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J) 11
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.F1
 THE FRIEND

IV /[ADAM KAJI YAJIMA, ninety year old petitioner for peace as she
appeared in Honolulu shortly after the luncheon given in her honor by
Mrs. Theodore Richards. Madam Yajima is known as the "Frances
Willard" of Japan. At her right in the picture is Mrs. J. M. Whitney,
for many years president of the local W. C. T. U. Mrs. Wallace R.
Farrington, wife of Governor Farrington, is at the left.

The Seventy-ninth Year of the Friend

HONOLULU JANUARY, 1922 HAWAII

 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

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THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. NCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JANUARY, 1922. No. 1.

"American Buddhist Ceremony"

By Albert W. Palmer
AVERY curious and interesting bit be a most excellent opportunity for fur With the sword of Reason
of religious propaganda is going on ther attacks on Christian institutions." 1 lidding error cease,
just now in Honolulu in the form of a As Central Union Church had a musi Love's our great commander,
Buddhist English service at the Hong- cal service on Christmas night I took the Ignorance our foe,
wan ji Temple conducted by an ex- opportunity of running away to hear a To dispel illusion
Catholic priest, the Rev. M. T. Kirbv, Buddhist Christmas sermon by an ex- Forward we must go.
Ph.D. Catholic priest. Arriving at the Temple
My attention was called to this new 1 was handed a large yellow card We are gentle warriors
departure in Buddhism by a letter which headed "Buddhist Ceremony" and con Moving slowly on,
I received from a friend who had at taining an order of service, extracts of We are still pursuing
tended Dr. Kirby's lecture on "Prayer" Buddhist Scriptures for concert reading The path our Master's gone.
on December 18th. Here are two ex and twenty hymns. Some of these Failures cannot daunt us,
tracts from this letter : hymns looked strangely familiar to me I lope is born anew,
and possibly they will to you. I [ere are Knowledge wins the battle
"His lectures are ostensibly on Budd
a few examples : Where righteousness is true.
hism, I presume, but as a matter of fact,
O for a thousand tongues to sing
such of them as I have heard have been
My holy Buddha's praise: Not for wealth or power,
principally a tirade against Christianity.
The glories of my teacher great. Nor the praise of men,
In Buddhism there is much that is
The triumphs of his grace. ( )urs a noble conflict
worthy and much that parallels Chris
tian principles, and with a desire to That must never end.
My gracious master and my light. Kindness rise and vanish,
know more of it, I a few weeks ago
Assist me to proclaim. )urs will always stand;
attended one of his lectures, subject :
To spread through all the earth abroad
'A Message on Buddhism.' I was Founded on compassion,
The glory of thy name.
heartily disgusted and indignant with Fulfilling Truth's command.
his sneers at the Christian religion. He
Buddha, the name that kills our fears.
claims to be an ex-Catholic priest. To 16
That bids our sorrows cease :
please a friend, I went again last evening
'Tis music in the seeker's ears, Joy to the world! The Buddha is come:
to hear his views on Prayer. This ad
'Tis life, and health and peace. Let earth receive the truth ;
dress was even more offensive than the
former, and the climax was reached in Let every heart prepare him room.
It breaks the chain of ignorance, And heaven and nature sing,
his emphatic utterance, 'No prayer was
It sets the prisoner free; And heaven and nature sing,
ever answered by God; no prayer ever
His truth can make the darkest light : And heaven, and heaven, and nature
will be answered by God; THERE IS
His truth avails for me. sing.
NO GOD.' A look of horror passed
from one to another of the few non-
lie speaks, and listening to his voice. Joy to the world ! the truth reigns ;
Buddhists in the audience."
New life the weak receive : Let men their songs employ ;
"It is difficult to determine just what The mournful, broken hearts rejoice: While fields and floods, rocks, hills and
the man's purpose is. Certainly the The open mind perceive. plains.
ideas behind his flow of words are
Repeat the sounding joy.
never grasped by the Japanese of his Hear him. ye deaf: his praise ye dumb Repeat the sounding joy, ,
audience, although they are impressed Your loosened tongues employ; .-lepeat, repeat, the sounding joy.
with his fluent use of Latin and Greek, Ye blind, behold your Buddha come:
and if his object is to create an interest And leap, ye lame, for joy.
in Buddhism in the English-speaking I le rules the world with truth and grace,
portion of the community, he is very And makes the nations prove
short-sighted in insulting them when he The glories of his righteousness.
Truth's Discipi.k
gets them to his services. And next And wonders of his love.
Sunday night he proposes to give what We are Truth's disciple And wonders of his love,
he calls a Christmas address, which will Marching on to Peace And wonders, and wonders, of his love.
 THE FRIEND January, 1022.

19 pression during the whole affair. On ject very plainly is to bolster up the
the other side was an organ and Dr. Hawaiian-born English-speaking and un
Tin-: Buddha's Pkace
Kirby in an expansive yellow robe. We derstanding Japanese in their loyalty to
l'cace, perfect peace, in this dark world Buddhism by discrediting Christianity
were late and unfortunately missed the
of sin: beginning of the ceremony but after in their eyes.
The Law of Buddha teaches peace, peace singing a hymn Dr. Kirby approached Such an attack as Father Kirby made
within. the altar very much as a Catholic on Christmas night, puttering around
priest would have done, and uttered about a date, is puerile in the eyes of
Peace, perfect peace, with sorrows surg not exactly a prayer but a sonorous intelligent Americans but doubtless it
ing round ? ascription to the principle of all truth. sounds very convincing to the young
The Noble Path leads to peace, peace Then he gave his address from a pul Japanese.
profound. pit, covered with a beautiful golden It is interesting to note Father Kirby 's
embroidered cloth, which stood at one knowledge and use of_ the higher criti
Peace, perfect peace, thru change and
side of the altar. cism. Again his arguments from this
loss and woe ? The gist of his address so far as I source are most shallow and worthless
The Buddha's peace leads to the calmer
can reproduce it was something like to one who really knows the modern
shore. this: Nobody knows anything about historical interpretation of the Bible.
the birth of Christ which Christmas is But to a young Japanese student brought
Peace, perfect peace, thru the change.
supposed to celebrate. Indeed neither up on a doctrine of verbal inspiration
and loss and woe? the birth or resurrection of Jesus are and literal infallibility, these arguments
Buddha brought peace to all who live
mentioned in the earliest Gospel, Mark, might seem quite overwhelming.
to know. from which both Matthew and Luke From this situation I draw the fol
were written. There is no prophecy in lowing lessons:
I'eace, perfect peace, though troubles
the Old Testament which relates to Jesus li) If the Buddhists are concerned
ne'er o'erthrow? either. These alleged prophecies will about reaching by English speaking the
In Buddha's Law the way to peace.
be found to relate to something dif young Hawaiian-born Japanese, how
peace is found. ferent. The Hebrew translation in much more eager ought we to be? A
most instances is wrong. We have distinguished Japanese visitor said re
I'eace. perfect peace, whatever may be
been fooled about this to increase the cently to a friend of mine: ''I am con
tide? power of the early church. So we can cerned about your island-born Japanese.
In us lies peace if we but realize.
take these things with a grain of salt. (Continued on page 15.)
(Only he said "cum grano salis"—
20 which probably made a great impression
Guidance on the Japanese!)
Twenty-fifth Tear of
Buddha, Lord, O pilot me Moreover the birth of Christ was not Home School
Over life's tempestuous sea; celebrated at all by the early Christians. The year 192 1 was an epoch making
Ignorance like waves o'erthrow. But, as their efforts to convert the year, for in April the Okumura Home
Hiding sorrow, change and woe; heathen were far from successful, the School celebrated its twenty-fifth an
Buddha, Guide, O pilot me, early Christians adopted the festival niversary. A large garden party was
To the Other Shore with Thee. of the birth of Mithras Dec. 25th, and given and many guests, including Con
used it to celebrate the birth of Christ. sul Yada, attended.
Blessed lj.)id. O pilot me The date of Dec. 25th as the birth of L'p to April, 1921 the Home has
In Thy Law of Safety: Christ was decided upon by a monk sent out six hundred boys. Some have
Let me there in peace abide, about 500 A. D. returned to Japan and some have moved
In Thy love. Thy Law, Thy Light: That the Christmas story is a legend to the mainland, but the majority of
Buddha, Teacher. Master, Guide, with the smallest historical foundation them are on the different plantations
Lead me to the Other Side. we must of course admit. Christ is of Hawaii.
the most recent world teacher and the When a territory-wide campaign of
"Lead Kindly Light" was printed in most certain thing about him is that his education was started this year, it was
full without any change, and another birth did not occur on Dec. 25th. the old Home boys who assisted most.
hymn with unfamiliar words was sung If only the Christians would have -Mr. Okumura and his son have been
to the good old Christian tune of "Blest Christ in their heart then our civiliza much pleased to find them acting as
be the tie that binds!" tion would be high. That is what we leaders in every plantation community.
Entering the Temple which seats all need —the Christians to have Christ They are pleased to report that the
three or four hundred 1 found about in their heart and we Buddhists to have I lome has secured a large playground
25 haoles and possibly 100 Japanese. Buddha in our heart. and the adjacent Chinese property for
mostly young people, presumably stu Now I asked myself and you will extended dormitory accomodations.
dents from the Japanese High School surely ask yourselves, what is the ob There is an enrollment at present of
across the street. Candles were burn jective the llongwanji Buddhists have fifty-seven boys.
ing on a gorgeous golden altar. On in view in bringing Father Kirby here? The Girls Home, under the same
one side, facing the altar knelt a Japa My strgng conviction is that it is not general supervision is going forward
nese with a solemn and inscrutable to convert haoles to Buddhism. On that encouragingly, and has an enrollment of
countenance who never changed ex score we have little to fear. The ob twentv-two girls.
January, 1922. THE FRIEND
The Honolulu Bible Training School
OKuma Ko was organized about fourteen years ago
THE many-sided character of Mar ago, through President Naruse of the with six students. It was then planned
quis Okuma's attainments will have Japan Woman's University as inter that students should have a two year
general recognition these clays when the mediary, Count Okuma was requested course, (about thirty Sundays a year)
world is making appraisal of his con to act as Chairman of the Committee, preparing them as best we could, to
tribution to the age. Much can be lie complied with gracious interest and teach in some Sunday School. At that
said,—should be said—of his influence acted as host twice for the formation of time the pupils were all Hawaiians.
in world affairs, that will stir the hearts the committee, at one of which meet Now there is an enrollment of two
of his countrymen with justifiable pride. ings a photograph of the group of dis hundred and thirty-three, representing
What we have particularly in mind tinguished Japanese gentlemen was made nearly all the various nationalities, and
is an order of merit quite different. which has been very widely used. Since the course covers four years. The re
Men of affairs are quite naturally con that time when every successive group quirement is, that students be of High
vinced of their importance, or at least, of students was sent to Hawaii he has
School grade. Our graduates now num
of the relative value of their time. invited them to his house and had his
photograph taken in group with them ber two hundred and thirty-two. In
Marquis Okuma lent himself to a large
number of comparatively small con and has followed them in their after the past four years, forty-six have been
cerns, wherein he deemed there was student life with his interest. granted Service Certificates for having
gain to humanity. It was a form of helpfulness he might taught three years after graduation in
The FRIEND must recall with grate- easily have avoided. His life has been some Sunday School in the Islands.
full appreciation its debt to Marquis signalized by service, which in connec
Okuma (then Count) at the initiation tion with other men, we honor by the A cordial invitation is extended to all
of the FRIEND PEACE SCHOLAR name, "HUMBLE." to visit the School at any of its regu
SHIP movement. When our represen Hence, the world will miss him. lar sessions, at the Mission Memorial
tative was in Tokvo about eleven vears T. R. Auditorium at 9:30 a. m.

Rev. T. Kajiro, who laid the founda

tion of the Kakaako Japanese Church
and saw it organized during his min
istry, passed to his reward in Japan,
December 14.
Mr. Kajiro was a Samurai of high
rank, who in his early life carried the
two swords, wore the distinguished cos
tume of his rank, and had his hair
dressed in the short cue style then pre
vailing. An excellent scholar in Chinese
classics, it was thru them that he
gained his first knowledge of Christian
ity. He was the first pastor of the
Osaka Church of which Dr. Miyagawa
is now the niinister.-
Mr. Kajiro was one of the early
fruits of Christian teaching in Japan,
having been baptized 47 years ago. In
his ministry here he chose to live in
a humble cottage in Kakaako where he
gathered children into Sunday School
and gradually won their parents, final
ly building a church and parsonage
within a stone's throw of the house
where he first located. He returned to
Japan several years ago, but is still
remembered affectionately by his former
flock and by many American friends he
made while here.
Rev. Jackson Smith, formerly of Ho-
nokaa, is now the pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church at Gustine, Mer
ced Co., California. He can not dis
pense with The Friend, he says, as the
islands have become endeared to him.
One of the most recent pictures of Marquis Okuma sent to Hawaii. He is here seen
The good wishes of his friends here fol as a patron of The Friend Peace Scholarship movement, the picture having been taken
low him in the work of his new pas
at his' home before the departure of the student for college work in America.
torate.
 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

You may ask whether, in this glance

To-morrow in Hawaii backward. I am thinking only of Yes
terday in Hawaii. Not so, indeed. For
From tne Kauai Skinpo, New Tear's Edition it is the urgency of Today which sends
By Ethel M. Damon me groping into the past for a ray of
light. And it seems to me that a very
THERE lies, on the northern coast stand tongue-tied before this evidence flood of light is cast upon our present
of Kauai, the most beautiful valley of so great faith. For. mark you, the difficulties by the story of this beauti
in the world. One person said, on hostess of this home was no celibate ful New England home transplanted
reaching the headland which gives en priestess famed for good deeds. This bodily into the tropical valley of Sing
trance to Hanalei, "If there is a Para (•Id house speaks of children and long, ing Waters. It seems to me that the
dise, this must be it." In the heart of patient years of service. Here more one crying need of today is homes such
this wonderland of sharp cliffs, roaring than one mother has liorne children with as this.—Christian, intelligent homes,
cataracts, level stretches of river bot no kindly doctor or nurse to stand by, with doors flung wide to the stimulus
tom, and the bluest of blue ocean in with none but her young husband, as of guests. Hawaii needs us all, es
the wide expanding bay. there is a inexperienced as she herself. Here pecially those of us who are training
smaller valley which the native Ha- the mother has added to the care of here now to build for tomorrow. Very
vaiians have caHed Waioli. the valley little children countless deeds of service few of us will be able to go away to
(,f singing waters. To this lovely spot, t" the natives, men and women, who mainland schools, but let us hope that
t'-er. thickly peopled with Ilawaiians, (locked to her for counsel and help. those few will feel the call of Hawaii
there came, eighty-six years ago, two And, perhaps more wonderful than all and return here to build their homes.
Americans, a man and his wife, who else, the door of that- plain, beautiful And surely the greater number of us
built there a church and a house which New England home stood always open who, remaining here, receive the fun
stand today as symbols of great pur ii ivhalever guest might chance that measure of generosity which Hawaii
pose and high achievement. Today this way. Welcomed and cheered, every metes out to her children, will feel
church and this house, serving as a guest sat in wonderment at the quiet that same call for the fundamental need
community center, may be seen by any marvel of life as he saw it moulded in of the day. Perhaps you will have
one who will ask the caretaker's at the hands of that gracious mission guessed that the homes which Hawaii
tention, and both the long, sharp-roofed mother. needs are built on a corner-stone of
church building and its companion, the self-sacrifice. They imply bonds which
old New England house, are well worth And so I might tell you of much cannot be lightly entered into and as
a visit, if one cares to look back for a more that took place within those hal lightly cast aside. Nothing, indeed,
moment into the past of human life lowed wails. But perhaps yn wili short of a spirit of high-minded con
and effort. Much might be told of the some day go yourse'f on a pilgi'mage secration, of bonds gladly and happily
historic old church, but it is into the to that white home where it stands borne because they are shared, of whole
old Xew England home that I should shaded in its garden of century-old hearted devotion to the good of the
like to take you if you will go with me trees. Perhaps, if you do, you will take community, large and small, can make
today. time to sit quietly in one of the old of 1 lawaii what it should be, a garden
In the first place, how came it to be chairs and listen to the voice of the spot in the North Pacific. Not one of
there, in that singly beautiful but iso past. For really old houses can speak.
us but loves Hawaii truly and deeply.
lated corner of the island? With its You will look out through the open
Then let us be willing to live and work
white, plastered walls, its narrow stair window where the wind gently touches
for Hawaii with the best that is in us.
way, its four-poster beds, its old clocks, the white curtain. You will hear the
its rows and rows of books, its roomy young sons of the house driving the
kitchen with great open fire-place, it cows in to the milking-shed. You will A Daily Vacation Bible
is quite unlike anything else to be seen hear the patter of little feet on the
on Kauai. Have you not read stories stair. L'nder that same stairway you School Incident
of martyred priests who with heroic may hear vigorous remonstrance from It was in a "D. V. B. S." last sum
courage have carried the gospel to an older son locked away in the dark mer and the story of the finding of
strange and distant countries, braving for mature reflection upon his sins.
Moses was being dramatized by the
every danger of land and sea? But this Not an inch of space within the old
walls but is set to some good use! children of the older division. At the
beautiful Xew England house breathes
From the kitchen comes the happy voice last minute it was discovered that there
.in atmosphere at once more subtle and
fragrant than that in the dwelling of of the mother as she hums about her was no doll for the baby Moses and a
any celebate priest, however great a work, taking out a batch of bread from little Japanese girl volunteered to go
hero he may have been. For a man to the brick oven beside the fire-place. On for her dolly. She came back in a few
consecrate his life to the service of his the door sill the quick step of the father minutes with a beautiful Japanese doll.
feiiow-men is indeed great, and worthy as he returns from afternoon services in The children looked at it for a few
<.f highest praise. But for a woman to the parish. With all the sternness of minutes and then one said with a
join that quest, and in a life-time of rigid New England beliefs, it is yet a good deal of resentment "Nothing,
service never once to lose hold on her very happy home which has left its Moses he no Japanese" and immediately
high ideals for a Christian home— mark on countless other homes and a little Japanese responded "Moses, he
that is something beyond all praise. We lives to this very day. no Japanese, he AMERICAN!"
January, 1922. THE FRIEND
children whose class is under the inspir
ing instruction of Mrs. Jessie Shaw Fish
er. Worthy of praise was the Poster and
iiill work done in night classes by those
who are busy with their various avoca
tions during the day.
Art pursued for the love of it is the
soul of the Academy of Design. It is
made possible by the contributions of
public spirited citizens of Honolulu, and
the generous aid of the instructors who
give their services freely for the love of
art, and the tireless and devoted enthu
siast of Mr. Gordon Usborne the faith
foundation of it all.
In October, Mrs. Frances Allen, of
San Francisco, became secretary, enter
ing into the work with an enthusiasm
for its success which could not be sur
passed even if she were a kamaaina.—
F. S. S.

Students' Exhibition at the Academy of Design

The Grut Ranch
AS THE old year was dying and the visitors, why may not Honolulu ulti
1WAS sitting on the porch of the
new was being born Father Time mately rival the cities of southern Eu
shingled bungalow when I was dis
stepped in with a gazing crystal in his rope for its expression of the soul of art?
turbed by a "tick-tack-tick-tack" that
hand and said, "To those whose eyes are The Academy of Design, tho but in
sounded like a compressed-air riveter
open, herein a vision will appear." its inception, limited in its accommoda
at work. Peering around the corner,
Moved with curiosity I gazed intently, tions and equipment, has the atmosphere
a bobbing ball of red attracted my at
and presently out of a mist emerged a <>f an enterprise greatly conceived, and
tention, close against the wall of the
city beautiful for situation adorned with pulsates with the love of art. Organized
only a little over a year ago, it has al house. As the red poll bobbed in, a
all the beauties of God's creation, but
ready begun to extend its influence wide patch of white bobbed out, and vice
somewhat marred by careless, unappre-
ly not only in Honolulu but into remote versa. Then I noticed a splash of
ciative handling, shacks and billboards
parts of the Territory. black between the red and white. This
mingled with cosy cottages, and withered
Some idea of the promise of this un was different from any riveter I had
shades of palm trees that once flourished
dertaking may be gathered from the ever seen —it was a California wood
in its parks and along its roadways :—
display of pupils' work at the Students' pecker drilling through the shingles of
evidences of a financial prosperity that
Exhibition which was held from the 27th my bungalow, to drop acorns in the
had dulled a former pride in the city's
to the 31st of December. holes, just as he would in the holes he
matchless charm of beauty.
In the accompanying illustration may drilled in dead trees. Of course I ad
A mist overhung the scene, and from
be seen the modelled figures of a Ha mired his superb "nerve." It was
the bosom of the cloud, nested like a
waiian Girl Dancing, and another Ha easier drilling through my redwood
jewel in its snow-white cushion, emerged
waiian Girl in jwse: the bust of A Local shingles. "I suppose when he's ready
a little sequestered bower, a kind of ves
Watchmaker, and one of A Japanese he'll come back and eat the acorns.
tibule to a dimly perceived palace, and
Youth. One marvels to learn that the But why does he lay up winter food
from it issued a company of airy sprites
Princeton Tiger of noble mien is the here, where there is no winter?" I de
who flew hither and thither touching the
work of a ten-year-old child. manded of a neighbor.
unsightly spots in the city. White statues
and arches and fountains began to adorn These results tell their own story, not "'lie's not laying up vegetable food;"
the green swards of the parks, and a only of the local talent, but of what is came the laughing explanation, "he's
work of artistic renovation began to ap manifestly back of all this, the gifts and planting an acorn to rear a grub. He
pear within and without in the houses of high devotion of the instructors to their expects you to grow his meat supplies
the city. ideal. between the walls of your house."
The gazing crystal was removed, and Modeling is done from life and from So that was the cunning rascal's
what I really saw was the little Academy Italian casts. Casts from the Louvre and secret ! The fly that had stung her egg
of Design; but the crystal, I perceived, drawings from French artists of note arc into the acorn was his unconscious
had been revealing its inner spirit and among the treasures of the Academy, partner. Time would fill this noisy,
meaning, and its significance to the city brought out for use as they are required frolicsome, saucy fellow's larder full of
of Honolulu. for study. "cold-storage" dainties—then I suddenly
And why not? With its natural ap The work of the class in etching called broke into laughter.
peal to the sense of beauty, its climate. forth many expressions of admiration, "You see the joke?" demanded tbe
its lovers of art and its manv cultured and specially fine work has been done by neighbor.
8 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

"Why, the joke is on him. The acorns ganized in groups meeting weekly, in It may be noted that the Standing
won't stay put; they will fall to the addition to Mr. Alexander's Sunday Committee meets monthly, after the
bottom of the space between the walls. School class meeting occasionally for Christian Discussion Hour, to plan for
He'll never get his grubs." supper, etc. I speak to two of these the welfare of the church; special
"Exactly, but speak softly; he doesn't groups every month, and to the others music has frequently been provided for
know it. He thinks he has discovered occasionally. It was also my privilege the services : a daily vacation Bible
one of the finest grub ranches possible; to address the graduating classes at both School of alxiut 50 was held during
a great deal smarter than sticking to his the Kalihiwaena and Kalihikai Schools, July, with 4 teachers : 6 Honolulu
tree." and our own Kindergarten of 85 at preachers kindly took the three Sun
Then 1 remembered one of Mark Christmas time. I have also been elected days during the pastor's vacation, and
Twain's stories, of a California wood to the Honolulu Council of Boy Scouts, Revs. Midkiff, Kelsey, and Browne
pecker that had thrust his acorns although Sgt. Harrison does most of from the States were also heard ; a '
through the shingles of a single-walled the committee work with our local new cement walk has been built along
house. Of course they rattled down on Troup 15. The Y. W. C. A. girls work the street; and the front of the church
the floor. He worked away just as will soon be revived again. is now kept lighted all night.
busily, until he was sure he had filled Thirty-two packs of weekly offering The pastor keeps one special office
the hole, all the other birds envying him envelopes have been taken for 1922. hour at the parsonage, and lias called
his industry and capacious ready-made The church and Sunday School gave several times on Sunday School chil
storage room. Then, about noon, the $199.00 for Christian work last year, dren as well as on church people.
door was left ajar, and the pert Mr. for the three main mission boards, Expository sermons are largely preached
Woodpecker peered in with his bright for relief, Bible Society, Anti-Saloon mornings, with a text and topic in the
little eyes, only to discover that he had League, etc.. and the church paid evening. They are so radically differ
been trying to fill a 12x15 room, and $125.00 to the Prudential Committee for ent that the same people can well at
all the other birds were laughing at his general expenses. The total home ex tend both services.
expense. — John F. Gowan, Mirasol pense, pastor, janitor, repairs, improve In conclusion let me express my warm
Apts.. San Diego, Calif. ments, etc., was $5,258.00, there being appreciation of the faithfulness of Sun
a grant of $1,200.00 toward this from day School teachers and church officers
the Hawaiian Board. and workers, and of the loyal friendly
Kalihi Union Church The church has had 3 social.-, with spirit of all who attend Kalihi Union
Summary for 1921 30 to 40 present, in addition to the an Church.
nual meeting and the ladies monthly May I urge all to feel a real responsi
Kalihi Union Church had 80 members bility in 1922, to be present at every
"Friendship Circle," and the Sunday
January 1, 1921, and has only 81 now, service unless absolutely impossible, to
School has had a picnic at Kapiolani
although 20 joined the church during give of money and service, and above
1921, 11 on confession or reaffirmation Park and the Christmas Tree exercises,
each costing about $50.00, the C. M. all to pray—each for all, and for me.
and nine by letter. This is because two that, as Paul said. "I may make it
Cooke family kindly providing for the
were granted letters, two died, and 15 manifest, as I ought to speak."
latter. At Faster and Christmas the
were retired because of permanent re
Sunday School furnished exercises for ALBERT S. BAKER,
moval from Honolulu. Five adults were
the morning service. Pastor.
baptised and six children. One funeral
was conducted at Kalihi, and only three
marriages, and these in the first quarter
of the year. Centennial of Printing in Hawaii
There were only five months of 1920 JANUARY 7, 1922, marked the cen tell of the ceremonial in which Keeau-
under my care, but to compare that with tennial of printing in the Hawaiian moku, greatest of Hawaiian chiefs, par
1921, Sunday School averaged 104 in Islands. Nineteen months from the ticipated— in the presence of the King
1920 and 111 in 1921, with 63 and 139 time the first company of missionaries and other great chiefs.
as the smallest and largest numbers. arrived from Boston bringing with
There are 160 enrolled in the Sunday them the little Ramage press it was in What became of the little press, used
school, fewer enrolled than last year but operation in a country where there was for many years in striking off pam
more attending. Morning services aver phlets and books in both English ami
to be a marvellous development of the
aged \Sy2 in 1920 and },2 in 192 1, with. art of printing. Publications in eight Hawaiian, and which printed the first
14 and 68 for extremes; and evening languages are a modern corollary of official government notice, that relating
services averaged 13 in 1920 and 21 in this branch of the work done by the to port dues, is not definitely known.
192 1, with seven and 75 for extremes. It has several times been reported to be
missionary fathers.
The Thursday evening Christian Dis in ( )regon, where a Ramage press was
In the Mission yard, which is now
cussion Hour averaged 1 1 in 1920 and • directly opposite the Mission Memorial sent by the missionaries, but it is prob
only 10 in 192 1, seven and 14 being the building, on King Street, one of Hono able that this was of later make. The
extremes, f am sorry to report, but this lulu's finest landmarks, Elisha Loomis majority of local historians have come
is the only loss and that of but one. printer-missionary, worked at odd times to the belief that the first press, found
Mr. Galiger's Boys Club numbers 30. in assembling the press. That its first unserviceable after long years of hard
the Japanese Citizenship League 22, and operation was considered a momentous usage, was stored away and finally
the Boy Scouts 32, equaling 84 boys or- event is shown by the records which went to ruin.
January, 1922. THE FRIEND
Writing to the Advertiser in connec hunted around for the old missionary from a monograph edited by Miss
tion with the one hundredth anniver printing office and also for the South Ethel M. Damon and reprinted from
sary of printing, "W. F. W." contra Sea Academy, where the children of the History of the Sandwich Islands
dicts the statement that the printing the English missionaries were edu by Rev. Hiram Bingham, A.M., testi
done in Honolulu "was the first print cated, but could find no trace of either fies.
ing in the Pacific." of these buildings. The stones used Under date of April 19, 1821, Mr.
An effort to identify "W. F. W." has in their construction were to a great Bingham wrote :
been made but without success. The extent taken from an adjoining marae
gist of his statement to the Advertiser (Hawaiian lieiau). This heiau is still "Within two months from our first
is printed herewith because of the to be seen but in a very broken con anniversary (April 19, 1821)1 our place
interesting information which it con dition. of worship (a school room in one of
tains and in the hope that the identity "On the other side of the island of the primitive mission houses) was quite
of the writer will be disclosed. Moorea, at Rapetoai, amid some of the too strait for us, and on the 25th of
". . . Doubtless the first printing loveliest scenery in the South Seas, June, 1821, a subscription was opened
clone in the Hawaiian Islands took there is still in existence one of the for a church, to which chiefs and
place one hundred years ago, but if by oldest, if not the oldest, churches in foreigners subscribed. An amount suf
the use of 'Pacific' you meant 'Pacific the Pacific. It is built in an octag ficient for a frail, thatched house of
Islands,' then it may be pointed out. onal shape of coral blocks plastered worship, fifty-four feet by twenty-one,
that, so far as I am aware, the first over. It was restored during the years was soon obtained, and the work of
printing in the Pacific took place not 1887-91, but was originally built in building it by native hands hired for
in Honolulu but at Afareaitu, on the 1822, according to the inscription in the service was in a few months ac
Island of Moorea, or Eimeo, on June Tahitian over one of the doors. This complished. Plain doors, a pulpit win
30, 1817. le.-'ds 'Ua faa tumuhia teienei Fare i te dow and a decent pulpit, surmounted
"Instructed by Rev. Wm. Ellis, who matahiti o te Futu ra o Jesu Christ by astral lamps, were added by foreign
had learned the printing trade before 1822. i te pau Feberuari 1822.' Over workmen, which, though cheap and
leaving England, King romare com the other doors of the church there rude, were adapted to the cheap, frail
posed and struck off on a hand press are inscriptions in Latin and French building, and gave it somewhat the air
a page of an A.B.C. book. This was telling the same story.—W. F. W." of a house of God.
the first printing done on any of the Note:—The first Kawaiahao church "On the 15th of September, 1821,
Pacific Islands. in Honolulu (a grass structure) was Mr. Thurston preached the dedication
"During my last visit to Afareaitu 1 built prior to 1822 as the following sermon. . . ."

Juvenile Delinquency; Its Cause and Cure

B>) Frank I. Ambler, Chief Probation Officer
WHEN a child is brought before streets because they have no other place ments for his daily environment how
the Juvenile Court, not only one as well as we do our vehicles of con can we expect him to become a morally,
but invariably three delinquents need veyance. physically and mentally well developed
attention—the child, the parents and All children are good until outside citizen ?
the community. The community, or bad influences have poisoned their minds In such congested parts of the city
society as we usually term ourselves, is with vicious thoughts and deeds. Child children are deprived of the things all
the greatest offender of the three. We offenders must be classed no longer healthful growing human beings need
allow homes to exist and children to with adult outcasts, thugs and criminals. both mentally and physically. The play
grow under squalid surroundings and Next to the problem of delinquent instinct and natural effort of the chil
unwholesome environment. society and greater than delinquent chil dren to secure opportunities for them
Every child deserves a chance to make dren are delinquent parents. Until the selves bring them in contact with the
good. If he fails, he deserves another unwholesome surroundings in such laws of an adult world and we punish
chance. Don't sneer if he fails. We homes are changed through public senti them accordingly.
didn't know everything when we began ment and education we cannot hope to The growing laxity of rich and poor
even if we think we do now. Parents materially remedy juvenile delinquency. alike in their regard for parental re
should encourage their children to do An awakening' to action of the citizens sponsibility demands serious thought.
their best by giving them the best they of the community is of primary import Unless children are early taught obe
have morally, spiritually and physically. ance. dience and discipline in the home they
Of course wise parents spank their Any privileged fraction of our social will soon lose their respect for law and
children at times. Sometimes we feel strata must sympathetically and intelli order in the community. Their ultimate
like spanking our neighbor's too. gently learn how the "other half lives'." goal under such conditions will be in
The children of our community must It is in properly supervised wholesome variably institutions of correction and
be given higher pedigree and value than play that a child best develops. When reform.
blooded cattle. We must prize human we force him into the streets for his Bad, indeed, is the home that is not
rights above property rights. We must games with playmates or crowd him into far superior to the best institution c-vef
protect the children who play in the poorly lighted, dirty inadequate tene created, for normal children. The cot\'
10 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

viction of this fact has led the Juvenile sist in the proper guidance and conduct Community education of actual con
Court in placing back into the parental of our many boys and girls. ditions and needs of our boys and girls
home or other desirable private homes Unless we provide good playgrounds, would prove to be one of the greatest
a large majority of the cases brought well lighted and properly supervised, helps in solving the juvenile problems of
before it for disposition. Naturally thousands of the children living in the the city. If club leaders, church work
there will be some failures. We cannot congested districts of the city where ers, teachers, expert social workers and
expect to undo the follies of past genera front yards are the streets and back the general public would study more
tions by mere placing before a child the yards a dark alley, will be crowded out carefully and familiarize themselves with
opportunities of education, health and into the public highways in search of the factors chiefly responsible for most
right living without carefully consider their natural plav and recreation. The of our juvenile delinquents and depen
ing his temperament, physical and mental man who wrote "A PLACE FOR THE dents of the community a better under
health, tendencies, tastes, habits, dis BOYS" challenges the attention of every standing and more thorough co-opera
position and abilities. parent of either boys or girls: tion would result generally, I am certain.
Parents, be companions, pals with "Our boys must walk somewhere ; and Law enforcement alone will never
your boy. You can't always go with what if their feet, solve the problem. Delinquent homes
him when he sets out with other boys, Sent out of our houses, sent into the are certain to produce delinquent chil
lint make him know that you are the street, dren and a delinquent community can
best friends he has. Don't lick him Should step round the corner and pause never eliminate delinquent homes. Real
merely because he comes home with his at the door active community interest must supple
clothes torn. Suits and stockings cost Where other boys' feet have passed ment charity funds and law enforcement
a lot but a boy's confidence and friend often before? officers.
ship is worth a lot more. Be more Should pass through the gateway of Summarizing, the real needs which
concerned about his interior motive than glittering light, must be met if we ever hope to provide
his exterior appearance. Your girl, too, Where jokes are so merry and songs proper protection from evil and oppor
must have some of her friendships and are so bright, tunity for social betterment of the youths
parties outside of the home. But you And ring out a welcome of flattering of the community are :
need not worry about her conduct at voice,
i. Active community interest and edu
such times just as long as she keeps And temptingly say, 'Mere's a place for
cation regarding existing conditions and
you her bosom friends, naturally bring the boys?'"
needs in our congested districts.
ing to you her inmost joys, personal
"Ah! what if they should? What if 2. Increased social emphasis on the
problems and perplexities.
your boy or mine, value of human rights and the responsi
Of course there are a few naturally bility of the home and the community to
Should cross o'er the threshold which
unsocial individuals even among juve the child.
marks out the line
niles, a product of generations of an 3. Co-operation of all officers of the
'Twixt virtue and vice, 'twixt pureness
cestral delinquency. These are the cases law, school teachers and interested social
and sin,
demanding most careful observation and agencies for a better enforcement of
And leave all his innocent boyhood
study for it is among such children
within ? existing laws affecting children and
in our schools today that are to be found
O what if they should—because you their homes.
most of the gangsters, thugs and mur
and I 4. A reawakening of parental respon
derers of tomorrow. While experience
While the days and the months and sibility for morals and conduct of their
shows that not all problem children be
the years hurry by, children.
come habitual criminals, it is from these
Are too busy with cares and with life's 5. Strict enforcement of and compli
ranks that social misfits are drawn.
fleeting joys, ance with present curfew laws.
Let us not be led into the erroneous To make round our hearthstones a place
belief that preventative measures only 6 Properly supervised parks and play
for the boys.
will solve the whole problem of juvenile grounds with trained leaders and direc
delinquency. Administration of justice "There's a place for the boys. They tors for groups of boys and girls.
without proper social and physical ad find it somewhere, 7. Relieve and eliminate congestion
justment in the home and neighborhood And if our own homes' are too daintily in certain districts where delinquency
must necessarily fail unless we as a fair now flourishes.
community go a step further by provid For the touch of their fingers, the tread
ing wholesome conditions for work, 8. Place greater emphasis on morality
of their feet. in the home, based on strictly Christian
play and recreation' of our underprivi They'll find it, and find it, alas, in the
leged boys and girls. principles.
street ;
The youths of the city must go some Mid the glittering of sin and gilding of 9. Use less remedy and more preven
where and do something during their vice. tion—by substitution—as a cure for our
hours of recreation. In this delightful With heartaches and longings we pay present social problems.
out-of-doors climate where playgrounds a dear price 10. lie patient, but persistent. Keep
can be utilized to advantage twelve For the getting of that which our life working. Don't expect to remodel the
months of the year, trained leaders in time employs town over night. We are winning if
group games and athletics on our play If we fail to provide a place for the we keep seeing good results and im
grounds and parks would materially as boys." proved conditions.
January, 1922. THE FRIEND 11

KAUAI NOTES. add their encouragement.

On the second Sunday of the new Rev. G. Wakai, who came from Japan Mission School Heads
year Christians from all parts of Kauai last June to he minister at Kapaa, en-
assembled in a union service at Koloa. tered the public school in the fall, start-
In Conference
There were 150 present. Dr. Water- ing with the second grade. With the A conference of Principals of Mission
house, Rev. Royal G. Hall, and Rev. beginning of the new year he was pro- Schools in Hawaii was held in Honolu
Ralph Waldo Bayless were present to moted to the fifth grade. lu on December 28th to 30th, 1921,
under 1 he auspices of the Religious
Education Committee of the Hawaiian
genuine in their pleasure that it is
Hoard of Missions.
always a pleasure to pack this box.
The Schools, and those representing
Seldom, indeed, does the legend. "It
them, were: Hilo Boarding School for
is more blessed to give than to Re
Hoys; Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Lyman.
ceive" 'have so true a meaning.
Kohala Girls School— Maunaolu Semi
The New Year had not arrived when
nary; Miss May Xance. Mid-Pacific
Resolutions of Gratitude were received.
Institute: Rev. J. L. Hopwood, Mr.
A translation follows:
John Nelson, Miss Mildred Smith.
To the Corresponding Secretary.
Honolulu Theological Seminary; Rev.
members and friends of the I lawaiian
E. G. Davis.
Board, hearty greetings to you all:
Your Christmas presents to us, ar A great deal of attention was given
rived safely, that is to say, the sweaters to a discussion of the function of Mis
for the young and old men. the holoku sion School work in these davs of
material and perfume bottles for the changing emphasis and increased effi
young women, the holoku material and ciency of public school instruction and
handkerchiefs for the older women and organization. It was stated frequently
150 boxes filled with the very best kind that the head of the public school
of candy. All these gifts which you system in the Islands was outspoken in
sent us were the finest and choicest ever favor of the value of Mission school
seen here, and at the end of the work in the development of good citi
Commander Evangeline Booth Christmas service they were given out zens. The principals agreed that the
DISAPPOINTED several times in to the church- members and Sunday mission schools are meeting a great
the inability of Commander Booth School pupils of the united churches of need in providing a Christian home,
to make the Islands a part of her Siloama and New Canaan of Kalau- Christian training, a broad curriculum
itinerary, all Hawaii welcomed her papa. and an emphasis upon the dignity of
upon her arrival on January 17. The wise men who came from the work.
Miss Booth was met at the pier by- East brought various gifts to the They reported that the schools are
Mayor Wilson. In the afternoon she Child whose clay we thus celebrate, so feeling the effect of the greater free
was the guest of honor at a public re the members and friends of the Ha dom among the young people of all
ception given in the throne room of waiian Hoard sent these lovely and races and the consequent unwillingness
the Capitol by Governor and Mrs. beautiful presents to us. His children to come under the restraints and dis
Farrington, and in the evening met for who dwell in the land of suffering. cipline of the boarding school life. The
consultation the Army officers at the Therefore, we the members of the Schools have eliminated almost entirely
downtown headquarters. church and Sunday School of the two the mentally and morally unfit from
The following day was a strenuous united churches extend our right hand their student body, believing that the
one with a meeting with the Army of warm love and abundant thanks to securing and training of leaders is a
Advisory Board in the morning, a lunch the members and friends of the Ha more important service for them to
eon by the Rotary and Ad Clubs at waiian Hoard for your sending us these perform.
which she was the guest of honor; the choice gifts, with the constant hope Details of management, curriculum,
dedication of the Tea Room and Bak that next Christmas we shall receive teacher supply, salaries and organiza
ery in Manoa. which was a late gift to some more presents from you. tions were thoroughly discussed. It
the Salvation Army from Mr. S. N. Wil Therefore we pray Almighty God to was considered wise to aim toward
cox, and in the evening a Junior demon- send His blessing upon you and may a uniform system of salaries, travel
station in Mission Memorial Hall. He fill to overflowing your treasuries allowances for teachers and furloughs.
The following day she left for Hilo always, Amen. Two recommendations were passed :
and was scheduled upon her return to We are the members of the church One to the local Boards of Trustees,
take part in a still more strenuous and Sunday School of the two united suggesting that there is value in having
program. She will sail for the main churches whose bodies have been a Secretary of the Hawaiian Board sit
land January 25. warmed and whose spirits have been with them as associate member ; the
cheered by your kindnesses, through other to the Hawaiian Board, pro
Leper Christmas our committee, posing that, if the local trustees agree,
The Christmas box went as usual J. K. Kainuwai, there should be a central bureau es
to Kalaupapa. Those within the Leper Sam Kapahu. tablished at the Board headquarters, ior
Settlement are so whole hearted and Mrs. J. K. Kainuwai. publicity and securing of teachers.
12 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

Valedictory Words of One who is Eighty Tears Young

By Dr. A. B. Lyons

IN THE midst of the intoxicating vocabularies and mathematical demon ten description bringing out clearly dis
beauty which is possible only when strations—which in subsequent years tinction of species.
May treats us with that rarity—a "per must be jetisoned to make room for From a very early time our study of
fect" summer day—there comes to me more vital matter. English was camouflaged as the publi
the longing to share with friends of the cation of a family weekly paper—at first
vears gone by the inspiration of the hour REMINISCENT of early days at Wai- the unpretentious "Dewdrop," its few
-to make this a special tryst in which mea, where educational opportuni pages about 4 x 6 inches ; later it be
ties were limited to the home came the "Little Rill," and finally the
spirit may commune intimately with of the resident missionary, and where,
spirit under no compulsion of impending despite many difficulties, the founda "Cascade," pages of letter sheet size.
tions of a broad education and rarely Reading aloud in the evening was a
changes which shall shortly end com fruitful life were laid. Dr. A. B. Lyons,
panionships that have been so precious in his eightieth year, has written a re common practice in the family, the sub
markable document. Dr. Lyons is the jects generally historical. Needless to
and rewarding. only living son of the lamented Lor
True my life as I look back on its enzo Lyons, who labored unceasingly
say that fiction—even in form of popu
eighty 'vears has been a strangely soli at Waimea for fifty-four years, and who lar legend or fairy story—had no place
was best known by his Hawaiian hymn- in the course. Personally I do not feel
tary one. Its occupations from day to ology, his Sunday School work, as a
day have been engrossing, but I think church builder; also by his perfect at that I was herein defrauded. It was
not selfishly so. Rather my life has tainment of the Hawaiian language and the books that I read aloud to my
his deep hold upon the affections of his mother while she was occupied with
been self-centered by reason ot early people.
environment and a lack of breadth in Writing at Detroit, Michigan, his home
some needle work that seemed to me
the education I was taught to think ot for many years, Dr. Lyons recounts as really worth while. Among them I re
vividly as though they were of yester call Maury's Physical Geography of the
as the chief end of life for a young day, the incidents of his early boyhood
man Like Henry Adams, I was to life. More remarkable still are his rich Sea. a work of Dr. McCosh on Per
learn that only through living, purpose philosophy, his twentieth century vision sistence of types in creation—I do not
and optimism, and his "unfaltering trust
fully and with high aims, may anyone in the Almighty Ruler of the world."
remember exactly the title, but the book
To such as he has come the rich heri was anti-evolutionary, as were the lx>oks
attain to an education worth having. tage of the pioneer mission band. To of Hugh Miller, some of which we read
But the pursuit, even under this mis such as he does the younger generation
owe a deep debt of gratitude. together. Other books we read (this
conception of its purpose and proper must have been when I was about 15
scope, was for me a most fascinating years old ) were "The Plurality of
one. Latin and Greek-although the For me, of necessity, education began
in the isolation of the Waimea home, Worlds." arguing that our little earth
former was always anathema to me— was the only spot in the whole universe
opened doors of storehouses, not of with mother as Pooh-bah—whether it
where such a creature as man could
learning but of the rich, concentrated was in dipping candles, building out of
possibly exist—the contention wholly un
residuum of the thoughts and experi the most unpromising materials chicken
convincing to me—and that tour de force
ences of an age when there was a fresh coops (and at last that wonderful, coni
of a metaphysician, llickcock's Rational
ness and intensity in thought and ex cal pili-thatched "poor-man's henhouse,"
Cosmology, purporting to tell exactly
perience unknown in later years. with its ten foot enclosure of sumac
how the universe came into being.
wattles—for which the biddies never
Over and over I have mourned the Mother's "ac paha" (may be so, may
cackled a word of gratitude) ; whether be not) was hardly strong enough to
exclusive devotion of college study to in elementary horticultural experiments
Greek and Latin and Mathematics, to express my opinion of the book. At
subject to interference by ubiquitous
the almost total neglect of the world of least I was learning to think for my
chickens and cats, to say nothing of
physical and biological science into self, and incidentally I was providing
poko's and manienie grass; or in the
which I longed to enter. Yet by dim myself with a store of materials on
schoolroom, with its tripartite desk, giv
light of tallow dip, during my summer which I afterward drew for "composi
ing opportunity for all kinds of distrac
vacations, I read, with aid of "Liddell tions" which won me much kudos at
tions of mind from the tasks in hand,
and Scott"—scorning any refernce to when the mind was exercised not alone Punahou.
Anthon's "notes," several books of the by the problems of Colburn's Mental Father undertook to teach me Latin
Iliad—I wish that I had known enough Arithmetic and the intricacies of English and Algebra, the latter quite success
to spend the time instead over the speech as set forth in Smith's New fully, as far as the course extended, the
Odyssey,—and I enlivened my voyage Grammar, but by some practical nature former with woefully meager results.
via San Francisco and Panama, on the stuih'—in a notable case of the subject Yet he had been an honor man at L'nion
way to Williams College, by dipping, of eclipses in connection with a total College, and I am sure that as an ex
all by myself, into the mysteries of the eclipse of the sun. a memorable event. pounder of scripture and further as an
calculus. Lessons from botany were not from influential teacher of the principles of
Well, apart from their supposed edu text books, except as a basis for descrip righteousness and of the religion of
cational value, schools and colleges sup tive nomenclature ; the study was from Jesus Christ he was entitled to high rank
ply substantial pabulum for mind and the plant itself—classified to be sure among educators.
heart and soul, of infinitely greater value after the artificial system of Linnaeus, One thing the family life at Waimea
than laboriously stored paradigms and but made the subject of detailed writ lacked painfully. There were some
January, 1922. THE FRIEND 13

formalities of kissing between parents But to the eye Waimea was a pano perpetual sunshine under the lea of the
and children observed morning and eve rama of superb landscape. Giant moun island of Hawaii.
ning, but quite destitute of any fervor tains—huge whalebacks—formed on the Such a wealth and variety of beauty
of affection. The puritanical habit of south an impressive background for the could not fail to find response even in
self-repression ruled supreme. Once broad, grassy plateau, level, seemingly, one whose discipline of mind and spirit
only in my recollection nature had her as the sea, ranged over by great herds was in essence puritanical. I call to
way. Father had been absent several of cattle—cloud shadows chasing one mind a single incident showing how
weeks on one of his missionary tours. another across its surface—each moun powerfully such an environment may
The day before he returned, he at tain having its own shade of blue ac bring into a child's experience a revela
tempted to make the trip by canoe, in cording to distance (varying from 15 tion of the profound significance of the
stead of over the pali by land, from to 40 miles)—two of them snow sense of beauty as a precious gift of
Waipio to Waimanu. The great swells crowned the most of the year and often God to the children of men.
of the Pacific, driven by a perpetual girdled about with cloud belts, gleaming All day a titanic electric storm had
northeast gale dash themselves cease above in the sunshine, somber beneath. raged over the great plateau, with tor
lessly in fountains of salt spray on. that Miracles of changing hue and shade rential rain, every object engulfed in
almost unbroken line of precipitous cliffs. were the sunrise and sunset moving pic the low-lying clouds which from mo
The canoe was .upset and it was only tures almost daily on exhibition. One ment to moment would blaze with a
with the greatest difficulty that the na lacks words for any adequate descrip fierce glare, the firmament meanwhile
tives were able to rescue my father, tion. echoing and reechoing awe-inspiring
who could not swim. The meeting be On the north a rampart of nearby thunder peals. (In Waimea one need
tween husband and wife when he hills, perhaps a score of volcanic cones, have no fear of thunder. It is a bluff
reached home gave to us children our some forest-clad, the foliage showing a to terrorize the timid, but the tremen
one glimpse of the depth of feeling con variety of color unknown in American dous energy which expends itself in
cealed beneath a surface ordinarily so landscapes—some of the slopes grass reverberations of sound that make the
impassive. covered and steep enough for coasting very earth tremble, has no mission of
What part had Waimea itself in my on sleds made from polished barrel destruction. The lightning flashes pass
real education? From earliest infancy staves. On the west just a glimpse in only from cloud to cloud.) The story
the music of her primitive voices had the far distance of the Pacific, lying in (Continued on Page 14)
sounded by night at least in my ears,
from a score of cascades in the moun
tain streamlet which within less than a "Citizen Prince" of Hawaii Is Laid to Rest
mile makes a descent of at least a thou
IN the services attendant upon the touch with the program as it developed
sand feet, from the tortured boughs of
death and burial of Prince Jonah and was carried out from day to day.
the mulberry trees, under the perpetual
Kuhio Kalanianaole Hawaii has wit Mr. Taylor's account of the funeral is
lash of the trade wind (its average
nessed a revival of ancient customs of the best THE FRIEND can pass on
velocity as it drives over the cfest of
;i most barbaric and colorful nature. to mainland readers. We quote in
the land barrier probably about 30 miles
From the day of the death of the part :
an hour) ; the frequent driving against
exposed window panes of the sleet-like Prince on January 7 until noon of "Last titular Prince of his line, Ha
"Scotch mist," or horizontal rain which Sunday. January 15, when the casket waii's representative in the American
gives to Waimea its epithet in the na was lowered into the royal crypt in congress for two decades, grandson of
tive poetry, '"Waimea ua kipuupuu," Nuuanu cemetery, all of the pomp, the an island King, created a Prince of the
"Waimea of the rain that raises the ceremony and the pageantry which Crown by King Kalakaua, more lately
goose flesh." marked the final rites over kings and and affectionately known as the alii
No tropical dolec far nicntc in this queens of Old Hawaii were revived. of the citizens, Prince Kalanianaole
too truthful picture ; one may well ask The midnight removal of the body was buried yesterday with all the
"how could one think at all fondly of from the Waikiki home of the Prince pomp, the ceremony, the pageantry
a native land quite so robustious?" The to Kawaiahao Church, where it lay in which has marked the final rites over
Kamaaina has his instant answer. Wai state for a week, and the second re kings and queens, princes and
mea does have its trade wind gales, its moval from the church to the throne princesses, chiefs and high chiefs of
drenching Scotch mists, its too frequent room of Iolani Palace, now the Capi Hawaii in the past which extends back
overshadowing of cloud, but there is tol building, were weird and impres into the haze of legendary history.
tonic in its bracing mountain air un sive, the silent processions moving with "A state funeral was accorded this
known at sea level. Xo midsummer a solemnity and pomp heightened by 'Prince of the People.' The govern
drought makes sere and brown the ver flitting glimpses of gorgeous feather ments of the United States and of the
dant pastures of this upland region. capes and kahilis in the flare of kukui Territory of Hawaii united in paying
The cascades whose voices are so in torches. the highest tributes of respect to the
sistent mean swimming-holes, with clear In following the course of event-;, alii.
water fathoms deep, and so in the hour Hawaii's public was fortunate to secure "Clothed in the wonderful feather
of native school recess, these voices are the daily newspaper accounts written by ahuulas of his dynasty, and with a\\
blended with gleeful shouts of the swim Mr. A. P. Taylor, of the Advertiser the symbols of princely origin sur
mers, who in spite of the chilliness of staff, who, because of long association rounding him. even as they did Kame-
the water are practicing the lele kazca. and family connections was in close hameha the Great, Prince Kalama'iao^'
14 THE FRIEND January, 1922.

was accorded the homage of all citizens dards of koa and kou wood, of human overturned and the scepter that fell are
in Honolulu. Thousands marched be bones jointed, will be stacked in dark now mere relics.
fore his catafalque up the old familiar corners. The gilded tabu ball may "At 10:46 o'clock in the forenoon the
funeral route to the Royal Mausoleum. find its way to a museum. The ahuulas first minute gun was fired from a gun
Tens of thousands lined the streets. will be protected from destruction and of an American battery in the palace
Every nationality that dwells in Ha scaled in cases. The orders and deco yard. At 1 :45 o'clock in the afternoon
waii was represented in that seething rations of the bygone monarchy re the royal casket was in the crypt,
throng. gimes, glittering baubles of royal su Aloha Oe had been played and all had
"Allied governments, those which premacy, will be carefully placed apart stood at attention as Hawaii Ponoi, the
fought shoulder to shoulder with Am from the world, also possibly to find Hawaiian anthem, was concluded, and
erica, were represented officially at the their way to the museum where already the last chant, by' Mrs. Mary Padigan.
funeral services in the old throne room are stored the crown that was forcibly was chanted. The clergy concluded
of the palace of the kings of Hawaii, removed when a new government came their service, the benediction was pro
and followed the catafalque to the into power, where the throne that was nounced."
mausoleum. Officials of the federal,
territorial and county governments paid Frances Willard of Japan Visits Honolulu
their respects both in the throne room
and at the crypt. An admiral of the "A notable woman on an unusual Harding and others, including Prince
navy and a general of the army, rep errand." Tokugawa, had received for her and from
resenting the navy and war depart Madam Kaji Yajima was thus char a number of sources social honors had
ments of the United States govern acterized by one who had the privilege come, she asked naively whether the
ment, paid official homage to the of entertaining her in Honolulu. She women of America did not need to
Prince-delegate who represented the arrived on the Tenyo Maru January 9 pray. "I came to pray with you," she
islands so well at Washington. and spent the day, resting in the morn said, and in response to the statement
ing, an honor guest at a luncheon given a prayer meeting at Calvary Baptist
"His Hawaiian people paid their deli
by Mrs. Theodore Richards at noon, Church, at which the President is an
cate tributes in standing watches about and later at a reception to which all attendant, was arranged. Other meet
the bier hour by hour from the morn ings of this nature were planned for
women of Honolulu, including those of
ing of his death on Saturday, January tl'.e Japanese community, were invited. and participated in by her in cities
7, until the casket was lifted from the Madam Yajima will be ninety years that she visited.
bier and borne to the catafalque. They old next April. She is small of stature
paid their respect to their chieftain, Madam Yajima has been to Amer
and of frail appearance, but with the ica several times before. In 1905,
their alii, the head of their clain, with
indomitable courage which has char when the World's W. C. T. U. con
flowers, with fashioning the beautiful
acterized her life since she became a vention met in Boston, she came,
feather kahilis once again that they, as Christian at the age of forty-five, she
symbols of royalty, would be shown to though seventy-four years old, to plead
went to Washington personally bearing for two missionaries to promote the
the world to let it know that here was to the President of the United States a temperance work in her country. Her
passing an alii. They paid their hom petition from the women of Japan for plea was granted.
age in wailing, in chanting in the old, world peace. This petition was signed
old style, and in the singing of sweet, Everywhere she went she was treat
by 10.000 women and is remarkable ed with the greatest consideration and
soft melodies of today, that only Ha- documentary evidence of the new sex
waiians can sing. respect. Returning to Japan with this
consciousness in the ( )rient. testimony and the confidence that the
"Full and complete official honors of The first president of the W. C. T. U. women of America are upholding their
governments, and full and complete in her country and the most influential sisters across the sea in their desire
honors as accorded to all the royal leader in building up that organization, for World Peace, she cannot but feel
dead of the Houses of Kamehameha she is well known as "The Frances Wil that her mission was a fruitful one.
and Kalakaua were bestowed upon the lard of Japan." She has been decorated
Prince. He went to his eternal rest, by the Emperor, "in recognition of
the last that will receive such remark honorable service performed for State Valedictory of One Eigkty
able honors, amid a commingling of education."
ancient and modern funeral rites that She is simple in manner and in dress. Tears Toung
could only be intermingled in Hawaii Pinned to her dark grey kimono on the (Continued from Page 13)
nei, where the past still lives, where day of the reception in Honolulu was of the prophet Elijah on Horeb came
memory still keeps green the day of the white ribbon bow of the W. C. T. to my mind even as a boy. I could
monarchy, memories that now with the U. This was her only ornamentation. understand how Elijah found himself
passing of the only connecting royal Her face, not done justice to in the uplifted in presence of the storm which
link between today and yesterday, will photograph, is remarkably fine, despite swept about him—but declared that God
wither, and like old age totter to ob her years. Meeting her one is cog was not m the storm.
livion. nizant of a strong personality, a The Waimea electrical storm lasted
"The kahilis will be taken apart breadth of understanding and a deep well into the night, but by the following
when the day comes to take them down Christian motive. morning it had quite subsided, a great
from the mausoleum. The feathers It is related in connection with her calm succeeding it, then gradually the
will be stored away. The kahili stan visit in Washington, that after Mrs. cloud veil dissolved, disclosing Mauna
 January, 1922. THE FRIEND 15
Kea gleaming in the sunlight, wrapped most eventful in all modern history.
almost to its very base in royal ermine. We had thought that the foundations of
With Elijah again I seemed to be listen a permanent human civilization had been
ing to the still, small voice—none other securely laid. History should have
than that of Jehovah. Some such ex taught us better. We see now how we
perience for each of us without doubt have builded again on foundations whose
has been the momentary lifting of the faulty construction has again and again
veil behind which lies the holy of holies. in the past invited and finally brought
We let the vision pass and return to about disaster. Civilizations indeed have
life's common routine, and it is perhaps been the result of laws of growth. We
well to do so, but that glimpse was have been in error if we have thought
surely ours ; we are careless of our birth of them as humanly planned. Now,
right if we fail to cherish the precious when the work of rehabilitating is de
memory—if we make no effort to manding our best thought and our
glimpse again the inspiring vision. most earnest endeavor, what do we see?
Yes, in Waimea truly was laid the Surely not the counsels of statesman
foundation of the education which en ship. Rather the old familiar wrangling
vironment had to give me. of politicians with a public either apa
After the solitude of Waimea the com thetic or frankly pessimistic.
panionship of fellow pupils in the Puna- Unwillingly America entered the war.
hou Hoarding school. There was my Her army acquitted itself nobly, but
real Alma Mater. It goes without say already the memory seems a nightmare mrs: Howard g. hahn
ing that the teaching, as teaching in dream. As a nation we are shirking the Hawaii is asked this year to give $17,000 to
those days was reckoned, was of su great responsibility we momentarily suffering Armenia, Mrs. Hahn is in the islands
perior quality. Very thorough work was in the interests of this appealing cause.
recognized as ours, partly because we
done by such drill-masters as George have realized the futility of attempting "AMERICAN BUDDHIST CEREMONY"
Beckwith and DeWitt Alexander. But to abolish war by military force. (Continued from Page 4)
Punahou in my memory stands rather Where the counsels of our wisest lead I am afraid they will grow up atheists.
for experiences of diversified activities ers are hopelessly at odds, it is not for Not many of them will cling to Budd
not belonging to the curriculum of study me to outline a practicable peace plan. hism. They ought to be brought into
—baseball (in primitive form) and But I have faith that a sincere purpose the Christian fold but you are not
wicket and "drive" and Kunihi on the to end war by abolishing its causes reaching them with Christianity in large
playground, cultivation of the vegetable must be the foundation of any rational enough numbers. I am not a Christian,
garden and the banana patch at the call endeavor in this direction, and I cannot so I cannot tell them to be Christians
of the workhour bell, care of "kuleanas," but put my trust in loyalty to the Chris without being called a hypocrite, but I
gardens which we were privileged to tian ideals, as the crux of the situation. believe they ought to be Christians!"
cultivate as our own—mountain climb Isn't this a challenge to the Hawaiian
ing on Saturdays with incidental land- Disarmament must be insisted upon. Board, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.
shell or fern collecting—initiation by International law must be given exact to re-double work for young Japanese?
"swinging" into the swimming pool— expression and efficient international
(2) This work for young Japanese
fierce discussions in the debating so courts must claim authority above arms ought to be based on the assured re
ciety—moonlight serenades of co-eds —just as individual communities and na sults of modern scholarly study of the
and others, by amateur performers on tions are today mostly quietly submis Bible according to the historico-critical
the flute, or other alleged musical in sive to law. But personally I put my method.
struments—not to mention rivalries be faith in the growth of a new consecra If they are given merely the tradi
tween townies and boarders, and es tion, on the part of those who really tional idea that the Bible is all equally
capades unclassified in which may have love the Lord Jesus Christ, to disciple- infallible and verbally inspired, they will
figured some of the most law abiding ship in the fundamental principles of fall victims to scepticism when they
pupils of the school. Yes, we helped to sociology as flowing out of His "new meet modern scientific scholarship at
educate one another with enthusiasm commandment." The church has a long the University or they will be plastic
and eclat. College afterwards was a way to travel to recover its lost leader clay in the hands of such clear Budd-
tame experience by comparison. ship. It is not to be in the way of a hististic assailants of Christianity as
I had not thought to fall into this triumphal procession. Again we must Father Kirby.
vein of reminiscence, but it is only what learn the meaning of the "via dolorosa" But, if we have told them the truth
is to be expected of an octogenarian. I —the way of the cross—the King's high about the Bible, a glorious and inspiring
am leaving myself scant space for fare way. truth which makes the Bible ten times
well words, but such words ought to be I call to mind Mark Hopkins' bacca more helpful to Christian faith than it
spoken while yet as now 1 am in the laureate address to the class of '65 in was before, then we shall have laid
midst of a life of varied activity—albeit Williams College, just at the close of the foundation of their faith so deep
hampered by physical disabilities. In the war of secession. We had seen our that the scientific teaching of the Uni
these days of automobiles one may not brothers, our classmates, our dearest versity will only re-inforce it and such
count on any certainties in the morrow. friends and comrades rally to the call assailants as Father Kirby will be ut
The years just past have been the (Continued on next page col. 1) terly powerless.
16 THE FRIEND January, 1922

lives enshrined in the hearts of many and a source of affection and pride. It
for volunteers to save the Union from of the members of the "Old First" of cannot supersede the universal brother
sudden dire peril, counting the sacri Detroit, and of other churches in which hood of men. It cannot annul the obli
fice of life itself, if need be, at once a his ministry was equally a quickener to gations of the church or of the family
sacred obligation and a high privilege. newness of life. life. There is a limit to its power over
Now victory had been won, but new- the individual sense of right and duty.
With such as these, interchange of
perils already threatened. Human greed But in its rightful place it is one of the
speech is unthinkable. It can be only
and selfishness were entrenching their great opportunities and enthusiasms of
"Hail and Farewell." humanity and the Christian will make
forces anew for a war, the covert pur But to the friends, near or far, who
pose of which was a reign of injustice the most of it.
have yet their part to play in this sub
in the world under the semblance of Education should kindle enthusiasm
lunar world, there must be a heartening
for the. patriotic opportunity of service,
law. word. With joy in continued oppor
Here was occasion for a new urgent tunity for the bringing to completeness national and international. For the mere
call for volunteers. There was to be the tasks life has given us, and unfalter enthusiasm of national pride and pos
nothing' of the pomp and circumstance ing trust in the Almighty Ruler of the session is like a fire that is kindled in
of war, but every volunteer was to be world, looking ever forward, let us brushwood, blazes high and soon goes
pledged to a cause calling for endless out iii smoke. But the enthusiasm of
carrx on until the end. good will burns on and on like a star.
sacrifices, with no reward in view be
yond the consciousness of an obligation Our patriotism is inevitably put down
accepted. Enough to have a share in The Faitk of Christians to a lower place when it merely stops
the carrying to fulfillment of the great One of the uses of faith is to rescue at home content with things as they are,
purposes of the Almighty. ' the great motives and impulses of hu or goes abroad to threaten and require.
Again after fifty years and more the manity from a lower and to put them If we could only make our people see
same call for volunteers sounds in our on a higher level. No one of them is the glory of this service, the high op
ears. Shall it be unheeded? more in need of this uplifting change portunity of the good and unselfish
The situation today, I regret, is one than patriotism. A man may reconcile citizen, we should be far upon the way
which calls for earnest thought—for his patriotism with pride and hate, with toward the ideal of Christian patriotism.
cultivation of a spirit of Christian opti profiteering, or with the sacrifice of all, There is an illustration from recent
mism, refusing to believe for a moment even to life itself, in war. He may for fiction which shows what such an awak
that God's plans and purposes have suf get it, except on eloquent appeal or un ening might mean. Slippy McGee, the
fered defeat—above all for humble, der violent provocation. But he who name alike of Marie Conway Oemler's
earnest prayer, and for a renewed self- needs such stimulus of the emotions to book and hero, is the cleverest burglar
consecration. So it is given to us to give the higher patriotism of common of his time. He came, a physical wreck,
strengthen one another in our faith, "and service and good will a place in his to the house of Christians, and they
even to find gladness as well as peace daily thought is quite unworthy of the slowly opened his blind eyes to the true
as we go on our shadowed way. name of patriot. meaning of life and of the world. And
It was my thought to give this hour Christian teaching will distinguish this is what patriotism came to mean
to intimate communion with comrades sharply between patriotism as an end in to this reborn soul. "It's quite true,
who still share with me this earthly life itself, and as a means for the organiza parson. I have got the whole United
—so empty without companionship and tion of humanity and the education of States to work for. Uncle Sam. U. S.
community of interests and aims. But its races and peoples. The world is too Us!.. I've been drafted into the brigade
as I have been writing I have been made unwieldly to be handled as a whole in that hasn't any commander, nor any
sensible of the presence of unbidden, but all details of administration from a colors, nor even a name ; but that's
most welcome guests. The troop in single center. The races are too di never going to be mustered out of ser
cludes men and women of high and low verse to flow together without friction vice, because we that enlist and belong
degree—fellow students, business as and misunderstanding. England and can't and won't quit. . . . Lord, what a
sociates, pupils of mine, and others Canada, for example, mainly of the chance! A hundred millions to work
whose lives have touched closely my same blood and yielding allegiance to for, a hundred millions of one's own
own—friends all, in whose debt I shall the same king, are better under sep people—and a trail to blaze for the un
ever remain. I cannot refrain from arate administrations. But the mad, born millions to come.' His eyes kin
naming among them a few only of those unthinking, blind and passionate im dled, his face was like a lighted lamp.
whose lives have most profoundly in pulse that goes shouting, "My country, The vision was upon him, standing there
fluenced my own—preeminent among right or wrong!" gains no sanction in the April sunlight, staring wide-eyed
them General Armstrong, founder of from the teaching of Christ. If love of into the future."
Hampton Institute; Mark Hopkins, country has a great part in the educa Were that enthusiasm kindled in the
President of Williams College: Mrs. tion of the world, it is after all a co souls of every one of us—of the hun
Mills, joint principal of Oahu College: ordinate part and must li.ve in harmony, dred millions with whom and to whom
Washington Gladden, expositor and ex and often in subordination, to the other we belong—then were America the lead
ample of vital Christianity; Dr. George duties of good will and good neighbor er and the light which God desires and
P. Andrews, model Christian gentleman hood. its national festival would become a
and much more; Dr. Zachary Eddy, Patriotism as the Christian sees it is holiday of honor and affection all
close friend of Dr. Andrews—I may not an opportunity of brotherhood, even around the world.—Isaac Ogden Ran
attempt to characterize the man, but he more than it is a pledge of security, kin.
 The Most Beautiful Tree in Hawaii'
TAT HILE the qualities of rich leaf green and grey-brown trunk are missing, the
picture gives a fairly accurate idea of the wonderful contour and sky-line of
this Inga Dulcis, which Mrs. Charles Hubbard, landscape architect lecturing under
the auspices of the Outdoor Circle, declares to be the most beautiful tree in the
Islands.
The tree stands on the grounds of the old Judd home, now the Japanese
Consulate, near the border line of what was the Damon homestead. When Mr.
A. F. Judd took his bride to their future home on Nuuanu Street, in 1872, the tree
was about ten years old. It was probably planted by Mrs. Captain Carter, grand
mother of George R. Carter and J. O. Carter and mother of Mrs. Robert Lewers.
It was from Mrs. Carter that Mr. Judd purchased the home. While not indigenous,
it has so adapted itself to Island life that it has come to be recognized as an interesting
and permanent part of the tree life here. By her characterization of it, Mrs. Hub
bard has brought this specimen to the attention of all Honolulu and a keener appre
ciation of it is the result.

HONOLULU FEBRUARY, 1922 HAWAII

 THE FRIEND February, 1922.
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, FEBRUARY, 1922. No. 2.

Hrie Visit of Viscount Shibusawa

By Frank C. Atherton
HAWAII has again been favored
with a visit from one of the
world's great men, for anyone who has
followed the career of Viscount Shi
busawa cannot but be impressed with
the fact that he possesses those qual
ities of character which are found in
great men in any part of the world.
Born in humble circumstances, he de
veloped by his own energy, persever
ance and ability, into one of the fore
most bankers of Japan, and for more
than forty years occupied this high
position in his own country and be
came known and respected in all the
large financial centers of the world.
But at a time in life when most men
want to retire from active duties and Group taken at the complimentary luncheon given Viscount Shibusawa at the Nuuanu
spend their remaining years in less Y M. C. A.
strenuous activities, we find Viscount
Shibusawa retiring from business life Hawaii, the Viscount recently spent a count on his return, spending the first
only to take on larger and more far few days here to study our problems two weeks of January on the Islands,
reaching duties striving to serve as an at first hand and help in whatever way during which time he visited the Island
international peacemaker. When there he could to solve them. He chose of Hawaii and many plantations, mak
began to be a break in the cordial as one to assist him in gathering in ing numerous addresses to the Japa
relations that existed for so many dec formation and ideas, Mr. Zumoto, for nese. He expressed himself on several
ades between America and Japan, there many years a member of Parliament, occasions as very appreciative of all
arose this leader among the Japanese. and now the Editor of one of Tokyo's that is being done in the Territory for
For nearly seven years past he has leading magazines—"The Herald of the Japanese, both in the public and
been working steadily and earnestly Asia." Mr. Zumoto spent a month in private schools and through many wel
through conference and correspondence the Islands immediately preceding and fare agencies, particularly commending
with many other leaders of his own following the Press Congress, to which the work of the Mid-Pacific Institute
race and Americans, trying to clear he was a delegate. Among all the and its far reaching and wholesome in
up points of difference and misunder Japanese whom I have had the pleasure fluence. He was satisfied with the way
standing, and bring about more cordial of meeting, Mr. Zumoto seemed more the laborers were housed and treated
relations between these two great na than any other to possess what we on the sugar plantations and other in
tions. might term, "an American mind." He dustries in the Islands, and expressed
When President Harding called the was very keen, thorough, fair-minded, his belief that the Japanese born in
limitation of Armaments Conference in and frank, and he seemed to grasp the Hawaii and educated here would grow
Washington, Viscount Shibusawa felt many problems of our local situation up to be good, loyal American citizens.
that it offered a wonderful opportunity with unusual quickness. He was anx He urged the parents to assist their
to him to further this high purpose. ious to learn the American's view point children in every way to become loyal
He therefore went to Washington as and feeling toward the Japanese and Americans, and told the young people
an unofficial delegate to wield what in welcomed all information and sugges that not only was this their duty, but
fluence he could in the great cause of tions. He joined the Viscount as he that they should assume all the re
international friendship. passed through Honolulu in October, sponsibilities which go with American
Having also become strongly im and no doubt gave him much valuable citizenship.
pressed with the many problems that information which he had collected I put the question to him one day as
face both Americans and Japanese in while here. He also preceded the Vis to what he felt the religious belief of
2S THE FRIEND February, 1922.

the young Hawaiian born Japanese tion from various leaders among the while here, he will undoubtedly advise
would be, and he replied as nearly as Oriental young men of the city, giving them through letters and the press
I recall it, as follows : testimony to the value of the Associa- still further on important matters con
"Very few of them will be Buddhists, ton in their lives. The Viscount re cerning their conduct and attitude in
some will undoubtedly become Chris sponded expressing his gratification at this Territory.
tians, but many 1 fear will become such practical evidence of the work To meet people face to face, to learn
Atheists. 1 think, since they are to be being carried on and the hope that he their views, to see things at first hand,
American citizens it would be better for and others could later on give further and understand the constructive work
them to embrace Christianity, for that tokens of their deep interest in all that that is being carried on in a community
is the religion of America ; but I cannot was being done for the physical, moral cannot help but prove of value to any
advise them myself to become Chris and spiritual well being of Hawaii's man. When a man of high integrity,
tians, since I am not one myself." young people. sincerity of purpose and breadth of
In view of this statement does it not vision, devotes himself to the study of
Again, he was keenly interested in
behoove the Christian forces in Ha great problems and approaches them
every problem that confronted us, par
waii to awake more fully to the grave with an open mind and a will to serve,
ticularly such matters as education,
responsibility resting upon them ; to see good must come of it. So I believe
dual citizenship, immigration, how to
to it that these thousands of American the visit of Viscount Shibusawa will be
make loyal American citizens of the
born Japanese at least have every op of great advantage to both Americans
Japanese born in America, and how to
portunity to learn of the teachings of and Japanese and an added inspiration
promote better and more cordial rela
Jesus Christ and the fundamentals of to many of the leaders of both of
tions and cooperation between the la
our Christian religion, which is the basis these nations. It will act as an incen
borers and their employers.
of all American civilization, for what tive to find and work out a satisfac
will be the future of Hawaii if thou His recognized standing among the tory solution of one of the greatest
sands of these alert, keen Orientals, who people of his own nation gave added racial and economic problems that con
are going to wield an increasing in weight to his views, and while advising fronts the nations bordering the Pa
fluence, here, grow up in the Buddhist somewhat on many of these problems cific and centering here in Hawaii.
faith or become Atheists?
But to return to Viscount Shibusawa
and his visit. I believe his presence Ten Commandments of Immigration
here, if for only a few days, will prove
of great vaule to Hawaii. It was pro By Arthur E. Hungerford
foundly impressive to see a man over
four score years of age devoting the Washington, Jan. 5—Ten immigra can wholesomely assimilate and in a
remaining years of his life with a tion "commandments" have been adopt reasonable length of time wisely in
deep fervor and zeal to studying the ed by authorities on immigration legis corporate into our body politic.
causes of friction and misunderstand lation. They declare that the time has Third, no more immigration should
ing, and trying to find the best methods come when this country must not only be admitted than can find steady and
to overcome these difficulties and bring for its own sake but also for the good useful employment without endanger
about more cordial relations. of the world adopt certain fundamental ing normal American standards of life,
He made a remark to Governor Far- principles regarding the coming of labor and wages.
rington, somewhat as follows : "I am foreigners to her shores. Fourth, the numerical regulation of
deeply concerned about these matters The "commandments" which have immigration should be flexible. When
which seem to me to touch our spiritual been adopted call for fair play not only industrial depression sweeps the country
natures, and anxious to further in for the immigrants but also for Amer all labor immigration should be prompt
every way peace and friendship be ica. Under them it will be possible ly stopped. But the doors should again
tween the peoples of our two nations." for this country not only to treat all be open when prosperity returns. It
immigrants with justice but to treat should be possible to take either step
He had already shown more than a
all nations alike. At the same time without waiting for special Congres
cursory interest in Hawaii and its
without humiliating any nation or race sional action.
problems, for in 1917 he assisted in
raising among leading business associ it will exclude completely particular Fifth, the closing and opening of
ates in Japan $10,000.00 in gold which types of immigration which definite ex our doors should be scientific. It should
was sent as a contribution to the perience shows to be difficult to assimi be based on assured and accurately
building of the Nuuanu Y. M. C. A. late and absorb. compiled facts and statistics from every
His motive was his conviction that The "ten commandments" as put in part of the country.
this institution was doing a very valu brief form by Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, Sixth, the law should be general.
able and necessary work, not only executive secretary of the National The principles should be applied equal
among Japanese young men, but among Committee for Constructive Legislation, ly to every nation and people without
all Oriental young men in the city. are as follows : arbitrary discrimination.
It was therefore most fitting that First, immigration should be regu Seventh, the law should be courteous
among the many functions in his honor lated and selected both in quantity and to all. It should be possible, without
one should have been a luncheon at the in quality. humiliating any, to exclude particular
Nuuanu Y. M. C. A. At this gathering Second, no more immigration should types of immigration which definite ex-
he heard short addresses of apprecia be admitted of any nationality than we (Continued on Page 30)
 February, 1922. THE FRIEND 29

Mount Holyoke Head

Returns from Ckina
Although it was necessary to forego
the pleasure of receiving President Mary
E. Woolley, of Mount Holyoke College,
as a Centennial visitor, Honolulu had
the brief opportunity to greet her and
hear her speak during the lay-over of
her vessel on February 9th. Miss Wool-
ley is returning from China where she
went as a member of a commission
studying Christian education. She was
entertained by a group of local Mount
Holyoke women at luncheon at the
Country Club, and in the afternoon ad
dressed an informal assemblage on the
roof garden of the Young Hotel.
"I found the educated women of China
to be of the very finest type." Doctor
Woolley said. "They are serious mind
ed, and yet they have a sense of humor
which prevents their seriousness from
becoming oppressive. I think they are
the equal of women any place in the
world.
"A very encouraging feature concern
ing the education of women in China is
the attitude with which educated Chinese
men look at the situation. Men feel that
women are just as much entitled to edu
cation as their husbands and brothers,
and as a result the education of women
PRESIDENT MARY E. WOOLLEY
in China is bound to grow. I found, also
that the tendency is to put men and
women on exactly the same basis, so same vessel which carried the party to
the dedication of the Rockefeller med
The Passing of a Great Christian
that all the educated Chinese are work
ing together, hand in hand and with ad ical foundation in China, Doctor Wool- IN connection with the death of Vis
mirable results, for the betterment of ley said, and although they worked in count James Bryce in England on
their country." conjunction with the Rockefeller founda January 22, the following extract from
Even though the educated Chinese tion they had no official connection a letter to the Federal Council of the
woman holds a high place, Doctor Wool- with it. Churches, written while he was on
ley pointed out, she is still in the vast Christian education in China is pro board steamship on his return to Eng
minority in China. At present only 1 per gressing with rapidity, Doctor Woolley land from this country at the end of
cent of all the children of China are said. Government educational bureaus last October, is of special interest. Com
given even as much as a primary edu there look with favor on the efforts of menting upon "The Church and a War-
cation, on account of lack of money, so Christian educational missionaries, al less World" which had just been issued
that the number that progresses to though many of the officials profess by the Federal Council he said :
higher education is very small. There other religions. She indicated that the
are two women's colleges in China. commission's report is to express a gen "I do not know that I can offer any
The mission of which Doctor Woolley erally favorable view of the situation in suggestions to you, unless perhaps that
is a member has been in China for about China. further illustrations might be given of
six months, studying Christian educa Included in the commission are Bishop the tendency which huge armies and
tional methods in all parts of the coun Francis J. McConnell of the Methodist fleets exert towards making the idea of
try, from Peking in the north to Han Episcopal church ; E. D. Burton, wife war so familiar that nations yield more
kow in the interior and Shanghai and and daughter ; M. A. Mathews. Dr. F. W. readily to the temptation to let them
Canton in the south. They are to make Padelford, President K. W. Butterfield selves be drawn into war. The most
a report to the foreign mission confer of Massachusetts Agricultural college effective factor in getting rid of arma
ence of North America, an inter-denomi with his wife, and Dr. and Mrs. W. F. ments would be to substitute for na
national organization, which sponsored Russell. The party was joined in China tional hatred and rivalries a sense of
their work, on their return to the main by ten more persons, three of whom were the brotherhood of nations such as our
land. They went to the orient on the Chinese. Lord inculcated upon individual men.
30 THE FRIEND February, 1922.

