Danielle Audrey G.
Ban BSN II December 14, 2020
ASSIGNMENT 7A Nutrition across the Lifespan
1. Why is breakfast an important meal? List the foods which are included in
breakfast in your place. What nutrients do they provide? What modification could
you make to improve it?
Breakfast is also referred to as the most important meal of the day as breakfast cuts
from the fasting time of the night. It replenishes your glucose supply to raise your
energy levels and alertness, while also supplying other vital nutrients needed for
healthy health. Numerous studies have proven the health effects of consuming
breakfast. It increases the energy level and ability to focus in the short term and can
assist with improved weight loss, decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart failure in
the long term.
Breakfast Nutrients Modifications
Hotsilog Carbohydrates, fats, Hotsilog, Papaya, &
sodium and protein Vitamin-C Smoothie
(spinach, apple, lemon,
orange, ginger, and fresh
mint).
Champorado Carbohydrate, proteim, fat, Champorado, Red grapes,
and dietary fiber & Vitamin-C Smoothie
(spinach, apple, lemon,
orange, ginger, and fresh
mint).
Arroz caldo Sodium, potassium, Arroz caldo, Apple, &
carbohydrate, protein, Cucumber cooler
zinc, selenium, riboflavin (cucumber, cantaloupe,
and niacin celery, lemon).
Lugaw Carbohydrates, fat, and Lugaw, Avocado, &
protein. Vitamin-C Smoothie
(spinach, apple, lemon,
orange, ginger, and fresh
mint).
Tocino Fat and protein Tocino, Rice, & Grapefruit
Torta Carbohydrate, fat, protein Torta, Banana, &
Vitamin-C Smoothie
(spinach, apple, lemon,
orange, ginger, and fresh
mint).
2. Why is special emphasis laid on nutrition during pregnancy? Plan supplementary
foods to meet the additional needs of pregnancy during the last trimester.
The maternal diet must provide sufficient energy and nutrients to meet the usual
requirements of the mother, as well as the needs of the growing fetus, and allow the
mother to store the nutrients needed for fetal development as well as for lactation. The
baby will quickly gain weight during the third trimester, and parts of the body will
continue to form. Eyes open, nails form, and hair grows, to name just a few of the
things that go on, which is why food choices are very important to the child's health.
Building blocks of food and snacks should include fruit, vegetables, protein, whole
grains, healthy fats and oils, and low-fat or fat-free pasteurized milk.
Supplement Purpose Food Sources
Vitamin A Helps your baby’s bones Fish,dairy products,
grow. It also supports their carrots, cantaloupe,
skin and vision. Your spinach, sweet potatoes,
baby’s eyes open and start fortified cereals
to detect light in the third
trimester.
Vitamin C Helps your body take in Citrus fruits like oranges,
iron. It also helps make tangerines, and grapefruit.
your baby's teeth, gums, kiwi, strawberries,
and bones healthy. Your tomatoes, red and green
immune system needs it, peppers, broccoli
too.
Vitamin B6 An important nutrient for Bananas, poultry, beef,
the development of red fish, organ meats, like
blood cells and your liver and tongue, starchy
baby’s brain. vegetables like potatoes,
whole-grain cereals
Vitamin B12 Keeps the nervous system Beef liver, fish, poultry,
strong and helps build red dairy products, eggs,
blood cells. fortified foods
Vitamin D Helps you and your baby Fatty fish like salmon,
take in calcium. That helps fortified foods like
strengthen the bones and breakfast cereal and milk,
teeth of both you and your egg yolks, cheese, beef
baby. liver
Calcium Forms bones and teeth, Dairy products, broccoli,
which is important during kale, fortified foods,
the third trimester, since canned anchovies or
your baby’s bones are sardines with the bones
getting harder.
REFERENCE:
Bhargava, H. (2020). Foods to Eat During Your Third Trimester. Retrieved December
14, 2020 from t.ly/UexW
3. Discuss other problems encountered during pregnancy. How will you help a
pregnant woman to overcome these.
