quantities ( 3marks)

b. Explain how random error and systematic errors can be minimized in the data collected
during experiment. ( 3marks)

c. write the dimension of the following physical quantities.

 I . Planks constant.

ii. Coefficient of viscosity ( 1marks @)

iii. Pressure gradient

iv .Surface tension

QN 4.( a) Explain the following terms as applied in error analysis.

i .Parallax errors

ii .Zero errors ( 1mark @)

iii .Calibration errors

( b)The force acting on an object of mass M travelling at a velocity V in a circle of

radius r is

MV2
Given by F= . The measurement is recorded as.
r

M= (3.5± 0.1)kg, V=(20± 1)m/s ,and r=( 12.5± 0.5)m

Find i. The fractional error F ( 02 marks)

ii. The percentage error in measurement of force ( 02marks)

iii .How will record the reading ( 02marks)

( c )State importance of measurement in our daily life ( 02marks)

QN5 ( a) Explain and give reason why errors of an experiment may be positive or negative ?
( 03)

( b)Differentiate between Accuracy from Precision ( 03marks)

( c) The mass of large stone that can be moved by flowing river depends on the
velocity V

Density of water D and acceleration due to gravity g .

 Use dimensional analysis to derive formula relating stated physical quantities
(04marks)

PART C

1. (a) (i) Explain briefly the meaning of the following terms

Error and mistake (1 marks)
(ii) The iron rod at temperature 0℃ is placed into the furnace whose temperature is
maintained at 900℃ . After absorption of heat it expands and its dimension is increased
by 2% for each case. Calculate the thermal conductivity of iron, given that
∆v
∝= (4 marks)
v ( θ−θ0 )
(b) (i) What are the dimensional equations? State any two uses of dimensional equations.
(2 marks)
2π
(ii) A progressive wave equation is given by Y=A COS (Pt – x) where t =
S
time,x=distance, A, S and Y carry their usual meaning. Find the dimensions of p and
hence state the law used to answer it. (3 marks)
2. (a) (i) What is projectile? (1 marks)
(ii) A gun thrown a shell with a muzzle speed of 98m/s when then elevation is 450,
the range is found to be 900m. How much is the range decreased by air resistance? (2
marks)
(b) (i) Mention two limitations of a projectile motion. (1 marks)
(ii) If the horizontal range of a particle projected with a velocity v is H. show that the
greatest height it is given by 16gH2 – 8v2H + gH2. (3 marks)
(c) A boy wants to throw a letter wrapped over a stone to his friend across the street 40m
wide. The boy’s window is 10m below friend’s window. How should he throw the ball?
(3 marks)
3. (a) (i) Why does an athlete run some distance before Jumping (1 marks)
(ii) While firing a bullet, the gun should be held tight to the should. Why? (2 marks)
(b) An 8000kg rocket is set vertical fired. If the exhaust speed is 800ms-1. How much gas
must be ejected per second to supply thrust needed to;
(i) Overcome the weight of rocket. (2 marks)
 (ii) Give the rocket an initial upward acceleration of 19.6ms-2. (2 marks)
(c) (i) Why are passengers of a car rounding a curve thrown outward? (1marks)
(ii) A car is moving with a speed of 30ms-1 on a circular track of radius 500m. Its
speed is increasing at the rate of 2ms-1. Determine the value of its acceleration. (2 marks)
4. (a) The oscillations of loaded spring, simple pendulum are cases of simple harmonic

1
motion. Mention other three (3) cases of simple harmonic motion. (1 marks)
2
(b)Justify the statement that velocity and displacement of a body executing simple