The idea that 'we are all members one early visit and was increased from the Mr. William Sloane Coffin, the chair
of another' needs to be applied to close association of his wife (Miss man of the Federal Council's Commis
peoples." Boyd) who had spent several years sion on Relations with France and
here in the home of her sister, Mrs. A. Belgium, assured the Marshal of the
Francis Judd. interest of the churches of America
Rev. D. Stuart Dodge Up to the last of a long life Dr. in the needs of France, and illustrated
THE Rev. Dr. D. Stuart Dodge, son Dodge kept up an active interest in this interest by reading a letter from
of the late William Earl Dodge, and educational, philanthropic, and mission a woman in an old ladies' home in
uncle of Cleveland H. Dodge, died on ary work at home and abroad. His Pittsburgh, who had just sent one dol
the morning of December 17, 1921, at especial interests centered in the Beirut lar, a rich contribution out of her
his residence in the Allendale, 808 West College. Syria, in which he had been poverty, for helping to rebuild the
End Avenue, New York City, at the an instructor and of which he was for Protestant church at Rheims.
age of 85. many years a trustee, and in the Home In responding to this presentation
Dr. Dodge was the last of several Industrial School of Asheville, N. C, Dr. John H. Finley. the chairman of
sons of William Earl Dodge, the first founded by his wife (Miss Boyd). His the Federal Council's Commission on
of the name, who founded the metal active, sunny disposition and his in International Justice and Goodwill, said
firm of Phelps & Feck, which in 1833 tense interest in missions will long be in part :
became the present firm of Phelps, remembered by all who knew him. "When lecturing in the Sorbonne
Dodge & Co. The late William E. AGNES E. JUDD. ten years ago. I devoted the entire
Dodge, the second, was his older broth course of thirty lectures to the regions
er. Dr. Dodge was born in New York, in America, from some of which you
graduated from Yale in 1857, and from Marshal FocK Presents have recently returned, where the
the Union Theological Seminary in French were pioneers. When these
1860, receiving his degree of D.D. from
Historic Bible lectures were published, they w^ere given
Yale in 1899. ONE of the most striking incidents the geographical title, 'The French in
In addition to extending the educa in connection with the host of ac the heart of America.' During the war
tional and missionary work of the tivities of Marshal Ferdinand Foch on this title took on other than a geo
Presbyterian Church, Dr. Dodge was an his visit to America was his presenta graphical connotation. It came to in
ardent temperance worker and was pres tion of the pulpit Bible from the dev timate the love for France in the spirit
ident of the American Temperance So astated church at Rheims, to the Federal ual heart of all America—a love which
ciety. He also was the founder of the Council of the Churches of Christ in your coming has deepened and strength
Chester Crest Home in Mount Vernon. America. This shell-torn copy of the ened."
N.^Y., for inebriates. For many years sacred Scriptures was sent across the COMMANDMENTS OF IMMIGRATION
he had been president of the board of sea to the Federal Council by the Con- (Continued from Page 28)
trustees of the American College at aeil de la Federation Protestante de perience shows to be difficult to assimi
Beirut, Syria, of which members of his France, in grateful recognition of the as late and absorb.
family have been liberal supporters. He sistance which the Council's Commission Eighth, the law should provide for
was also from 1899 until 1915 president on Relations with France and Belgium the sending of expert examiners to the
of the Home Board of Missions of the has rendered in rebuilding the devasted lands from which immigration mostly
Presbyterian Church. He also, like Protestant churches of France. comes—this for the sake of both pros-
other members of his family, was deep The people of America ordinarily spective immigrants and of our own
ly interested in extending the Young think of Rheims only in connection land.
Men's Christian Association. with its famous cathedral, whose beauty Ninth, the law should make possible
Dr. Dodge's first wife, who died was shattered by ruthless bombard a wise distribution of new immigration.
many years ago. was the daughter of ment. There were, however, other re The flow should be restricted or en
John Phelps of New York. He is sur sults of shot and shell which, if equally tirely stopped from given peoples, to
vived by four sons: Walter Phelps known, would no less touch the heart already congested areas, and encouraged
Dodge, who lives in London ; Francis of America. The Protestant church at to go to those parts of America where
Phelps Dodge, who also lives abroad ; Rheims. the house of prayer for the it is desired.
Guy Phelps Dodge of Woodstock, N. Y.. descendants of the Huguenots in that Tenth, the new immigration policy
and Clarence Phelps Dodge of Colo community, was not simply damaged, should be distinctly patriotic. It should
rado Springs. Col. In 1885 Dr. Dodge but utterly destroyed. favor immigration from peoples easily
married Miss Elizabeth Boyd, daugh The Bible presented by Marshal Foch assimilated and check it from other
ter of Rev. James R. Boyd, D.D., of was the one which formerly reposed lands. It should guarantee equal treat
Albany, New York, and sister of Mrs. upon the pulpit of this church at ment and a square deal to all aliens
A. Francis Judd of Honolulu. Rheims. In making the presentation now in the United States. It should
Dr. Dodge visited Honolulu many the Marshal, himself a devout Roman provide for higher standards for na
years ago. preaching in the old Fort Catholic, spoke with genuine apprecia turalization and then grant the privi
Street Church. He was a friend of tion both of the assistance of the leges of citizenship to all who qualify.
Col. C. H. Judd and the late Chief American Protestants to their fellow- It should look to the creation of a sub
Justice Judd. and will be remembered churchmen in France and of their com stantial homogeneous people having ;
by many of the older kamaainas. His mon devotion to the welfare of hu common mind, and a wholesomely func
interest in these Islands dated from this manity. tioning democracy. '
 February, 1922. THE FRIEND 31

while I was in New York, two years

Birth Control ago, these Journals were sold on Fifth
Avenue by young girls ; and no ar
By Professor Uldrick Thompson rests were made.
THE old order changeth, yielding The question of birth control has reached Each Legislature, of the State of
a point where it can no longer be ignored New York, now has a bill presented
place to new.'' by intelligent people. The same obections
The radical of today will be the con which are put forth against informing the for consideration, making it not un
servative of tomorrow. public on an issue of paramount importance lawful to give information on Birth
are also urged against the giving of proper Control. And though the bill has not
Subjects that were strictly tabu yes information to children on important moral
terday, are openly discussed today ; and issues on the ground of their indelicacy,
passed, yet each year it has gained
tomorrow, action will take the place of with the result that children are often friends both within the legisltaive
grossly misled by persons wholly unfitted body and outside. In the end it will
discussion. to give them information.
Though I have for many years be pass, because Mrs. Sanger's ideals are
That America is far behind several other humane; and because it is a national
lieved in Birth-Control, this is my first countries in her thinking along this line is
opportunity to make public this belief. evidenced by the fact that Margaret Sanger,
problem. And Mrs. Sanger will be to
About ten years ago, I first noticed the leader of the birth control movement this Birth Control Movement, what
in the United States, is repeatedly arrested Harriet Beecher Stowe and John Brown
the name, Margaret Sanger. Since then when she attempts to address public meet
the name has appeared several times ; ings, while Holland has held clinics on
were to the Slavery question.
and each time in connection wi.th a birth control for forty years. Japan, also, Nature's methods for limiting popula
is known to be interested in the subject. tion are both crude and cruel.—floods,
prison sentence.
Professor I. Abe, in Honolulu last year famine, pestilence. And man has added
I decided that a woman who would as a delegate to the Educational Confer
War.
deliberately break the same law over ence, is an enthusiastic disciple of the Birth
and over again for the sake of an ideal, Control movement. Birth-Control aims to limit popula
must be worth meeting. Professor Uldrick Thompson, of Kame- tion by scientific methods, that is, by
hameha Schools, whose interest in the mat keeping the number of births low-
A few days after my arrival in New ter led him to personally interview Mrs.
York City, two years ago, I called at Sanger in New York City, ventures the pre
enough so that each child born may
the office of the Birth Control Review diction that she will be to the Birth Con have its rightful mental and physical
and asked to see Mrs. Sanger.
trol movement what Harriett Beecher endowment: and also have a chance
Stowe and John Brown were to the slavery
Mrs. Sanger was out of the city ; question. Mr. Thompson's comments are of
to be properly fed, properly housed,
so I left my name and address and great interest, the more so since Mrs. San properly clothed and properly trained.
asked for an interview. Two days
ger may soon pass through Honolulu on her Of what avail is it to have 300.000
way to Japan.
children born in our country every
later, I received a note asking me to
call at her home on West 14th Street. tion continues, there can be no perma year, only to suffer and die before they
nent relief, no matter how many chari are one year old?
I found the house,—one of the old
Brown-stone fronts, whose glory faded table institutions are organized or how- What sense is there in having more
years ago. The stairs were dark and much money is contributed. children in any family than can be
the treads nearly worn through ; the properly fed and trained? What joy
So Mrs. Sanger gave up her relief of life is there for those who grow to
walls were cracked and dingy. work and went to Europe to study
On the second floor, back, I found maturity, only to be overcrowded or
Birth Control, in Holland. to become dependents upon Society?
the name, Mrs. Margaret Sanger. There
was no bell. I knocked and was bid Holland has had Clinics on Birth This whole proposition of over-popu
den, "Enter." The room was rather Control for about forty years. lation is monstrous ; and it is without
bare,—an old carpet on the floor ; old further excuse.
Mrs. Sanger attended these Clinics
furniture ; no curtains at the windows : Anyone who reads and thinks, knows
and learned the methods employed in
a very small fire in a grate ; a table that most wars of conquest were due
Holland. She- then returned to N. Y.
piled with books and papers. Evi to over-population, quite as much as
City ; and, in company with another
dently, a living room, a work room and to the personal ambition of War-mad
woman, opened a clinic in Brooklyn.
reception room. rulers.
Both women were promptly arrested ; Wherever and whenever the popula
A woman rose from the far side of and the war was on.
the table ; and I stood face to face with tion came to be in excess of food pro
Margaret Sanger,—the exponent and I do not know how many times Mrs. duction, war followed.
the leader of this Birth Control Move Sanger has been arrested. But I do About 100,000,000 population was
ment in America. know that each arrest brought new ad added to the Central European coun
We talked for an hour, one of the herents and new friends to her support. tries during the past century.
most intense hours of my life. Until now, while it is still, unlawful In 1871. the population of Cermanv
Mrs. Sanger was a nurse on the to impart information at clinics, the was about 40,000.000. In 1914 it was
East Side. Her experiences there con officials close their eyes to much that about, 67,000.000. Twenty-six millions
vinced her that most of the suffering was tabu five years ago. For example. added in about forty years !■ Or, an
among the poorer classes,—from cold, When the Birth Control Reviews were increase of 60%. But the food supply
hunger, bad housing, and lack of em first offered for sale on the streets of of Germany did not increase in any
ployment, also, the high death rate, New York City the young women who such percent. There was not elbow
was due mostly to the high birth-rate. offered these Journals were arrested room for the German people, within
And that as long as this overpopula- and the Journals were destroyed. But their own territory. There was not
32 THE FRIEND February. 1922.

food within the German territory for China. Millions are now starving in In our country, only about 60% of our
the German people. The German ter Russia. sons were fit for active service.
ritory must be enlarged ; or, the Ger In the Far East, Relief workers, In New York City, from Nov. 11 to
man people must starve. War followed. having only a limited supply of food, the 13th, inclusive, there is to be the
Japan is now face to face with the were sometimes obliged to ask the first National Conference on Birth Con
same conditions. Japan will no longer mothers to decide which of several trol.
produce food for its people. They children should be saved ; and which The credit for this Conference is
must migrate as individuals ; or, they should perish. If the food were shared given to Mrs. Sanger. "It can mean
must reduce their birth-rate; or, they by all, all must eventually die. But but one thing, a success along the lines
must starve ; or, they must annex new one or two of several could be main of her original vision ; a success with
territory. And annexing more terri tained ; the rest must perish. out one compromise with untruths ; a
tory means another great war, no mat Birth Control would have limited the success of an ideal for race betterment
ter in which direction Japan may turn. number of children born so that none that will be accepted everywhere in the
But at present, it seems that tin would have been born to starve. world's tomorrow."
Japanese statesmen learned some wis Birth Control is not a new propo And soon after that Conference ends.
dom from the German attempt to gain sition. All civilized people and many Mrs. Sanger will pass through Hono
more territory. of the savage tribes, have had laws lulu on her way to Japan ; where she
Certain Japanese societies asked Mrs. condemning Birth Control. Which will be the guest of the Japanese
Sanger to write a series of articles on means that it was practiced. people and help them organize for
• In 1798 the Rev. Thomas Malthus. Birth Control.
Birth-Control, for the Japanese people.
These articles have been published a clergyman of the Church of England, Wliy should we be interested in this
published the first edition of his "Prin matter?
throughout Japan. Baroness Ishimoto,
ciple of Population." His aim in this Because Birth Control is common
a member of one of the influential
work was,—First "To investigate the sense applied to the very foundations
families of Japan, has organized a
causes which have hitherto impeded of our National life. Because Birth
Birth-Control League in Japan ; and
the progress of mankind towards hap Control is humane.
is now writing articles on this subject.
piness." Second, "To remove these And the sooner people understand
The following is quoted from one of
her articles. "Every one who visits causes in future." this whole problem of overpopulation
Europe can understand that if Colum He decided that the one great cause and its relation to famine, disease,
bus had not discovered America, the was the constant tendency in all ani pauperism, the unemployable, crime
great war of 1914 would have occurred mated life to increase beyond the and war. the sooner there will be legis
nourishment provided for it. That lation favorable to a lower birth rate
200 years ago, by. reason of the un
limited increase in population without population, when unchecked goes on and a still lower death rate, a better
doubling itself every twenty-five years ; lot of children born; and better fed
the possibility of emigrating to the
New World. * * * The majority of or, it increases in a geometrical ratio ; and trained for the better things of
our people expend $$% of their income while the food supply can be made life.
for food—In families of six children, to increase only in an arithmetical
65% of the income goes for food. * * ratio."
A truly civilized life depends upon a The first Malthusian League was or
Dr. and Mrs. Wirt to
surplus of time and money to assure ganized in England in 1877, nearly Study at First Hand
proper education and recreation." one hundred years after Malthus called
Horrible conditions in the Near East
"In America, 35% of the income of attention to the most vital theory in
necessitating a wider field of appeal, the
middle class people is spent for educa human history.
experiment of establishing Near East
tion and recreation. * * * The only One of the principles advocated by Relief auxiliaries in the Philippines,
way for the Japanese to spend 35% this league is "That overpopulation is Japan. China and the British Colonies
of their income on education and recre the most fruitful source of pauperism, is to be tried.
ation, is to spend less for food. And ignorance, crime, disease and war." Dr. L. L. Wirt, chosen as the represen
this means Birth Control." Holland was the first country to le tative of the National Board to put into
The whole article contains about galize Birth Control Clinics. This was effect this enlargement of relief constit
1800 words and is interesting through in 1881, forty years ago. uency, was in Honolulu recently, enroute
out. The principal objection to Birth Con to the new field. With him was Mrs.
If the Japanese statesmen continue trol has been that the population of a Wirt, director of the Woman's Board of
to grow in wisdom, we shall soon hear country would decrease and so the Missions for the Pacilc, who accompa
of a lower birth rate in Japan. whole would become an easy prey for nies her husband in the interest of For
When this request came to Mrs. any aggressive people. But in Holland, eign Missions. After visiting the Philip
Sanger, some one remarked. "What the population has increased. Why? pines, Japan, China, Australia. New Zea
Japan needs most is Birth-Control ; Because, while the birth rate is much land and South Africa, they will extend
not battleships." lower than formerly, the death rate is their travels to Syria, Armenia and the
Limitation of population is one prop still lower. Russian Caucasus to make a thorough
osition ; Birth Control is quite another And when Holland mobilized her study of present conditions in the Near
proposition. armies, during the great war, 95% of East and the latest results of American
Millions were recently starving in her sons were fit for militarv service. relief operations there. Then with voice
February, 1922. THE FRIEND 33
and pen they will bring their fresh mes- in America, but to the allied forces of of year and go away feeling a loss
sage, not only to the friends of Armenia mercy and justice throughout the world which need not have been glaringly
apparent. She recommends the use of
jacaranda in conjunction with the flow
A More Beautiful City ering trees.
Succeeding lectures will deal more
DECLARING that the stranger to "No planting should be done," says specifically with Ala Moana road and
Hawaii conies to a tradition beauty Mrs. Hubbard, "unless one understands other sections of Honolulu. Meanwhile
and that the kamaaina resident, seeing and anticipates the shapes of trees. those who greeted Mrs. Hubbard at
the Islands much as his parents saw There are certain distinct types which her first lecture have been asked to
them, does not fully appreciate their are suitable for street planting and look at the Ala Moana road, with "an
scenic charm, Mrs. Charles Hubbard others which should never be used for other eye." To see it as in the years
in the first of a series of lectures under this purpose. Obviously, those of a that lie ahead it will conserve and en
the auspices of the Outdoor Circle, low branching nature belong to the hance the natural beauties of this truly
plead for such wisdom in planting as latter class." inspiring shore-line drive. E. V. W.
shall both conserve and enhance the Those which form the letter Y,
beauty of mountain and sea. leaving central spaces through which
Mrs. Hubbard says without hesita entrancing vistas are obtainable, and Near East Needs Vividly
tion that the Ala Moana road tran with numerous and irregular aper Portrayed
scends in natural beauty the famous tures in the leafy branches, are HONOLULU will obtain an inti
drives of Italy and Southern France, Mrs. Hubbard's choice for street plant
mate glimpse into the life of a
and that even in its crude state it is ing. She pays enthusiastic tribute to
Near East relief worker before Mrs.
the most dramatic and entrancing the algaroba, which, all in all, she says,
Mabel Farrington Hahn, director of
stretch of shore line which it has ever is the most usable tree in the Islands.
Near East relief campaigning in the
been her privilege to see. How that The sky line of this tree is especially
Territory this year, leaves the Islands.
drive will make accessible to the peo beautiful, and while it is of compara
Mrs. Hahn spent two years in orphan
ple of Honolulu all the beauty of sur tively recent importation, it is most
age work in Alexandropol and Erivan
rounding landscape will be told by adaptable. The fact that it comes up a
and knows whereof she speaks. In
Mrs. Hubbard in a later lecture. volunteer, is evidence that it has em
talks she has already given her audi
Prefacing her first lecture with quo braced Hawaii, Mrs. Hubbard says.
ences have been impressed by two
tations from the report made by Charles There are many trees which have not
things : her apparent deep feeling for
Mulford Robinson a few years ago, and will not do this, she adds. These
her subject and her ability to tell about
Mrs. Hubbard drew her audience into she characterizes as "strangers."
it in an effective manner.
a spirit of that famous architect's ap What Mrs. Hubbard unhesitatingly
preciation of these Islands. Much has avows to be the most beautiful tree Mrs. Hahn will be aided consider
happened since Mr. Robinson was specimen in the Islands in her opinion, ably in her work here by the exhibit
brought here by the Civic Federation. is the Inga Dulcis (commonly known of a film entitled "Alice in Hunger-
but much of what he wrote in 1906 here as the Opiuma) which stands on land," a story woven around pictures of
is as adaptable and fresh in interest the lawn surrounding the Japanese actual conditions in Armenia, which is
as though penned today. Mrs. Robin Consulate on Nuuanu Street. This tree to have wide distribution in Honolulu
son will therefore use his report as the is, in its structure, much like the alga and vicinity.
basis of her lectures. She has studied roba, and is indeed a noble and inspir Mrs. Hahn is a woman of pleasing
under Mr. Robinson and is an able ing specimen. As a species it is much personality, but it is said by those who
and enthusiastic interpreter of his plan. admired by the Hawaiians and there know her that before she went into
She quoted, also, Mr. Ralph Adams is a tradition that it was once known Armenia she did not hold life as ser
Cram, of Boston, who, when he was as the "lei tree," this doubtless because iously. She herself says that the
in Honolulu last year to study the of the garland effect of its branches. scenes one witnesses in this stricken
setting of the New Central Union Mrs. Hubbard commends the con country leave their mark upon every
Church and to advise with the church tour and sky lines of the plum trees, one who sees them.
committee before submitting architec but says that the black fruit so stains "I only wish I could put the people
tural plans, urged the people of Hono cement that it is unsuited to street use. in slumbering America on some magic
lulu to "capitalize" their beauty. She admires and recommends more carpet and take them over to Armenia,"
"Capitalizing scenery," said Mrs. general use of the tamarind, sees great Mrs. Hahn said in a recent interview.
Hubbard, "means giving people souls beauty in the eucalyptus and recognizes "All my talking seems to me to fall flat
so full of beauty that they will not in the ironwoods, a splendid comple for I find it impossible to put into
want lesser things. This is your city, ment to the mountains. words the feelings I hold without seem
make it beautiful for yourself, make it The fact that so many of the streets ing to be dramatic. Starvation is a
distinctive." planted to flowering trees are bare of cold word. The picture it brings up
Between every palm along the Ala both foliage and flowers for so many in the minds of the average American
Moana drive—between every group of months in the year is unfortunate, Mrs. is vague to say the most, for the ave-
feathery algarobas, there should be a Hubbard thinks. Seeing them in their age American never came nearer to
picture she says for some one to paint, nude state many tourists gain the idea starvation than missing one meal. How.
for all to enjoy. that they have come at the wrong time then, can I tell them of a country
34 THE FRIEND February, 1922.

where two out of every three children Total number boys in building and ex
would fight to the death for a piece of Magdalene tension activities, 1396.
bread, where the adult population sits By Margaret E^ans Total attendance at gym classes, 19,-
listlessly and waits for death to end "The law demands that she be stoned to 232.
their sufferings, where the fields ar death!" Total attendance other physical activi
barren and joy is not known, where Hissed stern the throng with menace in ties, 44,736.
disease and emaciation have changed each breath. Total number different students in edu
the human form until it is scarcely Surrounding close the prisoner they had cational classes, 1033.
recognizable, and where sixty dollars brought. Total attendance day and evening
in American money spells life for a But Jesus wrote as though he heard them not classes, 56,599.
whole year for some fatherless and Low bending o'er the sand in anxious thought. Total attendance at 254 Bible class
motherless child? sessions, 3232.
Bold eyed and unabashed the sinner stood Total attendance social events, 23,550.
"It is nearly an impossible task but
Naught recking of her stained womanhood. Total number meals served in cafe
I am attempting it because I cannot do
With scorn the priests told all the ill they teria, 121,019.
otherwise after spending those two
knew Total number serving on volunteer
years in Armenia. My conscience
And looks of hate upon their victim threw. committees, 224.
would hurt me for the rest of my life if
But, letters on the sand, still Jesus drew. Total number of committee meetings.
I turned my back on those youngsters
215.
and decided to let someone else worry
about them. "Condemnst thou not?" the priests impatient "We should keep in mind." says Mr.
cried. Killam, "the fact that the Young Men's
"I have seen the dead wagon mak "The proofs against her cannot be denied." Christian Association is an association
ing its gruesome rounds in Erivan and Then Jesus spoke and calm and clear His and not an institution. It is not a group
have watched the driver dump his car tone, of paid workers serving the community ;
go into the long pits in the common "Who for no sin himself needs to atone it is not the privileged working for the
burial ground at the edge of the city. Let him be first on her to cast a stone." unprivileged ; it is not the American
I know that he uses a hook to handle community trying to help the other races.
the bodies to avoid contamination. 1 Each priest about him closer drew his robe It is a brotherhood in which all work to
gazed upon the bones of sixty men and And from the place in haughty silence strode gether for the good of all. This is made
women, whitening in the summer sun, While self-accused the others followed fast evident by the 224 volunteer committee
telling a mute story of a cruel death Nor looked upon the woman as they passed men who have put their interest and ef
within a burning building—the work Who bowed her low in contrite shame—at fort into the work this year. Our mem
of the Turks. I have inspected the last. bers and workers come from all social
brands on forehead and chin of comely and racial groups, yet a notable spirit of
Armenian girls, placed there by their Then, Jesus smiled and touched the drooping harmony and unity prevails throughout
Turkish captors as a sign that the head, the whole organization."
shame of the Harem had been forced "Peace, Magdalene," He gendy to her said. Among the most important features
upon them. I know how it seems to Then, of forgiveness opening wide the door of the year's work mentioned by Mr.
watch hundreds of orphanage children The Master bade her go,—but—sin no more. Killam, are the following: Nuuanu De
running to and fro between the build partment $10,000 campaign. (This cam
ings in the winter time, and realize paign, in which there were over fifteen
The Best in Fifty-three Years
that if America had sent one third of hundred contributors in the Oriental
her cast off shoes to Armenia there NINETEEN hundred twenty-one has community made it evident that the en
would be enough protection for little seen a larger volume of service and tire community believes in the work of
feet to keep them from leaving blood a more fully rounded program than any the Nuuanu Department.) University of
tracks in the snow. other year of the local Association's fif Hawaii work started ; high school work
ty-three years of history." strengthened ; Kaneohe High School
"After seeing such things as this,
This striking sentence in the 1921 re conference ; boys' vacation school ; boys'
how can I stop this work and go ahead
port of Lloyd R. Killam, general secre camps ; young men's division organized ;
about a more pleasant task?"
tary of the Y. M. C. A., furnishes the worker for Hawaiian-born Japanese; au
Mrs. Hahn spoke at Central Union keynote of a clear-cut, though compre tomobile school development; Father
church Sunday morning, February 12, hensive review of the year's work. In and Son week; Week of Prayer; Thrift
at the University of Hawaii at 11 substantiation of it are facts and figures Week ; Fred B. Smith visit ; increased
o'clock Monday morning, February 13, which are stupendous when reckoned as cooperation with the churches ; Annual
at a tea given by Mrs. Harold Dilling character-building influences in the com Secretarial Conference and Staff Organi
ham at 3:30 o'clock, February 13, at munity. The outstanding totals which zation.
Punahou school February 15, at Mrs. Mr. Killam gives are worth the consid The report continues :
Walter Dillingham's home Saturday eration of everyone : "There is not time to tell the personal
morning at 10 o'clock, at St. Andrews Total number of members. 2196. stories with which the day's work of
Parish at 11 o'clock Sunday morning. Central, 1667. every section is crowded full ; of the de
February 19. and at the Portuguese Nuuanu, 429. spairing men helped to employment ; of
and Japanese churches on Sunday eve Total number different members dur street boys helped through night school
ning. ing the year, 3452. on to the road of self-respect ; of run
February, 1922. THE FRIEND 35

away hoys restored to their parents ; of prayer and mediation, entitled "The The first time I saw him he was
those on the hrink of moral pitfalls Fellowship of Prayer," covering the shambling up a cocoanut tree, in Ja-
whose courage has been revived ; of the period from Ash Wednesday to Easter, macia, gripping the bark with his
strong and wholesome, whose strength has been prepared by the Federal Coun "nippers." Away in the top was a
has been preserved and set to work as cil's Commission on Evangelism for the dead-ripe cocoanut he had selected for
sisting others. Of such stories there is use of the Churches. his breakfast. He cut it off with his
no end. They warm our hearts and are claw and it smashed to the ground.
The plan was begun last year, when
the chief reward of those serving the Down he scuttled backwards, and be
"The Fellowship of Prayer" at Lenten
Association, whether volunteer or em gan to tear off the outer husk, fiber by
time was adopted officially by two de fiber. It was slow, hard work. I won
ployed."
nominations and also used by thou dered why he didn't eat some of the
The following recommendations form
sands of members of other churches. germinating nuts that had swelled
the climax of the report :
So notable were the results felt to be until they had burst the shell open, as
1. That we continue all the present
that this year a special Lenten Fellow
lines of work. the hogs were doing. But, evidently,
ship Committee was created by the
2. That in view of the prevailing he was after quality more than quan
Commission on Evangelism to secure a
hoodlumism among boys in Honolulu, tity; the best was none too good for
wider observance of the Lenten season
that the boys' work be extended and in him, and he was willing to pay the
and the use of the special "Fellowship"
creased, emphasis being put upon posi price.
booklet. This Committee has consisted
tive Christian character building work.
of Rev. F. L. Fagley (Congregational), For, after he had stripped off the
3. That in view of the great value to
Chairman ; Rev. Oscar M. Voorhees husk, from which our cocoanut mats
the health and character of boys of
(Reformed in America), and Mr. Wil and brushes are made, there was the
camping, steps be taken to secure' a per
liam A. Harbison (Presbyterian). The hard-as-bone inner shell. How con
manent camp site.
booklet is issued by the Federal Coun he break through that? If you have
4. That more emphasis be put upon cil, the financial responsibility, however,
volunteer workers in order that greatly ever tried to pound a ripe cocoanut
being assumed by the Congregational
enlarged programs of work may be car open, you sympathize with him. Watch
and the Reformed Churches. It is
ried out. him! Have your eyes been sharp
brought out in such large quantities
5. That the fellowship training work enough to notice the three small
that it can be furnished at two cents
be extended in order that we may render each when ordered in lots of five or holes, or "eyes" in one end of the nut?
our full measure of service to the lands more. Well, his have; and into two of them
of the Pacific and at the same time assure he bores his claws, using them as le
Honolulu of having a strong secretarial "The Fellowship of Prayer" is a vers to break the three holes into onr
staff. series of studies on Luke's Gospel. Be If he succeeds, he will have rather
6. That effort be made to secure funds ginning with Ash Wednesday, a Scrip easy sailing, scooping the meat out
for additional dormitories for the Cen ture reading, a hymn, and suggestions through the opening he makes.
tral building and new dormitories for the for meditation and prayer, are given
for each day until Easter Sunday. But if he fails there, does he give
Nuuanu building. The need for both of
. Special prayers have also been prepared it up as a bad job? No, I commend
these is impressed upon us daily.
for each week. It is hoped that as a his grit and perseverance to you. He
7. That the importance of additional
result hundreds of thousands of people isn't looking for the cheapest thing.
endowment funds be constantly brought
will be led into a new appreciation of but is ready to pay the price for the
to the attention of Association friends,
the Gospel of Luke by thus reading it best. To the top of the tree he climbs
in order that the work may be stabilized
as a whole during the Lenten season. by one claw, carrying the nut in th
and extended.
For use in connection with "The Fel other. It's a harder climb than the
"1 cannot close this report without ex lowship of Prayer" special copies of the
pressing my gratitude to those who have first.
Gospel of Luke in convenient form to
made this splendid work possible, to the go with the "Fellowship" booklet can From the top of the tree he throws
community for its moral and financial be secured for five cents each from the the nut down on the rocks below, hop
support, to the large group of volunteer Federal Council's offices. ing to crack it thus. If he fails, is he
workers, for the service rendered and to
my fellow employed officers, whose un discouraged? Watch him! Back he
selfish and untiring effort has in no small My Neighbor Robber Crab goes up the tree again—and, if neces
degree been responsible for the work ac By John F. CovJan sary, again, until he gains his goal.
complished, and to Almighty God in
Whose name we go forth in service to He was about two feet high, dressed The owner of the cocoanut grove
the men and boys of Honolulu." in a brown suit, and looked half-hu- calls him a "robber crab," but I call
man-half-monkey. His long legs were him a plucky fellow, whose aim is
Churches Unite in Lenten Plan attached to the middle of his body, high (sometimes thirty feet) and never
and when he walked on them he was "crabs" except when he is descending
THE Lenten season this year is being
half erect. His hands were two-finger the tree. He sticks to his job as if
made the occasion for a more united
emphasis upon the development of the ed and the finger nails, sharp-pointed, he fed on gum arabic. and—well. I wish
devotional life. A series of topics for met like a pair of steel pincers. I were as game as he is.
36 THE FRIEND February, 1922.

it is our foremost duty to make the

Influences that Have Made Japan greatest efforts to remove all causes
of misunderstanding and disagreement
In this remarkable article Prince Iyesato The American Bible Society at Tokyo which are likely to cast a shadow over
Tokugawa tells why Japan became mili
taristic, of the growth and influence of can never print enough Bibles to meet the bright relationship between our two
Christianity in Japan, and how America the ever increasing demand. nations.
saved Japan from the opium evil and of When Japan had just opened her
the friendship of the two nations in the There is no doubt that Christianity
past. This is one of a series of signed has already spread its roots wide and doors to foreign intercourse sixty years
articles by men attending the Conference deep in Japanese soil. ago the representatives of European
on Limitation of armament secured by the Governments were inclined to deal with
Federal Council of Churches as part of The Japanese newspapers, magazines
its campaign of education in behalf of an the Japanese with undue severity. In
and fiction of today bear testimony to
ultimate "warless world." It assumes no that period, the representative of the
responsibility for the views expressed. this statement. The prevailing popu
United States, Townsend Harris, em
lar conception of mankind and human
Washington, Jan. 10—As a delegate phatically disagreed with his European
ity, and of liberty, equality and frater
to the great conference now being held colleagues and stood for tolerance and
nity, may be directly or indirectly
at Washington I bring to all the people moderation.
traced to Christianity. Because of these
of the United States, a message of I need not recount here the numerous
things I have been interested in watch instances in which America showed her
good will and fraternity from my com
ing the activities of the churches of self generous and sympathetic towards
patriots at home.
America through the Federal Council
Japan, but I feel constrained to men
The task of the conference is re of Churches in behalf of peace. They tion just one notable example. When
ligious. I think I can say this without have exercised a great influence not Townsend Harris was about to con
irreverence, because this conference only in America but throughout the clude a treaty with Japan he advised
is organized upon an exalted plane, world. The campaign of education has
our Government to include in the pro
and is animated with high ideals. The been specially effective. posed treaty a clause prohibiting the
injection of American idealism into
I hope I will not tax your patience importation of opium, that pernicious
international affairs is the most refresh
if I take the liberty of presenting a drug which was foisted upon China
ing thing in the modern world. In
brief survey of Japan's foreign inter by cunning traders and which has been
this enlightened age diplomacy should
course since we opened our doors. sending thousands upon thousands of
purge itself from Machiavelism, and
Chinese unto their doom.
international politics should be lifted In giving such a survey, we must You have undoubtedly heard a great
above selfishness and greed. inevitably hark back to the American-
deal about militarism in Japan. But
Japan has come to the conference Japanese treaty in 1854, the first foreign
if you really understand the history of
intending to offer upon the altar of treaty Japan has ever concluded.
Japan's foreign intercourse, you will
international peace the soothing in The first article of that historic appreciate the circumstances which gave
fluence of love and charity without treaty says : birth to what you may call Japanese
jeopardizing her safety or existence. militarism. Then you will know how-
"There shall be a perfect, permanent
Because of this spirit in all delega to sympathize with Japan instead of
and universal peace and a sincere and
tions, I feel justified in saying that the assuming a critical attitude toward her.
cordial amity between the United States
work of the conference is a work of When Japan opened relations with
of America on the one part, and the
religion, and of the church. Because the foreign world it wds the power
Empire of Japan on the other part, and
I think this to be true I am doubly of militarism which impressed her most
between their peoples respectively, with
happy to be with you here—you who forcibly. The ships that came from
out exception of persons or places."
are interested in the work of God. the south were warships. The ships
Words fail me when I try to tell that came from America were warships.
Ninety-three years ago there was
you how highly we prize the spirit The ships that came from Russia were
held in Brookline, Massachusetts, a
embodied in this article. I want all warships. So the Japanese got the
prayer meeting, invoking the assist
of you Americans to cherish that ar idea that militarism was the only thing
ance of the Great Being to let Japan,
ticle, and be proud of it as we are. worth while. To them, militarism and
then a hermit nation enjoying arcadian
foreign countries were synonymous.
peace, see the wisdom of opening her When we look back over recent de From the very beginning of her in
door to America and general foreign velopments of American Japanese re tercourse with Western Powers, the
intercourse. A sum of $600 was col lations, are we—the Americans as well feeling of self-preservation was deeply
lected at this and other similar meet as the Japanese,—sure that we have no instilled in her bosom. She was made
ings, and the money was sent to the reason to be ashamed of ourselves in to feel that from four corners of the
American Mission Board for the pur the face of that noble article of the earth enemies were pressing forward
pose of launching a Christian move first treaty between our two countries? against her. And when she looked out
ment in Japan.
The first treaty between Japan and of the windows she had just opened,
That was ninety-three years ago. America was signed by your distin she saw a spectacle which offered no
Today Japan has 200,000 members of guished sailor, Commodore Mathew Gal- consolation to her. She saw most of
the Protestant church, as well as Chris braith Perry. If we are not to tarnish the Asiatic countries placing themselves
tian adherents numbering more than a the escutcheons of our forefathers who under the foreign yoke. She saw her
million. concluded that monumental instrument, immediate neighbor, China, shorn of
February, 1922. THE FRIEND 37

her outlying territories. And yet China

was, at that time, still regarded as a Trie Relation of Education to National and
sleeping giant infinitely more power International Policy
ful than Japan.
Japan's fear of the West became even By Edward O. Sisson
more intense when, only three years
after the Chinese war those very WORLD thinking is not new. Proj own national existence and upon our .
powers, which had compelled her to ects for the whole "orbis terramm" dearest political ideas. But it is an open
give up what she had rightfully se dot the pages of history, but none of secret that we are yet far from perfec
cured from China, began* to slice up for them has yet triumphed. Most of these tion in what is even more important than
themselves large sections of China. projects sought to make one race su war-patriotism, that is peace-patriotism.
Confronted by formidable hostile na preme over all the rest. They were We must have a devotion that keeps
tions one after another, Japan's ener pan-something, pan-Assyrian, pan-Per burning of its own virtue, in the absence
gies were devoted to the perfection of sian, pan-Greek, pan-Roman, pan-Span of the fierce stimuli of war. This is the
military establishment. ish, and latest and let us trust the last, acid test of democracy, yet at the same
pan-German. All the pan-schemes one time infinitely difficult of accomplish
I was reading Mr. Herbert Adams
after the other suffered decay or catas ment.
Gibbons' interesting book "The New
Map of Asia." In it I came across a trophe, or both. Every would-be super- FINAL TEST OF EDUCATION
striking passage, which revealed a race has come to grief, and none of them The final test of American education
keen insight on the part of the author. with a more dramatic and sudden dis is the production of the democratic
I should like to read it for you. Says aster than Germany. "But yesterday the mind. The essential element in the
Mr. Gibbons : word of Caesar might have stood against democratic mind consists in will-atti
the world ; now none so poor to do him tudes. These will-attitudes are as defi
"The diplomacy of the European
reverence." nite and specific as the power to speak
powers in China at the end of the nine
The terrible thing is that Germany English or to play the piano—and infi
teenth century made the Japanese feel
almost pulled down the world with her nitely more vital to the political ends of
that salvation lay in the development
in her fall. How have the innocent suf our country, both national and interna
of force to oppose force. China was
fered with the guilty ! If we invite our tional. It is probable that they are al
unable or unwilling to resist European
fears to play prophet they would surely most as much the result of education as
aggression. The European powers re of anything else, but the conditions of
show us a vision of still another super-
fused to subscribe to the American their development and the method of
race—God knows which—armed with a
policy of the open door and equal op their operation are hidden in the recesses
thousand new means of destruction,
portunity, the national safety of Japan of the psychic nature; the science of
again running amuck, and this time,
and of the Far East depended upon the falling in ruin herself as in the past, but mind has thus far penetrated very little
Japanese Army and Navy. The Japa into this part of its field. The produc
only after the whole power and beauty
nese believed that everything had to of Man has been wounded to the death. tion of these will-attitudes is by far the
be subordinated to the responsibility most potent phase of education, and the
they must assume of opposing the For decades and indeed for centuries
best efforts of our research should be
further extension of European eminent Prussian education under the control of
directed to the whole problem of the
domain." the state labored with unmurmuring
education of the volitional nature. In
This is the history—the past history, fidelity and marvellous efficiency at the
a saying too little known or heeded,
of what you might term "Japanese task of working over human babies into
Lincoln defined the democratic will-atti
Militarism." But times have changed, Prussians. The world has had a com
plete lesson, if it will only learn it, in tude thus : "As I would not be a slave,
and the world is advancing. The policy so I would not be a master. This is
of aggression and of military rivalry the thoroughgoing, vigorous, unflinching
application of education to national ends. my idea of democracy. What differs
is gone. In place of it, a new spirit from this, by the extent of that dif
of international good understanding In America the great danger is the ex
act opposite. I hazard the statement that ference, is not democracy."
and cooperation has been called into
no other institution in the world has so A notable sign of the times in
existence. Japan is not slow to rea
lize this change. She is ready to walk closely approximated the loftiest princi business and in industry is the in
abreast with the progress of the world, ples of democracy as the American pub crease of the democratic mind in the
and she looks to the future with hope lic school. Indeed I cannot personally relations of employer and employed,
and confidence. doubt that it is among the greatest and and of business concerns and the public.
truest embodiments thus far achieved of The business man who exults in the sub
I have imposed upon your good na the spirit of Jesus himself. servience of his fellow-townsmen would
ture already too much. I shall not take be shocked to think that he is a disloy
any more of your time. Let me thank PEACE-PATRIOTISM VITAL
alist ; yet his conduct negates the first
you once more for your kindness in Because the spirit of our school is great utterance of the great Declaration
giving me the pleasure of meeting you sound we found we had attained a splen of Independence. The American who
and making these remarks, which in did war-patriotism. Once into the war, permits his own private interest to blind
adequate as they are, spring from the we comprehended our task because it him to the rights and welfare of another
sincerest wish for a better understand was definite and simple. We threw all people must understand that he has to
ing between your country and mine. our energies into it because we were that extent fallen to the level of the
and indeed among all nations. thrilled with its vital bearing upon out autocratic exploiter who has been the
38 THE FRIEND February, 1922.

curse of international relations and who Scriptures, which has no bearing at all Writing to the "Record of Christian
always obstructs the advance of the great on the indubitable facts of the potent in Work," Mr. Crawford has the following
world principle that the Declaration of fluence which Hebraism and Christianity to say concerning a "cold-as-ice French
Independence, first of all political docu have played in our life and development. Madam" who wept when she saw the
ments, laid down. It is time that we at least recognize that happy faces of the native Christians.
European culture and especially modern Those acquainted with Crawford's in
IMPORTANCE OF COOL) WILL democracy draw a vital part of their imitable style would know at once that
The supreme test of democratic educa being from the teachings of Jesus of these paragraphs were from the pen of
tion is to foster good-will and equip it Nazareth, and that is true quite regard the unique character who is Livingston's
with intelligence concerning its job. For less of the historical truth of any or all successor in the African jungles :
good-will you may take, if you prefer, a of the so-called bible.
"There is nothing like the dovetailing
half-dozen other terms—loyalty, unsel There is no single need of education of divine deeds into the daily surround
fishness, public spirit, humanity; perhaps greater than the enlightenment of all the ings of our life here," continues Mr.
best of all the great word of all reli youth in the elementary truths and con Crawford. "Take this real case of 'as
gions, love. Only the shallow or the in cepts of those branches of human others see us:' the picture you get is
human will be moved to sneer at these thought known commonly as economics, not a carnal fake but a thrilling cer
words; only the purblind will fail to see sociology, and politics. Every young tainty.
that these things, so immaterial, so far citizen should be introduced to the best
beyond the grasp of the senses, are the clear scientific truth concerning money, "Two of our workers (God's, rather),
most practical things on earth. It is labor and capital, human welfare, and were returning after a month's voyage
easy enough to unite with people you the actual practice as well as the domi round the lake, and the government ad
like and help your friends. The real nant principles of government. By such ministrator was sitting on our verandah
test of the will-attitude comes in uniting means as these, and many others, we with his wife. Cold outsiders, and Roman
with people you don't like, or think you may pursue our great ends, seek ever to Catholics ; yes, as critical as cold. Two
don't like, or in helping people you don't raise our youth from the narrowness of make-believe 'untouchables.' Then the
want to help. "If you love your friends selfish aims, and the poverty of mate great burst of welcoming song to God's
what credit have you ?" asks Jesus. "The rialism, to the richness of human rela praise began down the long street, grow
heathen do that. But I say unto you. tions and the nobility of idealism—to ing in volume as the returning ones
love your enemies." The stone which foster his sense of the beauty of his own draw nearer with this processional choral
the builders rejected—it must ultimately land and his own people, and at the same welcome: hymns of God, heart-warming
become the head of the corner. time of the common humanity which hymns of welcome to the thrice wel
transcends language and customs and come ones.
FAULTS OF HISTORY
complexions, knowing always that the
To this end we need a totally different aims of the nation and the great im "They are now coming up the Palm
treatment and content in history. To pulses of world order can be realized Avenue. Then it is the dramatic thing
begin with our own history, at least two- only if and when the prevailing majority happens. What do you think? The cold-
thirds of the present content of our text of the people have themselves attained as-ice French madam bursts into sobbing
books and teaching is, to use the legal the necessary qualities of intelligence tears, and weeps with a will, so affected
phrase, irrelevant, incompetent and im and heart. is she at the sweet-faced singers praising
material. Worse, if possible, is the treat his name. The surprise was ours more
ment of world history. The student is than hers who knows what goes on
dragged through a weary and meaning High Priest Replies under the skin of stand-offish folks?
less mass of wars and politics of media-
val and modern Europe, hardly ever A reply to the article, "American " 'Oh,' she cried, 'it is the happy faces
reaching to the time in which our own Buddhist Ceremony," written by Rev. I am weeping about !•'
world begins. He may also get a year Albert W. Palmer, has been received
in so-called ancient history, from which from M. T. Kirby. "High Priest," with "This 'changed face' is all the more
he emerges with a sense of complete de headquarters at the Hongvvanji temple. striking because the average native is
tachment as from reading a fairy tale or The article will be held until the re clever with his changing countenance.
a historical romance—without ever hav turn of Mr. Palmer on or about March Knowing its telltale tendency his rule is
ing tasted the delight afforded by such fourteenth. to lead off with arranging it for indiffer
reading. I must here protest or at least
deplore the almost entire exclusion of the ence to or (if possible) ignorance of the
prevailing topic. How different in 2 Cor
Hebraic and the Christian element from
our school courses in history. This has
"M3) Link With Livingston" inthians 1.11, where concerning divine
been the result of two things : our politi DAN CRAWFORD'S love of epi thanksgiving it is written that 'from
cal separation of church and state— grams is again demonstrated by
many faces (Greek) thanks may be
which God forbid, that we should ever the title of a new book, manuscript for
given.'
abate one jot, but which certainly should which is to be sent to Doran & Co.
not denature the true account of the very soon. The book is to be called "Later. As a great surprise from the
history and revolution of our world— "My Link With Livingston,'" and is said East came a solemn traveler. Father Pul
and the scientific objection to much of to be specific on some data unknown to ley by name. He beat all the mere talk
the content of the Hebrew and Christian the outside world.
February, 1922. THE FRIEND y>

ers. for he did the deed and actually got him a safe canoe trip across with the for this is what the letter winds up with,
reached this Luanza of ours. He used great moon on the Great Lake, a memory 'What did you do with Father Pulley"''
his eyes, shut his mouth, then preached for life. Now comes a note from the He returned wondering about all sorts of
by interpretation a very solid gospel ; British official on the East shore. Seem- things, and was anxious to know who
then we prayed, and after three days I ingly the silent man did a lot of talking, engineered the works of Luanza.' "

Chief Justice Wang on China

Americans will understand China better the engines of war ; it in no way re the four seas are brothers" and en
after reading this unusual article by Dr.
Chung Hui Wang, of the Chinese delega moves the causes of war. joined our forefathers "Do not do unto
tion and Chief Justice of the Supreme others that ye would not have others
Jourt of China. He is a Christian, having Peace, after all, is a moral concep
do unto you."
been educated with Dr. Sao-Ke Alfred Sze tion, and the moral aspect of the ques
ind Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo at an Ameri tion should not be lost sight of. We The light that China had, she gave
can mission school—St. John's College, are all aware that nations have been freely to her surrounding nations, such
Shanghai. This is one of a series of
signed aritcles by men attending the Con accustomed to deal with one another as Japan, Korea, Siam and others.
ference on Limitation of Armament se in a manner in which no decent man China's history has been written for
cured by the Federal Council of Churches dares to deal with his neighbors. Ex the past four thousand years in ac
as part of its campaign of education in
behalf of an ultimate "warless world." It tortion is illegal and immoral, but as cordance with the standard of justice.
assumes no responsibility for the views between nations it is dignified by the China is historically the champion of
expressed. Latin word ultimatum. If two men peace and of international good under
agree between themselves to do some* standing.
Washington, Jan. 11 —Mankind from
time immemorial has been seeking for thing illegal to a third person, it is On the other side of the Pacific
happiness. Gradually, step by step, ex conspiracy, pure and simple ; but in Ocean stands the United States of
perience has taught us that in order international dealings this is known as America as the youngest son of West
to have happiness, truth and justice are a treaty or international understanding. ern civilization. It has been called
the requisites. Falsehood and injustice Now, Ultimatum and "international the New World, it has been the haven
not only injure the individual but even understanding" are, in the popular of safety for many millions of the
great nations have been reduced by mind, rather mild and innocent expres oppressed. On account of its rich
the natural reaction to their deeds, into sions ; but extortion and conspiracy national inheritance from Nature, the
a state of misery and oblivion. Such immediately arouses the moral con vast territories and the strength and
great mottoes as "Liberty, Equality and demnation of all. Why? Because our genius of the people ; realizing the su
Fraternity," such human documents as standard of international morality has preme folly of mankind in rival arma
the Magna Charta and the Declaration remained almost the same as it was ment ; sympathizing with the great
of Independence, and in fact all the among the primitive tribes. sufferings of all mankind groaning
teachings of the great religions, have The world has in its history de under the staggering taxation ; a voice
aimed to give mankind the principles veloped two great civilizations, one in has been raised as from the wilderness
or tenents by which the human race the West and one in the East. The to proclaim the message of good will
might learn the secret of happiness. Western civilization is composed of the to all mankind. It may be known as
Unfortunately, hitherto these teachings early Greek and Roman culture, en "American Idealism" or "Altruism," but
have not always been applied to deal riched by the contribution of Teutonic whatever its name, it is an expression
ings between nations as between in of an inner desire to crown the Prince
vigour and Christianity.
ch' iduals, so that wars have not been of Peace.
prevented and consequently, the world This branch of civilization has been
On the one side of the Pacific Ocean,
is still full of sufferings. carried to all parts of Europe, then
it crossed the Atlantic ocean and found there is China the historical home of
a new home in the United States of peace, and on the other, the New World
The great thought that has been
America. About a hundred years ago advocating the same doctrine of Peace
moving mankind for the past few years
it began to cross the Pacific Ocean and on Earth. Therefore, it seems oppor
is how to find a means of securing
now it is penetrating the continent of tune during this Conference for Dis
permanent peace throughout the world.
Asia. But China represents the home armament, that representatives of China
Disarmament was the formula that was
of the Eastern civilization which is and America should promote a better
worked out at the Peace Conference
understanding between the two peoples
at Paris ; it is the formula that is be one of. long development, slow growth
ing worked out at the present Confer and natural evolution. The dominant It seems futile for us to wish for
ence. Disarmament is good so far as note of that civilization is peace. It peace, if nations are not prepared to
it goes, and in saying so I do not wis! lacks the knowledge of science and all raise the standard of morality in inter
to be misunderstood as belittling the the improvements developed through national relations. If individuals com
great and noble work of the Confer the discovery of the power of steam mit acts not in accordance with the
ence, but I do believe that something and electricity. Two thousand and laws of morality, the officers of law
more is needed for a lasting world five hundred years ago our great phil axe required to take action against
peace; for disarmament merely reduces osopher taught that "all men within them, but on the contrary, hitherto im
40 THE FRIEND February. 1922.

moral actions on the part of nations mankind. For God means to build up very short. Several months after I was
have not been similarly dealt with. in that land some characteristic man baptized, I graduated from a local high
The recourse to war is not an ade hood which shall help to complete the school and became a wage earner. At
quate punishment, as here the officer civilization of the world. once I realized that the business world
may get punished himself. As a matter was not such a "Utopia" filled with
of fact, today we not only see the na As individual relationship one na ideal men as 1 dreamed it to be. I
tions suffering from the wars in which tion should treat another as brothers. found the great majority of my co
they have been involved, but even Only in this way can national prejudice, workers very materialistic. It dawned
neutral nations enduring want and pri bigotry and narrow mindness which upon me that everybody was looking
vation. So long therefore, as nations are the principal causes of war be for his own end. I began to feel that
remain unreformed morally, so long eradicated. When this new idea of if I wanted to hold my place among
there will be wars and human suffering. international fellowship is instilled into these men I must become one of them
the mind and sowed in the breast of —speak, act and think like them. I
At one time in the course of human every living soul, then injustice and went so far as to doubt the practica
history, a man from the next town, selfishness which have so often been bility of the doctrine of Christianity.
tribe, state, or nation was always an made the basis of national policy and Gradually, I began to forget that I hail
object of derision. He might be laughed conduct will give way to justice and once taken an oath to follow the teach
at, despised, ill-treated or murdered altruism ; then the "dreadnaught" and ings of Christ ; many a blessing tie-
without much compunction on the part the "mailed fist" will yield to reason stowed upon me was taken as a matter
of the natives. But thanks to the and righteousness and Tennyson's of course; my daily prayer was a thing
modern form of communication, there dream of "the parliament of men, the of the past and I was very seldom
is now a closer bond of fellowship be federation of the world" which was found at church. In other words, I
tween the inhabitants of the earth. The merely a poetic fancy, will be an ac began to think that as long as a per
dictates of conscience and the teachings complished fact. son lived without harming anyone or
of the brotherhood of mankind have
"Universal peace and brotherhood doing wrong, he was living a life equal
gradually led to better mutual under
of men" which Confucious taught the to that of a Christian. A year of this
standing and good-will. It appears indifference as to the spiritual phase
to me therefore that by promoting a people of the East and Christ taught
the people of the West, centuries ago, of my life continued. Little by little
closer bond of international fellowship, I began getting dissatisfied with every
many causes for friction and misunder will be something more than religious
gospel. The time will come when the thing I did and I looked upon every
standing can be removed. one with distrust.
impassioned lips of the world's patri
Raising the standard of international ots will take up Symond's noble hymn :
morality and promoting a closer bond Eighteen months had passed since
"Nation with nation, land with land, I became a backslider, and I was rest
of international fellowship—these I con Unarmed shall live as comrades free ;
sider the cornerstones of lasting World- less as ever. I was really getting tired
In every heart and brain shall throb of the way I lived but still I could
peace. . The pulse of one fraternity." find no way of remedying it. Then one
I have read with great admiration evening during the summer of 1919,
"The Creed for Believers in a Warless I was seized with a peculiar feeling of
World" as outlined by the Commission Mj) Struggles to Become a sadness and disappointment and for
on International Justice and Good-Will the first time in a full year and a
of the Federal Council of the Churches
Good Christian
half, I knelt down beside my bed and
of Christ in America. Upon that basis. This article was written by a young Ori prayed to God that I may be helped
I believe also there will be no wars. ental whose experiences are not unlike those
of many young men of the present day. Cer to find my way back to God. In all
It is my fervent belief that however tainly they are not peculiar, to the Oriental my life this was one of my most
profound your knowledge, however who entering into the life of a Christian
nation often fails to find it the Utopia of his earnest prayers. From that day, I de
transcendental your philosophy and
dreams. termined never to forsake my Lord and
however benign your religion, humanity
will ever be the sphere of your activity. A little over four years ago, I de although I am far from being an ideal
In the solution of great social problems, cided to surrender myself to Christ and Christian, my faith in the teachings of
we need only take into consideration lead my life according to His teachings. Jesus Christ has grown to such an ex
the human fact. For a while my eagerness to find the tent that my days are filled with ra
golden rule of conduct in God and His diant hope and happiness. I now feel
On one July the Fourth, Phillips
ways induced me to attend church ser that I am responsible to God alone
Brooks was asked to give a sermon at
vices every Sunday and a day never for everything I do, and my daily ac
the Westminster Abbey of London. He
passed without a word of prayer from tions are governed by this strong con
spoke in terms of a world citizen and
my heart. As I look back upon these viction. My faith in God is becoming
a Christian prophet and he asked the
days, I can well recall how sincere stronger and stronger every day ; my
English congregation to pray with him
and humble I was in trying my utmost evening prayer is an added blessing
that the blessings from on high might
to follow the Saviour's teachings ; what to me. The prodigal son has returned
rest upon the strange meeting of the
races in America, of which a new race a child-like trust I possessed in God. to his Father never to forsake Him
is being born and upon all that the Unfortunately, however, this sublime again.
life of the United States may mean to period in my life was destined to be S. K.
 THE FRIEND

Taken in a local kindergarten, this picture furnishes a charming illustration for the article,
"Eastertide Music in the Church School," by Mary Ely, on page 57.

Are Hawaii's Problems and Privileges Known

to the Mainland?
The Answer is in Three Notable Articles in
this Issue.

HONOLULU MARCH, 1922 HAWAII

50 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, MARCH, 1922. No. 3.

nTne Hawaiian Islands, "Trie American Laboratory"

By Fred B. Smith

PtH WAS very glad to have the oppor- escape, for whether they will or no, peans, but it never had such heated
■■J tunity of a fifth visit to the Ha here they are and must either find a elements in it at any one time as this
waiian Islands, and also glad for an un basis of cooperative, friendly working population represents in the mid-Pacific
expected delay in sailing which gave and the most westerly of all the im
opportunity for some unhurried contact i i A MERICA will do well to be mediate American territories.
with the real situation there, and was ** generous with these earnest There isn't a tint of color or an ac
happily surprised in the discovery of a people (of the Hawaiian Islands) cent of tongue which is anywhere found
very vital link in the problems of and give them every facility to work on the shores of the Pacific Ocean but
American relationship with the Orient. out successfully this problem to which that in some form is represented here
Feeling rather familiar with Honolulu they have set themselves. Hawaii is under the American Government. I had
and the people there, it had not oc a good spot for a laboratory, not only the privilege of attending flag drill one
curred to me that anything of unusual because here the East is literally get morning at the Kaiulani public school,
significance would attach to this stop as ting acquainted with the West, but seventeen hundred students enrolled,
hearing directly upon the main purpose forty different nationalities among them.
also in view of the fact that here is
of the tour. I shared the average During the exercises fourteen different
where nearly everybody going East
tourist's appreciation of this wonderful groups, representing as many nations,
spot, famous for tropical foliage, glori or going West 'changes cars.' I be
marched out under the great waving
ous in mountain scenery, fascinating in lieve it would be a good thing if a Stars and Stripes and each in turn, after
bathing beaches, almost unequaled in rule could be established that every saluting, repeated a poem or verse of
climate, rich in sugar and pineapple American on his first trip to the their own selection, upon their love for
plantations and highly endowed in noble Orient would be required to stop a the flag, and then the whole school
people, but I was to find a fact more month in Honolulu and be taken into sang the "Star-Spangled Banner" to
valuable to the American future than the heart of what is going on there." gether.
all of these combined except the latter. There is not another spot on earth
So speaks Fred B. Smith, lecturer-
Without human intention or plan I where at any one time so many varied
peacemaker. Why he believes this
found a most remarkable piece of ex tongues from faces of so many hues of
perimental laboratory work being car to be so, and why Hawaii's efforts color sing the national hymn of a coun
ried out there upon the vexed questions may be classed as a "splendid try. All of these children were born
of racial and international human re achievement in good-will," he tells under the American flag and are to re
lationships, the test being the more in one of the most electrically charged main American citizens for life. Mrs.
.aluable because those engaged in it articles on Hawaii ever written. This Fraser, the principal, and others of the
are not theorists or expert students, but was sent to The Christian Work faculty expressed positive certainty that
are just common people forced to meet during his recent stay in Honolulu, their loyalty to the country was genuine.
and solve these questions for practical and has had wide circulation on the I hurried from this school to an in
every-day living results, and as is often mainland. ternational luncheon which was given
the case, they are discovering principles in the Oriental branch of the Y.M.C.A.
which may become of inestimable value together or accept the final crisis of About a hundred picked men were pres
to future generations not only of Amer force and the survival of the strongest. ent, selected from the American, Jap
icans but to the whole Pacific Ocean In the Territory they have 275,000 anese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Portu
peoples. population, of which 114,000 are Jap guese and Hawaiian groups. I was
The first fact to be noted is that anese, 37,000 white Americans, 25,000 called upon to speak upon the impor
here, as in no other spot in the world, Portuguese, 23,000 Filipinos, 22,000 tance of friendship among nations and
the races of the Occident and the Chinese, 21,000 native Hawaiian*, 7,000 peace as a permanent policy throughout
Orient are meeting, not as passers-by, Koreans, 5,000 Porto Ricans, and the the world. Then followed responses
but as fellow citizens of a permanent rest scattered from every Asiatic spot from one of each of the types present.
life, where all must work and live to known. The East Side of New York The most impressive of all these ad
gether a common life. There is no City may be a melting pot for Euro dresses was bv the Hon. C. Yada, Con
 THE FRIEND March, 1922.
52

sul General of Japan. He pleaded for all the islands were holding their an Second, practice the square deal doc
good-will and brotherhood in a manner nual convention, and met a good many trine. Give every fellow a fair chance
to leave no doubt but that he was a of them personally. They represented for his life.
part of the society springing up every the financial spinal column of the coun Third, have confidence in folks, be
where to promote permanent concord try, and would grace any assembly of lieve the other fellow means what he
in the world. business men of any type of enterprise says until the evidence proves to the
Among the guests were the Hon. anywhere in the world. Most of them contrary.
Wallace R. Farrington, the present Gov seemed to be Scotchmen, and I there Fourth, have patience. Don't insist
ernor; Judge Frear, an ex-Governor; fore knew the sugar industry was to be upon setting your own pace all the
and the great Judge Sanford B. Dole, a permanent success regardless of wind, time; wait for the fellow who seems to
the first Governor, intimate friends weather or politics. He would also find be slow.
themselves and all ardent apostles of one of the most advanced pieces of Fifth, magnify the Christian religion
the doctrine of friendship and brother Christian and philanthropic work being as the ultimate hope of permanence in
ly relations among all of these people. carried on anywhere in the world. I
friendly relations.
I believe if all the Presidents, Pre am not able to give the actual figures,
Of this latter point I have never
miers, Secretaries of Foreign Affairs but I believe there is more money in
visited any place, East, West, near East
and members of Parliaments and Con vested in enterprises of this kind in
or Far East, where the fundamental
gress could have been in that room and Honolulu according to the population,
people seemed to believe this more
could have felt its spirit they would than in any other city in the United
States. While I was there they put on fundamentally than they do in the Ha
have believed anew that war can be
their Annual Community Chest drive— waiian Islands.
abolished from the face of the earth.
Here are these mixed nations, crossed $270,000 the goal. They went, over the While the nations struggle for ad
and recrossed, different in. traditions of top in three days. Churches, schools, justments and the people suffer the
society, commerce and religion, but hospitals, settlement houses, Young penalties of useless war, I thank God
they are finding a way to live in har Men's Christian Associations, Young for this illustration being so success
mony, and their experience may be Women's Christian Associations—four fully worked out of good-will, even
worth billions of money and millions in buildings for the two latter represent among almost impossible races.
lives yet to be saved, in armed con ing over a half million dollars, all paid Since writing the earlier part of this
flicts averted in the future, by reason for. article I have talked with another
of this splendid achievement in good American of his impression of this
The American ought to see and feel
will. same spot. I am afraid he would not
this fused life before he rushes, raw,
America will do well to be generous draw the same conclusions. He said
into the Far East. The benefits would
with these earnest people and give them he had it upon "reliable information"
be equally profitable for the Oriental
every facility to work out successfully that the Japanese have secretly stored
going west to make a similar stop.
this problem to which they have set away shiploads of rifles and thousands
Here, in a life which is not soft, not
themselves. This is a good spot for of rounds of ammunition and are ready
colorless, God has in a wonderful way
this laboratory, not only because here at a signal from Tokyo to assassinate
set these people at this place where the
the East is literally getting acquainted Governor Farrington, slaughter the
tension is so severe, to live their lives
with the West, but also in view of the white people, and annex the island to
true, and at the same time to demon
fact that here is where nearly every Japan. He says the police of Honolulu
strate that such mixture can live in har
body going east or going west "changes are sold out to the prostitutes, and that
mony in this limited sphere, and there
cars." I believe it would be a good "half the city is given over to vice."
fore such a hope is not impossible, by
thing if a rule could be established that He says the Hawaiian Islands people
the same rule of conference, forbear
every American on his first trip to the say, "to hell with Washington and pro
ance and unselfishness, upon a world
Orient would be required to stop a hibition," and goes on to say there are
wide scale. The most impressive thing
month in Honolulu and be taken into "twice as many saloons in Honolulu as
in it all seems to be the fact that no
the heart of what is going on there. It there were five years ago." Isn't it
body started out to do a scientific thing
would calm down his conceit (per funny what different people find out in
based upon superior knowledge of bi
haps?). It would soften his voice so ology, racial traditions or "post-war re the same spot?
accustomed to blow and brag. It would construction." No great "congress" has But, lest the writer may seem to have
teach him that there is a wisdom in. been held, no "commissions" appointed been limited to one side of the question
the East that he can respect. He would to make a "long, exhaustive, intensive of life in Hawaii, it may be well to add
find a splendid illustration of business study" of the situation. that they have still severe strains in re
energy ; great business blocks, beautiful lationships, they have had some bad
homes, every modern principle of the Common sense, based upon the fruits
of that great Christianity planted by strikes, they may have some more. They
proper care of a city, and a real Ameri have submerged vice to contend with
can spirit. They exported in 1920 $145,- those early "foreign missionaries" who
came there when the wild men ruled in (none openly). They have violations
000,000 worth of products, $116,000,000
lust and passion, has led them to adopt of the Eighteenth Amendment. Not one
of it being sugar. They have $52,788,-
a few simple principles : open saloon. Sure, they have all the
000 in bank deposits. They have ca
First, get sympathetically acquainted struggles with every kind of carnality.
pacity to double and treble these figures.
with each other. Learn the other fel But the good is proving more potent
1 happened to be there when the mana
gers of the great sugar plantations from low's point of view. than the bad.
March, 1922. THE FRIEND S3

Before his departure for a diplomatic

Friend File in Official post in Siam, Counsul General Yada Student Volunteer
received the order of "Minister of
Archives Friendship" conferred by Governor Head Here
IT is of not a little interest to find that Farrington for the Pan-Pacific Union. Mr. R. P. Wilder, head of the Stu
the early files of The Friend contain Consul Yada is the first to receive this dent Volunteer Movement of the
degree which was instituted in memory World was a visitor in Honolulu dur
records which are to be obtained no
of Henry Stead, the great Australian ing the stay of the Hoosier State on
where else. Vital statistics, for instance,
journalist, who was an active worker March 10th. Mr. Wilder was enroute
are not officially recorded until 1896, so
in the Pan-Pacific movement. to the World Student Conference in
that for over fifty years The Friend fur
The trustees of the Pan-Pacific Union Peking where he will have an im
nishes almost the only material for many
together with representative citizens of portant part in the program.
historical facts. In view of this circum
Honolulu including Judge Dole, Gen While at Princeton Mr. R. P. Wil
stance, the Bureau of Official Archives,
eral Summerall and Admiral Simpson, der and his sister conceived the idea
headed by the efficient historian, Mr.
were present at the ceremonies. of a Student Volunteer Band and were
Robert Lydecker, has undertaken to in
dex the file of The Friend, if a file can able to interest twenty-three Prince
ton students in this work. Later in
be obtained and placed in the custody
of the Archives. Through the coopera
Some Facts Regarding the year twenty-three Student Volun
teers visited a four weeks' Conference
tion of the Bishop Museum and the Ha
waiian Historical Society, together with
Ckurch Membership at Mt. Hermon where they worked
private sources, Miss Ethel Damon, who From the annual statistical reports consistently and prayerfully to secure
is also engaged in the pursuit of two of the 106 churches of the Hawaiian one hundred volunteers. There were
other complete files, has agreed to give Evangelical Association, the following 240 delegates at the Conference and at
preference to the file in the Archives. summary has been made as of January the closing session one hundred of
In a few months a good deal has been 1, 1922. them signified their intention of vol
collected, quite enough, in fact, to dis There are 1116 members on the is unteering for the mission field.
credit the discouragement offered by old land of Kauai, 5892 on Oahu, 1355 in The leaders of the Student Volun
er and wiser collectors who covered the Maui County and 2244 on Hawaii, a teer movement set as their highest
same ground in earlier, and therefore total of 10,607. There are 5680 mem goal the securing of 1000 volunteers
more profitable years. It must be ad bers in the Hawaiian churches, 2147 in for the mission field. Up to date 9000
mitted, too, that the lure of an index to the Union Churches, 2095 in the Japa Student Volunteers have come forth
The Friend, a thing which heretofore nese churches, 783 in the Chinese from the colleges of America and 3000
has been furnished only spasmodically, churches, 599 in the Filipino churches from the colleges of England. Through
is a strong incentive. This index is now and 303 in the Portuguese churches. the efforts of Mr. Wilder and his asso
practically completed, as far as the file By a comparison with the figures of ciates, the interest in the Student Vol
has been obtained for the Archives, and January 1, 1921, it will be seen that unteer movement has been created in
is in constant use, for personal as well the Hawaiian churches have made a many of the European countries and
as historical reference. net gain of 48 members, the Union large numbers of students from all
churches have gained 100, the Japanese classes of society have given themselves
It is hoped that people who have old churches have lost 135, the Chinese to this cause.
copies of The Friend will be willing to churches have gained 30, the Filipino Mr. Wilder was formerly religious
cooperate in this quest, by communicat churches have gained 95 and the Por Work Secretary of the International
ing with the Editor. If the owners are tuguese churches have lost 4. The Committee of the Y. M. C. A., but dur
willing to contribute any of the missing total net gain throughout the islands ing recent years has been giving all his
numbers, a list of which follows, such has been 134, which is a much smaller time to the Student Volunteer move
numbers will be most gratefully received
number than usual. ment.
and acknowledged. If not, postage and Kauai shows a net gain of 77, Oahu a During his brief stay in Honolulu he
a reasonable price will be sent gladly in gain of 15, Maui 28 and Hawaii 14. spoke to the Hawaiian Board and va
exchange for arty of the following num The total enrollment in the Sunday rious groups of Christian workers, the
bers: Schools of the Association is 10,766, Y. M. C. A. cabinet, and the University
1843—2 full sets of the entire year. a net gain of 651. The Christian En of Hawaii, giving them inspiration and
1844—January to June, inclusive. deavor Societies report a membership encouragement from his charming per
1846—January to November, inclusive. of 2,856. This is a net gain of 400 sonality. SCOTT B. BRAINARD.
1848 1 full set; also May and Decem over the previous year.
Miss Margaret E. Hodge, President
ber.
1888—November. of the Woman's Board of Foreign Mis
1864—3 copies of the supplement on the sions of the Presbyterian Church, ac
1889—July.
death of Lincoln. 1892—December. companied by her sister, is due to arrive
1885—January; April; May; 2 copies 1893—July. by the Golden State March 31st. They
each of July, August and Sep 1895—April ; June. are enroute to the Orient and during
tember ; 1 of November ; 2 of 1901—1 full set. the layover of the vessel will be given
December. 1911—August; September. a birdseye glimpse of diversified Chris
1886—2 copies of October. 1913—August. • tian work in the city of Honolulu,
54 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

"This change of policy in its program things. Yet there is encouragement to

L.R. Killam is Hawaii's has been dictated by the fact that the labor among them. The gospel has
Society is convinced that it can do its power to operate on their dark minds
Delegate printing more economically elsewhere
than it can by conducting its own print
and stupid hearts. They have souls
that are capable of feeling and must be
Urged by Dr. John R. Mott, general ing establishment. There will be an made to feel if they are to be saved.
secretary of the International Commit actual increase in the Society's output Since I wrote you last, about a year
tee of the Y. M. C. A. to send a dele and this change of policy marks a ago, we have been busily engaged. I
gate to the World's Student Christian distinct advance and is in sense a re must just tell you a little about our
Federation which is to be held in China trenchment in its program of Scripture residence in Hamakua, one of the out
April 4th to 9th, directors of the local publication. posts of this station. The place is
Y. M. C. A. selected General Secretary "The Society has no thought of mov about twelve miles east of Waimea and
Lloyd R. Killam to represent the local ing its headquarters from New York. Its something like half a mile from the sea
association. Mr. Killam departed on the executive offices continue in the Bible shore. We had not a little trouble in
Hoosier State March 10th. He will be House, Astor Place, New York City. getting there, for here we have no
one of six hundred delegates from The officers of the Society are : Church roads such as you have in America,
thirty-one different nations. ill H. Cutting. President; William I. and no stage coaches nor wheeled vehi
Mr. Killam will, make a valuable con Haven and Frank H. Mann, General cles of any kind. Mrs. Lyons made the
tribution to the Conference and will Secretaries ; Gilbert Darlington, Trea journey a part of the way in a novel
gain much in knowledge and inspira surer." conveyance—a rocking chair fitted with
tion of value to the work here. During two wheels that had belonged to an old
his association with the Y. M. C. A., wagon ; a part of the way she was car
and particularly since his promotion to
the general secretaryship, Mr. Killam
Waimea in 1836 ried in the same chair by natives, and a
part of the way she walked.
has been brought face to face with the (Copy of letter from Lorenzo Lyons to a You would have smiled if you could
brother and sister.)
vital need of furnishing to the young have seen our dwelling house. The
Waimea, Hawaii, Sept. 13, 1836. door was so low that we had to stoop
Oriental student that which will stimu
Dear Brother and Sister:
late his desire for Christian citizenship to enter it. There was no window, al
Shipping time has arrived and I am though after a few weeks we succeeded
and such character building influences
preparing letters to send to America. in getting half a dozen small panes of
as shall make for his satisfactory prep
To write letters to be sent so far re glass and so were able to have a win
aration. The Conference, with its
quires a great deal of faith. Maria dow. Our table was of my own work
theme, "Christian Internationalism"
had not faith when she wrote that long manship)—and I claim no skill as a
should help to solve some of the prob
letter that was calculated to cheer us carpenter. For a bedstead we drove
lems which are peculiar when East
so much, for it never reached us. Per into the ground—of course there was
meets West on American soil.
haps, however, it is on the way. The no floor—four solid posts, then with
The Peking Conference is the eleventh letter of August and September, 1833,
to be held since the organization of the poles and aho, lashed together with ieie
came safely to hand June 15, 1834. The roots, we made a platform which we
Federation by Dr. Mott in 1895. box also arrived at the same time. covered with dried leaves of the pu-
Nothing in the box was damaged ex hala, spreading over all lauhala mats.
A Statement by the Officers of the cept the square, which was a little We made out to sleep on this hikie with
American Bible Society rusty. The articles are very acceptable, reasonable comfort.
being just what we want. Many thanks The missionary's life in Hawaii is
The change that has been announced for them. You cannot know the pleasure one of privation of course, but these
in the manufacturing policy of the that a letter from America gives us. are of trifling importance. In Hama
American Bible Society seems to have The letter above mentioned is the only kua we found ourselves alone in a land
been misinterpreted in some quarters one we have received from you. Almost given over to heathenism. The moral
and the officers of the Society have is three years have passed, and no letter darkness was something appalling. Pray
sued the following statement : has been received from Benjamin or ing to God for strength and courage
"The. American Bible Society, con Maria, and only one from Jesse. we set ourselves to our task. We open
trary to certain reports, has not given * * * * * * *
ed schools for men, women and chil
up its publishing business, in which it Of the work in which we are en dren. Mrs. Lyons took care of those
has been engaged for more than 100 gaged, I can give you no more than a for women and children. The men fell
years, and has had no thought of so vague idea in a four-page (foolscap) to me. Pupils in the schools developed
doing. It will continue as a publishing letter. Our task in this far-away land intelligence, although the teaching had
house, issuing the Scriptures in more is to set this heathen people in the path to be most elementary. Reading and
than 150 languages and dialects, hav to heaven, and a mighty task it is. writing were mastered by the natives
ing its work done through various Those whom we instruct have been edu more easily than one could expect, but
printing concerns. It will continue to cated in heathenism. Their minds are books to carry their education further
control its own plates so as to preserve dark, their affections low and grovell were wanting. We could teach the rudi
the accuracy of its versions for which ing, their thoughts vain and foolish. It ments of arithmetic through the helu-
it has received wide recognition and requires much effort and patience to naau, but the newspaper had not ar
acknowledgment. make them understand the simplest rived. ; ■ ■ ~" ^ ; "
March, 1922. THE FRIEND 55

I held religious meetings morning good. Almost all who attended it said the United States has struck and one
and evening, and these were generally that they had got new hearts. Some at wonders whether some relief for the
pretty well attended. The singing least gave evidence of having been born intolerable Mid-Pacific situation might
schools were very popular—and again again. True the converts are only not eventuate, if Hawaii should get be
lack of books or of expert instruction babies in knowledge. How could it be hind a reasonable and well-nigh ideal
prevented progress beyond a certain otherwise? But their hearts are open measure like the Sterling-Vaile Bill in
point. There came to be an eagerness for further instruction, and it is a joy stead of leading such a wornout for
on the part of a few for further en to lead them on and up. lorn hope as that on behalf of contract
lightenment. The natives had no money, In May we sailed to Honolulu to at coolie labor.
but they became increasingly willing to tend the General Meeting of the Mis
procure leaflets and such books as had A few months ago the leader on the
sionaries. It was delightful, after two
been published in exchange for kalo, editorial page of the Boston Herald
years of solitary labor to meet the
sweet potatoes, breadfruit, eggs, cala brothers and sisters once more, com debated the topic "A Forty-Ninth
bashes, mats, pia, candlenuts, etc. pare notes with them and experience a State." Of course a Honolulan seeing
Toward the close of the time we were quickening of the Christ spirit that is the title would have jumped to the con
there, I held a protracted meeting. I our life. The meeting this year lasted clusion that Hawaii was the target
had no one to assist me, which made it six weeks, and every day we were all aimed at. Nothing doing. This time
rather fatiguing to me. The result was hard at work. it was a real "Island possession of the
United States," Mid-Atlantic Porto
Rico, and not the Mid-Pacific Territory,
Eastern Leader, Friend of Hawaii, Discusses Harding candidate for statehood by implied con
tract when admitted to the American
Administration—Sterling-Vaile Immigration Bill Union. "Beach 3000," one of America's
leading editors, argued that statehood
Versus Coolie Labor—Statehood should be granted to Porto Rico for
A MARKED CHANGE in opinion wool a kamaaina as myself, though four reasons. First, Porto Rico is "the
has stolen gradually over New keeping steady tab on Island news, to whitest island in the West Indies."
England the past year and that has understand how a Chinese contract Second, under the American flag "its
been, the reaction to President Harding. labor agitation ever got started when progress commercially has been phe-
When he took his oath of office March such a resource was at hand as the nominal" and "all in all the island has
4, 1921, he had few friends in this re Sterling-Vaile Immigration Bill. This been well governed." Third, "Presi
gion. The people of Massachusetts is nothing else than the Gulick measure dent Harding, in discussing the status
of the island, advised working for
had overwhelmingly voted for him be submitted to many years of keen criti
statehood" and " the new Governor,
cause they wanted a change, anything cism which has pruned and grafted it
the Hon. E. Montgomery Reilly, said
was better than Wilsonian democracy, into something of a near approach to
substantially the same thing." Fourth,
but they had found nothing in the ut perfection. A perusal of the bill shows Porto Rican leaders are voicing "a de
terances of the incoming President to that its passage would give all the lee mand for the rank of a free and sov
presage any hope of progress. Little way Hawaii could ask in special labor ereign state in the Union." "We now
by little however as the new Chief treatment, and that instead of having have all political elements in the island
Executive began to function, it became as now to educate Senate and House of joining in a common aim for statehood
clear that he was the man for the Representatives, filled with busy men with the approval of the administration
hour, quiet, responsive to the people's having little or no time for careful at Washington." The editorial adds
will, able to make haste slowly, gifted study of the Territory's needs, a Board that the population of Porto Rico must
with vision, a true statesman. Already of Immigration. Commissioners, four of make itself fit for statehood and that
in one year he has accomplished enough whom would presumably be experts on "the present illiteracy of about 55 per
to make his administration historic. the question of scientific adjustment of cent must first be reduced well toward
Only in view of the enormous tasks labor supply to demand, could be trust zero." He concludes with the reflection
which confront Washington, do the ed to familiarize themselves with the that Porto Rican representation in both
achievements of Mr. Harding look industrial status in the Islands and act Houses of Congress "is something of
small. Indeed the crowning triumph accordingly as well as justly to all the concern for the entire country."
of the Washington Conference promises interests involved. To some of the To have Porto Rico thus stride ahead
to increase in magnitude as it recedes most ardent lovers of Hawaii as well as of Hawaii as a prospective member of
into the past. If Congress worries its to some shareholders in her sugar cor the Corporate Body of sovereign states
is not a pleasant prospect to a citizen
way through ratification of the treaties porations the contract coolie labor
and lover of Hawaii. If ever there
which the Conference negotiated, and proposition holds a menace, threaten
was a golden opportunity for the Mid-
presents the Executive with a few more ing immeasurably to complicate the Pacific Paradise to acquire statehood,
much needed legislative measures, the evolution of a worthy social system in that hour has now struck. The Re
record ought safely to carry the country the Islands. publican party may need two Senators
for the Republicans next fall. The hour for the enactment of a help and an extra Representative sorely
It is hard for even so dyed in the ful and scientific immigration law in after March 1923 and with Hawaii a
56 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

state, it would have them without the bors of love and will be remembered
shadow of a doubt. For the Islands Princeton Professor by many friends in every place where
statehood would mean everything. They she lived.
are far away in Washington's vision To Lecture Here The funeral was held from the Fifth
now and "out of sight out of mind" REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, Avenue Presbyterian Church of New
has been proved a thousand times since D.D., of Princeton Theological York City, interment in Greenwood
the stars and stripes first struck the Seminary, will be in Honolulu on March Cemetery.
breeze on the Honolulu capitol. With 31st on his way to the Missionary Con
ference in Shanghai. He is one of the AN opportunity will be given on the
voting representation in Congress Ha
foremost Bible Teachers of North evening of April 11 to observe the
waii would have an authoritative hear
America, and the Honolulu Theological histrionic ability of our young citizens of
ing upon all questions affecting her wel
Seminary has arranged with him to Japanese ancestry, who are putting on
fare. There can be no question that
give a lecture on the theme, "The Book the stage at the Mission Memorial Au
annexation practically pledged state ditorium a Bible drama entitled "Daniel
hood to Hawaii when ready. She will of Books," while he is here.
Dr. Erdman has had large experience of the Lion Heart."
never be more ready than she is now. Within the last few years much in
Her percentage of citizen illiteracy is in the active pastorate and is now pro
fessor of Practical Theology at Prince terest has developed among the yout.g
lower than that of many a state. None people of Hawaii in dramatic presenta
of the forty-eight commonwealths whose ton. His books and lectures reach a
wide circle and are stimulating to the tion of Bible characters and stories.
star adorns the flag can point to a None of the subjects is more full of in
cleaner record than that of our Terri deeper spiritual life. He is a member
of the Board of Foreign Missions of tensely dramatic quality than the story
torial Legislature ever since its first of Daniel and his sturdy companions,
session. We are as abundantly able to the Presbyterian Church and is planning
to visit the Mission stations in China. who, in loyalty to their faith withstood
send creditable representatives to both kings, braved the terrors of the fiery
Houses of Congress who will uphold furnace and the den of lions, and by
the honor of the Nation as impeccably
as those sent by any of the sisterhood Died faithfulness to principle, won the high
recognition and reward of lofty charac
of states. If Hawaii should unite en WELLS—In Tacoma, Wash., Feb. 18,
1922, Mrs. Lemuel H. Wells, wife of ter.
thusiastically to demand statehood it Nebuchadnezzar, the despotic king of
would be granted. Bishop Wells of the Protestant Epis
Babylon, under the influence of Daniel.
Would not the four following planks copal church.
Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego,—
make an excellent platform for the Mrs. Wells was Miss Jane T. Shel his captives,—gradually modifies his at
Hawaii election of next November? don of Geneva, New York, a lifelong titude and humbles his heart before
friend of Mrs. A. H. B. Judd, whom the Almighty Ruler of all nations.
1. Enthusiastic Endorsement of Presi she visited in Honolulu with her hus
dent Harding's Administration. Thru his love of the noble Daniel,
band in 1916. In 1884 Miss Sheldon King Darius, the Mede, passes thru an
2. No Contract Labor for the Mid- married Dr. Andrew H. Smith, a
ordeal that brings out in him the great
Sea Territory. prominent New York physician, mak qualities of a beloved sovereign, and
3. Ardent Support of the Sterling- ing her home in that city for many calls upon all nations to worship the
Vaile Immigration Bill. years. She was widely known for her God of Daniel.
4. Immediate Statehood for Hawaii. charitable work; was one of the foun The final scene represents the Angel
ders of the Babies' Hospital and was Gabriel revealing in a vision to Daniel
Dr. Palmer's recent flying visit to also President of the Training School
Greater Boston delighted all his friends the glorious future in which all nations
for Nurses connected with the Post- and peoples and languages shall unite
at the Hub. His lectures at Andover
Graduate Hospital. in obedience to God and ascribing to
Seminary filled the room to the sur
Upon the retirement of Dr. Smith Him eternal blessing and honor and
prise of the authorities of the school
from business, they returned to glory and power. The procession of
who are not used to overflowing audi Geneva, New York, to live for a part the nations is to be led in by a little
ences and proved as full of information
of every year. After Dr. Smith's child representing Hawaii.
charmingly put as of attractive power.
death she continued to divide her time Admission to the play will be by free
It was a great pleasure to hear all the
between Geneva and New York. While ticket, and an offering will be received
good news he had to give of Island
in Geneva she was active in many of the proceeds of which will be for the
folk and fact.
the uplift movements of the com benefit of the Kakaako Japanese Church
Some day it may interest Honolulu munity and among her notable gifts
which has a debt of $600 on its par
friends to know the type of enterprise was the nurses' home for the Geneva
sonage.
that characterizes a live up-to-date City Hospital.
Church Federation in a great mainland Mrs. Smith and Bishop Wells were Centennial of Kawaiahao
city. It certainly keeps its executive married in St. John's Chapel, Hobart
The centennial of Kawaiahao Church
on the eternal jump. But of this some College, Geneva, N. Y., in 1914, and
will be celebrated this year in connec
other time. went to Spokane, Washington, where tion with the Annual Meeting of the
To all the comrades of other days Bishop Wells was in charge of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association. The
Aloha Nui. Protestant Episcopal Missionary Dis date. for3. the. Annual Meeting is an
DOREMUS SCUDDER. trict. She assisted him in all his la- nounced as June 27-July 2 inclusive.
March, 1922. THE FRIEND ?7

An interesting fact in connection "The members of the mission, at the "I sing about the things I think,
with Kavvaiahao Church, not generally time of receiving their public instruc Of almost anything.
known, is that it was organized in tion from the Board in Park Street Sometimes I don't know what to think
Boston in 1819, before the first com Church, were organized into a mission Till I begin to sing."
pany of missionaries sailed for Hawaii. church, including the three islanders." —The Green Singing Book.