Problems Interventions
Heartburn is caused by hormonal and Avoid foods that upset your stomach and
physical changes that your body eat smaller but more frequent meals with
undergoes during pregnancy. plenty of water in between. Try to sleep
propped up instead of flat and to have
your last meal at least three hours before
you go to sleep.
Most pregnant women become Add more fruits, whole grains, vegetables
constipated due to the hormonal changes and any other foods that are rich in fibre
that make your digestion much slower. to your diet. Drink lots of water and if
you still feel a lot of discomfort despite
this, talk to your doctor. Do not take any
medication on your own as some of them
may cause contractions.
Morning sickness is one of the early Drink lots of water and make sure to
pregnancy problems and is something drink some half an hour before and after
that, ironically enough, can happen at any meals. Also, get lots of rest. Avoid
time of the day. drinking anything during meals.
With all bloating, leg cramps and a Before bed, try getting yourself into a
constant need to pee, it’s no wonder that soothing routine, such as taking a warm
pregnant women have trouble sleeping. bath and enjoying a relaxing skincare
Around 8 out of 10 women experience routine. Sometimes listening to calming
insomnia during pregnancy. music and reading a good book can also
help you fall asleep peacefully.Exercising
daily will be very helpful for you as it
will help tire you out. Just make sure you
do not exercise immediately before bed
as this can actually keep you awake rather
than help you fall asleep.
Hormonal changes during pregnancy The best way to deal with them is to
cause a lot of unnecessary problems for avoid them as best you can by eating
you, but in the case of migraines. well, resting well and drinking a lot of
water. Many migraine medications have
been linked to birth defects in babies and
so it is best to avoid any medications
altogether and focus more on prevention.
The type of urinary incontinence imed voiding, where you keep a track of
experienced by pregnant women is your leakage and time your bathroom
usually Stress Incontinence, something visits accordingly, and bladder training,
that is caused due to increased pressure where you stretch out the time by waiting
on the bladder. at least 15 minutes before relieving
yourself, are two ways in which you can
get treatment for this condition. Neither
of these causes any side effects and is
simply meant to help you get more
control over your bladder. Kegel
exercises are another way to help in
controlling urinary incontinence as they
help to strengthen and tighten the muscles
in the pelvic floor.
Hypertension, this is a serious problem Make sure that you are on a healthy diet
for some women. and that you are getting ample exercise. It
will be beneficial to indulge in some
stress-busting activities, be it reading a
book or taking a walk, as stress can have
an impact on your blood pressure. Speak
to your doctor about how much weight is
healthy to gain at different stages of
pregnancy. Keeping a check on your
weight is important as obesity is a major
cause of hypertension. If you need to take
medication, have a talk with your doctor
about the safe medications to use as many
blood pressure medications can be passed
through the blood to your baby.
REFERENCE:
Khan, A. (2018). 21 Common Pregnancy Problems and Their Solutions. Retrieved
December 14, 2020 from t.ly/1SZ2
4. List the advantages of breast-feeding.
ADVANTAGE FOR BABY
Stronger immune systems
Less diarrhea, constipation, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux, and
preterm necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Fewer colds and respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV) and whooping cough
Fewer ear infections, especially those that damage hearing
Fewer case of bacterial meningitis
Better vision and less retinopathy of prematurity
Lower rates of infant mortality
Lower rates of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Less illness overall and less hospitalization
Parents have up to six times less absenteeism from work
Breast milk provides abundant and easily absorbed nutritional components,
antioxidants, enzymes, immune properties, and live antibodies from mother.
Fewer instances of allergies, eczema, and asthma
Fewer childhood cancers, including leukemia and lymphomas
Lower risk of type I and II diabetes
Fewer instances of Crohn’s disease and colitis
Lower rates of respiratory illness
Fewer speech and orthodontic problems
Fewer cavities
Less likelihood of becoming obese later in childhood
Improved brain maturation
Greater immunity to infection
ADVANTAGES FOR MOTHER
Promotes faster weight loss after birth, burning about 500 extra calories a day
to build and maintain a milk supply.
Stimulates the uterus to contract and return to normal size.
