BioL
477
Immunology
Lab
Biology
477
Lab
Manual
Spring
2016
Dr.
Julie
Jameson
BioL
477
SOLUTIONS
AND
UNITS
OF
MEASURE
IN
BIOLOGY
I.
Units
of
Measure
Length
meter
=
m
=
39.37
inches
centimeter
=
cm
=
0.39
inches
or
0.01
m
millimeter
=
mm
=
0.04
inches
or
0.001
m
micrometer
=
µm
=
one-‐millionth
of
a
meter
or
10-‐6
m
nanometer
=
nm
=
one-‐billionth
of
a
meter
or
10-‐9
m
angstrom
=
Å
=
0.1
nm
or
10-‐10
m
a
prokaryotic
cell
=
1-‐10
µm
in
diameter
a
eukaryotic
cell
=
10-‐100
µm
in
diameter
large
organelles
such
as
nuclei,
mitochondria,
chloroplasts
=
1-‐5
µm
in
diameter
small
organelles
=
0.2-‐1.0
µm
in
diameter
ribosome
=
25
nm
in
diameter
membranes
=
7-‐10
nm
thick
actin
microfilament
=
7
nm
in
diameter
DNA
helix
=
2
nm
in
diameter
Since
the
resolution
of
the
light
microscope
is
about
0.25
µm,
only
whole
cells
and
large
organelles
may
be
observed,
even
under
the
best
conditions.
Mass
gram
=
g
=
0.002
pounds
milligram
=
mg
=
.001
g
microgram
=
μg
=
one-‐millionth
of
a
gram
or
10-‐6
g
nanogram
=
ng
=
one-‐billionth
of
a
gram
or
10-‐9
g
picogram
=
pg
=
one-‐trillionth
of
a
gram
or
10-‐12
g
C.
Volume
liter
=
l
=
0.908
quarts;
volume
of
one
kilogram
of
water
at
4°
C
milliliter
=
ml
=
0.001
l,
the
volume
contained
in
a
cube
with
sides
of
1
cm;
one
ml
of
water
weights
1
g
at
4°
C
microliter
(µl)
=
one-‐millionth
of
a
liter
or
10-‐6
liter;
one
microliter
of
water
weighs
one
μg
BioL
477
January
29,
2016
1.
Safety
Training
2.
Introduction
to
Immunological
Techniques
Cell
culture
ELISA
Flow
cytometry
Histology
Magnetic
cell
sorting
3.
Lab
Notebooks
5
points
per
week
for
a
total
of
65
points
Must
have
in
lab
notebook:
Purpose,
Materials/Methods
from
the
lab
we
are
going
to
do
and
Results/Data,
Discussion
of
data
for
the
lab
we
previously
did.
4.
Lab
Reports
There
will
be
three
lab
reports.
Each
is
due
after
a
key
methods
section.
Reports
will
be
required
to
have
a
title,
and
either:
(lab
report
1)
Methods
and
Materials
used
(detailed
with
WHY
each
step
is
taken),
(lab
report
2)
Results
(Figures
and
figure
legends
will
be
explained),
(lab
report
3)
Discussion
(put
the
data
into
context
of
the
field
of
immunology).
All
three
reports
will
need
a
BioL
477
bibliography
with
at
least
5
primary
research
articles
referenced.
You
will
be
required
to
use
your
own
words
in
all
written
sections,
plagiarism
will
not
be
tolerated.
5.
Plagiarism
Policy:
Students
are
responsible
for
honest
completion
and
representation
of
their
work.
Plagiarism
will
not
be
tolerated
in
any
of
the
projects.
Any
evidence
of
cheating
(including
plagiarism,
i.e.
presenting
the
words
or
ideas
of
others
as
your
own,
cutting
and
pasting
phrases
from
the
internet,
copying
or
modifying
someone
else’s
work)
will
result
in
a
failing
grade
for
that
assignment
and
possibly
a
failing
grade
for
the
semester
for
the
course.
There
will
be
zero
tolerance
for
infractions.
The
instructor
reserves
the
right
to
discipline
any
student
for
academic
dishonesty
and
plagiarism,
in
accordance
with
the
general
rules
and
regulations
of
the
university.
Please
see
me
if
you
have
any
questions
about
what
exactly
constitutes
plagiarism.
The
writing
center
is
available
to
help
any
students
struggling
with
the
art
of
scientific
writing.