π 1
harmonic motion are out of phase by radians (2 marks)
2 2
(c) (i) At what distance from mean position is kinetic energy be equal to potential energy
of a particle executing simple harmonic motion? (3 marks)
(ii) A body of mass 0.1 kg is executing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 0.1m,
when the particle passes through the mean position its kinetic energy is 0.008J. Write
down the equation to represent the motion if its initial phase of oscillation is 450
5. (a) (i) Define the following terms
Parking orbit and Escape velocity (1 marks)
1
(ii) Explain why one can jump high on the surface of the moon than on the earth (1
2
marks)
1
(b) (i) Why are space rockets usually launched from west to East ? (1 marks)
2
(ii) An artificial satellite revolving coplanar with the equator around the earth,
appears stationary to an observer on the earth. Calculate the height of the satellite above
earth’s surface (3 marks)
(c) A rocket is launched vertically upward from the surface of the earth with an initial
velocity of V0. Show that its velocity v at a height h is given by ,
2g h
V02 – V2 = (3 marks)
1+ h/ R
Where R is the radius of the earth and g is the acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s
surface.
6. (a) (i) Why is moment of inertia also called rotational inertia ? (1 marks)
 (ii) For a given mass and size, the moment of inertia of a solid disc is smaller than
that of a ring? Why? (2 marks)
(b) A solid uniform sphere of mass Ms and radius Rs and a solid uniform cylinder of
mass Mc and radius RC start from rest at the same point on an inclined plane. The two
roll down without slipping. Will they arrive at the bottom of the incline at the same
instant? (3 marks)
(c) A circular metal disc of mass 4kg and diameter 0.4m makes 10 revolution per second
about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane.
(i) What is the angular momentum about the same axis? (2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the torque which will increase the angular momentum
by 20% in 10 second. (2 marks)

7. (a) (i) List two advantages of using mercuryin glass thermometer (2 marks)
(ii) What is absolute zero temperature? How much it differ with temperature of triple
point of water (2 marks)
(b) (i) Tea gets cooled when sugar is added to it why? (2 mark)
(ii) When a current of 2A is passed through a coil of constant resistance 15Ω immersed
in 0.5kg 0f water at 0℃ in a vacuum fiask the temperature of water rises to 8℃ in 5
minutes. If instead the originally contained 0.25kg of ice and 0.25kg of water. What
current must be passed through the coil if the mixture is to be heated to the same
temperature in the same time (4 marks)
8. (a) (i) Distinguish between Adiabatic and Isothermal process. (2 marks)
(ii) The internal energy of a compressed gas is less than that of the rarified gas at the
same temperature. Why? (2 marks)
(b) (i) A heat engine with 100% efficiency is only a theoretical possibility. Explain. (2
marks)
(ii) A carnot engine absorbs 1000J of heat from a reservoir at 127℃ and rejects 600J
of heat during each cycle. Calculate
(i)The efficiency of the engine. (1 marks)
1
(ii) The temperature of the sink (1 marks)
2
 1
(iii) The amount of the useful work done during eachcycle. (1 marks)
2
9. (a) State kirchhoff’s law of electrical network (2 marks)
(b) Study the circuit in figure below and answer the questions that follow

Calculate
(i)The potential difference (p.d) between B and D
(ii) The potential difference (p.d) across the terminals each of the cells G and H (2
marks)
(C.) Give reasons for the following
(i) Wheat stone bridge is not suitable for measuring very low resistances? (2 marks)
(ii) How can you increase the sensitivity of a given potentiometer by using a
resistance box? (2 marks)
1
10. (a) (i) Mention three advantages of a.coverd.c (1 marks)
2
1
(ii) The power factor of an a,c circuit is 80% lagging. What does it mean? (1 marks)
2
(b) (i) A capacitor blocks d.c but allows a.c why? (2 marks)
(ii) A 10Ω resistor and 400μFF capacitor are connected in series to a 60V sinusoidal
supply. the circuit current is 5A, calculate the supply frequency and phase angle between
circuit current and supply voltage (2 marks)
 (c) A series R-L- C circuit consists of a 100Ωresistor, an inductor of 0.318H and a
capacitor of unknown value. When this circuit is energized by √ 2 x 230 sin 314 t volts
a.c supply, The current is found to be √ 2 x 2.3 sin 314 t . Find
(i) The value of capacitor in microfarad (2 marks)
(ii) Voltage across the inductor (1 marks)