Less postpartum bleeding
Fewer urinary tract infections
Less chance of anemia
Less risk of postpartum depression and more positive mood
Lower risk of breast cancer
Lower risk of ovarian cancer
Lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
Less endometriosis
Less osteoporosis with age
Less diabetes
Less hypertension decreases blood pressure
Less cardiovascular disease
5. What role does nutrition play in the aging process, and what role can it play in
slowing aging?
Nutrition can play a key role in ensuring healthy aging, with a bi-directional and
dynamic relationship. Physiological and socio-cultural changes associated with aging
can affect nutritional status, with nutritional deficits common to the elderly and
especially prominent in institutional and home care environments. Sensory deficiency,
impaired oral hygiene, loss of mobility, and psychosocial changes such as poor
finances and improved insulation may have a significant effect on food consumption,
whereas reduced gastric acid secretion can have an impact on nutritional absorption.
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass, and function with aging is a major contributor to
injury, affecting QoL and independence. After about 30 years of age, an average of
3-5 percent of muscle mass is lost every decade, with the rate of loss increasing after
age, resulting in around 1 in 20 in this age group suffering from sarcopenia. Nutrition
and lifestyle interventions can encourage healthier aging and reduce the likelihood of
non-communicable diseases.
6. Is hypertension a concern for children and adolescents? How will nutrition
address this issues?
Dietary habits in children and adolescents influence their risk of a variety of health
issues, including obesity, iron deficiency, and dental caries. The inadequate diet also
decreases susceptibility to infectious diseases and can adversely affect the capacity to
perform at the height of mental and physical ability. Obesity in children and teenagers
is associated with a variety of acute health hazards, such as elevated blood pressure,
type 2 diabetes, metabolic disease, sleep disorders, orthopedic issues, and
psychosocial problems. In children and teenagers, different nutritional factors have
been linked with blood pressure levels. Possible contributors to elevated blood
pressure include sodium consumption and added sugars. Increased consumption of
fruit, vegetables, and dairy products has been linked with lower blood pressure levels
in children.These five dietary elements are also aligned with the Dietary Approaches
to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which encourages meeting the minimum daily
intakes of eight food classes, primarily grains, berries, vegetables, low-fat milk, beef,
nuts, beans, legumes, oils and desserts, as well as restricting food intakes high in
saturated fat, sodium and added sugars. Correspondingly, the European Hypertension
Society advises that children eat at least two portions of fruit and vegetables a day to
minimize the incidence of hypertension. According to the most recent study, dietary
changes associated with the DASH diet and improved physical exercise tend to be the
most successful way to control infant hypertension lifestyles.
7. Explain the purpose and reason of feeding babies on pure breastmilk up to 6
months. Why no water intake?
The International guidelines suggest exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months
based on empirical proof of the effects of child survival, growth, and development.
Breast milk supplies all the calories and nutrients that the infant requires in the first
six months. Exclusive breastfeeding prevents newborn mortality related to common
childhood diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia, speeds up healing after sickness,
and assists in spacing births.
8. How does nutrition in school help school age children? What foods would you
recommend and why?
Maintaining a healthy diet and daily exercise is vital for all individuals particularly
school-aged children, as they are expected to consume a variety of foods from each
food group to ensure an adequate intake of all vitamins and minerals. Adequate
nutrition for school-aged children will also ensure that they thrive to their full
potential and provide the basis for a healthier life. An optimal diet means eating three
meals a day and two healthy snacks, as well as limiting the consumption of high sugar
and high-fat foods. Many medical conditions will also be avoided by eating generous
doses of fruit, vegetables, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products, including three
servings of milk, cheese, or yogurt to satisfy their calcium needs. School-aged
children are also advised to eat breakfast every day to help sustain focus in the
classroom. A healthy breakfast should be able to supply one-third of the overall daily
energy demand. Typical breakfast contains cereal such as rice, bread, and beans,
protein-based foods such as eggs, a glass of milk, and vitamin C rich fruit such as
orange and papaya. Moreover, swift night and morning among school children had
adverse effects on memory and attention. Empirical data from studies into the impact
of breakfast on cognition suggests that skipping breakfast, particularly for younger
children, may have detrimental effects on both the general level of energy and
cognition of school children. Skipping breakfast could also lead to overweight, weak
bones, and diabetes.