In
addition,
I
am
holding
a
scientific
writing
group
on
Wed
at
noon
in
the
library
to
give
one-‐on-‐one
advice.
6.
Methods
Presentations
Worth
85
points
(first
15
minutes
of
class)
includes:
1.
What
we
will
be
doing
for
this
assay
(describe
the
methods
with
an
emphasis
on
why).
2.
Scientific
principles
of
the
assay
(how
does
it
work
scientifically?)
3.
Uses
of
the
assay
in
immunology
(past
and
present).
4.
An
example
of
current
published
research
that
has
used
this
method
(show
a
figure
from
the
paper
and
explain
what
the
results
mean).
Any
video
content
should
be
less
than
30
seconds
or
created
by
the
group.
7.
Pipet
aid
training
Using
a
pipet
aid
can
be
frustrating
at
first
since
it
is
easy
to
accidentally
suck
media
up
in
to
the
filter
at
the
top
of
the
pipet.
This
can
destroy
the
pipet
aid
and
thus
we
will
practice
performing
the
measurement
of
liquid
with
pipet
aids.
1.
Hold
the
pipet
at
the
end
(never
touch
the
tip
that
goes
into
the
liquid),
pop
the
end
out
of
the
paper
(if
this
is
a
sterile,
paper-‐covered
pipet).
2.
Place
the
end
of
the
pipet
into
the
pipet
aid
securely.
Push
hard
enough
that
it
fits
tight,
but
do
not
overly
shove
it
in.
3.
Place
the
tip
of
the
pipet
into
the
liquid
and
gently
push
on
the
top
button
with
your
index
finger.
Start
very
gently
and
then
slowly
increase
pressure
until
you
BioL
477
reach
the
desired
volume.
If
you
get
too
much
liquid,
gently
push
the
bottom
button
with
your
middle
finger
to
push
liquid
out
of
the
pipet.
4.
Move
the
pipet
tip
to
the
desired
vessel
to
move
the
liquid
(i.e.
another
empty
tube).
Gently
push
the
bottom
button
to
release
the
liquid
from
the
pipet.
5.
Practice
measuring
liquids
with
a
variety
of
pipets.
For
your
purposes
in
this
class:
Use
the
5
ml
pipet
for
liquid
volumes
of
4
ml
or
less.
The
10
ml
pipet
for
liquid
volumes
from
9
ml
to
4
ml.
The
25
ml
pipet
for
liquids
from
24
ml
to
9
ml.
1.
Pipet
3
ml,
6
ml,
9
ml,
12
ml,
15
ml
and
18
ml
of
liquid.
Move
the
water
from
a
50
ml
tube
to
a
fresh
15
or
50
ml
tube
and
verify
the
volume
you
moved.
Let
the
professor
know
immediately
if
the
filter
at
the
top
of
the
pipet
becomes
wet
due
to
overpipeting.
2.
Practice
until
you
are
confident
in
your
ability
to
pipet
the
liquid.
8.
Rules
in
the
Tissue
Culture
Room
9.
Design
Experiments
for
Part
1
Key
aspects
of
design
(Cell
number,
Cell
type,
Read-‐out,
Methods
Used)
Lab
math
In
vivo
versus
In
vitro
studies
Clinical
research
BioL
477
February
5,
2016
1.
Introduction
to
Cell
Culture
Techniques
(Watch
Video
from
link
below)
The
ability
to
culture
cells
outside
the
natural
environment
(i.e.
from
an
animal
or
plant)
has
been
named
one
of
“medicine’s
ten
great
discoveries”.
One
of
the
first
biology
courses
in
the
US
was
taught
at
Yale’s
Sheffield
Scientific
School
in
1870.
Ross
Harrison
was
recruited
to
start
a
new
zoology
department
there
in
1907.
Dr.
Harrison
had
been
studying
how
to
culture
amphibian
embryo
neural
tube
fragments
using
tissue
culture
techniques
and
his
data
were
published
over
the
next
three
years
elucidating
the
principles
of
short-‐term
cell
culture
(Harrison,
1910).
His
initial
breakthrough
occurred
when
he
added
the
cells
to
fresh
frog
lymph
and
used
a
hanging
drop
technique
for
culture
(see
below).
Primary
Cell
Cultures:
Cells
cultured
directly
from
an
animal
or
plant.
Many
cell
types
only
survive
a
set
number
of
divisions
before
undergoing
senescence
or
losing
the
ability
to
proliferate.