11. (a) (i) Mention two (2) factor on which electrical conductivity of a pure semiconductor
at given temperature depend (2 marks)
(ii)Define the term ‘’ Breaking voltage’’ and ‘’knee voltage’’ (2 marks)
(b) Explain why in electronic Germanium and silicon are more preferred then other
semiconductor? (2 marks)
(c) A silicon diode at a temperature of 300k has a reverse saturation current of 10-2A. If
the diode is forward biased with a resulting current of 1mA. Determine the;
(i) Voltage across the diode (2 marks)
(ii) Resistance of the diode (2 marks)
12. (a) (i) Why is logic gate called so? (2 marks)
(ii) Give two (2) advantages of digital circuits over the analog circuits (2 marks)
(b) Identify the logic gates marked P and Q in the figure below, write down the output at
x for the inputs (i) A =0, B =0, and (ii) A =1, B = 1. (3 marks)

(c) Simplify the following Boolean expressions to a minimum number of literals;

1
(i) Y =A + Á B (1 marks)
2
1
(ii) Y = AB + Á C +BC (1 marks)
2
 13. (a) (i) What is carrier communication? (1 marks)
(ii) Why is carrier communication necessary for radio engineering? (2 marks)
(b) (i) Why is AM so inefficient? (1 marks)
(ii) The maximum peak –to – peak voltage of an AM wave is 16mv and the minimum
peak – to peak voltage is 4mv. Calculate the modulation factor.(2 marks)
(c) Consider an optical communication system operating at λ=800 nm.Suppose only 1%
of optical source frequency is the available channel band widthfor optical
communications. How many channels can be accommodated for transmitting?
(i) Audio signals required a bandwidth of 8 kHz (2 marks)
(ii) Video Tv signals requiring an approximate bandwidth of 4.5MHz (2 marks)
14. (a) (i) Define the term environment as applied on physical system (1 marks)
1
(ii) Mention three (3) parts of environment necessary for plant growth (01 marks)
2
(b) (i) What is mulching (1 marks)
1
(ii) Give thee (3) advantages of mulches (1 marks)
2
(c) (i)What are wind belts? Briefly explain how they are formed. (3 marks)
(ii) What are the positive effects of wind on plant growth? (2 marks)

PART D

1. (a) There are two understanding of diffraction, with the help of diagrams explain them.
(04)

(b) A diffraction grating has 500 lines mm, when used with monochromatic light of wavelength
6 x 10-7 m at normal incidence. At what angles will bright diffraction images be observed?
(04)

(c) A parallel beam of light, 500nm is directed normally at a single slit of width 0.15mm in a

darkened room. A screen is placed 1.5m from the single slit.

(i) Sketch the graph to show the intensity of light against the position across the screen.
(04)
 (ii) Calculate the width of the central bright. (04)

(d) A parallel beam containing two wavelengths 600nm and 602nm is incident on a diffraction
grating with 400 lines per mm. Calculate the angular separation of the first order spectrum of the
two wavelengths. (04)

2. (a) Why we don’t observe interference fringes when tube lights are on in our classrooms?
(05)

(b) Why does a small oil patch during sunny day, on the tarmac road appear colored?
(05)

(c) In a Young’s double slit experiment, the distance between the centre of interference pattern
and the tenth bright fringe on either side is 3.44cm and the distance between the slit and the
screen is 2m. If the wavelength of the wave used was 5.89 x 10-7m determine:

(i) Slit separation (05)

(ii) The path difference (05)

3. (a) Why do students need to study Newton’s rings? (05)

(b) With the use of diagram explain why plano-convex and monochromatic light are necessary
while conceptualizing the formation of Newton’s rings. (05)

(c) (i) Calculate the radius of curvature of a plano-convex lens used to produce Newton’s rings
with a flat glass plate if the diameter of the 10 th dark ring is 4.2mm, viewed by normally reflected
light of wavelength 5.2 x 107m (05)

(ii) What is the diameter of the 20th bright ring? (05)

4. An air wedge is formed using two phase plates in contact along one edge. At 5cm from
this contact the plates are separated by a piece of foil 20 x 10 -7m thick. Interference fringes of
spacing 0.5mm are observed using a monochromatic light. Calculate:

(i) the wedge angle (05)

(ii) the wavelength of light used (05)