This fact is borne out by Rufus Ander The church building, of romantic If singing is a matter of feeling, a
son, historian, who says n his book : history, was not finished until 1842. portrayal of expression as we consider
it, we can appreciate the remarks of the
child who said, "Sometimes I sing and
Eastertide Music in the Ckurch School sing and never even know I'm singing
and I feel so happy ; then my mother
By Mar? E. Ety hears me and says, 'Come in, dear, and
"T" HE following article by Miss Mary Ely This should be sung again and again, sing for us,' and then I can't sing at
* who, some will remember, visited the
Islands last year and gave a series of talks
repetition being used to induce a mood all. Isn't it funny !" When we realize
on the education of little children, has been and emphasize importance of the event. how intimate a medium music is for ex
of great help to the kindergarteners of the In this manner the song enters the pression of feeling it will revolutionize
city and they wish to share it with others
who work with little children, and especial child's being and becomes part of him the method of teaching music to chil
ly Sunday School teachers, for whom it was for Easter Day and days to come. It dren.
written. I feel sure that this article will goes with him down the street and has Music has been produced by all races
result in better Easter Services for the
littlest ones in our churches as no teacher a decided place in the family circle and in their infancy, and it is the folk song
can read it without catching its spirit of is associated in his mind with joyous of the people upon which much of the
sincerity and truth. occasions forever after. greatest music in the world rests. It is
FRANCES LAWRENCE
Good music in some form should be the heart-throb of the people telling
Director Free Kindergarten and them through this purest, simplest form
come a part of the everyday life of
Children's Aid Association. of beauty, the joy, sadness, love and
every child, as it is the language which
EASTER !• Awake ! Arise ! Rejoice ! feeling finds for itself and is a channel sorrow of life.
The very quality of the words as of true expression. To develop the musical sensibilities
sociated with Easter have an inflection, of children, making it possible for them
Why does not the church, where to understand and love the best music,
an upward tendency, a melody of speak much of our music was born, have a feeling it as a beautiful expression of a
ing tones that inspires and almost sings large part in forming the musical tastes
itself—awake, arise, rejoice. This is in of our children? One, at least, equal beautiful thought, is the goal of musical
direct contrast to the monotones felt in to the schools where technique is the education. Do you recall Darwin's pa
saying, "Hark, from the tomb a dole thetic statement, when he described his
basis, or the moving picture houses early love for poetry and music, and his
ful sound." where unnatural stimulation is the ob-. final lack of appreciation of them in
The spirit of Eastertide says, "Re jective. later life through neglecting to culti
joice, rejoice, rejoice greatly!" We have yet to realize what a great vate them? "The loss of these tastes,"
Joy is an emotional state of elation opportunity rests with the church school he says, "is a loss of happiness and
produced by unusually pleasurable sen in bringing much real happiness to may possibly be injurious to the intel
sations, and its expression since the childhood, through the right use of this lect and more probably to the moral
world began has found utterance in medium, which speaks so directly to the character by enfeebling the emotional
music. Music is a necessity as a means various emotions of childhood—this part of our nature, and we might sub
of expressing the profound emotions natural outlet for expression. stitute spiritual for emotional."
of man in relation to his religious na In church-school music the matter of
Mrs. Josephine Preston Peabody so
ture. That Christ was born was the selecting confronts the teacher. Song
understanding^ writes of a little child's
theme for rejoicing in Handel's Mes material should follow most naturally
siah ; that Christ rose again, was re spontaneous singing:
the experience of the child and those
born, is as great a cause for rejoicing. experiences we wish to bring to him.
The same joyous Messiah music can be "I don't know how to read the words It is not any pretty word-song for any
used as an Easter outpouring of feel Nor how the black things go, time, but the best song fitted to the
ing as well as a Christmas expression. But if you just begin to sing musical stage of the group intelligence.
It may be familiar to the church school, You never have to know. The music must be planned in advance
but in many cases is comprehensible to so as to promote a constant growth in
children and aids in bringing these two musical feeling. There should be stir
greatest world events together, the birth "I sing how all the things outside ring, vigorous music for vigorous
of Christ and the risen Lord, giving to The window look to me,
moods ; reverent music for reverent
them a more complete chronology of The shiny wrinkles of the road,
moods ; happy music for happy moods.
the life of Christ. And there about my tree.
An appeal should be made to the eye
In referring to Handel's phrase, it is as well as to the ear; so beautiful sug
only necessary to bring to the children "And if the sparrow flies around, gestive pictures should be presented in
this bit of the aria, "Rejoice, rejoice, re I put him in the song, connection with music to stimulate feel-
joice greatly," complete in itself as a I sing whatever happens in iny and interest and to cultivate intel
triumphal expression of gladness. To make it last for long. ligence. Every church-school room
 58 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

should be made as attractive as pos attend the service but the emphasis Songs chosen for musical expression
sible for the children who congregate should be placed on their own depart and coming within the children's ex
there each week. There should be flow ment. There, instead of an Easter lily perience have within them the power to
ers in season, painting, sculpture, na or two and a few ferns, the room should use the whole child, not just his voice.
ture examples, to touch the child at glow with an abundance of light and It is not the science, the fact of music,
his highest while in the house of the color in flowers. A wealth of green but the thrill we are after. The re
Lord. The teacher should be responsi branches, birds singing, if possible, sponse under these natural circum
ble for this atmosphere and also have calling forth from the children spon stances would embrace and radiate the
at her tongue's end bits of poetic taneous outbursts of pleasure—"How wonder of the pussy willow, the color
language and song-verse ready for all lovely!" "How sweet it smells!" "Isn't of the daffodil, the fragrance of the
occasions. it beautiful !" The prepared teacher violet. The result in musical tones
who is conscious of the arts of life would be soft and sweet, yet happy,
"Every bird and flower and bee, takes these spontaneous expressions of coming as they would from true feel
Tells me that God loves me. the children, putting their words in ing which, in this case, would be true
Sun and wind and rain, all three, more poetic language for them. The worship.
Tell me God loves me." singing in chant form also accompanies The Easter music should not all come
these simple word expressions of the from the children in the church school.
"All over upland and lowland, children, and, assisted by the teacher They should be given opportunity for
The charm of the goldenrod, and pianist, we find every child sing listening to music finer than they can
Some of us call it autumn, ing unconsciously such phrases as : produce. The inspiration received from
But others call it God." "Easter is here!' Easter is here! beautiful music is religion, as it stirs
The flowers are so sweet, the highest emotions and elevates to
"It is a thing divine to see The sky is so blue, lofty thoughts. Most music played for
The sunlight falling on a tree." God is so good, children is beyond their musical com
The earth is the Lord's." prehension. A beautiful voice singing
We should give especial attention to This is not taught singing, but a com a simple melody, possibly repeating it
our festive days in the church school. ing together in a communal expression until familiar, the pure tones of a violin
Anticipation should run high. In some growing out of an arranged, prepared are innovations one would like to see
way every member should have a part present situation. in the church school, and would help
in preparation for the event, and its Will the children sit still during this foster musical consciousness.
realization should be gratifying and im ohanting? No. Action must follow. A The usual poor church-school piano
pressive, leaving a lasting memory of processional, not a march, is started by and wheezy organ are considered good
beautiful, surrounding, radiating love- some child or children, and as the enough, but where should we place our
light, life, growth, and joy. singing continues they walk around best instruments if not in the house of
How are we to accomplish this ? The ' and through the flowers, previously ar worship? Nothing is too precious in
merchant uses better psychology than ranged for this purpose, smelling them, use to surround our children with
the church in getting results. The touching them, going about till all the beautiful sounds associated with church-
shop windows at Easter feature Easter children feel this impulse to move and school life.
symbols; rabbits, chickens, pussy wil sing. When the feeling is universal, the You say you lack the room for deco
lows, spring flowers, wonderful, crea pianist changes to processional music, rations, processions, arrangements, for
tions in millinery, harmonies of color carrying on the spirit of the day in handling nature materials. Make the
in gowns—everything to attract and her selection, making it a more joyous room. Put as much thought and time
adorn the public. This requires much occasion. into its setting for this Holy Day as
expenditure of time and money. If children are to be given flowers, you would in a home function or a
Why should we not give our places bulbs, or seeds to take home, the time public demonstration or into the decora
of worship the same amount of thought, to present them is when the procession tions and program for the church ser
time and expense in making a beautiful passes. A table piled high with wild vice.
setting; a fit temple of praise, an altar flowers and fresh green leaves that the Let us put a moment's thought on
of color with harmony prevailing every children can handle, getting first-hand why the church schools are well at
where as well as in the music? The sensations of delicacy of petals, differ tended on Thanksgiving, Christmas,
best we can secure is none too fine to . ences in fragrance, color and texture, Easter and Children's Day, in contrast
tell the marvelous story of the Resur as they arrange these into little bou to the usual Sunday attendance. Has
rection. quets to give to other children, or to not much of it to do with the matter
Our churches, you will say, are very take home to mother, will stimulate a of preparation, interest and coopera
beautiful at Easter. True, but this feeling of appreciation as well as of tion which results in definitely selected
decoration is for the adult congrega love and service: music, special decorations, color and
tion, the grown-ups. The church-school "Each little flower that opens, actions ?
children are invited to the Easter ser Each little bird that sings, Some one has truly said that the
vice, but it is not their room where God made their glowing colors, great thing about a teacher of children
each week they have met with their He made each tiny wing." is not at all how much he knows of
own teachers. The large church seems "How great is God the Father the science of education, but that the
distant, unfamiliar. The children should Who has made all things well." teacher must have within himself ra
March, 1922. THE FRIEND 50

diative power as an illuminant along

the highways children are to travel. Kansas Editor Corresponds With Hilo Girl
This inspirational ability is the de
sirable spark in a church-school teach (From The Miami Republican, Paola. Kansas.) as the one I gave at the theater, never
er, and a divine spark must ignite. Los Angeles, Calif., Jan. 12, 1922. theless the principle is the same.
When the Press Congress of the A wedding was to be held at Haka
World met in Honolulu, we also visited lau on December 3, so father took me
the islands of Hawaii and Maui, and at to Hakalau with him. On my way I
Hilo on the night of October 14 a very went to see Miss Bixby. She was glad
interesting entertainment was given us to see me and I was very glad to meet
in a Japanese theatre in that city, in her. She is very, very nice and I was
which the Japanese children of the pub attached to her at first sight. I showed
lic schools participated, giving interest her your letter, and after she got thru
ing drills and songs, including America reading it, she wanted to see the badge,
and other patriotic airs. There were but I told her you would kindly send
also Japanese music, dancing, etc. One it to me later. It will be the proudest
of the features of the entertainment moment of my life when I receive that
which will be remembered longest and Sunflower badge. Miss Bixby said that
which was commented upon by nearly she would come to see me when she
every member of the Press Congress comes to Hilo.
who heard it was the address of wel I am sixteen years old, a sophomore
come delivered by a little Japanese girl. of the Hilo High school.
Miss Higuchi. The audience was not . I suppose you would like to get a
only impressed by the subject matter of glimpse of the Japanese boys and girls
the address, which was remarkable, of Hilo. There are a great many boys
coming from a school girl and an Ori and girls and there are also various
ental at that, but the manner in which types of them. There are a few who
it was given was so ingenious and so do not care which country they love,
mature as to attract favorable mention, but most of them are enthusiastic
from many. At the closing session of Americans. All of my friends go to
the . Press Congress held in Honolulu, either the Union school or the Hilo
Mr. V. R. Beteta, delegate from Guate High School. Those who go to school
mala, spoke at some length of the ad are the ones who will really count in
DR. JOHN R. MOTT, dress and commented on the little Jap the future.
anese girl "who did not want to be a We have a Bible class in father's
A recent visitor enroute to the World problem," adding that it was within the church, composed of about twenty boys
Student Christian Federation in China.
possibilities of the accomplishments of and girls who attend the Hilo High.
The chief events of his day in Honolulu
this congress to solve just such prob These boys and girls are fine young men
were a luncheon given by Mr. Frank C.
Atherton in the Gold Room of the Young
lems by bringing about a better un and women, and America will be proud
Hotel for a large number of laymen in derstanding between the nations of the of them some day, because they are so
terested in the work of the Young Men's earth. Personally I was so much im imitative and a few of them hold im
Christian Association. This was followed pressed by the address that I wrote the portant offices in school affairs.
by a conference with the committee in little girl, and have just received her re Did it rain when you were here? I
charge of preliminary arrangements for the ply, forwarded here from Paola. In my guess it did not. These last few days
Pacific Y. M. C. A. Conference. Later he letter to her I asked for a copy of her the rain has been visiting us with full
spoke at a meeting at the Nuuanu Y. M. address and her photograph, and wrote force. Hilo is noted for its rain, any
C. A., to all the employed secretaries of
her that when I reached home I would way. Today is very nice and warm. It
the Association. This was followed by a
send her a Kansas Sunflower badge, must be cold where you are, because my
tour of inspection of the Army and Navy
building in Honolulu and at Pearl Harbor.
the official emblem of our state, and sister Kameju, who is attending Oberlin
Dr. Mott was accompanied by David R. which all Kansans wore proudly on College, in Ohio, says the cold is terrible
Porter, Executive Secretary of the Univer occasions. I also gave her a letter of there this winter. I hope I may see you
sity Work for the United States and introduct'on to Miss Mary Bixby, one on my way to Ohio two years from now.
Canada, and Dr. Kenneth Latourette of of our home girls from Osawatomie, I think my train will pass through your
Yale University. Kansas, who is a teacher in Hakalau state. Yours truly.
school, near Hilo. In reply, Miss Higu Kazuko Higuchi.
chi wrote me as follows : P. S.—I shall send a copy of my ad
Announcement is made of the en Hilo, Hawaii, Dec. 5, 1921. dress before next week. My address is
gagement of Miss Margaret Scudder to Dear Mr. Greason : It was a sur Miss Kazuko Higuchi, Hilo, Hawaii.
Mr. Cuthbert C. Gabel, of Meriden, prise, a very happy surprise, to receive Accompanying her next letter, Miss
Conn. Mr. Gabel is a graduate of Wes- your very kind letter. I shall be pleased Higuchi sent a family group picture,
lyan University, 1921. The wedding to send you a copy of my little talk showing herself, her parents, sister and
will take place in Washington. Septem and also my photograph. I doubt if three brothers, a fine group of intelli
ber 9. the wording will be exactly the same gent Japanese-Americans. There are
 60 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

also pictures of the Hilo Japanese ficult language in the world to master. of complexion, but that makes no dif
Christian Sunday school, the church, the I would like to learn to write it and to ference in our treatment one of another.
Sunday school hall and the new dormi speak it well, but since I can hardly But the older and wiser people of the
tory. The following is a copy of her spare the time to do so, I regret that territory say they do not know what to
welcoming address to the Press Con the opportunity is slipping by. As it do with us, and that we are therefore a
gress : stands, I can speak only a little of it, problem. Why should they try to do
1 have asked the committee to let me just enough to get along around home. anything with us? The American-born
make a little address of welcome. Now Unfortunately my parents cannot speak Japanese children go to school, and if
that you have heard all that the big English as well as they can the Jap you will look over the records you will
speakers can say to you, there does not anese language, and as it is much easier see that they have done well and are
seem very much left for me to say, but for me to speak Japanese to them than doing very well in all the tasks that are
I bring you a little girl's welcome. for them to speak English to me, we given them. Some of the older boys
When you have finished with your visit converse in Japanese. They, however, and girls have finished High school and
here in Hawaii you will go back to wish me to speak as much English as are at work in the stores, the banks
your homes and will probably receive a I can, for it is a great help in grasping and on the plantations. They take their
little girl's welcome there. If you have American manners and ideals. There places in the world just the same as the
a little daughter at home, let me take are many parents who have the same American boys and girls do when the
her place for just a few moments. idea, but on the other hand there are a time comes for them to work. There
We all think Hawaii is the most few parents who feel very sorry be are many young men and women who
beautiful place in the world. That may cause their children cannot speak Jap have gone to college so that they might
be because we have not traveled very anese as well as they do, so the parents come back and help the other boys and
much in the big world outside these have sent them to Japan, so that they girls to be better Americans.
islands. It is only when we have a . can be what their fathers and mothers I want to tell you something about
Press Congress or when other famous are, but they have found that this can some of the societies here. A few years
men come here that we meet the nice not be done. Japan is a very nice ago a number of boys and girls of Jap
people who live away from here and country to visit and a fine place for anese parents formed an American-
tell them about our life, and also find those who were brought up there, but Japanese Citizens society. On many of
out from them wherein this place is we cannot live there. We have learned the holidays, and particularly on Wash
different from other places. the American ways of living and we ington's birthday, the members of this
cannot unlearn them. In fact, we do society come together and listen to fine
She Does Not Want To Be a Problem not want to unlearn them. Many of the orations about Washington and the
The boys and girls of this island are boys and girls have gone back to Japan country he established. They have good
trying to tell you through me how glad and some of them have been forced to times, they learn about the United
we are that you have come here to pay remain there. Some of the saddest States, and everything seems to go har
us a visit. We wish to do our utmost stories I know are of these Hawaiian- moniously until some one comes along
to make your stay here a pleasant one born boys and girls trying to live in and says that these societies are not sin
and also to make you want to come that country and to conform to the cere, that the members are Japanese in
back again when you reach your homes. ways that are so different from the thought and spirit. They cannot know
That is the reason why I have been American ways. these things that they charge against
given a chance to speak to you. Here I am a little problem, and there our societies, and we do not know why
You may think I am only a girl, but are many other little problems of my they say them.
I am not. What am I, then? Well, I age and older. We are American citi
am a problem—not a problem in alge zens because of our bringing up, our They Are Problems to Us
bra; I wish I were, for then I could be language, our schooling, our reading, And these people, older and wiser
solved. I am a territorial problem, a our playing and our companionship, but than we, are a problem, too. They are
national problem ; yes, an international most of all because this is our native a problem to us. When we sing the
problem. Let me explain it to you. land. I am very glad and contented to American national hymn and have exer
Several years ago my parents came live here, because American principles cises on Washington's birthday we en
from Japan. Then, I was born here in are my principles. The Grammar joy them and feel that we are good
beautiful Hawaii, many thousands of schools, the High schools and our asso Americans. We do not want to talk
miles from the home of my grand ciation with the other boys and girls about war, either with Japan or with
parents. Having been born here, I am help us a great deal in, cultivating these any country, but we do want to know
an American citizen.. I am a different fine ideals. more about the ideals of American gov
person from what I might have been I have said that we are problems, but ernment.
if I had been born away over there in we are not problems to our playmates I have tried to tell you the difference
the east, in the Empire of Japan. You and those who grow up around us. If between a little girl and a problem. I
see, the food here is different, so are you will come with me to any of the hope that you can understand some
the language, clothing, schools, the schools in Hawaii I will show you the thing of what I have tried to tell you.
literature, the songs we sing and my boys and girls born here of Caucasian You are the editors of the great news
companions. parents, or of Oriental parents, or of papers of the world. What you will
Now, I would like to tell you a little any of the other races. We play to write is read by millions of people.
about the Japanese language. The Jap gether, we sing together and we are all Now that you have been to Hawaii,
anese language I think is the most dif one. Of course we notice a difference people will read what you write about
March, 1922. THE FRIEND 61

these islands and they will believe what 000.00; today there are 13,082 de these same business firms are glad to
you say, because you have seen with positors, with a total of $1,195,288.26. buy space in the Hawaiian papers."
your own eyes. Won't you please go Formerly business men refused to ad From the report of J. U. Warner,
back to your homes and write in your vertise in Hawaiian newspapers because executive secretary, Anti-Saloon. League
newspapers that the little boys and girls the Hawaiians had no money ; today for the month of February.
of Hawaii are and will be good Ameri
can citizens, and most of all, that we The Education of the Child of the American
do not want to be problems any more.
Kazuko Higuchi.
Born Parent in Hawaii
By DR. FRANK F. BUNKER
How many boys and girls of like age (This section was written by Dr. Bunker class is determined by the progress of the
for inclusion in the report of the Federal majority, the work being graded to suit
are there in the Paola High school who School Survey Commission which was is the ability of the majority.
can think out their problems of life as sued by the U. S. Bureau of Education two Where a class is made up very largely of
well as this little Japanese student has years ago. It was omitted from the pub children from non-English speaking homes
lished report for the reason that certain progress must of necessity be slower than
thought out hers? And how many can officials at Washington feared that a prece where the pupils have no language diffi
express themselves as thoughtfully and dent might be established which would culty to encounter. Parents therefore feel
clearly? We admit that if the jingo prove embarrassing to the Bureau in re that their children do not accomplish as
gions of the United States where condi much as they should in the public school.
newspapers and professional politicians tions were different from those in Hawaii.) (2) The ideals, standards, manner of
of America and Japan will desist from living and customs, and the ways of look
In the Hawaiian Islands a unique as ing at matters pertaining to morals, ethics,
their persistent efforts to stir up trouble well as disturbing condition obtains in re religion, deportment, and country are differ
between these two countries over ills spect to school attendance for an examina ent from those groups having other con
that are mostly imaginary until these tion of the records discloses the fact that nections. Parents of English-speaking chil
children of American born parents, except dren do not wish their children in their
fine young American-born, reared and those of the Hawaiian race, are, for the impressionable years to run the risk of a
educated Japanese boys and girls and most part, attending private schools and compromise at these points; therefore
our own boys and girls of American not the public school. Although tuition they hesitate to place them in the intimate
rates at the private schools are not high, daily relationship with children of foreign
parentage who are being reared and indeed in most instances they do not come antecedents, which must obtain if they
educated with them in Hawaii can be anywhere near paying the expense of the are sent to the public school.
education given, nevertheless, to pay even To admit the validity and force of the
come leaders of thought and have made the rates charged, particularly where par reasons advanced against sending their
their influence and example felt, there ents have several children, is a burden children to the public schools is by no
will then be no American-Japanese prob which rests heavily upon those whose in means to assert that the other population
comes are not large. A frank examina groups of the islands have no principles,
lem. It will have worked itself out. tions of the question, therefore, is in or standards, and ideals respecting religion,
While in Honolulu we had the priv der. Whether or not it is possible to de morals, ethics, or love of country, for it
ilege of forming the acquaintance of vise a plan whereby children of American- requires but a glance at the situation in
born parents who desire it may have their Hawaii to appreciate the fact that there
Prof. Tasuku Harada of the University children educated at public expense without are very sharply defined standards on all
of Hawaii, a fine Christian gentleman, violating any of the fundamental principles these points, but—here is the pointy—they
of democracy. are the standards of other civilizations
and of Mr. Yasutaro Soga, president In the first place, it is obvious that the than that of America. Whether they are
and editor of the Nippu Jiji, a leading small percentage of children of American- better or worse is beside the question.
Japanese newspaper of that city. Both born parents now in the private schools of The fact is, they are different and because
the Territory can have no appreciable in they are fundamentally different they are
gave expression to the same thought in fluence upon the 42,000 children enrolled in not American and because they are not
relation to the loyalty to our govern the public-school system. Even though the American those parents who have known
ment of the Japanese of Hawaii, as so entire school population comprising such no other allegience than to America hesi
children were bodily to come over to the tate, and rightly hesitate, when it comes
well expressed by Miss Higuchi. There public-school system it is clear that the to the education of their own children.
can be no questioning their exact group would be overwhelmed by sheer num Two things then, can rightly be main
knowledge of the situation, the accuracy bers and, in consequence, would fail to ex tained: (1) That the children of those par
ert any appreciable influence of distinctive ents who have known no other allegiance
of their judgment or the honesty of character upon the mass of children. So than to America have as much right to an
their expression of it. W. D. Greason. far, then, as helping children having other education at public expense as have chil
national traditions it makes little differ dren of parents of other origins, and (2)
ence whether such children are enrolled that such children have a right to obtain
At the close of his Earl lectures, Albert W. in the public-school system or not—in such an education under conditions which
either case their help to children of other will insure to them and their parents
Palmer of Honolulu was given the degree of groups would be negligible.
Doctor of Divinity by the Pacific School of that it can be had without endangering
But to the children themselves, born of those standards and character qualities
Religion. —The Pacific. American parents, the difference would be which are distinctively American and
very great, for it would mean a merging which must be preserved and kept invio
of identity and loss of national distinctive late and are a part of them because of
"In a valuable interview with Mr. ness. For the time being at least and to their parentage.
George P. Cooke, executive secretary a disquieting degree, in so far as these
children express pure Americanism it would The Normal Situation on the Mainland
of the Hawaiian Homes Commission, mean a compromise with those influences
we received the following testimony of On the mainland the typical situation
and forces and character qualities which in respect
the benefit of prohibition locally : "Pro are not American. To that degree, then, of origin is toa public
representation by nationality
school comprising chil
the effect would be unfortunate in respect
hibition is the biggest factor in the to the children concerned. dren of parents who have known no other
country than America, with a sprinkling
rehabilitation of the Hawaiian race. Objections to the Public Schools only of children of parents who came from
In 1911 before prohibition, there were English-speaking parents object to plac foreign shores. Those children predomin
2500 Hawaiians and Part-Hawaiians ing their children in the public schools, as ate whose parents have been Americans
the schools are now organized, for two im for generations, perhaps, and the others
depositors in the savings banks of the portant reasons: quickly and easily , are assimilated and
Territory, with a total deposit of $250,- (1) In school work the progress of the soon lose their differentiating characteris
 THE FRIEND March, 1922.
62
tics. It is under such favorable conditions should be supported at Territorial expense. throwing a pinch of it in holy water to
on the mainland that the fusing work of The provision, however, that such schools ward off the evil spirit.
the public schools take place. If, then, shall be established only where schools of
the Territory is to do its full duty by its the same grade and efficiency are acces Homer calls salt divine. The old
own children who come of American born sible to all other pupils is a wise condi Teutonic races looked upon salt springs
parents, it must provide school conditions tion and should be retained.
It should be added that such a plan as as holy and worshipped them. Tacitus
tor them which are relatively as favorable
for getting an undiluted American educa the foregoing is designed only to meet the tells of a long and devastating war
tion as are school conditions on the main unusual conditions which now obtain in waged over the question of lordship
land. ^ j^ the Territory of Hawaii.
The Territory has attempted to meet It is in no sense recommended as a over one.
this problem, but not squarely. Fearful permanent form of school organization. The kernel of all the salt supersti
of the cry of racial discrimination which Ultimately conditions in Hawaii will be tions seems to be this. Salt cannot be
in the past has found its way very quickly such as not to call for an expedient of
to the lips of the professional agitator, the this character, nevertheless, that time has corrupt, and has, therefore, the title to
Territory has tried many makeshifts— not yet been reached and to meet the be regarded as a symbol of immor
charging tuition fees, locating buildings at situation which now obtains the adoption
points not easily reached by certain groups, tality. In Ireland it was for long the
and execution of the foregoing plan is
setting up scholarship tests which have justifiable. custom to place a pewter plate contain
sometimes been twisted in discriminatory ing salt upon the heart of the corpse
ways,—but with poor success. There is no
other way by which the Territory can ful until burial. Then, with coals and holy
fill its duty in this most important matter SUPERSTITIONS ABOUT SALT water, it was thrown into the grave.
than by frankly recognizing the facts as Of the very many superstitions touch
they are and with equal frankness creating
a form of school organization specifically It is a curious fact that, from the ing salt, the most familiar is, of course,
designed for the purpose. In the light of earliest times, many superstitions have that which holds it unlucky to spill it.
the foregoing considerations, therefore, the An origin has been alleged for this in
following recommendations are made to clung about the use of salt. There is
meet the unusual conditions which obtain much evidence in Holy Writ for cere Da Vinci's "Last Supper," wherein, at
in Hawaii. monial uses of it. The Mosaic law com the side of Judas, is represented an
The Plan Proposed overturned salt vessel. It seems, how
mands that every oblation of meat of
1. Wherever the demand by parents ever, to be a fact that this superstition
who have been citizens of no other country fering shall be seasoned with salt, a
than America is sufficient to justify it, command that is given, with variations, dates further back. There is evidence
establish schools of the same grade and in various books of the Bible, such as to show that, when the victims for Ro
kind as the Territory has established or man sacrifices were led to death with
shall establish for children of other peoples, Leviticus ii., 13, and Ezekiel xvi., 4. In
and restrict the attendance upon such the old days salt was put into a child's salt upon their heads, it was regarded
schools to children of such American par mouth in baptism and in some countries as the very worst of omens should they
ents except as further provided herein.
2. Allow a reasonable percentage of to this day the custom is followed of shake it off.
the enrollment, perhaps 15 or 20 percent,
to begin with, to be drawn from the va
rious groups, having other national origins,
living in the attendance district, the indi
Extracts from the Journal of Amos Starr Cooke
viduals to be selected on the basis of I have been asked to give, from my My parents were married by Rev. A.
scholarship and facility in the use of the
English language. father's journal, some extracts that may Rood at Danbury, Conn., on Thanks
3. No special school to be established be of interest to the readers of The giving Day, November 24, 1836.
in a given community, however, unless My father's boyhood days were spent
proper provision has been made for the Friend.
giving of equal educational facilities to To those who are not acquainted with on his father's farm, though he went
the children of all other racial groups the early missionary life of these Islands, often to New York City with the pro
living in that community. I will say that my parents came to these ducts of the farm. He attended the
This Plan Requires Little Change in the islands with the seventh reinforcement school of the village of Danbury, Conn.
Territorial Law
of missionaries, sailing from Boston His father not being financially able to
A provision of the Territorial school law
which was passed a number of years ago December 15, 1836, in the bark "Mary send him to college, he went to New
and which with littLe change would grant Frasier" of 400 tons burden, arriving York City in 1830 and entered the firm
the requisite authority has been wisely re here on the 9th day of April, 1837, 114 of Tomlinson & Booth, 124 Front
tained, though it has not been operative
in recent years. The provision reads as days passage. street, where he became an expert ac
follows : Amos Starr Cooke was born in Dan- countant.
There shall be no charge for tuition in bury, Conn., December 1, 1810. He While in business he became interest-
any public school; provided, however, that was the son of Deacon Joseph Piatt and ed in missions and engaged with the
the department may in its discretion es
tablish, maintain, and discontinue select Annis Starr Cooke. His grandfather, American Tract Society and spent his
schools, taught in the English language, Colonel Joseph Piatt Cooke, was an spare time in distributing tracts and
at a charge of such tuition fees for at aide to George Washington, and was in often took part in the city mission
tendance as it may deem proper; provided
however, that such select schools shall be camp with him in Brooklyn, N. Y., in work.
established only in places where free In 1833 he desired to become more
schools of the same grade for pupils with 1778-1780.
in the compulsory age are readily acces Juliette Montague, his wife, was born closely identified with church and mis
sible to the children of such district. in Sunderland, Mass., March 12, 1812. sionary work, in order to fit himself to
The Term "select school' gives a wrong She was the daughter of Caleb and become a minister or to go out as a
connotation and should be changed to a Martha Warner Montague. Her father foreign missionary under the A. B. C.
term which does not convey the suggestion
that one school is socially or otherwise was a descendent of Major Richard F. M. He dropped his business inter
on a higher level than other schools. Montague who was with Washington ests and for two years studied under
Furthermore, the clause requiring a tuition and fought at Bunker Hill. private instruction.
fee should be eliminated, for such schools
March, 1922. THE FRIEND 63

So anxious was he to go to college who said, 'I go Sir,' and not like him, They caused me to weep. Lord, may
that he arranged to make a loan from and break my promise." I go full of the spirit. Soften my heart
the Educational Society of New York, to receive the truth and profit from
pledging his interest in his father's Saturday, Nov. 8th./34. what may be exhibited by the mission
estate, provided he could not pay it be "This evening my soul has been ary, Mr. Ruggles, tonight."
fore his father's death. In the mean stirred within me reading two letters
from missionaries and witnessing in the Monday, Oct. 12th./35.
time he paid his way by doing- light
physical work and teaching. He was Evangelist a notice of the marriage of "Last evening I went with mother to
small in stature, weighing at this time two brethren last Monday evening in hear Mr. Ruggles give an account of
only 112 pounds. He was about 23 Dr. Lansing's church, who are soon to his mission at the Sandwich Islands.
years of age. A. FRANK COOKE. . embark for the Sandwich Islands as The house was full. Mr. Root made the
bookbinders. (Bro. Dimond and Sister first prayer. Then Mr. Ruggles and a
Anne, and Edwin Hall and Sister Wil Sandwich Islander with him sang
liams.)" Bishop Heber's missionary hymn in the
(Extracts from the Journal of Amos language of the natives. After which
Starr Cooke, which will appear in this November 12th. Mr. R. proceeded to give an account of
column from month to month). "Yesterday father was 74 years old the mission.
and my sister Mrs. Mary O. Mead was "He, his wife and others sailed from
Saturday, July 26, 1834. 34 years old." Boston in 1819. About two weeks be
"I think a man's usefulness is greatly fore they arrived there, the heathen,
limited who is all the time doubting Tuesday, Jan. 13th/35.
king having heard from other mission
his own piety and does not know, after "An effort is being made to get min ary stations that the people had thrown
all, whether he is a child of God or isters to sign pledges not to take sides away their idols and that by so doing
not." in controversies on various subjects." they were much improved, ordered all
"The leading of the meetings they his people to throw theirs away.
seem to cast on me. I delight, how Jan. 31st.
"It was a week or more after
ever, to do it, but perhaps it is not so "This evening read an obituary no
their arrival before the missionaries
profitable to others." tice in the N. Y. Observer of the death
were permitted to land. The king was
of Cousin Joseph Piatt Cooke, aged 27
fearful they had come with some evil
August 14,/34. years. He died on the ship Louisville
design. The people were in the habit
"After the weekly prayer meeting, on her passage from New Orleans on-
of offering human sacrifices, and
they had a very spirited discussion on the 15th inst., and after arriving his
especially of killing their infants by
the subject of whites intermarrying remains were borne to Litchfield and
burying them alive. The young man
with the colored people, etc." interred."
with Mr. R. was one who was snatched
"The subject of anti-slavery found March 26th. from the grave by an elder brother who
but few advocates, for most are in. favor promised his mother if she would spare
"Today I have finished the Gospel of
of slavery." the child, he would support him. They
Matt, in Greek."
had killed eight and this was her
Sabbath, Aug. 17th./34. N. Greenwich, Apl. 23rd./35. twelfth child. Soon after this Mr. Rug
"While I was engaged in my regular "I have just returned from a 3 days' gles took him, and he has been with
morning prayer, the Lord heard me and visit in New York. Called on my old him ever since. Mothers were in the
shed down a rich blessing upon my employers T&B, 124 Front St. and en habit of slaying their offspring and
soul. I felt at that moment like conse joyed meeting them again.. I met and then finishing the tragedy by beating
crating myself unreservedly to His visited with many of my old friends, their own heads. They often died in,
service." also the office of the A.B.C.F.M. Have this way. When he first arrived there
been reading some of their annual re it was death for females to eat with
Lord's Day, Aug. 24th./34. males or to touch their victuals. Fe
ports.
"Held a neighborhood meeting at Jos. males lived upon dog's flesh.
Brig's at Miles Square. Had 50 present Danbury, Sat., Oct. 10th. "The natives had no written langauge,
and a very orderly and interesting meet- "It is just 5 years ago today since and it was three years before they ac
ing." I joined the church and partook of the quired an alphabet. It was not long
"A distinguished minister once said : communion, I was then seventeen years after this the King and Queen came to
'An idle man's head is the Devil's work old. Tomorrow there is to be a Mr. the Mission school. Soon after this the
shop.' Christ said: 'He that is not for Ruggles here to preach. He is a re King went to England to make inqui
me is against me.' " turning missionary from the Sandwich ries about the new religion of the mis
Islands." sionaries and promised that if he found
Sept. 28th./34. it was good he would come back and
"The American Tract Society is send Lord's Day, Oct. llth./35. embrace it. He left orders with one of
ing out circulars asking for $30,000.00 "This is a beautiful morning. A his queens to build a school house and
to aid in the distribution of tracts pleasant day within and without. I assist the missionaries in instruction.
among the different missionary stations. heard sister Mary read some of the The Queen being much averse to the
I feel the call of God, 'Go work in My speeches before the A.B.C.F.M. at Bal missionaries would not do as the king
vineyard.' May I reply as did the son, timore in the Observer of Oct. 3rd. commanded. She also forbid the people
64 THE FRIEND March, 1922.

coming to school. The missionaries

visited her but she paid no attention to Cook With Gas W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
them. Mr. Ruggles visited another IT'S CLEANEST, COOLEST
island, and while he was gone, there
arose a disturbance in some part of her AND BEST MERCHANT
domain and the Queen went to quell it. TAILORS
At the place, there were a few females Our ranges and plates are of
who were pious and they had a prayer the most up-to-date models.
Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
meeting for the Queen. But not satis
fied with that, they thought some one Honolulu Gas Co. 62 King Street
ought to converse with her. All hesi Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
tated fearing that it might cost them
their lives. At last one whom they now
call Deborah, said she would take her
Allen & Robinson
life in her hands and go to her pro LIMITED. Hawaiian Fertilizer Co.,
vided the rest would pray for her. She LIMITED
went to the queen and prostrated her
self and besought her to secure her Lumber and Building Material,
soul's salvation and come down to the Builders' Hardware, HONOLULU
prayer meeting. She refused but did
no violence to her. The next night she Paints, Oils, SAN FRANCISCO
went to the Queen again and succeeded Etc. Manufacturers and Dealers in Fertil
in getting her into the prayer meeting. izers for Sugar Cane, Rice, Pine
While there she became impressed and 55 Queen Street Honolulu apples, Coffee, Garden Truck, etc.
soon rejoiced in hope. The Queen im
mediately set sail for the island on.
which Mr. R. then lived. When she
came to the place she sent a little boat
for Mr. R. Supposing she wanted noth
~dcmTHE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
ing in particular he refused to go until CAPITAL AND SURPLUS OVER $2,250,000.
she had sent the second time. He then
went and as he entered the cabin the
Queen put her- hands around his neck,
COMMERCIAL SAVINGS
and wet his clothes with her tears. She
then related her feelings. We offer a complete banking
"She enjoyed religion ten years, and
died in the triumphs of faith. After service throughout the Territory
her conversion she had school houses
BRANCHES
built in every village. As soon as one
had learned a spelling book of 8 pages, LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
they were immediately sent to teach COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
others in the Island.

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
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joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest In the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND
In this Issue:

"Selling" me Postoflice
By D. H. MacAdam, Postmaster of Honolulu

The Proposed School for English

Speaking Students
By Ed Towse

One Ne^ Friend Peace

Scholarship Plan
Offering Annual Mainland College Course to
Japanese Student, Senior in a
Territorial Higk School

Competition based upon Character, Scholarship, Leadership and

Health Considerations, tfith two points for essay
on international relations.

Subject this year:

America and Japan—Hawaii's Part in Friendliness

or Conflict

HONOLULU APRIL, 1922 HAWAII

74 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

J . A B A D I E ' S
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Publications
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Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR
fee zx=£h
For News-Japan, Japanese El
Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect and Oriental, Read «"
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And a Licensed Embalmer for the ESTABLISHED 1895
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, APRIL, 1922. No. 4.

Council of the Churches of Christ in

Proposed School for English Speaking Students America invites the churches of Ger
many to enter into hearty cooperation
By Ed Towsg
with the churches of America. The mes
THE proposal to establish in Honolulu peaters." Neither has the eighth grade sage has been sent to the church leaders
a school for "children from English any near-adults returning from school of Germany by Dr. Charles S. Mac-
speaking homes, regardless of nation in foreign lands. This place has the farland, secretary of the Federal Coun
ality," as phrased in petitions, seems appearance and the atmosphere of a cil.
feasible. There has not as yet developed genuine American public school. It
Later it is planned to send represen
any reaction by way of the usual hys would seem to be advisable, safe and fair
to extend this system rapidly as good tatives of the American churches to the
teria incident to an amendment of tra
judgment suggests. German churches. This means the re
ditional educational schedule. This is
In several of the schools in Honolulu sumption of friendly relations by the
excellent and stresses the gratifying fact
the "children from English-speaking American churches with the churches of
that the great body of the population
homes" are simply submerged. They Germany, which were broken when
desires only action for the welfare of
are denied the association which should America entered the war.
the future citizen and is willing to co
operate in any sane experiment that be their heritage as Americans. This
promises relief on the one hand and is the handicap of locality, or an inci
improvement on the other. dent of locality. It is serious and re The Peak of the Tear
The outstanding facts in the premises grettable but a situation not beyond
By Norman C. Schunck
remedy and repair. The years will sup
are that the births in alien families are
ply the solution. In the meantime ex WHEN does your year begin?
5,000 per annum ; that the educational
periment is not at all objectionable and Does it begin with the calendar
or school and social problems here are
can be carried on without damaging year, the fiscal year, the Chinese year,
fused ; that the American background
friction. the school year or the church year? It
here is the select or private school ; that
All of the children born here are en generally depends upon what your busi
the alien language school is still a
titled under our system, practice and ness is.
powerful influence on both child and
faith to education in the public school. The peak of the year is always a time
parent; that text books are largely in
The financial burden must be accepted of inventory and investment. One looks
terms foreign to this detached locality ;
as a matter of course ; the system must at the past, the other at the future.
that many parents are strangers to school
be adjusted to meet the real needs of
facts; that there is no acceptable em Easter is a remarkable peak of the
the day and the aspirations of a state
ployment for the great numbers of year 1922. We have seen and heard of
in the making, while all of us are bound
pupils dropping out of school or gradu the Conference on the Limitation of
to try to be unconscious of race as are
ating. Armaments. The great nations of the
the children in a school of balanced na
Those interested are earnestly labor tionality. world have met and established the habit
ing to "strike a balance." Such effort There is in the Central Grammar of conference as a substitute for the
will perhaps anticipate the operations of School an enrollment of 1400, with 12 habit of war. Bands of young men are
time, in which case gain is made and per cent from the most numerous alien now crossing land and sea to meet at
progress recorded. homes. Peking for the World's Christian Stu
In the decade, say 1945-55, the births In the public schools of the territory dent Conference. The financial depres
in non-English speaking families will are 40,000 pupils, about the same as in sion seems to be clearing. The Churches
be very few. This is certain for the the city of Oakland. Of the total in
cities and not unlikely for the villages of America are finding a rising tide of
Hawaii a little more than 40 per cent interest in the Christian ideals and life.
and camps. Foreign language is prob are from the source of the 12 per cent
ably now at its top strength. More student volunteers have been en
in Central Grammar. listed and more missionaries sent out
At the Central Grammar School the
Overend system, devised and operated than during any one year in the history
by the principal of that interesting and Invitation To Germany) of missions.
useful institution, is an amazing success This is in line with the victorious
in the direction of effecting the language Washington, March 21.—"Forgetting
march of an army following the Risen
goal. Only those children having a the things that are behind, let us to
gether press on to the things that are Christ.
fair command of English are enrolled.
There are no first grade "language re before." With these words the Federal Easter 1922 is the peak of the year.
7f. THE FRIEND April, 1922.

The Friend Peace Scholarship Plan

IN" VIEW of the new departure now Of Mr. Kashiwagi, certainly nothing of being helped only in Hawaii, when
planned, it seems appropriate to take but high praise can be given. Of him, we changed the plan we brought one
account of stock. A brief resume of the as well as of Mr. Ayasawa, it can be student from Japan to Punahou for a
movement so far shows no very great said that he practically worked his way year and then gave him a $500 scholar
expenditure of money. The plan was through college. Mr. Kashiwagi grad ship also in some American college.
put into operation in 1911 in Tokyo, and uated from Oberlin and finished with a This system was inaugurated in 1918.
since that time the expense has not theological course at Yale. We are told All the earlier men, concerning some of
averaged much over $1,000 a year. As it is not long since he was ordained .to whom special comment has been made,
the writer once had occasion to say to the ministery and plans to go back to aside from travel money and tuition at
Mr. Elihu Root, respecting the Carne Japan and preach. His father is a Mills and some help to get them to the
gie Foundation, "A real expediture of well-known Congregational minister Mainland, took care of their own ex
money would result in big returns," for there. When Mr. Hurrey of the Inter penses after they arrived there. Since
that large institution could have spent national Relations Committee of the Y. the inauguration of the Punahou plan,
$25,000, say, a year and never felt it. M. C. A. was called to change his posi there have been only four students.
And think what 11 years of momentum tion and went to Switzerland, Mr. One of whom, Miss Inouye, is still
of that sort would mean toward the Kashiwagi was induced to take work there. One of these four returned to
Jjctter understanding between the two with that committee as executive, and Japan from Chicago after a complete
countries. has served, we understand, with marked health breakdown. Another was re
success for nearly a year. called for military service (infandum!)
During those 11 years there have been
15 individuals brought from Japan who To Mr. Yamada, who has carved out
a career for himself along different lines,
The New Plan
have studied here and at Mainland col HEREAFTER it is planned to carry
leges. The facts are as follows : encomiums of another sort are due. He
too worked his way through Oberlin, on the movement begun in Tokyo
Died while engaged in study 2 with what seemed to be the unusual (Feb., 1911) and revised in 19TB, as
Returned to Japan— handicap of near-sightedness and poorer follows :
111 health 2 preparation in English. He then took Instead of getting students from
Dissatisfaction (first 3 mos.) 2 a post-graduate course in Yale. Money Japan to qualify for a scholarship in
Military Duty 1 giving out, he made his way overland American colleges, the effort shall be
and was invited to take the principal- confined to Hawaii, with the hope that
Now in college 2
At l'unahou 1 ship of a Japanese Language School at the original purpose will be even more
Graduated and employed 4 Huleia, Kauai. lie signalized his en effectively subserved.
On Mainland, unattached 1 trance in that work with some original Hereafter candidates shall be Japanese
thinking, doing some pioneering in the who shall have lived at least five years
15 matter of Romanized Japanese. The in the Territory.
children in his school are enthusiastic They must be not over 21 years of
Of those who have finished their edu age at the time of their application.
because they are released from the
cation and arc in different employment They will have had to secure a diplo
bondage of the idiogram, which makes
(and it is perhaps not fair to discuss ma from some recognized public or
the study of Japanese a nightmare.
the rest), some very enthusiastic com private high school in the Territory,
Moreover, he has further aroused their
ment is quite their due. enthusiasm by using the Japanese lan and they will be required to have secured
Concerning Mr. Ayasawa, who at guage in the afternoon to help them in a health certificate from a reputable
tended Whitman College, graduated their English work in the morning. Be physician when announcing their can
from llaverford, and then took his sides, he has instituted a very attractive didacy to the committee.
Ph.D. at Columbia, one tends, to over little paper, called Kauai-Kini, which is OFFER
state the value of the Friend Scholar written partly in Romanized Japanese, The award of scholarship shall be
ship investment. He was immediately partly in English, and illustrated by a decided by a contest based on total
chosen as Secretary to the Japanese clever hand, and all on the mimeograph. number of points as follows:
Labor Delegation at Washington, which It seems to us that he is in a place of Character—3 points.
position lie filled so ably, dealing as he large influence, and the language schools (a) testimony of principal.
could in Ixith languages, that he was throughout the Territory will feel the (b) testimony of some other person
elected to a similar position at Geneva, effect of his new ideas and sympathetic appointed by committee.
Switzerland, in connection with the treatment. He has been so long in Scholarship—2 points.
World Labor Conference Bureau. He America that he has the American view Based upon school records during
lias traveled extensively and is conver point, and his university training gives Junior and Senior years, with special
sant with at least two other of the him prestige. emphasis upon excellence in English.
European languages. He is not only Of the students who went to Punahou Physique—2 points.
gifted, but is extremely modest, and is for a year, there has not been time General health, considering also ath
very much endeared to those who know enough yet to discuss results. It should letic ability
him. be noted in the first place, that instead (Concluded on page 84)
April, 1922. THE FRIEND 77

An interesting sketch of the now-completed Federal Building which will house the Honolulu Postoffice. The suggestion
of Mrs. Charles Hubbard, landscape gardener, that date palms be used exclusively for the decoration of the grounds has met
with general approval. These are thoroughly in keeping with the Spanish architecture of the building.

"Selling the Postorrice

By D. H. MacAdam, Postmaster of Honolulu
THE little rural community had been ternity engaged in handling the United at Hilo on the thirty-first and had not
wanting a postoffice for a long time. States mails do not contend that the arrived. "Where is that letter?"
Finally its Congressman had one estab postoffice does not err. It does—in the A postmaster is accustomed to the
lished there. The proprietor of the gen proportion, approximately, of one error dramatization, in his mind's eye, of such
eral store was appointed postmaster. to every five thousand pieces of mail incidents. The ravening tradesmen must
Some weeks thereafter a stream of handled. not be permitted to intrude with their
complaints from that village poured in Doctor a highly respected and annoying reminders upon so serene and
upon the postmaster general. generously patronized physician of Ho punctual a household. Would Madame
"We do not get any answers to our nolulu, was called to Hilo towards the please fill out our Form 1510? Where
letters," the patrons of the new office end of the month. In the midst of his was the letter mailed, when, and by
wrote; "there is something wrong here." whom? Was postage affixed? How
activities on the Big Island, we say to
A postoffice inspector visited the was it addressed? Is your mail deliv
his credit, he remembered his wife and
town. ered to a mail receptacle ? Is said recep
family. He splashed his love and affec tacle kept under lock or is it accessible
"What have you done with all the
tion all over several pages of the Hilo to persons passing on, the street? etc.
letters mailed here?" the inspector
asked the postmaster. "Haven't you dis Hotel's stationery. The ensuing delay We strive to serve. Above everything,
patched them as addressed?" of those endearing words probably we hope to find that letter!
"Not yit," replied the postmaster would not have assumed importance, It is recalled that, as the days passed,
promptly. "There's the bag layin' over either postal or historical, but for the both son and daughter called upon us,
there. It ain't anywheres near full." fact that the physician inclosed a check and that we were compelled to report
Neither sun, nor moon, nor stars, I to cover the month's expenses of his no results. In due time, father returned
am sure, in the United States at least, Keeaumoku street household. Along from Hilo and stated that he regarded
shines upon so hopeless an idiot as this about the 6th of the month, mother intro our Form 1510 as an unmitigated and
alleged postmaster. The story is taken duced herself at the postoffice and in unsatisfactory nuisance ; that the name
from a current postal publication, for formed us that father invariably ful of the entire Postal Service, and particu
which, no doubt, its authors earned filled his fatherly functions; that, being larly that in Honolulu, in so far as he
a laugh from two hundred thousand a physician and hence experienced with personally had been able to observe,
postal clerks. It now also furnishes an slow-pay people, he religiously insisted was anathema ; and that, if it were not
amusing introduction to my confession upon paying his own bills promptly; that sulphurous language is unmailable,
that the wiser members of the huge fra that the letter and check had been mailed he would write to the Postmaster Gen
78 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

eral about it. We registered profound ture of the human animal; indeed, it is nation-wide campaign whereby, in ways
distress and sympathy, which perhaps perhaps the favorite indoor sport of as interesting and instructive as postal
helped to the end at that moment most many of our very best people. We may workers can find, the inside of the postal
desired—that of bringing the interview love our fellow man for his weaknesses system is explained again and again to
to a close. There followed sixty days and for that reason often encourage the public. We hope that eventually
of routine, at the end of which a very silly conduct; yet, wherever the radi each and every patron will understand
dead letter turned up. It bore the Hilo ance of intellect has shone upon this exactly what happens to his letter, paper
postmark of March 31, 1919, and was particular proposition, it has conclusively and package after it is mailed. If this
addressed : been revealed that wagging of jaw-bones hope is realized, then the patron will
Mrs. at one another should be severely re take the proper precautions which will
Keeaumoku Street, stricted to the indoor field and be assist the postal employee to transmit
San Francisco, completely barred in all the outdoor and deliver his mail by the most expedi
California. contacts of man (except the Honolulu tious route to the correct party and the
Upon its face were various notations. soap-box). "The customer is always correct address. That is why post
"No such street"; "No such number"; right," has become the accepted slogan masters all over the United States are
"Searched, 32" ; these plus a rather large of all the retail trades, and the post- going into the schools and onto the lec
oblong stamped inscription in purple office is the largest retailer in the world. ture platforms explaining both the vari
ink, with a checkmark opposite the We have more customers than anyone ous services offered by the postoffice,
word "Unclaimed." Because, after re else, so, in adopting this slogan for and the manner in which they are ren
ceiving the several services indicated by our own, we have gobbled a large dered. That is why I am writing this
the foregoing markings, the letter bore order. It is hard to take every kick article for The Friend.
no return address, it had passed to the with a smile, but it pays. The idea is Why must your letter be legibly, ade
dead letter office at San Francisco. The not that every patron will go away quately and correctly addressed in order
superintendent of that office advised us satisfied, but that the majority will go to avoid its delay or loss? Assume that
that, inasmuch as contents included a in a good humor. The great Post- it is addressed to a prominent citizen
check drawn on the bank of Hawaii, we office Department, both in the relations and that the cover reads:
might be able to locate sender and return between the 300,000 postal employes and Richard Roe,
his letter and check. We did. their superiors in that service, and in Honolulu,
I have introduced our friend, the its relations with the 110,000,000 Amer Hawaii.
doctor, not to lampoon a patron, and ican people, has set out to build up
for itself the most valuable of all busi As to legibility, the handwriting
not for the laugh there may be in his
mistake, but to emphasize the value of ness assets—good will. which is perfectly clear to its author is
the special services rendered to the "It is up to the Postmaster," said not always so easily deciphered by
Postal Service by Messrs. Will H. Hays former Postmaster General Hays in one others. Mr. Hays, you remember, in
of his orders, " to sell the postoffice person has appealed to the handwriting
and Dr. Hubert Work. The ratio of
error I gave above, one in five thou to the public." His several now-famous faddists, begging them to "cut out the
speeches on postal questions dealt with debutante stuff." The handwritten ad
sand, does not include errors made by
the public. It asserts merely that one the human side of postal work. Dr. dress that compels a clerk to pause de
in five thousand correctly addressed, Hubert Work, who succeeded Mr. Hays, lays other mail just that long; and the
properly wrapped, fully prepaid letters. is carrying out step by step the pro one which requires study is put aside
papers or parcels may be mutilated in gram laid down by Mr. Hays. It is and may be delayed several hours. A
a cancelling machine, missent by a post not enough merely to take every kick clear, typewritten address is preferable.
al employee, destroyed by fire in a rail with a smile. To win and keep the Mr. Richard Roe may be a great per
road wreck, or by other accident be de good will of any considerable part of sonage and Mr. Richard Doe a man of
layed or lost while in the mails because the American people—whether towards no consequence whatever; but if "Roe"
of the failure of a mechanical appliance a particular brand of safety razor, to reads "Doe" the letter goes to Doe.
or human error. No one has yet under wards a particular brand of chewing As to adequacy, we in Honolulu all
taken to ascertain the percentage of gum, or towards this or that automobile know Mr. Roe, but his fame has not
mail which is incorrectly, illegibly* or tire—is a big job. The way of business spread to San Francisco. We now have
inadequately addressed; which is im is to produce a good article and a large transient population; there may
properly packed or wrapped; which is then buy good will by advertising. The be three Richard Roes in town. Hono
short paid or mailed without any post enterprise of the postoffice, which seeks lulu has grown in the last few years
age; and which therefore, because of to win all the people and is prohibited and the quantity of mail handled by the
the negligence of sender or addressee, by law from spending a nickel for adver Honolulu postoffice has about doubled
is lost or delayed. If worked out, this tising, is a gigantic one. since 1917. If the letter originates on
ratio would far exceed one in five thou The groundwork has been successfully the mainland, it is "worked" by clerks
sand pieces. It would be nearer one laid. Clever publicity has affected the in the San Francisco postoffice. We
in ten pieces. psychology of the public mind, so that, now have twenty-two carrier routes and
What is the answer? Shall post instead of being predisposed against, ten separate cases of lock boxes. If the
master and patron argue as to whose the average man is predisposed in favor letter for Richard Roe were addressed
the fault? "You're to blame," says she. of the postal establishment. The task to a postoffice box number, or to a
"No, you're to blame," says he. This now is to hammer, hammer, hammer street number, it would be "tied out"
method may be more or less in the na upon the same theme. It involves a in a package of other letters and ad
April, 1922. THE FRIEND 79

dressed to its particular case of boxes

or its particular carrier. Being inade
quately addressed, the letter is massed
As Others See U<
with others for distribution by our clerks WE ARE undone; we are all un on an eschatological salvation, from sins
here which means a delay. It becomes done! The blight is upon us. We of a broad and gross physical type, but
a matter of days, or a lost letter, if we have got it (or rather them, for there which had taken little account of the
are compelled to try two Richard Roes are several things the matter with Ha sins of disposition and had suffered them
before finally making the delivery to the waii) ; the very first missionaries didn't to be cherished unchecked. Upon the
right one. bring these afflictions but those coming whole, however, these missionary de
As to correctness, this, the most ob a little later did and disaster followed ; scendants represent the idealistic core of
viously necessary of the three require others of us have added more. the community."
ments, is perhaps the most frequently It is dreadful to contemplate what In touching upon the history of mis
violated. You guess at an address and we have suffered from these disorders sion work, he says his interest gathers
leave the rest to the postoffice. You of the mind, called "craze for immed itself mainly on "the superb way in
visit Hilo or San Francisco, and having iate thaumaturgic results," "eschatolog- which the first missionaries addressed
grown accustomed to addressing local ical religion," "provincial, self-worship," themselves to the task of lifting up the
letters "City,"- you do it there—and "worship of the Diva Democratia." whole body of the life of the people to
blame the postoffice because your Hono These have spoiled the great work be a high level; in other words, the true
lulu friends do not hear from you. You gun by the heroes of the faith, that first social character of their gospel." But
hurriedly address three letters, each to band of missionaries who came on the after these first missionaries others came
the wrong city. Thaddeus. with different aims. "If only this broad,
These are some of the details in con The Union Theological Seminary Bul social gospel had been continued in the
nection with which we hope to "sell" letin for January gives extracts from a Islands! But alas, after the 1820 mis
the postoffice. If by constant effort paper read before the "Faculty Social" sionaries came other groups equally con
entitled, "A Winter in Hawaii," by secrated, no doubt, but infected by the
we reduce both our own errors and
Prof. G. A. Johnston Ross. The paper craze for immediate thaumaturgic re
those of the public by, say, ten per cent, is discursive and follows no general plan sults—manifesting itself in revivals so-
we not only gain in good will by ren but seems to present Dr. Ross' interpre called, excited mass movements attrib
dering better service, but we shall effect tation of things Hawaiian. Passing over uted to the spasmodic action of the
a saving of money running into mil mention of individuals he met, one notes Spirit of God." "This kind of thing
lions of dollars per annum. Each hand his tribute to our educational institu was unhappily 'turned on' in Hawaii."
ling of a letter takes a postal clerk's tions, both private and public, in the Dr. Ross' explanation of the Great
time which is worth from sixty to words, "I can scarcely think that any Awakening which began in 1836 is quite
seventy-five cents an hour. Pause with where else is the Christian and idealist unique. It is to be attributed to the
the thought that in every postoffice in element in education more emphasized or social motives of a feudal community.
the land either postmasters or clerks the idealism of the rising generation "The people in their heart of hearts
give much of their time to deciphering taken more seriously." He comments must have felt, tremblingly, the meaning
poorly written addresses or in searching on the mixture of races in Hawaii and for them of this new evangel. But the
city directories. Uncle Sam's bill for believes much can be learned of the fear of the Alii and especially of the ter
this work would pay the interest on a racial problem in this "great interracial rible queen regent, Kaahamanu, was
considerable part of the national debt. clinic" with its "polyglot, polyethnic and upon them and they held back from
polynoetic population." He enjoyed much contact with the missionaries.
We hope to advertise and "sell" the meeting descendants of the missionaries Then one day, Kaahamanu's great
larger aspect also. If you were im and of others who came to Hawaii in the heart broke and she became as a little
mortal and undertook to spend eternity early days of the monarchy. ' To quote : child. From that day forth Kaahamanu
in computing the permutations and com "Not all the missionary descendants became a new woman. And then, this
binations possible among 110,000,000 are wealthy and among those who are pent-up torrent of the people's feeling
matches, you would then comprehend not wealthy, I found a quiet, gentle broke forth and converts poured into
the complexity of the postal problem. piety that held me in rebuke in its every the church. But you see the point.
It is a marvelous system whereby each movement. On the other hand, I found What was simply an incident in royal
a curious anti-Hawaiian bias represented etiquette—a people waiting for the queen
of the 110,000,000 American citizens
in some cases—a queer psychological to make the first move—was interpreted
at the same moment may write to any
phenomenon, I think the result of being as a special outpouring of the Holy
one other of the 110,000,000 anywhere made familiar in an immature youth Ghost and the land from that time be
in the United States—or expand the with some unpleasant facts about moral came a place where such movements
comparison to include pretty much all conditions among the people. Perhaps, were diligently worked up and the edu
the population of the globe and every too, some of the Havvaiians had through cational work correspondingly suffered."
country in the world—with each single education risen to greater power than A curious twist of historic facts.
unit proceeding simultaneously, with some of these missionary descendants Even Zeus nods and Dr. Ross has in
little confusion and no collisions, to des had been able to secure. Or, again, it some way got his dates mixed. Kaa
tination. The spider's web is a trifling might be just one other case where hamanu was converted in 1825 and
comparison ; only the stars in their myr people had been brought up in an evan died in 1832. The Great Awakening
iad courses offer a fit parallel. gelicalism whose emphasis was mainly began in 1836. The "pent-up torrent of
so THE FRIEND April, 1922.

the people's feeling" stayed "pent up" revealing the deepest national weakness but does not educate." (Eschatological
ten or eleven years before it "broke in this people—its provincial self-wor religion, or religion seeking immediate
forth" in response to "an incident in ship." "The fact is, the devotees of thaumaturgic results is no doubt meant.)
royal etiquette." It is news to most democracy must face the fact that their "And worst of all, it is more than
readers of Hawaiian history that after worship of the Diva Democratia is doubtful whether the present Hawaiian
Kaahamanu's conversion "educational simply a new form of idolatry. And Mission Board, which is not as forward
work suffered." Lahainaluna School just as long as the madness lasts, so looking as it might be, is adequate with
was established six years after Kaa long will American Christianity stumble out continental aid for the terribly hard
hamanu's conversion: Oahu College and and fumble in her approaches to the missionary work which has still to be
all the mission schools were organized undemocratic communities of Hawaii done in the Islands. For though one
at or subsequent to the period of the and Japan." century of mission work there has ended,
Great Awakening and most of them In the opinion of Dr. Ross, we Amer another, far harder, has begun."
have continued to this day. icans are failing to understand our com The Hawaiian Mission Board unques
When Dr. Ross touches on the re munity because the other peoples in this tionably needs all the aid it can enlist
trenchment of the A. B. C. F. M. in land still have the monarchial idea of but the implication that it is not forward
1863, he handles with scant courtesy the life, and "only harm is being done by looking arises either from ignorance of
Rev. Rufus Anderson, D.D., LL.D., who Americans' failure to recognize the fact or misinterpretation of- facts. If to
for over forty years was foreign secre that the undemocratic idea is there and foster Christian boarding schools for
tary of the A. B. C. F. M. and presum bv attempting to ride roughshod over boys and girls ; if to finance a Theologi
ably a man of wide knowledge and it'." cal Seminary for the training of young
broad sympathies. The American Board The manifold problems in education, men for the ministry ; if to send out each
sent to Hawaii "a commission, of which in ethnology, in economics which Ha year 40 or 50 young men and women
the leading figure was a person named waii presents are of great interest and trained in modern Sunday School
Rufus Anderson, to negotiate for the add zest to life. "There are two forces methods ; if to organize in local churches
detachment of the mission and for its opposed to one another at work in the up-to-date Sunday School work; if to
surrender into local hands on the ground field of education. One type is anxious conduct social settlements on most ap
that the Islands were now Christianized. to do the best for the child, whatever proved Christian plans : if to place well-
I need hardly say the Islands had not be his color or race and to carry him trained American missionaries in the
been Christianized in any sense which as far as he will go : the opposing party strategic center of the Territory; if to
the standards of today would recognize. laments that the children are being edu direct the activities of sixty or more Ha
But Anderson, who was full of the cated away from the plantations, their waiian, Japanese, Chinese and Filipino
eschatogical conception of salvation idea being that it is for this labor that preachers into lines of greatest effective
would have nothing to do with moral the Japanese were brought in and to ness for Christianizing their peoples; if
or educational consideration." this they should be confined. This is to organize the rising generation of
According to Dr. Ross, the question one of the cases which shows how Americans born of foreign parents into
(of surrender of the work into local hydra-headed and irrepressible a mon live religious groups ; if to be awake
hands) was "already decided in the mind ster slavery is, and how subtle is the to the multitudinous demands of the
of the Gospeler Anderson." Appeals of working in the American and Anglo- hour; if all these things are indications
certain of the missionaries for continu Saxon mind, under camouflage of de of limited vision, then the Hawaiian
ance of the American Board help fell on mocracy, of a real belief in the aris Board is "not as forward looking as it
deaf ears, which illustrates "the curious tocracy of the Nordic peoples. With all might be."
cruelty that often goes with eschato- this the educational prospects are ex However, Dr. Ross in a measure stul
logical relgiion." "Out of the dastardly traordinarily bright." tifies his criticism by his tribute to the
betrayal had issued the tragedy of Dr. Ross pays tribute to the three one substantial piece of Board work
modern Hawaii. The people never had principal groups in the cosmopolitan with which he became acquainted, "A
time to be told the truth about the Bible populations, as follows : "The Chinese splendid, sane, patient, enlightened work
nor instructed in history; their religious impress every stranger by their dignity among the Chinese is carried on by the
education was arrested when (the or and the solid worth of their character Hawaiian Mission Board under an Au
ganization of the mission being Congre and intellectual achievements. The burn man, Norman Schenck." If he
gational) congregations were left to the swifter and more nimble Japanese are had made an equally close approach to
care of the uneducated pastors ; and the equally remarkable for their engaging any of the other lines of work he would
door was opened for such things as sweetness and courtesy. The Hawaiians perhaps have felt inclined to extend
Mormonism." are big, grave, dignified people, of ex those words to the work as a whole.
However, Dr. Ross sees some rays of traordinary liberality of mind, with a
hope for Hawaii, for he says, "But there capacity for forgiveness which is almost J. P. E.
is good hope, if the forces now at work uncanny and an inextinguishable sense
on the Christian side have the sympathy of delicate self-respect." Some fine specimens of the "Cup of
and support of the American people : The menace of Mormonism bulks Gold," that interesting and very beauti
and if a stop is put on the one hand to large in the opinion of Dr. Ross, for he ful flower which blossoms so well in
that dreadful militarization of the com says: "There is no more heartbreaking this climate, are for sale at the reason
munity .... and on the other to sight on earth than the Mormon temple able price of $2.00 each. In ordering
that naive identification of American at lonely Laie. There it stands a per address The Friend, Mission Memorial
ization with Christianization, which is petual rebuke to the religion that cheers Building.
 April, 1922. THE FRIEND 81

The "Child Wonder " of tke Ag By F. F. Lewis

Mr. Lewis is an ardent friend of Hawaii, to her. That the same is true of her
who has spent several winters here, bring A SKED to comment upon the marvelous
ing with him each time a party of tourist hearing vibrations.
*i powers of Wiletta Huggins, Miss
friends from the state of Wisconsin. Superintendent Hooper has affidavits
Concident with the receipt of his story of
Sara McBride, principal of the Territorial
School for the Deaf and the Blind, stales from Dr. Thorne, Janesville, who is a
Wiletta Huggins was the appearance of an
article in the Ladies' Home Journal. Knowl that she sar» her at the Convention of the specialist on eyes and ears; from Mrs.
edge of this child wonder is therefore now American Instructors of the Deaf, which Harriet Parish, Janesville, who has had
country-wide. was held in Philadelphia in June, 1920, Wiletta under her care for four years
WE HAVE in the Wisconsin State and, together with everyone present at that as supervisor of the school ; E. G. Buck,
Institute for the blind, located in meeting, was much impressed with the dem who is principal of the Janesville school,
onstration which she gave. and Miss Martha Whittam, who is
Janesville, the child wonder of the age,
Miss Wiletta Huggins, 16 years of age, Miss McBride says: supervisor and teacher of home eco
"At that time, Wiletta, by placing her nomics at the blind school, all of whom
who is now both blind and deaf.
hand on the back of the neck, on the vocal testify that living with and knowing the
Denied the power to see or hear with cords, or on the head of the speaker, re girl for over four years has developed
in the last three years, this little girl has ceived vibrations which enabled her to nothing to show that Wiletta has the
developed powers so keen that she hears understand what was being said. The girl's slightest ability either to hear or see.
through the sense of touch. By placing sense of touch and smell have become still
more acute since then. She is now able to Wiletta came to the school six years
the tips of her fingers, or of one finger, ago. Since childhood her sight was de
so she can feel the vocal cords of the carry on a conversation through a pine stick,
one end of which is placed on the head of fective. Physicians declared that it was
person talking, she can carry on a con the speaker and the other held in her hand. but a matter of time that she would be
versation readily. We talked and Wil Through the sense of smell she is able to totally deaf and blind. She was not told
etta did not move a muscle of her face distinguish color. At first she claimed that this when she was sent to the school.
as she stood by the superintendent. She she could not tell colors in nature but this She was inclined to be backward in
did not hear. she is able to do very accurately now. She
loves music and gets delight in placing her
learning the "point system" of' reading.
Then the superintendent (of the Wis hand on the piano while it is being played. In place of studying she preferred to
consin School for the Blind) placed the This musical vibration, 'rhythm,' even chil walk in the fields and woods about the
fingers of her hand near his throat, a dren born deaf enjoy. They also like to grounds.
thumb and finger over the location of sing. On October, 1919, she was in the
the vocal cords and said, "Wiletta Was one of many misunderstood sewing room learning to make an apron.
"This man wants to interview you for children. She appeared backward in her She could see somewhat at this time.
studies while attending public schools. In She stooped to pick up a piece of ma
the 'Gazette.' " fact, she was thought to be a mental defec
"All right," she said, laughing, "but terial and was startled. She cried to
tive, and at the age of ten she was still in
we must talk in my way." the second grade. It Was finally discovered her teacher, for the room became dark
She could answer any question, repeat that her eyesight Was defective and she was to her. She did not regard this affliction
any phrase. Later she discovered that placed in the school for the blind and is as serious, but a year from that time
she could converse equally well with her now one of the brightest pupils in attend brought the second catastrophe. This
ance." time she lost her hearing.
hand on any part of the skull, and even
Miss McBride feels, however, that the A year ago last spring a visitor came
with contact on the chest over the outer children among whom she is working here
clothing. who had known Helen Kellar. This
in Hawaii—there are twenty-four deaf and
Finally it was discovered that she four blind—are much more handicapped party undertook to interest Wiletta in
could converse through a pine stick if than this child now proclaimed the wonder understanding the spoken word through
she was given contact with one end and of the age, and that in their development placing the fingers on throat, lips and
the other end held firmly on the head they are quite as wonderful. None of these nose. Miss Kellar had learned so to do.
children were blessed with the power of Strange to say Wiletta was hard to inter
of the party speaking. speech before losing the use of eyes or ears,
This was demonstrated before an audi est in this way. One day she placed her
and are, therefore, having to gain speech by fingers to her teacher's throat and re
ence of ladies in the Sunday School of a process the difficulty of which no normal
the First Congregation Church of Janes peated what she had said. She had not
person outside the work can appreciate. She
ville. Superintendent Hooper placed one relates the following incident to show how studied the touch method diligently nor
end of the stick in her hand and step such children are at the mercy of other chil practiced to any great degree. "It just
ping off the platform and holding the dren and of thoughtless persons of every came to me," she said.
opposite end on his head, conversed with description. Whereas, before, Wiletta was back
her freely. It was noticeable that when "A few Weeks ago some neighborhood ward in her studies, she is now one of
he lifted the stick from his head Wiletta boys thought that it would be great sport the brightest and best pupils in the
to play a trick on a 'dummy,' (a local school.
made no response.
characterization. ) As a result a deaf boy
Statements made by Prof. Jastrow, When strips of cloth of various colors
(Concluded on Page 82)
psychologist at the University of Wis are handed to Wiletta she is able to
consin, are that Wiletta Huggins gives on the contrary, the indications are per tell the color of each by smelling 0f
not the slightest suggestion of the pos fectly clear that she gets knowledge of them, her eyes being bandaged in. \Y\r
session of any unusual sense and that, color through such vision as remains meantime.
 THE FRIEND April, 1922.
S2

•It was suggested that she might pos (Continued from Previous Page.) of speech and language for a child of this
of nine was carded to the hospital and it kind is a slow, arduous task- This child
sibly have sufficient sight to aid her in
was believed for days that the explosion of has acquired about a hundred and fifty
this and as a further test she, with an words and had begun to learn their use in
a charge of powder in his face would result
attendant, was placed in a bank vault. very simple sentences.
in his total blindness. When I first saw
Here they were in absolute darkness. him his head and hands were bandaged like I immediately took the dish of food and
Pieces of similar fabric, but of different those of an Egyptian mummy, with just his tried to make my presence known by placing
colors, were placed each in a separate parched and swollen lips and the end of his one bandaged little hand on the cords of
envelope and handed to the attendant as little burned nose exposed. He was again my throat and repeating my name several
the door was closed upon them. Wiletta a victim, this lime of total lack °f under times. The child, though not speaking the
was given the envelopes one at a time, standing and sympathy, for a child, one of name, nodded his little bandaged head as
the convalescents at the hospital, was poking much as to say thai he understood.
and with a pencil she wrote the color
too-hot food into his mouth and he was
on the envelope as she placed the fabric unable to make the fact known. The sight "Through the skill and timely aid of the
inside of it. physician, the child's sight was saved. Other
brought tears to my eyes. I thought of
Miss Helen Kellar met Wiletta in Wiletta, and how, even with the loss of wise we might have had a deaf-blind child
Madison by appointment. After the sight and hearing, she was still wonderfully here in Hawaii.
interview she pronounced Wiletta a blessed in having gained the knowledge of "This power which Wiletta Huggins pos
speech and language before her affliction. sesses seems to come so naturally to her, no
child wonder and expressed the thought
This child, born deaf, without ever having effort apparently being exerted in receiving
that through her great good might come speech impressions or those of color. She
heard the human voice, and consequently
to those deprived of their normal senses. not able to utter an intelligible sound when may prove to be one of the greatest wonders
he first entered school, was in the process and one of the greatest blessings to the edu
of learning by hard work—words— the be cational field which the world has ever pro
Autobiograpkical Notes of ginning of a vocabulary. The acquisition duced."

Ephraim W. Clark
( Written in 1877 and 1878 and arranged
by A.S.B.)
1st Name, etc. Ephraim Weston
Clark, born in Haverhill, N. H, April
25th, 1799. My parents removed to
Peacham, Vt., in my early infancy.
2nd. Parents' names, etc. Edward
Clark and Elizabeth Weston (or Wesson
as it is sometimes spelled). My father
was a soldier of the Revolution in Lafay
ette's regiment, and severely wounded
about one hour before the close of the
last battle and the surrender of Com-
wallis at Jamestown, Virginia. My ma
ternal grandfather, Ephraim Weston,
Miss McBride is here seen working with our own deaf and blind children of Hawaii.
whose name I bear, was a captain in the
French War of 1775, and one of the
first settlers in Plymouth, N. H. Pie Peacham, and commenced preparatory 4th. Licensure, etc. In May or first
lived in Haverhill, N. H., during the studies in Peacham Academy. In 1818, of June, 1827, at Lyndon, Vt., I was
Revolutionary War, and went as dele by the advice of Rev. Messrs. Goddard licensed to preach the Gospel by the
gate from Haverhill to the State Con and Worcester, I went to Bangor, Me., Cal. Association. On the 3rd of October
vention at the commencement of the and entered the Institution then re following, at Brandon, Vt., I was or
dained (in company with an Andover
Revolution. cently established there to prepare young
classmate, Rev. Jonathan S. Green, now
3rd. Education, etc. My early edu men for the Gospel ministry, since
cation was in the common schools and of the Sandwich Islands), as a Foreign
changed to Bangor Theol. Seminary. Missionary, Rev. Beriah Green preach
Peacham Academy. In 1815, when 16 In 1819, by the advice of some students . ing the sermon, afterwards printed.
years old, I removed to Stanstead Plain, from Andover Seminary, I decided to
to engage in business as a clerk in a 5th. Places of Labor, etc. While in
pursue a fuller course than that then the Seminary, my mind was turned
country store. In 1816, during a short
afforded at Bangor, and late in the year strongly to the subject of Foreign Mis
season of revival, I became a hopeful
1819, went to Andover, Mass., and sions, and after conversing with Dr.
subject of renewing grace and united
entered Phillips Academy there. In Sept. Woods, I decided to offer myself to the
with the little Congregational Church
1820, I entered Dartmouth College, and A. B. C. F. M. I was appointed to the
in Stanstead, then under the care of
graduated in the class of 1824. After Sandwich Islands' Mission before I left
Rev. Mr. Leland of Derby. Afterwards
I transferred my relation to Peacham. teaching a select school a few weeks in the Seminary. On the 3rd of Novem
Soon after this, by the advice of friends, Boscawin, N. H., I entered the Theol. ber, 1827, I sailed from Boston in the
I decided to prepare for the work of the Seminary at Andover, and finished the ship Parthian in company with Bro.
ministry. In 1817 I returned to course there in Sept., 1827. Green, and several others, as the second
 April, 1922. THE FRIEND 83
reinforcement to the Sandwich Islands'
Mission, and arrived at Honolulu March
30th, 1828, after about five months'
High Priest of Buddhism Replies to Dr. Palmer
The following from Dr. Kirby was received within a fortnight after the ap
passage around Cape Horn. For six
pearance of the article, "American Buddhist Ceremony," in the January Friend. The
years I labored at Honolulu in connec writer of the latter article, the Rev. Albert W. Palmer, was then on the mainland alnd
tion with Rev. Hiram Bingham, devot The Friend felt that in justice to him and to the entire Christian program he should be
ing part of my time to preaching in given an opportunity to comment upon it in the same issue in which Dr. Kirby's reply
English to seamen and foreigners. In was printed. Dr. Palmer's comments are unquestionably fair and his interpretation of the
1834, I was assigned to the Mission spirit rather than the letter of Christianity is one in which Christian people everywhere
Seminary at Lahainaluna, on the Island will rejoice.
of Maui, in connection with Rev. Lorrin
The Editor, foot. Also, is it not possible—I do
Andrews. This Seminary was for rais
ing up teachers and helpers in our work. The Friend. Honolulu, T. H. not understand the Japanese language
I labored here nine years. In 1843 I Dear Sir : —that the local Japanese Christian
became pastor of the native church at My attention has been directed to clergy are carrying on an anti-Budd
Wailuku on the same Island, where I an article in the last issue of your hist propaganda? A certain tract was
remained five years. . In 1848 I was re paper regarding the Buddhist Cere put into my hands the other day from
moved by vote of the Mission to Hono mony held in Hongwanji, Sunday eve one of that body which causes me to
lulu, as pastor of the First Church there, nings, and contributed by Rev. A. W. suppose so.
Rev. Dr. Armstrong having resigned the Palmer. If my talk on Christmas was an
pastorate to become Government Minis "attack," then I fail to understand
In the first place, I wish to correct
ter of Public Instruction. Here I la what would be termed an address. I
an error on the part of the Rev. Pal
bored fifteen years until 1863, when I emphatically deny that it was intended
mer's correspondent. I have never
resigned the pastorate and gave place directly or indirectly as an attack on
claimed to be a Catholic priest at any
to a young man, Rev. H. H. Parker, one that most ancient of all ancient festi
time. I have been closely associated
of our missionary sons, who is still vals. It was but a review of the his
with Catholic monastic life, and wore
pastor of the church. In 1857 I was torical associations in connection with
the Robe of an Order, but an ordained
appointed with some others on a com the tradition of the birth of Christ—
priest, never. I am not, nor ever was,
mittee for revising the Hawaiian Scrip and I quoted extensively from Chris
entitled to be called as Rev. Palmer
tures for a new edition to be electro- tian sources which I mentioned.
several times refers to me as "Father
typed at the Bible House, New York. I should like to add, that many of
Kirby."
It was devolved on me to act as chair the "intelligent" Americans who were
At the same time, I hold a certifi
man of the committee. In 1864 we present thanked me personally for such
cate of Ordination as a Christian priest
had made such progress in this work an illuminating talk on the old tra
—but not as a Catholic.
that it was thought best for me to go to dition, and that my notes went the
Regarding the alleged sneers as men
New York to read proofs and see the round of several people who wished to
tioned by Rev. Palmer's correspondent,
work through the press at the Bible digest them at closer range.
surely, the Rev. Palmer has forgotten
House. Accordingly I came to New his Church history! May I courte It may interest the Rev. Palmer and
York, arriving in September, 1864. We ously refresh the learned Doctor's mem his correspondent to know that some of
immediately commenced the work, pre ory ? our American Buddhist friends have
paring Scripture marginal references as Was it not the Christian Church that been told that "They would go to the
the work was being electrotyped. This took the initiative in the persecution devil,'" a business man was told by a
occupied my time for about three years. of non-Christian religions? Is it not local minister that "he should be burnt
Two editions of this work have been the Christian Church that still uses at the stake"!' ! Suppose such a lov
printed, and an edition of the New the term "heathen" as one of derision ing, broad-minded expression emanated
Testament and Psalms, in a smaller type, and contempt towards non-Christians? from me, what would the Rev. Doctor
has been printed at the Bible House. What about the famous missionary say?
Since these were finished, I have been hymn, "From Greenland's Icy Moun The Rev. Palmer outlines a course
engaged, at the request of the Mission, tains?" Does the Rev. Doctor's cor of study based on a historical method.
in looking after the printing of Ha respondent remember the second verse? I am in deep sympathy with him there
waiian works at the Tract House, New What an insult to humanity alone is con —that is the point. When this method
York. I have translated and carried veyed in those words! Surely, if be is universal throughout the church,
through the press the Bible Dictionary fore the learned Doctor had rushed into —that is the point. When this method
of the American Tract Society. I have print, he had sat down and reflected is universal throughout the church,
also read the proofs of several other in a philosophical and scholarly man and the unbiased truth is taught, then
works translated by others, viz. "Pioneer ner, he would have arrived at this con my deepest sympathy will be aroused
Boy," or early life of President Lincoln ; clusion: "Well, we deserve it." I and my co-operation assured. Christ,
Life of Henry Opukahaia in Hawaiian ; have a book full of clippings before I love, his ethics I love as they re
Commentary on Matthew; Hawaiian me taken from various papers (Ameri mind me of those of the Buddha's, I
Hymn Book, in two editions, and several can) containing invectives, lies, etc., have no quarrel there. But to blind
smaller works and tracts. The last work, against Buddhism. I am but human faith, credulity, misleading interpreta
lately finished, was a small Music Book and far from perfect, but I do not tion, the degradation of intelligence, I
(Continued on page 85) apologize—the shoe is on the other shall always combat both in Christian
84 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

ity and Buddhism. Unless Christianity Personally I do not deal in insults.

is advanced along progressive, open None of Dr. Kirby's clippings of "in The Peace Scholarship Plan
lines, taking psychology, the scientific vectives and lies against Buddhism" (Continued from page 76.)
scholarship of our universities into con came from my pen. I am not to blame. (a) testimony of principal.
sideration, Christianity, as Rev. Palmer The one point at which any just com (b) health certificate.
strikingly points out, will ultimately plaint can be lodged against me is that Essay on international relations—2 points.
reach its end. Churchianity is already I characterized Dr. Kirby's Christmas Written on a special subject to be sup
rushing to its doom. Christian Science, address as an attack. Well, in my plied by the committee and particu
New Thought, etc., are evidences of a judgment, that is just what it was. larly bearing on relations between
new birth in the truth of Christ's Otherwise, instead of making so much Japan and America.
Teachings. May I ask with all respect capital about the uncertainty of the date Subject this year: "America and
and love: Are the clergy blind? of Christ's birth, he would have said : Japan-Hawaii's Part in Friendliness
In an interview I willingly accorded "Of course this in no way influences or Conflict." Minimum 1500 words.
one of the students of the Pacific the value and power of his teachings Participation in school activities—1 point.
School of Religion, Berkeley, Califor and example and is purely an interest Total—10 points.
nia, previous to my coming here, he ing historical puzzle." And instead of
records his impressions—which were The essay having been written, ap
baldly pointing out that Mark, the
published—as follows : "As one inter pointments are made through the prin
earliest Gospel, contained no reference
views him (the undersigned) one is cipal of each school, who, with his local
to either the virgin birth or resurrection
impressed with his spiritual type of committee, eliminates all but the two
he would have said: "But of course
mind and his honesty. It would appear candidates having the highest standing
we must remember that Paul's Epistles,
that here is a man willing to sacrifice in the competition.
which are even earlier than the Gospels,
much and to strive to find the way of do explicitly teach the resurrection." In totalling the number of points for
truth." The Rev. Doctor will pardon any candidate, the committee will be
Personally I believe, as Mr. White at liberty to permit the element of char
this sample of non-egotistical self-re has so beautifully said, that Buddha and
ference. To Truth, I am its friend, I acter to outweigh all other considera
Christ, if they were to meet, would be tions.
demand it and shall proclaim it fear friends and find much in common. Who
lessly and- with an open heart. May In deciding concerning comparative
shall say that in the vast possibilities of
I suggest that God—that Great Imper scholarship, the ranking by the respec
the universe they have not met? Their
sonal Mind—loves a brave spirit and tive schools will have to be the determin
followers too should be kind and courte
that He finds companionship with the ing factor.
ous friends. Personally I rejoice in
bold? every bit of truth that Buddha saw. I To the successful competitor will be
Thanking you, dear Sir, in anticipa have a beautiful bronze replica of the paid a sum amounting to $500 each
year, for a ■ four year's course in an
tion. Dai Butsu of Kamakura in my study.
Yours very truly, I have spoken more than once with deep American college, the selection of which
appreciation of Buddha's character and shall be with the advice and approval
M. T. KIRBY— of the committee. Wherever possible,
teaching. But I believe that the divine
(High Priest) the committee will secure a free scholar
light which glimmered in Buddha be
The Library, Hongwanji. ship from the college in addition to the
came incandescent in Jesus of Nazareth.
Honolulu, T. H., February 2, 1922. above grant.
Roth Buddha and Christ must be valued
at last by their teachings and their It is recognized that this sum will not
power to save individual lives and so of itself be entirely sufficient to pay all
Dr. Palmer's Reply ciety as a whole, not by quibbles over expenses and the candidate will be ex
the date, place or method of their birth. pected to help himself by work either
Editor of the Friend :
in the summer or at other times. This
It is very kind of you to give me the ALBERT W. PALMER. feature is regarded as a valuable part
opportunity to comment on this letter of the training.
of Dr. Kirby's but there is very little I March 11, 1922. Travel expense from Hawaii to the
need to say except to request your read mainland from $150 to $200 (according
ers to go back in their files to the Janu to distance) will be furnished.
ary issue of The Friend, read my fair CONCERNING HAITI Obligation to continue the payment of
and moderate article and then ask them The Secretary of the Navy, the Hon this sum each year will depend on the
selves if I deserve this reproof at Dr. orable Edwin Denby, in speaking on record of the student in his college work.
Kirby's hands. Haiti recently said: "It is my opinion Failure either in character or in college
If other men, claiming to be Chris that the missionary societies and work (when the latter is chargeable to
tians, have threatened Buddhists with churches could not do better than to the candidate's remissness) absolves the
a martyr's death and companionship with send representatives to Haiti. They committee from any responsibility in re
the devil after that, I can only plead would not alone be conferring benefits gard to him.
that I did not do so. Those acquainted upon the people of Haiti, but their Help to return to Hawaii after the
with my theology know why ! The sec kindly offices should do much toward successful completion of the college
ond stanza of "From Greenlands Icy bringing about a friendly feeling be work will be provided upon application.
Mountains," as printed in my hymn tween the people of that country and Choice of colleges for this year (pro
book, contains no insult to anybody. the United States." viding satisfactory arrangements for
April, 1922. THE FRIEND 85

scholarship can be made by the com ford, Vt. We were married at St. parallel columns, English and Hawaiian.
mittee) are as follows: Johnsbury, Vt., and soon returned to In 1859 I came again on a short visit
the Sandwich Islands. and returned with my second wife.
Cornell, Columbia, Stanford, Pomona,
7th. Authorship, etc. Besides the I am now residing with my second
Whitman, Oberlin, University of Ha
works already mentioned, I prepared wife in a pleasant home in Chicago near
waii. two of our children, waiting until my
some small school books in Hawaiian,
The question as to whether both viz. small works on Geometry, Trigo change comes. (And it came six days
boys and girls are always eligible to nometry, Surveying, etc., Little Philos after the last notes were written, by sun
compete for the scholarship, or whether opher (translation from Abbott), First stroke. A.S.B.) My youngest sister is
they both are provided for on alternate Lessons in Astronomy, Tract on Mar now living with us. She was the wife
years, is left for the further decision of
riage. These were printed at the Islands. of Dr. Nathan Ward, who was for a
the committee. 8th. Honors, etc. A.B. and A.M., time a practising physician in Durham,
For the year 1922 only boys are eli the only literary honors received. N. H. By invitation of the A.B.C.F he
gible. 9th. Other Facts, etc. In 1839 I sailed in 1833 for Ceylon, and became
was advised by physicians to take a missionary physician. In about fourteen
voyage for my health. I accordingly years he returned, on account of the
embarked at Honolulu in a trading ves ill health of his wife, to this country.
Autobiographical Notes of sel for China, and spent a few weeks He was ordained and was for some
Ephraim W. Clark in Macao and Canton, and became ac years pastor of the Congregational
quainted with the missionaries S. Wells Church in North Troy, Vt. In 1860 he
(Continued from Page 83) Williams, Bridgeman and others. raiied again for Ceylon and died and
of Hymns and Tunes for Hawaiian Bridgeman I had met at Andover. I was buried at sea. His wife went on
Sabbath Schools. was absent about five months from the to Ceylon, and in 1865 returned again
6th. Marriage, etc. I was married Islands. In 1852 I went as delegate to this country by way of England.
from our Mission to Micronesia with the She is now 74 years old. Dr. Ward was
the next day after leaving Andover,
first missionaries to that field, to aid born in Plymouth. X. H., and was
September 27, 1827, a few days before in introducing the brethren there, and grandson of Rev. Nathan Ward, one of
my ordination at Brandon, to Mary was absent five or six months. I came the first settlers and the first pastor of
Kittredge. daughter of Josiah and Mary to the United States in 1856, partly on the church in Plymouth. He and my
(Baker) Kittredge, Mount Vernon, N. account of Mrs. C.'s health, and party maternal grandfather, Capt. Ephraim
H. She was a member of a pious fam to superintend the printing of the New Weston, were, I think, among the first
ily of seven children, the mother of Testament at the Bible House, N. Y., in company who came to Plymouth.
whom, Dr. Thompson says (in a memo
rial sermon on the late Dea. Alvah Kitt
redge of Boston), "prayed them all into
the kingdom, and one of the daughters
into the missionary work and two of
A Freeman of fKe Frontier
the sons into the Congregational minis IT was on March thirteenth, quietly at "A Freeman of the Frontier" is what
try." The other three sons became his home in Manoa Valley, that John his biographer, Mr. Robert Whitaker,
deacons of different churches, and the T. Gulick celebrated his ninetieth birth calls him. The first chapter of this
other daughter became the wife of a day. book (still in manuscript) is stirring
good deacon in Indiana. Mary Kitt It was on this same day, in Colum in its record of achievement.
redge, my wife, was born in 1803 at bia, Mo., that his son Addison wrote Mr. Whitaker says in part:
Mount Vernon, N. H.. and brought up as the opening paragraph of a birthday "The story of John Gulick's life is
there. After thirty years of faithful letter to his father : more than the record of a remarkable
missionary service she died at Honolulu, "At such an anniversary I cannot missionary career. As such it might
S. Islands, August 14, 1857. She was help thinking of the great perspective well claim more than ordinary atten
the mother of eight children, seven of view of the history of the accomplish tion, especially from those who are in
whom are still living. Two daughters ments of the human race which must terested in the work of pushing for
are married and are useful members of come to a person who has lived such a ward the frontiers of the known world.
society at the Hawaiian Islands. One life as yours. And at this particular It is no small thing to have been the
is the wife of Rev. O. H. Gulick of date there seems to have come a group man who pierced the interior of China
Kobe, Japan. Two sons are engaged of events that emphasize that thought. more than fifty years ago, and before
in business in California, and one son The way in which Japanese. Chinese even Hudson Taylor's famous 'Inland
and one daughter in Chicago. I was and Pacific Ocean affairs have come in Mission' had begun its course made
again married September 13th, 1859, to to the foreground as leading world manifest the possibility of such an
Sarah Helen Richards, daughter of Levi events must contrast strangely with the achievement, and according to the con
Richards, Norwich, Vt. She was edu times that you can. remember." fession of the courageous and generous
cated in part at Mt. Holyoke Fern. Sem Few there arc, doubtless, even in Fnglishman did in fact pave the way
inary, and for ten years was principal Hawaii where he was born, who ap for his great endeavor. This in it
of the Female Department of Kimball preciate fully the many-sided contribu self, with the record in detail of the
Union Academy, Meriden, N. H., and tion which Mr. Gullick, a missionary solitary and successful mission at Kal-
relict of Rev. Thomas Hall of Water- scientist, has made to the world. gan, on the far frontiers of Northern
86 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