Cell
Lines:
When
primary
cells
are
subcultured,
or
transferred
in
small
numbers
to
a
new
vessel
to
continue
proliferation,
they
are
called
a
cell
line.
Some
cell
lines
undergo
senescence,
while
others
undergo
transformation,
either
spontaneously
or
induced,
and
become
immortal
(i.e.
HeLa,
A20
B
cell
lymphoma).
When
subcultured
cells
are
further
selected
and
propagated
they
are
called
a
cell
strain,
which
may
have
undergone
a
variety
of
genetic
changes
distinguishing
it
from
the
primary
cell
culture.
Growth
Characteristics:
Suspension
Cells:
grow
without
attaching
to
the
flask
or
culture
vessel.
Adherent
Cells:
attach
to
the
surface
of
the
flask
creating
a
monolayer.
General
Cell
Culture
Conditions:
Each
cell
type
has
unique
requirements
for
culture
in
vitro,
however
several
variables
are
generally
consistent.
1. Media
(solid
or
liquid)-‐
includes
amino
acids,
vitamins,
minerals,
carbohydrates
for
survival
2. Growth
Factors
3. Hormones
BioL
477
4. Gases
5. A
stable
environment
with
constant
physiological
temperature,
pH,
and
osmotic
pressure
6. Antibiotics
Sterile
Technique
Dirt,
dust,
spores,
bacteria
live
on
surfaces
and
in
the
air.
To
keep
cell
cultures
from
becoming
contaminated
it
is
important
to
follow
rules
of
sterility.
1. Keep
the
working
space
clear.
Only
have
necessary
bottles,
pipets
and
containers
in
the
biosafety
hood
when
working
with
cells.
2. Keep
surfaces
clean.
Wipe
everything
down
with
70%
EtOH:
bottles
(prior
to
entering
biosafety
hood),
surfaces
in
the
hood,
your
gloves,
and
pipets.
3. Only
use
“sterile”
media
and
reagents.
A
solution
is
only
considered
sterile
if
it
has
never
been
opened
outside
the
hood.
Pipets
and
pipet-‐tip
boxes
must
only
be
opened
in
the
biosafety
cabinet.
4. Minimize
hand
motion,
especially
over
any
open
tubes,
bottles,
flasks
or
plates.
Place
everything
in
an
easy
to
reach
and
maneuver
spot.
5. Prepare
well
prior
to
beginning
in
order
to
have
everything
needed
for
your
cell
culture
work.
6. If
you
need
to
put
a
sterile
cap
down,
put
it
down
face
up.
7. Wear
gloves
to
protect
your
cells
from
you
and
you
from
your
cells!
We
will
be
using
a
Class
II
Biosafety
Cabinet,
which
creates
a
barrier
between
the
sterile
environment
and
the
outside
air
by
using
HEPA
filtered
air.
Movement
of
arms
in
and
out
of
the
cabinet
breaks
the
air
curtain
disturbing
the
flow.
Therefore,
do
not
block
the
airflow
and
work
at
least
6
inches
inside
of
the
hood.
Signs
of
Contamination:
Watch
the
media
for
dramatic
changes
in
color.
The
pH
indicator
will
turn
yellow
when
acidic
or
purple
for
alkaline.
If
media
becomes
yellow,
the
culture
is
overgrown
or
contaminated.
Purple
indicates
dead
cells
or
no
growth.
Similarly
cloudy
media
suggests
contamination
or
overgrowth.
If
adherent
cells
come
off
from
the
flask
or
if
suspension
cells
clump
up,
contamination
is
also
possible.
Observe
cells
at
a
higher
magnification,
bacteria
will
appear
in
the
cytoplasm
or
media
as
small
moving
columnar
objects.
Videos:
http://media.invitrogen.com.edgesuite.net/Cell-‐
Culture/videos/CellCultureBasics.html?CID=ccbvid1
References:
http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/References/gibco-‐cell-‐culture-‐
basics/introduction-‐to-‐cell-‐culture.html
Harrison,
R.
(1910)
The
outgrowth
of
the
nerve
fiber
as
a
mode
of
protoplasmic
movement.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
9:787-‐846.
BioL
477
2.
MAKE
MEDIA
We
will
prepare
two
kinds
of
media
for
the
cells
we
are
growing
this
semester.