(iii) the fringe spacing if red light of wavelength 0.64μm is used without changing the angle ofm is used without changing the angle of
wedge (05)

(b) Calculate the thickness of the foil if 30 th dark fringe is observed between the air wedge when
light of wavelength 6 x 10-7m is incident normally on the edge. (05)

5. (a) Why should students study Doppler effect? (05)

(b) A night guard whistle sound of frequency 1200Hz, directed to an approaching car at 48km/h.
What are the beats heard by the night guard between emitted sound and the reflected one from
the train. Velocity of sound in air 340m/s. (05)

(c) A farmer noticed that the pitch of an ambulance changes in the ratio of 3:2 on passing him.
What is the speed of the car? Velocity of sound in air is 340m/s. (05)

(d) The wavelength of a particular line emission of a distant star is measured as 600.80nm. The
true wavelength is 600nm.

(i) Show mathematically that the star moving away or towards the observer?

(ii) Calculate the speed of the star. (05)

PART E

1. (a) Errors are usually categorized as systematic and or random errors. Mention four types
of systematic errors. (04)

(b) What do you understand by the terms;

(i) precision . (04)

(ii) accuracy. (04)

1. (a) (i) Define the term’ dimensions of a physical quantity’. (04)

(ii) State the principle of homogeneity. (04)
 (b) From the basic principles derive the dimensions of
(i) Kinetic energy. (04)
(ii) Moment. (04)
(iii) Momentum. (04)

2. Prove whether or not the following formulae are dimensionally consistent:

(a) V = ut - ½ at2

Where; all symbols assume their usual meanings. (04)

(b) Power = Force x acceleration. (04)

(c) Pressure = ½ ρVV2 , Where; ρV is density and V is velocity. (04)

3. (a) When a pendulum bob is attached to a string and whirled in a vertical plane, the
tension in the string T, depends on its speed S, the diameter of the described circle D and
the mass of the bob M. By dimensional method, derive the formula for T. (04)

(b) Given that P = ABD-1C-1/2. If the percentage error in measurement of A,B, C, and D
are 1%, 3%, 4% and 2% respectively,
(i) What is the percentage error in P? (04)
(ii) If P = 3.7637 using the above formula. How would you round off the value of P? (04)

4. (a) A wire of length L = (6 ± 0.06)cm, radius R = (0.5 ± 0.005)cm and mass

M = (0.3 ± 0.03)g. Find the:
(i) Absolute error in its density. (04)
(ii) Relative error in Density. (04)
(iii) Percentage error in density. (04)
(iv) Experimental value of density in g/cm3 (04)
 (b) If V = π [ℓ(X2 – Y2)] / 4
Where V = volume of a cylinder,
Length ℓ = (40 ± 01)mm
External diameter X = (10 ± 0.2)mm
Internal diameter Y = ( 8 ± 0.2)mm
(i) Calculate the percentage error in V. (04)

(ii) What is the experimental value of V. (04

PART F

01. (a) (i) Write the equation of continuity of a fluid defining all the symbols. (02 Mark)

(ii) The velocity at a certain point in a flow pipe is 1m/s and the gauge pressure there is
3x103N/m2. The cross sectional area at point 10m above the first is half that at the first point. If
the flowing fluid is pure water, calculate the gauge pressure at the second point. (04 Mark)

(b) (i) Write down the Bernoulli’s equation for fluid flow in a pipe. Indicate the terms which
will disappear when the pipe is on the horizontal surface. (02 Mark)

(ii) Water flows into a tank of large cross-sectional area at a rate 10 -4m3/s but flows out
from a hole of area 1cm2 which has been punched at the base of the tank. How high does water
rise in the tank? (04 Marks)

(ii) At two points on a horizontal tube of varying circular cross-section carrying water. The
radii are 1cm and 0.4cm and the pressure difference between these two points is 4.9cm of water.
How much liquid flows through the tube per second? (04 Marks)

(c) (i) Write the formula for the viscous drag force on a sphere falling in a fluid. (01 Mark)