China where Dr. Gulick and his wife throughout the years of his active min the growth of individual life. Yet in
spent the years from 1864 to 1875, istry. It was hardly to be expected fact Dr. Gulick has attained to the
should entitle their names to remem that he would be found among the pio fearlessness and freedom of the fron
brance among the names of the fear neers of Social Christianity and the tiersman here also, and holds his place
less frontiersmen who have led the for science which has to do with the today with the foremost exponents of
ward movement of our time. * * * growth of social institutions rather than the advancing social order."
"Nor is this all of Gulick's story by
any means if we have regard to nothing
more than the physical frontiers of the
world. It will be seen that he came of
Historic Mausoleum Now Ckapel
frontier stock, that his birth was at an MARKING the change from a tomb seized under order of Lord George Pau-
outpost of civilization while yet that of the royal dead of two dynasties let, a British commander, who made an
outpost was very young, that his youth in Hawaii to a religious edifice, the old unlawful demand of the king and seized
was romantically associated with the Royal Mausoleum was converted into a the government and public records. His
pioneers of the Pacific Coast in the chapel on the afternoon of March 26th. act was repudiated later by Admiral
stirring days of '49, and before, and The thought for the conversion of the Thomas, who restored the flag and gov
that besides his distinctive and dis mausoleum into a chapel came from ernment.
tinguished services in China John Gul Princess Kalanianaole, and was heartily Dr. G. P. Judd, then minister of
ick was for an even longer term of endorsed by Governor Farrington. Dedi foreign affairs for the young kingdom,
years among the makers of modern cation was to the memory of the late fearing imprisonment and the seiz
Japan. If we think of the pioneer Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, ure of the records, withdrew them from
therefore in the first and natural mean whose birthday fell on the following day. the Government House and secretly
ing of the word only, John Gulick's Bishop La Mothe, of the Episcopal Dio placed them in the Royal Tomb. In this
life is a story that well deserves to be cese, officiated, assisted by Cannon Ault. abode of death, surrounded by the sov
told. FIRST OCCUPIED IN 1865 ereigns of Hawaii, using the coffin of
Kaahumanu for a table, for many weeks
"But Gulick, though like David Liv The mausoleum was erected by the
he nightly found an unsuspected asylum
ingstone not a whit less a missionary government of the Hawaiian kingdom
for his own labors in behalf of the king
for his scientific interests, was more during the Kamehameha dynasty rule
dom. It required no small prudence on
than a messenger of rational and hu and was occupied by bodies of kings
the part of one so influential and be
mane religious ideas to the very fast and chiefs, princes and princesses of
loved among the natives to prevent an
nesses of heathendom. * * * John that house in October, 1865. The im
actual collision between the hostile
Gulick was recognized by high scien pression has prevailed that it was erected
parties.
tific authority a generation ago as hold by the king himself as a mausoleum for
The removal of the bodies took place
ing in the realm of modern scientific those of his dynasty, but it was built
thought some such place as he has had immediately after the funeral of Robert
from government treasury funds and
in a physical way on the frontiers of Crichton Wyllie, who had been minister
dedicated to the royal dead of Hawaii.
of foreign relations for many years, a
the world. * * * Both those who All the dead of the Kamehameha dy
mock at missions and those who mis Scotchman of high character and in
nasty, except Kamehameha the Great,
understand and depreciate the truly domitable energy, to whose industry
King Lunalilo and his mother, Kekau-
missionary character of great thinkers with the pen the present archives are
luohi, and all the dead of the Kalakaua
in every department of life will do well indebted for much history of the Islands.
dynasty were placed in the mausoleum
to consider the significance of Dr. Gul- The bodies, according to Hawaiian cus
until a few years ago, when separate
lick's scientific career. tom, prevailing even to this year, were
tombs were constructed in the mauso
removed by night. A torchlight proces
"There is another aspect of the for- leum grounds for the dead of the Kame
sion accompanied the long train of car
ward-mindedness of John T. Gulick for hameha dynasty and those of the house
riages containing the coffins. It was a
which many who have come to receive of Kalakaua.
most solemn and touching scene, says
the witness of science are not as yet Empty, the picturesque and graceful
the Friend. Utmost quiet pervaded the
fully prepared. The keenest interest of mausoleum has done no service for
streets of the city as the procession
our time is neither missionary nor years and now becomes a chapel.
moved along, escorted by a military
scientific, in the ordinary acceptation of HISTORY IN THE FRIEND
guard, and followed by the royal car
those terms, though it is both when The Friend for November, 1865, tells riage, another carriage in which rode
those terms are more generously under of the removal of the royal dead from His Excellency, Governor Kekuanaoa,
stood. Our's is the day when the so the old royal tomb in the Palace Grounds and several other carriages. The pro
cial issue is supreme. * * * to the new mausoleum. The old tomb in cession passed through the streets about
"Mr. Gulick's active ministry was the Palace Grounds still remains down 9 o'clock. The solemn stillness was
drawing to its close before social em in the Waikiki-makai corner directly in broken by the wailing of one solitary
phasis of our time had made itself front of the Archives building, surround native woman, who followed the pro
manifest in. anything like the degree ed by a hibiscus hedge. cession. It seemed peculiarly fitting that
which is in evidence today. * * * It DEPOSITORY FOR RECORDS this national sign of mourning should
was a natural expectation that the in In 1843 this tomb became the de find utterance as the mortal remains of
terests of his retirement from active pository for the national records, during kings and chiefs were passing to their
duty would remain what they had been the time that the Islands remained final resting place on earth.
April, 1922. THE FRIEND 87

stands up, dips a garment in the river,

A Play Da$ in China then spreads it out on the sidewalk,
and rubs it all over with soap, first one
Going to school in China is an experi a picture of that gentleman (an en side then the other. She then passes
ence which has come to Mrs. Elizah Mac- larged one) on the wall. Across the it to woman No. 2, while she proceeds
Kenzie after many years of close association room was a large picture of Mrs. Tse. on another garment. No. 2 spreads the
with the Chinese people of Honolulu. As I bowed before each and shook hands garment (which No. 1 has passed to
head-worker of Beretania Mission, Mrs. Chinese fashion, "How do you do Tse her) on a board and proceeds to beat it
MacKenzie was the everywhere acknow Sin Shaang." "How do you do Tse with a wooden paddle, she then swirls
ledged friend and adviser of the young peo Sz Nai." They looked glad to see me, it around in the river (no need of a
ple, who were naturally drawn to this cen although their responses were too faint second rinsing), wrings it and hangs it
ter. By happy faculty of sympathy and to be heard. It made me feel very near on a bamboo stick which she has ar
the partial abridgment of the language bar to them, I assure you. Indeed I have ranged beforehand. This in the sight of
rier, she was also the confidant of the older felt very much at home since touching thousands of passersby. No one notices,
generation, thus bringing to the Chinese home Chinese soil. I have received such kind no one cares.
life in numberless instances the sympathetic ly greetings on every hand that I can First call to dinner. By the way, 1
understanding between parents and children not count myself a stranger. forgot to tell you that we were hardly
which is the saving element in an otherwise Miss Lau Tai Koo then took me back seated in the dining room when a waiter
serious first-generation problem. to Canton, her mother and young sister- entered and handed each one a steam
Although not written for publication, the in-law accompanying us. We had din ing hot towel on which we wiped our
following letter is so full of colorful descrip ner at a Chinese restaurant. We hands. He then set before each of us
tions of the country which she, with her climbed three long flights of stairs, but a covered bowl of tea, also a tiny cup
interesting Hawaiian background, is seeing when we entered the room she ordered into which we poured the tea from time
for the first time, that we venture to give it for us, the view made the climb worth to time. Also a dish of melon seeds.
print. while. It was a front room overlooking With these as an accompaniment to the
"The old order changeth, giving place to the Canton Bund, which is long and wonderful scene before us on the bund
the new." wide, running parallel with the Pearl and on the river, time passed very
Even China has her feminine dress prob river for miles. Along the bund count quickly. Beside each place at the table
lems! less rickshas were being drawn by sturdy there was a little silver platter on
Even China views with consternation the Chinese coolies. They all wear the wide which there was a folded wet napkin,
onslaught of the flapper! bamboo hats, nearly all naked to the exactly like our turkish towelling, wash
waist, knee pants, and sandals on feet. cloths. After each course, a hot wet
Fong Ts'uen, South China, Walking or in rickshas it is a rare thing towel was passed around. It was really
March 18, 1922. to see a European ; Chinese men, Chinese very refreshing.
TODAY I have had a play day. I women, Chinese boys and girls, Chinese What did we have for dinner? I
am a little girl again, you know, beggars galore, everywhere Chinese. have the names of the numerous dishes
going to school every morning with Why, of course, this is China, and Can written out to send to Mrs. Tse, but as
books, pencils, etc. This is Saturday, ton is it's throbbing, pulsing, busy heart ! they are all Chinese I'm afraid you
consequently I had a right to my holi The dress of the women is worth would not be much the wiser should I
day. looking at. Just as in America, the give them to you. The dinner was
A Chinese teacher from the True newspapers and public speakers are de served on that lovely rice pattern, china.
Light School had invited me to go to nouncing the last fad in Chinese fashion. There were copper stands on which
"Hoh Naam" to visit her mother, and There is a girl in a bright purple suit. each bowl or course was placed as it
Rev. Tse Kei Yuen's father. This en Even her Chinese silk slippers and silk was brought in. I scorned the insinu
thused me at the start, as I had often stockings are purple. But, alas ! the fu ation that I might need a knife and fork.
heard the Tse family speak of the old (Or pants) are short, up to the knees Not much ! I used the pretty ivory
home and the father, so I started out and her beautiful brocaded silk shaam chop sticks, and there was not one slip
at 9 a. m. ready for a new adventure. (coat) comes only to the waist line. 'twixt them and the lip. It was good
It is always delightful crossing the The fu is much wider than anything exercise for me in more ways than one.
Pearl river. There is always some we have seen heretofore, so the reform Not one of my four table companions
thing new and fascinating to be seen. ers here are writing and fuming over could speak a word of English, so you
There are such sharp contrasts; the old the depravity of the modern Chinese can imagine we had a merry time of it.
bulky antiquated junks, clumsily and dress. Most of the school girls wear When I amused them by a blunder in
slowly moving up or down while whiz the pretty Chinese skirt, which makes "tone" or pronunciation, I would chal
zing past them throwing silver spray the short shaam quite all right. To go lenge them to say the word in English,
goes the modern, up-to-date motorboat. back to my window, for dinner took a which turned the tables on them. But
I found Lau Tai Koo waiting for me. long time preparing, across the bund, all things, good or bad, must end, and
We crossed from Canton to Hoh Naam and close up to the sidewalk are house the dinner is now just a pleasant memory.
in a ferry boat, very different from the lx>ats innumerable. Some of the women On my way home, on reaching "Sha
bright little sampans in which we cross are washing clothes. It is a simple meen," where I take a sampan for "Fong
from Fong Tsuen to Shameen. process with a wash tub the length and Tsuen," I saw a Chinese party walking
When we reached Mr. Tse's home width of the Pearl river. There are along the Shameen Bund. To my sur
and entered, the first thing I saw was two women in one boat. One of them prise I found it was some friends from
88 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

Maui who had been trying to find out the bund. She was going to Canton to sible for us and we want to assure them
how to get to see me. They had just meet Miss Ruth Ho (Ho Fon's daugh that we shall come back after being
returned from Peking. We had a nice ter), who is going to help her in her graduated from college to do the same
visit together. new school. I am glad Ruth is coming to the next generation, as many people
This morning I had a call from a Ho here. I think she will like it better than have done for us.
nolulu Chinsee gentleman who does bus Shanghai. Now don't you think I have "Our parents had the aim in view to
iness in furniture on Xuuanu street. His had a good play day? educate their children with at least a
little boy is going to a boys' school at Some clay I am going to take you college education, so our mother saved
"Fati" (Faa day), quite near here. The with me on a trip through the narrow, up on little things and put the money,
boy was in our Beretania Sunday School crowded stone-paved streets, and we together with what she got from the
before coming to China. He calls on me shall visit the old embroidery shops, the rags and bottles, and put it in the bank,
quite often. Do you wonder that I feel ivory shops, the brass shops, the jade when we were babies. As we grew up
quite at home in China? shops, etc. Would you like to come? little by little we began to save up on
I met Mrs. Nelson this morning on I'd love to have you. little things also.
"Doing little odd jobs such as helping
in the housework we are gradually
making enough money to pay the ex
penses to college. At college we intend
to work outside of school hours and
help ourselves along.
"If it were for mere pleasure that we
intended to go to college we would not
be able to persist and keep on, as we
are doing now, patiently, but our aim is
to be a factor in uplifting the standards
of the nation, not only the nation, but
the whole world and the best thing will
be to start at home.
"There are many, in fact, too many
boys and girls here who are ignorant of
the real principles of America, which is
based on Christianity. I, for one, shall
try to study up, reason out and learn
the real American spirit so that I may
be of real aid to the nation which has
been so kind to me.
"I am far, very far from being per
fect and very far from knowing the
ideals of America, for I am still too
young.
"One thing which has aided me in
my effort to strive upwards and which
The Higuchi family of Hilo. Miss Kazuko is at the extreme left. will certainly aid others, is this question :
"If all the girls were girls like me,
SO KEEX was the interest in the ac brother, who plans to enter the same col What kind of a world would this
count of an address delivered by lege next fall. world be?
little Miss Kazuko Higuchi, of Hilo, be It is a most interesting study, and the "Yours truly,
fore the Press Congress of the World, ietter which accompanied it to Honolulu "Kazuko Higuchi."
and in the subsequent correspondence shows a spirit which America can well "P.S.—I am sending you a photo
between her and Mr. W. D. Greason, honor. The writer, it will be remem graph of our family taken just before
editor of the Miami Republican, of bered, is the little Japanese girl "who my oldest sister left. My older brother
Paola, Kansas, published in the March does not want to be a problem." The is leaving for Oberlin this fall."
Friend, that the managing editor wrote full text of the letter follows :
to Miss Higuchi requesting her photo
graph. The family group, which she
"Hilo, Hawaii, April 2, 1922. Cook With Qas
"Miss Emily V. Warinner,
sent, shows the father, for several years IT'S CLEANEST, COOLEST
a minister in Hilo under the Hawaiian "Honolulu, T. H.
AND BEST
Board and latterly the leader of a self- "Dear Miss Warinner: I saw the
supporting church, the mother, who Friend and also my little address in it.
Our ranges and plates are of
"saved up on little things and put the "My brothers, my sister and I are
money together with what she got from greatly indebted to America, especially the most up-to-date models.
rags and bottles in the bank," the older to the Territory of Hawaii. They are
sister, now in Oberlin, and the older the ones who have made education pos Honolulu Gas Co.
April, 1922. THE FRIEND
Extracts from the Journal of any service as a teacher I would pre
pare and sail with him in about a year.
Amos Star Cooke Did I know it was my duty to do so I W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
(Continued from last month) would go with all my heart."
Oct. 12, '35 Wednesday Oct. 14th. MERCHANT
"Eight years since they had a very "I called on Mr. Holmes and in TAILORS
extensive revival in the Islands. It com quired whether I could be qualified by
menced while Mr. R. was absent, for a next Autumn to go to the Sandwich
fortnight. Mrs. R. arising one morning Islands with Mr. Ruggles, and if so Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
found 5 or 6 at the gate. They stated whether it would be excellent. He gave 62 King Street
that they had not slept during the night it as his opinion that I ought to go.
and enquired what they should do. Mrs. Phone 2525 P. 0.*Box 986
He took my name and is going to
R. conversed with them and sent them spread my case before the A.B.C.F.M.
away. The next morning there were and they are to write me in three or
about 10 and the numbers increased day four weeks." Hawaiian Fertilizer Co.,
after day till hundreds came and the
house was so constantly thronged that LIMITED
they had not time to eat. Mr. R. final Allen & Robinson
ly told them they must not come any LIMITED.
more. So they assembled together in HONOLULU
Lumber and Building Material,
the church and he preached regularly. SAN FRANCISCO
They assembled every Sabbath in num Builders' Hardware,
bers from 2500 to 3000. Saturday nights Paints, Oils, Manufacturers and Dealers in Fertil
they had a prayer meeting and about Etc. izers for Sugar Cane, Rice, Pine
1500 attended. Now no idolatry was 55 Queen Street : Honolulu apples, Coffee, Garden Truck, etc.
practiced and there had been no in
fants slain for about 10 years. Mar
riage was made by law. There was no
polygamy. When they first went there, THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
the natives were lazy and did not raise
enough to eat, and having nothing to CAPITAL AND SURPLUS OVER $2,250,000.
give their children they buried them
alive. Now they supply about 80 COMMERCIAL SAVINGS
whale-ships and 70 other traders with
vegetables, etc. All live comfortably.
When the missionaries first landed the We offer a complete banking
natives would take every thing they
could lay their hands on. service throughout the Territory
"Mr. Ruggles repeated the Lord's
BRANCHES
Prayer in the native tongue, and he
with the young man sang 'Loving LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
Kindness.' While he was talking I COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
made up my mind that if I could be of

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Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
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The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
90 THE FRIEND April, 1922.

STEAMSHIP and
RAILROAD
Information will be furnished upon application. Simply
state, sex, relationship, age, (if minor), destination,
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Cunard Steamship Company
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We can arrange your trip to Alaska, Canada, United
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INSURANCE
We are general Agents for the Hawaiian Islands for the
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Law Union & Rock Insurance Co., Ltd.
The American Insurance Co., of Newark, N. J.
Union Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.
British and Foreign Insurance Co., Ltd.
London Guarantee and Accident Co., Ltd.

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Honolulu and Hilo
New York and San Francisco
 The koa oasis in the Kau Desert, Kilauea Section of the Hawaii National Park.

'HILE the Hawaii National Park will always be chiefly noted for

"W volcanic attractions, consisting of molten lava, sulphur banks, the

deep pit craters, etc., to many the interesting forest growth will hold
a close second place," says C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry.
Mr. Judd cites certain sections of the Park which are of particular interest to
nature lovers. Of one of these he says, "A small but curious spot supports a grove
of Koa trees away out in the sterile desert about two and one-half miles southeast of
the lava lake. How the seven koa trees came to establish themselves there, so many
miles away from any of their fellows, is hard to explain, but the grateful shade of
this koa oasis is a welcome spot to reach when one has spent most of the day on the
hot desert looking for pit craters and other volcanic formations or searching for
solidified raindrops or human footprints made in the fresh ash deposits a century ago.
The more one studies into the forest trees of this region, the more interesting the
subject becomes, for here one may find the trees producing the timber which the early
Hawaiians depended upon for their house posts and beams, for their wooden utensils
such as poi bowls and meat dishes, for their adze handles, fire sticks, surf boards,
canoes and idols. From certain trees they used the bark for their paper cloth, from
the bark of others they made strong twine for their fish nets and even used a poisonous
bark for stupefying fish. Other trees furnished perfume and a sticky substance for
snaring forest birds, whose feathers were used in making the royal capes, and still
others furnished various dyes for coloring their paper cloth. From the tree fern pulu
stuffing for pillows and mattresses in later years was obtained.

HONOLULU MAY, 1922 HAWAII

98 THE FRIEND May, 1922.

J . A B A D I E ' S
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FUNERAL DIRECTOR
Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect
For News-Japan, Japanese 3
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And a Licensed Embalmer for the
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII. MAY. 1922. No.

Shall We HaveWeek-Day Religious Education in Hawaii?

By Rev. Angelo E. Shattuck

WHY inaugurate week-day religious our morals. It is generally admitted dard of equipment required in the pub
education in Hawaii? Will not that the paltry effort of the Sunday lic schools.
any possible scheme of religious instruc Schools crowded into less than one hour
This enterprise would be entirely dis
tion in any manner associated with the weekly is wholly insufficient. To pro
tinct from the public school system.
public schools violate the United States vide five times as much time for music
Classes for study would be conducted off
constitution in its provision for abso or arithmetic as for religion in a child's
lute separation of church and state? Is education is neither sane nor defensible. the school premises, possibly in churches
it possible to conduct such a project near by or wherever suitable equipment
3. To bring under the influence of
without sectarian, bias? Why kindle might be provided. Cooperation with
an adequate religious instruction many
the divisive fires of religious strife and who are at present receiving no training the public school system would be
fanaticism in a community where we whatsoever from any church or re necessary in arranging for the release
are struggling to harmonize the basic ligious sect. of pupils for one hour, two or three
differences of race, creed, ethnic re 4. To establish the teaching of re times each week. Counsel and construc
ligions, cultural standards and economic ligion with such educational standards tive criticism by the supervisors of pub
status? If the churches are failing as may claim the respectful response lic instruction would be welcome at all
with their Sunday Schools, why add of the pupil and elevate the religious times. The granting of time for pupils
to this their certain failure in an enter phase of his education to a level with to take this work would be asked only
prise so dangerous to the peace and the rest. on condition that the standard of re
progress of Hawaii? Such are the ligious education offered be on a par
5. Through the rising generation to
questions that have arisen in certain with the work done in the public
impart to our national life the funda
minds because of very fragmentary and schools.
mental spirit and ideals underlying
misunderstood ideas of the recent pro
Christianity and generally acknowledg The content of the teaching offered
posals of the Honolulu Inter-Church
ed as the foundation of our highest would, in the case of the plan proposed,
Federation concerning week-day relig
national ideals and soundest citizenship. contain much of a Biblical nature. No
ious education.
The strength and stability of such a doctrines or creeds would be taught.
The best answer to these and similar The heart of the teaching would be the
broad educational enterprise will de
questions is a clear understanding of underlying truths and principles univer
pend upon the establishing of a suitable
the aim, the organization, the needs
permanent organization able to claim sally accepted as essential to Christi
and the promise of this new program of
the hearty cooperation of the majority anity. The instruction would include
religious education.
of the constructive forces of the com brief periods of worship and practical
The agitation for week-day religious munity. Experience points most favor projects of Christian service to give
instruction seeks ultimately the estab ably to a community council made up concrete training in moral and religious
lishment of a new system of education largely of representatives from churches living.
parallel to that of the public schools. but including others selected at large.
The far-reaching significance of this is It is well to observe here that this
The organization and supervision of broad program does not include putting
apparent in the following fundamental such a program of week-day religious
aims of the plan. religion in the public schools; forcing
education should rest with an. inter- religious instruction on any child with
1. To give religion its proper place church board of religious education ap out the consent of the parents ; foster
in the entire scheme of the child's un pointed by the community council and ing any sectarian instruction ; or using
folding life and education and to make composed of persons of sound Christian property maintained by public taxes or
sure it shall be an active force express character and a clear knowledge of the time of teachers paid for by the
ed in character now and in later life. modern education. Direct oversight of state.
2. To provide the time and fre this project should be in the hands of a
quency essential for imparting religious salaried expert fitted by special educa The urgent need of such a project
knowledge, for developing moral con tional training for such leadership. The in Hawaii is revealed in the following
victions and religious attitudes, and for teachers should be paid and must facts :
fixing religious habits necessary to im possess the proper personal and Chris 1. Religious knowledge is a part of
part life and enduring spiritual force to tian qualifications plus the same stan every child's rightful heritage.
100 THE FRIEND Mav, 1922.

2. The educational method of an es definite religious education adequate to notable success at Gary, Indiana, for
sential means by which childhood may meet the needs of the age. Religious eight years, and in numerous other
learn the religious way of life. freedom must ever assure the security cities on the mainland for from three
3. Because of the absolute separa of any religious belief under the Ameri to five years. During the past eighteen
tion of church and state, religion can can Flag. This need not prevent our months one hundred and fifty schools
not be taught in the public schools. It holding frankly to the fundamental have been opened in different communi
must therefore be taught in a parallel ideals and spirit of Christianity as the ties. Week-day religious education of
system of schools the responsibility for basis of our ideal American life. the sort described is being carried on in
which must rest with religious agencies. The query may arise, is not the plan over 325 schools. Instead of dividing
4. The inability of the public school just outlined too ideal a proposal for communities this growing movement is
to teach religion and the present failure realization ? The answer is : The most uniting them on a constructive form of
of both the church and the home to significant factor in modern education education that already is proving its
adequately serve this fundamental need is the movement for week-day religious worth in terms of character in the lives
of childhood is in Hawaii as on the education which is establishing itself of growing boys and girls. To every
mainland of the United States develop throughout the United States today. doubting Thomas let it be said—week
ing a childhood with a non-religious This enterprise is not a new and untried day religious education IS and IT
life. experiment. It has been carried on with WORKS.
5. Hawaii is a pioneer outpost of
American ideals and institutions of
democracy. Here as everywhere the
social, political, inter-racial and econo
The Nev? Crusade
mic problems fundamental to the se By Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary
curity and progress of mankind can be Federal Council's Commission on International Justice and Goodwill
solved to the good of all concerned
only as the spirit and ideals of Christ THE ratification of the treaties they now fail to grapple effectively
are understood and become a part of creates a new world situation and with this frightful evil, this terrible
concrete living in the rising genera a new clanger. People may think that menace to mankind; if they do not cul
tion. "the job has been done," that since tivate right international attitudes of
To fail at this point is to fail every peace in the Pacific is now assured for mind and heart, and create the essential
where in our momentous democratic un a term of years we need not worry fur institutions and processes for world
dertaking in Hawaii. Tests made in high ther nor strive. justice, liberty, security, and equal eco
schools and universities throughout the The fact is that the Washington nomic opportunity for all, the work'
mainland present appalling evidence Conference only made a good beginning. again will be overwhelmed in frightful
that our present system of education is Mighty tasks still face us. Misunder tragedy, and the people will again la
turning out a generation of moral and standings, suspicions, animosities, and ment the lack of vision and the incom
spiritual illiterates. Shall we do no hatreds still persist between nations. petence of the leadership of the
better in Hawaii? The statement of Big armies still exist. Though poison churches—because of which they perish
Viscount Shibusawa during his recent gas warfare is forbidden, vast appro As the next immediate steps toward a
visit in Hawaii is particularly pertinent. priations for gas preparedness are still better world, should not America be
He said in substance, "Very few of the being asked. No limit has been placed come a member of the Permanent Court
Hawaiian Japanese will be Buddhists, on the building of submarines and air of International Justice? Should we not
some will undoubtedly become Chris planes. unite in all international commissions
tians, but many I fear will become The ten-year naval holiday is a God- of a humanitarian nature, such as those
atheists. I think, since they are to be given "Day of Grace." The Churches which deal with the traffic in opium,
come American citizens, it would be bet now have opportunity, free from the in liquor, in women and children, and
ter for them to embrace Christianity, excitement and abnormal psychology with the private manufacture and trade
for that is the religion of America; of wartime patriotism, to re-examine in munitions?
but I cannot advise them myself to be with care the whole question of their And should not America unite with
come Christians, since I am not one my responsibility in regard to war, and for all other nations in providing for the
self." the creation of international institu codification and universal acceptance of
Our duty to all the children in Ha tions of justice, liberty and law that international law with a view to the
waii is to offer them a chance to know will ultimately outlaw war. Christian effective outlawing of war? Should we
and appreciate the best which our na leaders and organizations can now not, moreover, help establish world in
tion has to offer. We cannot force them calmly consider their duty for creating stitutions of justice, liberty, security,
to study or accept Christianity ; we shall in the masses of professed Christians an and equal economic opportunity for
fail in the development of true Ameri intelligent comprehension of inter all?
can citizenship, we shall miss the op national life and a vivid sense of per The Commission on International
portunity to serve the world by the sonal responsibility for internationa' Justice and Goodwill of the Federal
solution of the great problems involved policies. Council of the Churches of Christ in
in our inter-racial laboratory if we The Churches of the world can stop America is planning a large and strong
hold back from providing our citizens war if they will, and will go about it and clear-cut program for the ten-
of tomorrow with a chance to secure with intelligence and determination. I' year drive for a warless world. A com
May, 1922. THE FRIEND 101

pact volume is being prepared. The school and conference of Christians sions, and for Christian education, we
Christian Crusade for a Warless World, throughout our land, the practical step may hope to accomplish real results.
which will present the salient facts and to a Warless World should be seriously Prohibition was put into the Constitu
issues and suggest the path of advance. studied. Tens of thousands of young tion only because millions of Christians
But it matters little how vigorously people should be promptly enlisted in
became intelligent and determined to
the Commission may work, we shall not the Christian Crusade to end war. Mis
sion study classes and every kind of end the drink curse.
get very far unless tens of thousands
adult Bible study group should make A Warless World can be established
of American churches, with their score
the "Warless World" a major topic for when the Christians of the world
of thousands of pastors and their mil
study and prayer. really grapple with the task intelli
lions of practical-minded members
When in each denomination the ec gently, and with the enthusiasm and
both men and women, shall unite with clesiastical authorities, pastors and con
passionate enthusiasm in a sane and determination of a new crusade. This
secrated laymen and women and young
practical program for the Christian commission invites the cooperation of
people, grapple as earnestly with the
ideal of a Warless World. Each churcl all churches and Christians in America
program for a Warless World as they
must work. All must work. And all in this pressing task, this great anc'
did with their war time commissions
must work together. glorious crusade, to end forever the
and their support of the government to
In every national ecclesiastical gather win the great war, and as they long greatest menace now threatening man
ing and assembly and in every summe have for evangelism, for foreign mis kind.

iNuuanu Y Gymnasium is Dedicated

THE dedication of the new gymna tional class rooms, swimming tank, and Rev. C. H. Min, and Consul Generals
sium at the Nuuanu Y. M. C. A. other features. K. Yamasaki and S. H. Tan represent
marks another step in advance for the The gymnasium was dedicated Sun ing the Japanese. Chinese and Korean
inter-racial work in Hawaii. The As day, May 7th in the presence of a large communities. The Mills School Glee
sociation has felt the need of such number of Oriental and Haole friends Club and quartette gave several selec
equipment ever since the erection of including consular representatives from tions of music. The dedication address
China and Japan. Following a brief was given by Dr. Albert W. Palmer.
the main building in 1918. Due to the
key ceremony at the front entrance, Dr. Palmer during the course of his
war and the ensuing readjustment the
which was conducted by Rev. W. D. address said, "It is a very significant
actual work of building a gymnasium Westervel.t, chairman of the building thing that this building is inter-racial
as originally planned had to be post committee, the assembly was admitted in character. Our supreme problem in
poned. The new building is but the into the building. The program which Hawaii is the race problem. The future
first unit of an extensive building pro followed consisted of a short statement of Hawaii will be determined by young
gram for the Nuuanu Y. M. C. A.. on the construction, of the new building, men, and the young men who are going
which will include dormitories, educa greetings from Dr. Dai Yen Chang, to control the future of Hawaii are
102 THE FRIEND Mav, 1922.

going to meet in this gymnasium. 1 In the past, only children from the Mrs. Pratt in her experimental work
know of no practical method by which "Excluded Room" have had access to has also demonstrated the possibilities
mutual understanding and inter-racial the kindergarten and school and did not of sewing, and informal English classes
harmony can be promoted than by play include those in the "Stowaway or War with the women in the detention rooms
ing games on the floors of this building. rant" quarters. The government is themselves. An assistant, trained in
When you play a good, clean, hard willing for children from the "Tem kindergarten and hand-work is abso
game, with either a partner or an op porarily Detained" rooms and the "Spe lutely necessary in order to continue
ponent of any other race, racial barriers cial Inquiry" quarters to have the ad the work in any adequate way. The
go down. It is to this ideal of public vantages of the playroom and school. opportunity and responsibility belong to
service, the ideal of human brotherhood It is absolutely impossible for one the "General Committee" to strengthen
and wholesome recreation, we dedicate worker to continue to do the things re and enlarge this most important service
this building." quired in connection with this work. to the children of Ellis Island.
HARVEY E. BECKNELL.
Executive, Nuuanu Department.

School at Ellis Island

The Message of fhe Torek
THE "Kindergarten and School" at By G. M. Wrisley, Conference Director
Ellis Island has more than demon
strated its usefulness and popularity. ON THE SHORES of beautiful Ka- by adult speakers, and discussed by the
Its bright walls, growing plants, teeter- neohe Bay, with the majestic Pali boys. The afternoon was given largely
totter and slides, combined with directed as a background the Fourth Annual to recreation, but at 5 :y> p. m. the boys
play and fascinating instruction, offers Territorial Conference of High School gathered on the grassy slopes overlook
an inducement which is irresistible to Hoys convened recently under the aus ing the bay for the Twilight Meetings.
detained children in contrast with their pices of the Honolulu Young Men's After the evening meal came the Torch
regular detention quarters. Christian Association. Delegations light Meetings, when by the light of the
The present commissioner and his were present from the high schools of flaring Conference Torch the boys lis
staff are giving splendid cooperation in Maui and Kauai, from Hilo High tened to a number of inspiring ad
making possible an enlarged field for School, and from various public and dresses. One evening the regular sched
its usefulness. Commissioner Tod at private schools of high school grade in ule was varied to allow for the annual
his own expense has had linoleum put Honolulu. These one hundred and nine Stunt Night, an interesting program of
on the floor of the kindergarten to picked boys from the upper classes of musical and dramatic numbers presented
make it a more comfortable place for ten schools, together with thirteen care by the boys. On Sunday morning the
the children to play and work instead fully chosen adult leaders, formed the toys attended the Kaneohe Church and
of the cold tile floor. Besides, the personnel of what was the largest and in the afternoon came the annual boat
large size radiators have been installed in many ways the most successful Con trip across the bay to Sand Island, which
in order to provide abundance of heat. ference thus far. The boys elected their has become an enjoyable custom, not in
He has also made possible some addi own Conference officers, who with the compatible with the proper keeping of
tional play equipment. boy-chairmen of the delegations formed Sunday.
The kindergarten has grown from a the Student Council, to handle the af The Conference theme was "The Mes
recreational place for small children to fairs of the Conference. The spirit of sage of the Torch," and the topics for
a real "school" for boys ami girls of the Conference was unusually fine, the
Morning Watch, Bible study and ad
all ages. Besides the regular kinder boys entering heartily into the discus
dresses centered about this symbolism
garten work for the little tots, classes sions and attending every session each
of Christ as the Light that alone can
in English, sewing, handwork are all day.
solve both personal and social problems.
conducted for the children of all ages. The Conference combined the pleas The symbolism reached a fitting climax
It is a very interesting sight to see ures of camp-life with the inspiration of on the last night, when, following a
Mrs. Pratt have four groups of chil Bible study and virile Christian ad stirring address, the toys put on an im
dren all deeply engaged at the same dresses. The daily schedule began at pressive Torch Ceremony. The speak
time. It is a common occurrence to 6:oo a. m. with setting-up exercises and
ers at the Conference included Rev. J.
go into the "playroom and school" and a "dip" in the bay, after which the
L. Hopwood of Mid-Pacific Institute,
see a group of boys on the teeter-totter Morning Watch was observed. Fol
and slide, a group of small children lowing breakfast the camp was made Rev. A. E. Shattuck of Central Union
making paper chains, a group of older ready for "Inspection," when much riv Church, L. G. Fehlman of The Star-
girls sewing, and another group of older alry developed as to which group Bulletin. Frank E. Midkiff and. F. D.
boys having a lesson in English. Re should win the banner for having the Lovvrey of Lewers & Cooke, Ltd., Rev.
member also that this is all done with neatest tent. Bible study in four groups Hugh V. White of the Christian Church.
these handicaps: (1) Children of many came next, followed by an hour of Theodore Richards of the Hawaiian
nationalities. (2) Children speaking dif games that the boys could teach to Board, A. E. Robinson of Punahou
ferent dialects and languages. (3) Chil groups of younger boys in their home Academy, Rev. Augustine Jones of Maui,
dren of varying mental ability. (4) communities. The last event of the James Wakefield of Theodore H. Da-
Children of different educational ex morning was the Discussion Hour, in vies & Co., Ltd., Rev. N. C. Schenck of
periences. (5) Children of all ages. which various problems were presented the Hawaiian Board, and last but not
 May, 1922. THE FRIEND 103

The Hi-Y Conference en masse

least in the eyes of the boys Charles more of these Conferences yearly, to of each school, to show that each dele
Paddock, the well known runner. give to many, many students who need gation had accepted the light of Chris
It is impossible to "declare dividends" them so badly, those wonderful mes tianity, and would take it back to the
on such an undertaking as the Confer sages that we received at this Confer schools and to the different islands in
ence, for often the finest results do not ence." A third boy wrote: "On the last the spirit of the Conference Hymn,
come to light until years later; but the night a farewell ceremony was held near '.' 'Let the Lower Lights be burning,
decisions recorded by some of the boys the assembly tent. From the burning Send a gleam across the wave ;
are no doubt indicative of the results in Conference Torch, which signified the Some poor, fainting, struggling sea
the lives of many other delegates. It true spirit of Christianity, small torches man,
is the desire of the Conference Commit were lighted and carried by the leaders You may rescue, you may save.' "
tee, made up of business men, school of
ficials, Y. M. C. A. men and pastors,
that, working with the Sunday Schools,
■ the Churches and other Christian forces,
the Conference increasingly may help to
University Students' Conference
enlist the older boys of the Territory in By Dwight D. Rugh, Secretary Unrdersirj) Y. M. C. A.
the service of the Master.
THREE days of hearty good fellow aid of a few outside speakers thought
The following quotations from papers
ship, interesting talks and profitable over and discussed the problems of
written by various delegates reflect the
discussions were enjoyed by the students University life, and possible ways of
attitude of the boys toward the Con
ference : "Ten high schools were repre and professors who attended the Second solving them. From the very start the
sented by 109 students. Many nation Annual University Students' Conference Student Cabinet worked out the plans
at Kaneohe last month. The Confer concerning the number of men, time
alities were thrown into contact with
each other, and learned that a man is a ence was essentially a student affair place and program for the conference.
man, regardless of appearances. May planned and carried out by the students
Fortunately they found they would be
the coming Conferences continue to be with the help of the secretary and the
professors, to meet the special needs of able to use the same property that the
as good, if not better ; for here are Territorial Hi-Y Conference members
brought together the future leaders of University men. All phases of Uni
versity life were touched upon and the used, which Mr. Theodore Richards so
Hawaii, those who must carry the light
of democracy and Christianity through keynote of the Conference was the kindly permitted both groups to do.
out the coming generation." Another spirit of Christian service and respon Acting upon the experience of the pre
boy wrote: "All in all, the Conference sibility which every University student vious year's University Conference and
was a great success. To many it has should recognize and accept. the growing problems at the University
done much on the topic of life work. Thirty-nine student members of the the Cabinet decided to make "Campus
To others it has meant continued lead University Young Men's Christian As Problems," from the Christian view
ership among their fellow men. My sociation and three faculty members at point, the theme of the Conference. So
only regret is that there are not held tended the Conference, and with the the program dealt with the various
104 THE FRIEND May, 1922.

phases of Campus life and problems of on the place of religion in the Univer Conference on the mainland they proved
University students. sity ; what sort of religion the men to be stimulating and an exceptionally
John M. Lydgate, Jr., as President needed ; the importance and need of fine way to start the day's activities.
of the University Young Men's Chris the moral and spiritual phase of student Through the kind cooperation and as
tian Association was in charge of con life. Each man felt the burning need sistance of different firms and the will
ducting the program and all the meet of the real practical application of the ingness of the students to pay the
ings of the conference. Lydgate teachings of Christianity and wished to Conference fee which they set at $4
started off the Conference at the first find the right way to put them into the per man, they were able to balance the
meeting by briefly stating the purpose lives of the students on the campus. accounts at the close of the conference.
of the Conference, what it should mean " The last general discussion was The success of the Conference was also
to the men attending and the University upon the Social life of the University made possible through the organization
as a whole. Following his remarks and it brought out several constructive and work of the students at the head of
different students expressed their views criticisms of present activities and re different divisions. Kenneth Craig as
as to the purpose of such a conference sulted in as many useful and practical chairman of the Conference Committee
and what it should mean to the students. suggestions to be tried out next se and captain of the "K.P." squads, pro
That evening Dr. A. W. Palmer gave mester. This group was led by Jen duced such good eats and played up the
an inspiring and instructive talk on the Fui Moo, '23. Although there was not K.P. job so that men were applying for
"Place of Religion in the Life of the sufficient time for any one of the dis the job. John M. Lydgate, Jr., as
University Student." Later in the Con cussions, they were well supplemented president conducted the meetings and
ference Frank E. Midkiff spoke to the by the talks of the speakers and pro ran off the program in good style.
men on "Student Fellowship" and fessors and proved to be very success- Edwin Peterson, Clifford McGrew,
brought out many helpful ideas and fid. It was decided to reserve still Arthur Alexander and T. Kunninobu
illustrations of what the real and last more time for such discussions at the had charge of transportation, recreation,
ing values of Christian Student Fel Third Annual University Conference songs, and grounds respectively and
lowship are. The only other outside next year. helped to make the machinery of the
speaker was T. A. Rymer of the Army conference run smoothly.
Through the different talks and dis
and Navy Y. M. C. A. Religious Com The entire Conference proved to be a
cussions and small informal groups in
mittee, who talked on the "Social Sig great experience in the lives of all of
between times, the men were able to
nificance of Religion in the University." those who attended it, quickening their
bring up everyday student problems
All three talks were full of good sug interest in the moral and spiritual needs
gestions and helpful illustrations which and discuss them in the light of Chris of the University and strengthening their
tian teachings. It was felt that most
fitted so well into the student discussions desires and purpose to put the prin
all of the problems of University life
which followed, and constituted the ma ciples of Christ's teachings into prac
whether, social, religious, academic or
jor part of the Conference program. tice on the campus and in the lives of
Since the Conference was planned for athletic, could be solved if the real the students.
teachings of Jesus Christ were studied
the students and largely by them, the
and applied to them. Away from the
Cabinet thought it best to have the
students themselves lead and discuss the noise and confusion of the city and the
meetings on the various phases of Cam busy Campus life the men were able to Peter Cushman Jones
pus life. In order to do this, four talk things over in a new light and see THE ties that bind the old Hawaii of
the value of Christian leadership wheth the days of the monarchy with
main, discussion periods were planned
i. e., athletic, academic, religious, and er in the University or out in the walks modern Hawaii are being severed one
social. The Athletic discussion was of life. by one as the kamaainas pass away.
led by Wilson Jacobson. next year's Another interesting feature of the Through the death of Peter Cushman
varsity football captain. Out of this conference program was the Bible Jones on April 23, Hawaii has lost one
group meeting came several new sug Study session at which the entire group of her adopted sons who made his mark
gestions for cleaner and better sports assembled together and Professor Ro- and achieved a splendid record in the
and for more recreation among all the manzo Adams so interestingly and clear world of finance, industry, politics, re
students of the University, by promot ly spoke upon the Bible. lie showed the ligion and philanthrophy.
ing inter-class and minor sport competi source and power there is in the Born in Boston, Mass. on December
tion throughout the year. Bible for meeting the social problems 10, 1837. Mr. Jones arrived in Hono
The session on Academic activities in of the day and also for strengthening lulu October 2. 1857. He became as
the University brought the students and each student individually in his own sociated in business with some of the
professors closer together upon the personal problems and purposes in life. leaders of Honolulu, eventually enter
common ground of studies and the need Each day was started off with small ing C. Brewer & Co. as a partner on
for more understanding and coopera groups observing the Morning Watch. January 1, 1871. He served as presi
tion, among students and professors These groups were lead by students and dent almost continuously until Febru
This group was led by Henry Bindt dealt with "Finding One's Place in the ary. 1899 when he retired. In 1892
'23, who kept the men discussing and University," and the "Tests of Student with his son, the late Edwin A. Jones
to the point. Social Life." Answers to these ques he formed a partnership in what has
The next discussion group on the tions being found in the Bible. This since become the Hawaiian Trust Co.,
religious side of the University life part of the program was new to some Ltd. In December 1897 he organized
brought out rapid and frank comments of the men, but as in the Universitv the Bank of Hawaii, among his asso
 May, 1922. THE FRIEND 105
ciates being C. M. Cooke, J. B. Ather- the work of the missionary fathers and Whereas, Mr. Jones was a member
ton and Clarence H. Cooke. mothers. lie contributed $33,000 to of the Hawaiian Board for more than
He was one of the charter members the fund, besides making large annual fifty-one years, serving faithfully as
of the Honolulu Y. M. C. A., giving the gifts to the regular work of the Board member, and from the years 1904 to
first pledge to its building fund. For for its general work throughout the 1914 officiating as president of the
forty years he was treasurer of Oahu islands. He was a member of the Board, and
College and showed a great interest in
Whereas, he was furthermore vitally
that institution. He was the organizer interested in all the departments of the
and first president of the Sons of the Board's work in all these many years
American Revolution, and during the showing his interest not only in faith
days of the political overthrow con ful attendance at committee and Board
tributed his share to the direction of meetings but also by giving of his time,
the Provisional Government, holding
counsel and means to the furtherance of
the office of Minister of Finance and
Christian work in these islands as rep
member of the Executive Council at its resented by the Hawaiian Board and
formation on January 17, 1893. kindred organizations, and
Prominent as Mr. Jones was in busi Whereas, Mr. Jones was the prime
ness life as a financier, he was fully mover in the raising of the fund for
as prominent in church and religious
the Mission Memorial Building to pro
activities. In April 1860 he joined
vide the Board with an adequate head
Fort Street Church and continued with
quarters as a fitting memorial to the
it until its amalgamation with the
work of the missionary fathers and
Bethel Church under the name of Cen mothers, giving a sum amounting to
tral Union Church in 1887. He was
more than one-third of the entire cost
deacon for many years and was always
of the Mission Memorial, its office
a faithful attendant at the regular ser
building and auditorium, and
vices of the church. The Kawaiahao
Mr. Jones as he appeared in later life.
Church Sunday School became one of Whereas, we, the members of the Ha
the objects of his special interests and waiian Board, realizing the deep interest
for many years he taught a class of and constant loyalty which our departed
Hawaiian men and women, resigning Chinese and the Hawaiian committees brother manifested in the progress of
but a few years ago because of failing and manifested much interest in the the Kingdom of God in Hawaii and
health. progress of the work in those depart other parts of the world, are conscious
More than a quarter of a century ago ments, as well as all forms of Chris of the fact that by his death one of our
Mr. and Mrs. Jones erected the Pa- tian activity in the islands. He was leaders has fallen, and
lama Chapel, having seen a vision of a member of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions for Whereas, we have long appreciated
the growing importance and of the his unselfish service, his abiding faith,
great need in that part of Honolulu. many years. Towards the close of his
long and useful life, Mr. Jones gave up his warm friendship and his devoted
From that humble beginning has de leadership,
veloped Palama Settlement. most of his activities, but maintained
his membership in the Hawaiian Board Therefore, be it resolved by the mem
The story of Mr. Jones' life will not to the very end, for it lay close to bers of the Hawaiian Board in session
be complete without emphasizing his his heart. The Board and the Church this day assembled on May 12, 1922,
connection with the Hawaiian Board of meant much to him. He will be re that we record our gratitude to Almighty
Missions. He became a member of the membered for his fidelity to the inter God for the life of Peter Cushman
Board in 1870 and was elected its presi ests of the Kingdom, for his unselfish Jones, that he was permitted to serve
dent in 1904, serving for ten years as service, his warm friendships ami his our Lord Jesus Christ as a faithful
its faithful presiding officer. On Feb devoted stewardship. steward for so many years, using his
ruary 1, 1907, he and Mrs. Jones deeded talents and abilities in the upbuilding of
the valuable lot and stone building on the Kingdom of righteousness, peace
the corner of Alakea and Merchant
Streets diagonally opposite to the new
Resolutions in re trie Death and joy, and
Further, be it resolved that we send
Theo. H. Davies & Co. building, to the of Peter C. Jones this expression of our appreciation of
Hawaiian Board for its headquarters.
It was occupied for this purpose until (Adopted by the Hawaiian Board, the life and services of Mr. Jones to
March 1916, at which time the Mission May 12, 1922) his family, and that we spread on our
Memorial Building was first used. Mr. Whereas, on the twenty-third day of minutes this recognition of the high
Jones was the prime mover in the April, 1922, the long and useful life of regard in which he was held by us
raising of the fund for the new build Peter Cushman Jones came to an end all as a servant and follower of Jesus
ing to provide the Board with adequate and he was called to enter upon his re Christ and a co-worker in the vine
headquarters as a fitting memorial to ward in the Heavenly Home, and yard of our Lord and Master.
106 THE FRIEND May, 1922.

two months before. That was one cir

An Excursion into Sub-Consciousness cumstance that made it so aggravating
—to think my memory should play me
By John F. Cowan, D. D. such a scurvy trick so soon after using
the word !
T WAS on my way to the postoffice to coax back a name similarly needed. I
* mail some mss. when I suddenly re had combined the letters down the al I would look up the carbon copy of
membered that I had left a blank in phabet from a, with others, as indexes that other mss., as soon as I got home,
one of them, in which I was to insert are made up—"ab, ac, ad, ae, af, etc. and had a good laugh at my easy vic
the name of a famous English cocoa 1 might get it this way, I hoped ; tory over my recalcitrant memory.
king that had "slipped my mind" at though, to tell the truth, as I remem There is nothing like the pride in a
time of writing. It was still "slipped." bered the result of that previous search smart discovery to put a man. on good
for the missing name, when it did come terms with himself.
1 consoled myself that I had eighteen
blocks to walk, and in the time that back to me, after weeks, was nothing Well, I had the laugh, all. right.
would take I could surely make an at all like the combination of letters I Good thing I had it before ! I found
effort and drag that name out of my was sure it must be; that is, it began the carbon copy, and the name. Great
sub-conscious memory. I walked the with an entirely different letter. But it Scott!' did my eyes deceive me? It
first six blocks softly whistling "sweet was this scheme, or go to the public wasn't "Cadbury" at all—it was
loved and lost ones come back to me !" library and beg some one there to give ROWNTREE! Great system! Ever
But it didn't come. Then I began to me whatever data they had on cocoa. try it?
realize that I should have to use more So I began the "ab, ac, ad" process a
vigorous measures ; or 1 would simply trifle hopeful. When I got to "bra,"
have to trap my faithless memory into I began to get results. Why, sure, this Invalid Pastor "Carries On"
responding. I wouldn't dare send the method was a cinch on recalling for
AN invalid as a result of tuberculo
mss. without that blank, and I was gotten names ! It was coming ! My
sis of the spine developed during
anxious to get the whole batch off by memory was loosening up! Ah,
the midnight mail. So I resorted to his years of service in Hawaii under the
B-r-a-d Brad—that sounded like it
craft. —now what else. Bradbury—Eureka ; Hawaiian Board, Rev. H. Kotani is yet
I had it. an earnest worker for Christianity in
"Come, see here, Friend Memory,". I
said cajolingly, "you know you are But the first flush of joy suddenly his native country.
just coyly teasing me. You can't keep faded. There was no English cocoa While on a furlough in Japan seven
that name from me. That's absurd !■ manufacturer named Bradbury. There years ago Mr. and Mrs. Kotani lost
Why, it's a perfectly familiar name; was a piano-maker. There might be a two of their children through death.
I'll have it in just a minute. I couldn't prize-fighter for all I knew. I had lost Returning to Hawaii they labored at
help remembering it. You're just a the trail just as I was sure of my game, Waianae for four years, Mr. Kotani
trifle indolent. I'll help you a bit. and here was the postoffice, and I had finally succumbing to disease and return
Now, we'll go over the letters of the to get to the bank before it closed at ing to Japan to die. Here his life has
alphabet from A to Z and when I come eight, and there was no time to go to been mercifully spared, though an added
to the one with which the name begins, the library. sorrow in the loss of a third child has
you'll know—now: A? No. B?—urn— Then I went back to A. Aba, abe, come to him and Mrs. Kotani.
possibly, but, but, the name doesn't abo, abi,—no ; try C, since B had failed
come. C? No. D? No. E? No. F? me so ingloriously. Cab, cac, cad— F"or two years they have been the
No. G? No." then "Central" suddenly disconnected recipients of an annuity from the Con
I didn't get anything like another me from c and stuck my plug into the gregation Board of Ministerial Relief,
"rise" out of memory until I came to b hole. "Bury," I got over the wire. an amount sufficient to meet their mod
"S." Then I felt a little thrill. Yes; Then "Central" switched me back to c est needs.
I must be getting "warm" as we say very unceremoniously. "Cad—bury— Finding joy in the limited service
in hunting the button. But, though I Cadbury, Cadbury"—why, that was the which he is yet able to render, Mr.
hesitated quite a while there, and rat very name ! You are sure to get re Kotani is carrying on Sunday School
tled the contents of my brainpan like sults if you dig deep enough into your work in his own home. The picture on
buttons in a box, I never could get subconscious memory. Memory could the next page shows this class. An en
that same flush of expectation again. not play off of me—not when I knew a thusiastic account of it was brought to
It was no go. So I went on to Z, bit of psychology. I had the method. Honolulu by Rev. T. Hori who visited
without results. But I came back to S I would recommend this to all. my Mr. and Mrs. Kotani while he was in
hopefully several times. I thought of friends troubled with aphasia. Japan last year in attendance upon the
the Stetson hat and the Stillsbury I went into the postoffice and in World's Sunday School Convention. Mr.
cheese, but no cocoa maker whose name serted "Cadbury" in the blank, sealed Hori says that the work has been
began with S. and deposited my mss. and on to the greatly blessed, several decisions to
In desperation—for I was now with bank, intensely self-satisfied. lead the Christian life having been
in six blocks of the postoffice—I re ( )n my way home it suddenly oc made by members of the class. Mr.
called how, once before I had wrestled curred to me that I had used that very and Mrs. Kotani have both had in
for days with my memory to try to name in another mss. not more than fluenza this year but have recovered.
Ma 1922. THE FRIEND 107

that we have, not succeeded in reaching

an agreement as to what our individual
attitude ought to be in the case of war.
Some are convinced that under no cir
cumstances can they as Christians en
gage in war; others, that under certain
circumstances they ought to take their
share in the struggle. We leave with a
deep sense of our common determination
to follow Jesus Christ, and with fresh
confidence in the unity of our purpose
and in the power of Christ to show us
the way, as we earnestly and penitently
seek it in the fellowship of our Federa
tion."
There was a unanimous agreement
that the important thing to the Federa
tion and the Conference was not the
passing of resolutions but the motive
Rev. Mr. Kotani's Sunday School class at his home in Japan
with which the delegates returned to
their homes. All were unanimous -in
their desire to bring about a new world
condition and were agreed that through
Christianity alone could this be done.
Glimpses of the World's Student Christian The genuine Christian fellowship of
the Conference was one of its important
Federation Conference features. The rooms in the dormitory
By Llopd R. Killam, Hawaii's Delegate at Tsing Hua College, where we stayed,
were arranged so that delegates from
AS THE eleventh conference of the toward war. It was interesting to note different countries were together. Each
World's Student Christian Feder that the delegates from India, China and day we drew lots for our places at the
ation adjourned the one thought in the Korea were unalterably opposed to war dining table so that opportunity was
minds of every delegate was that of per while those of the western nations afforded for contact with large numbers
sonal and national humility. During seemed in many cases to think war from other nations. All of us left the
the five days the Conference was in ses unavoidable. It was rather a strange
Conference with the feeling that the
sion, our ship stopped at many a port commentary on Western Christianity
Christian prayer—"That they all may be
and a new realization of the present that the western nations which are now
one, that the world may believe"—was
tragedy throughout the world was in power should be less opposed to war
brought to our minds. In every coun than those from the nations of the truly being answered in this coming to
try—with the possible exception of Orient which are at present under the gether of those who are leading the
America—the delegates were very control of other nations. students of the world.
frank to admit that the past ideals of The Conference itself did not at
their students had been utterly de tempt to be a deliberative body. The 3JJtfE all feel grieved to see yonder
stroyed by the war and at present a General Committee which has on it one -W* flow of lava coming down
great majority of those who are to be or more members from each nation,
leaders of the next generation are spent several days in discussing aims through our forest on its mission of
searching for new light. For example, of the Federation. As a result of the destruction, but there is another flow
the students of Poland have for gener discussion, the General Committee has coming down upon this land which is
ations centered their ideas and ideals issued the following statement : far more destructive—the flow of in
upon political independence. Now that "We, representing Christian students toxicating liquor. We can well spare
they have acquired this they are with from all parts of the world, believe in those trees, but we can not afford to
out spiritual motive. The most tragic the fundamental equality of all the races lose our men and women.
situations among students, of course, and nations of mankind and consider it
were those presented by the delegates as part of our Christian vocation to ex From speech of Joseph Nawahi at the time
from Russia and the Near East. press this reality in all our relation of the lava flow of 1881.
The Conference was composed of ships.
delegates from 32 nations. There were "We consider it our absolute duty to Oh, what about the love of a
200 foreign delegates and 400 Chinese do all in our power to fight the causes mother! In the mountains you do not
from every student center in China. A leading to war, and war itself as a extinguish it. In the sea you do not
£reat deal of discussion took place, both means of settling international disputes. drown it.
in the forums and in special conferences "As a result of our discussion at the
From the Cosmic Poems of John Neruda.
regarding the attitude of the student Peking Conference, we declare frankly a famous Czech poet, who died in 1899.
 THE FRIEND May, 1922.
108

Hlie Dilemma of Dual Citizensnip

By Frank S. Scudder

THE QUESTION' is often raised as pened so often that people who have ports nor make negotiations, and that
to whether our young citizens of acted as go-betweens are unwilling to was all.
Japanese ancestry are not divided in act in that capacity any longer because I told my father that I was going to
their allegiance, being strongly under they have to refund the fee out of their write to you before I allow him to do
the influence of so large a body of Jap own pockets. anything toward making a report for me.
anese in the islands. It is a natural and Many difficulties are incurred also by I do not intend to become a Japanese
proper question to ask if asked in a those who, after the time limit, wish to citizen and lose my American citizenship.
spirit of inquiry after the real facts, prove their Hawaiian birth. Not only Appreciating your help and advice, I
and not in a spirit of prejudice. is the process expensive, but certain in am,
In attempting to answer the question conveniences officially caused to wit Respectfully yours,
it is equally important not to deal in nesses make people unwilling to act in
kindly generalities, but to have actual that capacity. The process seems to be I append my answer to the above let
evidence gathered from widely separated hampered with too many difficulties, and ter, in the hope that it may be helpful to
groups of young people. With this end it seems to the writer that attention others who are in the same perplexity
in. view I recently toured the island of might well be given to this, and some and whom I can not meet face to face.
Kauai, meeting groups of young men endeavor made to lighten the burden of
those who by right of birth and by Dear Friend :
in nine localities from Anahola to Ke-
kaha, with an average of 35, and a total choice and undivided allegiance wish to I received your letter of May 3, and
of approximately 300 young men in, at be American citizens, and are left in the am glad to feel that I can be of any
predicament of either being "people with help and encouragement to young peo
tendance.
In each place we discussed the ques out a country," or reporting to Japan so ple who are in your situation.
tions of birth certificates and dual citi they will not be left in such a plight. I certainly admire your spirit and
zenship. I was impressed not only with In a brief article of this kind one can agree with you that since, by right of
the intense single-mindedness and earn not go into interesting details, but I be birth and by your own choice you are
est desire to have proof of Hawaiian lieve the following letter, which is fairly- an American citizen, you have taken the
birth, but an equally earnest desire to be representative of the spirit and the anx right stand in deciding to make no re
freed from the claim of Japan upon ieties generally manifested by our per ports and to enter into no negotiations
them as in any way obligated to that plexed young Japanese, will illuminate with the Japanese government.
country. their problem. I have the keenest sympathy both with
One young man said, "I never knew Dear Mr. Scudder: the young people and with their parents
I had any relation to Japan until I was Taking advantage of what you said in the difficulties in which they are
asked to apply for release from the duty two Sundays ago, I am writing to get placed by the problem of dual citizen
of military service in that country." A information and your personal advice on ship. I realize that a young man in tak
number of others had quietly ignored the my citizenship question. ing the stand which you have taken
requirements of reporting to the land of My father just told me that he just causes decided inconvenience and embar
their fathers, but were distressed be got a notice from Japan, asking him to rassment to his parents, and that every
cause of the embarrassment it caused to have me make a report to the Japanese noble-minded youth is cut to the heart
their relatives. government to excuse me from military by having to do this. On the other hand
One question sometimes asked by service. This is the third year that the you are absolutely right in your position
anxious citizens is why are there more government sent request to make report that as an American citizen by birth and
Japanese births reported to the Consul and this time they wrote that though I choice you should not recognize in any
than to the Board of Health? That is am late in making a report, they will way the claims of another government
a fair question. Investigation revealed excuse me for this delay if I make an upon you.
some interesting facts. One is that many immediate report. You also have this fact to sustain you
people have supposed that on reporting My father argues that I should make in the justice of your decision, namely,
to the Consulate, the Consulate attended the report on the ground that it will be that there are many other young men in
to reporting for them to the Board of easier for me to declare my desire of the same difficult situation as yourself.
of Health. Another is that those at cancelling my Japanese citizenship later If one, out of the praiseworthy desire to
tempting to comply with the rules run on when the Japanese government change honor his parents and spare their feel
up against numerous difficulties. A po their national law by giving Hawaiian ings, should acknowledge in any way the
liceman taking the names, misspells the born Japanese an opportunity to decide claim of the Japanese government upon
names both of parents and child. People whatever he choose to be. However, he him. he makes it just that much harder
who have made their report often fail to is not sure that the Japanese government for all other young men to be uncom
receive any certifiicate though they have will make this change. promising in their decision, whereas, by
paid the fee for it. Somewhere, between When the first notice came I wrote to being firm yourself you make it easier
the report and its proper destination Japan that I was not a Japanese citizen for every other Hawaiian-born Japanese
there has teen a slip. This has hap- and that I did not intend to make re to stand up firmly for his principles.
May, 1922. THE FRIEND 109

Of course you recognize another hard the affection you ought to have for the The family will visit with Mr.
ship involved in your decision—if your land of your ancestors. Schenck's parents at Matawan, New
birth was recorded in the Japanese Con With best wishes to you, Jersey, and mail addressed to R. D.
sulate, Japan, by that fact, claims you as Sincerely yours, No. 2, that town and state will reach
her subject, and if you should go to Frank S. Scuddf.r. them. The assignment of Mr. Schenck's
Japan she is liable to seize you for mili work during his absence is as follows :
tary service. Young men have said to Chinese Department, Mr. H. P. Judd
me, "We object to this, not because we ( >n a well earned vacation of several in cooperation with Mr. Y. T. Char.
have any desire to go to Japan, but be months, Rev. Norman C. Schenck, head Church Power Drive, Mr. Theodore
cause we resent any outside government of the Chinese department of the Ha Richards.
having the power to limit our rights as waiian Board, departed with his family Schools, Settlements and Extension
American citizens or having any claim for New Jersey, on May 6th. Work, Mr. ). P. Erdman.
upon us wherever we may be." I like
these clear-cut statements which show-
how our young people are thinking
through their problem. Historic Washington Place
These complications arising out of
"dual citizenship" are most trying, but
there is only one way in which they can
be remedied, that is through diplomatic
negotiations between the American and
Japanese governments. It is perfectly
useless for any one person or organiza ■^^i 1* v7Tfil ^FrlraTv]
tion to attempt to accomplish anything
by protest or appeal, or by such a meth
od as your father suggests, namely, ac
commodating yourself to the dual rela
tionship in hope of facilitating negotia
tions later on.
There are certain steps, however,
"iBBI
which we can take looking toward the
remedy. You are aware that many dis Bkr*J iF'X&Jfl cJM mA- JL \Jm C"*«Bai» ~ Mar mrZ
tinguished statesmen, educators and edi
tors from Japan, passing through Ha
waii, have advised Hawaiian born Jap
anese to be whole-hearted Americans.
Bum Btv BriH^Mjtfj
These people may be counted on to use
their influence with the Japanese govern
ment to relieve your embarrassment. — ------- — >*»^v£;'
You also recall how often our own
prominent citizens have addressed you A view of old Washington Place from the Waikiki side.
as American citizens and insisted upon
undivided loyalty, 100% Americanism. FORMALLY opened as the official representatives, officials of the army
All these, together with yourselves, residence of Hawaii's Governor on and navy and the cosmopolitan group
should bring our united influence to bear the evening of April 21st, Washington which was resident here, a brillianti
Place has come into a new significance assemblage marked the official opening
upon the State Department of our Gov
congruous with its historic past. of the Governor's home.
ernment to negotiate with the Japanese
The regard of Governor and Mrs. While completely renovated, all of
government for modification of her reg
Wallace R. Farrington for Hawaii's the essential features of historic Wash
ulations in favor of our young citizens. splendid traditions, was beautifully ex ington Place have been preserved in the
of Japanese ancestry. With a long pull, pressed both in the announcement to building as it stands today. The
a strong pull and a pull all together we the public that the occasion was to be charm of its setting is unchanged and
should be able to accomplish something. essentially "Hawaiian Night," and in its atmosphere as delightful to the
In the meantime let us all resolve to the choice of a legendary play as the kamaaina resident whose associations
keep sweet-spirited about it. It was un chief feature of entertainment. In of the home are closely linked with the
fortunate that in early American history charge of the play was Mrs. A. P. personality of the lamented Queen
long-continued ill-feeling existed be Taylor, and participating in it with Liliuokalani, as to the malihini who
tween Americans of English ancestry the zest of Hawaiians expressing their senses in it the unusual and the ro
and their Mother Country. No such racial aloha, was a group of people mantic.
strain ever occurred between your Moth well known in the community life. The following history of Washington.
er Country and yourselves, and it is to be As in the days of old when members Place was compiled from official records
hoped that nothing ever will arise to mar of the royalty mingled with foreign and other sources by Robt. C. Lydecker,
 110 THE FRIEND May, 1922.

librarian of Public Archives, Territory "Legation, U. S. A. "A TenEyck Esquire

of Hawaii. In the form of an attrac Washington Place U. S. Commissioner
tive souvenir booklet, this history was 22d Feby. 1848." Washington Place
presented to those in attendance at the "My dear Sir: &c. &c. &c."
reception given by Governor and Mrs. "I have much pleasure in making the No. 4.
Farrington : following semi official announcement to "Foreign Office 2d March 1848."
( ( ty; ASJ 1 INGT( )N PLACE owes its you. "Sir:
W origin to Capt. John Dominis, "In honor of the day which gave "Referring to my No. 3, of the 22d
who, after having made a number of birth to him, who was 'first in war. inst. I enclose the Premier's order in
voyages to the Islands, arrived at Hono first in peace, & first in the hearts of regard to Washington Place, that Mrs.
lulu from New York, in command of the his countrymen,' the great, the good, the Dominis may record it, along with her
bark Jones, April 23, 1837, accompanied illustrious Washington — the United Title Deeds, that it may be held in
by his wife and son, John Owen Dominis, States Commissioner, with the assent of regard in all future transfers.
to take up his permanent residence in its much esteemed & hospitable pro "I have the honor to renew the as
Hawaii. prietress, has this day christened the surance of the high consideration with
"In 1842, a lawsuit of long standing beautiful, substantial & universally ad which I am
between Captain Dominis and the Brit mired mansion of Mrs. Dominis, Wash "Sir,
ish Consul, Richard Charlton, was ter ington Place. Your most obedient humble Servant
minated, in the final settlement of "Thus let it be hereafter designated (signed) R. C. Wyllie"
which the Captain came into possession in Hawaiian Annals, & long may it
of the land on which the building now "A TenEyck Esquire
remain in this distant isle of the Pa U. S. Commissioner
stands, and shortly after, in that same cific, a memento of the eminent virtues
year, the foundation, which is of coral, &c. &c. &c.
of the 'Father of his Country' and of Washington Place"
was laid, but the building itself was not the enterprise & and distinguished excel
completed until 1846, being delayed lencies of its much lamented projector." Enclosure.
from time to time by lack of funds "BY AUTHORITY
necessary to carry on the work. During "I remain, my dear Sir,
this period Captain Dominis made sev Official Notice
Yours truly,
eral voyages, the profits of which were It has pleased His Majesty the King
invested in the house to pay back debts (signed) A. TenEyck." to approve of the name of Washington
and to resume building operations. "His Ex. R. C. Wyllie, Place given this day by the Commis
"There were no regular architects in sioner of the United States, to the House
Minister, F. R., &c. &c. &c."
Honolulu in those days, but there were and Premises of Mrs. Dominis and to
a few good mechanics. One of these, command that they retain that name in
"No. 3. all time coming.
Isaac Adams, was selected by the Cap
tain to draw the plans and superintend "Foreign Office, 22d February 1848."
(signed) KEONI ANA
the construction of the house, according "Sir:
Home Office, Feb. 22, 1848."
to the ideas of Mrs. Dominis. "I have the honor to acknowledge the
"Shortly after moving into their new receipt of your note of this date in John Owen Dominis, the only son of
home, Captain Dominis sailed for China, forming me that you liave christened Captain and Mrs. Dominis and the Hon.
leaving Honolulu August 5, 1846, in the elegant mansion of Mrs. Dominis by Lydia K. P. Kapaakea were married
the brig William Neilson., as a pas
the name of Washington Place and ex September 16, 1862 and at once took
senger, on a general trading voyage,
pressing a wish that it may be permit up their residence with Mrs. Dominis
but more especially to purchase hand
ted to retain that name in commemora at Washington Place. Mrs. Dominis
some Chinese-made furniture for his
tion of the Great & Good Founder of died April 25, 1889 and the property
new home. descended to her son, and on his death.
American Independence.
"The William Neilson was lost at August 27, 1891, his widow, then Queen
sea ; what catastrophe happened to the "Your wish having been made known Liliuokalani, came into possession of
vessel is problematical. It was never to the King, it has pleased His Maj •Washington Place, which she occupied
heard from after leaving port. esty to order accordingly, and I venture as her residence after the abrogation of
While the widow of Captain Dominis to say that every one near His Majesty the monarchy, January 17, 1893, and
was mourning the loss of her husband, cordially concurs in His desire to do until her death, November 11, 1917.
she preferred for a time to live away every possible honor to the memory of The Hawaiian Islands became an in
from the home they had planned together one of the Greatest & Best of Men that tegral part of the United States, June
and accordingly rented it to United ever ennobled the race of mankind. 14. 1900 as a full fledged Territory
States Commissioner Anthony TenEyck with all the rights and privileges ap
"With the highest respect and consid
for use as the U. S. Legation and it is pertaining to the same and its Chief
eration, I have the honor to be,
to him Washington Place owes its Executive, an appointee of the Presi
name, as is shown by the following ex "Sir
dent. Under the Monarchy, the Palace
tracts from the official correspondence Your most obedient humble Servant
was the official residence of the Sov
now in the Public Archives. (signed) R. C. Wyllie." ereign but the Republic of Hawaii pro
May, 1922. THE FRIEND 111

vided no official residence for its Chief "Whereas Prince Jonah Kuhio Ka- the Christian religion and its institu
Executive, nor did the Territory until lanianaole has indicated his earnest de tions. It is not with scientific spirit
the Legislature of 1919 passed an act sire that Washington Place shall be but with a fault-finding attitude that
entitled "An Act to Provide for the acquired by the Territory of Hawaii as they go into this important study.
Acquisition of an Executive Mansion an Executive Mansion for its Governor Their scepticism is increased after ac
for the Governor of Hawaii," which. thus preserving to posterity the said quiring some knowledge of science and
in its preamble, states, in part, as fol Washington Place as a memorial to the reading some books on philosophy an>
lows : late Queen Liliuokalani * * * now socialism. Their minds are biased and
"Whereas, those certain premises in therefore their observation and investigation be
the City c^f Honolulu known as Wash Be it Enacted" &c &c &c. come more or less superficial.
ington Place have for almost three- With the approval of this act, April They now come to attack Christianity
quarters of a century been associated 30, 1919, Washington Place became the because they have misunderstood it.
and identified with the government of official residence of the Governor of Many of us do not know how to study
Hawaii ; and Hawaii and is now so occupied. the Bible, so do they not. Many of us
misunderstand and misinterpret the
meanings of some passages. So do
they. They say the Bible is a book of
The Anti-Christian Movement in China myth with some ethical teachings which
By Shao Chang Lee can be found in any other religious
books. They believe it is dangerous to
ON March the ninth of this year, A graduate of Yale ' I 7, and secre make people believe in the things re
there appeared in Peking a new tary of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. corded in the Bible. When they see
organization, formed by some "return of San Francisco until January of this that Christianity is divided into so
ing students," University intellectuals, year when he came to assume the act many sects with so many doctrinal dif
and some worshippers of Science, and ferences, they jump to the conclusion
ing pastorship of the Second Chinese
named by them as "The Non-Christian that Christianity is not the religion
Church, of Honolulu, Mr. Lee sees
Students' Federation." The first thing which can save the world as its ad
the organizers did was to send a pro a grave menace to China in the growth
herents claim.
test against the holding of the eleventh of what he styles the "Anti-Christian
Then seeing that the so-called "Chris
convention of the World's Christian Movement." His comments are those tian nations" often fight with each
Students' Federation in Tsing Hua Col of one who, a long distance from the other for world supremacy and that
lege at Peking. They sent special mes land of his birth, views developments Christianity was unable to prevent the
sages to many parts of China urging there with unusual clarity of vision. Great War, they tell others that the
the students to take the same action. Christian religion is a worn-out religion
To the missionaries this is an anti- Circulars criticizing the ofd religions and a great failure. Since it is a failure
and Christianity especially have been they decide not to have it in China.
Christian movement. But according to
widely distributed. Let us study some The motives of the Christian workers
the supporters of this new organization
of the underlying reasons for this anti- are not very well understood. These
it is not. They say they know well religious movement. intellectuals have witnessed the many
that they have no right to interfere
Three years ago the intellectual wonderful things which Christianity
with the enjoyment of the religious
classes in China, led by a number of has done and is still doing even more
liberty accorded to the people of China
thinkers and University professors, who efficiently for China and for her peo
by Article Six of the Provisional Re ple. They have watched the rapid
publican Constitution and that they have made a very critical study of the
time-honored traditions and the social growth of the Christian institutions
cannot lay any disability on Christians. such as the schools for boys and girls
The reason why they protest against order, and have found fault with them,
the colleges and universities for men
the holding of the convention of the started the "New Culture Movement."
and women, hospitals for the sick, or-
Christian Federation at Peking is be It manifested itself in two ways: one
phanges for the poor children, etc. But
cause it aims at making Christianity is a sceptical, attitude toward all things
they ask themselves, "Why do the for
the religion and claims too much. traditional, either ideas or institutions ;
eigners spend so much of their money
They believe that "Chi-tu Chiao" or the the other is "the literary revolution"
for the establishment of these institu
Christ's teaching, like the teachings of which aims at making the mandarin
tions?" The misinterpretation and mis
the founders of other religions, must be dialect the medium for expressing liv
understanding that they receive, and
studied critically and must not be propa ing ideas and things. Much construc
have, and tell others are : these splendid
gated to hinder the mental development tive work has been done and much good
institutions, such as the Peking Union
of the people. They say that if the has been accomplished by this move
Medical College founded by the Rocke
Christian religion is a perfect one, people ment, especially the awakening of na
feller Foundation, the Peking Chris
will come to believe in it without being tional consciousness and the populariza
tian University, the Canton Christian
persuaded to. It is their belief that the tion of the national language and the
College, etc., are established not pri
people today do not need the old worn- new Chinese phonetic alphabets.
marily for the spread of the Christian
out religions. Old religions can be re Some of the students and intellectuals doctrine, but for the training of com
placed by what they call "Aesthetic who have caught the spirit of this mercial agents for foreign business
Culture." movement are taking up the study of firms ; that they are not for the promo
112 THE FRIEND May, 1922.