10%
FCS
in
DMEM
and
10%
FCS
in
RPMI
1.
First
squirt
all
materials
with
70%
ethanol
prior
to
putting
them
in
the
hood.
Lightly
loosen
any
caps
within
the
hood
of
liquids
that
you
will
be
moving.
2.
Using
the
50
ml
conical
tube
to
hold
your
media
add
each
of
the
following
to
both
your
40
ml
of
DMEM
and
your
40
ml
of
RPMI:
4
ml
of
FCS
.5
ml
Pen/Strep/Glu
.5
ml
nonessential
amino
acids
.5
ml
sodium
pyruvate
1.25
ml
Hepes
40ul
of
β-‐2me
(this
is
a
stinky,
and
nasty
chemical,
add
quickly
and
shut
the
tube,
wash
the
pipet
tip
in
the
media
you
add
it
to)
3.
Label
your
tubes
well!!
How
do
we
label
tubes?
With
group
name,
date,
and
what
has
been
added
to
the
tube.
3.
THAW
CELLS
FOR
GROWING
(this
will
be
done
prior
to
class)
To
thaw
cells
you
have
to
act
quickly.
The
cells
have
been
frozen
in
DMSO
which
is
toxic
to
them
once
they
thaw
out
in
the
media.
The
cells
will
be
thawed
using
a
37C
water
bath.
Once
the
tube
has
only
one
small
piece
of
ice
left
immediately
squirt
with
ethanol
and
place
it
in
the
biosafety
hood.
1. Remove
the
liquid
from
the
vial
and
place
it
in
10
ml
of
10%
DMEM
in
a
15
ml
conical
tube
(it
is
best
to
already
have
the
10
ml
of
10%
DMEM
in
the
tube
you
are
transferring
to).
2. Spin
the
cells
down
into
a
pellet
using
a
table
top
centrifuge
at
1250
RPM
for
5
minutes
(this
is
a
typical
“wash”
for
cells).
3. The
cell
pellet
will
be
at
the
bottom
of
the
tube
while
the
supernatant
is
the
liquid
above
that.
4. Inside
the
biosafety
hood
remove
and
dispose
of
the
supernatant
by
putting
the
supernatant
in
the
liquid
waste.
5. Add
10
ml
of
fresh
10%
DMEM
to
the
cell
pellet,
put
on
the
cap
and
disrupt
the
pellet
using
a
vortex.
BioL
477
6. After
vortexing
remove
1
ml
of
the
well
mixed
cell
suspension
and
put
it
in
a
15
ml
conical
tube
(this
will
be
taken
to
the
lab
for
counting
at
your
lab
bench).
7. Wash
the
cells
in
10ml
of
10%
DMEM
using
centrifugation
again
(as
in
step
2).
8. Remove
supernatant
and
place
the
cells
in
10
ml
of
fresh
10%
DMEM.
Resuspend
the
cells
using
the
vortex
and
move
the
cells
and
media
into
a
T25
flask
with
filter.
9. Label
the
flask
well.
4.
COUNTING
AND
SEEDING
CELLS
Prepared
back
at
your
bench
and
viewed
in
microscope.
Once
the
cells
are
in
trypan
blue
you
must
count
quickly
since
they
will
eventually
all
die
and
take
up
the
trypan
blue.
1. Dilute
10ul
of
your
cell
sample
into
40
ul
trypan
blue
working
solution.
This
is
a
__:__
dilution.
2. Clean
the
coverslip
and
hemocytometer
with
ethanol.
Let
it
dry.
Place
the
coverslip
on
the
hemocytometer.
3. Take
all
50
ul
of
the
cell
sample
+
trypan
blue
solution
into
the
pipetman
and
allow
about
20
ul
to
be
taken
under
the
slide
on
each
side
using
capillary
action.
4. Immediately
place
the
hemocytometer
on
the
stage
of
the
microscope
and
locate
the
grids
at
low
power.
5. Count
cells
within
one
large
grid
(“A”
with
16
very
small
squares).
It
is
easiest
to
move
to
one
of
the
corner
grids
(i.e.
A,
B,
C
or
D)
and
increase
the
magnification
of
the
microscope
so
the
grid
takes
up
the
entire
space.
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477
6. Count
the
viable
(not
blue)
cells
in
the
upper
left
1-‐mm
square
grid
(“A”
with
16
very
small
squares).
Repeat
with
each
corner
grid
“B”,
“C”,
and
“D”
so
that
you
have
four
numbers.