(ii) A horizontal tube consists of two parts joined together end to end. The length:radius of
the tubes are 100mm:1mm and 140mm:0.5mm respectively. When water of pressure 120mm of
water flows between the tube ends, What are the pressure difference across each of the
component tubes in ‘mm of water’. (03)
02. (a) (i) What is surface tension and how does surface tension vary with temperature? (01
Mark)

(ii) Define surface tension in terms of surface energy and calculate the change in surface
energy of a soap bubble when its radius decreases from 5cm to 1cm (03 marks)

(iii) A soap solution of surface tension S is used to form a film between a horizontal rod of
length L and a weightless inextensible thread attached to each end of the rod. A weight W is
attached to the mid point of the thread. Show that the tension in the thread is SL / (cosA – sinB);
where A is the angle made at the end of the rod and B is the angle at the centre due to the weight.
(04 marks)

(b) (i) Write down the equation of state of an ideal gas, defining all the symbols used. (01
Mark)

(ii) If the root square velocity of hydrogen molecule at 0 0C is 1840m/s, find the root mean
square velocity of the molecule at 1000C. (03 marks)

(c) A uniform steel wire of density 7800 kg/m 3 is 250cm long and weighs19g. When
stretched by a force of 80N, the wire lengthens by 1.2mm. Calculate

(i) the value of the Young’s modulus of a wire (04 Marks)

(ii) the energy per unit volume stored in a wire. (04 Marks)

03. (a) (i) What vibrates in the following types of wave motion? Light waves; Sound waves: X-
rays and Water waves. (04 Mark)

(ii) Two open pipes of length 50cm and 51cm give beat frequency of 6Hz when sounding
their fundamental note simultaneously. Neglecting end corrections, what value does this give
for the velocity of sound in air? (04 Marks)
 (b) A plane progressive wave on water surface is given by an equation; y = 2sin2π(100t - x/
30) where x is the distance covered in time t. y, x are measured in cm and t in seconds. Find

(i) the wave length and frequency of wave motion. (04 Marks)

(ii) the phase difference between two points on the water surface that are at 60cm apart. (04
Marks)

(c) A beam of monochromatic light of wave length 600nm in air passes into glass. Calculate;

(i) the speed of light in glass

(ii) the frequency of light
(iii) the wave length of light in glass (04 Marks)

04. (a) (i) Interference patterns are formed when using Young’s double slit arrangement.
Mention other three methods that can be used to form interference pattern. (02 Marks)

(ii) In Young’s double slit experiment the distance between the centre of interference
pattern and the tenth bright fringe on either side is 3.44cm and the distance between the slits and
screen is 2m. If the wave length of the light used was 5.89x10 -7m, determine slit separation and
the path difference (08 Mark)

(b) (i) What is the difference between refraction and diffraction as applied to waves. (01
Mark)

(ii) A parallel beam containing two wavelengths 600nm and 602nm is incident on a
diffraction grating with 400 lines per mm. Calculate the angular separation of the first order
spectrum of the two wavelengths (04 Marks)

(c) (i) What is Brewster angle? (01 Mark)

(ii) Part of the beam of light incident on a transparent rectangular glass prism of refractive
index 1.5 is refracted and the other is reflected. If the reflected ray undergoes maximum
polarization, determine the angle of refraction and the velocity of light beam in a glass. (04
Mark)
05. (a) (i) What is Doppler effect? (02 Marks)

(ii) A whistle sound of frequency 1200Hz was directed to an approaching train moving at
48 km/h. The whistle man then listened to the beats between the emitted sound and the reflected
from the train. What is the beat frequency detected by the whistle man? (04 Mark)

(b) (i) State Huygens principle (02 Mark)

(ii) Two trains moving along parallel trucks in the opposite direction whistled to each other
at frequency of 400Hz. If one train travels at 25m/s what must the speed of the other train so that
a stationery observer at their point of convergence hears 5 beats per second? (04 Marks)

(c) (i) The Doppler broadening of a spectral line is proportional to the root mean speed
(r.m.s) of the atoms emitting light. Which source has less Doppler broadening; a mercury lamp
at 300K or a krypton lamp at 77K? A mathematical treatment of your answer is required. (04
Mark)