The Government of me Territory of Hawaii

By Henry P. Judd

Early Constitutions tion, and abolished all the oppressive and has formed Hie basis of those that
BEFORK inquiring ratljer minutely local and arbitrary taxes. They also have succeeded it.
abolished all arbitrary forced labor, and The nobles were to be chosen by the
into the actual form and functions
of the present government of the ter TT was Emerson who said, "Politics king for life, their number being limited
ritory, it will be well to examine the •* is a deleterious profession, like to thirty. The number of representa
early constitutions that existed here some poisonous handicrafts." But it tives was not to be less than twenty-
before the days of American possession. four, who were to be elected by uni
was the same Emerson who said, versal suffrage. These two houses sat
In the concise words of Dr. W. D.
"Governments have their origin in the in separate chambers. The supreme
Alexander, one of the best historians'
of Hawaii : "During the year 1839 the moral identity of men." power of the Kingdom in its exercise
first draft of the constitution was The following paper by Henry P. was divided into the executive, legis
drawn up in. the Hawaiian language at Judd was read at a recent meeting of lative and judicial ; they were to be
Lahaina by the Council * * * A the Public Questions Club. As son preserved distinctly, the last two powers
Declaration of Rights was signed by of the late Chief Justice Judd, the could not be united in any one indi
the king and promulgated June 7, 1839, writer has had unusual opportunities vidual or body.
which may be considered as the Magna to study the development of the Ha "This liberal constitution, together
Charta of Hawaiian freedom. The first waiian government. As a lad of with his gift to the people of lands
constitution was proclaimed October 8, twelve, he witnessed the proroguing of in fee simple, forms the glory of the
1840. It perpetuated the offices of the Legislature, January 14th, 1893. reign of Kamehameha III," to quote
kuhina nui and of the four governors and two years later assisted the Citi Alexander.
instituted by Kamehameha 1 and defined The third constitution was promul
zen's Guard in the Rebellion of Janu
their powers and duties. It constituted gated August 20, 1864, by King Ka
ary, 1895. His paper is a valuable
a legislative body, consisting of fifteen mehameha V, upon his own authority
historical record, worthy of twentieth
hereditary nobles and seven representa and continued in force for twenty-three
tives, who sat together in one chamber century reading and of permanent years. The useless office of kuhina nui
and met annually. The representatives record. or vice-king was abolished. The right
were elected by the people in a rather most of the oppressive tabus that for of suffrage was made to depend on a
informal, manner. The legislative body merly rested on fishing." small property qualification and also,
was to appoint four judges who, to The legislature of 1850 provided for for those born since 1840, on ability
gether with the king, and premier, the appointment of three commissioner: to read and write. The nobles and
should form the Supreme Court of final to draft a new constitution. This new representatives were henceforth to sit
appeal. The old laws were revised constitution which was finally adopted and vote together in one chamber.
and new ones added and the collection June 14, 1852, by both houses and The years between the accession of
published in 1842. They established a signed by the king, Kamehameha III, Kalakaua in 1874 and the constitution
uniform system of government, taxa- was a great advance upon that of 1840 (Continued on next page)

tion of the Kingdom of God—for ac terests of some "merchants" are in Christians and even missionaries an op
cording to them there is no such king volved. The livelihood of those whose portunity to examine their own lives
dom, but in the interest of the kingdom business is to make things required to discover their weaknesses as well as
of oil kings, steel kings, financiers, and for idol and ancestor worshippers and to find out the great abilities they have
capitalists. Christian missionaries are of those who take great delight in for God's service. One thousand of
the forerunners of great commercial en playing with sin, is impaired. The them (five hundred missionaries and
terprises and the native Christians are "face" of some unscrupulous persons five hundred Chinese) from all parts of
but their hirelings. Since Christianity has been slapped and they are in China are now convening (May 2-11) at
is utilized for the exploitation of China, danger of "losing their face." It must Shanghai to discuss problems of the co
they do not want to have it propagated. be "saved." They surely welcome any operation of the Church, the leadership
Christianity has been very militant in thing like the anti-Christian movement of the Church, the message of the
China in recent years. Christians have and are ready to join it to protect Church, and the future task of the
been actively engaged in bringing about their interests and livelihood. Church. Great faith, genuine Christian
social and civic reforms. They are ag Followers of Christ ought to rejoice fellowship, deep study, and hard work
gressive. They have inaugurated sev because some of the underlying reasons on the part of the Christian workers
eral "anti" movements such as the anti- for the attack of Christianity have been will win the non-Christian intellectuals
gambling movement, the anti-girl-slavery found. They must know better now for Christ. No doubt there must be
movement, the "Clean Up" movement, how to present to their non-Christian some Saul of Tarsus among those who
the prohibition movement, and the anti- friends the Gospel of Jesus. This anti- are opposed to Christianity. Happy is
cigarette-smoking movement. The in Christian movement affords all Chinese the one who will find him.
May, 1922. THE FRIEND 113

of 1887 have been thus characterized The Proclamation of the Committee ritory three years and voters one year ;
by Hon. W. F. Frear: "A period of of Safety, January 17, 1893, signed by and abolished the cumulative system of
steadily increasing extravagance, cor Henry E. Cooper, Chairman and twelve voting, but left the representative dis
ruption, personal interference by the other members of the Committee, con tricts as they were, so that with the
sovereign in politics, procurement of tained the statement that the new con double number of representatives, four
the election of appointed executive and stitution "proposed among other things or six are elected from each district. It
judicial office-holders as representa to disfranchise over one-fourth of the also required members of both houses
tives, fomentation of race feeling and voters and the owners of nine-tenths of as well as voters to have resided in
general endeavor to restore the ancient the private property of the Kingdom, the district for three months immediatel;
order of things with its heathen customs to abolish the Upper House of the preceding the time at which they of
and ideas of absolutism and divine right Legislature and to substitute in place fered to register, thus ending the prac
until, in 1887, the king was forced by thereof an appointive one to be ap tice which had previously prevailed by
peaceful revolution to proclaim an pointed by the Sovereign." which, as in England, any district could
amended constitution." The transition from the Provisional and often did elect a representative of
The fourth constitution was granted Government to the Republic of Hawaii capacity from some other part of the
by King Kalakaua, the last king of was a natural and easy step. The lead country.
ers of the "P.G." as the government (To be continued next month)
Hawaii's monarchy, on July 6, 1887.
The preamble is interesting: "Whereas was familiarly called, became the lead
ers of the Republic of Hawaii. San-
the Constitution of this Kingdom here
ford B. Dole continued as President of
Extracts from trie Journal of
tofore in force contains many provisions
subversive of civil rights and incompat the new government. Amos Starr Cooke
ible with enlightened constitutional gov The constitution of the Republic took Tuesday Jan. 12th. 36
ernment : and Whereas, is has become effect July 4, 1894. It made the presi "I have today received a letter from
imperative in order to restore order dent responsible and gave him power to Rev. William J. Armstrong in which I
and tranquillity and the confidence vote specific items in appropriation, bills, have the decision of the Prudential
necessary to a further maintenance of deprived the cabinet of seats in the Committee in respect to my offer to go
the present government that a new legislature, reduced the membership of as a missionary teacher to the Sand
Constitution should be at once promul each house to fifteen, requiring mem wich Islands. They have accepted my
gated : now Therefore, I, Kalakaua. bers to be citizens and to have resided frail offering and wish me to make ar
King of the Hawaiian Islands," etc. in the country three years, changed the rangements for my departure next
name of the upper house to "senate," Summer or early Autumn."
The powers of the sovereign were increased the size of the representative Wed. Feb. 11th.
curtailed. The ministers were to be districts so as to apportion two or "Received a letter today from Mr.
responsible to the legislature instead of three representatives to each district Bardvvell Gen'l Agent of the A. B. C.
to the king by making them removable for the purpose of the cumulative sys F. M. I am recommended to get a
by a vote of want of confidence. The tem of voting, which was provided for. companion and one capable of teaching.
king's absolute vote was changed to a The Organic Act. Lord direct me in this, and may she be
qualified veto. The appointment of the one of Thy choosing. I have been
nobles for life was taken from him Hawaii was annexed to the United
reading the missionary Herald. 21
States by the treaty approved by the
and their number increased while the teachers are wanted for the Sandwich
Hawaiian Senate September 9, 1897,
number of representatives was reduced. Islands and only one as yet is obtained
the joint resolution of congress of July
In the words of Judge Frear, "not and that one is probably myself."
7. 1898, and the transfer of sovereignty
withstanding the provisions of the con on August 12, 1898. The organic act July 8th. 36
stitution of 1887 and the fair promises was passed by congress April 30, 1900 "While in N. Y. called on Mrs. Anna,
of the king, the next few years wit and the territorial government was mother of Mrs. Uimond now upon the
nessed a constant struggle on his part established on June 14, 1900. In brief, Sandwich Islands. I had the perusal
and after his death in January 1891, on this act abolished the cabinet as a body of two letters from her. They were
the part of the Queen. Liliuokalani, to and substituted heads of departments, highly interesting to me, and I also
regain their lost powers and extend the but left their appointment and removal learned something from them.
royal prerogatives, until the queen, on in the governor with the consent of "Bro. Knapp has just come in. He
January 14, 1893, at the close of the the senate : took from the supreme goes out to the Islands with me."
longest session ever held, during which court jurisdiction of election cases and Aug. 11th.
many cabinets were appointed and voted made each house judge in respect of "Tried to get a certificate of my
out, attempted a coup d' etat by which its own members as had been the case citizenship, in order to get a passport
she sought to accomplish her object by before the constitution of the republic ; from the Secty. of State. Did not suc
the promulgation of a new constitution reduced the terms of senators from 6 ceed for none knew how to draw one.
giving her more absolute power than to 4 years ; doubled the number of rep North Hadley. Sept. 17th, 1836 (Upper
that of 1864 had conferred on the resentatives ; abolished all property, in Mills).
sovereign, but which resulted in her come and tax-payment qualifications of This morning I arose at 5 o'clock and
overthrow and the establishment of the senators, representatives and voters, but started to meet the stage at the Mare-
provisional government on January 17, required all to be citizens, and the house Point, three miles distance.
by a second peaceful revolution." legislators to have resided in the Ter Waited about 45 minutes for the stage.
 THE FRIEND May, 1922.
114

during which time I bought some crack sionaries and three physicians appointed
ers which was all the breakfast I had. to the Sandwich Islands who were W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
Arrived at Hadley three miles from this waiting on account of the lack of funds.
place soon after noon. Sent my trunk (To be continued next month.)
by a wagon and came afoot myself to MERCHANT
Mr. Brown's, where I was cordially re TAILORS
ceived. Mr. B. was out, when he came
in I presented my letter from Mr.
Cook With Gas
Ruggles. They then told me Miss IT'S CLEANEST, COOLEST Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
Montague had gone to her uncle's in AND BEST 62 King Street
Sunderland to spend the Sabbath. So Our ranges and plates are of Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
I must wait until Monday before I
the most up-to-date models.
could see her.
Sabbath, Sept. 18th, 1836.
At 10 o'clock the bell rang for church.
Honolulu Gas Co. Hawaiian Fertilizer Co.,
Mr. Brown had gone off seven miles LIMITED
to exchange pulpits with Messrs. Rey
nolds and Bidding, who both preached
Allen & Robinson
LIMITED.
here. I had a meeting with the young HONOLULU
men in the evening. Subject: "Run Lumber and Building Material,
speak to this young man." SAN FRANCISCO
Builders' Hardware,
Sprinfield, Mass., Tuesday, Sept. 20th. Paints, Oils, Manufacturers and Dealers in Fertil
Sunday visited sick persons with Mr. Etc. izers for Sugar Cane, Rice, Pine
Brown. 55 Queen Street Honolulu apples, Coffee, Garden Truck, etc.
Monday morning soon after prayers
the object of my visit there was made
known to Miss Montague, and we were
together about two hours. We arranged
to correspond upon the all important
subject. She is willing to go to the Our branch banks are as safe and as much a
heathen and it may be she is the one part of our bank as is our big office
God has designed for me. in Honolulu.
This morning I said but a few words
to her. She appears solemn and will A dollar opens a Savings Account.
probably be much agitated until she
hears from me. I have been very well
pleased with her. She appears very
THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD. \y
very modest, which is "a quality that
highly adorns a woman." After break
Is
BRANCHES
fast had a conversation with Mr. Brown.
LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
Mentioned the circular from the A. B.
COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
C. F. M. in which it was stated that
there were thirteen teachers, six mis-

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful In the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger' Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND

Hrie Memorial Parisk House of Likue

Beautiful of design and rich in character-building possibilities

HONOLULU JUNE, 1922 HAWAII

 THE FRIEND June, 1922.
122

J . ABADIE'S
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Henry H.Williams &c=X: 3=Ij3

FUNERAL DIRECTOR
For News-Japan, Japanese 9
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Embalming School of San Francisco, and Oriental, Read -ftp
Cal., also of the Renouard Training
School for Embalmers of New York.
And a Licensed Embalmer for the
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JUNK, 1922 No. 6.

there is not much prospect of Ameri

H awan s Real Status canizing, by a shorter and less effective
process, the thousands who come each
To surrender, by whatever method Orient are without a voice in shaping
decided upon, the existing territorial the political and economic policies of year to the shores of the United States
status of Hawaii, and to set up in its Hawaii. Soon, if not already, the na with preconceived notions of economic
stead a form of commission govern tive Hawaiians, American sons and and political affairs.
ment, as is said to be proposed in daughters of Japanese and Chinese And what does the threat of such
Washington, would be to admit the aliens, will vote, along with the native action imply? The youth of Hawaii
failure of the acclaimed system of Hawaiians and the Americans resident have been taught that they are to be
Americanism, under conditions acknowl on the islands. It should not be admit come voters, with a voice in directing
edged to be ideal for its establishment. ted that these children of the Orient, their own governmental policies. They
It may be true that as yet no satis reared under the American flag and have been trained to take up this im
factory or conclusive proof has been taught in American schools, are not portant work. Surely it would not be
offered that there has been that prog Americans. If with the opportunities fair to them, or to other American citi
ress in inculcating and teaching Wes given it has been impossible to incul zens of the islands, to deprive them of
tern ideals in an island where those of cate indelibly the lessons of democracy, their rights. Hawaii has faith in itself,
( )riental origin, predominate which had faith to believe that the problems un
been hoped for. Perhaps the convinc WHEN, in order to carry thru a avoidable in a Territory where there is
ing test has yet to be applied. Scarcely labor emergency bill, Hawaii is a predominating alien population, will
a generation has passed since the volun dragged into the net of racial prejudice, be met as they arise. The people of the
tary annexation of the Hawaiian Islands The Friend is bound to protest. mainland should be as hopeful and as
was concluded by formal and voluntary courageous. —C. S. Monitor.
That the race issue should have been
treaty. Since that time the influx of injected into the movement is the most
< )riental peoples has been constant, un short-sighted policy that could well be
til at the present time it is said the imagined.
Scrapping to End Scraps
Japanese outnumber the white Ameri People who believed they were asking IT is cheering news to learn that the
cans almost four to one. for relief from labor shortage are now decisions of the Washington confer
Superficially regarded, this ratio informed thru reports from Washington ence are already being rapidly carried
would perhaps cause doubt as to the that that was not even the ma^n purpose out. Japan and America are actually
probability that the newer order which of the bill. Thus they have been made scrapping existing and prospective capi
it is sought to establish could be main partners to a sweeping accusation against tal ships according to the plans agreed
tained without the necessity for inter many of their loyal associates, and made upon. Japan has officially withdrawn
ference by a stronger and more com to appear as proclaiming the very op the seven demands in the offensive
pelling force. Thus it may be that the posite of their own convictions. (jroup V of the famous "Twenty-One
temptation would present itself to adopt, With one fell swoop young people of Demands." She has already withdrawn
in advance of the tide when such a con Japanese ancestry are disposed of as a her troops from Shantung, the last con
tingency might arise, a course which portion of a "national menace," where tingent having sailed from Tsingtau on
would put the whole world on notice as we can call by name many of them May 9th. The Tsingtau garrison will
that the Hawaiians, by their failure to thruout the islands who are examples of itself be removed from the port simul
allay the suspicion that at some time fidelity any nation might be proud to taneously with the transfer of the ad
they might not be able to maintain a possess in its citizenship. ministration of the leased territory to
stable government, have been compelled When any cause is in such desperate the Chinese authorities.
to assume a status of something less extremity that for its own promotion it Great Britain has offered to return
than, that of complete autonomy. does not hesitate to disparage the long YYei-hai-wei, and France offers to dis
Rven the intimation of such a resort and devoted service rendered by tht cuss with China conditions for the re
to the subterfuges of narrow-visioned teachers of the Territory and others in storation of Kwang Chow-wan.
politicians is a challenge to what should the work of Americanization ; does not Californfa is not to be left out of
be the greatest achievement of Ameri hesitate to lay under suspicion young participation in the new spirit of the
can ideals. Have Americans no faitli citizens of well attested loyalty ; does day, and is throwing into the scrap-
in the willing pupils who have, since not swiftly deny statements which might heap some of her hastily enacted laws.
even the days before the taking over of easily cause international irritation, we Her Supreme Court declares unconsti
the sovereignty of the archipelago, declare that the soul of Hawaii shall not tutional the law which forbade "aliens
eagerly assimilated the teachings of be laid down on the altar of that cause. ineligible to citizenship" from acting as
democracy ? The immigrants from the guardians of lands of their American
124 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

born children. The court also declares their full part in the development and The Japanese have made the advance
unconstitutional the assessment of $10 improvement of the community. Recent in this proposal of friendly cooperation ;
poll tax on aliens, and interprets the evidences of their coooperation are seen they lay their cards on the table and
Alien Land Law as not forbidding in their participation in the campaigns invite us to openly consider with them
"crop contracts." This courage to be for the Nuuanu Y. M. C. A., Leahi all questions affecting good understand
just, and to retrieve her mistakes, en Home, and the Mid-Pacific Institute. ing. In order to do this they have
titles California to the conference which No longer will the main display of a laid aside local rivalries and formed
Lord Bryce voiced in regard to Amer common spirit be in parade and festi an organization that can be relied on
ica—"Trust America, for in the end vity, but in the deeper interests of com to represent, not a section, but all
she will do the right thing.-' munity life. Having no vote and no branches of opinion.
It is particularly regrettable that Ha direct method of making their voice
With this approach, there can be no
waii, now in her anxiety over labor heard in questions of public improve
shortage, should have so far lost her ment, they propose to cultivate a more excuse for entertaining "suspicions" and
usual poise as to have scrapped her best thorough understanding through dis "suggestions" and talking around the
contribution to humanity—her message cussion and fellowship. And after all corner. Come out in the open. The
of "good will among men," and to have where is the vote that will accomplish forum method is proposed. Lovers of
dragged out the proverbial ol.d bogey in as much as a friendship? fair play will pursue this method.
the attempt to scare Congress into
granting Jier petition for labor relief.
But to those who have suffered under Christian Workers Institute Commencement
this indignity, the wisest counsel is that
of self-control and forgiveness, for Ha SUNDAY evening, June 4th, marked Honolulu Theological Seminary build
waii will some day ring true again to the close of another successful year ing at which various toasts were given
her mission. of the Christian Workers' Institute and and group singing enjoyed.
the Honolulu Bible Training School. A
large assembly of friends of the school
For Better Cooperation and its students filled Mission Memorial
B*r the courtesy of the Japanese So- to witness the graduating exercises. Mr.
Moses Kealiinohomoku, of the Class of
:iety of Hawaii, a number of repre
1922, of the C. W. I., presented an
sentative citizens of Honolulu were in
essay entitled, "The Man with a Vision,"
vited to a banquet at Moana Hotel on
in which he urged the young people of
May 26, with the object of increasing
mutual, understanding and friendship. today to follow Isaiah's example and go
forth with God's inspiration to win men
For some years past there have been
to Him. Miss Beatrice Chung Hoon of
two Japanese societies, more or less in
the H. B. T. S. of 1922 Class, gave an
rivalry with each other. As a result
essay on "Christianity the Hope of the
of rivalry it was often difficult for
them to cooperate. Former Consul Yada World," in which she ably showed the
persuaded these rival societies to unite, need of the world for Christ.
and his successor, Consul Yamasaki has A stirring and helpful commencement
brought the union to completion, the address on the "Value of Ideals," was
basis and object of their union being delivered to the graduates by the Rev.
as follows : R. W. Bayless, pastor of Lihue Union
(1) To promote friendship between Church. Dean L. G. Davis presented
the United States and Japan. the name of Moses Kealiinohomoku to C. W. I. Faculty Group
(2) To further the welfare of Jap President J. P. Erdman, who awarded
him a full diploma from the Christian On Saturday evening in the Mission
anese residents in Hawaii.
(3) To promote the general public Workers' Institute, and the name of R. Memorial Building, the Juniors and the
Bansuelo, to whom was awarded a cer- Sophomores of the C. W. I. had com
welfare.
Dr. Iga Mori, president of the so tificate for work successfully done dur petitive exercises in the reading of the
ciety, called upon Dr. Harada to act as ing four years' attendance in the Insti Scriptures and in Missionary Biogra
toastmaster, and in the responses by tute. To Mr. Theo. Richards, Superin phies. The winners of the Junior Con
( lovernor Farrington, Consul General tendent of the H. B. T. S., fell the test in reading were Mr. James Anee.
Yamasaki, Rev. Dr. Palmer, Mr. Frank honor of awarding diplomas to twenty first ; Mr. Moses Inaina, second. In
Atherton, Baron Furukawa .and others, men and women who have completed the Sophomore Contest in Missionary
these purposes were emphasized and ap the four years' course of the Teacher Biographies, first place was given to
preciated. Training School. Six three-year cer Miss Elsie Chun and second to Mr. Mo
The days when Japanese expected tificates were awarded to students who desto Salve.
to acquire a competence and then re had followed special courses. Although the C. W. I. and the H. B.
turn to Japan are gone. The great ma On the Friday evening preceding the T. S. united for their Commencement
jority who are here now have settled Commencement Exercises, the graduates Exercises, the two schools represent
down to consider this as the land of of the C. W. I. and the H. B. T. S., quite distinct lines of study. The Chris
their permanent home, and wish to do held the Annual Senior Banquet in the tian Workers' Institute course covers
June, 1922. THE FRIEND 125

four years of daily study of subjects in pioneer work of the Honolulu Star- industrial teachers at the various schools
cluded in the usual school of theology, Bulletin in its garden contests, the clean- —all of these have been important in
and the graduates are qualified to go cut recommendations of the Federal fluences in the development of annual
out as trained ministers of Christ. The School Survey Report, the new prim school fairs throughout the Territory.
Honolulu Bible Training School carries ary supervision, the special work of the —Vaughan MacCaughey.
the students through a complete prepa
ration for Sunday School teaching. The
school meets once a week on Sunday
morning, the course of study running
through four years.
Hilo's Netf "Y"
These two affiliated institutions are YOUNG men in Hilo are now telling purpose we should be duly grateful.
planned to meet the present day needs of their good fortune in having a We hope that not only the Y. M. C. A.
of our churches. Each year sending charming rendezvous where they may but that the Y. W. C. A. may soon be
forth groups of trained workers in these gather for social events, games, reading permanently located on these grounds.
two lines of Christian service, makes and writing, and other privileges pro
for increased effectiveness in reaching vided by the newly opened Y. M. C. A
the large unchristianized elements in building.
our Island life. Scattered throughout The building is the spacous residence
the Territory are numerous graduates known as the old "W'etmorc Home,"
of each of these schools performing —one of those houses which has grad
selfsacrificing service for the Master. ually expanded its roofs and lanais to
The year just closed was one of the meet the demands of a hospitable home,
most successful. —J. P. E. until it is now a delightful, rambling,
out-of-door style of house one natur
ally associates with a southern home.
Superintendent is Occupied once by a missionary whose
Appreciative hobby was botany, the house is sur
rounded with grand old trees of rare
THE teachers and principals of Ho varieties. Many historic associations
nolulu and rural Oahu deserve hearty are also clustered around it.
congratulations upon the excellent school
( )n Saturday evening, May 20, this
exhibits shown recently at the Nuuanu place was formally opened as the new
Gymnasium. Special credit should be
home of the Y. M. C. A. Mr. 1-:. A.
given to the Teachers' Council, which
Corey, the Secretary, assisted by many
has initiated the movement for a school willing and interested ladies and gen Mr. E. A. Corey, Executive
fair on this island. tlemen, had provided an evening of va
The benefits from which an enterprise ried and festive features. Miss Jose "I well remember the efforts started
are numerous and obvious. It stimulates phine Deyo, who has made this place way back in the '80s when our good
fine cooperation and team-work among her home for many years, loving it pastor Rev. E. P. Baker tried to start
the schools. It vitalizes the curriculum and delighting in its rich historic as an interest in the Y movement, then
and gives the children a wholesome in sociations, gave a charming story of in its infancy in the United States.
centive for their work. It emphasizes reminiscences connected with this place, There were not so many young men
the creative impulse in school work. and expressed her delight that it was in Hilo then as now, but there was at
The school fairs held this year on passing now into hands that would that time the need just the same for
I lawaii. Maui, Kauai and Oahu are keep up its high traditions. such an enterprise. It was impossible
proving of prominent value in showing Theh Board of Directors were repre to do anything at that time, the nearest
the general public the high grade work sented on the program by Mr. Levi approach to it was the Hilo Library,
which is being done in the public Lyman, who told in concise form the then located in Hilo Telephone office ;
schools. story of the hopes long cherished, the one operator tending the switch
We are willing to match much of this which were this evening beginning to board and looking after the library
work against the best work of the best see their glad fulfillment. His remarks books as well as chatting with all who
mainland schools. were as follows : dropped in that way and doing his best
During the past few years, special to make the place so attractive that one
"This is an occasion that I as well
attention has been given to the Hawaiian as many others have waited long to would wish to come again. Mr. E. E.
handicrafts, to primary handwork, and see. The day when Hilo should actu Richards, the then manager of the
to elementary agricultural and industrial ally have a Y. M. C. A. The accom Telephone company, did much for the
teaching. The beneficial effects of these plishment of this fact is in answer to young men of Hilo in this way. Time
modern trends in education are made many prayers which have been offered went on and many years passed without
visible by such exhibits as the Kuhio for many years past. And now that this need being filled. The Hilo Li
Agricultural Fair. the way seems opening up that these brary and Hilo saloons offered about
The splendidly developing professional grounds hallowed by the labors of early the only attractions to our young men
consciousness of teachers, the long missionaries should be used for this in their leisure time.
126 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

After Six Years building of which Hilo may be proud. livelihood. This means industrial and
"About six years ago the Territorial There seems to be no more suitable site agricultural education, trade schools,
Y. M. C. A. board sent Dr. Williams, than the one on which we are tempor part time and continuation classes, and
president of Mills Institute of Hono arily located. Let us hope, pray, and vocational guidance.
lulu, and Mr. L. R. Killam, Terri work that this end may soon be ac 5. Physical education, in the broad
torial Y. M. C. A. secretary, to Hilo to complished." est sense of the term, is of strategic
sound the prospects of starting a All agree with Mr. Corey, that it has importance, as the productiveness and
branch Y here. They found quite a paid to wait, for now a place near the happiness of a community is determined
live and general interest expressed in ideal has been found. Among the at by its health.
the project, several meetings were held tractions and privileges offered are the 6. Moral and ethical teaching should
at which there was a creditable attend following : pervade the curriculum, inasmuch as
ance and a temporary committee was the final products of education are
Y. M. C. A. Membership Privileges
appointed to make the effort to start character and personality. These are
a Y. Financial backing was lacking, Reasonably priced rooms, hot tub expressed through community service.
however, and the feeling prevailed that bath, hot and cold showers, reading "He profits most who serves best."
the time had not yet come ; that the room, free writing supplies, electric iron 7. The cost of education is charge
town already had all the institutions it for pressing', shaving materials, tele able, not to the individual or child, but
could support. Nothing further was phone service, checking parcels, money to the State, which maintains the public
done until the close of the war. At or valuables, use of typewriter, chess, schools to protect its own future, and
that time there were some 'Y' war checkers, dominoes, use of athletic li to preserve the social institutions against
funds appropriated for use in the is brary, educational, classes, moving pic ignorance and all the forces of evil.
lands and a portion of this amount set tures, social events. Bible discussion
aside for Hilo. Mr. E. A. Corey, our groups, volley ball, punching bags, box
present secretary, was sent here and has ing gloves. Boys' club activities : Week The Golden Sea of Glory
been actively on the job ever since. It end hikes, sexual hygiene, health talks, By William C. Allen
is a noteworthy fact that just about the feeds, dramatics, life work conferences.
AS I looked out of my cabin window
time the saloon went out of town the
early one morning (1922) when ap
Y. M. C. A. came in to take its place, Seven Basic Principles in the proaching Honolulu, I caught sight of
we might say, in providing entertain
ment for our young men, only in an
Educational Progress of Hawaii a little boat floating easily in the arms
of the sunny sea. The splendor of the
elevating, instead of degrading way. A There is so much interest just now
tropical sun had transformed the beauti
committee consisting of Messrs. J. T. in our public problems and needs and
ful waters into an ocean of gold. Who
Moir, Mariner and Lyman was appoint so many suggestions are being offered,
were the men in the tiny craft? I can
ed by the Territorial Y. M. C. A. Board that Superintendent of Public Instruc
not tell. Probably they were fishing
in Honolulu to assist Mr. Corey in tion Vaughan MacCaughey has pre
folk who had toiled all night and who
making a start, and so the work began. pared a tentative statement of seven
basic principles in the educational prog had caught almost nothing. Possibly
Later on Mr. Schlotman was sent here
ress of Hawaii. These may serve, he they were humble workers who from
to assist Mr. Corey. His salary was
says, not as dogmatic statements, but their situation could not behold or im
paid from sources outside of Hilo for
as suggestive formulations of funda agine the golden glory that surrounded
the first year, but at the end of this
them.
period as funds were not available for mental policy.
more than one secretary, Mr. Schlot i. The primary aim of the American Then I thought of how strangely like
man returned to the mainland. public school system is to train for human life was their occupation and
American citizenship. This includes their surroundings. How many of us
Corey Praised mastery of the "three R's" and a work strive—and in God's ordering rightly
''Great credit is due to Mr. Corey ing knowledge of American history, strive—for the material things that
for the tactful manner in which he civics, and the ideals of democracy. must inevitably perish. How, whilst
has handled the work here. It has not 2. The American public school sys so engaged, we often fail to detect the
been an easy task. Without a build tem endeavors to provide, for those beauty and the charm of life that is
ing and with practically no equipment who are qualified, an unbroken path all about us. We do not understand the
be and Mr. Schlotman both have ac way from the kindergarten to the uni wonderful protection that God day by
complished much for the good of Hilo. versity. day affords us. We do not comprehend
The Hilo Y movement owes more than 3. American homes can best be the riches of His forgiveness and grace.
we realize to the efforts and active in created and maintained by women who As the mist-crowned mountains of Oahu
terest taken by Mr. Frank Atherton as are trained in American home-making. break the force of the strong trade-
well as to the efforts of Mr. L. R. Kil The home-making arts and sciences are, winds that sweep over the heaving
lam, Territorial Y. M. C. A. secretary. therefore, of special importance in Ha bosom of the great Pacific and make a
We certainly are grateful to these gen waii's school curriculum. tranquil sea wherein the Hawaiian can
tlemen as well as to all who have as 4. The schools should be closely float his little vessel so does God often,
sisted in starting our present institu and sympathetically articulated with the very often, shelter us. We too are pro
tion. We hope the time will soon come great basic industries of Hawaii from tected from the ravages and the perils
when we shall be able to purchase a which the schools derive their support, of veritable oceans of difficulty— from
permanent site and erect a Y. M. C. A. and in which the school graduates seek (Concluded on page 135)
 June. 1922. THE FRIEND 127

The Lihue Memorial Parish House

By Ethel M. Damon

SOME monuments achieve their des soft velvet. Lender the gallery, folding coffee pot to that rarest virtue of all, an
tiny through sheer grace of line or doors enclose the space into two lecture adjustable shaded light over the sink.
color; some through piercing beauty of rooms. A third separate room for Sun From the kitchen one passes out on to
form in marble whiteness ; some through day school classes and committee meet a lattticed porch, another essential of
the stirring spirit of historic figures ; ings adjoins the main auditorium at the culinary well being. Both kitchen and
still others through lives of self-sacrifice right, and beyond this one enters porch are at the back, also in the shade
built on hidden memories. On the through swinging doors an apartment of tall old trees, but quite unsuspected
nineteenth of last month there was which brings a peculiar joy to the both from the gabled ends and the
opened to residents of Lihue. Kauai, a women of Lihue, a kitchen, fully equip stately front of this beautiful structure
monument rarely beautiful alike in its ped from huge chowder cauldron and of lichened rocks.
inner significance, in its outward form.
and in its design of service to the
community in which it stands. The low,
square tower of this new parish house
hears a bronze inscription : "Erected by
Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Wilcox in memory
of their sons, Ralph Lyman Wilcox and
Charles Henry Wilcox."
Built of great blocks of native stone,
it is placed most naturally among tower
ing old trees in the church yard, where
some day there must be a church build
ing of appropriate design, a little to one
side of the site of the present church
in order to give a lovely vista through
to the little old Hawaiian church with
its pointed steeple. Somewhat reminis1
cent of the long roof of the old Waioli
church, perhaps, the line of the roof on
the new parish house has yet a distinc
tion of its own, sloping down from
among the sheltering branches of tall
gray-green ironwoods to end above the
five circular concrete pillars of the
wide, hospitable porch. Devoid of all
ornament, these pillars are Greek in
iheir simplicity.
An interior view of the Memorial Parish House showing the stage.
From the entrance walk of dull red
concrete tiles the first impression is one
of coolness and darkness, but the mo On Friday, May 19th, the new parish Honolulu, Mr. Hall of Koloa, and Mr.
ment one actually enters at any one of house was formally opened to the public. Lydgate of Lihue. Taking as his text
the three spacious doorways, darkness Small wonder that groups of friends the words, "I am among you, as he
gives place to an ample north light from assembled from all over the island both that serveth," Mr. Palmer so ably
long, high windows just opposite the for the dedication services in the after developed his appropriate theme of the
entrance. Through these windows, in noon and the opening play in the eve church as a community servant that
the gray-brown trunks and soft gray- ning. For the dedication, palms, ferns, The Friend has requested his address
green foliage of the trees at the back, exquisite dahlias and summer lilac dec in full for publication in this issue.
the artist-architect, Mr. Hart Wood, has orated the stage in front of the drawn In the evening "nothing short of the
taken his cue for staining the huge curtain. And for the first time the fairy-land of Shakespeare" could serve
beams and rafters which support the mellow tones of the new Steinway piano to express appreciation for such a
vaulted ceiling. The long auditorium, were heard in the opening doxology. beautiful gift. And. appropriately, it
surmounted at its eastern end by a low- Ably assisted by the Hawaiian choir and was largely the children of the commun
hung gallery and graceful, narrow wind that of Lihue Union Church, the pastors ity who voiced this appreciation, for in
ows, will seat four or five hundred, ac of those two churches. Mr. Charles deed, what is a community if not a
commodating them at its western ex Keahi and Mr. Ralph Bayless, conducted group of children ? And is it not the
tremity with an ample stage well the exercises in which three visiting children who are to enjoy longest the
equipped even to a graceful curtain of clergymen participated, Mr. Palmer of delights of this new playhouse and who
128 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

are to tell to their children the story erous details. Between the acts, the must touch the conscience of the world
of the silver-haired grandfather and Pasmore Trio delighted the audience about war and militarism, about slums
grandmother who made this wonderful with the overture from Mendelssohn's and tenements, about poverty and pre
playhouse? For, indeed, who but a "Midsummer Night's Dream" followed ventable disease, about race prejudice
grandfather and grandmother would by other appropriate selections. At the and class-conscious snobbery and pro
know so well just what children need? end, the fairies trooped on to the claim anew, in terms of modern life and
And so in stately court scene, in the stage, at fairy time, to bless the house, modern temptation, the eternal ethical
rollicking fun of the "hard-handed men just as in the play the duke's house is principles of Jesus.
of Athens," and in the moonlit wood blessed, save that here, with the change But supremely the church must serve
land of the fairies in the "Midsummer of only two or three words, the fairies the community as a priest of the unseen
Xight"s Dream," the children and their sang a song of blessing for the beautiful but eternal verities of God. It must
friends spoke out thanks for a rare gift. new play house : help men not to easy lives but to great
Miss Edith Rice made a wonderland of "Now until the break of day strength of soul because God is revealed
color and design in the artistry of her as near and helpful. To lonely, troubled,
Through this house each fairy stray.
costumes. Miss Margaret Clarke wrote weary, disappointed men and women it
And this pleasant chamber bless,
elfish songs to Shakespeare's words, must bring "the peace of God which
then played and sang them with the Through the years, with friendly peace ; passeth all understanding." Its very
children herself. Mrs. Catherine Cox And the givers of it blest spire must be a sacrament of hope and
and. Miss Ethel Damon planned num Ever shall in safety rest." its services of worship must open the
door into communion with the Unseen
until we realize we are no longer alone
The Church as A Community Servant but that God is with us to comfort and
Dedication Sermon, Lihue Parish House, May 19, 1922.
By ALBERT W. PALMER sustain—
"Kneeling in prayer and not ashamed
Text : "/ am in the midst of you as he that serveth." to pray
THESE are the words of Jesus. What edge Him as the Son of God. For While the eternal ages watch and
a wonderful servant He was ! Some "God was in Him reconciling the world wait."
of His service was on the physical unto Himself" and he that hath seen I have spoken to you on the church
level, as when He healed the sick and Christ in the depth of His mystic mean as a community servant. This parish
restored to the blind their sight. He ing "hath seen the Father." house comes now to Lihue Union
did not excuse himself from mere phy Now if Jesus was thus a great Ser Church as a means of serving its com
sical service, but, on one memorable oc vant, it follows that His church must munity more completely. It will be
casion, girded himself with a towel be a servant too. And in general the first of all, a home for the religious
that He might wash His disciples' feet church must serve its community along education work of the church through
—the function of the lowliest slave— the three great lines in which the its Sunday School. This church has a
and thereby set them an example of Master served His day and generation. large responsibility in religious educa
humble physical service. There is always some physical service tion—responsibility which can be quite
He also served as a teacher. We which the church can render. In days accurately measured by the steady
study psychology and pedagogy, we talk gone by it has built hospitals and the growth of your High School in num
about "points of contact" and the "laws early missionaries here labored at all bers and efficiency. A large propor
of attention" and then turn back acrosf the tasks of civilization. Today many tion of these High School pupils come
the centuries to find the supreme illus a church is serving its community in a from non-Christian homes. But they
trations of our theories in the parables truly Christlike spirit by providing a themselves will not be Buddhists or
and teachings of Jesus, the world's gymnasium or playground or other Confucianists. Living in a Christian
greatest teacher. equipment and opportunity for clean land, they ought to be Christians.
But He was a teacher who was and wholesome recreation. Through this building the church ought
touched with prophetic fire. A prophet The church must always be at teach- to be better able to conduct a school of
is one who speaks for God, and Jesus or of life's ideals. And the best way religious education adequate to give the
in His denunciation of hypocrisy and to teach ideals is through the Bible. rising generation a knowledge of and
greed, in His fearless cleansing of the Hence the tremendous importance of enthusiasm for the principles and ideals
temple, in His great utterances of the the church's program of religious edu of Jesus.
highest ideals of conduct and His mar cation. Nor does this need to be limit But this parish house is also equip
tyr's death has become the supreme ed to Sunday Schools. There is no good ped for wider service to the social life
prophet of humanity. reason why it should not be offered on of the community. Here is an audi
But the deepest service He rendered week days also and in close cooperation torium where people shall gather in
was as a great high-priest of the eternal with, though entire independence from. the days to come to hear inspiring
verities of the spirit. Great as His the public schools. speakers, to receive instruction in mat
message about human conduct was, His And still the world needs the voice ters of civic welfare, to hear debates
revelation of the heart of God was even of the prophet. The church has a most on political issues and social questions
greater. His consciousness of God is a essential service to render in this vio Very important is the splendid kitchen
great deep and sets Him apart from lent, self-indulgent and materialistic age equipment. The Christian church was
men so that the Christian centuries bow to speak out in behalf of the poor, the founded around a table in an upper
in reverence before Jesus and acknowl- oppressed and the down-trodden. It (Continued on Page 138)
June. 1922. THE FRIEND 129

cils. Dr. John Mott and Dr. J. II.

ike National Christian Conference in China Oldham, the recognized leaders of the
world missionary enterprise, have ex
Since this article, has been in type Mr. the church in their native land. And pressed their profound gratification that
Killam has returned to Honolulu. He brings such a body has been formed. Dr. Mott,
confirmation of those achievements of the yet their strong leaders are all too few
conference which he here anticipates. in number. in addressing the conference before the
decision to form a unifying body was
THE National Christian Conference of Third. The Chinese Christians want reached, said, "The greatest thought
China which is coming; to a close church unity. They do not understand that has come to me since I have been
tomorrow will go clown in Christian our western denominationalism. The in China this time is this, 'You have
history as one of the great meetings of outstanding emphasis in the report of come to the opportunity of the ages.
the Church. Those present at gather the commission on the message of the You are standing where the Christians
ings destined to become historic seldom church was on unity. They see little of Japan stood in the later Eighties.
realize their significance at the time. hope of a church split into numerous Some of them saw it, but they could not
However, every delegate here realizes denominational groups winning China get a sufficient number to go with them.
something of the importance of this to Christ. The Congregational and The opportunity fled, it never came
conference. Several features seem to Presbyterian delegates, Chinese and. back. This is the time of rising tide
stand out at this time. foreign, held a separate conference and in this land and unless I am mistaken,
agree to unite. The matter is now to the tide is almost at the crest. This
First. The Chinese Church is being
be voted upon by the local associations is the day of opportunity for the
born. The theme of the conference was
"The Chinese Church." To the older and presbyteries. When we realize that Christian Church in China.' "
missionaries this meant a discussion of at present there are more than one
hundred and thirty denominational mis Lloyd R. Killam,
methods of mission work and its rela
sion boards at work here, the Chinese Shanghai, China.
tion to the "missions." To the Chinese
point of view is more deeply appreciated. May ioth.
it meant the laying of plans so that in
the future the church would be truly Fourth. Spiritual unity amidst great
Chinese. Their plea has been that the diversity.
missionaries might allow the church to Probably every dialect in the Chinese
Monarchial Relics
become indigenous and thus remove language is represented in the con HISTORICAL flags which an Act
from it the stigma of being a foreign ference. And surely there are few of the Legislature lias bestowed
institution. For over one hundred year's shades of belief which are not repre upon Bishop Museum providing a re
missionaries have been praying that a sented by the foreign missionaries who quest is made for them, are in the
self directing, self supporting and self come from most of the European coun custody of R. C. Lydecker, librarian
propagating church might be raised up. tries as well as America. Before the of the Public Archives, awaiting their
There are clear evidences that their conference there was great concern on final disposition.
prayers are to be answered. The na this point. The difficulties of language
tional and racial consciousness are so were so great, and just now the feeling One of these is the Hawaiian flag
evident that this will mark a turning between the conservative and liberal which was lowered from the old Palace
point in methods of mission work. group is so intense that it did not in August, 1898, and the American flag
Immediate attention to a more adequate seem possible that one thousand people which was hoisted over the Palace a
program of training leaders will result. could sit together in conference for ten moment later by Admiral Miller, U. S.
Soon the mission boards will change days. The adoption of Mandarin as the N., on behalf of the United States gov
their policies, only sending workers official language and the keeping of ernment, the double act signifying that
when invited to do so by the Chinese all minds and hearts centered on the the Hawaiian Islands had been annexed
churches. need of China for Christ has made to the Unitied States under the pro
Second. The revelation of the possible a real unity. visions of the Joint Resolution of An
strength of Chinese leadership. nexation which was passed by Congress
Fifth. The formation of a National on July 6, 1898, and signed the day
Missionaries who have been in China Christian Council has been the chief following at the White House by Presi
for thirty- five years have marveled as action of the gathering. The discussion dent McKinley.
i hey have seen the leaders of all sec for several days has centered on this
Other flags are:
tions of the country together. Most of question. The council is in reality a
them have fully realized for the first standing committee of the conference American flag, raised on executive
time that mission work has produced a and is to be composed of one hundred building (now Judjciary building),
number of men who are equal spiritually members, the majority of whom are to February 1, 1893, by United States
and intellectually to any foreigner. The be Chinese. Its work is to function for Minister Stevens; flag labeled "Regent's
conference has been a Chinese con the whole church in all questions which Flag" ; flag with a motto "Oni E Mau" ;
ference. The chairman of the con are too large to be handled by de Hawaiian flag, history unknown ; Royal
ference, the chairman of the business nominational organizations. All Chris Standard supposed to have been taken
committee, and the members of the tian bodies working nationally, such as by Kalakaua on his trip around the
most important commission have all tiie Chinese Education Association and world ; Royal Standard, badly damaged,
been Chinese. They have exhibited their the Chinese Medical Association, are to history unknown ; Royal Standard, his
ability to deal with the problems facing be subsidiary organizations to the coun tory unknown.
130 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

Hrie Japanese Problem in Hawaii

Ho\\? the Task of Christianizing and Americanizing the Oriental is Progressing.*
Bj> Rev. U. G. Murphy
FOR many years, in common with bossed by the type of overseer one 20, and sometimes in one in 30, had
other church workers, I endeavored to generally meets on the average planta a copy of the Japanese New Testament.
harmonize the conflicting reports com tion, and there is little hope that the Xo such condition could be found in
ing from Hawaii relative to social, trend away from the plantation will any but the most isolated places in
moral, racial and religious conditions cease until laborers have lunas of their Japan, if at all.
on the islands. But finally I came to own nationality. I found that where Gradually I began to sense the fact
the conclusion that the only way one work is done by contract both employ that I was dealing with people who had
could get any definite, concrete idea of ers and employees are better satisfied, been isolated from their home land so
Hawaiian conditions would be to spend just as is the case on the mainland. long that they know practically nothing
some time there. Hence when the Japanese do better work where they of the progress Japan has made, and
American Bible Society suggested that are trusted and can arrange their own being ignorant of the English language,
I might be of some service in a Bible hours and methods. have been left behind untouched by the
selling campaign on the islands I lost As the Japanese are handled by over current of American civilization. Be
no time in accepting the offer. seers of other nationalities, there was cause of the "Gentlemen's Agreement"
Since I had spent fourteen years in no opportunity of approaching them only a few members of families have
Japan, and several years on the Pacific through their own representatives. On been allowed to come to America for the
coast in somewhat close association with the mainland the whole matter is very past fifteen years, still further accentuat
the Japanese, it was the idea of the simple. All I need to do is to notify ing the isolation and unfamiliarity with
Society that in Hawaii I should do most the bookman as to the time of my ar the changes that have occurred.
of my work among the Japanese. I rival, and he attends to the rest. A After ten hours in the fields there is
took with me 2,000 Testaments in Eng good audience is generally assured, but very little energy left for anything but
lish for the Hawaiian-bom of Japanese this not being possible in Hawaii, I the hasty meal, the hot bath and bed.
parentage and the Society had 25 cases had to adopt other methods of securing Ordinarily the Japanese are voracious
of Japanese Testaments shipped in from a hearing. In fact, if there are methods readers, but in the camps in Hawaii I
Yokohama. of securing an audience that I did not found even newspapers comparatively
It soon became apparent that the six employ in Hawaii, I do not recall them scarce in the homes. The labor is hard
weeks I had innocently alloted myself now. When a meeting was not possible, and in addition the heat and rain must
as sufficient to cover the islands would I visited from house to house, a very be taken into account. While many
not do at all, and I added two more tiresome, slow, though very effective plantation owners are severe in their
weeks to the six. Four months would method. criticism of the Japanese because of the
have been much better, and if I try Visiting the camps from house to strike of a year ago, practically all are
this kind of a job again, I shall endeavor house, however, has decided drawbacks, agreed that they form the best class
to arrange for more time. as generally both the husband and wife of laborers obtainable.
Having been accustomed to work work in the fields. At the wages paid I found that in addition to the limited
among the Japanese on the coast, visit until recently this has been necessary in circulation of the Scriptures many lo
ing their saw mill, farm, railroad and order to make a living. The children calities seemed to have been practically
fish-cannery camps, I thought I would get off early to the Japanese language untouched by Christian propaganda.
know how to handle the camps I had school, which, until recently when the The Buddhist temples exert a powerful
heard so much about in Hawaii. But I new law regulating such schools went influence over the Japanese. The feel
soon discovered that camps in the into effect, opened at 7 a. m. Work in ing among the few Americans on the
United States and camps in Hawaii are the fields begins at 6 a. m. the year islands that the Buddhist priests are
very different things. On the mainland round and continues, with a half-hour using Buddhism to hold the Japanese to
Japanese camps have Japanese fore rest at noon, until 4:30 p. m. This their national traits and allegiance is un
men, or bookmen, as they are now means that most of the people are away doubtedly warranted to a great extent.
called ; but in Hawaii the foreman, or from home all day, except Sundays. It would seem impossible that any
"lima," is generally a Portuguese, or a Very naturally under the circumstances, American plantation owner should sup
Portuguese-Hawaiian. visiting the homes cannot be very suc port the Buddhist temples and subsidize
There are several reasons why the cessful ; but somehow I made headway the priests, but I found that this has
Hawaiian-born Japanese boys and girls at that kind of Bible evangelism. been done in many places.
do not take kindly to plantation labor, I found that even fewer Bibles were in If ever a man did a foolish thing it
but one of the chief reasons is the the possession of the Japanese than had is just that. Buddhism has allied itself
objection to the kind of lunas who been estimated. The workers on the too closely with the Japanese national
oversee the work of the laborers. It is field had estimated that about seven life—the most backward part of the na
not reasonable to expect the grammar per cent of the Japanese had Bibles or tional life at that—ever to adapt itself
school graduate to be content to be Testaments when I arrived. I frequently to the life of a truly American com
* Christian Herald. found camps where only one family in munity. This means that an American
 June. 1922. THE FRIEND 131

Buddhist is a practical impossibility. the close of the talk assisted in selling. to attack Japan, and that the Japanese
The reason given by the Americans who I shall not soon forget those older in California were not in such a bad
have assisted Buddhist propaganda, that Japanese folks, the hard-working, simple- plight after all.
they wished their employees to have the minded, much belated immigrants who And still another reason why they
benefits of their own religious faith, is came from Japan years ago and who were willing to take chances at some
a very poor one, and in view of the still think of Japan as it was when they new ideas was the feeling that the
active part the priests played in per left it, the Japan of their dreams—the Japanese had been very poorly led. if
petuating the recent strike, most of the Japan that exists no longer. They are not deceived, in the late strike, which
plantation owners now realize that they doing better financially in recent years ended so disastrously. Regarding this
have used very poor judgment in the and are sending their children to school strike, I should say, however, that the
selection of Buddhism as a means of a while longer ; and the children, catch Planters' Association raised the wages
keeping their employees in good humor. ing the spirit of the new age, the Amer 50 per cent beginning with November,
In many of the camps I found not ican spirit, as it emanates through the the basic wage, monthly scale, being
only an ignorance of things Christian, public schools, the Sunday schools and now $30 instead of $20 as heretofore.
but a most decided hostility to Chris the churches scattered here and there Too frequently I found pastors and
tianity. In some places the non-Chris through the islands, are bringing new teachers passing up the old folks as
tian Japanese were very bitter against and unexpected problems to the old hopeless and centering their efforts on
the Christians because the latter did not folks. It is very hard for these older the young people. I am very positive
support the strike heartily. In other Japanese, especially for those under that this is a mistake. No plan that
places I found the prejudice against Buddhist influence, to realize that their leaves the home out of consideration is
Christianity the same kind of prejudice children cannot be reared as they them going to be much of a success.
I found in Japan twenty-five years ago. selves were reared years ago in Japan. I was surprised to find that where
Frequently parents would refuse to The tendency is for the parents to re Hawaiian-born Japanese have married
buy a Testament on the ground that gard the rapidly changing attitude of persons reared in Japan, the result is
theirs was different, and there would be their Hawaiian-born children as nothing almost invariably a failure. At one
trouble with the priest if it were known less than impudence and a lack of that place, just previous to my visit, two
that a "Jesus book" was in the house. type of filial piety that has been the young women drowned themselves in the
On one occasion a mother had declined principal pillar of Oriental civilization sea, rather than marry the Japan-reared
to purchase a Testament, though evi for millenniums. And by attempting to husbands the parents had selected. One
dently desiring a copy, when her little tighten up on discipline along Oriental pretty, plump Hawaiian-born young
boy came in from school. Seeing there lines the parents only make matters woman of Japanese parentage, who had
was no chance to sell a Japanese Testa worse. They are pitting themselves, been divorced from her husband, re
ment, I suggested a copy in English not only against their young folks, but marked that "A Jap does not know how
for the boy, as he could understand against the American spirit. to treat a wife anyway." What she
English even better than Japanese. She This perplexity about the rising gen meant by a "Jap" was a Japanese, born
readily bought for the boy, apparently eration I found is predisposing the older and reared in Japan.
with the idea that inasmuch as Buddha folks to give serious attention to any And now as for these young people,
did not understand English there would thing that promises to ameliorate condi the Hawaiian-born of Japanese parent
be no trouble. tions and bring about some measure of age, I do not believe that one could
Where I could get a hearing—and I harmony in the home. How many find a more loveable, and withal, more
learned after a while how to get good copies of the Testament I sold by hopeful set of youngsters anywhere
audiences—I found that most of those stressing this point, I do not know ; else on earth.
present would buy Testaments bearing very many, I am sure. If the Christian's The Japanese seldom intermarry with
out the impression formed in Japan book would assist in adjusting" matters other races. All of the public school
years ago when once they fully under between the old and the young, they teachers of Chinese and Japanese parent
stand a proposition. Very often men were willing to invest the twenty or age that I met are Christians, and not
who had come to the service without thirty cents needed to get one. so by inheritance either, but by choice—
money would borrow from their friends Another reason why the Japanese by a choice that meant years of deter
to buy Testaments. Sometimes after were inclined to give me audience was mined struggle and persistence ; not the
listening a long time to the haole ( Ha that I had just come from California, kind of Chistian who goes to church at
waiian for white man) who could speak where it was believed that the Japanese Christmas and Easter and manages
Japanese, one man would take the names were being viciously persecuted. I found somehow to keep out of jail, but the
of all who desired books, I would hand that many had received letters from home type that carries a positive influence in
them over, and later the man would urging that the Japanese in Hawaii re the school and elsewhere, that teaches a
look me up and pay for the lot. Oc turn to Japan at once as it was quite Sunday school on Sunday if one is
casionally a man would run home after certain that America and Japan were near, and that organizes one of there is
the service and come back with money going to war over the California ques not. The rating of these Hawaiian-bom
to buy. I spoke several times in Jap tion. Knowing that in California the public school teachers of Oriental parent
anese language schools conducted by Japanese were doing business as usual, age is very high.
Buddhist temples and sold heavily, fre aware of the anti-Japanese agitation The white -school teachers from the
quently every man present purchasing. principally through the newspapers, I mainland are frequently prejudiced at
On a few occasions the principal of the did everything possible to assure the first against the brown-skinned hordes
school presided, introduced me, and at old folks that America was not about (Continued on page 135)
U2 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

The Passing of a Pioneer Christianity and Americanization

WHEN the Board, fifty years ago,
decided "to enter nominal Chris (A Preamble to the Organization of the Interracial Church for Young People)
tian lands for the purpose of illustrat By William A. Tate
ing to the eyes of the Romanists a true
Christian unity," it chose for this deli ONE of the most striking aspects of are not called upon to abandon, still
cate task men like Schauffler and Clark, Christianity, and a proof of its in less repudiate their national racial char
and the two (iulicks, Luther and Wil herent divine genius, is its ability to acteristics, but they are to interpret
liam. The two former went to Austria, transcend all barriers of race and caste. their heritage in the highest spiritual
the latter pair to Spain. William had Its ideal and goal is a kingdom into and most human terms. It is the aim
but recently returned from South Amer which men and women from the east of Christianity not to banish race con
ica, where for three years he was a and the west, the north and the south, sciousness, but to break down the bar
self-supporting lay missionary, en shall come and sit down together in riers of selfishness and caste that have
deavoring to prove "to native and for peace and good-will, seeking by com been erected between the races. "I have
eigner alike that a business man need mon consent council and righteous come," said Jesus, "not to destroy, but
not surrender his religious principles in purpose to bend and bind the service of to fulfill," i. c. to enable every race
pursuit of his vocation." Because of man to the service and honor of God. through its own special consciousness to
his knowledge of Spanish, and because, The mission and message of Jesus make its contribution toward the en
being the son of a veteran missionary was not merely for the benefit of a largement, uplift, enrichment and re
of the Board in Hawaii, he was, as the special race, a chosen people, it was demption of life.
records say, "thoroughly imbued with for the redemption of the world. "He If this be true how are we to relate
the missionary spirit from infancy," he is our peace," says Paul to the Ephesians this ideal and purpose of Jesus, which
was chosen for the task in Spain over and speaking as a Jew to Gentiles, I have stated is the very genius of
others who applied. He and Luther— "because lie hath made us both one, and Christianity, to what we have come to
with their brides—landed in Spain in broken down the barriers that divided call the problem of Americanization—
February, 1872, four years after the us." the acquainting of every inhabitant of
promulgation of the constitution grant But while Christianity overleaps all American soil with spiritual America in
ing religious liberty. Luther was ob barriers of race and caste and country, the hope that there may be aroused a
liged to leave within the first decade of to become a Christian does not mean loyalty to and an appreciation for
service, but William was able to round that one is called upon to make denial American institutions and ideals. In
out forty-eight years of labor in Spain, of one's race and country. The Master other words what do we, as Americans,
and to retire in 1919 at the ripe age of himself never went beyond the bound have a right to expect from the foreign
eighty-four. He died in Boston, April aries of Palestine. His life and personal born and those of foreign ancestry in
14, 1922. practice was always that of a loyal Jew. our midst that, without any taint of
Possibly the most interesting chapter He attended the services of the Jewish arbitrariness, we can justify both by the
of his life in Spain was that in which church and made the Jewish scriptures ideals of America and the principles
he was engaged with his wife, Alice the basis of His preaching. "Nothing," and purposes of Christ himself?
Cordon Culick, in the founding and de says Bishop Henson, "could be less re There are three great moral demands
velopment of the Institute for Girls, at volutionary than the whole aspect of which our national heritage makes upon
Madrid, the work of which is now car His ministry. At the same time Christ all those who would be truly American
ried on at Barcelona, under the auspices clearly taught that He was an agent in thought and deed.
of the Woman's Board of Missions. of an immense and abiding change. The I. And the first demand is "You
Mr. Gulick was a missionary true to kingdom' of God which was the burden must be democratic."
the traditions of a noted Christian fam of his preaching would effect, he "Democracy," says Lord Bryce, its
ily. A chain of churches and elemen said, a complete though silent revolution finest exponent, "is government by
tary schools across the north of Spain on the earth. It would recreate society majorities," which is to say that its
links together at this moment of writ in church and state on principles as yet central principle is the recognition of
ing a goodly number of William unrecognized by either. "All mankind the equal worth of human souls. A
( iulick's children in the Lord. Many thus came within the range of Christ's recognition based on love and respect
staunch Christians today in Spain would mission, the consummation of which for one's fellow man. But this dogma
testify to his formative influence in their would be found in the complete ruler- of the equal worth of human souls does
lives—some of them Catholics, led into ship of God in the hearts and lives of not of course imply that men and women
a better understanding of their Saviour; men and women everywhere." have equal capacity. It is simply an
others independents, who were snatched But Jesus nowhere indicates that be indication that the world in which we
from the verge of atheism and placed fore all this can come to pass there live makes capacity the measure, not of
upon the Way of Life by this quiet, must be a universal blotting out of all worth, but of obligation. We live in a
Christian missionary. What William race distinctions, or that any nation is world in which the one great law of life
Gulick said fifty years ago in his first charged by God with the supreme mis is the law of mutual service.
report might well be quoted as his life sion of imposing its own peculiar culture This demand for a moral disposition
message today : "So the work has pro and national consciousness upon the towards one's fellows which we call
gressed, but not without hindrances."— rest of the world. On the contrary, in democracy enforced as it often has been
The Missionary Herald. becoming Christian, races and nations "by revolutions, by battles for human
Tune, 1922. THE FRIEND 133

rights, lias achieved results which would Democracy is a living thing, and as poverty and were in the mood to ap
be beyond the comprehension of the such must either grow or decay. While preciate and accept the comforts and
wisest and finest souls of the past." It it is true that most of its external en consolations of religion. What a good
has lifted America in the short space emies have been defeated, yet its great many people fail to realize is that the
of a little more than a hundred years est battles are still to be fought. Fought Bible is not only the foundation of our
to the very forefront of the nations in human souls. Every one of us, religious life, but also the foundation of
and made her a leader in the portrayal whether we care to confess it or not, our civilization. And many scholars and
of the hopes and ideals of mankind. But is a potential aristocrat, but. says leaders in education are seeing as never
what we need most to remember is that Jesus, "It shall not be so among you. before that the failure to make com
all the achievements which we have He that is greatest among you, let him pulsory the study of the Bible in the
come to associate with democracy get be the servant of all." The servant of school entails a tragic loss not only in
their "inner spring and vital force from all—that is an expression of the demo cultural and spiritual guidance, but in
the moral imperative for mutual respect cratic spirit and personal practice with cultural and literary values. To lack a
and a world embracing human love.'' out which democracy here in Hawaii or knowledge of the history of the Jewish
the necessity of which Jesus so urgently elsewhere cannot live. people—a people that, not only more than
proclaimed. II. The second demand which Amer any other race, has inspired the world
The truth is, to be truly democratic ica makes upon her citizenship is. You with religious and moral idealism, but
one must be truly Christian. John must cultivate your mind. A democracy which gave to us Jesus Christ, the
Masefield in "The Everlasting Mercy" depends more than anything else upon supreme idealist of the human race, is to
reaches the heart both of democracy and an intelligent citizenship and for this be deficient in a knowledge of the source
of Christianity when he makes the newly reason America is committed to uni of those movements and aims that make
converted Saul Kane says: versal and complusory education. Now possible an understanding, Iwth of
"God has given me birth to brother to be intelligent means to learn to do modern history and modern life, to
all the sons of earth." In making love your own thinking, to study the facts of say nothing of ethics and religion.
and service the law of life and the life in terms of their effect upon human Moreover a system of education that
touchstone for all tests of character and welfare and to act accordingly. One lacks constant touch with the highest
participation in His kingdom Jesus em of my Night School pupils showed that sources of inspiration and thus fails to
phasized the one thing that alone makes he, at least, had entered into the spirit enrich and discipline the motives that
democracy possible. If, then, the prac of this demand for an intelligent citizen make for character-building is barren
tice of democracy like that of Christian ship by writing at the close of a paper : and unwholesome. We need sometimes
ity calls for the spirit of fellowship and "I am proud to say that I am on to be reminded that "it was always
service, surely America has the right to my way to become intelligent because I through enfeeblement of character," as
expect that every resident of Hawaii, have the common sense to go to night Le Bon says, "and not through enfeeble
whether Japanese, Chinese, Filipino. school regularly." ment of intelligence that the great peo
Hawaiian or Haole, since democracy has Many of the Japanese and other ples disappeared from history."
nothing to do with color or race, shall orentials because of restricted naturaliza No one insisted more than Jesus on
recognize the obligation to be American tion have had to do some serious think the union of intelligence and character.
in this respect. ing on the question and hence often "Ye shall know the truth," He said to
To pay lip-service to democracy and show a far more intelligent understand His disciples, "And the truth shall make
to prate about democratic ideals is not ing of the fundamentals of citizenship you free." "Do men gather grapes of
enough. Salutes to the flag, the wearing than many of those who because of thorns and figs of thistles?" "If ye do
of American clothes, the acceptance of birth, have been able to take citizenship * * * ye shall know." These are some
American customs—these are all exter for granted. 1 Fere is a characteristic (Continued on next page)
nals, formalities, and do not touch the utterance of a Japanese boy :
heart of the matter. In truth they may "I am, as far as I am concerned
l>e nothing more than the expression willing to be a good American citizen. Bereft
of a pious sentimentalism. It is the As a matter of fact people of my race OH YES! T know! The world goes round
spirit of democracy that quickeneth and are now considered as Japanese. But as is its wont
giveth life and it is the spirit of democracy Stars rise and set ; birds sing their songs of
the time will come when we Japanese praise to God ;
that Hawaii's varied and picturesque shall be called American as well as the The Golden Shower hangs out its banners to
population must seek to achieve and others." the sun ;
Friends come and go with smiles and sympa
understand. Our oriental friends par A boy who feels that way is on the thy divine ;
ticularly must be helped to understand road to intelligent citizenship. This world of ours is orderly and beautiful.
that parental control of the marriage The question has arisen lately, as to Yes! Yes! I know! I'm oh, 'tis nol the
same to me !
of young people, the habit of regarding whether a really intelligent citizenship is
women as more or less inferior to man. possible without a knowledge of the Hope
the class spirit which draws lines of Bible. Carlyle accounted for the rugged OUR hearts refuse to say that he is dead.
cleavage and the unwillingness to par and thoughtful character of the Scotch Who sleeps the last undreaming sleep.
ticipate in the practical duties of citizen people by saying they had been brought But that it was Good Night ! And in some
happier clime
ship and to those community hopes and up on generations of oatmeal and Calvin He wakes, and waits to j;ive ms k'-'nI k<><><1
community responsibilities are all things ism, i. c, they gained their strength morning cry
which a Christian democracy cannot because they were compelled by an ad Of welcome, when we too shall sleep and
wake with him.
tolerate. verse environment to live on the diet of SankwdH. Dor.E.
 THE FRIEND June, 1922
134

Christianity and Americanization an American heart, who loves America, but as Americans we welcome the con
(Continued from page 133) who shares her impulse for liberty, tribution that all races may make to
of the Master's sayings in which He glories in the heroisms that have made the growing fraternity of world-life.
urged men to think constructively and her great, will guard her institutions, For to realize our heritage means the
to seek truth experimentally. Christian hold sacred her flag, and who while enthronement in the world not only of
that sort of government which is of the
ity scorns the shackled mind, but exalts its broad beams and bright stars pro
people, by the people, and for the
the humble mind that wishes to know claim that a new day is dawning for
the world, will live and if need be die, people, but the enthronement of those
in order to help and advance the cause
in the effort to realize for the Amer graces and that spirit of service that
of human happiness. It is no strange
Jesus so splendidly exemplified and
thing therefore that education is most ican people, the glory of their in
heritance and to hasten the triumph of which we have come to associate with
favored in those countries where
idealism and the redemption of life." Christian character. To love America in
Christianty is most influential.
III. The third demand which Amer "I have come," says Jesus, "that men this sense is not to shout "America
first," it is to help America serve the
ica makes upon her citizenship is—You might have life and that they might
world. And he who in the spirit of Christ
must base your judgments of personal have it more abundantly." And in ac
worth not upon birth or wealth, but cordance with this ideal and purpose puts on the yoke of service, will not
America flings forth her message to only dwell in the midst of abundant
upon character.
America places the highest esti day to those who would come into the consolations, but will find
mate not upon blue-blood, but upon reach of her sheltering strength. Be " as time takes him.
red-blood. Our heritage demands that democratic, be intelligent, grow a char This new thing it gives.
the only nobility we recognize is the acter. We are a nation of many races, Even love, the beloved Republic
nobility of strong and earnest souls. tribes, kindreds, peoples and tongues, That feeds upon freedom and lives."
How wonderfully in harmony this is with
the spirit of Jesus ! There are those, of
course, who think because their an The Government of the Territory of Hawaii
cestors came over on the Mayflower that
By Henry P. Judd
they have a monopoly on the name
American. There were Hebrews in the (Continued from last month) or amendment by the legislature of
days of Jesus who thought so highly The organic act which constituted our Hawaii or the United States Congress.
of their blood and caste that they re present territorial government consists Section 7 contains a list of civil laws,
garded themselves as the Elect of God. of one hundred and four sections. It penal laws and session laws of the
But Jesus challenged their presumption. was based on the constitution of the Republic of Hawaii and the laws of
"Think not," He said, "to say within Republic of Hawaii and adaptations were Hawaii which were repealed, as they
yourselves, 'We have Abraham for our made wherever necessary to conform were inconsistent with federal laws.
father,' for I say unto you that God is to federal statutes. Certain offices had necessarily to be
able of these stones to raise up children In Chapter One, General Provisions, abolished and amendments made to of
unto Abraham." And to those who the Territorial government was es ficial titles. Provision was made for
pride themselves on being American and tablished with its capital at Honolulu. continuing litigation in favor of or
yet who are destitute of the American All who were citizens of the Republic against the Republic of Hawaii in the
spirit. Jesus would say today, "God is of Hawaii on August 12, 1898. the date name of the territory.
able of Japanese and Filipino to make the American flag was raised over the
Chapter 2 on the legislature is the
better Americans." executive building in Honolulu, were longest chapter of the act. It begins
Real Americanism implies much more declared to be citizens of the United
than the accident of birth. Being born on States and of the new Territory. All with a definition of the legislative
American soil does not make one an .American citizens who were resident in power. This consists of two houses, the
American in the honest sense. "History, Hawaii on or since August 12, 1898, senate and the house of representatives.
tradition, constitution, and law." as Dr. and all the citizens of the United States Provision is made for holding general
Aked says, "contradicts that presump elections and for judging the qualifica
who should thereafter reside in the tions of members of each house. No
tion." With a large hospitality, he adds : territory for one year should be citizens
"This nation tells the people of Europe of the territory. The Constitution and members of the legislature shall during
and of other parts of the world that after all the laws of the United States not the term for which he is elected, be
a residence of five years and after pass appointed or elected to any office of
locally applicable and with certain ex
ing the most elementary examination ceptions have the same force and effect the territory. This section 16 was the
they may become Americans, entitled to in the territory as elsewhere in the storm center a few years ago of lively
all the rights of American citizenship United States, provided that sections discussions in re the eligibility of
Messrs. Kumalae and Pacheco, members
and all the splendors of the name * * *. 1850 and 1890 of the Revised Statutes
1 !e who is born an American may be of the United States shall not apply to of the House and Senate respectively.
as candidates for the board of super
less an American than one who is not.
the territory. visors. The dispute as to whether
* * *. If you are narrow, reactionary,
The laws of Hawaii not inconsistent the position of supervisor could be con
unsympathetic, with no passion for free
dom in your soul and no love of human with the Constitution or laws of the strued as being included in the phrase,
kind you are no American. He is an United States or the organic act were "any office of the Territory of Hawaii."
American, wheresoever born, who has to continue in force, subject to repeal The organic act preceded the formation
June. 1922. THE FRIEND 13:

of county government several years, it The Golden Sea of Glory1

will be remembered. (Concluded from page 126)
The ineligibility of government of
dangers seen and unseen—and like the
ficers and employees to election to the
fishermen I saw that entrancing morn
legislature is provided for. Idiots, in
ing, we are permitted to rest for a sea
sane persons, persons expelled from the
son in the golden sea of his quietness
legislature for giving or receiving bribes,
and peace.
or being accessory thereto, or persons
convicted of any criminal offense pun But the simple lesson of that blue-
ishable by imprisonment for a term ex flecked sea of gold did not close here.
ceeding one year, cannot register to I thought of the imperishable future.
vote or vote or hold any office in the When the voyage of life shall, have al
territory, unless the person so convicted most ended, and the struggle and the
shall have been pardoned and restored weariness will have ceased, there shall
to his civil rights. remain for God's faithful children the
The oath of office of members of the heavenly vision that John wrote of—
legislature and all officers of the gov "the sea of glass mingled with fire."
ernment is set forth. The selection of As the little boat I beheld outside of
officers of the houses, the determination Honolulu harbor that iridescent morn
of their rules and the keeping of a ing quietly rested on the radiant wa
journal are provided for. ters, so will God finally and forever
Such matters as the quorum, punish encompass us with perfect safety and
encircle us within His golden glory. "They shall renew their strength; they
ment of persons guilty of disrespect to
shall mount up with wings as eagles;
either house, compensation of members,
they shall run, and not be lueary and
their punishment for disorderly be
The Japanese Problem in Hawaii they shall walk and not faint."
havior or neglect of duty, their exemp
tion from liability before any other tri (Continued from page 131)
of children who crowd the schools, but IT is Isaiah who gives us this hearten
bunal for any words uttered in the ex
ercise of legislative functions and ex as a rule this prejudice is soon dropped ing vision of Robert Wilson Andrews.
emption from arrest are defined. and the teacher is caught by that pecul To have known him in the days when,
The organization of the Senate and iar fascination of these bright-eyed, the end near at hand, his physical
its membership, provision for vacancies, teachable youngsters that workers among handicaps were great, was to feel vast
the division of the islands into the four non-white races almost invariably ex pity. To think of him now, 'with
senatorial districts and the qualifications perience. Children of all races attend strength renewed, mounted up with
of the senators embrace sections 30-34. the public schools the year round with wings as eagles' is to rejoice in his
Similar sections follow regarding the bare feet and generally bare heads, the liberation, is to know that the patient
composition and functions of the House long jet-black tresses of the Japanese beauty of his face presaged that which
of Representatives. girls forming a most beautiful picture, was to come.
In this chapter there are also several as, dressed in clean white, they crowd up The son of a pioneer mission family,
sections under the sub-title "legislation" the school steps or throng the highways. Mr. Andrews was the embodiment of
that concern the sessions of the legisla The school system of Hawaii is a that rare virtue which men call sim
ture, the enacting clause of all laws, the remarkably effective one, and the public plicity and that mental breadth which
legislative proceedings being conducted schools of the mainland could well adopt is greatness and nobility in one. His
in the English language, the title of many of its features. The assembly of personality radiated peace and where-
laws, the reading of bills three times on the Hawaiian school is the school lawn, ever he went, with whomsoever he came
separate days, certification of bills and and when for the first time I saw serried in contact, his quiet charm, his friendly
their signature by the governor, the veto ranks of children, mostly brown and nature and abiding faith made them
of the governor and procedure upon light yellow, with here and there a selves felt. One of the best informed
receipt of veto, failure to sign or veto, flaxen-haired Caucasian, all bowed and men of the present century in things
the matter of appropriations biennially, singing the Lord's Prayer to the tune Hawaiian and matters of general in
the legislative power— (section 55, of of "Home, Sweet Home," for a few formation, Mr. Andrews' opinion was
unusual importance), and the possible moments I did not see anything—the constantly sought. As Recorder for
creation of counties, and town and city tears .would not stay put. When I re the Hawaiian Mission Children's So
municipalities. called that by far the majority of these ciety, a position which he had held for
The remaining sections of the chapter children came from homes thoroughly several years, he combined the quali
deal with the matter of elections, i. c. pagan, the contrast of the school life ties of a picturesque figure uniting the
exemption of electors on election day, with the home could not be kept out of old days of Hawaii with the new, and
method of voting for representatives, mind. The public schools are doing a a highly efficient historian. Tourists
qualification of voters for representa great work for Hawaii, and Superin who visited the old Mission station
tives, method of voting for senators and tendent of Instruction, Vaughan Mac- never came away unsatisfied and with
qualifications of voters for senators and Caughey, should be allowed to grow old them as a haunting memory of the
in all other elections. in the service. Islands lingered the charm of a rare
(Concluded next month) (Continued on next page) personality. Mr. Andrews like his
136 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

Robert Wilson Andrews that smacks of hypocrisy, as one of them

(Continued from previous page) remarked to me, he generally refuses
to make any further reports to Japan,
father before him has left his imprint with the result that the head of the fam
upon Hawaii. It is a better Hawaii ily in Japan must pay an annual fine and
because of lives thus consecrated. bear the shame of having a scion who
The change came to Mr. Andrews on has apparently lost all sense of respect
the morning of May 19th. for his fatherland.
He was born June 8, 1837, in Hono If there is a class of young men any
lulu, the son of Rev. Lorrin Andrews where that need sympathy and kindly
and Mary Wilson Andrews, who were guidance it is the class to which refer
ence is here made. The matter, how
missionaries of the third missionary
ever, will never be properly adjusted un
party. His early education was at the
til America and Japan both agree that
Royal school, and at Punahou. under whenever a man elects to exercise his
K. G. Beckwith. rights of citizenship in one country, his
He served an apprenticeship in Wes citizenship in the other country shall au
ton's machine shop, now the Honolulu tomatically cease to exist. The adoption
Iron Works, under D. M. Weston, for of this plan by all nations would serve
three years, later going to New Eng to prevent much trouble.
land, and working in machine shops in Hawaii belongs to the United States,
Boston, Providence and Cincinnati. Mr. but an American state cannot be made
Andrews attended Miami University of employers and employees alone. The
( )xford, Ohio, graduating with the de independent middle class must be in the
gree of B. S. in 1862. He returned to Arthur Lloyd Griffiths, president emeritus majority, but the only way in which
Punahou Academy. Born September 16,
Hawaii in 1863, and was employed as 1878. Died in San Francisco June 12, 1922.
Hawaii will ever have a middle class will
sugar mill engineer at Wailuku, Ko- be by raising it. And that she is doing.
hala, Pahala, Papaikou and Hamakua- Including the Hawaiian-born, the Jap
poko at various dates between 1864 and Japanese Problem in Hawaii anese form 43 per cent of the 260.000
1882. (Continued from previous page) persons in Hawaii. Japanese families
But there is another side of this boy- are in an absolute majority. The native
From 1882 to 1889 he lived in Berke
and-girl problem. Children born of Hawaiian is disappearing.
ley, Calif., returning to Hawaii to be
Japanese parents are citizens of Japan, I am of the opinion that Hawaii has
come principal of the Kauai Industrial
no matter where they are born, just as everything to gain by the increase in the
school of Lihue, Kauai, which was at
is the case with American children born voting population by the coming of age
that time founded by the late J. K.
abroad. But Japan has conscription for of the Hawaiian-born young people of
Smith and others of that island. He military service. So when a citizen of Oriental parentage. Christian workers
was in the employ of the Ewa Planta
Japan becomes twenty years of age he and the public-school teachers generally
tion company in 1892 and 1893. He must either return to Japan for exami
was appointed deputy registrar of con support this view.
nation, or request postponement of such This rising tide of virile, industrious
veyances in 1894, under Thomas G. examination annually until he is thirty-
Thrum, holding this position for about youth of Oriental parentage needs lead
seven years old. Children born in ership, and needs it badly. Rut I do not
eight years, until failing eyesight com America are American citizens by vir
pelled retirement from active office believe that the social welfare program
tue of having been born on American being carried out at the expense of the
work. soil (which is not the case in Japan) Planters' Association is calculated to he
At the time of his death he was be and when they become twenty-one years of any assistance in the production of a
lieved to have been the oldest ex-em of age they may vote, and exercise all healthy American conscience among the
ploye of the Honolulu Iron Works. He the privileges of American citizens. Hawaiian-born of Asiatic parentage.
was one of the few honorary members That is, the boy of Japanese parentage, Any social welfare program that is not
of the Hawaiian Engineering associa unless he has been expatriated before his distinctly Christian in aim and conduct
tion. seventeenth birthday, must request is more likely to develop into a menace
Mr. Andrews' father was the author postponement of conscription, according than anything else.
of Andrews' Hawaiian Dictionary, and to Japanese law, and when he gets to be Soon the descendants of the Orientals
was head of Lahainaluna seminary, twenty-one he may vote according to will have the balance of power, and later
where he contributed largely to the American law. on have an actual majority, should they
education of Havvaiians, and where he This puts the young man born of Jap choose to vote as a unit. To fail to make
did much printing in the Hawaiian anese parents in America in a very pe good citizens out of the Hawaiian-born
language on the mission printing press. culiar and embarrassing position. His of Asiatic parentage would stamp the
Mr. Andrews is survived by his parents are compelled to remain citizens United States as criminally negligent, or
widow who is secretary of the Cousins' of Japan because of our peculiar natur hopelessly impotent—unequal to the task
Society, and by one son, Carl B. An alization laws and very naturally the boy of making good citizens out of good ma
drews, a member of the faculty of the is strongly influenced that way also. But terial simply because their parents are a
University of Hawaii. when he finds that he is playing a part little off color!
June, 1922. THE FRIEND 137

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138 THE FRIEND June, 1922.

The Church as a Community the spirit of service which was in

Christ and which must ever be in His
Servant church also. W. W. AHANA & CO.. LTD.
(Continued from page 128)
A friend of mine once placed over
room and down through the ages you the exit of the new church where he MERCHANT
will find there has been a social and was minister these words about Jesus : TAILORS
religious value in people's getting to "He went about doing good." And in
gether and eating together. In the hos explanation he said : "That is the test
pitality of the common meal comes of the whole matter—the music, the Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
deeper fellowship and good will. And prayers, the sermon—do people go out 62 King Street
by no means the least important ele into life from this church inspired to
ment in the equipment of this building Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
go about doing good?" I am sure this
is the beautifully appointed stage. Here beautiful building will have just that
will be a place for song and music— constant and quiet influence. People
for oratorio, and opera and orchestra. who gather here from time to time will Hawaiian Fertilizer Co.,
Come tonight and you will see the feel not only the beauty of architecture
fairyland of Shakespeare as the chil LIMITED
but also the spirit of service that
dren aiwl young people enact the "Mid prompted its erection as a tribute of
summer Night's Dream" before your loving memory and will, be inspired to
eyes. It is an auspicious beginning of HONOLULU
go out, in turn, as those who serve, to
a large use of the drama both as a go about doing good. So this parish SAN FRANCISCO
recreation and as an art interpreting house, standing here in its beautiful
some of the deeper meanings of life. Manufacturers and Dealers in Fertil
grove of trees, shall spread its influence
izers for Sugar Cane, Rice, Pine
1 would that I were able adequately throughout this lovely island.
apples, Coffee, Garden Truck, etc.
to express what is in my heart and in
your hearts of appreciation of these
dear friends who in their generosity
and public spirit have erected this
building. When they sought to build a
memorial to those they loved, they Our branch banks are as safe and as much a
chose this house, beautiful as the skill part of our bank as is our big office
and art, the sense of line and color, of in Honolulu.
the architect could make it and then set
it here to go on serving the community
through all the coining years. Over its
A dollar opens a Savings Account.
doors there is really written, though in
invisible letters, the words of the text
of this sermon: "1 am in the midst THE BANKOF HAWAII. LTD.
of you as he that serveth." This house BRANCHES
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The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Ridtng can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 1
THE FRIEND
The Children's Prayer
(Written for the International Sunday School Association Convention by the Rt. Rev.
Charles E. Brent.)

WE thank Thee, Heavenly Father, for the precious gift of children, the joy
of our life and the hope of the world.
We thank Thee for Thy sympathy with and love for the childhood
and youth of every age, declared in the victorious entrance into human
experience of Thy Divine Son, Jesus Christ.
We praise Thee for the Babe of Bethlehem, the Boy of Nazareth, perfection and
pattern of childhood in whom heaven and earth blend.
We thank Thee for the trust committed to us to teach and train the boys and
girls who, by the declaration of Thy Son, have a clear title to the kingdom of heaven.
Heavenly Father, we pray Thee for all the childhood and youth of our day,
whether in our own lands or in the farthest shores of earth.
Upon us who are at this time gathered in this great convention, to further thy
kingdom through the teaching of Thy Word, bestow, we pray Thee, Thy gracious
presence and guidance.
We pray Thee for sincerity of purpose, wisdom of mind and modesty of ex
pression in all our deliberations.
Bless our Sunday schools and multiply our opportunities until Thy truth is pro
claimed and taught from day to day in all places of learning throughout the world.
Give to teachers integrity of character and an understanding of the truth as de
clared in Jesus Christ.
To the scholars grant a desire to know and to do Thy will, that they may be
come Thy beloved children in whom Thou are well pleased.
We present this, our thanksgiving and prayer, to Thee, O Father, for the honor
of Thy Great Name, the advancement of Thy kingdom, and the enduring benefit of
our fellow men, through Jesus Christ, the children's Supreme Master and Teacher,
and ours. Amen.

"The Young Folks of Today Will Save the World if, notice
the "If" the Older Folks Will Give Them the Chance."
Margaret Slattery, at S. S. Convention.

HONOLULU JULY, 1922 HAWAII

146 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JULY, 1922. No. 7.

A Record Sunday School Meeting

A Report of the International Sunday ScKool Contention Association at Kansas City
By Edna J. Hill, Hawaii's Delegate

AT exactly 10:30 Tuesday, June 21st, "Let's stay that way and show Kan if the older folks will give them the
1922, Dr. W. O. Thompson, presi sas City that our red badge and a chance."
dent of the International. Sunday School smile go together." She isn't much concerned over the
Association tapped his gavel and silence And that was the spirit of the con girl's bobbed tresses and short skirts,
fell on the reverent gathering, — a vention, happiness and enthusiasm. nor alarmed by any lad's patent leather
gathering of all the Sunday School clan Every International Convention has hair; but she does admit that today-
of North American and provinces, over its "key-word" and the word selected has the wisest and most unafraid lot
5000 strong. A chord on the piano and for Kansas City was RE-ORGANIZA of young people the world has ever
the vast audience arose and sang the TION and it was well chosen for the known.
Doxology and Mr. William Hamilton. proposed merger of the International "We have denied our young people
vice president, gave the convention Association and the Sunday School the emotion that leads to spiritual ad
prayer—called a prayer for children. Council of Denominations was effected venture and discovery," she says. "Our
Thus was the greatest Sunday School and the new officers and committees young people go to some movies where
gathering ever held, opened. Dr. appointed to "carry on" for the new there is admittedly a low emotional ap
Thompson in his opening address voiced organization with Mr. Hugh Macdill, peal. They go to good concerts and
the sentiments of the convention when formerly president of the N. E. A., as respond to the appeal of fine music,
he said : its leader. an appeal to the higher emotions. They
"There is something, therefore, more A glance at the program gives one dance to jazz. The modern novel has
profound in the needs of the world the impression that a Sunday School is emotional appeal. And we have com
than material success. * * * The not just for an hour on Sunday for the pletely ironed out emotional appeal
banks and all. other organizations have children but an organization that is from the religious life of our children.
been pushed to their limit to maintain keeping abreast of the times. It is a I do not believe in hysterical experi
an economic balance. The church has long, long trail from the "Raikes' ences. But I do believe we should
maintained its attendance, the Sunday Ragged Regiment" as the first Sunday give religion a chance to appeal to the
school has regained its lost member School was called in 1780 where the emotions.
ship due to the war, the benevolent only requirements were a clean face, "The alarmists of today who are so
funds have increased, the support of the clean hands and combed hair to the afraid of young people stepping out in
local congregation has strengthened, program of today which includes Pub to a strange world should remember
and in every way today the outlook licity, Sort of facts a newspaper will that a very young man of Nazareth,
tor a progressive program of Chris use, Fine Arts, Worship, Making a born under the Roman empire and
tian churches of America is as bright Hymn Book live, Pageantry and Dram reared among the Jews, dared to pro
as it has been for a generation * * * atization, Correlation of picture and claim the brotherhood of man."
This convention, therefore, will be pre Music, Community plans, Organization,
Wayne B. Wheeler, general counsel
sented the two great issues before the Financing, Training, Missions, Temper
for the Anti-Saloon League, storm cen
Sunday schools, the evangelization of ance, Movies. Week day Classes, D. V.
ter of attacks by the wet element, threw
the youth and the adequate religious B. S., etc. down the challenge of prohibition to
education of the children of America." No department was neglected and
the convention. In his characteristic
Kansas City was hot, fearfully hot during the afternoons the delegates
manner, he introduced the subject by
but that did not hinder the convention were given the choice of the various
telling a story.
nor dampen the ardor of the delegates lines of work in which they were in
and when Marion Lawrance, beloved terested. The adults were told in no After the armistice Rastus wanted to
of every Sunday School worker in the uncertain terms to stop holding "de go home.
world was introduced, he looked at the bating societies" and to organize to "Captain," he said, "I want to go
vast audience and smiled one of his rare give more attention to applying the home. This here war is over. I only
smiles and said Bible and its teaching to modern life. 'listed for the war."
"Are we downhearted?" Miss Margaret Slattery won the The captain replied :
"No" came back the answer loyalty of all our modem youth by de "Rastus, you enlisted for the dura
"Is everybody happy?" claring "that the young folks of today tion of the war. The war may be over,
Yes will save the world if—notice the 'if— but the duration has just begun."
148 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

Everybody caught the point and from at Waipalui, our graded Sunday- School of 8th grade graduates of
all over the huge hall came the reply Schools of different nationalities, a American-born Orientals, Hawaiians,
"Right you are." Continuing Mr. Wheel cradle roll of Japanese babies from the etc. received perhaps the most interest.
er said Wailuku Japanese Church, our splen That Honolulu is doing this excellent
In the last eighteen months, despite did I). V. B. S., and our Dramatiza piece of work for these young Ameri
the fact that the period was the hard tions. The Honolulu Bible Training can people seemed a surprise to many.
est in years to enforce any kind of
law, prohibition decreased arrests for
drunkenness 50 per cent. Annual Meeting and Centennial of Kaxtfaiahao
Our enemies wouldn't believe our THE annual meeting of the Hawaiian cussed by Rev. Moses M. Kahiapo and
survey of results. They conducted one Evangelical Association was held in Dr. Albert W. Palmer. The second
to find that consumption of intoxicat Kawaiahao Church from June 27 to evening Hon. S. C. Huber addressed the
ing beverages had decreased 70 per July 2 in connection with the Centennial gathering on the subject, "The Chris
cent. celebration of that church. The at tian in the Community ;" the next even
Prohibition, was won by the orderly tendance of ministers and delegates was ing's topic was "Religious Education"
processes of government by the largest somewhat smaller than in previous and the speakers were Rev. John P.
majority that ever established a consti years, due largely to the heavy burden Erdman and Rev. Edward Kahale.
tutional amendment. It will stay as of travelling expenses, especially felt A noteworthy feature of the annual
long as the government exists. by those who live on the island of meeting was the singing of the church
Thirty wet organizations are fighting Hawaii. That island sent but four choirs. The climax was the song con
the amendment and the laws under it. Hawaiian ministers, though it was rep test between the Christian Endeavor
They are fighting congressmen who resented by the large chorus of the Societies of the Haili Church, the Paia
voted dry. But only one of 121 who Haili Church of Hilo, and by delegates Church, Kawaiahao, Kaumakapili, Ewa
stood right on prohibition lias been from the churches, Sunday Schools and and Kalihi-Moanalua on Friday even
defeated for re-election. Christian Endeavor societies. The Jap ing, June 30. In the opinion of the
The verdict of this greatest of all anese, Chinese, Filipino and Union judges the Kalihi choir was superior,
Sunday School gathering of leaders churches were represented in a fair Haili choir second, Maui third, Kau
and laymen is summed up in the con measure. makapili fourth. Certainly it was a
clusion that the CHURCH must awak The usual amount of routine business treat to have heard these various
en to the needs of her most important had to be transacted, the customary re musical organizations and to study the
field of labor for only through the ports of the Corresponding Secretary, differences in their style of singing and
Sunday School is the church sustained. the Treasurer, the Island Association, the effect on the audiences of the
The Sunday School must center its at etc., had to be read and approved. variety contributed by the singers.
tention on two great needs— There was discussion of several im These choirs were extremely generous
1 —The evangelization of its youth. portant subjects such as the Christian with their talents, for they sang not
2—The training of leaders and teach Workers' Institute, the support of the only several times during the sessions
ers. Dindigul Mission in South India, the of the annual meeting, but also for the
Therefore the Church must stand be need for a higher standard for the
benefit of various organizations in the
hind, encourage and support four ministry, a plan for a series of evangel
community. In this way was clearly
things istic campaigns during this coming justified the large expense involved in
1—The CHURCH school year on all the islands, the cooperation bringing the choirs to the city. To
2—Week day Religious Schools of all the churches in the good work have sung only at the Christian En
3—Daily Vacation Bible Schools of the Anti-Saloon League. Continued deavor contest would not have been
A—Community Training Schools support of the Dindigul Mission was wise or just.
Money is needed for all of these ac assured for another year by a pledge
tivities but a greater need is trained of three thousand dollars. Mr. Rich The social features of such an an
leadership. Leaders who will give of ards reported the raising of a little nual event loom up large in the minds
their ability and time to the evangeli more than that amount during the year and hearts of many from the other
zation and training the youth of today. since the last annual meeting in Hilo. islands. This year was no exception to
The call had been sent out nearly a Committees were appointed to plan for the general rule. There was oppor
year ago to all parts of North Ameri a higher standard for the admission of tunity for the interplay of good fel
ca and provinces to bring a practical ministers and for an evangelistic cam lowship, for the exchange of ideas, for
demonstration of the work being done. paign during the year. private interviews. The customary
Among the many who heeded the call Features of the week of meetings "Ministers Tea Party" was given on
was Hawaii. Twelve large display were the inspirational talks given each Thursday afternoon on the lawn be
cards were shown, each card illustrating morning just before the noon hour and tween the residence of Dr. Palmer and
the work done in, the various branches the addresses in the evenings. The Mr. Erdman. Kawaiahao church gave
of Religious Education and thousands morning talks were on various of the a social entertainment to the delegates
of delegates looked in surprise and Beatitudes and were given by Messrs. one evening. The Chinese ministers
wonder at our work among the Japa E. T. Sherman, W. A. Tate, f . C. Wil stayed at the Chinese Y. M. C. A. and
nese, Chinese, Koreans, Portuguese, Fil liams and R. G. Hall. The first even had a good time together. There were
ipinos, Hawaiians, etc. Especially were ing was devoted to the theme "The daily conferences for them ; the Jap
they interested in the community work Christian in the Home," which was dis anese ministers likewise had their own
July, 1922. THE FRIEND 149

conferences and discussed their most ing service was on the subject of Mr. Akana was re-elected moderator
pressing problems. "Rehabilitation," the address being and also treasurer of the entertainment
The Centennial of Kawaiahao church given by Governor W. R. Farrington. committee. The church has started a
was observed on Sunday, July 2. A after which Mr. Desha gave a transla campaign for funds to repair their his
large congregation listened to the his tion. The several choirs sang their toric edifice. The walls needs to be
torical address by the Rev. Stephen L. contest songs and concluded the formal strengthened and some of the lumber in
Desha, pastor of the Haili Church of part of the Annual Meeting in a most the gallery must be replaced in the near
Hilo. In the afternoon the sacrament satisfactory manner. future. Several thousand dollars must
of the Lord's Supper was celebrated, Next June Kawaiahao Church will be raised for the purpose and it is
with Rev. William Kamau and Rev. have the pleasure and responsibility of hoped that this sum will be obtained in
Howard N. Smith officiating. The even entertaining the Association once more. a year or so. H. P. J.