Average
the
numbers.
7. Do
the
same
but
only
count
dead
(blue)
cells.
8. Calculate
the
number
of
viable
cells
per
ml
using
the
formula:
Average
#
of
cells
in
one
grid
x
10,000
x
dilution
factor
=
#
of
cells/ml
9. Calculate
the
percentage
of
viable
cells
by
dividing
the
viable
cells
in
one
grid
by
the
viable
+
dead
cells
in
one
grid
(total
cells)
and
multiply
by
100.
10. 80%
viability
or
less
suggests
cells
are
not
healthy.
11.
How
many
cells
do
you
have
per
ml?
12.
How
many
ml
are
left
in
your
cell
culture?
13. Thus,
how
many
cells
are
now
in
your
flask?
BioL
477
February
12,
2016
Harvest
Cells,
Count
Cells,
Activate
Cells,
and
Harvest
Supernatant
Harvest
Cells
in
Biosafety
Cabinet
1.
Cells
will
be
removed
from
the
T25
flask
by
scraping
with
a
cell
scraper.
2.
Place
cells
and
media
in
a
15
ml
conical
tube.
Vortex
well.
3.
Count
cells.
4.
Place
1x105
cells/well
in
6
wells
of
a
96-‐well
flat
bottom
plate
in
200ul
of
10%
RPMI.
5.
Add
LPS
(1ug/ml)
to
the
experimental
wells
(3
wells)
and
No
LPS
to
the
control
wells
(3
wells).
6.
Incubate
at
37C
for
48-‐72
hours.
7.
Identify
students
who
would
like
to
come
and
harvest
the
supernatant
and
freeze
in
the
-‐80C.
8.
To
harvest
supernatant,
use
a
p200
pipet
to
remove
the
top
100ul
of
supernatant
only
(leaving
the
cells).
Place
into
a
96
well
plate
(well
labeled).
Seal
plate
with
parafilm
and
freeze
the
plate
in
the
-‐80C.
BioL
477
February
19,
2016
Perform
ELISA
on
Supernatants
from
Last
Week
TNF-‐a
ELISA
1.
(TNF
ELISA
READY
SET
GO,
eBiosciences)
Coat
ELISA
plate
with
100
μL/well
of
capture
antibody
in
Coating
Buffer
(dilute
as
noted
on
C
of
A,
which
is
included
with
the
reagent
set).
Seal
the
plate
and
incubate
overnight
at
4°C.
2.
Aspirate
wells
and
wash
3
times
with
>250
μL/well
Wash
Buffer*.
Allowing
time
for
soaking
(~
1
minute)
during
each
wash
step
increases
the
effectiveness
of
the
washes.
Blot
plate
on
absorbent
paper
to
remove
any
residual
buffer.
3.
Dilute
1
part
5X
concentrated
Assay
Diluent
with
4
parts
DI
water.*
Block
wells
with
200
μL/well
of
1X
Assay
Diluent.
Incubate
at
room
temperature
for
1
hour.
4.
Optional:
Aspirate
and
wash
at
least
once
with
Wash
Buffer.
5.
Using
1X
Assay
Diluent*,
dilute
standards
as
noted
on
the
C
of
A
to
prepare
the
top
concentration
of
the
standard.
Add
100
μL/well
of
top
standard
concentration
to
the
appropriate
wells.
Perform
2-‐fold
serial
dilutions
of
the
top
standards
to
make
the
standard
curveor
a
total
of
8
points.
Add
100
μL/well
of
your
samples
to
the
appropriate
wells.
Seal
the
plate
and
incubate
at
room
temperature
for
2
hours
(or
overnight
at
4°C
for
maximal
sensitivity).
6.
Aspirate/wash
as
in
step
2.
Repeat
for
a
total
of
3-‐5
washes
**.
7.
Add
100
μL/well
of
detection
antibody
diluted
in
1X
Assay
Diluent*
(dilute
as
noted
on
C
of
A).
Seal
the
plate
and
incubate
at
room
temperature
for
1
hour.
8.
Aspirate/wash
as
in
step
2.
Repeat
for
a
total
of
3-‐5
washes
**.
9.
Add
100
μL/well
of
Avidin-‐HRP*
diluted
in
1X
Assay
Diluent
(dilute
as
noted
on
C
of
A).
Seal
the
plate
and
incubate
at
room
temperature
for
30
minutes.