(ii) The wavelength of a particular emission of distant star is measured at 600.80nm. The
true wavelength is 600nm. Is the star moving away or towards the observer? Calculate the
speed of the star. (04 Mark)

PART G

. (a) (i) Mention two main types of fluid flow. (01)

(ii) What is the difference between the types mentioned in (i) above? (02)

(b) With reference to fluid flow, define the following terms:

(i) An ideal fluid

(ii) Aerofoil lift

(iii) Viscous drag

(iv) Terminal velocity. (04)

(c) (i) State the law of mass continuity. (01)

 (ii) Water flows through a pipe of internal diameter 20cm at the speed of 2m/s. What should the
diameter of the nozzle be, if water is to emerge at the speed of 5m/s (04)

(iii) Water flows through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-sectional area at the rate of
10m3/min. Determine the velocity of water at a point where the radius of the pipe is 8cm.
(04)

(d) A submarine is 100m long. The shape of its hull is roughly cylindrical, with a radius of 15m.
When it is submerged it cruises in pure water at a speed of 20m/s. Is the flow of water around the
hull lamina or turbulent? (04)

2. (a) (i) State the statement of Bernoulli’s principle. (02)

(ii) Under which conditions does it apply? (02)

(iii) From the first principles derive Bernoulli’s equation. (04)

(b) In a horizontal pipe of uniform cross-sectional area, the pressure falls by 5N/m 2 between two
points separated by a distance of 1km. What is the change in kinetic energy per kilogram of the
oil flowing through these points. (04)

(c) Water enters a house through a pipe of internal diameter 2cm at an absolute pressure of
4x105Pa. The pipe leading to the second floor bathroom, 5m above is 1cm in diameter. When the
flow velocity at the inlet is 4m/s, find the flow velocity and pressure in the bathroom. (08)

3. (a) From the first principles, by the method of dimensions, derive Poiseulle’s formula.
(04)

(b) Water is conveyed through a horizontal tube of diameter 0.08m and length of 4km at a rate
of 20 litres per second. Assuming only viscous resistance, calculate the pressure difference
required to maintain the flow. (04)

(C) (i) Explain how can you determine the coefficient of viscosity of liquid glycerol in the
laboratory by using Stoke’s law. (Diagrams are necessary) (06)
(ii) A drop of water of radius 0.01mm is falling through a medium whose density is 1.21kg/m 3
and coefficient of viscosity of 1.8 x 10-5Ns/m2. Find the terminal velocity and viscous force on
the drop. (06)

4. (a) (i) Define the term surface tension. (02)

(ii) Derive an expression for the excess pressure on a soap bubble in air. (02)

(b) (i) Water rises to a height h inside a clean glass capillary tube of radius 0.3mm, when the
tube is placed vertically inside a beaker of water. Calculate h if the angle of contact is zero.
(04)

(ii) The tube is then pushed into water until 4cm of its length is above the surface. Calculate the
new angle of contact. (04)

(c) (i) A glass tube of length 10cm, height 1.54cm and width 0.2cm has a mass of 10g in air. It
is held in such a way that its long side is horizontal and the lower half under water. Find the
apparent weight of the plate. (04)

(ii) A film of water is formed between two straight parallel wires each of 10cm long at a
separation of 0.5cm. Calculate the work done to increase 1mm distance between the wires. (04)

5. (a) A cylindrical tank 2m in radius rests on a platform 5m high. Initially the tank is filled
with water to a height of 5m. A plug whose area is 0.0001m 2 is removed from a hole on the side
of the tank at the bottom. Calculate:

(i) Initial speed with which water flows from the hole. (04)

(ii) Initial speed with which water strikes the ground. (04)

(b) A special detergent film is on a rectangular wire film of size 3cm by 4cm. If the size of the
film is changed to 2cm by 5cm isothermally,

(i) Calculate the work done in the process. (04)

(ii) How much work is required to form a bubble of 4cm in diameter from this solution?
(04)

(c) Calculate the percentage increase in length of a cable wire of diameter 2.2mm stretched by a
load of 100kg, if its young’s modulus is 1.24x1011N/m2. (04)

ALL THE BEST

MAY GOD PROTECT YOU FROM CORONA VIRUS