Friend Peace Scholarship Won By Hilo Boy

Response to First Competition in Territory is Notable
WITH the same motive impelling ted by Mr. Jisoo Sanjume, of McKin-
the gift—that of a better under ley High School, and given honorable
standing between Japan and America— mention by the committee follows. It
but offered for the first time this year is worthy of the perusal of all and is
to Japanese students of Junior and of itself an interesting exhibit in a
Senior High School grades who have current discussion based upon "assim-
resided in the Territory at least five ibility."
years, THE FRIEND PEACE SCHOL
ARSHIP has been awarded to George
Sakamaki of the Hilo High School. America and japan—Hawaii's
Responses to the announcement sent Part in Friendliness and Conflict
to High School principals early in the HAWAII, occupying a most unique
Spring were most gratifying. The sub position geographically, has with
ject chosen for this year was Japan in her power the determination of the
and America—Hawaii's Part in Friend relationship of two nations in either of
liness or Conflict. Essays of a high two ways—friendship or conflict. Ha
order, showing thoughtful consideration waii's responsibility, therefore, is not
of the subject were sent to the Scholar only vital but trying. The talk of
ship Committee. Indeed, the essays bringing about friendship between Ja
were so uniformly good, that had not George Sakamaki
pan and America is an absurd and idle
the qualities of character, leadership, one. in view of the fact that the two
for the contest," says Mr. Makino, "I
health, etc., entered into the decision, nations have always been friends. In
began to see as I had never seen before,
a most difficult task would have faced fact, that friendship first realized as a
the great responsibility and opportunity
the judges. result of Commodore Perry's friendly
of Hawaiian-born Japanese as Ameri
Mr. Sakamaki was president of the can citizens in cementing a lasting attitude towards Japan has been suc
Hi-Y Club and a leader in all student friendship between Japan and America." cessfully maintained ever since. When
activities of his school. Accompanying Japan was engaged in her most
his essay were recommendations of a The Scholarship Committee meeting
eventful war with Russia, it was Amer
very high character from the Y. M. C. for a final decision in Honolulu on
ica through Roosevelt who saved her
A. executive, the pastor of the First June 22nd, the day of the Hilo High from the losses of continued warfare.
Foreign Church and the Principal of School commencement, sent its de In. the recent ever-to-be-remembered
the high school. The way thus seemed cision by wireless to E. A. Brown, world's war, America and Japan worked
to clearly point to his selection. principal. The message was read dur shoulder to shoulder in friendly har
ing the commencement exercises and mony in subduing their common enemy.
A subsequent letter from one of his
was greeted by a storm of applause. What we are chiefly concerned with is
class mates and more significant still
an unsuccessful candidate for the schol Although the choice of several main not the bringing about of friendship but
arship, attests to his popularity with land institutions was the privilege of the continuance of that old friendship
his fellow students. The letter from the scholarship, notably Cornell, Colum on a more firm and sound basis. To
Mr. Kazumi Makino is quoted in full bia. Oberlin, Pomona and Whitman, wards this end Hawaii can either be a
in this issue. It shows a commendable Mr. Sakamaki elects to attend the Uni benefactor or a stumbling-block.
spirit in the face of personal defeat, versity of Hawaii. He will enter that To be frank that friendship that has
institution in the fall and his career
a deep gratitude for the opportunity been maintained between the two na
will be watched with great interest.
of having a part in the competition tions has been accomplished merely
and a valuable reaction to the subject The winning essay has been pub through diplomacy, and friendship
of the essay. "While writing the essay lished in the local press. That submit founded on that basis cannot be ex
 THE FRIEND July, 1922.
150
sit idly and merely stare at the rapidity denunciation of the entire Japanese,
pected to be firm and enduring. Some
with which their country is being pa and those who were optimistic enough
pessimistic, uncompromising politician
ganized just because they have to up to have hoped for the amicable settle
might with that disastrous weapon of
hold that traditionally sacred institu ment of the Japanese question in time
agitation shatter the dreams and efforts
tion of religious freedom? It is only to come, now gave up their hope. All
of sixty years of untiring negotiations.
natural that any true lover of justice of this was clue entirely to the agitators
As a matter of fact at the present time
and freedom should show repugnance or more accurately to the parasites who
agitation has more or less strained
when he sees every nook and corner of saw in a strike an easy source of in
that historic friendship. Real friend
his Christian land invaded by temples come. It is true they grew suddenly
ship, friendship of any lasting conse
where pagan rites are conducted. The fat and had so much to spare that they
quence must be founded on the solid
Americans who first landed on these simply squandered the public treasury ;
rocks of principle, of mutual under
shores were missionaries who sacrificed but look at them today behind iron
standing, of frank, unreserved sym
their lives to spread Christian ideals. bars, thin and disgusted, paying their
pathy. It is only through interior pres
Besides, the living conditions, manners, debts in trials, humiliation and disgrace.
sure, pressure of well educated Japa
habits, customs and ideals of the Japa It is a regrettable fact to state that of
nese in American territory that preju
nese are highly un-American. The Japa the second type there are very few.
dice, misunderstanding and agitation
nese are. we must frankly admit, slow Men of this type are unique. They can
could be removed. Exterior pressure
in assimilating the American manners, be pointed out from among the multi
and agencies will not remove but will
and because of this fact the Americans tudes of parasites. However, few as
tend to aggravate them. they are in number, their influence has
believed that the Japanese were entirely
Hawaii, like California has made a unassimilable. The fault lies in the been far-reaching. It might be said to
serious blunder in the past by giving fact that the Japanese are foolishly their entire credit that the salvation of
Americans untrue impressions of the consistent, little realizing that "a fool the Hawaiian Japanese from complete
Japanese as a whole, by having unedu ish consistency is the hobgoblin of unreserved condemnation from critical
cated immigrants as her representa little minds." Americans as a result of the late strike
tives in these islands. Long before an Continuance of those mistaken prac was due to their untiring efforts at
nexation to the United States. Hawaii tices on the part of the Japanese will conciliation.
had begun to be the "melting pot" inevitably mean misunderstanding, prej What we sorely need today is more
where men of all races and national udice and conflict. On the other hand, of those unselfish, public-spirited men
ities flocked together to enjoy not only the complete eradication of those fun who have backbone enough to
the scenic beauty and mild tropical cli damentally mistaken ideas will mean a stand firmly amid the shouts of "trait
mate but also the warm hospitality and closer friendship of real understanding. ors" and "dogs" to reform those who
genuine cosmopolitanism that these isl Let us discuss the terms of extermi have the antiquated idea that Japan
ands offered. Ever since that time equal nating those causes of constant conflict is the only nation existing under the
treatment and equal opportunity have and the inauguration of sincerely cor sun or that Japan is the only nation to
been the most notable characteristics of dial amity. whom allegience is worth paying. We
these islands. In marked contrast to One of the most admirable qualities need men to preach true Americanism
Japan's ignorant immigrants who did of man is that noble spirit of service. and carry into the dark heathen homes
not have the highly developed capacity It is the lesson of the ages that joy of the plantation, the ever-brilliant
to assimilate the customs and manners comes only to those who give joy torch of Christianity, not because Budd
of the Americans, America was repre through service to others. There are hism is bad in itself but because Chris
sented by her best element, the effi two kinds of service, namely the ser tianity is far better and superior to
ciently trained, judicious men. In their vice rendered for the sake of compen Buddhism. We need men who would be
eyes the evils of the Japanese were sation of material things and service able to shoulder the burden of harmo
fundamental and their eradication rendered with that true unselfish spirit nizing the Eastern and Western civiliza
seemed impossible. They began to of sacrifice, sympathy, and love for the tion by preserving the really fine traits
form difficult-to-be-effaced impressions uplift of humanity. The Japanese of Oriental civilization and readily rec
of the Japanese as people of stubborn community of Hawaii is being overrun ognizing and adopting the better traits
character entirely unassimilable and with the former type, who constantly of the Americans. We need men who
therefore dangerous and undesirable. harp on the figure of Service and who would be so clear-sighted as. to judge
The entire Japanese people were ac constantly invade the purses of the whether a cause is just or unjust and
cused and condemned for the wrong poverty-stricken laborers for huge sums after a sane decision, fight always to
doings of few of the unrepresentative as donations and contributions for the preserve that which is right, regardless
elements of the Japanese. To the Japa upbuilding of pagan temples, importa of the issue or of the interest involved.
nese such condemnation seems neither tion of pagan idols, and the support of We need men of sterling character,
just nor proper, yet from a purely entirely useless labor unions that only capable, straightforward and sincere.
American viewpoint, it is highly justi tend to kindle the dying embers of bit In fact we need the Hawaiian-born
fiable and is the natural and logical ter feeling between the two peoples. Japanese to stand forward as champions
outcome of constant investigation, con The late strike witnessed a marked of these undertakings, and realize that
tact and experience with the Japanese re change in the attitude of the Americans it is our duty and mission as Hawaiian-
siding in these islands. America has towards the Japanese. Those who had born Japanese to show what good, cap
been, a country of complete religious long cherished a bitter feeling against able citizens of the United States we
toleration but can the American people the Japanese now came out with open are.
July, 1922. THE FRIEND 151

To serve thoroughly and intelligent Honomu, Hawaii i.

ly, to be sound in judgment, and be July 6, 1922.
ever clear-sighted, cool and sane, we
need what we in these islands careless Friend Peace Scholarship Committee,
ly term education. Education is the Honolulu, T. H.
fundamental factor that would deter Dear Sirs:
mine the successful or the unsuccessful
outcome of any undertaking. The Many thanks for your commendation upon my
presence only of young, progressive participation in the Friend Peace Scholarship Con
Japanese in American institutions of test. Although I failed in the contest, I have at
learning has a marked influence in least the satisfaction of having participated in it
binding the two peoples together, be and done the best I could.
cause each understands and respects
the other. They are conscious only of I cannot help feeling proud in knowing that
one another's ability and never for a it was one of my classmates who won the Scholarship
moment do they let race, color or birth prize. I have the utmost confidence in George
hinder mutual respect. Although many Sakamaki and believe that he will live up to the best
are taking considerable interest in edu of your expectations and hopes. I know he will ac
cation as evidenced by the large per complish things which you will be proud of and which
centage of Japanese students in the will make you feel that your money has been well
various secondary schools of this ter expended.
ritory, many more do not realize the
wonderful opportunities these islands I am glad to know you and of your noble
offer in education and simply regard purpose in fostering friendly relations between
education a nuisance and a thing merely America and Japan, and in this you have my sympathy
forced upon them. Such mistaken no and cooperation, and you can trust me to do my best
tions should be speedily remedied, for
America, rich as she is, can ill afford
to aid you. While writing the essay for the contest,
to force education on sluggards. I began to see, as I had never seen before, the great
Finally when we are fully equipped responsibility and opportunity of Hawaiian-born
with the necessary training in. American Japanese as American citizens, in cementing a lasting
ideals and the spirit of service, our friendship between Japan and America.
real work in the community life begins.
Please extend my heartfelt appreciation to
"Americanization of the Japanese to the
core," should be our slogan and to rea the Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association
lize that, pleasure, wealth, reputation, in general for the confidence in the assimilability
nay, in fact everything should be will of the Christian American-born Japanese, as I know
ingly sacrificed. For in. Americanization from the open declaration which appeared in the
only lies the solution of the grave Advertiser of July 4th.
problems confronting us today. When
we step into the American community
With sincere appreciation of your efforts
life to do our part on equal footing for the cause of friendship between America and
with the Americans, we must conquer Japan and with the hope that your purpose will be
and subdue all the difficulties that may fulfilled, I remain
arise from time to time, like true pio
Yours respectfully,
neers. The far-sighted American peo
ple who have been worrying for the Kazumi Makino
last twenty years about the danger of
the control of politics in Hawaii by country our undivided allegience and so much dreaded today will be a thing
citizens of Japanese parentage for the loyalty. American democracy in its of the forgotten past, and the day will
interest of the Japanese people only, present form was built-up by the contri dawn when these islands will be a true
should be assured the genuineness of butions of various people who brought
"Paradise of the Pacific" not only in
our allegiance to America. We ought and laid their culture on a common altar.
Those very contributors are today the the sense that God-Nature has clothed
to assure them by action that such ab
ject partisan spirit as that of using our very back-bone of America. There is no her in green vegetation but also in the
privileged franchise so as to control the time more propitious than the present. noble sentiment of the people residing
affairs of this territory for the benefit Let us as Japanese people contribute our therein.. Cordial friendship between the
of any one class of people shall be an share to this great democracy. And two great nations bordering on the
obsolete term in the catalogue of our when that day arrives when the prob mighty Pacific would then be inevitable
intent. As a country of our fore lems of Hawaii are solved not as
Americans or Japanese but as human and these islands will be the insoluble
fathers, we owe Japan the admiration
and respect of a sincere friend, but as beings interested in the uplift of a tie that will forever knit the common
citizens of America, we owe the latter common, cause, then the conflict that is web of sincerely cordial amity.
152 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

statute (Sec. 175 et seq. Rev. Laws,

Re -Japanese Assimilability Hawaii, 1915). at an expense reaching
in aome cases to $50, to perpetuate the
Resolutions adopted by the Hawaiian Board at its July Meeting evidence of such birth, if witnesses can
now be found, which at best is only
(Drafted by a special Committee of pation in Hawaii's best Christian educa prima facie evidence.
Hawaiian Board members composed of tion, and then invited to take up the (Continued on page 153)
Mr. Theodore Richards, Rev. A. W. burdens and privileges of American
Palmer, and Rev. F. S. Scudder.) citizenship."
U STATEMENTS reported correctly
"We Knew Him!"
THE following resolutions were
Jo or not to have been made recent When we went into central China we
adopted by the board of the Hawai
ly in Washington prompt us to make learnt of an experience a colporteur had
ian Evangelical Association at its meet
the following- public declaration: had years ago. He was the only white
ing on Monday, July 3 :
"Because at a public hearing in man who had been in that section for
"The Board of the Hawaiian Evan
gelical association is the agent and Washington, criticism is reported to many a year.
have been made of our Hawaiian born When he began to read in the Chinese
mouthpiece of churches containing over
Japanese for failure to register as tongue from a book they pressed close
10,000 Christians of various racial ori
voters, we recommend that a public to him. He read the story of Jesus
gin in the islands ; 2100 of these mem
declaration be made of our understand healing a blind man, healing a lame
bers are Japanese. The association is
ing of the situation facing the Ha man, healing lepers, the lepers that
the evidence of a real union of peoples
waiian born Japanese in this regard. crowded their streets, disfigured and
of different history, customs and speech
"The difficulty confronting the Ameri dreadful. And they said suddenly, their
on one singularly practical, platform.
can born Japanese of Hawaii in as faces lighting up :
"Readily conceding that we have a
suming their full responsibility as "Oh, we know him!' He used to livt
long way yet to go toward the goal of
citizens of America is not easy for here. Our mothers and fathers have told
Christian brotherhood, we gratefully
us about him. He lived in a house
acknowledge distinct progress in that them to overcome.
"The first obstacle often arises over down the street. We know where he is
direction, and we reaffirm our faith in
proof of the fact of birth in Hawaii buried. His grave is here, we will show
a future deepening and strengthening of
it to you, teacher. When the great
the bond connecting all the racial units under the American flag.
"Since 1896, there has been a stat plague came, the rest left us, but he
in Hawaii. would not leave us. He gave us strange
"We have watched with sympathy ute making it the duty of the parent,
without cost to the parent, within 30 things out of a bottle. We took the
and pride the development of the Japa things, and were better. We had
nese children in our Christian schools days after the birth of a child, to
register the fact of birth with the offi babies ; they were blind. He washed
and churches. We have seen them eager their eyes, he made them well ; they
to get the best we have to offer of our cials of the territorial board of health,
with a penalty for failure to so regis could see. Oh, we know him very well !
American customs, education and in He has often walked down our streets
spiration, and we believe our future ter the birth, and making a certified
copy of such record competent evi and spoken to us when we were little."
civilization will not be jeopardized by The colporteur said : "No, that could
the contribution which these Christian dence in any court of the fact therein
contained (Sec. 1140 Rev. Laws of not be ! He lived in a land far, far
Americans of oriental stock are bring from here. He belonged to a different
ing to it. To this future we look for Hawaii, 1915). But because this law
has not been vigorously enforced by nationality."
ward with confidence and pledge every "No, sir," they, said, "you are mis
the territorial officials it is unknown to
effort to see to it that the Japanese taken. He was right here. Come, and
many residents of Hawaii and many
young people of Hawaii be given a we will, show you the grave !■"
parents have not sought its benefits.
generous Christian opportunity to make They went and saw the grave, and
this contribution. We have seen their Have Changing Outlook its inscription in English. They looked
capacity to love the ideals which the "Twenty years ago the Japanese in up the history of the town and found
best American citizens love and to Hawaii considered their residence the man they were speaking of was a
translate these ideals into practice. here a temporary sojourn. They saw British volunteer, a young medical man
With this as a definition of 'assimilabil no reason for preparing their children who had just completed his medical
ity,' we state our belief that the Chris for the responsibilities of American course, who had gone up the Yangtse
tian American-born Japanese are assim citizenship. Because of this and be six hundred miles, and broken into the
ilable in the American body politic. cause of their ignorance of the ter central and northerly interior and set
"We realize that the fact that many ritorial statute, many took no steps to tled down in this little town. The
of the Japanese here in the islands have record the birth of their children in plague at last had taken his life. And
hardly come into any contact with our any office other than that of the Japa away out there, after the years, when
best Americanizing and Christian influ nese consulate. they heard the words about Christ they
ences, constitutes a challenge not only "The result is that today it is not called out:
to the enlightened Japanese of Hawaii, an easy matter for many Hawaiian "We knew him ! He lived here ! We
but to ourselves. It is ours to see to born Japanese to prove that they were knew him well!"
it that Japanese youth are graciously born, under the American flag. They Told by Miss Slattery in Record of
and unstintedly summoned to partici are forced to use another territorial Christian Work.
July, 1922. THE FRIEND 153

Re -Japanese Assimilabilty young Christians of Japanese ancestry, inary of New York. While connected
(Continued from page 152) their importance of fulfilling their duties with the latter institution he acted as
"Again there has been a strong feel of Christian citizenship, including both Student Secretary of the Friendly Re
ing among many of the older Japanese voting and an intelligent and devoted lations Committee of the Y. M. C. A.
that their children, though born in participation in the civic affairs of the working among Japanese and Chinese
Hawaii, are still Japanese subjects and community." students. In this work he came into
in this view they are backed up by the direct contact with Mr. Paul Super,
present Japanese official interpretation Mr. J. A. Urice and Rev. A. A. Eber-
of the effect of birth outside the Japa An Hawaiian Recruit sole, former religious leaders in Ha
nese empire. The return of Rev. James Akimo to waii.
"Happily for us this feeling is being Hawaii adds to the forces of the Ha Mr. Akimo was ordained by the New-
displaced by the conviction that Ameri waiian Board a young man of excel Brunswick Presbytery April 24th, 1922.
can born Japanese should be regarded lent training for work in the Hawaiian, For the present he will supply some of
only as Americans entitled to certain department. the churches on Oahu.
definite rights under the American Mr. Akimo, a graduate of the Chris
constitution. Many prominent Japanese tian Workers' Institute, left Honolulu The Origin of a Modern Slang
in Japan are vigorously making the in 1917 for Hartford Seminary where Expression?
contention known there. he spent one year. In the spring of You beat your pate and fancy wit is
"Nevertheless, this still remains a 1922 he graduated from Princeton there.
difficulty which is faced by the Ameri Theological Seminary having previous Knock as you please, there is nobody
can born Japanese. Many of them re ly completed work at the Biblical Sem at home. Alexander Pope
ceive calls to return to military ser
vice in Japan. Some respond to these
calls, although American born.
Dual Citizenship
Through the Shops of Old Canton with Mrs. Mackenzie
"We recognize that this territorial A glimpse of the Canton Christian Col ness. The seeds and roots are used
lege, founded by Mrs. F. W. Damon's father
community is not responsible for this and of the missionary home in which Mrs. for food. The leaves are used for
unsatisfactory state of things so often Damon spent her girlhood days adds much wrapping, just as we use the Ti leaves
referred to as the anomaly of dual to the interest of this "personally conduc in Hawaii. I haven't yet found what
ted" tour. Since receipt of this manuscript
citizenship, and we have confidence that word has come from Mrs. Mackenzie that the stalks are good for, but surely for
enlightened interest of both our na during the annual vacation of the matron something, as nothing is wasted in
tional government in Washington and she is to preside over the "Door of Hope" China.
Mission. Doubtless this will prove another
the Imperial Japanese government at in a series of rich experiences in the We have to cross a large open field
Tokio can find a way out of the anom Chinese field. to reach the Fong Ts'uen Bund. You
aly which no doubt is just as irritat Fong Ts'uen, S. China will notice a large Compound to our
ing to Japan as it is fraught with pos June 3, 1922 right with a number of large brick
sibility of trouble for the United States. buildings. That is the "Mentals hospi
ARE you ready for our trip to the tal" as they say here. It is open to
"It is against these difficulties that
shops of old Canton? For there
the Hawaiian born Japanese have had the public at stated times and must be
is a new Canton rapidly developing ;
to contend in . asserting their rights a revelation to the Chinese of what
wide streets are taking the place of the
under the American constitution We consecrated Christian zeal combined
old crowded, narrow stone paved ones,
should view with sympathy any local with scientfic skill can accomplish.
and I know of three modern up-to-date
legislation possible which will afford To our left, some distance away, is
department stores with roof gardens,
to Japanese parents the opportunity of another large Compound enclosing still
moving pictures, restaurants, etc. An
recording in an American public office more brick buildings. That is a school
interesting thing about two of them is
the evidence now possible for them to for boys under the Presbyterian Board
that they close Sunday morning till
obtain under Japanese law of the ex of Missions. The grounds are large, and
one p. m., and have preaching in their
patriation of their American citizen boys can be seen playing volley ball,
large Auditorium. These stores have basket ball, etc.- There is a large
children, and should not hesitate to co
branches in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
operate as citizens with the American chapel on the grounds.
One of the managers in Shanghai told
Legion and other organizations which We could go on beyond that and see
me that they are hoping soon to have
are seeking to overcome the difficul a wonderful industrial school managed
the all day Sunday closing—not only
ties stated above. entirely by Chinese. They occupy a
for their stores, but for all of Nanking
"We desire to express our appre large building which was once used as
Road. A great forward step for China'.
ciation of the 970 who in the face of an ancestral hall. We could also visit
all difficulties have nevertheless regis But we must get started. As we pass the beautiful flower gardens through
tered as American voters, knowing as out of the Compound, you will want to which "Fati" gets its name (Flower
we do what the difficulties are. To them stop and look at the large lotus pond ground).
we say, yours is a big call to service, which is now arrayed in Spring-time As we reach the bund we can see
for there is nothing easy or supine in glory far exceeding Solomon's. The across the "hoe" (river) in. the distance
American citizenship. Citizenship in broad, green leaves spread out like fans, the buildings of the Canton Christian
America is a constant service. Par but the flowers push up to greet the College, which of itself would take an
ticularly do we urge in America upon sunshine, in pink and fragrant loveli afternoon to fully appreciate its many
154 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

activities along spiritual, industrial lines. who spend days and weeks on one erations, and still by the side of every
This school was stared by Mrs. F. W. lovely piece—beads, boxes, frames, nap shop and every house there is an altar,
Damon's father, and when we cross the kin rings, combs—everything ivory. and incense sticks are burning with
river we shall walk to the other side of We pass stores where brushes of smoke ascending to "gods" whose
"shameen" and stand for a few mo every description are made — tooth name is legion.
ments while I point out to you where brushes, hair brushes, etc. We see Tomorrow is Saturday, and I am
Mrs. Damon spent her girlhood and beautiful amber beads in a window and going to visit "The Door of Hope."
young womanhood days. If we were go in to exclaim and admire. We wish Indeed I am invited there to luncheon.
men we would uncover our heads as our pockets were lined with gold so It is a rescue work started here. I
we marvelled at the faith and courage that we could send our friends a beauti shall tell you about it D. V. when I
which would lead a man to establish, ful shining string, but it is a joy just return to dear Hawaii.
not only a mission, but a home on the to see such beauty. We would like to Only a few months more and then
very edge of one of Canton's crowded spend a lot of time in the brass shops for the land of Aloha !
water ways, with narrow streets leading where the beaten brass is carved so
back from the canal into the heart of delicately, and in the jade shops where
the city. Today the Christian College wheels are whirring and stones are
stands as a monument to the faithful turning as the jade is polished and
ness with which the work was carried shaped, for we see not only the finished
on amidst appalling difficulties. product on these busy streets, we see
We will just cross a bridge which things in the making which is even
spans that canal and enter one of those more interesting.
same narrow streets, which will lead us But we must hasten on to the em
to our objective point—the shops. broidery shops. First we visit a shop
Perhaps I said to you before that I where new embroideries are made and
can now understand why the Chinese sold. Such a gloomy entrance. There
who come from China are inclined to are very heavy wooden bars across the
walk single file. It would be impossible doorway. We rap and these slide back
to walk otherwise where the crowds are and we go through into an inner room
so great and streets so narrow. There where shelves are packed high with
are coolies stripped to the waist sweating embroideries of every kind, linen, silk,
and groaning under heavy burdens. etc. Whatever you ask for is brought
There are the chair carriers shouting for out and displayed on long, shining,
you to "move bodies" which you are black tables. There are pattern books
quite eager to do in order to escape sud from which a purchaser may choose
den destruction. If we could only stand and have goods embroidered to order,
long enough to enjoy the wonderful doilies, tray cloths, silk dresses, etc.
scene before us, how we would enjoy But we must not linger here too long
it !■ From every shop bright banners Rev. W. E. Clarke
if we wish to see the old embroideries.
flutter in the breeze—banners of red We come to a store where a sign in THE LONDON TIMES reports the
and gold, banners of blue and gold, good English tells us that old em death in England of Rev. W. E.
shop signs gaily gilded hanging over broideries from the pawn shops are Clarke, for many years' a missionary in
head. The people themselves in orien sold here. This store has a fascination Samoa.
tal costume would claim much of our for tourists who are generally brought Rev. Mr. Clarke was in Honolulu in
attention had we time. The better class there by guides. Again we see the 1920 as a guest of the Hawaiian Mis
men are all wearing long, white linen shelves piled high with coats, skirts sions Centennial. He was then en
coats and men, women and children, and all sorts of things. They pile route to England.
carry fans (we are having warm wea these things out upon the tables in be He spoke little of his own work,
ther now and most terrific thunder wildering confusion. I want them all, though those who have more or less
storms). At the end of this street but leave it to my friends who are intimate knowledge of it declare it to
there is an old temple which tells us with me to do the purchasing. A be one of the most sacrificing and fruit
we must turn down a side street. This Missionary said to me the other day, ful endeavors in the missionary realm
street is somewhat wider, and for quite "There's no use, Mrs. MacKenzie. you of the South Seas. He delighted, how
a distance there is nothing but silk will not be content unless you take a ever, to talk of his friendship with
shops. Then we pass store after store Chinese village back with you." That Robert Louis Stevenson. Between the
where fans are made and sold. One is about it. Here and there and every lines of his narratives it is not diffi
store has feather fans, the next sandal where in China things are so wonder cult to read that the noble sacrifice
wood, the next embroidered ones—fans, fully interesting. But we must turn and intelligent service rendered by this
fans, fans, of every shade and kind. away from the shops and come back isolated missionary and his wife was
Then we come to the ivory shops again through the crowded streets. We responsible for Stevenson's conversion
where men are patiently chiseling and have "seen garments which were worn from a caustic critic of missionary
carving such beautiful things. We go fifty and sixty years ago. We walk work to a whole-hearted supporter of
from one to another of these stores back over streets which have been those things for which the workers in
and wonder at the patience of the men trodden by countless thousands for gen the Mission Compound stood.
 July, 1922. THE FRIEND 155

The tie of friendship between these teen of the eighteen provinces of China ful of the apostolic precept regarding
two was close and both felt themselves proper. strangers, I turned in to offer them
to be the richer for it. Mr. Clarke's Some of the' Christian colleges of such service and civility as I could
name appears often in Stevenson's let China are each responsible for as many render. The tall man gravely thanked
ters. as thirty schools. Students in these col me, told me his name was Stevenson,
leges not only do the teaching without and introduced me to the lady, his
salaries but raise the funds for ma wife; the younger man was Mr. Lloyd
Vacation Schools are Doubled terials, etc. In several instances finan Osbourne. He refused my invitation to
A through passenger on the Taiyo cial help was refused, the young col dinner, saying that they were arranging
Maru for the mainland, Dr. R. G. lege students priding themselves uppn a friendly dinner at the hotel to the
Boville brought inspiring news of the their ability to handle the situation un captain and mate of the little vessel
progress of Daily Vacation. Bible aided. on which they had voyaged, but they
Schools in China. These schools dou Dr. Boville travelled more than a agreed to dine with us the next day.
bled in number this summer, there be thousand miles visiting colleges from They came, as arranged, on the fol
ing six hundred in operation in four North to South China. lowing day, and I was interested to find
my guests educated and refined gentle
folk. They told me that they were
Robert Louis Stevenson in Samoa travelling for the sake of Mr. Steven
son's health, and that, they were so
By Rev. W. E. Clarke enamored of the beauty of Samoa, and
the poetry and charm of the island
MY recollection of Stevenson dates WORSHIPPERS in a local church life, that they meant to sojourn for
from the day of his first arrival who hear frequently and with in some months before returning to civi
in Samoa. I remember it well. A creasing appreciation that prayer beginning, lization. A small four-room cottage
gorgeous tropical morning ; the sun "We beseech Thee, Lord, to behold us near the mission house, was therefore
relentless ; the trade wind sweeping with favor, folk of many families and na rented, and they started housekeeping
across the bay; the white surf leaping tions gathered together in the peace of this in a very primitive and Bohemian fash
over the reef in clouds of glistening roof * * *" will appreciate a knowledge ion.
silver ; the two giant palms which mark of conditions under which it was written.
the approach to the mission compound We saw a good deal of them during
The fact that the author did have "folk
arching and creaking in the gale, their these days, and it was thus that our
of many families" gathered under his roof
friendship began. Every day I con
plumes crackling like the rattle of mus and that the prayer was written to read
ketry. A little vessel was fluttering ceived a greater liking for our new
aloud in his family the evening before his
into port ; it skimmed swiftly across friend ; the ardent interest he displayed
death is brought out by Mr. Clarke in the
the bay, and presently dropped anchor in all he saw was so boyishly fresh
accompanying article on Robert Louis Ste
amid the small flotilla lying at rest. and unrestrained, his fund of knowledge
venson in Samoa.
An hour later, making my way along and quickness of repartee so varied, and
While in Honolulu as a Centennial visi
the play of feature and expressiveness
the "Beach"—the sandy track on the tor, Mr. Clarke wrote reminiscenes of
of gesture in conversation so alluring
sea front with its long, straggling line "R. L. S." for The Friend, portraying
that my liking for him speedily de
of stores and saloons—I met a little that whimsical character with the apprecia
veloped into a strong affection.
group of three European strangers, two tive pen of a personal friend. The article
men and a woman. The latter wore a which he did later for the Yale Review One evening as we were sitting to
loose native gown, a brilliant plaid mirrored still other sides of his nature. It gether on the veranda, the conversa
shawl across her shoulders, a Gilber- is good literature and withal most fascinating tion turned on the strange fascination
tese straw hat, its crown encircled with reading. It is this article which we quote that the unusual and horrible has for
strings of shells, a necklace of scarlet in this issue. most of us in fiction. Stevenson re
berries ; across her shoulders was strung marked that he himself enjoyed it, and
a mandolin. I noticed that her hair undress uniform of most European trad that when he took an excursion into
was jet-black, her face browned and ers in those seas, a broad-brimmed, the region of the dreadful, Edgar Allan
burnt by the sun. She wore large cres slouch straw hat, dark blue sun spec Poe had a grim fascination for him.
cent gold earrings, and her bare feet tacles ; he carried a banjo in one hand, I replied that I had recently read a
were encased in white canvas shoes. a concertina in the other. They had evi modern story, "The Strange Case of Dr.
The central figure of the group was a dently just landed from the little schoo Jeqyll and Mr. Hyde," which had so
tall gaunt man in shirt sleeves, with a ner now lying placidly at anchor, and my enthralled me by its psychological in
brown velvet coat flung over one first impression was that probably they sight and fearsome climax that I had
shoulder, a white broad-peaked yacht were a party of vaudeville artists en sat up reading through the night, un
ing cap, white flannel trousers, once route to Australia or the States, com able to leave it till the finish. "By
clean, a cigarette in his mouth, and a pelled by their poverty to take the cheap the way," I remarked, "it was written
camera dangling on its strap in one hand. conveyance of a trading vessel, and ex by a namesake of yours ; have you
He turned on me a pair of singularly ar ploring ashore while the vessel was de read it?" "Yes," he said, "I have not
resting and penetrating eyes as he tained in port. only read it, but I wrote it before I
passed. A younger man walked by his Returning later, I espied them on the read it, and dreamed it before I wrote
side, clad in a striped pyjama suit, the veranda of the little "hotel," and mind it." Thus I learned for the first time
156 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

that my new friend was a well-known fragment of the domestic duties, re Let Georgie come up the finest way
and distinguished figure in the world ceiving in return, not wages, but a With Mr. and Mrs. S. to stay ;
of literature. "present." They attend the mission And the uncompromising lad
The glamour of the islands fell upon school, learn some of the amenities Will be the second guest we've had.
R. L. S. as it does upon so many ; and of civilization, and have a daily object Who was the first? I have forgot,
soon we heard that he was in treaty lesson in the life of a Christian home. Who'll be the next? It matters not.
tor the purchase of land away up the From a missionary point of view this But here ! Carve an enduring mark
mountain-side, and that he intended is an admirable arrangement, except In honour of Master Georgie Clarke.
to erect there a bungalow workshop, that it demands an infinity of patience "R. L. S."
making a permanent home in Sydney and tact and self-denial on the part ot
and taking frequent journeys there for the missionary's wife. But it is easy We were glad to accept the kindly
rest and enjoyment. The land was to see how unsuitable it was for the invitation, but preplexed how to con
bought, clearing begun, a contract Vailima family, knowing nothing of vey a child, not yet three years old, to
the language or of native habits, to Vrailima. The "Road of the Loving
signed for the erection of the bunga
low, and R. L. S. left in the mail have a staff of servants who regarded Heart" was not then made, and the
boat for Sydney to make arrangements themselves as the children of the house ascent to Vailima was over a rough
there. But at Sydney illness again hold, who did not know even the uses and stony track. Ultimately the prob
overtook him, and on his recovery he of a cup and saucer, and who had to lem was solved by tying a small chair
hastened back to Samoa. His plans be taught their duties through the me on to his box of clothes, and lashing
were changed ; he would make Samoa dium of an interpreter. a bamboo on either side. Enthroned
his home, build a larger house, and With some difficulty I obtained for on this extemporized palanquin, the for
live in the bungalow till this house was Stevenson a "family" of boys only, tunate little lad was borne shoulder
completed. At that time there was only whose parents were willing to ally high by two stalwart native youths, and
a foot track up the mountain-side, and themselves with the new "chief" ; it escorted by his nurse, made a trium
all the timber and materials had to be was only his friendship with "Misi" phant entry into Vailima, the oddity of
taken up on pack horses. R. L. S. that made the idea possible. They the cortege causing huge delight to his
imported a couple of fine animals to soon settled down contentedly, however, kind host, and the unheard of presence
supplement the sorry island cattle, and and the whole Stevenson household con of a child in the house making a flutter
in this slow and laborious fashion all spired to spoil them. Their naivete, among the ladies. Young George en
the material for the Vailima house was self-complacency, and grotesque blun joyed a month of delight at Vailima.
painfully transported. A sumptuous ders, were a perpetual delight to R. returning home with an elaborate testi
mansion in a civilized land could have L. S., and the idea of these family re monial written by R. L. S., setting
been, erected for half the cost, but tainers no doubt appealed to the clans forth the general excellence of his be
R. L. S. was full of pleasure and en man in him. At any rate, he main havior "with the exception of a certain
thusiasm in the adventure, and every tained his "family," although he found lordly indifference to the sanctities of
day he came down to the mission house it necessary to supplement them with family worship to be deplored in one
on his gray horse "Jack" to recount competent labor for the upkeep of the who was being brought up amongst the
their latest experiences. Very ludicrous rather large establishment. religious privileges of the mission
some of them were, and to most people Soon after the Vailima house was house."
many of them would have been most completed, Apia suffered a visitation It must not be thought from the fore
vexatious and annoying, but he always of typhoid and diptheria, and Mrs. going that R. L. S. at the time of his
related them with infinite gusto, and Stevenson came down one Sunday to arrival in Samoa identified himself in
with a keen appreciation of their hu find us busy in the dispensary. The any way with the missionary work we
morous side. next day brought the following char were there carrying on. His attitude was
A good many of the domestic diffi acteristically whimsical letter with an dispassionately critical.'and in those early-
culties of the Stevensons resulted from invitation for my son : days it never obtruded in our conversa
a determination to model the estab "My dear Clarke: My Mother re tion. I was absorbed in my work and
lishment after the fashion of a mis ports your throat visitation—upon which indifferent to his opinion. But one day
sionary household. A missionary in I have to remark with iron sternness when he expressed a desire to see the
Samoa ranks as a high chief. It is that Georgie and his nurse have to native life more intimately than was
customary for the subordinate chiefs come here. In the first place you know possible in the Apia township, I sug
in a native village to present one or it will do the child good. In the sec gested that he might accompany me on
more of their sons or daughters to the ond place if he goes anywhere else I a journey I was about to take along
ruling chief for adoption. These young shall never forgive myself, and I don't some forty miles of the coast, to in
people take the name and status of know that I shall be able to forgive spect a portion of the district under
their adopted parent, and are treated you ; and in third place it has got to be. my charge. He eagerly accepted the in
in every respect as veritable children I am, vitation, and each day, while I was
of the family, succeeding in some in "Yours imperatively, examining schools and holding meet
stances even to the title. Following "Robert Louis Stevenson ings, he roamed through the villages
this custom, the English missionary has "P. S. All your objections having with his camera, and accompanied me
usually a "family" of twelve or four thus been answered further discussion to the village guest house in the even
teen adopted "children," young men and were manifestly childish. ings to meet the chiefs, and participate
women each of whom assumes a small "So then on the appointed day- ( Continued on page 157)
lulv. 1922. THE FRIEND 157

the missionary has been the leader. will not then be regarded by the Chinese
A New Leadership Missionaries have been dominant in all so much as a foreign institution, neither
By Henry H. Kelsey plans and procedure. The Chinese have will the church when Chinese managed
A. B. C. F. M. come to feel keenly that the time has have a foreign name as "Methodist" or
ON June 19th Pomona College at arrived when no longer can the Chinese "Baptist South" or other American de
Claremont, California, honored it church be regarded as the infant and nominational label. The Chinese want
self and did a distinct service to the the missionary the nurse. Happily, a church that will be simply Christian
world when it gave the degree of Doc this sentiment so expressed at Shang and when these trained, able Chinese
tor of Laws to Fong Fee Sec, one of the hai was unanimously approved. The leaders really lead they will have it.
foremost men of China. In presenting da/ the missionaries have worked and
prayed for has come. The churches In men like Dr. Fong Sec is the hope
Dr. Fong for his degree. Judge Hahn of
are now rapidly becoming self-support and very great cheer of the present
Los Angeles quoted Dr. John R. Mott
ing and self-governing. Initiative and missionary situation in China, not only
as having said that Dr. Fong had done
leadership will be gradually transferred for the very rapid increase of the na
more than any individual or any insti
tution to spread Christianity in China. to native pastors. We expect and pre tive churches but for the large develop
dict that these churches will increase in ment of Christianity in the life of a
Dr. Fong Sec is the President and
membership astonishingly. The church great Christian Republic.
Editor in Chief of the English Depart
ment of the Commercial Press of
Shanghai, all Chinese owned, the larg
est publishing house in China having
a $5,000,000 capital and employing 4000
men. He has also for years been the
chairman of the Chinese National Com
mittee of the Y. M. C. A.
Forty years ago Dr. Fong Sec came
to California in a between-decks pen of
a coolie laden ship, a frail delicate boy.
He was knocked about and suffered
with the Chinese boys of that day till
he was converted in Sacramento at a
Salvation Army Street Service. Pro
tected by the Army and helped by
friends he finally reached Claremont
and was the»e prepared for college by
four years of hard study. After one
year in Pomona he went to Berkeley
where he could substitute the study of
Chinese for a modern language that he
might fit himself for a service life
among his own people. He took his
B. A. at Berkeley, his M. A. at Colum
bia and then went back to China to National Christian Conference of China held in Shanghai May 2-11, attended by 600
teach and by his ability and industry Chinese delegates, 500 missionaries and 100 visitors from abroad. Photo furnished The
was advanced to his present notable Friend by L. R. Killiam.
position and leadership.
Robert Louis Stevenson in Samoa which are the "mission field" of our
The rise of such a commanding
(Continued from page 155) native church, he frankly told me that
Christian leader among the Chinese is
he had made a most careful enquiry
one of the most significant and charm in the ceremonial kava-drinking and
into the religious and educational work
ing facts of these years. Year by year speech-making which Samoan etiquette carried on in those islands by our na
2000 picked Chinese youth are being requires. tive Samoan missionaries, and that he
graduated from our American Colleges
He took the opportunity also not was deeply impressed by its value and
and Universities and returned to lead
only to inform himself most thorough quality.
in the creation of a new China. Sev*
eral times this number are being gradu ly in our school organization, even in We discussed together a number of
ated from Christian Schools in China specting most carefully the children's criticisms he had made, some of them
and their presence in the political, edu work, but to learn our church system ; of value, but a far larger number, as is
cational and church life of the nation is he interviewed many of the chiefs and so often the case with missionary critics,
being increasingly felt. native pastors, and always paid a visit the result of too hasty generalization
At the China Christian Conference to the local trader and ascertained his and imperfect knowledge of the native
held this last May in Shanghai the point of view. His attitude changed mode of thought and native supersti
most important matter under discus entirely after that journey, and when tion. He realized that many of the
sion was the question of Chinese leader later he returned from a short voyage shortcomings in missionary methods,
ship in the churches. Up to this day through the Ellice and Gilbert Islands, which he justly criticised, were equally
158 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

obvious to us, and were due to our perfectly reasonable and innocent cere European. The Siva was duly per
limitations in working with a native monial, was to place myself in an in formed before an immense concourse,
pastorate, imperfectly educated, and vidious position, and under existing po among whom was R. L. S. I had no
suddenly confronted with a civilization litical conditions to prejudice them opportunity of meeting him there, but
of which they knew next to nothing; against the native chiefs, and probably the next day I received the following
and from this time his critical attitude hamper the usefulness of the mission. letter :
changed to warm advocacy. On the other hand, our missionary "My dear Clarke: I was unable to
I could give many instances, but one policy requires that any amendment to speak with you when I was down after
will suffice. The memorable hurricane church regulations can only be dealt the feast. After what you had pre
of 1889 had drawn the attention of the with in a full committee of English viously told me about the 'Siva' I was
European powers once more to the po missionaries and native representatives more than astonished to see you pres
litical situation in Samoa, and a tri —a very excellent rule, but on demand ent. I also wished time to think. I
partite government had been fixed up. ing more time to gather such an as have since though c as much as in me
Mr. Henry C. Ide, an American, was sembly than was then possible. The lies ; I took a walk this afternoon, and
appointed chief justice, and a great of occasion called for immediate action. I thought of little else, so strongly you
ficial reception was prepared for him. therefore told Seumanu that he need had convinced me of the difficulties
It was arranged that the Samoans not distress himself; lie would not be of relaxation, so unprepared was I for
should give a native Siva( the national likely to forfeit his membership ; that I the step you took. Please receive the
dance) in his honor, and King Malietoa intended to associate myself, as their result of my meditations for what they
and all his court were to be present, as missionary, in the reception, and to take are worth. I cannot tell if you have
well as the officers of the men-of-war "Misi tamaitai" (my wife) with me; done wisely ; I am sure you have done
and other European officials. The lead and that it was "up to" him to ar well, that is, I do not know if this
ing white residents, including the mis range a fine Siva and to see to it that will bring you good now, but it should
sionaries, were all. invited. Seumanu, there was no impropriety in it. What bring better afterwards, and I know
the Chief of Apia, was one of the high was fit for him as deacon of the church, that you have put yourself in a better
ruling chiefs, and was deputed to ar and the king, who was a church mem position. The other course might have
range the reception. He was persona ber, to see, and for Europen officers been the more diplomatic—this was the
grata to the Americans, for he and his from Christian lands, ought, I said, to more honest.
clan had greatly distinguished them be fit for any lady whether Samoan or (To be continued next month)
selves by their bravery in saving the
lives of the men of the "Trenton" and
the "Vandalia" in the hurricane, and
the American government had sent him
Striking Sentences from the Peace Scholarship Essays
a generous acknowledgment of his ser "Through the educational system of nore or belittle anything concerning
vices. Seumanu was most anxious to Hawaii, a land where creeds and races her. They regard her as a mere dot
do honor to the American chief justice, know no discrimination, growing chil somewhere in the wide expanse of the
but here was a missionary poser. Seu dren come to possess the spirit of co Pacific, and the name suggests nothing
manu was not only a church member, operation and good will instinctively. more vital than surf-board riding and
but a deacon in the church, and there Under these favorable conditions the an active volcano. But Hawaii is
was s.o much obscenity associated with minds of the Hawaiian-born Japanese something more than a mere dot or
the Siva that, by our church laws, any are developed. These young men and swimming center; she is one of the
church member present at a Siva was women will soon prove that they are world's greatest coaling stations, a
formally excluded from the church fel assimilable and that they are capable of strategic naval base, and what is
lowship. The missionaries had made appreciating and administering demo more, the Crossroads of the Pacific,
several abortive attempts at an amend cratic government. This is a new ex the meeting place of the East and West.
ment of this rule, but our native pas periment and one fact is clear; that Where on the face of the earth can
tors had always overruled us, declaring it will be greatly facilitated if the lead we find another such Paradise blessed
their inability to deal, with the difficulty ers and creators of Japanese public with the opportunity for every race in
other than by a complete veto. Seu opinion in Hawaii and in Japan fully the world to meet, mingle and ex
manu was a sincere Christian, and was understand the nature of the oppor change ideas? We young Japanese
much distressed at the position in which tunity that is before them and faith should be impressed by this oppor
he found himself. He came to confess fully do their part in making the ex tunity and do our part to make the
to me that it was incumbent on him periment a success." Richard M. Ikeda, so-called 'experiment' a success."
"to bow the knee in the house of Mills School. Shunji Ikuta
Rimmon," and to assure me that when McKinley High School
his offense had been duly expiated he "What can be accomplished toward the
should again be a seeker for church permanent peace of America and Japan "Let those who doubt the loyalty of
fellowship. can receive its greatest impetus here, the Hawaiian-born American citizens
It was a poser not only for poor for only through constant association of Japanese parentage consider the
Seumanu, and other church members, can understandings be brought about facts below.
but for me also. To have refused a re and racial prejudice removed. Be "In their sincere wish to become full-
quest of the European officials for a cause Hawaii lias no vote in Congress, fledged, loyal American citizens, the
function which to them would appear a the Washington authorities either ig male Hawaiian-born Japanese have
July, 1922. THE FRIEND 159

made repeated efforts to have the ob Sam. Every consideration and oppor panies and partnerships, business con
jectionable Japanese naturalization law tunity should be given them by this ducted by married women, newspapers,
so changed as to release them from all Territory. The main responsibility, registry of conveyances and registration
obligations to Japan. In 1919, they however, rests on their shoulders. of prints, labels and trademarks under
sent a petition to the Japanese govern They should strive to be good Chris the laws of Hawaii ; commissioner of
ment asking for the necessary revision. tian citizens of this country and prove public lands, commissioner of agriculture
The petition read as follows: that they are loyal to her. This is a and forestry (since changed to bureau
'We are men of Japanese parentage tangible way in which Hawaii can. pro of agriculture and forestry), superinten
born on the soil of the United States, mote closer friendship between the two dent of public works, superintendent of
and who have been e_ducated in the nations." public instruction, auditor and deputy
schools of that country. We wish to Yasuo Ishikawa, auditor, surveyor and high sheriff. This
be considered citizens of the country Mills School. chapter contains, furthermore, a section
in which we are now living and to defining the appointment, removal, ten
show that men of Japanese ancestry ure and salaries of officers. The above
can be as loyal to the country of their list of territorial officers from attorney
The Government of the general to high sheriff, also members of
adoption as men of other ancestry re
siding therein. Territory of Hawaii the board of health, commissioners of
' 'We are trying in our small way to By Henry P. JucW public instruction, boards of prison in
cement the great and ancient friend spectors, boards of registration and in
(Continued from June)
ship between America and Japan by spectors of election and any other boards
Chapter III is concerned with the of a public character that may be
loyalty to the home in which we live, Executive. The executive power is created by law, all these are to be nomi
and we respectfully petition that at the vested in the governor. He is respon nated by the governor and, by and with
coming session of the Japanese Parlia sible for the faithful execution of the
ment, a law be enacted whereby those the advice and consent of the senate of
laws of the United States and of the the Territory, appointed.
of Japanese descent can select their
Territory. He may call upon the com An interesting paragraph in this
own citizenship without restriction of
manders of the military and naval forces section 8o, reads: "The salaries of all
law, and having once made such selec of the United States in the Territory or
tion, can remain as citizens of that officers other than those appointed by
summon the posse comitatus or call out the President shall be as provided by
country without any question of dual militia of the Territory to prevent or
allegiance.' the legislature, but those of the chief
suppress lawless violence, invasions, in justice and the justices of the supreme
"To President Wilson also a petition surrection or rebellion and may in cer court and judges of the circuit courts
was sent, that his services might be tain cases suspend the privilege of the shall not be diminished during their
secured. When the leading members writ of habeas corpus and declare mar term of office."
of the Japanese delegation to the Wash tial law. The general powers of the Chapter IV is on the judiciary. The
ington conference passed here on their governor are the powers and duties judicial power is vested in one supreme
way home, the Hawaiian-born Japanese which were conferred upon or required court, circuit courts and in such in
gave to one of them a resolution em of the President or any minister of the
bodying the same principles as those ferior courts as the legislature may from
Republic of Hawaii, or the cabinet or time to time establish. The supreme
of the petition of 1919 and asked his executive council, and not inconsistent
assistance in presenting their case to court consists of a chief justice and two
with the Constitution or laws of the associate justices who must be citizens
the Japanese government. The Ha United States unless otherwise provided.
waiian-born Japanese women have been of the Territory and appointed by the
The duties of the secretary of the President by and with the advice of the
and are the whole-htarted supporters
Territory are set forth. Like the gov Territory and consent of the Senate of
and sympathizers of the male citizens. ernor, the secretary shall be appointed the United States. The laws of Hawaii
No wonder Baron Goto of Japan said, by the President, by and with the ad relative to the judicial department ex
'These boys and girls are Americans vice and consent of the Senate of the cept as amended by the organic act are
in all but their physical appearance.' " United States. continued in force, subject to modifi
Kazumi Makino, The remaining executive officers of cation by the Congress or the legis
Hilo High School the Territory are specified as follows: lature.
Attorney general, who took over the Juries shall be constituted without
"Within a decade or so the Japanese powers and duties of the attorney gen reference to the race or place of nativity
will undoubtedly control the entire po eral and those of the powers and duties of the jurors, but only male citizens, 21
litical situation in this Territory. of the minister of the interior which years of age who can understanding^'
America is looking toward the approach relate to prisons, prisoners and prison speak, read and write the English lan
of this day with more or less pertur inspectors, notaries public and escheat guage shall be qualified jurors or grand
bation. Why is it? Is it not because of lands under the laws of Hawaii, ex jurors. No person shall be convicted
she regards the Americans of Japanese cept as changed by the organic act and in any criminal case except by unani
ancestry as an alien people? She subject to modification by the legisla mous verdict of the jury. Xo plaintiff or
doubts their loyalty. It is the duty of ture ; treasurer, who assumed the pow defendant in any suit or proceeding in
Hawaii to produce loyal Americans of ers and duties of the minister of finance a court of the Territory shall be en
Japanese extraction and prove that and of the minister of the interior re titled to a trial by a jury impaneled
they are true to Hawaii and to Uncle lating to licenses, corporations, com exclusively from persons of any race.
160 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

Judges and jurors are disqualified in we have had our territorial government, sessions held during the 48 years from
cases in which relatives by affinity or fully recognizing the failure and mis 1839-1887 and has enacted an average
by consanguinity within the third de takes that have characterized the history of nearly three times that number at
gree are interested, or in which they of our legislation since 1900, beginning each of the 12 sessions from 1887- 1905.
have any pecuniary interest either di with the famous "lady-dog" legislature and since then more and more laws have
rectly or through such relative. of 1901 and including the disappointing, been passed by each legislature.
Chapter V treats of United States to say the least—legislature of 1919, and ' The late David L. Withington made
officers. The first section in this chap taking into account human weaknesses the following comment on the legislature
ter deals with the delegate to Congress. as evidenced by the wave of defalcations of 1917: "Hawaii is to be congratulated
Said delegate shall possess the qualifi in the earliest administration of the on one characteristic of her legislatures.
cations necessary for membership of Territory and assuming other forms They may be extravagant, they enact
the senate of the Territory. He shall here and there throughout the period of much careless and ill-considered legis
have a seat in the House of Representa these two decades and over. lation, and occasionally some that is
tives with the right of debate, but not More in detail now, let us note the radically bad ; but she has not had in
of voting. functioning of the three departments of her history a legislature which was cor
The second section refers to the fed the government, beginning with the rupt or controlled. The legislature of
eral court designated "district court." legislative. It is this one of the three 191 7 has been chiefly remarkable for
It provides for the appointment of a departments of government that is us the weakness of the House, for which
judge (later increased to two judges), a ually the target for caustic criticism. Honolulu is responsible. It seems to be
district attorney and marshal and gives Memories of the 190 1 legislature, al the policy of the 5th District to send an
to the court the usual status of a district ready referred to," and later sessions in inferior delegation, and the present dele
court of the United States. which picturesque characters had their gation keeps up the tradition, but the
Other sections specify that the Ter day and then ceased to be, are called up 4th District, usually well represented
ritory shall constitute a district for the to mind. Foolish bills, ruthless attacks * * * lacks purpose, power, moral
collection of the internal revenue of the upon the treasury in aid of pet schemes strength."
United States with a collector, deputy perfectly useless in the general develop T. G. Thrum thus described the same
collectors, etc. and that the Territory ment of the Territory, wanton vote- legislature: "It fulfilled legal require
shall also comprise a customs district of swapping, bombastic oratory and playing ments of convening and concluding its
the United States, with ports of entry to the gallery, have not been absent. labors on time, but of the result, per
and delivery at Honolulu. Hilo, Ma- Energies that might better have been haps the least said the better, for the
hukona and Kahului. applied to constructive measures have general feeling that prevailed was one
The concluding chapter (VI) consists had to be diverted simply to killing in of disappointment at the few good
of section in re revenues from wharves, iquitous bills and being on the watch measures passed, compared with the raft
the redemption of postage stamps of the lest the overburdened appropriation bills of questionable bills crowded into both
republic, the possession, use and control become saddled with wasteful and houses throughout the session, a number
of public property by the Territory, ridiculous items. of which became law. The good work
salaries of the officials who are ap There has been considerable advance of both houses may therefore be said
pointed by the President and are paid made since the legislative session of last to have been saving us from many more
by the United States, imports from the century in which one representative in like them by smothering them in com
islands into any state or any other troduced a bill to regulate the rise and mittee, or tabling them at the ninth hour.
territory of the United States, investi fall of the tide and another bill was It is noticeable the low conception of
gation of fisheries, repeal of laws con to provide for a bridge between Molokai moral ideas possessed by several mem
ferring exclusive fishing rights, pro and Oahu to be constructed of chains. bers of the lower house in failing to
ceedings for opening fisheries to citizens, In 1901 the income tax act was support the senate in the abatement
quarantine, registering of Hawaiian ves passed. In the next session the Torrens' measure and lacking courage on the
sels, crown lands, previous declaration land registration act and the forestry liquor question (as too many senators
of intention to become citizens, certifi act were passed. In 1905 the county also were) * * * . A grave miscon
cates of residence of Chinese persons, act, the liquor act, inheritance tax act, ception of one's legislative duty was
and the abolition of the Hawaiian Postal public archives act and acts for the made apparent in the large number of
Savings Bank. trial and probation of juvenile delin bills presented already covered by the
Having made this rather lenghtly quents and the parole of prisoners, also statutes or recently rejected. One
resume of the organic act, it will be for the compilation of all the laws, would-be wiseacre inflicted the session
eminently fit and proper to consider known as the "Revised Laws," became with no less than 55 bills, only one of
two questions naturally arising in your law. which became law—a loss of time and
minds, liz. How has territorial gov Since that time, other laws too num useless waste of paper and printing, all
ernment worked? Has the form of erous to mention have been placed upon of which was taxpayers' money. An
government provided for in the organic our books. Hawaii has kept pace with other member's frequent bills and res
act proved workable and on the whole other units of government on the main olutions seemed based on the idea that
successful ? land in what Sir Henry Maine termed his district had first claim on public
I am bold to reply "yes" to the latter "the capital fact in the mechanism of lands and appropriations."
question and "quite satisfactorily" to modern states, vis. the energy of legis For interesting comments on the 1919
the former, and I am doing so after a latures," for she enacted an average of legislature, I must refer you to an
survey of the twenty-one years in which less than 75 pages a session at the 32 article in The Friend for May of that
July, 1922. THE FRIEND 161

year from the able pen of the late Mr. its working during these 21 years or gates to the territorial convention that
Withington, himself an interesting per more. The governors have been six would have slight chance of success if
sonality whose presence is greatly missed in number, including our present ex a majority at the meetings were com
in legal, religious and social circles in ecutive, and they have always had the posed of representative respectable
our city. best interests of the islands at heart. citizens.
There is one respect in which the law Flaws may be found in each one of the Possibly those who habitually absent
making bodies have seemingly failed to administrations, but it is not the pur themselves from precinct club meetings
perform their duties. They have failed pose of this paper to do any muck fail to realize the importance of the
to enact the reapportionment bill which raking. clubs, in the last analysis. Formerly
is regularly introduced at each session The harmony between the executive there were three chief functions of the
and just as regularly killed by the mem and the legislative branches of the gov territorial convention ; ( 1 ) the nomina
bers from the other islands in spite of ernment in recent years is a source of tion of candidates for the senate and
the terms of section 55 of the organic gratification, likewise the fact that the house and the delegateship, (2) the
act which reads : "The legislature, at machinery of the executive side of the adoption of the platform and (3) the
its first regular session after the census government seems to move without election of the territorial central com
enumeration, shall be ascertained, and friction and at a satisfactory rate. In mittee and national committeeman. The
from time to time thereafter, shall re telligent and progressive-spirited gover passage of the primary election law has
apportion the membership in the senate nors make for a territorial government obviated the first function, but the
and house of representatives among the that- elicits the hearty support and other two remain. It is clearly evident
senatorial and representative districts enthusiastic loyalty of the people. that the right sort of men should be
on the basis of the population in each We have now concluded our exposi chosen to sit in the convention, even
of said districts who are citizens of the tion of the first main point, viz. the though it is shorn of its power to nom
Territory." Oahu has about half of the form and functions of our territorial inate directly candidates to be elected
total population of the Territory and government. We shall bring this paper by the voters, for the convention is the
half of the number of registered voters. to a close now with some practical sug body from whose membership is chosen
Upon that basis her representation in gestions as to what we may do, in co the territorial central committee. This
the lower house would be increased from operation with other citizens, for the latter organization wields a certain
12 to 15, with a corresponding decrease upbuilding of our Territory and its amount of power. It passes on the
in the number from the other islands. improvement in the realm of practical nominations in the three departments of
The senate would be likewise affected. politics. government, and its united voice has
The outside island legislators realize that There is one main practical point I influence with the President, the gov
the passage of this measure will mean wish to emphasize, and that is, get ernor, the senate and other appointing
a reduction of their power and influence, interested in the work of the precinct powers.
hence they are zealous in postponing the clubs of your political party. I am When the average citizen awakens to
evil day when the mandate of the organ not going to ask the personal question, the fact that he can go to the precinct
ic act must take effect. "How many of you are in the habit club meetings and cooperate with other
The two other departments of the of attending the meetings of your pre responsible citizens in electing good
government coordinating with the legis cinct clubs?" for that might embarrass men to the convention and that these
lative are the judiciary and the ex you. Many voters never hear a thing same good men can choose a good
ecutive. The judiciary may be dis about time and place of meetings, for central committee which may become
missed in a few words. On the whole the meetings, to speak frankly, are not a power for political betternment, then
we have had able men on the bench, in always adequately advertised. The re and not till then, will we have an or
the supreme court and in the district sult is that only a few voters attend, ganization free from the caustic criti
courts. To a layman it seems a mistake making it therefore an easy matter for cisms that are poured out upon our
to have appointments to the bench sub a clique to put through a slate of dele central committees.
ject to political dickering and using the
high position of judge as a reward for
faithful service to the party, oftentimes
disregarding standards of morality, and
common sense which we like to think of
Blue Willow
in connection with a just judge. Fur
thermore, there seems to be valid cause
Dinnerware
for the recent repeated criticisms in our This pattern has a
daily papers of the absence of so many romantic story of the
judges from the islands at one time. Far East connected
Vacations should be arranged with a with it. Service for
better system for carrying on court work six — 121.90. Other
sets as cheap as
and not expecting one circuit judge to
$11.75.
do all the judicial business for several
weeks, as fell to the lot of Judge De We carry 66 open-stock dinner patterns.
Bolt this fall. .
WWDinvoivd&ftiTD
II "THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES"^
Let Dimond's give you the benefit of
mainland affiliations that mean money
Time does not permit any extended 63-65 KING STREET, HONOLULU saved.
study of the executive department and
162 THE FRIEND July, 1922.

I close by repeating what I said in P. O. on my way to the preparatory day at 8 A. M. and arrived here about
the first part of my paper—it is up to meeting and found two letters for me, noon. Found that Miss M. was mak
us all to take a vital interest and part one from the Board, a circular that my ing calculations to return with me next
in politics, to study the history and passage for the Sandwich Islands was week to Danbury. There is some doubt
functioning of our territorial govern engaged and the ship was to sail Mon about our being married here as we
ment, to get in and work for the elec day, Dec. 5th. Also a letter from Miss have not been published long enough
tion of good men to the territorial con Mon-tague that she would accompany according to the law of this State of
vention and to the central committee, to me in my labors of love for the hea Mass. Called on Miss M's mother, she
urge good men to run for the legis then. Oh that God would continue was much affected with the idea of her
lature and to give them hearty support His favors as I may be able to bear daughter's departure. Her going has
in their campaigns, in short, to throw them. excited a considerable missionary spirit
off apathy and indifference and to here. May it increase, O !■ Lord fill
work actively for good government and Lord's day, Nov. 6th.— us both with Thy Spirit.
the upbuilding of a higher type of Sunderland, Nov. 18th, /36.—
American citizenship in our territory. I left Danbury Tuesday morning Sat., Nov. 19th.
about 11 A. M. with father's horse and I have just time to note this after
Extracts from the Journal of Mr. Gregory's chaise, the ground was noon that I am extremely busy in as
covered with snow. Wednesday morn sisting Miss Montague in her packing.
Amos Starr Cooke
ing left Plymouth and went to East- Consulled with Rev. Mr. Doranu in
Monday Morning, Oct. 24.— relation to our marrying, he thinks we
Windsor and took supper with Mrs.
Last evening attended the meeting. Ruggles and the native. Learned from had better not break with the powers
Mr. Ingram lectured from Mai. 3 :8 her that Miss Montague was cheerful that be. Consulted with many today,
"Will a man rob God." Some of the they concur in his opinion.
and decided for which I felt truly grate
ways in which wicked men and Chris
ful to God. I left Springfield yester (Continued next month)
tians robbed God, was the substance
of his talk. After the family had re
tired Miss M. and I sat up until 11
o'clock. She appeared to regret the THE LITTLE BROWN COVERED BOOK
decision she had made. It went like an It is the builder of character, enterprise and security—of
arrow to my heart, it was almost too homes, opportunities and wealth.
much for me to bear. The more I Thousands of thrifty men, women and children view the
learned of her character the more I future with confidence because this book rests snugly within
esteemed her. After breakfast next their pockets.
It's name It is the ''brown covered" Bank of Hawaii, Ltd.,
morning as Mr. Smith was absent I Savings Pass Book.
prayed with the family. Had a little Upon the deposit of one dollar it will go with you and
conversation with Miss M. but did not guard you.
get any expression of her feelings, in
deed I did not solicit it. O Lord deliver THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
me out of my troubles. BRANCHES
Sat., Nov. 5th
Yesterday was engaged in cutting LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
wood and carrying corn into the gar COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
ret. Soon after supper I called at the

MOANA HOTEL

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On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND
Linking Hawaii's
Schools With Her
Industries
By Governor Wallace R. Farrington

Language
School Data
In this picture, taken in Honolulu
for The Friend, Arthur Andrew
Hauck,ne<w president of Punahou,
exemplifies a splendid type of
school executive.

President Hauck is introduced to

Friend readers in this issue by
Progress in
Albert F. Judd, an alumnus and
trustee of Punahou. Rehabilitation

HONOLULU AUGUST, 1922 HAWAII

170 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

J . A B A D I E ' S
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Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR afij
Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect For News-Japan,Japanese Q
Embalming School of San Francisco,
Cal., also of the Renouard Training and Oriental, Read sfij"
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And a Licensed Embalmer for the
State of New York; also a member ESTABLISHED 1895 ~§E
of the State Funeral Directors' PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH T
Association of California.
MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES
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President (
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Editor.
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, AUGUST, 1922. No. 8.

Linking Hawaii's School with Her Industries

By Hon. "Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii

EVERY citizen of the Territory of the manner in which we are using the in these Islands. To say that the prob
Hawaii should have a deep interest tremendous power of education. There lem is difficult is merely to inspire men
in the effort that is being made to con is every reason why we should con of ability and enthusiasm to renewed
nect our educational program more centrate our energy and thought on effort and a firm determination that the
closely with the main industries of the developing the attractive features of problem shall be solved.
Territory. Wendell Phillips, the Mass agricultural industry. The problem is
achusetts orator, statesman and patriot, Hawaii, with its variety of climate,
one that is commanding the best
said : "Education is the only interest its friendly social atmosphere and its
thought of the Nation, and the move
worthy of the deep, controlling anxiety wonderful offerings of beautiful home-
ment, "back to the soil" is meeting
of the thoughtful man." The public sites, presents a most favorable field
with splendid success throughout the
school is a fundamental, institution of for the development of a comfortable,
mainland of the United States.
the American scheme of government. prosperous, independent and happy
Hawaii has its own particular phases
Hawaii gains its livelihood from agri rural life.
of the problem to meet. To say that
culture. The charge has been made we can not make our agricultural in Nothing worth while can be accom
that the public schools educate the chil dustry attractive to the youth and plished without hard work, and some of
dren away from agriculture. If there coming citizens of this Territory is the difficulties in the way of develop
be any truth in this charge, the fault to admit a weakness, incapacity and ing a broader and more friendly inter
is not with education or with the pub lack of courage that is entirely out of est in agriculture are what serve to
lic school as an institution, but must keeping with the outstanding features make the educational enterprise more
be the result of errors in methods and of educational and industrial progress attractive.

school building, or the City and County

Vocational Schools in Agriculture will erect a laboratory 30 x 35 ' feet,
equipped with tables, chairs and black
By Edgar Wood
boards. All other equipment will be
IN the public schools of the Territory our schools at an age too early to en made by the pupils or will be incident
there are about 44,000 boys and gage with profit in the industrial life to the cultivation of the growing crop.
girls. The Territory offers these chil of the community and who consequent The department will appoint and pay
dren one road leading from the Kinder ly must remain idle a large part of the one teacher trained in agriculture and
garten to the University. The large year with all the possibilities of evil interested in plantation work.
number of boys and girls who drop companionship and its consequent re The plantation will cooperate by let
out of school between the fourth and sults to the individual and to society ting the school have a suitable area
the eighth grade or as soon as the law at large. under the usual terms of the cultivation
allows, proves that this road, excellent To meet this condition, it is recom contract. One or more skilled workmen
though it may be in its field, the aca mended that schools be established in will be assigned, as the needs of the
demic field, does not meet the needs of connection with each industry to take work may indicate, to show the boys
all of the children of Hawaii. the boy when he is thinking of leaving how to do things in the best way and
The subcommittee* on vocational school at about 14 years of age and to give stability to the group.
schools consisting of Mr. Jas. Dole, Mr. offer him a chance in the varied work One acre of this lot will be used as
Ken. C. Bryan, Mr. Agee and myself of the industry—the field, the shop, the an experimental plot for the growing of
believes that it is the duty of the Terri mill and school—to find the work he crops.
tory to care for those who for one rea likes best and also to fit him to do this The course of study will cover four
son or another are unable to finish the work in an efficient and workman-like years of work. The school year will
program as outlined in our school cur manner. This is vocational guidance of be 12 months. The boys will work on
riculum. A democracy cannot afford to the highest type. a part time schedule regulated by the
neglect the thousands who yearly leave The following is a brief outline of needs of the growing crop. Each boy
* This is a subcommttee of the official the type of school the committee has will be paid for the services rendered
committee on industrial and manual train in mind,— and then a share of the profits will be
ing, appointed by His Excellency the Gov
ernor of Hawaii, and of which Mr. George The Department of Public Instruc distributed on the harvesting of the crop.
P. Renton is chairman. tion will set apart one room in a local Any bo) 14 years of age will be
172 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

eligible to enter the school. A boy man has increased that yield to 15.75 effort, any other training falls short of
employed by the industry may enter tons of sugar per acre. the desired result. Only in the stream
this school at any time and when he The class room instruction and the ex of industrial life can industrial skill be
has finished the required units of work, perimental plot demonstrations will teach gained.
he will be graduated. him how the seed sends down roots and On the experimental plot and in the
Any boy showing special ability will rootlets, how the root hairs reach out class room the boys will be taught why
be encouraged and assisted to specialize through the soil in search of food. He things are done in this particular way.
in his chosen line of work. There must will see how the leaves grow upwards The arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trig
be no blind alleys of our making. Each towards the sunlight. He will instinc; onometry and surveying will be the
boy must have the opportunity to strive tively wonder how this soil beneath outgrowth of the work of the field
to win or lose fairly. his feet is changed into a green plant shop and mill. The geography will be
In a typical school, on this Island, and how that plant under the influence primarily the geography of the produc
of 500 or 600 pupils, there are between of sunlight and air change's this raw tion and distribution of sugar from the
the ages of 14-19 both inclusive, about material into sugar. mill to the ultimate consumer.
100 persons. Of these about 50 are This wonder that brings in its train The botany will not be general
boys. There are in the community an emotional reaction that makes pos botany from a text book, but that
probably as many more boys who have sible any desired accomplishment is the botany which is naturally suggested
left school, but who would be anxious controlling motive of this school. Toil by the conditions under which the boy
to attend a school of this kind. This in any land or under any sun is dull, works ; his study of fertilizers, from
would mean a possible enrollment of and uninteresting if it is not vitalized the chemical and economic point of
about 100 boys. by a promised answer to the oft repeat view, will begin with the fertilizers
Will the boys attend this school that ed why. which he uses and the conditions under
is primarily organized to train them It is the thought of the committee which, in attaining practical results he
for the industry of their immediate en that when these schools are established, uses them ; his study of bookkeeping
vironment? The committee believes the plantations will support them with will grow out of the income and ex
that they will, and that these schools all their resources because their success penditure conditions under which the
will be filled with boys eager to work means better trained men, more con work in which he participates is carried
and to learn how and why. Deep in tented workmen, and more adequate re on; his study of physics will rest on the
the consciousness of every boy is the turns from field and mill. The planters foundation of his actual experience.
desire to know how things are done in experiment station will keep in sympa Through the medium of sports and
the best way and why it is done in this thetic touch with these schools as they games, boys' clubs, the social gatherings
particular way. It is the primal call will see the possibilities for controlled of the week and the religious exercises
that has made possible our present day experimentation in every part of this of the church the boys will be taught
industrial development. Territory. What might not be accom obedience to the laws of the group and
The school* should begin in Febru plished if on each plantation of the how to cooperate with their fellows as
ary or March because at that time, the group new varieties of cane could be members of a group organized for mu
fields are being plowed, the cane is developed under local conditions and tual profit. He will be taught that he
being planted, the growing crop is be when planted in the fields, cultivated should be an active participator in all
ing cultivated, the ripened cane is being by trained and intelligent workers. group exercises, that he should vote
harvested and the sugar is being ship The day's routine would be as fol for or against any proposition before
ped. All parts of the plantation are lows : the group. He must be taught that
working under the pressure of necessity The boys would assemble at school the laws and customs of the group exist
and there is an abundance of action each morning and go to the assigned for the protection of his. liberty. He
sufficient to meet the desires of the work as shown by the schedule of the will be trained into an attitude of toler
most active of boys. school. This assignment might be to ation toward the beliefs and customs of
The growing plant, be it cane, pine the class room and the experimental the individual members of the group.
apple or coffee must of necessity be the plot or to the field that is being culti The boys who sit in the same classes
center of all class room instruction and vated under contract by the school. If and play in the same games will be
experimental plot demonstrations. The considered desirable the assignment taught to work together for the best
boy will soon learn that this cane plant, might be as helper on the steam plow, interests of Hawaii.
multiplied many times, is the center of with the carpenters or cement workers This school room program does not
all this plantation activity. The fields, or to the feeding, care and handling of imply any new discovery of educational
the pumps and reservoirs, the transpor live stock. They might be detailed to methods. It is an effort to get back to
tation machinery, the mill, the home work at the selection and cutting of the fundamental procedure of all true
and all this grouping of men are due seed cane or with -the surveyors in the education. The great educational move
primarily to this growing plant. plotting of fields or the laying out of ment in New England that gave to the
The dullest boy will soon begin to irrigation ditches. Field, mill and trans" world such men as Horace Mann, who
wonder how it is possible for this cane portation activities will furnish an in 1850 attempted to express this
plant to take from one acre of ground, ample field for worth while effort and thought in Antioch College, but who
a plot about the size of the school ex instruction. died leaving the dream unrealized, also
perimental plot, from 6 to 8 tons of The underlying thought of this school gave to Hawaii the Mission Fathers
sugar. He will wonder again how, is that vocational training can best be who brought to the task of converting
under improved methods of cultivation, gained under conditions of productive a nation not only ministers of the gos
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 173

pel, and teachers, but also skilled workmen so that in the daily life of b. That no children be admitted to
tradesmen and professional men. The industry the boys may be trained to do the kindergarten, the first or
Hon. Armstrong1, Hitchcock and Bald their share. The Smith-Hughes Act, the second grade in Septem
win as head of the Educational work ber, 1923.
the cooperative effort in the homestead-
in Hawaii urged the teaching of Nature c. That in September, 1924, pupils
Study in the primary school and the ing of land as in the Delhi, Durham be admitted into the first year
introduction of industrial work in all and Murray River experiments all add under the new course of study,
the upper grades. Hawaii gave to the their testimony to growing demand. who are beginning the third
world General Armstrong and the school We live today in a world that was grade of the public school
at Hampton with all of its long train unknown and undreamed of when the course.
of influences. main characteristics of our present 3. That the textbooks to be prepared
National and State Governments are school organization were developed. should contain English equiva
beginning to realize that the present Changes have been suggested and lents for Japanese words and
educational system must be supplement schools have been developed, but they idioms, and that the books be
ed by schools that train for industry. lack the adequate adjustment that must prepared with the pupil in
Not more schools of existing kind, but be made to meet the conditions that mind whose normal medium
schools with the point of view of the prevail in the world today. of expression is English.