10.
Aspirate
and
wash
as
in
step
2.
In
this
wash
step,
soak
wells
in
Wash
Buffer*
for
1
to
2
minutes
prior
to
aspiration.
Repeat
for
a
total
of
5-‐7
washes
**.
11.
Add
100
μL/well
of
Substrate
Solution
to
each
well.
Incubate
plate
at
room
temperature
for
15
minutes.
12.
Add
50
μL
of
Stop
Solution
to
each
well.
13.
Read
plate
at
450
nm.
If
wavelength
subtraction
is
available,
subtract
the
values
of
570
nm
from
those
of
450
nm
and
analyze
data.
BioL
477
February
26,
2016
Analyze
Data
from
Last
Week
See:
http://www.abcam.com/protocols/calculating-‐and-‐evaluating-‐elisa-‐data
AND
for
help
on
using
Excel:
http://encorbio.com/protocols/ELISA-‐Excel.htm
BioL
477
March
4,
2016
Making
a
Single
Cell
Suspension
from
Spleen
and
Thymus
1.
Each
team
will
either
place
a
spleen
or
a
thymus
in
5
ml
10%
DMEM.
2.
Mash
the
organ
with
the
rough
end
of
the
sterile
slides
(use
a
fresh
set
of
slides
for
each
organ).
Remove
the
remaining
organ
pieces
and
throw
them
away
in
the
biohazard
trash.
3.
Move
cells
to
a
15
ml
conical
tube
(one
for
each
organ).
4.
Underlay
the
spleen
cells
with
5
ml
of
Lympholyte
M.
Keep
the
thymocytes
on
ice.
5.
Centrifuge
the
splenocytes
for
10
minutes
at
1450
RPM
in
table
top
centrifuge
with
rotor
for
15
ml
tubes.
6.
Remove
the
splenocytes
from
the
interface
between
the
media
and
the
lympholyte
M
(it
should
look
cloudy).
Place
them
in
a
fresh
15
ml
tube
with
5
mls
of
10%
DMEM.
7.
Spin
down
thymocytes
and
splenocytes
in
centrifuge
at
1250
RPM
for
5
minutes.
8.
Discard
supernatant.
9.
Vortex
cells.
Add
10
ml
of
FACS
wash
buffer.
10.
Count
cells.
11.
Add
1x106
cells
per
small
5ml
conical
tube
(FACS
tube)
12.
Each
group
will
need
to
prepare
the
following
FACS
tubes:
A.
Unstained
splenocytes/thymocytes
B.
Splenocytes/thymocytes
+
anti
CD3
Fitc
C.
Splenocytes/thymocytes
+
anti
CD4
APC
D.
Splenocytes/thymocytes
+
anti
CD8
PerCP
E.
Splenocytes/thymocytes
+
anti
B220
PE
F.
Splenocytes/thymocytes
+
all
four
antibodies
13.
After
labeling
the
tubes,
add
the
correct
amount
of
cells
to
the
correct
tubes.
14.
Spin
down
cells
in
centrifuge
at
1250
RPM
using
table
top
centrifuge
with
5
ml
tube
insert.
15.
Discard
supernatant.
16.
Each
tube
will
have
100ul
of
facs
wash
17.
Add
1ul
of
antibodies
to
appropriate
tubes.
Vortex.
18.
Incubate
on
ice,
covered
for
30
minutes.
Vortex
at
least
once.
19.
Add
4
ml
facs
wash
to
each
tube.
20
Spin
down
cells
in
centrifuge
at
1250
RPM
using
table
top
centrifuge
with
5
ml
tube
insert.
21.
Discard
supernatant.
22.
Vortex
cells.
Add
300ul
of
FACS
Fixative.
Vortex,
cap
tightly,
put
in
tube
rack
and
cover
with
foil.
BioL
477
March
11,
2016
Run
stained
cells
on
flow
cytometer
from
last
week
Read
flow
cytometry
guide
on
CC
before
class.
During
class
review
how
to
do
a
“Results”
section
of
a
lab
report.
BioL
477
March
18,
2016
Analyze
Flow
Cytometry
Data
Use
the
Accuri
flow
cytometry
program
to
analyze
and
interpret
your
data.
Save
plots
for
your
lab
report
and
make
tables
that
summarize
your
data.
BioL
477
April
1,
2016
Stain
Spleen
and
Thymus
Sections
for
T
cell
and
B
cell
zones-‐
Immunofluorescent
Microscopy
1.
Each
group
will
receive
1
slide
with
spleen
sections
and
one
slide
with
thymus
sections
5um
thick.
2.
Use
pap
pen
to
draw
around
the
sections
on
the
slide
3.
Add
4%
Formaldehyde
using
a
p1000
to
cover
all
sections
(about
300ul).
Incubate
1-‐2
minutes.
Make
sure
the
sections
do
not
dry
out
at
any
point
in
the
procedure.
4.
Add
PBS
to
sections,
fully
covering
them.
5.
Block
sections
with
blocking
buffer.
Incubate
for
30
minutes.
6.
Add
primary
antibodies
with
2%FCS
in
PBS.
The
antibodies
should
be
diluted
1:150
in
the
2%FCS
in
PBS.
Antibodies
to
be
used
are:
CD3
Fitc,
B220
PE
7.
Incubate
for
1
hour
at
37C.
8.
Dump
antibody.
9.
Add
2%FCS
in
PBS
for
3-‐5
minutes
to
wash
the
sections.
Keep
covered.
10.
Add
mounting
media
with
DAPI
and
coverslips.
Image
the
slides
at
Science
Hall
1,
microscope
room.
BioL
477
April
8,
2016
Analyze
Data
from
Microscopy
Experiment
Use
photoshop
to
examine
images
and
make
into
figures
for
the
report.
BioL
477
April
15,
2016
Done
in
Biosafety
Cabinet:
Polarization
of
T
cells
into
TH1
cells
1.
The
night
before
the
experiment:
Coat
a
24-‐well
plate
with
anti-‐CD3
at
1
ug/ml
and
anti-‐CD28
at
2
ug/ml.
Sterile!!!
2.
Harvest
splenocytes
as
in
March
4,
2016
protocol
steps
2-‐10.
Done
by
instructor.
3.
Plate
1x106
cells/ml
in
2ml
per
well
in
two
wells
of
a
coated
24-‐well
plate.
4.
ADD
100U/ml
IL-‐2,
10
ng/ml
IL-‐12,
and
anti-‐IL4
antibody
at
10ug/ml
(for
TH1
polarization)
to
one
well
of
the
coated
plate.
Just
add
100U/ml
of
IL-‐2
to
the
other
well
of
the
coated
plate.
5.
On
Day
3:
Pool
2
wells
of
TH1
cells
into
a
6
well
plate
containing
2
more
ml
of
fresh
media
with
IL-‐2
100U/ml.
Do
the
same
with
cells
from
the
IL-‐2
alone
control
coated
plate.
BioL
477
April
22,
2016
Intracellular
IFN-‐γ
production
by
TH1
Cells
1.
Stimulate
cells
with
PMA
(50
ng/ml)-‐Ionomycin
(1uM)
for
5
hours
with
Bref
A
(1ug/ml).
2.
Harvest
cells
and
place
in
facs
tubes.
3.
Each
group
will
need
to
prepare
the
following
FACS
tubes:
A.
Unstained
cells
B.
skewed
cells
+
anti
CD3
Fitc
C.
skewed
cells
+
anti
CD4
APC
D.
skewed
cells
+
anti
CD8
PerCP
E.
skewed
cells
+
anti
cytokine
(either
IL-‐2
or
IFN-‐g
or
TNF)
PE
F.
skewed
cells
+
all
four
antibodies
(B-‐E)
G.
unskewed
cells
+
all
four
antibodies
(B-‐E)
3.
Wash
with
facs
buffer
and
follow
intracellular
cytokine
protocol
in
kit.
Details
at:
http://www.bdbiosciences.com/ds/ab/others/559311%20Book_Website.pdf
BioL
477
April
29,
2016
Run
Stained
Cells
on
Flow
Cytometer
Re-‐read
flow
cytometry
guide
on
CC
before
class.
During
class
review
how
to
do
a
“Discussion”
section
of
a
lab
report.
BioL
477
May
6,
2016
Analyze
Intracellular
IFN-‐γ
production
by
TH1
Cells
Use
the
Accuri
flow
cytometry
program
to
analyze
and
interpret
your
data.
Save
plots
for
your
lab
notebook
and
summarize
your
data
and
what
it
means
to
the
field
of
Immunology
for
interpretation
in
the
discussion
of
the
lab
report.