Dr. D ean s Letter

Language ScKool Progress THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
The resulting Joint Committee has had HONOLULU, HAWAII.
RECOMMENDATIONS which Su
perintendent of Public Instruction a number of sessions which have been Office of the President,
Vaughan MacCaughey characterizes as marked by the best of feeling and by July 29, 1922.
"notable" have been made by the Joint great frankness in the presentation of Mr. Vaughan MacCaughey,
Commission on the revision of the Ja opinions and their discussion. Superintendent of Public Instruction,
panese Language School text books. As a result of the joint endeavors, Honolulu, T. H.
These recommendations and Dr. A. L. we transmit to you the recommenda My dear Mr. MacCaughey:
Dean's letter to Mr. MacCaughey which tions of the Joint Committee which ex At the last meeting of the Joint Com
accompanied the resolutions have been press our opinion of the proper course mittee on Revision of Japanese Text
officially approved by Mr. MacCaughey to pursue in the revision of the course books certain important recommenda
and heartily endorsed by Consul-Gen of study and the textbooks for the tions were made to the Department of
eral K. Yamasaki and Governor Wal Japanese Language Schools. It is
Public Instruction. These recommenda
lace R. Farrington. They furnish proof worthy of comment, we believe, that tions may be somewhat clearer if you
of friendly inter-racial co-operation and recommendations of such a sweeping are acquainted with some of the work
heartening evidence of a strong desire nature should have resulted from the of the Committee which did not take
on the part of representative Japanese friendly co-operation of this Joint Com the form of recommendations to your
to eliminate objectionable features of mittee. department. I am therefore writing
the Language Schools. Respectfully submitted, this supplementary letter on my own
The recommendations and supple JOINT COMMITTEE ON initiative.
mentary letter are printed herewith as REVISION OF JAPANESE Early in our deliberations several im
a matter of information and of record. TEXTBOOKS portant conclusions were reached which
July 28, 1922. By Iga Mori laid the foundation for subsequent
Mr. Vaughan MacCaughey, A. L. Dean work. It was assumed as fundamental
Superintendent of Public Instruction, S. Masuda that the textbooks and course of study
HonolulUj T. H. Chas. F. Looinis were to be planned for American youth
Dear Sir: of Japanese parentage. It was further
Some months ago, you requested the Recommendations of Joint decided that the function of the ele
then Japanese Consul-General Mr. C. mentary schools was to teach reading,
Committee
Yada to appoint a committee of Japa writing, and correct speaking of the
nese gentlemen to revise the textbooks 1. That the course of study for the ele Japanese language and to do nothing
and course of study of the Japanese mentary Japanese Language else. It was at first suggested by the
Language Schools. The resulting com Schools be planned for six Japanese members of the committee
mittee appointed by Mr. Yada requested years. that the schools should emphasize
you to name some Americans to co 2. That the kindergarten and first and Americanism in their teaching, but at
operate with them in the task to which second grades of the foreign the request of the American members
they had been assigned. language schools be eliminated this was changed and the teaching is
In response to this request, you asked according to the following to leave all problems of citizenship and
Honorable W. F. Frear, Chairman of plan : nationalism to one side and these
the Citizenship Education Committee of a. That no children be admitted to schools devote their energies solely to
the Y. M. C. A., to appoint a group of the kindergarten or the first the instruction in language.
Americans to co-operate in this work. grade in September, 1922. Definite action has also been taken
 174 THE FRIEND August, 1922.
covering the amount of work to be
done. _ This is defined as learning the
Kana alphabets, transliteration into the
How Rehabilitation is Progressing
Roman alphabet, and the learning of FOR more than a year the subject of identical conditions with the land of
about one thousand Chinese characters. the rehabilitation of the Hawaiian Kaunakakai where the cane was grown.
Having come unanimously to these con people has been prominently before the The rich soil is at least four feet deep
clusions the Committee was able to public. The legislature of 1921 pro and at one time had a crop of sugar
take up the question of how best to vided for the appointment of a com cane, when the American Sugar Com
accomplish the task thus clearly de mission that went to Washington and pany was actively engaged in the cul
fined. As you know the course of secured the necessary federal assistance. tivation of this staple. When that en
study in the past has been, planned to The idea of rehabilitation is not a new terprise was abandoned more than
occupy eight school years. As you will one ; it has been the endeavor of a twenty years ago, the kiawe forest
see from the recommendations of the strong Hawaiian society, headed by the sprang up, and for the past two de
Committee we have reached the con late Prince Kuhio Kalanianaole, to get cades this forest has sheltered cattle
clusion that the work mapped out can the people out of the cities and place and pigs, attracted thither by the abun
be accomplished in six years instead them on the soil, there to work out dant crop of kiawe beans that fall
of eight. This will avoid the necessity their own destiny. The newspapers every summer.
of the younger children's beginning the have been generous in their treatment
Shipping facilities, together with
study of Japanese until they have made of this important subject ; it has been
good soil, will not suffice for the home
a good start in their English in the a topic of discussion in all sorts of
steader. He must also have an abun
public schools. gatherings ; it has been injected into
dant supply of water for his domestic
In closing I should like to tell you political argument and has become a
purposes and also for his fields. The
how much the American members of political issue, the Republicans being
discovery of Kamehameha the Fifth's
the Joint Committee appreciate the in favor of the plan, the Democrats be
old swimming hole has brightened the
friendly and fairminded spirit with ing largely opposed to the idea. prospects for the entire plan. It means
which the Japanese members have car A recent visit to the island of Molo-
that a supply of water, which by an
ried on this work, notwithstanding the kai in the latter part of July, gave me
alysis is found to contain but 60 grains
fact the changes proposed involve diffi an opportunity for examining at first
of salt to the gallon, has been de
cult problems of readjustment and fi hand the proposition and for looking
veloped to the extent of about two
nance on the part of the Language into its merits. It would seem that the
million gallons every twenty-four hours.
Schools. selection of Molokai as the locus for
This spring is on the one lot of the
Having reached agreement on the the initial work of the Hawaiian Homes
twenty lots which has been set apart
basic principles the Committee is now Commission was a wise one. With the
for the purposes of experimentation
ready to take up the difficult task of exception of Lanai and Niihau, Molo
with crops and demonstration of the
making a whole new set of textbooks kai has the largest proportion of Ha-
values of the various seeds. A second
prepared from a quite different point of waiians of any island of the group ;
spring about a hundred yards mauka
view from any now in existence. We the other racial groups are outnumber
has been found to contain an even
confidently expect that these books and ed on that island. Furthermore Molo
sweeter supply of water. Tunnels are
the new course of study will lead to kai seems to have been passed by in
being driven towards the mountains
greater proficiency in English and a many ways. It has been termed "The
with the hope that more water will be
better grasp of the relations of the Lonely Island." Very few people com
found higher up. For the domestic
Japanese and English modes of ex paratively speaking have visited it.
water supply, the spring of Waihi,
pression than has been possible in the There are no distractions such as may
seven miles mauka, is being used. This
past. be found in the towns and cities of the
will be furnished to all the homestead
larger islands.
Respectfully, ers along the line.
The Commission selected the promis
ing land of Kalamaula, adjacent to the The first lot, next to the Kaunakakai-
(sgd.) A. L. Dean,
port of Kaunakakai. It has this ad Kalamaula boundary, has been selected
President.
vantage of closeness to a shipping by David Kamai, the first one of the
Members of the Joint Committee on point ; the obvious privileges of prox homesteaders. This lot. like all the
Revision of Text Books are as follows: imity to a community possessing a others, has a frontage of five hundred
Japanese Committee : Dr. Iga Mori, church, or rather three churches, a so feet on the government road that leads
Dr. Tasuka Harada, Mr. Ichiro Nakao, cial hall with the prospects of a library up to Kalae. The second lot is the
Rev. Taiji Kukao, Mr. Yasutaro Soga, soon to be erected ; a school and other demonstration lot, as already stated.
Mr. Tetsujire Oki, Mr. Takayuki Asano, features of modern life. Not only has Then come two more lots, after which
Mr. Takashi Uzawa, Mr. Ryuhei Ma- Kalamaula this fine location, but more is the plot reserved for the school, the
shimo, Mr. Kazuhike Ogata, Mr. Tatsu- important is the fact that it has the playground, the reservoir. It is on
kichi Kuwahara, Mr. Seishi Masuda, soil and the water to insure the success higher ground than the rest of the
Mr. Tetsuzo Takamura. of this first experiment in assisted country. As one goes along westward,
American Committee : Dr. A. L. homesteading. Not far from the "Hoo- he passes the sixteen lots next in order
Dean, Dr. K. C. Leebrick, Dr. H. B. pulapula" lots, a field of cane has re before he comes to the Kalamaula-Iloli
Swartz, Mr. A. E. Robinson, Mr. C. F. cently produced sugar at the rate of boundary, at the point where the road
Loomis, Mrs. Maud Tucker. twelve tons to the acre. Kalamaula has to Palaau branches off.
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 175

Laborers are now clearing the lots. that is so essential to social life in the element. Indifference and sloth may
The kiawe trees are being pulled out country. defeat the plan, but reasonable hard
by their roots and the wood cut into It would seem that everything as far labor and fidelity will spell success.
proper lengths, for shipment to Lahaina as nature is concerned is most favor The first eight men to locate at Kala
and other places. The land will soon able to the concern. There is a good maula have made good in other fields
be ploughed and prepared for the home climate on the lee shore of Molokai, of endeavor; they should do splendidly
steaders by the Commission. Seed corn with plenty of sunshine. The water in this new place of labor.
is now growing near Kalae and chickens supply is sufficient for the present. After the settlement of Kalamaula, it
are being raised for the "Hoopulapula." The soil is excellent. Furthermore may be expected that the lands of Iloli
Efforts are being made to secure suit there is competent advice and helpful and Palaau and other lands will be
able varieties of taro and sweet-pota cooperation available in the person of opened up. This is contingent on the
toes for the use of the farmers. Alfalfa Mr. Thornton Lyman, the resident su securing of funds for the development
will likely be a popular crop. It does perintendent. There is the intelligent of the water of the Waihanau valley,
exceptionally well at Kaunakakai where work of the engineers who are working the enlargement of Meyer's Lake, the
as many as thirteen crops have been cut out the plans for the irrigation of the construction of ditches, etc. All these
in one year. This is said to be a world entire tract. There is the hearty sup things will make possible the locating
record. Pigeon peas, peanuts, beans port of the Homes Commission, which of a great many more families on Molo
and other things will be tried out. keeps in touch with the progress of kai in the next few years, and the
These will all be planted on the makai the plan, through the constant visits of successful outcome of this commendable
portion of the twenty-acre lots. About Mr. George P. Cooke, executive officer plan for the rehabilitation of the Ha
nine acres of each lot will be used for and secretary of the Commission. The waiian people.
the growing of these crops ; the re only uncertain factor is the human H. P. JUDD.
maining eleven acres will be for the
house, garden, dairy, piggery, and other
purposes. Eddy Brothers in Honolulu
The first eight farmers have now SHERWOOD and Brewer Eddy spent ers such as the work of Christian mis
chosen their locations and are ready to the day in Honolulu while the sions and the Y. M. C. A. seeks to edu
live there as soon as the lands are steamer "China" was in port on August cate and train
cleared and their houses erected. There 17th. They are brothers and are both A very impressive concrete illustra
are many children in these pioneer fam interested in world-wide Christian citi tion was a faded photograph of four
ilies ; between thirty and forty young zenship—Sherwood Eddy as one of the boys which he exhibited, saying that
people are looking forward to being lo international secretaries of the Y.M.C.A. they had been members of a boys'
cated at Kalamaula in a short time. and Brewer Eddy as a home-land sec club which he had organized years ago
The eight heads of households are in retary of the American Board of Com when he first went out to India in
dustrious, self-reliant and progressive missioners for Foreign Missions. Y. M. C. A. work. Of the four, one is
men of promise. The policy of the now a native Eipscopal bishop with a
Commission is not to get incompetent Brewer Eddy is making his first trip
to Japan and China, though he has large diocese, the second is a bishop in
people out of the tenements and send a native Christian Church and a very
them to the country regardless of their been to India in years gone by. He will
return to Honolulu the latter part of influential leader, the third is modera
fitness and ability to make a living tor of the United Church of South
from the soil. The idea is rather to January and plans to stay a week or
ten days, speaking in the interest of the India, which includes Congregational,
secure picked men to make this initial Dutch Reformed, Presbyterian and
attempt a success and thereby create a American Board at Central Union
Church and elsewhere and studying our Scotch Presbyterian churches all feder.
momentum that will spell victory in ated together, and the fourth is the
other places where the Homes Commis local missionary association. He is a
Yale man and found many old college head secretary of the Y. M. C. A. for
sion may undertake work in the near India. These boys were all poor when
future. friends here—Rev. Henry P. Judd,
Judge demons and Mr. Robbins B. the Christian missionary influence laid
It is easy to see that the scheme is hold on them—two of them being of
Anderson among them.
not a money-making affair. Each farm the lowest out-caste strata of society.
er will work for himself, not for the Both visitors spoke briefly at a ALBERT W. PALMER.
Commission, and it will be the aim to lunch given in their honor by the
develop the sense of independence and Y. M. C. A. at the Young Hotel. Brew Miss Shina Inouye, who came to
industry. The land will not be held er Eddy spoke of his interest in the Hawaii from Japan in 1921 under the
in fee simple; the lots will not be sale evidence of the work of the American Friend Peace Scholarship plan, finished
able or transferable. A ninety-nine Board here in years gone by and his a special course at Punahou in June,
year lease will be executed and the fees brother, who has recently returned from departing soon after for the mainland.
will amount to one dollar per annum. Europe, spoke on "Present Day World Miss Inouye is registered for summer
The Commission has wisely decided Conditions." He called the roll of the work at Columbia University and will
that there must be no factional divi countries of Europe and Asia, indicat enter Radcliffe College in September.
sions on the subjects of politics and re ing the unrest and ferment of new ideas She is the first young woman to study
ligion ; nothing will be allowed to in in each and of their supreme need of in America under the Peace Scholar
terfere with the harmony and peace sane constructive forward-looking lead ship.
176 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

were recorded at the time in their out

Kohala in Retrospect going letters.
"We have a new principal, name Miss
THE summons which came from Ko TO visit Kohala Seminary after an ab M. L. Gardner. She is so kind and al
hala to Cleveland twenty-three years sence of more than twenty years, to hear ways having a smiling face."
ago bidding my sister and me to teach reports of the students whom she had known
and to visit their homes—modern, well-kept Again: "John, I don't want you to
in Hawaii was eagerly, yet withal fear-
Christian homes—was the happy experience write a crooked margin because our
somely, accepted. There was only a
which came to Miss Gardner, a former principal doesn't want to see a letter
vague knowledge of the "Sandwich Isl
principal, this summer. Miss Gardner was that is all out of sight, she taught us
ands" stored in my mind; two lonely
received with true Hawaiian Aloha every how to use nice English."
facts were therein lodged ; that Captain
Cook had had an unpleasant experience where she went, but that which she gave A Chinese girl wrote: "We girls
somewhere on these isles and that a was to her an equal delight. It was at her that come here have learned a great
few native Hawaiians had gone as mis suggestion that a meeting of former stu deal and find educations are given us
sionaries to Micronesia. dents was held at the Mission Memorial on by the teachers. There is a fine large
I was not even accurately informed August 7th. At this meeting an organiza piano, many nice furniture and fine
as to Captain Cook's end, for I believed tion known as the Daughters of Kohala pictures fit for anyone's eye."
the story of a conversation between a was formed. It is the aim of this organiza Another Girl: "I am growing to be
certain white trader and a native. When tion to continue an active interest in the life a woman and I know this is my time
the former asked the latter whether he and welfare of the Kohala Girls' School. to be ready with every housekeeping
had white blood in his veins the Ha Miss Gardner is a teacher of English in duties, so now is my time to swallow
waiian replied, "Yes, my grandfather the High School of Cleveland, O. She de in the goodness which are taught to
ate Captain Cock." parted for the mainland on August 9th. me by my teachers."
That, I soon learned was a criminally The girl who penned these lines in
inaccurate statement ! on the way to the train, "for better or 1900 must have digested the "goodness
for worse!" which are taught" for she is now an
My welcome to Kohala began in
Honolulu through the cordial interest Like scores, yes hundreds of other educator on the Big Island, an efficient,
fortunate persons before and after our enthusiastic, reliable leader, a power in
of Mr. W. A. Bowen, Rev. John Lead-
time, we were introduced to Kohala the church and in the community.
ingham, Mr. Charles Atherton, Mrs.
Lydia Bingham Coan, and others who folk from the home of Dr. and Mrs. May I add a word to these remis-
congratulated us upon being sent to Bond. The readers of The Friend will cences? After twenty years' absence
appreciate what this meant to young from Hawaii, I find the greatest joy
"delightful Kohala."
women who might otherwise have felt during this five weeks' visit in meeting
Upon reaching Mrs. C. A. Fraser's themselves strangers in a strange land. again more than forty of my Kohala
hospitable lanai at Mahukona, we met,
As the fall term of the Girls' School girls, seeing their homes and their chil
among others, Mr. James Renton of
was to begin in two weeks, I spent dren, knowing their records since leav
Union Mill. We knew a few Kohala
several days on horseback visiting the ing the school, and hearing from com
names and when we inquired of Mr.
homes of prospective pupils. My com petent judges that the majority of these
Renton whether he happened to be re
petent guide and interpreter was Miss girls have made good as mothers and
lated to Mrs. Bond, he replied seriously
Annie Patsen Chung (now Mrs. L. Y. teachers.
and hesitatingly, "Ye-es, through her
Aiona of Honolulu), who patiently in Not only is my "investigation" per
mother." structed me in the art of horsemanship
What resident of Kohala can ever sonally gratifying; far more important
and tactfully approached the Hawaiian than this is the conviction which I find
forget Mrs. Fraser? I find this in my and Chinese parents on the subject of
journal of August, 1899: "Mrs. Fraser among Island educators and other
sending their girls to our school. thoughtful citizens that Kohala Semin
is a happy, jolly woman. Mr. Fraser, I
The opening day I shall never forget. ary, the only home training school for
suppose is the postmaster." The pupils came afoot and on horse girls on Hawaii, has a vital work to
After a cheering welcome by Mrs. back. There were groups from Kona, do. Its healthful situation, its tradi
Fraser, we boarded the "20th Century Waimea, Hamakua, Hilo and a few tions, the records of its graduates, its
Unlimited" train which took us ten from Maui and Molokai. The tuition present management, its equipment (bet
miles in one and one-half hours and was brought in various forms: silver ter than ever before) all make their ap
deposited us in Kohala at some distance dollars (cartwheels, they seemed to peal to lovers and well-wishers of
from Dr. Bond's and the Seminary. me), quilts, woven articles, lauhala, Hawaii.
My journal reads thus: "They call vegetables, etc. But what I best re
Readers of The Friend, visit the Ko
it the crookedest road in the world. member is the wealth of friendly feel
hala Girls' School, interest your friends
The engineers must have been opposed ing with which they came, their eager
in it. Keep it going I
to bridges for we wasted lots of time ness to learn English and their willing
going around gulches." ness to take part in all the activities of MARY L. GARDNER,
At the station, Mrs. Dr. Bond greet the institution.
Their impressions of the place and Honolulu, Aug. 4, 1922.
ed us and as we drove mauka, confessed
that she had been muttering to herself of their new and inexperienced principal (1930 East 81 Street, Cleveland, Ohio)
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 177

fications so essential in the wife of the

President of the Punahou School.
Punahou has completed under Presi
dent Griffiths a great stage of its ex
istence in material endowment, in build,
ings and in the number of its pupils.
This epoch of twenty years has closed.
The demands on the School today are
far more complex than they were in
1902. To meet these demands and to
continue to serve the community ade
quately, requires careful study and de
voted service on the part of the Trus
tees of the Punahou corporation. In
this work they look confidently to Mr.
Hauck for leadership in the belief that
the mantle of Elijah has fallen on
Elisha.
There can be no progress without
change. Punahou must change to
progress. Building on the experience
of the past, the foundations of which
have been broadly and solidly laid,
A remarkable group showing former students of Kohala Seminary gathered in Hono
lulu at the call of their former principal, Miss Mary L. Gardner. Miss Gardner is ready to venture into new things when
the central figure in the second row. Mrs. T. F. Sedgwick, formerly Misa Grace' sound judgment dictates, Punahou with
Darrow, a classmate of Miss Gardner's at college and her co-worker in 1901 at confidence faces the future.
Kohala Seminary, is seated at her right.

Mission Memorial Taxed !

TT\e Nextf President of Punahou THE Mission Memorial taxed! This
By Albert F. Judd year for the first time we are pay
ing taxes and a goodly sum too. And
ARTHUR ANDREW HAUCK, the practice successfully some of their ad why? "Why not?" says somebody.
new President of the Punahou vanced ideas in progressive education. That is what the tax appeal court
School reached Honolulu August 15. asked. We tried to tell them after this
During the war Mr. Hauck served fashion :—
Mrs. Hauck and their two small chil
in the psychological division of the
dren, a boy and a girl, accompanied "Church? why of course. Do we
Hospital Corps as sergeant in unit 261
him. not have Church services on Sunday
of the 16th Division. He volunteered
Mr. Hauck, born in Minnesota, the for service and did not seek the ex and are we not conducting a training
youngest of eight sons, graduated from emption which otherwise would have school (the Honolulu Bible Training
Reed College, Portland, Oregon, and at been his lot. Three of his brothers also School) that completely overflows the
once entered the profession of teaching, served in the army. His four older entire building every Sunday? What
filling successively positions of responsi brothers served in the Spanish War is more we are doing the work of 106
bility at Boise, Idaho and at Dayton, and his father was a veteran of the churches seven days in the week. They
Ohio. Recently he has been assistant Civil War. depute to us some of their most im
Dean and Professor of Education at portant functions such as missionary
With this family tradition of service
Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, work. We do their planning for them,
and with his rich experience in the
and principal of the Antioch Preparatory arrange their schedules for them, col
practical problems of teaching and
School. His experience at Dayton was lect their moneys and pay their sal
school administration, Mr. Hauck is
gained as assistant principal of the aries—when they need such help. Nay,
welcomed to the Punahou campus by
Moraine Park School, a school known more. They,—the Churches—own the
the Honolulu community.
to all interested in secondary education. Mission Memorial, for "The BOARD
Antioch College was founded in 1853 He is a young man of strong phys OF THE HAWAIIAN EVANGELI
by Horace Mann. To those who wish ique, quiet in his manner and voice, CAL ASSOCIATION is only their
to know more about Antioch College as giving at once the decided impression Executive body which they elect every
it is now organized, there is recom of possessing character, poise, good year. Therefore strictly speaking the
mended an article in the May Atlantic judgment and the capacity to lead. He Mission Memorial is a part of the
Monthly on "What is College for?" by inspires confidence and appears to be a churches—is a church.
Arthur E. Morgan its President, prac very likeable person.
Is this not entirely logical? We
tical engineer of broad experience who Mrs. Hauck also makes an agreeable thank you for your agreement on this
with his associates are putting into impression and seems to have the quali_ point, but unfortunately it does not
178 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

serve, for the Tax Appeal Court says, of the Church. That seems to be the as he travels about, of our wonderful
"Nay, but you are not a church." modern point of view. Islands. Thus we will secure some ex
"But do you not hold entertainments The decision read this way, "From cellent publicity.
in the Hall? And for money too?" the evidence submitted the court is of The evening on the campus was spent
(That is what the Tax Appeal people the opinion and finds, that the said in a most enoyable way. There were
said and of course if we were making Mission Memorial property being neith music, speeches and good fellowship.
money in this process we rightly should er a church site, nor a burial ground, There were speeches by representatives
be classed as 'tax dodgers'.) Aye, we the assessment of the Tax Assessor is of the earlier graduating classes and the
take in about enough to keep us in re hereby upheld by the Court." classes of more recent years. Mr. Theo
pairs, but what of that? In one form This means that we will have to pay dore Richards represented the former
or other that is what all churches do. $2848.24 this year when we are etn- faculty and associates and Mr. Thomp
Here is a debatable point. It is a barassed by our biggest overdraft in son responded with a very interesting
somewhat curious thing that a Tax history. impromptu speech that was highly en
Appeal Court should sit on what is The remedy is with the legislature. tertaining. The first graduating class
proper for a Church to do in its walls. It is clear that however correct, the was represented by one of its members
The writer agrees insofar as the gen decision of the court may be on purely who with an appropriate speech pre
eral principle is concerned that it would technical grounds, our property is of sented to Mr. and Mrs. Thompson a
be better if the Church of Christ did that sort that was plainly intended to scroll with an expression signed by all
not depend on any form of income be exempt. Then we must get a bill the surviving members of that class.
other than gifts of His followers. But of special exemption not only for the
We regret to see the Thompsons go
a great many people, constituents of future but covering the amount which
we lose this year through a technicality. but feel that they have left behind
this Board too,—think that whatever
them a legacy the value of which can
concerns the interests of people con Our friends in the legislature will
never be estimated. It will continue
cerns the Church. Therefore enter doubtless see to this.
tainments are welcomed within the walls to grow and multiply through every
T. R.
generation of the Hawaiian People
whose progenitors were directly in
fluenced toward right living by the
teaching and example of these their
Mr. and Mrs. U. Thompson true friends.
CHESTER LIVINGSTON
rpHE quiet and almost unheralded de- ing of school alumni and friends who
-*- parture of these friends of Hawaii came together to express to Mr. and
DR. SCUDDER SERIOUSLY
typifies in an admirable way the un Mrs. Thompson their aloha and esteem
INJURED
ostentatious and modest life they have and appreciation of their inestimable
spent in our midst. They have de service to Hawaii.
The following from a Williamstown,
voted more than one third of a century Previous to this meeting in response Mass. newspaper under date of August
to the giving of their best efforts in to an announcement of the proposed 3rd brings distressing though incom
a quiet way to the betterment of the gathering' there came scores of letters plete news concerning an accident which
Hawaiian People and by precept and from those friends who were away befell Dr. Doremus Scudder :
example have shown all how to live so from the city and unable to be present. "Rev. Dr. Doremus Sludder, aged 57,
as to get the most out of life. As these letters were so filled with of Winchester, secretary of the Greater
They are now retiring with the plan spontaneous expressions of good wishes Boston Federation of Churches and a
of spending a winter in Southern Cali and aloha for the Thompsons it was student of Williams College Institute of
fornia, after which they expect to go Politics, is at the North Adams Hos
decided to have the entire collection
to New York City to join their four pital with a fractured skull and minor
bound in a volume and presented to
children and their families who are lo injuries. He was hit while on his way
them to carry with them on their jour
cated in that city. to hear an Institute lecture by an auto
ney.
mobile driven by Mrs. Arthur Lewis, a
During the entire period of residence Many of those who wrote letters summer resident of Hancock, and wife
in the Islands Mr. Thompson has been were anxious that a gift be made to of a New York lawyer: Mrs. Lewis
connected with The Kamehameha express their appreciation for past ser is charged with operating without a
Schools in various capacities. It has vices and favors, so they enclosed gen license and operating in a dangerous
long been common among the school erous contributions. These amounts manner. She asserted she saw Rev.
graduates to regard his personality as were expended in the purchase of a Dr. Scudder and sounded her horn and
the prime factor in the shaping of their hundred colored lantern slides and a shouted to him but kept on going until
lives. It is with deep regret therefore collection of photographs of Island
that we realize that he is leaving the he was hit."
scenes. There may have been a some
Islands. what selfish motive in the selection of The many friends of Dr. and Mrs.
A few weeks ago on the school this gift, for it will serve to encourage Scudder in Hawaii anxiously await fur
campus there was an impromptu gather Mr. Thompson to tell all his friends, ther word as to his condition.
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 179

of the year 1916 and the appearance

Inferior Races of Boys in Juvenile Court was as fol
lows:
By George L. Cady, D. D., Hawaiians 1 to every 107 population
A. M. A. Chinese 1 " " 213
IT IS a rather subtle and caustic re so caricaturing a man even by such Portuguese 1 " " 266
flection on the methods of the domi indirection. There is a Japanese Po Japanese 1 " " 1,902
nant races when Prof. Seligman re tato King, George Shima by name but Former Superintendent Kinney of the
marks "Any group which desires ma he is as fine a Christian gentleman as Department of Public Schools in Ha
terial advantages from the exploitation can be found, thoroughly trustworthy, waii says in the Atlantic Monthly of
of another group always takes pains to dependable, law abiding and moral. He perhaps a year ago:
characterize its victim as inferior"— is a good neighbor and a good citizen. "The average white child is in less
it sort of furnishes a salve to the con He is the sponsor of the whole Chris danger of moral contamination in as
science for the process of stealing. If tian community in which he lives and sociation with Japanese children than
in addition to that we can only make ardently supports the Methodist Church. is the Japanese in association with the
them out to be dangerous and degener His patriotism was expressed in pur whites and the chief difference in adult
ate morally, we shall have established chasing $180,000 worth of Liberty life is that the Japanese does more or
a full raison d'etre for our exploita Bonds. less openly that which with us is done
tion. But California herself furnishes under cover."
Recently I listened to a Congress startling evidence on this question. In He points out that with the Japanese
man from California (who may repre the Atlantic Monthly of July, 1922, youth there is none of those vulgar
sent his State politically but who cer there is an article by Oliver C. Laizure, pictures and writing which is so com
tainly misrepresents a very large por Chaplain-Director of Education in the mon on walls etc. in both city and
tion of the splendid people of that San Quentin State Prison of California. town among the white school children.
growing State from either a humani He says that there were 1170 prisoners It is not probable that the Japanese
tarian or Christian standpoint) spend admitted during the past year and of race is composed of saints and it is
a good part of an hour in proving the these 838 were entered as Americans, probable that they are made up of
Japanese to be immoral and criminal. 142 Mexican, 48 were from the British about the same common clay with the
He told of this crime and that lust, of Islands or Canada, 93 from the rest of rest of us but all the evidence so far
this sinister and that cunning opera Europe, 9 Indians, 11 Chinese, 3 Japa introduced to convict them of being
tion of individual Japanese and by the nese, 15 from other parts of Asia and abnormally immoral or criminal, will
law of suggestion led them to make the rest scattering. The results by the have to be ruled out as "incompetent,
the leap from the particular to the last census are not at hand so that irrelevant and immaterial." If they
general and lump the whole race in as we cannot accurately divide California are undesirable citizens, it will have to
utterly un-social. And then he added up according to the races. But we do be established on other than moral
"There may be such a thing as a moral know that there are 72,000 Japanese in grounds.
and honest Japanese, but I never, saw the State, we guess that there cannot President Harding in his recent 4th
one and I doubt if such an one exists." be over 100,000 Mexicans (otherwise of July address at Marion, Ohio said—
Of course if that can be established it how could it be possible that the poli "My one outstanding conviction, after
goes a long ways toward removing the ticians and Hearst should not have ere sixteen months in the Presidency is
Japanese from any sympathy and lays this started an anti-Mexican campaign that the greatest traitor to his country
a foundation for the economic exploita to keep California "white"?) and there is he who appeals to prejudice and in
tion which the late California laws at are probably not over 50,000 Chinese in flames passion, when sober judgment
tempted to make legal. California and suppose we grant that and honest speech are so necessary to
This was also the main thesis in the all the rest of the 3,500,000 inhabitants firmly establish tranquility and se
recent novels such as "Her Father's of that fast growing state are of the curity."
Daughter" and the "Pride of Palomar." dominant and dominating "white race,"
Yankee Ingenuity, Missionary Instruc
A Japanese High School boy attempts then we would arrive at the following
interesting facts: tion and Hawaiian Industry
murder— (in Fiction) —ergo, all Japa
Mexicans, 1 entrance of every 753 Combined
nese are to be feared and suspected.
Mr. Kyne in his "Pride of Palomar" population ; "Whites", 1 entrance of From THE FRIEND, July, 1843.
pictures to us the Japanese Potato King every 3,258 population ; Chinese, 1 en It is now four years since Mrs. Lo
as a criminal through and through who trance of every 4.545 population ; Jap well Smith, at the suggestion of Mr.
steals, plans murder, is an enemy of anese, 1 entrance of every 26,000 popu Milo Calkin, instructed a native woman
man and state, as despicable criminal lation. to make the first sugar bag. Since that
as could be found and this Potato King The record of the Japanese race in time not less than 65,000 bags have
is typical of the whole race. It is evi Hawaii is not so favorable but the bal been made and sold for $6,500 (or ten
dent that he intends to convey the im ance is still against the superior morals cents each). A very handsome sum
pression that every Japanese is morally of the white man. I found that the for native female industry ! It is but
like this Potato King. There ought to Japanese had a lower ratio of their justice to remark that most of this
be in even a democracy of free speech race in the Oahu prison than any other. labor has been performed by females
some method to prevent a writer from And the criminal tendencies of the connected with the Rev. L. Smith's
180 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

Society in Honolulu. During the first of the members of Mr. Smith's congre Mr. Franklin sets forth .as one of his
year the females contributed about $400 gation. grievances that the rights of minorities,
toward the erection of their house of N. B. The quantity of bags required which the Constitution was intended to
worship. The natives in other parts of for the Koloa Plantation for the cur protect, are now violated by this amend
the islands are following the example rent year will exceed fifteen thousand. ment. He says nothing about the open
defiance of such rights by the liquor
traffic when it was in the saddle.
There isn't an advocate of prohibition
"Hlte Ha^oc of Prohibition"— A Criticism living who couldn't give him lessons
which he seems to need, concerning
B$ Geo. H. De Kay, Supt. Anti-Saloon League of Hawaii the attitude of the liquor trade and its
EVERY one who pays any attention tion of law, and said that "every young friends towards the rights of minori
to the prohibition question today man entering upon his career must de ties before prohibition became the law
knows there is much violation of the cide whether he too will, condone and of the nation. But he ought to know
law. He knows also that there is a even abet such disregard of law, or that whenever a city, or a county or a
determined effort on the part of the whether he will set his face firmly state voted "dry," or even passed re
enemies of prohibition to discredit the against it." And then, while admitting strictive or regulative measures, im
law in every possible way, and to se that there are some other causes for mediately the wholesalers, distillers and
cure in any way possible nullification of this spirit of lawlessness, Mr. Franklin brewers began there a campaign of
it. And, again, if he has followed the sets forth as the major premise of his violation of the law. Which was one
long fight for the overthrow of the argument that "the one cause which of the contributing factors in bringing
liquor traffic he knows that both the transcends all. others both in underlying about total prohibition as the only way
violations and the efforts to discredit importance and in the permanence of to deal with such a lawless business.
the law are simply what was to be its nature, the cardinal grievance
expected. He is utterly ignorant of Mr. Franklin also charges "a con
against which the unprecedented con
spiracy of silence on the part of the
some of the underlying causes which tempt for law on the part of high-
minded and law abiding citizens ( !■) is Anti-Saloon League and the prohibition
led to prohibition if he does not know
directed is the Eighteenth Amendment." enforcement officers" as to certain pro
this.
Judge Thomas, of the District Court He calls it "a monstrosity so gross visions of the law. He says, "They dare
of Appeals, California, says: "In my that thirty years ago no thinking Amer not even go so far as to make it gen
judgment the liquor traffic is the most ican would have regarded it as a pos erally known that 'home brew' is a
lawless combination within the confines sibility." "A crime against the Consti violation of the law." He couples this
of the country. It has always talked tution—against the whole spirit of our with the extravagant statement that
regulation, it has never lived up to its Federal system, and against the first millions of people are making home
regulations. As soon as a law intended principles of rational, government." brew and don't know it is against the
for its regulation had been adopted I do not know how old a man Mr. law. I venture to say that if Mr.
immediately the liquor traffic set about Franklin may be, nor just what com Franklin will write to League Head
finding some avenue of escape and to pany he kept in his earlier days, but quarters he can gain some real informa
find some way to violate it without I knew many of thirty years ago who tion on this point which might help to
having to be sent to the penitentiary. were generally classed as thotful people make The Independent more truly what
The liquor traffic right now is doing who not only considered National Pro it claims to be "a journal of informa
everything in its power to cripple en hibition as a possibility but advocated tion." Here in Hawaii the League has
forcement." it, and did their part in bringing it sent out within the past year two print
One expects this, I say, from the about. But perhaps we were wrong in ed statements concerning what consti
enemies of Prohibition, but it comes classing Francis Willard, and John G. tutes violation of the law, and "home
as something of a shock to many of Woolley. Bishop Luther B. Wilson, brew" expressly so called is mentioned.
us who have for years read The Inde Howard Russell, Purley A. Baker, and Also "any tablet or compound designed
pendent and learned to look upon it as those others whose name is legion for the unlawful manufacture of liquor."
one of the leaders of religious and among "thinking Americans." It may Is it possible that we of Hawaii are
social thot of the nation to find in it be true that the Independent Order of so much ahead of our brethren in the
now such an article as appeared in the Good Templars, and the W.C.T.U. states ?
issue of July 8th under the caption of really included in their membership no My criticism, however, of the whole
the Havoc of Prohibition, by Fabian one entitled to be so classed. But both article is not that the writer thus ex
Franklin one of the editors. As many these orders stood openly for the ulti poses his ignorance or his intentional
who read the Friend do not have ac mate prohibition, of the liquor traffic. disregard of facts easily ascertained,
cess to The Independent perhaps some For years past the especial object of but that the spirit of the article is in
resume and criticism of the article may all the hatred and venomous attacks of herently vicious and calls for the pro
be timely. the liquor trade has been the Anti- test of every right minded reader of The
The writer begins by quoting Pres. Saloon League, and that was organized Independent. He but thinly veils, al
Angel in his recent baccalaureate ad thirty years ago for the express pur most openly declares the doctrine that
dress when he spoke of the widespread pose of finally ridding the nation of the any citizen has a right to violate any
prevalence and condonement of viola curse of the liquor traffic. law which does not meet his personal
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 181

approval. This he advances all thru "It is the choice of evils, he says, and Court of Appeals : "When crime has
the article, but especially when he says it is not surprising that many good dared the law to combat upon any field,
regarding the prohibition law that there
citizens regard the last of the three there let the fight be without quarter
are three things which may be done
about it "either to supinely submit to choices as the best." until law stands undisputed master of
it,—or to seek a law to nullify the Can we say anything better in reply the field."
Constitution or to express their resent to such a declaration than was said re The Independent ought to hear from
ment by contemptuously ignoring it." cently by Judge Stone of U. S. Circuit readers of The Friend.

whom he received the heritage of bril

Robert Louis Stevenson in Samoa liant fancy and quaint thought which
By Rev. W. E. Clarke made him great. The friendship, in
spiration, and sympathy I received in
(Letter from R. L. S. continued from last WHILE lacking all but the most meager the delightful intercourse of those
month) week-end visits are some of my most
information. The Friend published last
May we not have sometimes faith precious memories.
month the announcement of the death in While thinking of the strong vein of
enough to think the frank step the
England of the Rev. W. E. Clarke, of deep religion which underlay the nature
right one? Surely we may. And
Samoa. of this gay, witty, and vivacious life, I
there can be no doubt the only
"The Chronicle," organ of the London recall a visit to Samoa of Dr. James
honest thing is to discriminate boldly
Missionary Society, which has since come Chalmers, the veteran pioneer mission
between the use and the abuse in this
to hand gives further details: ary who was murdered by the natives
as in all things. Cowardice lies in the
"He (Mr. Clarke) was born at Wal in New Guinea, and who was affection
extremes, whether of severity or of in
sall, in 1854, and went from the Wednes- ately known as "Tamate" throughout
dulgence.
"I wish you to understand, should bury Road Church there to Samoa in the South Pacific. Chalmers was a
any difficulty follow, my pen, and my 1883. Mrs. Clarke, who came from man of infinite charm and humor, and a
influence, such as it is, will be very St. Columb, went with him, but unfortun man whose daily life was one of peril,
gladly made ready to defend you in ately the island climate did not agree with Papua at that time being saturated with
what the ignorant may have thought a her, and they both returned to England in cannibalism and savagery. He had come
very natural step, and I, enlightened by 1886. A year later another start was to Samoa to recruit native missionary
yourself, think a very bold one. made, but after nine more years of ser volunteers for that dangerous service
vice Mr. Clarke resigned for family reasons. and was a guest at my house. R. L. S.
"Yours very sincerely,
"Twenty years later another call to serve was charmed with him and took up his
"Robert Louis Stevenson."
the Society came to Mr. Clarke and found abode with us during the whole month
Happily, no difficulty followed, nor him instantly ready. He rejoined the Sa- "Tamate" was in Samoa. On Chalmer's
was the Siva marred by any impro moan Mission in 1917 for temporary ser departure R. L. S. wrote him a letter,
priety. vice and was there during the terrible in a phrase of which is most illuminating:
There is a little English church at fluenza epidemic in November, 1918. On "Oh, Tamate, if I had met you when
Apia in which a service is held on his way home he represented the Board at I was a boy and a bachelor how differ
Sunday evenings, after the native ser the Centennial celebration in Hawaii, reach ent my life would have been."
vices are concluded, and R. L. S. and ing England in August, 1920. It will give some indication of the
his mother regularly attended it. There "He has passed away at the age of 68, interest R. L. S. manifested in the re
was a curiously composite assembly. A leaving a name that will ever be thought of ligious life of the natives of Samoa
sprinkling of refined and educated men, with affection. Always seeing and follow when I mention that on two occasions
the consuls, officers from the warships, ing the highest principles of action, kindly he addressed the students of the
a few government officials, a number and conciliatory in manner, he was ready to pastor's training institution at Malua,
of the men of the "Beach"—rough in share with everyone the benefits of his ex and that for some months he taught a
exterior, but men who had graduated tensive and ordered knowledge of things class of half-caste children in the Sun
in the school of travel and experience Samoan. Stevenson's views about mission day School of the European church at
—a residuum of half-castes and illiter aries changed in their favor during the Apia.
ates who could receive truth only in its years in which he had Clarke for a friend. He was also much interested in a
simplest form. Amongst this motley About 1908 Mr. Clarke published a small little monthly magazine printed in the
crowd sat R. L. S. and his mother, the book, 'Reminiscences of R. L. Stevenson.' " vernacular, called the "Sulu" (Torch),
latter's fine, intellectual face alight with which enjoys a large circulation among
eager devoutness; R. L. S. reverent in the natives, and on one occasion he ex
attitude, tender to his mother, fraternal exceptionally fine, with a good moon, pressed a desire to contribute some
to myself. she rode back to Vailima with her son. thing to its pages. Needless to say, the
Stevenson and his mother usually It was pleasant to see the attention of offer was eagerly accepted, and he gave
spent the week-end at the mission house R. L. S. to his mother, and her pas us the manuscript of the story of "The
to avoid the long ride in the heavy sionate devotion to him ; and as we Bottle Imp." The story was duly
night damp after the heated atmosphere Listened to the conversation of this translated into Samoan, was published
of the church, but if the night were gracious lady it was easy to divine from as a serial in the pages of the "Sulu,"
182 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

and was read with delight in hundreds figure as he stood on the veranda, your conduct upon the natives, who re
of thatched Samoan houses before it drenched and shivering. He refused to gard you as a Christian man, and as
appeared to gratify the army of more stay the night himself, fearing it might our friend, and do you, moreover, think
critical readers in Europe and America. alarm his wife and mother, and being a. you have set a dignified example to
It was the first excursion of the Sa- little apprehensive at the possibility of the young Englishmen and Germans,
moans into the region of fiction, and, becoming ill away from home. We many of them only just freed from the
the scene being laid in Hawaii in a gave him a rub-down, a dry flannel restraints of home?"
local coloring much like their own, it suit, a hot drink, and some food, and R. L. S. stood tugging at his mou
was difficult at first for them to realize covered with a dry rain-coat he made stache during this fusillade, a group
that the characters were the creation his way back to Vailima in the pelting of German officers on the veranda near
of fancy and not veritable men and rain. Next morning a boy arrived with him looking on wonderingly. After
women. a note : musing in silence for some minutes, he
Stevenson thoroughly appreciated the "Dear Clarke: I was meaning to turned round and, holding out his hand,
peculiar difficulty of religious work have ridden down but here is Mr. exclaimed: "Forgive me, Mrs. Clarke,
among the cosmopolitan white popula who offers to do my errand. Will you you are quite right, and I was alto
tion of Apia, and rarely offered sug kindly entrust this messenger with gether wrong. I regret it with all my
gestions, and never any criticism. He some of your fever medicine, and a heart." "Well," said my wife, looking
was, however, generous with his purse, word as to the dose. I got back all significantly across at the Germans,
and he never refused his personal ser right last night, but the track was dark "you must prove your contrition." R. '
vice when asked. Remembering the as Hades. My wife had a hot bath in L. S. consented and, advancing towards
frailty of his health, and the strenuous readiness, physicked me to raise my them, remarked that he had just been
and meticulous labor he expended in his temperature, jawed me and raised my expressing his regret for the part they
study, I was chary of asking his ser temper, and then put me to bed!' I am took in the paper-chase on Sunday, as
vices. I remember two occasions on O. K. this morning, but no more Sab suring her, on their behalf and his own,
which he made a public appearance. bath breaking for the repentant. that they would not again be guilty of
One was a lecture on the Marquesas, R. L. S." such misconduct. "I am sure," he added,
which he gave on behalf of the church I recall another time when Stevenson "that you feel with me that we were
funds ; the other was a reading at an organized a paper-chase on horseback altogether wrong, and setting an ex
entertainment for some charitable ob for a Sunday's amusement and, with a tremely bad example to all the 'Beach.' '
ject, at which he read the chapter on large company of young officers from At this moment one of the young Eng
the hurricane from "A Footnote to His the men-of-war in the harbor and the lish naval officers rode up and my wife
tory," not then published. R. L. S. was clerks and others connected with the remarked, "There is your second op
not very successful as a lecturer. There German Plantation Company, careered portunity, you owe it to your own
was a crowded house, and a full treasury, with much vociferous noise through the countrymen." "Ah!" replied he, "now
but he was consumed with nervousness, native villages at the hour of worship, you ask me something much harder, but
and so obviously ill at ease that we all to the great indignation and discomfort I'll do it" ; and, greeting the young offi
suffered with him. of the Samoan pastors. I believe that cer he went on to say with tha charm of
The inveterate bohemianism of R. L. he persuaded himself at the moment manner so entirely his own : "I was
S. was perpetually in evidence, and that he was acting rightly, influenced just expressing to these gentlemen my
sometimes caused friction at the mis by the sincere feeling that it was better contrition and regret that we should
sion house, but it was difficult to be for these young men to be so employed have allowed ourselves to forget our
angry long with one who was charming than in their usual. Sabbath occupations, principles as we did last Sunday; we
alike in his outbreaks against conven but also fully aware that it would be all did wrong and I have been apolo
tion and in his subsequent repentance— displeasing to us. R. L. S. did not turn gizing to Mrs. Clarke for the pain we
for he always did repent! I recall an up at the mission house on Monday, must have caused our missionary
incident, on one Sunday, when he but the next day he sent an invitation friends. I am sure that I express the
joined a party of New Zealand tourists to my wife and me to dine at Vailima. feelings of us all when I assure her we
who had arrived on an excursion steam I declined, pleading my work, but real shall not so transgress again." To make
er, and went to the adjoining island of ly feeling too angry with him ; my such an avowal in a place like Apia,
Savaii for a pleasure trip. In the after wife, however, went. When asked, she where the Sabbath was systematically
noon the weather changed ; there was a frankly said that I had not come be disregarded by most of the white popu
fierce gale of wind, the Savaii moun cause I had too much affection for him lation, required plenty of moral cour
tains were wreathed in a driving mist, to quarrel, and I was feeling too sore age. News travels quickly along the
and long before nightfall there was a to ignore the matter if we met. R. "Beach." Before night it was known
tropical downpour of torrential rain. L. S. attempted an argument to justify in every German household, and in the
Some time after we had retired to bed himself, but my wife refused a discus wardroom of every gunboat in the bay,
we heard a knocking at the door ; it sion, exclaiming: "I have no doubt that R. L. S. had openly expressed his
was R. L. S. very shamefaced, who had you can easily silence me in argument,
penitence for the misspent Sunday.
come to beg a night's shelter for Mrs. but I am astonished that you attempt
Strong, who had accompanied him. His any justification. You know quite well I remember one occasion on which I
clothes were clinging around him, and that you did wrong. What would Sa came into conflict with my European
the rain pouring off at every possible moa be like without a Sabbath? And parishioners when R. L. S. intervened
angle. He looked an abject and pitiable have you not thought of the effect of with much kindness. A day of public
August, 1922. THE FRIEND 183

sports had been planned by the British of showman, improvising a story to dressed this time, not to myself, but to
consul, and the European residents to suit each picture. On one of these oc the native king of Samoa. This letter
gether with some of the naval men casions R. L. S. made a map of an has reference to the opium habit. Sev
were to be competitors. Permission island, carefully elaborating an outline eral Chinamen had settled in Samoa
was asked to use the mission compound of the bays and harbors. The map was and had married native wives. Through
for some of the events, and of course carefully colored, and duly affixed to them the opium habit was already be
it was willingly granted. Much interest the wall. ing acquired in some Samoan families,
was displayed and a public holiday was It was thus that the story of "Trea and R. L. S. thought the danger suffi-
arranged for the event. All went well sure Island" had its inception. It was cently serious to warrant legislation
until a couple of days beforehand, all woven around the outline of the against it ; hence his letter to King
when a committee began to erect a map. He declared that his unconscious Malietoa. The old king brought it to
"totalizator" in the compound. At this plagiarism from Washington Irving's me for • translation, and I afterwards
I felt bound to protest, and indeed to "Tales of a Traveller," which in his begged from him the original letter,
declare that betting in any form could younger days he had read with much which I thought was a most interesting
not be allowed on the mission premises. delight, was absolutely glaring; the document—and in this opinion I feel
The "Beach," with whom I was usually skeleton was obtained from Poe; the sure that my readers will heartily
on the best of terms, took serious um parrot stolen from "Robinson Cursoe," agree :
brage at this, and the local paper had and the stockade from "Masterman "Apia, June 20, 1890.
some very vigorous leaders on mis Ready." But the audience was so de "To His Majesty King Malietoa
sionary bigotry and prejudice, and my lighted with the first performance that Laupepa :
congregation on Sunday night suddenly they begged for more, and so it became "May it please your Maesty—I have
shrunk to zero. R. L. S. was some a continued narrative for many after seen recently published a law directed
what concerned at this last manifesta noons. He had partly completed the against liquor drinking amongst your
tion, for he liked the friendly feeling writing of the story when Dr. Alex Majesty's subjects, and this has brought
of the "Beach" towards their padre, ander Japp, who was on a mission to into my mind another and kindred
and, finding me inaccessible to any com unearth new writers for the editor of danger, to which I desire to call your
promise, he offered his services as me a magazine called "Young Folks' Pa Majesty's attention. The practice of
diator. To this I willingly agreed. He per," came on a visit and pressed him eating and smoking opium is one easily
therefore called together the committee, to finish it and allow it to be published. learnt ; wherever Chinamen go they
invoked the consular support, and The bargain was made, and the story, bring the drug habit along with them,
pleaded the missionary position so suc with the nursery map, was duly sent and, as soon as their own appetite is
cessfully that the totalizator was ex to the publishers. It was printed with satisfied, it is their next thought to
cluded and notice posted forbidding bet out the map, and without any illustra spread the habit, and make money by
ting in any form on the sport ground. tions, and attracted no attention. the sale. Their native wives will be
My parishioners, however, did not un More than a year later, when R. L. S. the first to learn, teach it to their
reservedly forgive me. They declined in a state of impecuniosity was looking friends, and from one to another the
to use the mission compound, and I through some of his manuscripts with vice may soon spread throughout an
have a shrewd suspicion that, notwith a view to turning one of them into a island or a group. Nothing is more
standing the prohibition, a good deal little much needed hard cash, he picked quickly learned ; it passes from one to
of money changed hands. up "Treasure Island," and read it another like a song; nothing is so per
R. L. S. has come into his own since through. He decided that as he still nicious ; it feeds upon unaccustomed
those days, but he often used to grum liked it, he would try to republish it; races like a fire upon dry wood. And
ble to me in whimsical fashion that his and so he sent the manuscript to Cassell I assure your Majesty that no race ap
reputation rested largely on the merits and Company and they accepted it. But pears less able to stand the effects of
of a book for boys, which, he declared, here a tragedy happened. The map this drug than that to which your Ma
cost him less labor and contained less had disappeared, and the story had been esty belongs, and over so great a por
originality and more unconscious plagi written up to the map—in fact the map tion of which your Majesty is called
arism than anything he had produced. was the chief feature in the plot. It upon to rule.
Of course, he referred to "Treasure was one thing to draw a map at ran "I will speak only of what I have seen.
Island." He once told me the origin dom, and to weave a story around it; A little while ago the island of Nuka
of the story. It was at his father's but it was a quite different proposition Hiva, in the Marquesas, was filled with
home at Braemar near Balmoral Castle to examine a whole book and tabulate a strong and healthy people. To-day
in Scotland. The weather was tempes- and arrange all the allusions contained anyone walking in the bush stumbles
tous, and he and his school-boy stepson, in it, and then with a pair of compasses continually in the foundations of houses
Lloyd Osbourne, were confined to the to draw a map to scale to suit the and villages deserted; any one sailing
house. The lad, who had a taste for data. The task was accomplished, but, about the coast will be shown bays
painting, amused himself with a box as R. L. S. whimsically remarked, it and valleys left without inhabitants.
of colors, and R. L. S. to keep him killed his liking for the book, which On many islands the folk are dying
happily employed drew pictures in pen he valued chiefly for the welcome swiftly. From Nuka Hiva, they are
and ink which the boy colored. The cheque it produced at a time when he melting like snow. In every village
pictures were pinned upon the nursery was extremely hard up. that I visited, several were lying sick,
wall, and the children assembled in the I close these rambling reminiscences and the sick rarely recover. In one
afternoons, and R. L. S. played the part with one more letter from R. L. S. ad house at the beginning of 1889 seven
184 THE FRIEND August, 1922.

teen people were alive and well ; by led and watched. But I trust your suffered one of his old attacks. But
the month of July one only remained ; Majesty will allow me to offer one sug as I entered the house, a moment's
even the women have ceased to bring gestion. Whatever course may be glance sufficed to show that the end
forth, so that a child is something rare, adopted, the price of opium will rise ; was not far distant.
and tenderly cherished And without it will be worth while to introduce it Two doctors were already in attend
some great change taking place, in a secretly, more worth the Chinaman's ance, Dr. Anderson from the British
very fey years, there will be no one while to teach and spread its use, and gunboat, and Dr. Funk, the skilful
left to light a fire in that great island. corresponding severity of punishment German doctor from Apia. Funk looked
will be required. I beg to suggest that to me with a mute expressive gesture,
"This is due largely to opium ; ninety
any foreigner, other than a doctor, or eloquent in its hoplessness, but they
miles away, in the island of Hiva,
a missionary acting as a doctor, who both worked unremittingly, so long as
where the vice is yet scarce entered,
shall be found to have distributed the there was any possible chance of res
births are more, deaths less. But what
drug either for money or as a gift, piration. A pallet bed was carried into
is due to opium entirely is the degrada
should at once be deported from the the centre of the large hall, a beautiful
tion of men's natures. A man has
islands. room with mullioned windows and an
scarce learned the habit before he be
"Your Majesty may consider whether open staircase, and there we tenderly
comes its slave. We must all eat, and,
in view of the importance of the sub carried him, and I knelt and prayed
if we do not get our food in time, we
ject, a reward should be offered, to be as life slowly ebbed away. The picture
suffer great pain ; but the fool who has
paid, of course, from the pocket of the of that scene rises before me as I write,
learnt the use of opium suffers, when
delinquent. I have the honor to be, the stately hall with its old carved
he cannot get it, pains greater than
starvation. I knew by sight one woman "Your Majesty's obedient servant, furniture, the wasted figure breathing
in Nuka Hiva who used three dollars' "Robert Louis Stevenson." faintly and laboriously on the little
worth of opium in the day ; if she had The third of December, 1894, brought couch, the mother clasping the hand of
less she was in torment ; and I need not to a tragic close the few years of val her beloved son, the native boy servant
tell your Majesty that a woman in such ued friendship and daily intercourse we prostrate at the foot, the wife in a
a state can never be virtuous, or a man had enjoyed with R. L. S. The day stupefaction of grief and revolt stand
honest. When I was there, a man of had been full of fatiguing business, and ing apart at the stairway, statuesque
good character was brought up for it was with a feeling of relief that I and tragic in her despair.
theft, and a Chinaman for having ac prepared for the evening meaL We had A large Union Jack flew over the
cepted the stolen money, knowing it not long been seated when we saw one Vailima house ; they hauled it down,
had been stolen. Both the criminals of the Vailima boys riding up to the and laid it over the body. The news
turned upon the Judge: 'If you did not house in hot haste. I rose from the soon flew round that "Tusitala" had
allow opium,' they said, 'there would be table to receive his message, and with passed away, and then began the long
no stealing. Who steals but to buy the tears streaming down his face he procession of Samoans, bringing their
opium?' And indeed the people there told me that "Tusitala" had been sud last tributes of flowers and fine mats,
are, by their own nature, honest. This denly stricken down—he feared he was to make their vigil by the dead. This
was told me by the French governor dead. I had my horse saddled on the was a relic of the old heathen days,
with shame; for he was a good man, instant, and rode at full speed up the when it was customary to spread fine
although the law he administered is mountain pathway. Although my mind mats over and around the body of their
bad. I have seen besides, upon an was full of vague apprehension, I had dead, and to watch throughout the
other occasion, in another island (which no thought of the actual tragedy. night, singing funeral dirges to ward
I shall not name) the whole life spoiled, Samoans are given to an excess of ex off the approach of evil spirits. The
the laws daily broken, the men and aggeration in moments of crisis, and I heathen significance of this has long
women drunk, and lying fighting in the expected at the worst that R. L. S. had departed, but the custom of bringing
road, and this, because the King him
self had taken to the use of opium and
cared for nothing else. On Kauai, one KEEPS LIQUIDS HOT OR COLD
of the Hawaiian Islands, the vice had
taken root, and the same evils, theft, No recreation out-of-doors can be fully enjoyed unless
death, sterility, have followed. But of there be always at hand a good supply of fresh, pure
liquids for drinking. The Pride of the Farm Thermo Jug
this I speak by hearsay. will keep liquids hot or cold for many hours. It is inex
pensive, handy, and easy to carry in your automobile or
"I supplicate your Majesty to make otherwise. The construction of this jug is most sturdy; it
is made of heavy steel, coated with a special finish of
it a subject of consideration with your battleship gray enamel and attractively striped in red. The
advisers, how best to regulate the intro inside container is of heavy glass, with an extra thick
layer of mineral wool packed between it and the outside
duction of the drug, while there is yet housing, forming the best insulation yet discovered for use
time, and thus prevent the formation in thermo jugs.
of the habit. Opium is a very needful ONE GALLON SIZE $4.75; TWO GALLON, $8.50
medicine ; some must certainly be in
the hands of the doctors and the mis
sionaries, and it will be for your Ma
jesty to decide by what measure the
WWDinvoivd8cfi>LTD
11 -THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES"V
63-65 KING STREET, HONOLULU
amount introduced may best be control
August, 1922. THE FRIEND

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also
Agents for Fire, Life, Marine and Automobile Insurance
 THE FRIEND August, 1922.
186

a fine mat from each chiefly family "We beseech Thee, Lord, to behold marked for sorrow, strong to endure
and of the night-long- vigil still sur us with favour, folk of many families it. We thank Thee and praise Thee;
vives. So throughout that night the and nations gathered together in the and in the words of Him to whom this
native friends of R. L. S. kept their peace of this roof, weak men and wo day is sacred, close our oblation."
vigil. Meanwhile a large gang was men subsisting under the covert of Thy
A short address in the vernacular
employed in hacking the pathway patience. Be patient still ; suffer us
to the Samoan congregation, and prayer,
through the forest up the mountain yet awhile longer;—with our broken
concluded the service.
slope to the little eyrie chosen, for the purposes of good, with our idle en
last resting-place ; the task of digging deavours against evil, suffer us awhile It was thus that R. L. S., the spark
the grave itself being apportioned to longer to endure, and (if it may be) ling genius, the kindly neighbor, the
the native "family." At last the prep- help us to do better. Bless to us our loyal friend, passed from us—in the
urations were complete, the Europeans extraordinary mercies ; if the day come full glow of laborious but congenial
and natives invited were assembled— when these must be taken, brace us to work ; with new enterprises laid out ;
for only friends were invited—and the play the man under affliction. Be with with the bright prospect of realization
Samoans, especially selected for their our friends, be with ourselves. Go held within his grasp ; while as yet
strength, bore away the coffin, covered with each of us to rest ; if any awake, there seemed his highest and greatest
with the red ensign that had floated temper to them the dark hours of work to do. It was a death such as
from the vessel in which Stevenson had watching; and when the day returns, he himself would have chosen.
voyaged on the South Seas. They had return to us, our sun and comforter,
a severe task, for it was no easy mat and call us up with morning faces and Nothing is here for tears, . . .
ter to carry the coffin shoulder high with morning hearts—eager to labour— nothing but well and fair,
along the difficult pathway up that eager to be happy, if happiness shall And what may quiet us in a death so
steep ascent. be our portion—and if the day be noble.
A little later the cortege followed. It
was an arduous climb to that mountain
eyrie ; nineteen Europeans reached the
summit and a much larger company
of Samoans. It is a picturesque and
romantic spot. On either side the We Are All Working Men and Women
land descends abruptly ; far away in
front stretches the vast Pacific, broken Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
only by the line of breakers that mark yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
the reef; below one gets a glimpse labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
of the red roofs of Vailima, and all finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
around are the everlasting hills. The special need.
grave stands on a small plateau, quite We will welcome your account.
flat, and no wider than a room. We
rested a little while, and then in the THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
impressive silence of the mountain soli
tude recited the solemn service for the BRANCHES
dead. A prayer which R. L. S. had LiHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
written and read alout in his family COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
the evening before his death, was in
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 THE FRIEND
Grass Skirt Publicity
"VV/HILE deploring the personal issues which have been
injected into the issue, The Friend heartily kokuas
the stand against "grass skirt publicity" for Hawaii. To
bring the mainlander here under the misapprehension of
perpetual hulas and a primitive and risque existence is
but to disappoint him—if he be an individual to whom
such promises appeal—and to disgust to the point of
nausea the progressive and clean minded who look Ha
waii-ward because of its prominence in Pacific affairs,
its matchless climate and its inter-racial friendliness so
new and so vital to world progress.
Of the unusual and romantic Hawaii has much to
offer. The historic background is rich in color. The
hula is but a circumstance in the transition from an un
civilized to a modern and cultured community. To dwell
upon it is to suggest a modern untruth and to discount
all of the influences for good which have evolved in a
hundred years. Such publicity for Hawaii is more than
a fallacy—it is a curse.

»
"I am strongly of the opinion that the majority of American
tourists are not desirous of seeing such exhibitions as the hula and
that it is a mistake to present it as it makes an unfortunate im
pression and leaves an unpleasant memory which does Hawaii no
good."—Mayor Cryer, of Los Angeles, with Los Angeles party.

HONOLULU SEPTEMBER, 1922 HAWAII

194 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, SEPTEMBER, 1922. No. 9.

TTie Cantonese and me Political Mix-up in China

By William W. Cadbury

A BRITISH Admiral declared before his way to China when he accidentally that the Cantonese are such a proud
the Washington Conference met that hit on the shores of America. and progressive people.
"there is only one problem and it is The history of the nation is full of Before the tenth century there were
the problem of the coming conflict be romance,—one great dynasty follows settlements of these Chinese on the
tween the two halves of the human race, after another until in 1911 the Emper Coast of Africa and from the two dis
the white and the colored ; it will be in or abdicated and the republic was de tricts, San Ning and San Wui of this
the Pacific. In this conflict Asia could clared. Sun Yat Sen, the first Presi province, come 90 per cent of all Chi
draw upon 1000 millions of the colored dent, and the leaders in this revolution nese who have emigrated to Canada,
races as against some 500 millions of were Cantonese, and from this time on the United States, Mexico, the West
the white people." the influence of Canton has been of Indies and South America.
"Undoubtedly, the scene has shifted the growing importance in the counsels It is chiefly the Cantonese who con
from Europe to the far east and the of nations. stitute the important Chinese element
Pacific. The problems of the Pacific- Who are these Cantonese? They are in the population of Australia, New
are, to my mind, the world problems the inhabitants of the province of Zealand, the East Indies and the Malay
for the next fifty years or more" are Kwangtung, in the southeastern corner Peninsula. They are to be found in
the words of General Smuts, and John of the Empire. This province is the Africa and Honolulu.
Hay declared years ago that : "China richest in China. It is watered by It is estimated that more than 9,000,-
is the key to the future of the world." three large rivers, the East, the West, 000 Chinese live outside the limits of
The truth of these statements is evi and the North, converging at the capi the Empire and almost all of them are
dent to all who have followed the pro tal city of Canton and forming there a from Kwangtung.
ceedings of the recent conference in great delta with its fertile plains. Wherever they have gone they have
Washington. The population of the province is proved themselves an industrious, peace
If, then, the Chinese, numbering one- estimated at 32,000,000 or about 320 able folk, attending to their own busi
fourth of the population of the globe, persons to the square mile. ness.
are to be such an important factor in Shanghai, which is rapidly becoming
These people are shorter in stature the greatest foreign settlement in China
the history of the world, it behooves than their brothers north of the Yang
us to consider for a moment forces at owes its present commercial importance
tze. In a recent study I found that the to the Cantonese merchants there, and
work in this great nation. people of Kwangtung province average its trade is but an expansion of that
The Empire itself covers an area one- only 5 feet 4 inches, while the Chinese which started in Canton.
sixth larger than that of the Continen north of the Yangtze average 5 feet In the Philippine Islands there are
tal possessions of the United States and 6 inches, or more. some 70 or 80 thousand Chinese, all
the population is more than three times Ages ago the ancestors of the Can from South China—Canton and Amoy.
that of our own country. tonese came as conquerors to South According to Walter Robb, in "Asia"
The history of China begins in the China. They drove the Aborigines be among the 10,000,000 Filipinos this
third millennium before Christ, but with fore them and became the dominant handful of Chinese carry on 80 per
the reign of the Emporer Yu in the race. These Aborigines, known as the cent of the commerce and industry of
Ha dynasty in 2205 B. C, there is a Miaotze, are still to be found in the the Islands. There are 3000 Chinese
transition from the legendary to the mountains where they lead a more or firms in Manila and 7000 in the
historical period. less independent existence. provinces.
But to Europe China was almost un Later, another people came from the In Malaysia it is said that 90 per
known until Marco Polo made his re North, chiefly from Fukien Province, cent of the mines and estates are in
markable journeys to the Court of and these were known as the Hakkas. the hands of Chinese from the south
Kublai Khan in the thirteenth century, They also were an inferior race, and of China.
and from that time on China became were allowed to remain, but as subjects Canton was the first city of China
of ever greater importance in the eyes to the dominant Cantonese people. opened to trade with the West. The
of the West. It should be recalled The superiority over these two tribes modern department stores which have
that Columbus was endeavoring to find may have much to do with the fact grown up in the last two decades in
196 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

Hongkong, Shanghai and Canton, are though appointed by the Peking Gov Justice, Education, Public Plealth. etc.
entirely financed and managed by Can ernment. In 1913 it became evident that Presi
tonese merchants. These are known Let us not forget that it required six dent. Yuan Shi Kai was not in sym
as The Taai San, Chan Kwong and years to prepare the American Consti pathy with this progressive movement
Wing One Companies. tution,' when the population of the in the South. There was a revolt and
Canton was the first city of China to United States was but two-and-a-half the leaders in the South were driven
tear down her ancient walls and build millions. Sixty years later the ques out and a servant of the Peking Govern
in their places broad thoroughfares tion of state rights was still unsettled. ment was placed in power.
through which automobiles now travel. China is dealing with a country of All preparations were worked out for
It was here that the first hospital 400,000,000 people, 95 per cent of Yuan Shi Kai to assume the throne of
was established by Peter Parker in whom are uneducated. the Empire. The Cantonese discovered
1835 and the first Protestant Christian, In 1912, after the Republic had been that they had been deceived and so
was baptized. established, a most enlightening and definitely separated from the Peking
One of the remarkable features as progressive government was formed in authorities. This separation only be
sociated with the initiative and pro- the Province of Canton. came complete in 1920 when Sun Yat
gressiveness of the Cantonese, lies in General Chen, who at the present Sen and General Chen returned to Can
the fact of their living in a sub-trop writing is in control at Canton, was ton, having driven out General Mok,
ical country. No evidence exists of the military governor, and the most who represented the military leaders of
that languor which so often appears capable and well-fitted men were placed the North.
among tropical peoples. The Canton at the heads of the Departments of (Concluded next month)
ese dialect itself attests to this fact,
for final consonants are clearly pro
nounced and not dropped from the Ambassador of Good-Will in Honolulu
speech, as is the case of Shanghai and DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK passed Conference. A petition asking for such
generally in tropical countries. through Honolulu on Sept. 12th a conference and signed by over 20,-
In the far South Sea Isles, where the en route for the Orient. He expects 000 ministers was presented to Presi
white man grows indolent and sickly to spend most of his time in China dent Harding. On July 10th the first
under the effects of the. tropical sun studying the situation there for the call, for the Washington Conference
and the natives live a hand-to-mouth benefit of the Commission on Interna was issued.
existence, the thrifty and hardy Can tional Justice and Good Will of the Then, as the conference session drew
tonese settles down, raises a family and Federal. Council of Churches of Christ near, the Federal Council sent out let
carries on the banking and business of in America—a cumbersome but com ters asking the churches to pray and
the community. prehensive title surely ! Dr. Gulick is to express their hopes for the confer
No wonder then that when the revo secretary of this Commission and hopes ence to Secretary Hughes. Subsequent
lution of 1911 was led and originated to be joined in China at a later date tabulation revealed the fact that letters
by Cantonese it was bound to succeed. by Dr. John Finley of New York who or petitions urging that the conference
It is needless to recount the long is its Chairman. really do something worth while for
struggle that has been going forward At a well-attended luncheon of the peace came in to Secretary Hughes
since that day. When one considers Inter-Church Federation, the day he was with a total of over 11,100,000 names.
the forces at work there is no wonder in Honolulu Dr. Gulick expressed him Of these, over 10,000,000 said they were
that a settlement has not yet been at self hopefully of the international sit praying for the conference, showing
tained. As Alfred Sze, Chinese Minis uation. He feels that the Washington that it was distinctly the church people
ter at Washington, recently declared : Conference relieved international ten- who were writing the letters and sign
"China is making the change from a sion immeasureably and makes possible ing the petitions. The effect of this
social democracy, which has existed for now the world-wide campaign to arouse united expression of Christian America
ages, to a political democracy." It the Christian churches of all nations in upon Secretary Hughes' splendid dis
signifies the merging of the ideas of behalf of permanent peace in the world. armament proposals at the very begin
the west with those of old China. One interesting point made in his ning of the conference can, of course,
Patriotism in China is not jingoism speech here was his revelation of the never be measured but those in a posi
but a love of one's own people, without part the churches had in securing the tion to know believe it was a very
hatred of others, declared Admiral Tsai calling of the Washington Conference great if not the greatest influence be
so the present conflict is not inspired and creating the fine atmosphere of sin hind the success of the Conference. It
by an intense hatred between leaders cerity and earnestness which character is an illustration of how the Christian
of the north and south, but, unlike the ized it. A startling statement of Gen forces can be mobilized for peace and
American war of the Rebellion, we have eral Bliss that if another world-war against war.
in China now a truly "civil" war going came the churches would be responsi Fspecial interest attaches to Dr. Sid
on. ble because unitedly they could pre ney Gulick because he is a grandson of
It is of interest to note that of 95 vent it was taken as a slogan by the Peter J. Gulick, one of Hawaii's early
delegates to the Washington Conference Federal Council in arousing the church missionaries ami a son of Luther H.
who came over with Admiral Tsai, 74 es to devote the first Sunday in June Gulick, a former secretary of the Ha
were from the Southern Provinces, al 1921, to the subject of a Disarmament waiian Board. Sidney Gulick himself
 September, 1922. THE FRIEND 197

was born out in Micronesia where his "The Chinese are good followers," he of rice may annually be harvested,
parents were missionaries and came to said, "but there are few promoters." Sugar cane, pineapples and many other
Honolulu to live when only a baby. The island of Hinan enjoys a mild, sub-tropical products may be successfully
His boyhood home was in Manoa Val tropical climate in which three crops developed.
ley and is now the Montague Cooke
place. Luther Gulick purchased it for
$400 sometime in the seventies. Printed Laws in 1822
After spending six or eight months
Supporting his statement that the ever printed in Hawaii were issued by
in the Orient, mostly in China, Dr
first laws printed in Hawaii were pulled the King.
Gulick will return to New York and
from the Mission Press but two months Mrs. Loomis, wife of the missionary
it is hoped he may at that time spend printer, says in her diary under date of
after it was put into operation, Mr.
a week or ten days here speaking in
Howard M. Ballou exhibits photo March 8, 1822: "Mr. L. by the King's
behalf of church federation and inter
graphs of handbill notices which bear request has printed an hundred hand
national good will through the
the date of March 7, 1922. bills containing several laws, which
churches. he wishes to promulgate."
These notices read :
A. W. P.
NOTICE The existence of these laws was un
known, to historians, who erroneously
A MODERN Christian colony on the WHEREAS DISTURBANCES HAVE
state that the first printed laws were
Hinan Island in the China Sea! ARISEN
drawn up by Lord Byron, here in 1825.
The men who have visualized it are of late on shore, the peace broken and The 1822 laws are not known to have
Chinese merchants of Hong Kong, Can the inhabitants annoyed, by the crews been mentioned by any of the mission
ton and California, and two million of different vessels having liberty grant- aries excepting the printer and his wife
Chinese now living in most primitive them on shore, it is hereby ordered That such laws had been printed
fashion on the island will benefit directly by His Majesty, the King, that in was first discovered by the writer in
by the scheme. future, should any seaman of whatever 1908, while compiling his "History of
That it is a bit of modern finance vessel, be found riotous or disturbing the Hawaiian Mission Press." In a
prompted by the most praise-worthy the peace in any manner, he or they worm-eaten manuscript notebook of
motives and that it savours of thrilling shall be immediately secured in the
romance was brought out in an inter fifteen pages, entitled "Memorandum of
Fort, where he or they shall be de Printing at the Mission Press, Oahu,"
view with Mr. George C. Lem, for tained until thirty dollars is paid for
forty years a merchant of Los Angeles, in the archives of the Hawaiian Evan
the release of each offender. gelical Society, was found a brief entry
California, and Mr. Ng Jim Kai. seven Masters of vessels are informed that
years his senior in the merchant trade by Mr. Loomis : "March 9. 1822. Port
all deserters shall be returned to their regulations."
of Los Angeles, when they were in Ho respective commanders. No seaman
nolulu recently en route to their new No copy of the first laws thus de
shall be left on shore without permis scribed was then known to exist, and
field of endeavor. Both are Christian sion from the King.
gentlemen and their desire and that of the item was listed as "Not seen."
Done at Waohoo, this 8th day of Further confirmation was obtained
their associates is to create out of an March, 1822.
island long considered commercially when the writer obtained permission to
By order of His Majesty, copy the manuscript diary of Mrs. Maria
hopeless a modern shipping center
John Rives, Sec'y Southworth Loomis from the original
which shall be a concrete example to
their fellow countrymen of what new- Notice in the possession of Mr. John C. Wil
world methods and a Christian civiliza HIS MAJESTY. THE KING, DE liams of New York City, grandson of
tion may accomplish. SIROUS OF preserving the peace and the Mr. William Williams of Utica,
Hinan Island contains 13,000 square tranquillity of his dominions, has or N. Y., who so befriended the mission
miles. It possess no harbor and the dered that any foreigner residing on his in its printing on Mr. Loomis' return
building of one will be undertaken im Islands, who shall be guilty of molest to the States in 1827. This copy of
mediately. The installation of electricity, ing strangers, or in any way disturb her diary may now be consulted at the
sewerage, stores, hospitals and churches ing the peace, shall on complaint, be library of the Hawaiian Mission Chil
will follow. Much of the land must of confined in the Fort, and thence sent dren's Society at the Chamberlain
necessity be reclaimed and engineers from the Islands by the first convey House. S. King street, Honolulu.
of western training will be employed. ance. Finally the writer obtained the photo
The company has been capitalized at Done at Woahoo, this 8th. day of graph of the little broadside itself
S2.000.000, with provision for increases March, 1922. which is dated March 7. 1822.
when needed. By order of His Majesty. This was the fourth publication from
Asked why the plan was not carried John Rives, Sec'y the mission press, just set up in out
out in China proper, Mr. Lem replied Printed on the Mission Press, Woahoo. of the grass houses of the mission, soon
that it would be most difficult to obtain Mr. Ballou's account of his find is to be supplanted, in 1823, by the little
the land, that injury to property would as follows : coral printing house still standing be
result and that without vision of what Two months after the setting up of tween the old Mission House and the
reclamation would accomplish owners of the little printing press by the mis Chamberlain House, which served the
land would be unwilling to venture. sionaries in Honolulu, the first laws mission as its printing office till 1835.
198 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

Is This Conducive to a Progressive Hawaii?

It is such publicity which in the words of Mayor Cryer, of Los Angeles, "does Hawaii no Good.'

Ernest H. Cherrington, who is not only through the organizing of the Anti-
ThirtyTears and Two Ideals an official of the Anti-Saloon League Saloon League and year after year was
Recently the Anti-Saloon League of but also general secretary of the World able to gather about him men and
America entered upon the thirtieth year League Against Alcoholism. Dr. Cher women who could translate his vision
of its existence and activity. Rev. Dr. rington spoke of the great accomplish into action. He had no notion at the
Howard H. Russell attending a lunch ments of the Anti-Saloon League for start how long it would take to bring
eon in his honor was presented with the past twenty-nine years and of the about American Prohibition. It might
twenty-nine roses—each rose marking promises of the future. be a generation, it might be longer,
a year since he conceived and organized Dr. Russell and Dr. Cherrington arc but he never doubted that somehow,
the Anti-Saloon League at Oberlin dreamers. Dr. Russell dreamed of the some time, it would come to pass.
Ohio, May 24, 1893. time when the United States would be It did come to pass in less than n
An address accompanying the pre free from the beverage liquor traffic. generation and with the beginning of
sentation of roses, was made by Dr. He put that dream into realizatior the thirtieth year of the League's his
 199
September, 1922. THE FRIEND
$808,150 in Chinese work and a total at work among the Japanese. Their
tory Prohibition is firmly fixed in the
annual expenditure through 163 paid property valuation is $948,175 and the
American Constitution and there are
workers of $149,352 of which $47,559 total annual cost through 168 workers
well directed and organized efforts tc
is contributed by the Chinese them $236,190. Of this amount the Japanese
enforce it.
This thirtieth year in Doctor Rus selves. Eighteen Mission Boards ar< themselves contribute $119,173.
sell's mind can well be devoted to fin
ishing the job which was so nearly
finished when on January 16, 1920, the
Eighteenth Amendment became effec
Racing the Stork
tive. Gathering material for a forthcoming maining men said that he had been
book of Island Reminiscences, Dr. A. B. nearly through and thought there would
Lyons, of Detroit, Mich., sensed an inter be no pilikia about making it. Our
An Oriental Directory) esting story in the journal of Mrs. Seth L. course took us in the outset to the east
Andrews. The Friend is indebted to him of the three craters that are in sight
The Home Missions Council and the from Hilo. For a little distance the
Council of Women for Home Missions for this copy.
soil seemed very productive, but soon
has just published a Directory of Ori Monday, Sept. 9, 1839 after commencing the ascent we found
ental Missions compiled under the aus Our last week in Hilo was spent in the rough lava (a-a) nearly naked,
pices of the Oriental Missions Council Mr. Lyman's family. All being com sustaining in its crevices only a little
on the Pacific Coast. The Directory fortable at the station [where a new coarse grass, this [the native poppy
confines itself to statistics of Christian baby had arrived. August 15, in the thistle], and ferns with occasionally a
work being done for Chinese, Japanese, Wilcox home, and another on the 18th stunted shrub.
Koreans and Hindus on the Pacific- in the Coan household], and our pres About noon we passed a small ham
Coast and in the intermountain districts. ence being needed as soon as might let (kauhale) situated on a more ver
This first edition is issued to furnish be in Waimea, the doctor wrote Mr. dant spot, where were cultivated cane,
a basis for study of Christian Ameri Lyons to send horses to meet us on the kalo, potatoes, etc. Here we were told,
canization being done and to be done other side of the forest. The hard as we had been previously, that the
for these Orientals in the hope that ships of the way reported by Mr. T. road was good for some distance into
those who shape the missionary policies and family who had recently made the the forest, and that we should doubt
of the boards may be helped to develop overland trip from Waimea, damped less get through the forest the next
a co-operative plan of work among my courage for taking the route by day. About a mile further brought us
themselves and with civic institutions which they had made the journey. To to the skirt of the woods and into the
which shall be adequate for the speedy go by way of Laupahoehoe in a canoe region of the singing of birds. The
assimilation of these people to Ameri is never safe, with no landing place for forest resounded with their merriest
can ideals and shall educate public 30 miles, the sea liable to be boisterous. notes. The road was rendered here
sentiment to a more Christian attitude There was another overland way. said quite smooth by the hauling of timber
toward them. by the natives to be further, but the and of canoes. But presently it began
The contents of the Directory include most of the way better, though no to rain—the traditional Hilo rain. We
statistics of Church and School work foreigner was able to tell us anything had no sooner got into the forest
for Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, and about it. [The route followed is west than the road became bad, and often
Hindus, of Institutional Work, Girls' through the forest belt and across the seemed dangerous from the yielding
Homes. Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. ■ elevated central plateau to the base of nature of the mould which formed our
also summaries by Mission Boards and Manua Kea. passing that mountain, path across roots of trees and rocks.
by Nationalities. then on its south side.] We decided to The trail grew narrow and hedged up
Population statistics indicate a de try the new way. and accordingly ar by the fallen trunks of trees, sometimes
crease of Chinese population in these rangements were made for the journey. lodged so high as to bar the way com
areas from 89,863 in 1900 to 61,639 in Men secured to carry our effects, one pletely. When it was practicable for
1920 and an increase of the Japanese in particular to carry little George [ae. my horse to leap over the obstruction.
in these areas from 24,326 to 111,01C 17 months, not yet weaned]. Horses I clung to his mane with both hands
in the same period of time. The data were provided for the doctor and my and so kept my seat [presumably on a
indicates a wide scattering of the Japa self to carry us as far as it might be side saddle]. By 2 o'clock p. m. we
nese people into the states of Oregon practicable to penetrate into the woods were forced to dismiss our horses and
Washington, Idaho, Utah and Colo with them. Every want with regard to take to our feet.
rado. Only 71,952 Japanese are in the provisions was anticipated, and a guide A dark mist hovered over the forest.
great state of California. Of this num engaged to accompany us to where we and rain was falling faster and faster.
ber 19,911 are in Los Angeles County. expected to meet the horses from Wai Under foot mud was over our shoes,
In 1920 the number of Hindus was mea. while over head water poured in
When we were ready to start, how streams from foliage of ferns, shrubs
2507, of Koreans 1224.
ever, our guide failed us, and no other and trees. The prospect was discour
Among the Chinese there is a total
could be found who knew the route aging in the extreme, but there was
church membership of 3,072 and 5.39C
quite through. This disconcerted all nothing for it but to press on. I put
among the Japanese. Sixteen mission
hands for a time, but one of the re on a brave face and led the van of the
boards have a total property value of
200 THE FRIEND September, 1922

procession while the doctor remained in with delicate translucent fronds no The following morning dawned with
in the rear to encourage the men and more than an inch in length. At noon a cloudless sky. We made an early
see that they did not lag behind with our trail took us up a ridge which start without waiting for breakfast.
our necessaries. The way became more commanded a view of Hilo bay in the Hardly a quarter of a mile from where
and more difficult, At one time, in at distance. We had emerged from the we had camped we came upon two
tempting to clamber over the root of a sea of mud to our great comfort. The shanties in fairly good repair. Only
large tree which had been blown down natives told us, however, that the dis the urgency of our haste to reach
across the way, I sank so deep in the tance we had come was pokole in com Waimea prevented us from making a
mire that I could not extricate myself parison with that yet before us. Our halt to secure much needed rest. By
without aid. Garments soaked with path was now a channel 2 or 3 feet this time my boots had become so di
water and loaded with mud made walk deep, washed out by frequent freshets, lapidated that I was obliged to bind
ing increasingly laborious. only wide enough to crowd through them on my feet with cords and these
Night was coming on and we began single file and over grown on either the sharp lava cut frequently, compel
to look anxiously for a camping place hand with prickly ululu fern. ling me to stop often to make repairs.
—for a long time wholly in vain. I We were drenched again by heavy Signs of more open country were
with Kealoha, my girl, had advanced rain, accompanied with strong wind. marked as we advanced, but our con
out of hearing of the rest of the com Umbrellas were useless and little fident hope that we were almost within
pany. The violence of the storm mo George suffered much. sight of our goal met with disappoint
mentarily increased. At length, to our The country we were traversing be ment. At 11 A. M. we came to a
inexpressible relief, we came in sight of pretty plot of grass on which there
came more undulating, one way leading
a partially cleared knoll where there us through deep, dark ravines, again was a comfortable shanty, plenty of
was a small shelter—simply some sticks bringing us to the brink of giddy strawberry vines without fruit and sev
laid aslant against a pole supported in eral ponds of water. We filled our
precipices—giving us views on the one
crotched sticks about 4 feet high and calabashes and went on. Soon finding
side of the distant ocean, on the other
rudely thatched with dried banana of what looked like an interminable ourselves in the midst of trees without
leaves. A space about six by three forest. After 2 P. M. we saw no more underbrush. We also saw numerous
feet had been thus kept quite dry. large trees, the growth being mostly cattle tracks. Our path consisted al
Most gratefully I crept into this wel shrubbery. Again it began to rain, and most wholly of naked slippery roots of
come retreat when the rest of the party trees, painful to sore, lame feet. At
at that altitude we found the wind very
came up, an adequate shelter was soon noon we sat down in an open place for
chilly. About 5 P. M. we came to what
constructed, a fire was kindled, dry a hearty lunch.
remained of an old shanty. So little
garments donned, and a sufficiently Bushes succeeded to forest trees, with
was left of the thatch that it afforded
bountiful supper prepared and con an occasional grass plot. At 1 P. M.
us practically no shelter from the rain.
sumed. The natives with the ukana had fall we passed some old houses built for the
Tuesday, Sept 10 en behind and there were hours of dis accomodation of bullock hunters. Found
By morning the storm had spent it comfort before they came up. It was a few bitter raspberries, lost the path
self. We resumed the garments of the hard for baby George, for we had no and were in doubt which course to take.
previous day, although but partially means of kindling a fire. The doctor consulted the compass, holloaed to
dried, had worship in Hawaiian and by went in search of water of which he those who had gone on before but
7 o'clock resumed our journey. We was able to find very little, although could not make them hear. Soon, how
found the black soil of the forest, how everything was soaking with the rain. ever, the bushes parted off each way
ever, converted into a veritable quag Kealoha gathered fern fronds and leaving a broken track of lava several
mire. As we advanced the path became branches of shrubs to spread on the rods wide on which was our path. On
the channel of a rushing stream, al wet ground—a little better than noth coming up with the men we were told
though choked with fallen trees, rocks ing. At last the men came up and by that we were out of ululaau.
and roots. The fallen trees often lay strenuous work were able to roof in Soon it began to rain again. We
lengthwise in the path, entirely filling a lodging place five feet by six. The found it difficult to follow the trail, the
its width, affording no secure foothold. matches were damp so that it was rocks being nearly bare. Fog added
My skirts became soaked with muddy some time before a fire was started. to the diffictulty of finding our way and
water so that I had to wring them out The natives also built for themselves a there were in fact many trails crossing
time and again. In one place the wa hut, although they had nothing to one another in a most confusing way.
ter formed a deep pond crossed only work with except hands and teeth and Our guide told us that he knew nothing
with great difficulty, happily without trees. They broke down small trees of the course beyond. Wild cattle
accident. to serve as a framework which they roamed over this region. We saw
The forest in this region was a dense thatched with twigs and leaves, tearing one small herd. When they saw us
jungle, the trees, although not very tall, out of the ground with their toes wiry they lifted their heads and stood star
everywhere over grown with climbing roots to use for cordage. There was ing at us a few moments, then with
plants such as the ieie of the .natives. little rest during the night for the heads and tails high in the air bound
Ferns abounded in endless variety— haoles, who were occupied in keeping ed away with the fleetness of deer
some great trees with trunks two feet a fire of water soaked fuel, and in dry We saw also a flock of wild turkeys.
in diameter—the fronds 15 to 20 feet ing partially their wet clothing. The whole region was a waste of bare
long, encluding the foot stalks—some Wednesday, Sept. 11 black lava, with onlv here and there a
September, 1922. THE FRIEND 201

sparse growth of koa trees. By this the old "sandalwood road" formerly About noon we had our first view of
time we realized that we were becoming used for bringing down from the moun what we were told was Waimea, al
worn out with the fatigue of our long tain sandalwood for export. This took though the village was still more than
journey. us high up the side of Mauna Kea. Our 12 miles distant. Our men being quite
After long search we found a cleft water supply became almost wholy ex out of food we shared with them what
in the lava rocks in which we were able hausted. We lost a good deal of time we had left, reserving only enough for
to find a partial shelter. 1 had be in searching for water in the deep ra a final light lunch. Traversing an un
come so chilled with the wind and rain vines we had to cross, finding at last dulating region covered with the coarse
that dry garments and the warmth of a scanty supply—green and slimy, but grass (pili) used by the natives for
our fire and a hot cup of tea failed to a Godsend to us. Privation of water thatching their huts, we came again
overcome the ague-like chills which for me was particularly a serious mat after a little into the cart road we had
shook me. 1 was fearful of a serious ter, since my babe depended for nour left in the morning. It was quite free
illness as the result of fatigue and ex ishment on his mother. (Concluded on next page)
posure. The night for me was one of
misery, yet toward morning I fell
asleep and awoke greatly refreshed.
For the first time since leaving Hilo
T.M.C. A. Summer Conference
we saw Mauna Kea at the very base of
which we had made. our camp.
Thursday, Sept. 12
Our provisions by this time were
nearly exhausted and we were almost
without water, so that all that we could
do was to push forward with such
strength as remained in us. We skirt
ed the south side of Mauna Kea with
Mauna Loa in full view in the distance
on our left. Travel over the rough
a-a was exceedingly fatiguing.
After long vain searching we came
at last upon a cart road which we fol
lowed for a mile or more—then were
caught in a sand storm which presently
blotted the road from our sight. We
renewed our search for the cart road
which we were now sure was not far
away, but it was near mid afternoon
when we again, came upon it. We met
two men coming from Waimea with
two donkeys laden with provisions for
the bullock hunters. They told us that
it was more than 30 miles to Waimea THE Annual Mid-Pacific Summer Association; Rev. Royal G. Hall, of
but that the road was plain. They School and Conference of Y.M.C.A. Kauai; and Dr. W. A. Tate, of Maui.
knew nothing of any horses having Secretaries of the Territory held on the Classes in Bible Study, Association
been sent to meet us—most dishearten Campus of Punahou Academy, August methods, Principles of Boys' Work,
ing news, for we had been sure that 18th to 29th, was by far the most suc Bible Class Methods, Principles of
horses had been sent and believed that cessful in the history of the local As Leadership, and lectures along socio
they could not be far away. sociations. The men of both the City logical and philosophical lines were in
Our way—following the cart road— and Army & Navy Associations, as well cluded in the curriculum this year.
lay now through a wide expanse of as from the Association on Kauai, at Those who had attended other summer
loose deep sand, more fatiguing even tended in good numbers. schools on the mainland regard the
than the a-a of the morning. It was Mornings were given to class work, standards of the local school as being
the first day without rain since we left afternoons to conferences and recrea very high. One of the outstanding re
Hilo. The high wind, which blew by tion ; while each evening, following the sults of the study and conference to
turns from every point of the compass, devotional meeting, the men assembled gether is a renewed emphasis on the
made the night a tedious one. for an hour or so of study. Among the religious work program of the Associa
teachers were Mr. Gale Seaman, Pa tion, particularly in Bible study classes
Friday, Sept. 13 cific Region Secretary of the Interna and it is expected that this emphasis
We continued for some time on Fri tional Committee, who has recently re will show itself in all departments of the
day to follow the cart road, but by ad turned from several months in the Associations this coming year.
vice of the men we had met the day Orient; Mr. James I. Muffley, General
before, we struck off from this on to Secretary of the Tacoma, Washington, G. M. WRISLEY
202 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

from rocks, but we found the deep, fine Monday, Sept. 9 doctor ma were near us, having missed
sand even more trying than the a-a Sent horses again for Dr. A. ma. the man with the horses and come all
we had left behind. I found my the way (from Hilo) on foot.
strength well nigh spent. We decided Wednesday, Sept. 11 Soon a horse and mauele were sent for
to send a man ahead to announce our Baby weighed today 5 lbs. Lost a them. In the course of an hour some
approach and if possible to bring- us quarter in a week. Still gaining. Sat 7 or 8 men came in, having left them
needed help. The man started out at up some today and walked around seated on the ground some 4 miles dis
a swift trot, which he maintained as some. tant, tired out. Another horse was
long as he was in sight. It was neces Thursday, Sept. 12 started, lest the others should miss
sary for the doctor to carry little Much disappointed in not seeing the them in the darkness, and they arrived
George, a severe tax on his waning doctor today. Fear they have met with some time after the lamps were lighted,
strength. some accident. Very tired from excite pretty well worn out. It made me feel
About 4 P. M. we sat down, strained guilty (!) to think that partly on my
ment. ,
and drank our last drop of water and account they had been thus wandering
ate our last remaining morsel of food. Friday, Sept. 13 while I was so comfortable. They
It was already twilight when we were Still gaining. Sat up considerable. seemed, however, quite cheerful, which
met by men sent from the station at About 5 o'clock news came that the lessened the trial to us.
VVaimea with a mauele for me and a
horse for the doctor. They brought us
also water and food which were very Red Letter Da))s in a Parson's Vacation
reviving. The nuhou was that Mrs.
Lyons had a baby girl ten days old. THERE are different ways of spend deserts—and last but by no means least,
Mother and daughter doing nicely. ing a vacation. They who live in charming and hospitable people.
We arrived at the station at 8 P. M. the country often come to the city to At the very start of the "vacation"
Warm baths and comfortable beds see the sights, get in touch with crowds, I attended the annual meeting of the
promised speedy restoration of the avail themselves of the privileges of Hawaii County Evangelical Association
strength so nearly exhausted. True the public library, the art gallery, the at Hakalau, fifteen miles north of Hilo
strange dreams of dangers escaped, toil museum, lectures, concerts and other town . To the uninitiated, this sort of a
some juomeys, hopes long deferred, forms of diversion and recreation. In gathering would appear to be a time
floated in my brain, but sleep brought this way they find a real change from spent largely in singing, making
refreshment and when morning came, the quiet and simple life in the country speeches and feasting on pig, poi, and
I felt better able to undertake a 25 and are better fitted for returning to other appetizing dishes. To those who
mile walk than on the previous day. their homes with satisfied spirits and have had considerable experience with
peaceful minds. On the other hand, the Association, however, there is much
II they who live in the city delight in more than is to be observed superficially.
From the diary of Mrs. Lucia Lyons leaving their customary haunts and The first item on the program for the
usual paths for the wonderful sights four days' meetings was the dedication
Monday, Sept. 2, 1839
and delightful places in other parts of of the new Hawaiian church at Wailea,
Started horses for Dr. Andrews ma. the Territory, there to find new expe a mile south of Hakalau. The old church
Tuesday, Sept. 3 riences in rambling among the valleys is now being used for socials and for
Man arrived express from Hilo to or climbing up the mountains -hunting the commissary department ; the new
say he would not come till next week. for game or land-shells, or in camping church is a most satisfactory and at
in some charming dell, or perhaps in tractive edifice for worship. The con
Wednesday, Sept. 4
swimming or fishing or boating along gregation that morning—August 6—
About 1 o'clock was warned by pains the inviting coasts of our beautiful was too large for the building. Ha-
that the hour of trial was near. Hus islands. waiians. Anglo-Saxons, Spanish, Japan
band sent for Dr. Pelham who was in
It was my privilege to have spent ese, Filipinos, Porto Ricans and other
Hamakua and he (i.e., husband) and
the month of August on the island of races showed their interest in this new
sister Marcia did all they could for my
Hawaii. This island, sometimes called building by being present at the service
comfort—and the Lord was with us
"The Big Island," is always interest of dedication. The customary Sunday
and gave to our arms at 7 o'clock a
ing, to kamaaina and malihini alike. school "hoike" was next on the pro
little daughter. He was near. We
This is due not alone to the fact that gram ; this was followed by a delicious
rested in Him and trusted in Him and
there are so many spots of historical in luau, after which came a Christian En
lifted up our hearts to Him and He
terest nor even to the marvelous Na deavor roll call, and later on in the eve
delivered us. Praised be His name.
tional Park, centering in the crater of ning an address on "The Social Gos
Dr. Pelham did not arrive until 9 P. M.
Kilauea, always worthy of a visit even pel" by the Rev. T. C. Williams of
Saturday, Sept. 8 though the fire may be invisible for 'a Kohala.
The 5th, 6th and 7th were comfort season, but most especially because on From Monday morning to Wednes
able days. Have had hardly any pain Hawaii there is such a varied assort day evening, the time was spent in in
and today felt as if I could walk about. ment of scenery—grand mountains, spirational addresses, in discussing live
The babe feeble. Feared that she picturesque gulches, tropical beaches, problems that affect all the churches,
would not stay long with us. dense forests, fascinating lava flows and and in transacting routine business.
 September, 1922. THE FRIEND 203
The Sunday school and Christian En
deavor societies held their sessions in
the afternoons. One evening was de
voted to the annual song contest be
tween the various Sunday schools of
the island. Prizes were awarded to
the winners of the solo contests, also
of the duets, trios, quartets and choruses.
Mr. John M. Ross, manager of the Ha-
kalau plantation, presented a silver lov
ing cup to the winner of the chorus
contest ; it must be won three times
before permanent possession is gained.
The Laupahoehoe Sunday school won
the cup this year. One evening the
Spanish Mission, founded some years
ago under the leadership of "Tommy"
Anderson, now a missionary in Bolivia.
was visited and the congregation ad
dressed at their weekly prayer-meeting.
All in all, it was a successful conven
tion and fully up to the high standard
set in recent years.
During the days of the convention,
the delegates and pastors of some of
the districts were consulted with and
arrangements made for a series of
meetings in the Puna, Ka-u and Kona
districts. One "red letter day" was
spent in the Ka-u district, holding a
union service in the old Pahala church,
attended by Hawaiians. Anglo-Saxons,
Filipinos and Koreans ; the sermon on
""The Marks of Manhood" was neces
sarily in English to meet the situation.
Earlier in the morning there was held
the Sunday school session in the Ha
waiian language, and an address made
in that tongue. After lunch at the home
of Mr. James Campsie, the manager of
the plantation, another meeting was Reproduction of portrait in oil (life size aid color) of Master William Rowan of New
held. This was for the Hawaiians who York, by Arthur W. Emerson '
had assembled at the courthouse to dis
cuss several matters of importance to of pictures now in progress ■ at the
the welfare of the church. Satisfactory An Exhibit of Paintings Moana Hotel are several fine specimens
arrangements were made with the man Bearing a name honored in Hawaii, of this class of work. Of the local
ager for the carrying out of some im yet with much of the eclat of the mali- scenes, two bits of the marsh land, so
provements to the church property. hini, a new artist has arrived in Hono long associated with the entrance to
Another "red letter day" was spent in lulu. He is Arthur W. Emerson, son
Waikiki and now doomed to early de
the Puna district. Almost one hundred of the late Dr. N. B. Emerson. For
struction, stand out prominently. A
miles were included in the day's itin nine years Mr. Emerson has studied
and painted in New York. His exhibits portrait of Florence Wilder, daughter
erary and three churches were visited
and services held in them all. In one with Goupil & Co. ; in the Babcock Gal of Mr. Elwood Wilder, is another bit
of the churches, two children were bap lery, the new York International Expo of local work which is attracting much
tized after the morning sermon had sition, the New York Water Color Club, interest. A portrait of Captain Bergej*
been preached in Hawaiian. the American Water Color Society, and Hawaii's veteran bandmaster, is almost
The people of the second church on last winter in the combined exhibit of completed and may furnish an inter
the itinerary greeted us most cordially the two latter organizations, excited esting last minute addition to the pres
Judging by the appearance of the local considerable interest and won for him ent exhibit.
ity in which the church stands, it did a series of enviable press notices. "Gay Truance of the Storm," a dar
not seem possible that so many men and His specialty is portrait and landsrape ing marine, was an exhibit in the Bab
(Concluded on next page) painting and numbered in his exhibit cock galleries in New York.
204 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

RED LETTER DAYS the always delightful Kona district. Ar Pukaana church for another period of
women and children could be gathered rangements had been made at the Haka- two years.
together for a service. I was informed lau convention ' for the holding of a The last "red letter day" was spent
that many of them had walked three or special meeting at Kealia on August 27 in making the trip from Kealakekua to
four miles from their homesteads 'way to discuss the possible union of two of 28 miles, Olaa, a distance of 145 miles.
up in the woods. They do not often hear the South Kona churches in the calling The clear morning made possible a
a regular minister; only once a quarter of a pastor. This gave a tangible in
wonderful view from near the Huehue
centive for planning a visit through Kau
does the only minister in Puna visit ranch house of the islands of Kahoolawe,
and across to Central Kona. It was
them. They showed their appreciation Lanai and Maui, and the mountains of
really a ''red letter day" that we spent
by their splendid attention, by their spi Hawaii that loomed up ahead of us.
in making the journey from 28 Miles,
rited singing and by their hearty words near the volcano, over to Kealakekua, Portions of the belt road are splendid :
of aloha as we started on our way to the to the hospitable home of the Rev. and other stretches are in need of improve
next appointment. En route we visited Airs. D. M. Weller. From this as head ment. It is an interesting ride all the
a dying woman, and, after, the last quarters, we spent four days in visiting way. Waimea was as picturesque as
preaching service of the day, another the Helani, Kailua and Napoopoo ever. Honokaa proved to be a restful
parish call was made. The impression churches, concluding with a remarkable point ; we found refreshment at the home
gathered from the experiences of that meeting in the Kealia church. After of the Rev. and Mrs. Howard N. Smith,
"red letter day" was that the people of the usual Sunday school session and the whose hospitality was much appreciated.
Puna are hungry and thirsty for some morning worship, at which time the The run in to Hilo was made in good
words of cheer and inspiration and that Rev. Stephen L. Desha preached a time, and we were back at "Hale Li-
visits should be made oftener among powerful sermon on ''The Name Above keke" before nightful, grateful that no
them by ministers and laymen from oth Every Name," the special committee engine or tire trouble had annoyed or
er parts of the islands. For Puna, you conferred with the church and went delayed us on that long day's journey,
must realize, is after all, quite an iso into the matter of a possible combina and more appreciative than ever before
lated portion of Hawaii, and the current tion with the Kealakekua church in the of the grandeur and beauty and wonder
of progress does not touch its people call of a pastor. After a full exchange of the P>ig Island that gives its name to
as it does those of the Hilo district. of views, it was finally voted not to the Territory. We heartily advise Ha
Another "red letter day" or rather unite the two churches. Rev. John waii as a locus of one's vacation.
davs, were those devoted to a visit to Keala will continue to minister to the H. P. JUDD.

Hire Races, Politics and Missions

By Henry H. Kelsey, D. D.
POLITICS and Missions are not was visualized. This conference would gree in which Christian ideals have be
often associated in thought or dis never have been held, would have been come dominant in the life of the na
cussion. Missionaries always keep their impossible but for the missionary. tion, in education, in government, in
hands off and tongues tied in respect China and Japan were there, their social and industrial life; measured
of the policies of the countries in which representatives sitting beside the repre by the product of Christian personality
they labor. They obey the laws and sentatives of England and France and the achievement of the missionary is
adjust themselves to conditions as they the United States. Why? Because the seen to be great, so great that when
find them. But Missions and these missionary has been a hundred years in China chose men to represent her
missionaries have affected the politics China and sixty years in Japan and ideals and needs in a conference of
of the world awl are helpfully affecting there is now a new China and a new world nations, she chose and sent men
the problem of the races as no other Japan. of Christian character, ideals and train
single influence has done. Christianity Three things were demonstrated in ing.
produced modern democracy, made that conference. The same is true of Japan. Prince
England and the United States what First: The success of missions. It Tokagawa, delegate to the conference
they are. The missionary who has was a notable fact that one half the affirmed in public address in Wash
taken Christianity to the non-Chris Chinese in attendance in Washington, ington that modern Japan and her
tian nations has awakened their peoples were Christians or the product of place in world life today is due to the
and produced in them the present world Christian Schools. Three of the four presence and influence of the mission
movement in behalf of political self- delegates who sat at the conference ary.
expression in a democratic government. table with Balfour and Hughes were Missions made the Washington Con
The root of democracy is the sense of graduates of the same Missionary ference possible and made it a success.
personal freedom and worth begotten of School in Shanghai. Second: The equality of the races
the knowledge and experience of re The missionary has been a hundred was demonstrated at Washington. Is
ligious freedom in Christ. The Mis years in China and measured by the there a radical and irradicable differ
sionary is, however, never a politician, number of church members gained, ence between the Anglo-Saxon and the
but always a statesman. progress seems to have been slow and Asiatic, a chasm between them as one
In the recent Washington Confer achievement small but measured by English literateur has said "like that
ence what the missionary has achieved their impress upon China, by the de between a master and his dog?" No
September, 1922. THE FRIEND 205

such difference and separation was vis of provincial seclusion and self inter clinic in Constantinople. Her training
ible at the conference table in Wash est, the development of a Christian was the Hershey Memorial Hospital of
ington.. The Japanese, the Chinaman. personality and of men of Occident Muskateen, Iowa. After her graduation
the Englishman, the Frenchman, the and Orient who have eyes to see and from this school, she was placed in
American, sat together as equals as a disposition to acknowledge its work charge of the Emergency Influenza Hos
they were in brain power and worth and inherent rights, these essentials that pital at Muskateen.
of personality. must be, else peace and world pros Latterly Miss McGwigan has been in
Race antagonism is deep seated, most perity are impossible are the uniform California, and just before her de
difficult to be removed, but it is done and unfailing product of Christian Mis parture for Honolulu she had the pleas
by the gospel of Jesus Christ. That sions. ure of speaking in the Calvary Congre
men of different races regardless of gational Church of Oakland, whose
color of skin or degree of culture are founder was the Rev. Cooke and with
equals in capacity as they are equals whose daughter, Dr. Alma L. Cooke,
in privilege in the economy of Grace,
Miss McGwigan to China well known in Hawaii, she is to be as
is a fact increasingly acknowledged by COMMISSIONED by the Woman's sociated in the Lintsing Hospital. She
all Christian minded men and upon its Board of Missions for the Pacific also spoke at the Congregational Church
wide recognition the peace and progress and supported by the "Jubilee Fund" in Stockton, which supports Dr. Cooke's
of the world waits. Good will between of the Woman's Board of Missions for work.
nations of different races can rest the Pacific Islands, Miss Maud M. Mc- Miss McGwigan is a woman of quiet
upon no other basis than the acknowl Gwigan left Honolulu on September charm whose training and Christian
edged worth of personality. This dem 28th for Lintsing, Shantung Province, consecration admirably fit her for the
onstration at the Washington Confer China. important work which she is to under
ence was amazingly significant and pro Prior to her departure Miss McGwi- take. It was a rare pleasure for the
phetic. gan spent ten days in Honolulu. A re subscribers to the "Jubilee Fund" to
ception for her at Central Union come into contact with her personally
Third: The necessity of Missions
Church provided opportunity for the and to speed her with their prayers.
was visualized. What can make the
many who are interested in her future The Christmas boxes, which for sev
peace longed for and planned for in
work to meet her, and at the Wednes eral years have been sent annually to
Washington increasingly a fact in the
day evening service following she spoke the Lintsing Mission by the Woman's
Pacific, Atlantic and Mediterranean?
most interestingly of her work in the Board and the Sunday School of Cen
What power is known that can and
Near East where she and other workers tral Union Church, will have a larger
does dethrone self-interest, enthrone its
followed Dr. Barton in 1919. Miss Mc- significance and interest this year
opposite in world politics and business, Gwigan was in Turkey for two years, through the knowledge that they not
undermine race prejudice and beget
first in a hospital at Marsovan in the only go to the mission field, but to two
such a degree of good will that not interior, and later in a child welfare friends who are executives there.
only a few dreadnaughts will be
scrapped and the use of deadly gasses
be restrained, but that all instruments
of war shall be scrapped because no The Unveiling of Christ's Glory
longer of any use? Only one power is By Dr. A. C. Dixon
known that can do that, viz : that
gracious power that is released where- THE Apostle Peter tells us that he Sea, from Egyptian slavery : and this
ever the missionary goes with his gos was with Christ in the holy mount great exodus was a type of the greater
pel. He has not once failed. Savagery beholding His Glory and was an eye Exodus which Christ was about to ac
and war cease in proportion as he suc witness of his majesty. This word complish through His atoning death
ceeds and he succeeds in proportion to "majesty" has in it the glory of Christ's and resurrection, by which His people
his backing and the promotion of his kingdom. It is a truly royal word. So are to be delivered from the bondage
enterprise by Christians at home. that the disciples, who were with of sin into the liberty of loving ser
Among politicians the missionary has Christ on the mount of Transfiguration, vice. In this "Exodus" is the glorious
been a joke, and not only among poli really saw the glory of the coming mission of Christ as Redeemer, Leader,
ticians. The people of Christian na kingdom which the Master had prom Mediator and King.
tions have spent their energies upon ised that they should see before death. They saw, again, the glory of His
means and measures that have failed It was a bit of the millenium pushed Position. Moses, representing the Law.
despising the few whose clear visioned forward, or a section of heaven let and Elijah, representing the Prophets
devotion is saving the world. Now down. have come from heaven to deliver their
we are getting to see that peace among They saw the glory of the King's credentials to Him in whom all law
men means first men of good will and Mission. Christ and Moses were talk and prophecy have been fulfilled. The
that these are produced among the ing of the "exodus which He should Voice from heaven says "This is my
races of Occident and Orient by the accomplish at Jerusalem." What a beloved Son ; hear him." All that
Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ only. story Moses could tell of the Exodus Moses wrote is true. All that Elijah
The solution of the race problem in which he had accomplished in Egypt, spoke is true. Pnt when you have
the Pacific and in the world, the lift by which the Israelites were delivered heard Christ, you^o not need Moses
ing of world politics out of the realm under the blood and through the Red and Elijah. In all things we give
206 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

Him the pre-eminence. His position The Process. This explains the reaction which some
is above Moses and Elijah and all Luke tells us that Jesus took these times follows great revivals, or moun
other great leaders of earth. Truly it disciples into the mountain to pray, tain-top experiences which come to us
is a high position. not to be transfigured ; and "while He in Bible Conferences and Conventions.
They saw, also, the glory of His prayed, the fashion of his countenance Wrhile I was in the pastorate, I watched
Person. "'This is my beloved Son in was altered." This word "pray" means the effect of Northfield and Keswick
whom I am well pleased." Here is in the Greek not to beg, but to thank, upon some of my members. They
God's ideal of perfection; and, if it to praise and adore. It has in it our would spend two weeks in a sort of
takes the perfection of Christ to please word "eucharist." And this is the kind "glory-hallelujah" frame of mind on
God, can I, an imperfect, sinful, man. of praying that transfigures ; not beg the mountain top of these great con
ever hope to please Him? Yes, for, ging for what we may get from God, ferences, ami as soon as they returned,
if 1 am pleased with what pleases God, but giving to Him our thanks, praise go sound asleep till the next conference,
He is pleased with me. It is easy and adoration. their only signs of life being a spirit
for me to be displeased with myslf The Effects. of complaint that things at home were
and others, but of one thing 1 am The Disciples were terrified. They not like Northfield or Keswick.
absolutly certain : I am pleased with had seen the glories of many a sunset Sleep is life dormant, and is very
Jesus Christ. All He is, all He says, and sunrise on Gallilee, but no ma much like death. If you are spiritually
all He does pleases me. Therefore 1 jestic glory like this. It was more than asleep you will be taken for dead ; and
have the assurance that God is pleased their minds, not used to the court scenes for all practical purposes, a cemetery
with me. And before He gets through of kings, could bear unafraid. It over is as good as a dormitory. Indeed one
with me, He will make my personality whelmed them. might as well be pastor of a cemetery as
as glorious as the ideal personality of They were also stupefied. "They a church asleep. If you should preach
Christ. "When He shall appear, we were heavy with sleep." Their senses to tombstones, they would not talk
shall be like Him, for we shall see were so benumbed by the extraordinary back; but, if you talk faithfully to a
Him as He is." glory that they fell asleep even in the church asleep, they will talk in their
The Purpose midst of their fright. Or may we sleep, and sometimes fight in their
suppose that they went to sleep before sleep. All the church quarrels I have
The two words, "before them," re they were frightened? The surprise is ever known were the result of spiritual
veal to us the purpose of the trans
that they should sleep at all in the somnambulism, pastor and people talk
figuration. "He was transfigured be midst of such a scene. And the greater ing and fighting in their sleep. If
fore them." It was for their benefit
surprise is that Christians become they were wide awake and at work in
that He appeared in the glory of His spritually asleep just following mani winning souls to Christ, there would
Mission, His Position, and His person. festations of God's grace and glory. be no such quarrels.
James was soon to be martyred. John
was to be banished to the lone, sea
girt, and storm-swept island of Pat-
nios. They would need this vision of Malnutrition and the Schools
glory for their comfort and support. By William R. P. Emerson, M. D.
Dr. Joseph Parker went to the City
Temple in London one Sunday morn Dr. Emerson is associated with the Nu dards for those who are equal to a
trition Clinics for Delicate Children in
ing through a dense fog and when he Boston, Mass. He comes to Hawaii in full day's work.
rose in the pulpit, he could scarcely see December to conduct an Institute for train Superintendent Graff, of the Indian
the people. The first word he said ing workers in this field. apolis public schools, states that the
was: "I have been in Switzerland this CONSERVATIVE estimates show cost of carrying on a nutrition program
morning, beholding the sunrise from that at least one third of the chil would be more than paid for by the
the top of Rigi and looking at the Mat- dren in any ordinary American com saving that would come in reducing the
terhorn in the glories of the sunset. munity are under weight, undernour number of "repeaters" in the schools.
Why should we live in a London fog1, ished and malnourished. The condi Apart, however, from the economic
when we can live amid the glories of tion is equally true in the preschool side of the matter the identification and
sunrise and sunset in the Swiss moun and school periods, among both boys making well of thirty or more per cent
tains? Last summer I saw all these and girls, and wherever comparisons of children who are now malnourished
glories and this morning the memory have been possible more malnutrition would mean better health, more regular
of them lifts me above the murky fog has been discovered in the homes of attendance, more and better work ac
that envelops us." And before his ser the well-to-do than in those of the poor. complished, as well as less strain in a
mon closed, they, too, were with him This is a matter of great importance situation which, at the best, calls for a
above the fogs of earth in the glories to the school. Failure to distinguish very great expenditure of nervous
of God's grace. Peter, John and James those who are under par from those energy.
had before them a London fog of dark who are well leads to overpressure up No teacher can tell what amount of
experiences, and Christ gave them these on the former and, in the long run, pressure a sick child can bear, and a
flashes of the convng glory that they failure to succeed in the attempt to run malnourished child is a sick child. The
might live in tl^Tn, even while en them all through the machine of uni sarcasm and threats used to spur chil
veloped in the fog. formity leads to the lowering of stan dren on to greater effort are not only
September, 1922. THE FRIEND 207

futile with reference to the immediate its own function—that of clearing house It has been customary to assume that
end but are the cause of constant leav or observation station for children re underweight and malnutrition are due
ing of school at the earliest age the quiring temporary or permanent care to poverty and insufficient food. Our
law allows. We do not have the sui of a kind incompatible with usual class studies reveal many causes, but the
cide problem in American schools to room conditions. great majority of all cases fall into
the extent it is to be found in some Frequently when a community has five major groups. Arranged in the
European countries, but a recent re been aroused to the fact that a prob order of their importance these are:
port on "Suicide in Massachusetts" gives lem of malnutrition exists the only (1) Physical defects, especially obstruc
a striking picture of several tragic- effort made to meet it is through the tions to breathing; (2) lack of home
instances. Of the seven cases of sui provision of school lunches. The control; (3) overfatigue; (4) faulty
cide in children, three had received school lunch has a definite place in the food habits, with improper and insuffi
notices from their teachers of failure organization of a school system but it cient food ; (5) faulty health habits.
to be promoted unless they did better offers no solution of the malnutrition It is noteworthy that the commonly as
work in their studies. One child com problem. Medical inspection may be signed cause—insufficient food—takes
mitted suicide the same day he re come a valuable factor in the nutrition a much lower place than that ordinar
ceived the notice. program but it does not show the way ily given to it.
In our nutrition program it is often out in this case of need. "Health The first step in undertaking this
necessary to supplement the regular chores" have been greatly improved by nutrition program in any community is
physical-growth and social examina requiring that a distinction be made to weigh and measure a group of chil
tions by a mental examination. In between the requirements for normal dren in order to identify who are mal
many cases it is difficult to distinguish children and for those who are under nourished. The seven per cent rule
between real mental deficiency and a weight but they cannot by themselves will select about 90 per cent of this
mental retardation for which the child's do away with malnutrition. None of class—the remaining ten per cent can
physical condition is largely responsi the wholesale or "broadside" methods only be determined by individual di
ble. This blurring of a child's mental advocated by various organizations can agnosis. The fact that we naturally
life is an element of much significance afford much assistance and, all too begin with the group of those who are
in determining what he is able to ac often, they stand in the way of more most evidently in need of care some
complish. It also has a definite effect thoroughgoing and effective programs. times leads workers to overlook the fact
upon his enjoyment of life as well as It is clear from what has been said that we have stood for years for a
that of his teachers. that this problem of malnutrition is to complete physical-growth examination
The educational needs of the children an unusual extent one of education. I for every child. When a community
call for every dollar available from tax have often made the statement that it will reach the point of making this
ation and from other sources. None of is three parts educational to one part possible we shall have passed from
medical. This can easily be misunder negative to positive measures.
the well established activities of the
school are too well supported and the stood if it is taken to mean that the This examination should always be
changing conditions of social life point medical aspect can be left out of con made in the presence of the child's
out many lines of new development for sideration.. It has taken 13 years of very parents. More practical health educa
which no funds can yet be found. As careful clinical work to formulate a tion can be accomplished within a few
a question of school finances anything nutrition program which stands the minutes' time under these circumstances
that can be done to eliminate such a test of use and success in a community. than can be brought about by long
waste as that now incurred by the large courses in hygiene for either children
The fundamental principle of the
number of children who spend two or or adults.
work is based upon the fact that every
more years in a single grade deserves The malnourished child in addition
child requires a certain body weight
consideration. Many schools have gone to this physical-growth examination re
to sustain his height. This does not ceives a thorough social and in some
to great expense in order to take care
mean that all children are to be made cases, as has already been said, a men
of a part of the children who are un
fit by means of open air and other to conform to a single type. What it tal examination as well. The object
special classes. The result, too often, does mean is that there is a certain of these examinations is to discover
is a segregation of small groups who zone of weight safety determined from the cause of the child's abnormal con
have little or nothing done to make clinical observation of thousands of dition. When these causes are known
them "free to gain." They go on for children. We started with the table and removed the child is what we have
months and sometimes years taking the made from the weighing and measuring come Jo call "free to gain."
time of specially trained teachers with of nearly a hundred thousand American When this has been accomplished the
little or no benefit to themselves or to children and found after extensive ex child is ready to start upon a regular
anyone else. It has been well demon perimentation that no child who is nutrition class program. It is unnec
strated in the Rochester schools that habitually seven per cent below that . essary to dwell upon the advantages
the malnourished children can be average of weight for his height is of the class methods over ordinary in
brought up to normal in the regular free from other clear evidences of mal dividual work. We find that with
class rooms. In this way the other nutrition. At the other extreme of proper organization a physician can do
children receive health instruction safety is the limit of 20 per cent above full justice to a cl*ss of from 15 to 20
which enables them to keep well and the average beyond which are found children in half L^ hour's time each
the special class can be reserved for those who suffer from overweight. week. The mothers are expected to
208 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

attend the meetings of the class and of a physical-growth examination for ter, has said "No factor in the city
the problem is to afford them instruc all children. This touches the school school system today is more fully
tion as well as give it to the children. at the beginning of the course as well bridging the gap between the home and
The spirit of cooperation and compe as during the years the child spends in the school than is the nutrition class."
tition makes the experience of all mem the school. Such cities as Washington, In several very important senses the
bers of the group available for the Rochester and Grand Rapids are carry school is in a strategic position with
benefit of each mother and child. ing the nutrition program down into reference to more effective relationships
Two thirds or three fourths of the the pre-school years, looking to the between the members of this parallelo
membership of a class will make steady time when no child will be received into gram of forces. The work has passed
progress on this basis. There is always the first year of school until he has the stage of experimentation and dem
a group which call for more intensive been put into normal condition and is onstration, but the rapidity with which
medical study. Sometimes an obscure fully able to profit by what the school it will be applied to communities in
case will require months or even years offers him. The same principle should all parts of the country is dependent
before it yields its cause. For the in be applied in cases of absence. When upon the extent to which the men and
vestigation of such problems each class a child returns to school after absence women in the schools come to under
should have association with a nutri he should be carefully reweighed and stand and forward it.
tion or diagnotic clinic in charge of a should not be permitted to undertake
physician experienced in matters of nu a full program until he is physically New York, July 27.—"The churches
trition and growth and in direct re able to do so. and the motion picture producers and
lation with other specialists whose ser The new standards in the colleges distributors should join in constructive
vices will be required. are coming to take account of health efforts to establish and maintain the
The schools furnish the natural cen requirements as well as of proficiency best moral and artistic standards in the
ter for this work. Through them it is in academic studies. They are recog industry," said Will H. Hays, after
possible to reach the children of all the nizing the value of a sound mind in a reading the press summaries of the re
people. Naturally our largest connec sound body. This is logical and right. port of the Commission on the Church
tion is with the public schools, but we Now that we know how to remove the and Social Service of the Federal Coun
have had very effective class work in causes of malnutrition—the conditions cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer
parochial and private schools. One of physical defect and health inferior ica upon the motion picture problem.
of our greatest difficulties in removing ity—the college ought not to be spend Mr. Hays, who was formerly postmaster
causes is in the matter of over fatigue ing its resources upon persons who are general and is now president of the
due to the demands made upon a child not in condition to profit by the cur Motion Picture Producers and Dis
by the school and other social organi riculum offered. The mind is a part tributors of America, Inc., is engaged
zations. It is not infrequent to find of the body and its activity and de in developing the highest ideals in the
a boy or girl between terms spent at a velopment are limited by the results of industry.
tuberculosis preventorium called upon abnormal physical conditions. Among those of us connected with
to remain after school and in other In order to make a nutrition program the motion picture industry there is
ways spend his very limited energies effective the cooperation should be in sometimes too little knowledge of and
upon a program far beyond his sured of four fundamental forces. The sympathy for the great progressive and
strength. When school authorities absence of any one of them tends to constructive forces that are at work
come to recognize that a child's tasks make ineffectual the efforts of the oth among the churches of America. And
should always be fitted to his strength ers. These forces are : The home, the in the churches, I have no doubt, there
life will be more satisfactory to all school and other social organizations, exists here and there a certain lack of
concerned and the child's actual achieve medical agencies, the child's own inter sympathy and understanding for what
ment will be greatly increased. ests. Superintendent West, of Roches is being done by the producers.
Too much emphasis cannot be laid
upon the educational possibilities of this
nutrition program. For the children KEEPS LIQUIDS HOT OR COLD
who are in the nutrition classes it is
not only a matter of their getting well No recreation out-of-doors can be fully enjoyed unless
there be always at hand a good supply of fresh, pure
but they must form such food and liquids for drinking. The Pride of the Farm Thermo Jug
health habits as will keep them well. will keep liquids hot or cold for many hours. It is inex
pensive, handy, and easy to carry in your automobile or
At the same time the children who are otherwise. The construction of this jug is most sturdy; it
not found to be underweight for their is made of heavy steel, coated with a special finish of
battleship gray enamel and attractively striped in red. The
height are liable to meet some special inside container is of heavy glass, with an extra thick
stress or strain or to fall victim to some layer of mineral wool packed between it and the outside
housing, forming the best insulation yet discovered for use
infectious disease which will leave them in thermo jugs.
below par and in need of care. With
ONE GALLON SIZE $4.75; TWO GALLON, $8.50
proper instruction they will be much
better prepared to pass through such
an experience with ,- n outcome very dif
ferent from that ^wch usually results.
WWDinvoi\d8c(pLTD
I 1 "THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES"V
<=,V6S KING STREET, HONOLULU
Much has been said about the value
September, 1922. THE FRIEND 209

Officers: Directors:
E. FAXSON BISHOP President GEO. R. CARTER
RICHARD A. COOKE Vice-President and Manager C. H. COOKE
HORACE JOHNSON Vice-President T. R. GALT
E. A. R. ROSS ! Secretary E. I. SPALDING
W. JAMIESON Treasurer
C. C. RHODES Auditor

REGISTERED ADDRESS "BREWER"

C. BREWER & CO, Ltd. Established 1826

Capital Stock, $4,000,000.00 Reserve Fund, $4,000,000.00

HONOLULU HILO

Representing
MARINE
Oceanic Steamship Company
Nippon Yuen Kaisha Steamship Company
General Steamship Corporation

Sugar Plantations:
Olowalu Company Hakalau Plantation Company
Hilo Sugar Company Honolulu Plantation Company
Onomea Sugar Company Hawaiian Agricultural Company
Honomu Sugar Company Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company
Wailuku Sugar Company Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company
Pepeekeo Sugar Company Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company
Waimanalo Sugar Company Hawi Mill Company, Ltd.
General:
Baldwin Locomotive Works Kapapala Ranch

Insurance :
Royal Insurance Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, England.
London Assurance Corporation, of London. England.
Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd.. of London (Fire and Automobile)
Scottish Union & National Insurance Co., of Edinburgh, .Scotland.
Caledonian Insurance Co. of Edinburgh. Scotland.
British America Assurance Co. of Toronto, Canada.
American & Foreign Marine Insurance Co.
North China Insurance Co., Ltd.
Preferred Accident Insurance Co.
210 THE FRIEND September, 1922.

shower bouquet of orchids and lilies of White was the predominating color
Married at Chesty Chase the valley. used in the decorations at the house
(The following from a Chevy Chase Miss Elizabeth Hemingway, of Nor where the reception took place, and a
paper, re the marriage of Miss Mar folk, Va., who was maid of honor, and bridal supper was served the wedding
garet Scudder, will be of interest to the two brideslaids, Miss Dorothy party. White flowers were used on the
many friends in Hawaii. Rev. Frank Scudder and Miss Ruth Keator, both bridal table, which was set on the
S. Scudder, father of the bride, left cousins of the bride, were dressed alike porch, and autumn flowers were inter
Honolulu several weeks ago to attend in chiffon gowns, combined with lace of mingled with the white in the house.
the wedding.) the same color, which formed the sides During the evening Mr. Gabel and
Margaret Scudder of the dresses. They wore picture hats his bride, left for a wedding trip, and
of black velvet lined with chiffon to will make their home later in Connecti
Weds at Aunt's Home
match their gowns, and trimmed with cut, where he is in business.
THE marriage of Miss Margaret baskets of French flowers embroidered Among the out-of-town guests were
Scudder, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. in the front of the crown. the Rev. Mr. Scudder, father of the
Frank Seymour Scudder, of Honolulu, Miss Hemingway was in orange and bride, and Mrs. Gabel, mother of the
and Cuthbert Charles Gabel, son of the two bridesmaids wore the two bridegroom ; Mr. and Mrs. S. D. Scud
Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Gabel, of Belvi- shades of goldenrod. They all carried der and Miss Anna Scudder, of New
dere, 111., took place last evening in baskets of different kinds of flowers in York ; Mrs. Bruce Keator, of Asburv
AH Saints' Church, Chevy Chase, and shades of yellow, blue and rose. Park ; Mrs. Myron Scudder, of New
was followed by a reception at the August C. Ferger. of Chattanooga. York city, all cousins of the bride :
home of the bride's uncle and aunt Tenn., acted as best man for Mr. Gabel. Miss Grace Frieder and Miss Hazel
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Ernest Far- and the ushers were Raymond D. Scud Frieder, of West End avenue. New
rington, in Chevy Chase. der, of Honolulu, brother of the bride York, and Miss Isabel Finch, of Port
The ceremony was performed at 8.30 and Spencer H. Miller, of Meriden Chester, N. Y., classmates of Miss
o'clock by Canon J. W. Austin in the Conn. Scudder.
presence of a large company of friends
and relatives, and the church was ap
propriately decorated with autumn We Are All Working Men and Women
flowers.
The bride, who was attended by a Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
maid of honor and two bridesmaids yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
wore a lovely wedding gown of white labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
crepe de soleil, draped on Grecian lines finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
and trimmed with seed pearls and rare special need.
old duchess lace, which had been used We will welcome your account.
on Mrs. Farrington's wedding gown
The court train of the same material TH E BANK OF H AWAI l.LTD.
fell several yards on the floor.
BRANCHES
The tulle veil, which was arranged
cap-fashion and trimmed with a ban LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
deau of orange blossoms, fell to the COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
end of the train, and she carried a

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Walkikl Beach, 3Vfe

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this Is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Rlding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car. b
 THE FRIEND
In this Issue

^The Human Factor in Plantation

Employment
Dr. Barton on 4ie Crisis in
Turkey
A Week in Washington
Birds for Hawaii

Next Month

Professor Joseph Bailie of the Industrial

Bureau of the University of Peking, and
HennJ) Ford's Representative in China, will
Tell of "The NTextf China."

HONOLULU OCTOBER, 1922 HAWAII

218 THE FRIEND October, 1922

J . A B A D I E ' S
HOW IT WAS EVOLVED French Laundry
The Trust Company idea is the logical outgrowth of that inherent DYEING AND CLEANING
sense in man that he is, whether or no, his brother's keeper. Centraliza WORKS
tion and system-efficiency—in carrying out the idea is, we believe, a
Trust Company's function.

Main Works Branch Office

TRENT TRUST COMPANY 777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
WILLS - ESTATES - INVESTMENTS Phone 1491 Phone 2919

Next Time Buy a

N. S. Sachs Dry Goods Co., Ltd. We are Sole Agents
116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
for the Good Year
iAKRON=
REXflLL
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QUALITY each one is sold under
a positive guarantee. Auto Service & Supply Co., Ltd.
Agents for Alakea and Merchant Sts.,
Butterick Patterns and Honolulu, T. H.
Publications
Benson, Smith & Co., Ltd.
Trie REXflLL Store

Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR hSj
Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect For News-Japan,Japanese EI
Embalming School of San Francisco,
Cal., also of the Renouard Training and Oriental, Read *f
School for Embalmers of New York.
And a Licensed Embalmer for the
State of New York; also a member ESTABLISHED 1895
of the State Funeral Directors' PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH
Association of California.
MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES
SUBSCHPIIO)
1 mo. J 1.00 TheNippuJijiCo.l™ T. S0GA.
to take pictures now that in the fu
6 mo. 5.25 PUBLISHERS President I
FURNISHED. CHAIRS TO RENT. 1 year 10.00 P.O. Pox 1230 Honolulu. T. H. Editor. ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
1374 NUUANU 8TREET. Commercial Printing in Photo-Engraving & all prices.
Residence, 1374 Nuuanu. Japanese,English & Chinese Rubber Stamp Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
:x: 3= rc :r W Fort Street
Metropolitan Meat
y»jmty»4k«!avWWy>AW^ ..'» ::^v»-::'.<»|
Market
ANTONE LOUIS, Manager. J. HOPP & COMPANY
185 South King Street.
Our large shipping business is quite
independent of our family trade. Our line of Furniture, Draperies and Rugs is complete in all details.
We endeavor to keep both phases We invite your inspection.
of our business at top notch. Liberal Terms.

50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445 J. HOPP & CO. 185 S. King Street.
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, OCTOBER. 1922. No. 10.

Trie Human Factor in Plantation Employment

By W. A. Tate
THE old economics was primarily A "close-up" of the local labor environ What does this involve? It in
ment by one who has had Intimate contact
concerned with questions of produc with plantation conditions. Dr. Tate has volves recognition of the fact that
tion and distribution and the like, in resigned from the position of resident mis every job connects up not only with
other words, with the machinery of in sionary under the Hawaiian Board at La- the muscle ami brawn of the laborer,
haina, Maui. His final contribution—a full
dustry and manufacture. The new report of the field and work covered (of but with a mind. Human beings think
economics is concerned with all that, which this article is a part) is a notable and because 'they think they have ideas.
one.
but with vastly more. It takes account Every job is associated with a mental
of all the instruments of production, what is really vital, the reactions and environment. Therefore, what the labor
but it also takes account of the prob responses of the laborer toward them er thinks about his job has an impor
lems concerned with the consumption and his job. This is the one command tant bearing on the way he does his
of goods and with the welfare of the ing thing that must be studied if we job. One of the tasks before us, then,
laborer himself. In fact, it is coming are to prepare for what is coming in is to learn what the laborer really
to see that the vital element in all in industrial Hawaii in the future. thinks about his job and to study the
dustry is really the human element— It is common knowledge that the reasons he gives for so thinking. At
the motives, the ideals, the aims and labor market is becoming more strin present it seems evident, if home and
purposes that govern the workers, and gent every year. The growth of the parental influences count at all, and we
management. pineapple industry and the numerous know they count for a good deal, that
This manifest and growing tendency other forms of business and manufac a great number of the laborers on the
to bring psychology into the service ture that are springing up will add to plantations do not want their children
of economics, however, has not yet this stringency. A new Hawaii is be there. All sorts of reasons may be
found general acceptation. In many ing born—an Hawaii that seeks "a offered in explanation of this attitude
cases, as Carleton Parker wrote some place in the sun" along with other but the one important thing to remem
time ago : "The lip homage given by modern communities and a Hawaii ber is, that the attempt to get Hawaiian-
orthodox economics to the field of con therefore, that must face new living born children to work in local indus
sumption seems to be inspired merely conditions and new labor conditions. tries can never be successful in spite of
by the feeling that disaster might over It goes without saying, of course, all our educational adventures in vo
come production if workers were that every corporation must consider cational training unless in some way we
starved or business men discouraged. production, distribution and dividend can enlist the sympathy and interest of
So while the official economic science problems, but here in Hawaii the cor the parents in the homes. The enlist
tinkers at its transient institutions porations must also consider in the ment of such an interest, however, is
which flourish in one decade and pass future and study in a more scientific not merely a matter of economics, it is
out in the next, abnormal and behavior- way, that heretofore largely unconsid largely a matter of psychology. It de
istic phychology, physiology, psychia ered problem—the worker. Because pends to a great extent on the sort of
try, are building in their laboratories of the easy and abundant means of mental environment the job creates in
by induction from human specimens of the minds of the workers themselves.
communication now open between Ha
modern economic life, a standard of waii and the mainland and the ex During the three years that the writ
human values and an elucidation of pansion of trade with the Orient new er has been in Hawaii he has scarcely
behavior fundamentals which we must situations are arising that, of necessity, heard any complaints about the rate
use in our legislative or personal modi will have a lot of bearing on labor of wages from the Japanese or Filipino
fication of modern civilization." conditions in the Islands. If the in workers. The loudest complaints
Labor unrest on the plantations is dustrial leaders of Hawaii are wide- against plantation conditions that he
not simply a matter of dollars and visioned enough to see this, it will be has heard, have come from a Japanese
cents, adequate housing conditions and possible to bring about a smooth and' who never worked on the plantations
so forth. All of these things have an gradual readjustment to the changing and whose arguments when simmered
important bearing on the situation, but situation. The one great need is that down showed him to be violently pro-
the really important thing is an under we tackle the problems of the laborer Japanese and possessed of an inherent
standing of human psychology. We on the plantation with a clearer and prejudice against what he called Capi
must not only take into acacount all truer understanding of human psy tal. On the other hand he has heard
the things mentioned above, but also, chology. numerous complaints concerning the
220 THE FRIEND October, 1922

contemptuous treatment handed out to The luna who loves his work and and better. The following notice post
them by plantation lunas, nurses, po takes a pride in it, if possessed of tact ed by the Night School students—in
licemen, and welfare workers. Much and friendliness can create a similar this case—Filipinos—on the School
of the labor unrest on the plantations love and pride in his men, especially House door in one of the camps is an
is due to the treatment meted out to if they are young. With certain types illustration of this fact:
the workers by ignorant, stupid, obsti of men, however, this is not possible, NOTICE
nate and immoral lunas. A prominent no matter how hard the luna tries, but
plantation manager in a recent con To Whom it Concern
wherever it is possible to create pride
versation confirmed this and said nearly This building was built for school
in one's work, tactfulness and friend
all the complaints that come from his purpose and please don't use it as
liness on the part of the luna, is the
workers have to do with unjust and ar a meeting or dancing room. We the
easiest and surest way. Put young
school boys of this school made this
bitrary actions on the part of lunas men just out of school under a bully
notice because we are greatly tired
and foremen, which left the workers ing luna who thinks of them not so
resentful. These complaints on one in cleaning your dirts and spits on
much as co-workers in a common enter
the floor and walls.
plantation were reduced almost to a prise but as an occasion for "bossing"
minimum when the manager inaugurat Remember that the teacher is a
(not as fellow-men but as so many
ed regular meetings with his lunas, in white woman and she does not like
"Japs" and "Filipinos") ; whose favor
structed them to listen patiently to all dirty room and remember the honor
ite mode of address is besprinkled with
you boys owe to your race and espe
complaints and to devise means foi oaths and bad language and it is not
cially your country.
their adjustment and forbade absolutely hard to prophesy the sort of mental
any arbitrary dealings with the men. attitude to a job such a luna or fore By Night School Boys
He supplemented these meetings with man will create, especially, if we bear The Night School boys of this Fili
the lunas and overseers, by meetings in mind the sort of education in citi pino camp not only stage a Community
with the workers in their camps. In zenship and fair treatment these young Christmas tree every Christmas for the
terested in Night School work he used people have received in our public- children and adults in their camp, but
his visits as occasions for the expres schools. "Am I an American?" asked they purchased Christmas candy for all
sion of his appreciation to the workers an Hawaiian born Japanese young man. the children in the local plantation hos
for their loyal cooperation, and made "Of course you are," was the reply. pital.
plain the desire of the plantation man "Well, then, why is it they persist in In one of the Japanese camps the
agement to give the workers a square calling me a Jap?" This suggests that Community House was forlorn, dirty
deal, by saying that his office door was one of the qualifications of the future and decorated with dusty Japanese dec
always open to the man who felt he luna, if we are to have satisfied workers, orations. A school was started and in
had a real grievance. The net result will be ability to handle men, and that two weeks, under the unconscious in
of this was the building up of a fine calls for tact, resourcefulness, respect fluence of the teacher, the students got
plantation morale. At meetings held for human values, or in other words, busy. The approach to the school-
by leaders of the various races, I found an understanding of human psychology. house was cleaned up, the Japanese
the men constantly alluding to the Such men will have to be better edu decorations removed, the room scrubbed
manager's visits and expressing their cated as a class than is true at present. and an American flag was hung above
gratification that he should be so in They must be of a sort that can com the blackboard. At the close of the
terested in them. Many of the workers mand the respect of the workers and school session a little Japanese girl
have said to the writer again and again that know how to respect them in turn came forward and presented the teach
"If all manager like Mr. X— every and this means that they must be paid er with a bouquet of flowers. The stu
thing all right." Of another manager higher entrance salaries than now ob dents then followed with other gifts of
his men (Japanese) said: "We proud tain. College trained men cannot be fruit and sweets. Wherever a camp
Mr. N— is our manager, he very good expected to be attracted by a begin Night School is organized there is
to us. No pilikia." And as always ning wage of fifty to seventy-five dol born a community spirit which finds
the satisfaction of the men has borne lars, for on most of our plantations expression in a community Christmas
fruit in better work and a finer loyalty advancement to higher and better paid tree, camp socials, visitation of the
to the plantation's interests. positions is slow. sick and other ways of helpfulness.
The Night Schools are a splendid All these social advances have been
A visit to the Night Schools in the
example of how the knowledge of the result of mental stimulation. The
Camps and a talk by the manager is' psychology produces results. In those truth is, there is no attitude or condi
regarded by the students as a gala oc camps where Night Schools have been tion that is proof against the influence
casion. The workers hunger for per established under trained teachers a of a new idea. The young men who
sonal recognition on the part of the fine spirit of cooperation and a splen are growing up around the plantations,
plantation management. They like to did morale is being built up. W'hen however, get most of their notions
feel that they are more than a number the men are regarded merely as chattels ready-made and they inherit an anti-
on the books and that they have worth they act like chattels. Sometimes they plantation attitude. They seem to
as men as well as instruments of pro are dirty in their personal habits and think plantation life is associated with
duction. And they take every oppor filthily dirty in their homes. But this poor and cramped living conditions
tunity to manifest their appreciation of soon changes under the right sort of and they desire something better. One
the interest shown in them as men. moral stimulus into something finer of my friends, a Japanese tailor, has
October, 1922. THE FRIEND 221

just moved into a real American house.

When I congratulated his wife on the
What Form Shall Kuhio Memorial Take?
achievement she said : "I cannot tell Honolulu, Hawaii
you how happy I am. For the most October
part of our lives my husband and I have The Editor of The Friend, Sixth
had to live in one room and a kitchen
Honolulu, Hawaii. 19 2 2
but now my business makes it possible
for me to have a real, home and I am
Dear Sir:
wonderfully happy." The Kuhio Memorial Committee will appreciate
I have great faith for the most part suggestions that will permit the committee to know
in the men who control our local in public sentiment in connection with an intention to
dustries. In the majority of cases they erect a memorial to the late Price Kuhio.
do the best they can. But, in spite of There appears to be considerable division of
themselves, it is easy to think more of opinion on the question of the form of memorial.
the machinery of their industry than Most of the Hawaiian societies and a great many citi
of human values. They must realize zens have expressed a desire for an auditorium to be
more and more that beside the ques erected at or near the Civic Center. This appears to
tions of wages and housing conditions,
the members of the committee as the most practical
and it is essential that these be ade
quate, there is the question of labor suggestion, offering, as it does, the memorial fea
personnel. A scientific study must be ture and also the utility feature.
made of the personal factor, the rela The committee are unwilling to take definite
tion, the attitude, the state of mind of steps, however, until opportunity has been given for
the laborer towards his job. Our free expression of opinion, and it is hoped, there
local industries have been slow to rec fore, that "The Friend" readers will be willing to
ognize the importance of industrial assist the committee by making known their feelings.
psychology. They can postpone this Very truly yours,
recognition no Jonger. The next great
advance in the solution of our prob Raymond C. Brown,
lems of labor unrest awaits it. Chairman, Kuhio Memorial Committee.

Dr. Barton on 4ie Crisis in Turkey

FROM THE MISSIONARY HERALD
NOW that Mustapha Kemal has These are days when the Christian ing I do not believe. The Turks are
cleared Asia Minor of foreign con naturally takes account of his stock not desirous of making the United
trol and the Nationalists have assumed in faith and learns how rich he is. States an enemy. They are hoping
an assertive attitude toward all foreign The interview follows :— that American capital will come in to
interference, what shall be the future I. Are our missionaries safe in Tur develop the resources of the country
of the American missionary in Turkey? key? and to be the agency through which a
What will be the treatment accorded I do not believe we have reason to measure of prosperity may be restored
the Nationals of other nations? Will fear for the personal safety of our to the country. Through a century of
an attempt be made to close all Ameri missionaries in Turkey. They may American missionary endeavor and
can institutions? Will they be called be sent out of the country by the through the widespread relief measures
upon, if they remain, to readjust their Turks, stimulated by a new zeal be carried out by missionaries and other
aims and methods? What of the gotten of their notable victory over the American relief workers at different
night? Are there any signs of the Greeks and the discomfiture of the times, but especially in the last six
dawn ? Allies through failure to cooperate years, hundreds of thousands of peo
The large constituency of the Board but the Turks would not risk making ple of all races have come to associ
alive to the significance of the Kemalist the United States an enemy by wan ate the name of America with deeds of
triumph is seeking light. There is a tonly injuring Americans. We can kindness and mercy, and these will not
demand for the opinion of the Senior rely upon the loyalty and energy of change their opinion or withdraw their
Secretary of the Board on the subject our High Commissioner, Admiral Bris confidence under the orders of any
because of his broad and profound tol, to bring to bear upon the Turkish Turkish official however high his rank.
knowledge of things Turkish. Dr officials all possible pressure to protect American missionaries in Turkey have
Barton consequently has consented to Americans, if the employment of pres a vast multitude of devoted friends.
be "interviewed." The questions raised sure should be necessary. These do not appear in the "present
are representative if not thoroughly II. Are conditions in Turkey as seri reports" referred to in the question
comprehensive. That the answers are ous as present reports would indicate? but they are a mighty factor neverthe
those of an optimist, hardly needs to be That conditions are serious no one less. These conditions are not changed
said. Why should they not be so? would question. That they are alarm by the military successes of the Kemal
222 THE FRIEND October, 1922.

ists. In the first flush of victory Mu- The area occupied is strategic; the laws forbiding the teaching of Chris
stapha Kemal may issue decrees that times are urgent ; and the need of tianity to Turks in American schools
if carried out, would be highly detri united special effort now is imperative and colleges or elsewhere. We must
mental to missionary work, but he Let our Faith, not our fears, predom be prepared to meet the question when
would meet with strong opposition in inate. it arises. There will probably be no
their execution. There are many pow IV. What about treaty rights; are interference with the teaching of Chris
erful influence calculated to restrain the Capitulations and Concessions in tianity to Armenians, Greeks, and Syr
the Kemalists from committing overt Turkey still operative? ians, or with their worship within
acts against Americans and their in The Capitulations and Concessions their own buildings.
terests in Turkey. were the laws promulgated by the Sul VI. What will be the best method of
tans of Turkey defining the rights and missionary approach to Turkey?
III. Will the American Board be privileges under which foreign inter I believe the four avenues of ap
forced to retire from Turkey? est might enter the country and oper proach to the Moslems of Turkey in
I do not think so. It may be neces ate. These took the place of treaties the order of their availability will be
sary to make changes in our methods with Christian nations. All missionary (1) medical work, (2) the press, (3)
of work and possibly to close some work there was begun and continued social service, and (4) education. The
places hitherto occupied and open other under the Capitulations. Christian doctor, reinforced by Chris
places not formerly occupied. We must At the outbreak of the war, the tian nurses and a hospital conducted in
be ready to adapt ourselves to what party in power in Turkey by procla the spirit of Jesus, will continue to
ever new conditions may arise and mation announced that the Capitula command the patronage of Mohamme
meet them fairly and boldly. If Con tions and Concessions were abrogated dans, while mightily commending the
stantinople, with a population of 1,200,- The foreign embassies in Constanti Christian religion, the fruits of which
000, remains an international city nople united in protest against abroga- the medical work in all its depart
this with its outlying areas will give gation, on the ground that the Capitu ments unmistakably reveals. These
a population of large proportions, with lations were essentially treaties and people are sorely in need of that which
which to work, including leading fam could not be set aside without the con the missionary physician can bring
ilies among all the races in the old sent of both contracting parties. Our them, and in the medical work the ob
Turkish Empire. An international city State Department has consistently af servant Moslem will see the spirit of
would undoubtedly give full religious firmed that the rights of Americans in the compassionate Christ. It would be
liberty to all races. The city would Turkey are defined by the Capitula practically impossible for a fanatical
inevitably become a haven of protec tions which are assumed to be opera government to find anything to con
tion and of freedom to all who dwelt tive until something equally satisfac demn in this already appreciated form
there or who entered there. This alone torily takes their place. of approach. The medical work must
would give a large and fruitful field Since diplomatic relations with Tur continue throughout the country in
for Christian activity. key have not been resumed since the ■ greater force than before.
The boundaries of Nationalist domains war, adjustment of the differences in The same is largely true of the print
at the best will, be materially smaller volved has been impossible, but we as ed page. Tens of thousands of Turks
than at the outset of the war. The sume that the Capitulations stand, not have caught something of a taste for
Transcaucasus hitherto closed is al only within the bounds of Turkey as modern education and desire more
ready becoming an encouraging and it shall later be delimited, but in all knowledge of the world of ideas.
fruitful field for Christian work. The mandatory areas as well as in all sec Their own establishments are hope
people of Kurdistan are more approach tions of Turkey added to other govern lessly bound by tradition. The right
able than they have ever been before ments. The Capitulations can right kind of literature prepared, not for
and under the final adjustments may fully be abrogated only by consent of propaganda, but for general enlighten
become quite accessible. I believe that the foreign nations concerned. ment, but permeated by the spirit of
in the Near East there will remain to V. How far will there be freedom of brotherly love and shot through with
us a great field and effectual for Chris worship and teaching in the new Tur the puropse to enlighten ignorance and
tian work, even if Kemalists return to key? awaken new desires and hopes, would
Canstantinople with full, authority. There are many indications that the command a reading in spite of official
Turkey is a large and mighty im Government of the Nationalists, just opposition.
portant country lying upon the borders now very much in power, will take a Personal contacts in all walks of
of Europe and occupied by ancient redical stand against all work that is life, in clubs for general enlightenment
races of vast historical importance. It aimed at reaching Moslems. Articles and in gatherings for entertainment
is surrounded by races of no less sig which have recently appeared in offcial cannot fail to have a place of increas
nificance. The Arab and the Syrian Turkish papers in Constantinople and ing significance in convincing the Turk
upon the south, the Armenian, the in the interior, as well as utterances of that Christianity is not the accursed
Georgian, the Tartar, the Kurd and influential Mohammedans, give reason thing he has been taught to believe.
the Russian upon the northeast, the to expect that unusual effort will be This field of approach has been but
Greek, the Albanian, the Serbian and made to protect Moslems from the slightly developed, but is full of prom
the Bulgarian upon the northwest— Christian approach. We may expect a ise for the future. The power of per
all these people should command the new and unusual wave of Moslem fa sonal contact of Christian with Moslem
attention of Christians of the West naticism which may be embodied in cannot be measured.
October, 1922. THE FRIEND 223

Education will continue to be a door

of approach to all races in Turkey
Liberty in teaching the history, con
A Week in Washington
tent, and claims of Christianity to By F. S. Scudder
Turks may be curtailed, but this dooi TIHE most beautiful city in the was the secret of the mystic beauty of
of approach will hardly be closed, al world," some say. "Except Paris," that peerless temple on the Acropolis.
though there may be heavy restrictions say others ; but with Washington's Were there nothing within but the
placed upon the attendance of Moslems wonderful location and plans for har memory, the Memorial would be su
in Christian schools. Again let me say : monious and artistic expansion, Paris perb, but as you mount the steps of
We must not take counsel of fears will have to run a swift pace to keep the grand approach and enter, stand
but of our Faith. ahead of our Capitol City. ing face to face with the majestic statue
* * * *
of Lincoln, seated in deep contem
"The leader for the time being, who plation, expressive of life to the tips
ever he may be, is but an instrument, to of his fingers, it conies upon you with
be used until broken and then cast great power that you are in the pres
aside ; and if he is worth his salt he ence of an immortal. You do not look
will care no more when he is broken at him as you would at the greatest
than a soldier cares when he is sent living mortal, and go away satisfied
where his life is forfeit in order that saying, "I have seen him, he is splen
the victory may be won. In the long did." Not so ; you stand in silence
fight for righteousness the watchword and wonder; you are held to the spot
for all of us is spend and be spent. It in solemn adoration, the intense hu
is of little matter whether any one man Unmarked by any inscription, yet known manity of Lincoln, his strength, his
fails or succeeds ; but the cause shall to every visitor, is this beautiful marble sympathy, his humor, his perplexities
not fail, for it is the cause of mankind. tomb which enshrines the remains of the and sorrows, his triumphs and his un
We here in America hold in our hands Unknown Soldier. It stands in front of
the chapel of the Arlington memorial amphi
requited sufferings, how he turned the
the hope of the world, the fate of com tide of history, how the world vener
ing years ; and shame and disgrace will theatre.
ates him, how this shrine pulsates with
be ours if, in our eyes, the light of high his presence. Must you turn away
resolve is dimmed, if we trail in the Since my last visit there two wonder
ful memorials have been added—the and leave this hallowed atmosphere? If
dust the golden hopes of men."—Theo so it will be to come right back again
dore Roosevelt, Carnegie Hall Speech Lincoln and the Arlington Memorials,—
and expectation is entertained of build and bring another to share the experi
1912. ence of standing in his presence. The
* * * * ing between them a wonderful bridge
across the Potomac, thus opening a statute is the one solitary thing in the
It is reported that over six hundred temple, but upon the walls are graven
applicants for the freshman class at straight line of communication from
the Capitol, past Lincoln Memorial to some of Lincoln's literary masterpieces,
Swarthmore College have been received the breath of his genius. Always this
this year and only 85 men and 85 the Arlington Memorial.
Always wonderful,—yes,—but the shrine draws you back again. You
women can be entered. During the must see it in your different moods, in
summer the following letter was sent to glory of former days is as pale moon
different lights and shades, morning
the applicants : light compared with the glory of the city
that holds these new memorials. It and afternoon, in the evening when it
"Dear Friend—Simplicity and mod is illuminated by searchlight and later
esty in the dress of its women has is as tho a sacred presence had come
when it stands a white shadow in the
been a tradition at Swarthmore. It is and taken up its abode in the city.
darkness, and always within, the silent
the very earnest desire of the authori To some the Arlington Memorial
Lincoln sits in contemplation, guardian
ties of the College that this tradition with its graceful, curving lines, and its
spirit in our nation's life.
should in no way be affected by the pure white auditorium open to the blue
trend of modern society. Women stu sky and its impressive tomb of the Un Citizens of a democracy are in danger
dents and their mothers are requested known Soldier,—the river, the hills of losing out of their lives one of the
to cooperate in upholding and preserv and the whole beautiful city in the loftiest thrills of which the human
ing this standard. We hope especially foreground,—is the matchless accom heart is capable. Probably no King
that the mothers of our girls will agree plishment of art and love, unequalled or Emperor has ever stirred in the
with us that extremes or eccentricities by any marbled creation in Washing hearts of his subjects a diviner
in style of the dress and coiffures are ton. thrill than some of our Presidents
not indicative of the good taste which Upon others the stately temple of rising to emergencies, have kindled in
college women should preserve." the Lincoln Memorial towering in iso the hearts of our citizens. But there
The letter is signed by the President lated grandeur and reflected in the is this difference. In monarchies the
of the Women Students' Government placid waters makes the more pro supreme honor resides in the throne
the Dean of Women and the Chairman found impression. Like the Parthenon rather in the man who occupies it.
of the Household Committee of the it nowhere contains a straight line. The result is that whoever may be
Board of Managers. A similar letter The lines, apparently straight, are all King, the "pillar of fire" or "shekinah"
was sent to the men. softened by an invisible curve which is always glowing and radiant. In a
224 THE FRIEND October, 1922.

democracy the tendency is to think some moments besieged by newspaper to or by Mrs. Harding before it is
rather of the man, who is president, reporters, so we saw them at fine ad given to the public.
and forget the sublime character of vantage and heard their voices. Hoover. One would have no difficulty in
the office. "Honor the King" translat Hubert Work, Secretary Davis, Senator recognizing Mr. Harding anywhere,
ed into terms of democracy should Fall and others,—a flutter of excite from the pictures with which everyone
mean, "Honor the Supreme Representa ment preceding the great moment when is familiar. Physically perfect, hand
tive of the People, 'He is a minister of we should see the President himself. some, dignified and gracious, he is the
God' " ; the office as personified in the The President, of course, gives a kind of man one would naturally pick
president is greater than the man. handshake and greeting, and passes for President.
So, to me, the President is more the visitors right along, but I deter In these post-war days, when the
than a great man ; he is the efful mined if possible to get in a word religious and ethical ideas of the peo
gence of the Presidency. He is the with him. When I was presented to ple are fluctuating like stocks, there is
People, the Forty-eight States, the him I resisted the onward move and particular satisfaction in the assura-
Voice and Will of America. He is kept looking earnestly into his face ance that our President stands firm on
the glorious history of our country while exchanging greetings, and then the Rock of Ages. If he were waver
the genius of its present life, the said, "I wish I might bear your greet ing imagine how we might slip our
prophet of its future. Considering our ings to Gov. Farrington." "O yes anchorage. Whatever he may accom
land as God's Country. "He is God's please do ; you are from Hawaii, please plish during his administration, he can
minister,"—a bearer of the sword give him my heartiest greetings," said render no higher benefit to the nation
against those who do evil, and opener the President. Then after exchanging than standing firmly on principles enun
of new opportunities to those whose a few words about the Governor, he ciated in an address shortly after his
ways are right. Regarded from an said "How well I remember that happy election to his high office;—
other approach he is at the point of visit in Hawaii. Don't I wish I were "One of the great essentials of the
contact between that part of our coun right there at Waikiki this very minute hour is an understanding between man
try which is bounded by the Atlantic —I hope to be there again." and his God. I don't believe men have
and Pacific oceans and that part of our About the time of Mrs. Harding's the highest type of civilization with
country which is in heaven, peopled illness, but before it was publicly made out a religious strain. We need its
with the ever living noble and illus known, some friends were asking if discipline. I want America reconse
trious "dead" who have made our coun they might meet the President. A spe crated to the religious reverence that
try what it is. He is at the incandes cial request was made and an invita was apparent in the early days of the
cent point between our nation's past and tion followed. The President had said Republic. * * * Just government is the
present. "Certainly, if they wish to see me, let highest concept in the world. I don't
So I do not need to see about him it be arranged." How much this meant think a government can be wholly just
"the pomp of heraldry, the pride of was apparent the following day, when that has not in some way a contract
power," in order to get all the thrill Mrs. Harding's illness was announced with omnipotence. In the conception
chat a "subject" experiences at sight and it was said that for the last three of Versailles there was no recognition
of his King. Already he is invested days the President had been spending of God Almighty. The best relation
with a kind of glory that makes medals every spare moment at her bedside. ship of the nations of the world must
and trumpets look common. I recall a story told of Mr. Harding be founded upon the recognition of
A week in Washington meant then before he was nominated for the Presi that idea."
the thrill of nearness to the great dency. On a very busy day a friend
Head of our Nation. The Presence was called to see him. Instead of politely
there. If I should have the privilege excusing himself, Mr. Harding went Reconciling Influences
of seeing him, I should be glad, but to the door, took his friend by the "Forgetting the things which are be
even tho I should not see him, I felt hand and said, "You know I have all hind, and pressing forward to the
that he was near,—something as a wor the time in the world for you Charlie, things which are before" is the central
shipper in a holy temple feels the but not today." idea underlying two recent events of
presence of the Great Unseen. Such is the gracious friendliness of large significance in the relation of the
But it was to be my privilege to see the man who is carrying the tremen American churches with the churches
him face to face. A gentleman who dous responsibility of the affairs of of the lands from which they were for
is in close official relation to the Presi the nation. One often wonders who merly separated by the vicissitudes of
dent, happened also to be a friend of writes the addresses delivered by the war. One of these events was the re
my daughter, and said to her, "If you President on so many and such varied ception of Dr. George Michaelis, for
wish I can secure an invitation for you subjects. By one who knows and has merly Chancellor of Germany, as a
and your friends to meet the President." charge of filing the public utterances guest at the July meeting of the Ad
Of course she did wish, and I, being of the President, I was told of the ministrative Committee of the Federal
a friend of my daughter, was includ President's method of preparing ad Council of the Churches of Christ in
ed in the invitation. When we arrived dresses. He calls upon experts to America.
at the White House the Cabinet was search out for him the facts, statis Chancellor Michaelis is President of
in session, and on its adjournment tics or information which he requires the Student Christian Federation of
these distinguished leaders passed di but every speech is carefully prepared Germany, and it was in this connection
rectly in front of us, and stood for by the President himself, and is read that he was especially welcomed.
 October, 1922. THE FRIEND 225

ful. for the control of horn-fly and cut

Birds for Hawaii!! worms. Having studied the habits of
these in the United States for years, I
THE announcement from Entomolo in this month's number about the birds, have selected eleven species as particu
gist David Fullaway that three having long wondered why no attempt larly adapted to the conditions on the
species of birds have been approved for has even been made to introduce some ranch.
introduction into Hawaii is encouraging- of those friends of men and foes of "Previously, I have recommended
evidence that the subject of bird im bugs to the islands. 1 know that there three Australian species—the pewee lark,
portation has not been dropped and are birds that cannot be classed in either recently introduced, being one of them.
that eventually the greatest lack of Ha of these categories and am neither The small fly catcher, Ripidura tricolor,
waii will be overcome. ornithologist nor entomologist enough too, has been granted admittance to the
Nearly all residents of present-day to say which is which, but am just a Territory by the Board of Agriculture,
Hawaii are agreed that the absence of plain lover of birds who is very weary but funds are not now available to
bird life is a real misfortune. The tra of the sparrow and the mynah. 'only bring them in.
dition of thousands of gay plumaged those and nothing more!'
"The straw-necked ibis, one of nature's
song birds has come down from the "I took it as a happy coincidence that
most efficient checks on cut worms, pos
enchanting Hawaii of the past. Only just after I read your bird piece. The
sibly would not stay on the Parker
last month when the journal of Mrs. National Geographic Magazine for June
Ranch, because of a lack of suitable
Seth L. Andrews was quoted in The came to hand, half full of illustrated
marshy places for breeding, yet they fly
Friend, two romantic bits of old Hawaii bird talk ; fifty colored pictures of com
for hundreds of miles from their breed
were touched upon ; the sandalwood mon birds! This was prepared under
ing grounds in Australia, visiting the
road, "formerly used for bringing down the direction of the Secretary of Agri
grub-infested cane fields of North
from the mountains sandalwood for ex culture, and it stated in the introduc
Queensland. It is certainly worth while
port," and the singing birds which the tory text that the annual, loss to the
to make a try with these birds, and I
travelers encountered in the forest. Mrs. American farmer from insects is not would recommend that considerable
Andrews wrote : "A mile further brought 420 millions as you have it, but 700 mil numbers of the other two species, say
us to the skirt of the woods and into lions of dollars. 25 pairs of each, be procured as soon as
the region of the singing birds. The "The loss to some of us here is even
possible. This would give them a chance
forest resounded with their merriest greater than that comparatively, for we to breed and more quickly become estab
notes." have hardly any fruit left. I say noth lished.
But more than esthetic delight coun ing of the aesthetic value of our
sels a policy of bird importation, for feathered friends, though maybe the "Of the California birds, the meadow-
Hawaii is insect pest ridden beyond all pretty little creatures are worth as lark has already been recommended to
endurance. much in that respect as they are eco the Board for introduction by Mr. Ful
In 1913 The Friend carried an edi nomically. Who will assess the value laway and probably will be brought in
torial from which the following is a of beauty? as soon as funds are available—after
quotation : "In these days of conserva "Trusting that something practical the next session of the Legislature.
tion the attention of the entire world is may be done in bird immigration, I am. Bird importation, however, especially
being slowly focused upon the preserva "Yours truly, the insectivorous varieties, is a difficult
tion of its birds. The Department of "Rohert Catton." and expensive procedure, since each
Agriculture estimates the damage to shipment must be accompanied by an ex
crops by insects in a single year at no So much for history, and obviously, perienced attendant to supply the birds
less than $420,100,000, and shows by much more in the line of bird agitation with proper diet. With some species
incontrovertible figures that this bill has been done than is here suggested. this is exceedingly difficult, i.e., fly
grows larger as insect eating birds de Later developments are these : catchers, etc."
crease. Hence the cry, "Save the birds." The straw-necked ibis, pewee lark, Mr. E. H. Ehrhorn, Territorial Bird
is resounding even in the halls of con shepherd's companion, and meadow and Plant Inspector, emphasizes the dif
gress. lark have been approved and will ficulty of catching the meadow larks
A month later, Mr. Robert Catton, be brought to the Territory by the alive as well as the problems of trans
long a champion of bird life in Hawaii, Board of Agriculture and Forestry as portation. On a recent visit to Califor
came back with an interesting com possible aids in the control of the cut nia, however, he arranged for the services
mentary which increased the annual worm and horn fly pests. A longer of a man who will begin to trap the
damage to the American farmer by al list of suitable species (eleven in all) larks as soon as funds are available.
most three millions of dollars. has been suggested by Dr. J. F. Illing- Previously Mr. Ehrhorn secured per
Mr. Catton is still talking birds (we worth to the Parker Ranch. Mr. Carter, mission from California State authori
discussed the subject with him but a manager of the ranch, has already im ties and from Washington.
few weeks ago) and his letter of ported several species at the suggestion Mr. Ehrhorn makes it clear that the
August, 1913, is as pertinent as it was of local experts and is ready to bring greatest precaution is being taken that
on the day on which it was written : in more. Dr. Illingworth says in his no birds imported may prove a menace
"To the Editor of The Friend: report : at a later date. Experts in various
"Dear Sir: "There are numerous birds, both in parts of the world have been consulted,
"I was very glad to see your article the United States and in Australia, use- and it is as a result of careful inquiry
 October, 1922
226 THE FRIEND
ing energy and devoted services of men and women, separated by a dis
that the species named have been ap tance of about 40 feet, were addressing
proved by the Board of Agriculture and Mr. Ygloria.
He was also the founder of Ang crowds of from 40 to 200 men each ;
Forestry. or one crowd might be singing or
Of these, but one may be classed as Abyan which has continued to serve
the Filipino people since 1915. listening to a solo, while others were
a song bird. This is the meadow lark,
Three years or so ago, the insidious listening- to speeches or standing on
so long identified with California.
disease called "The White Plague" the fringe of the crowd talking in
A bulletin on the Birds of California,
threatened the life of this humble mis groups. The several voices each in
issued by the U. S. Department of Ag
riculture, has this to say about the sionary. He fought bravely against tense in. its earnestness, gave the ap
it, seeking treatment at the Leahi Home pearance of keen competition and one
meadow lark : could not fail to be impressed with a
"Only professional ornithologists take and at the Kula Sanitarium. Through
note of the plumage differences between the trying years, his thought centered rivalry in which each competitor
the eastern and western species of the on his people. During the strike on seemed glad at the success of his ri
meadow lark, but the difference in song Oahu in 1920, Mr. Ygloria advised his val. The talk was straight from the
is evident to the dullest ear. Owing to people strongly against their taking shoulder, and whatever the hearers
the snow, meadow larks in the northern part in the movement and thereby alien thought about Christianity, they never
and eastern parts of the United States ated the support and sympathy of many though it was dead.
must migrate in winter far enough south of the Filipinos. Despite his weakened
to find open ground, but in California condition, he returned to Ewa a few
valleys no such necessity exists, so the months ago and labored with all his Peace Student in
bird remains on the same range the resources towards the upbuilding of a
year round, and carries on its good strong Christian work on this island
Editorial Service
work of destroying insects and weeds." From his sick-bed he held confer Word from Japan that Mr. Shimeta
Some complaints have been registered ences, gave advice and exerted his tal Yamada has joined the staff of the Japan
against the meadow lark's fondness for ents for leadership, not only among the Advertiser has been received with in
growing grain, but stomach analysis people of his own community, but also terest in Hawaii. Mr. Yamada was a
carried on by government experts has among all the Christian Filipinos in Friend Peace Scholarship student at
disproved the theory of other than a these islands. Mills School and later at Oberlin Col
minimum grain diet. The feeling seems Mr. Ygloria was a splendid example lege, where he graduated.
to be practically universal that birds as of a real man. With his Christian Returning to Hawaii in 1921, he
a class, notwithstanding their sins, do character, he showed forth the spirit rendered a distinct service as principal
more good than harm. "We can't get of service, during the war performing of the Japanese Language school at
along without the birds," is a sentiment his task with fidelity and zeal, and Huleia, Kauai. He pioneered the in
voiced by most fruit and grain growers through all the years of his ministry troduction of Roman-ji into the school
in the State of California. manifesting those qualities that consti curriculum in the islands and was emi
The importation of several carefully tute a real leader—vision, high pur nently successful in creating a whole
selected birds for economic reasons is a pose, patience and humility. These some American atmosphere in his
step in the right direction for Hawaii. islands are the better off for what this school.
Once their usefulness is established, the leader has done here, and his story Baron Kanda and Viscount Shibu-
desire for other species will grow, and will be a constant incentive to his fol sawa, both interested in the Peace
money for their importation will be had lowers to strive to become more like Scholarships since their inception in
with a minimum of effort. him.—H. P. J. Japan early in 1911, were instrumental
E. V. W. in securing the editorial position for
Mr. Yamada.
Glad of Rival's Success Mr. Yamada writes to the founder
A Leader of His People Los Angeles has an interesting way of the Friend Peace Scholarships in Ha
BY THE death of the Rev. Simon of doing things, so that one need not be
waii:
R. Ygloria last Thursday evening surprised at the unusual, but nowhere "The time has come for me to work
the Filipino community of Hawaii nei have I seen a more business like at for my father and mother countries,
has lost one of its real leaders. Mr. tempt to "sell" the gospel than in one namely, America and Japan. Do pray
Ygloria came here from the Philip of the downtown streets on a Sunday for me that I may successfully work
pines more than nine years ago to afternoon. Seeing a crowd of people for your ideal and my own, too."
labor among his people as a Christian extending the entire length of a block,
missionary and pastor. He was lo I wondered whether there had been a
cated at Ewa and worked also at Wai- fire or an accident, or whether some Dr. Scudder to California
alua. Rallying around him many of lively tricks were being performed. On
the people from the Philippines, he investigation it proved to be a Gospel THE following from the Boston Her
founded in 1915 the first Protestant campaign being carried on by the ald, of September 16th, brings word
Filipino church in this Territory, lo G. A. (Gospel Army). The pavements of the decision of Dr. and Mrs. Dore-
cated on the Ewa Plantation. This or had been used as a blackboard on mus Scudder to go to California, leav
ganization was blessed with growth which to write verses of Scripture, and ing the secretaryship of the Greater
and strength, due largely to the untir- no less than seven different speakers. Boston Federation of Churches which
October. 1922. THE FRIEND 227

Dr. Scudder has held since leaving Ha

waii in 1920. Trie Case of frie Japanese Girl
Dr. Doremus Scudder, executive sec
retary for the Greater Boston Federa JAPANESE GIRLS bom in the Isl- the mother and are aliens to them.
tion of Churches, has resigned and is lands should be the object of our "These girls are intelligent, cheerful,
preparing to go with his family to deep concern and profound sympathy." obedient and faithful, lacking for the
southern California. Dr. Harada, of the University of Ha most part in the thrift of their par
The move was taken after consulta waii made this statement before a group ents, as well as in the independence, or
tion with his physician, who recom of Y.W.C.A. leaders at their fall con iginality and initiative of American
mends a long season of quiet and meiv ference. girls. Their chief difficulties are how
tal rest. Although Dr. Scudder has "The position of these girls is to accomodate themselves to the two-
made remarkable recovery from ex unique," he said, "in that they are sided life they must live, how to be
terior wounds and bruises caused by an American citizens while their parents successful wage earners and home keep
automobile accident which nearly rob are Japanese citizens. ers, self respecting citizens and Chris
bed him of life at Williamstown, Aug. "The older group is largely unedu tian citizens.
2, his nervous system remains in a cated. In most cases they went direct "The future of Hawaii depend upon
somewhat shattered condition, making ly from Japan to the plantations where them !"
it inadvisable for him to continue at they reside and have had no contact This statement by a wide-visioned
work which is a continual strain on with American life. They are not in man of Japanese birth is history-mak
mind and body. sympathy with American ideals be ing in its significance. It strikes at the
cause they know nothing of them, and root of the matter and thoughtful
Board Shocked
the effect of the new country upon their Americans will see in the case thus
The executive board of the federa children has an unfavorable reaction clearly stated opportunities for intelli
tion, which met Tuesday, was greatly upon them. They consider them bold, gent service.
shocked to receive Dr. Scudder's resig lacking in parental respect and alto The quandary of young men fighting
nation as it had believed him on the gether unstable. the spectre of dual citizenship is often
rapid road to full recovery. The com "The girls, therefore, grow up under commented upon. In expressing sym
munication was put in such a positive most unfavorable circumstances. They pathy for these young men we often
form, backed by the physician's advice, are under direct criticism from the old forget the girls whose position is iden
that the resignation was accepted with people because they are too 'new'—not tical.
great regret. like Japanese. By others they are The challenge is alike to the Y.W.
The vacancy left by Dr. Scudder as thought not 'new' enough—not like C.A. and all Christian institutions. To
executive secretary of the Greater Bos Americans. sympathize is not enough. To open
ton Federation will be filled as soon as "In many ways they are like young our hearts, our Christian homes, to
the right person is found. In the mean ducks hatched in a hen's nest. They help bridge the gap, is the motive
time the publicity secretary will act in are wholly unlike either the father or power behind success. E. V. W.
that capacity, assisted by Mrs. Grace
P. Reed, Dr. Scudder's able secretary.
A farewell banquet to Dr. Scudder is
being arranged by the directors with Oahu Association Meets
the Rev. Frank Kingdom as chairman AN INSTITUTION in our very tion to the "Aha" to meet at Kahuku
of the arrangements committee. midst that does not make much next Spring. The vote resulted in a
Dr. Scudder's work as head of the noise, but which is nevertheless a tie, the Moderator declaring that he
Greater Boston federation for the last powerful factor in the upbuilding of would decide in favor of Kahuku.
two years scarcely needs rehearsing, the Kingdom of God is the Island In spite of the quietness and lack of
for the public and the church people, Association. On Oahu there are twen noise, much thoughtful discussion of
not only in Boston, but throughout the ty-four churches composing the Asso current problems and thorough presen
country know of its value, and of its ciation, half being in Honolulu, the tation of inspirational themes marked
far reaching influence. rest in the country. The semi-annual the passing of the two days of meet
The phrase which his close friends meeting held in Kawaiahao Church on ings. The Moderator, Rev. Henry K.
believe characterizes him best is, "A Wednesday and Thursday, October 4 Poepoe, gave the first message at the
great federationist." Always and every and 5 was not marked by much pub opening of the Association. Then came
where he has worked for unity and licity, nor was there anything of a sen the transaction of routine business and
common brotherhood with racial and sational order throughout the delibera the consideration of the following sub
creedal differences minimized. His tions. The greatest excitement of all jects: The three boards (Hawaiian.
large heart would leave none out, and was caused by the balloting for the American and A.M. A.) ; the evangelis
his most painful moments have come place of the next meeting. Kawaiahao tic campaign this fall under the direc
when he felt that some helpless nation, Church had presented an invitation to tion of Mr. Fred Butler and the simul
or some unfortunate individual, suf the Association to return to its shelter taneous campaign next Spring; the re
fered unjustly because of arrogant and for the Spring meeting of 1923. The lationship of the young people to the
powerful, enemies. Hauula-Kahuku Church through its church. The last hour of the morning
(Concluded on page 232) delegate also gave a cordial invita was devoted to the discussion of the
228 THE FRIEND October, 1922

subject, "The Life of the Christian,"

the first sub-topic on "The Christian
in the Home" being treated by Rev.
W. K. Poai of the Kalihi-Moanalua
Church and the second sub-topic on
"The Christian in the Church" by Rev.
Akaiko Akana, pastor of Kawaiahao.
The afternoon was devoted to the
business of the Sunday School and
Christian Endeavor Associations. In
the evening an address on "Strength
ening the Churches" was delivered by
Rev. H. P. Judd.
The second day's session began with
a sunrise prayer-meeting that lasted
until 8 o'clock. Then came the As
sociation prayer-meet ing led by Mr.
John Kauwalu of Waialua. The dock
et of business for the day included the
adoption of the committee reports,
concerning petitions for the location
of supplies in the pastorless churches
and the licensing of preachers, also a
resolution of respect for the memory of
the late Rev. Simon R. YgLoria. the
pioneer Filipino minister on this island.
The Christian Workers Institute and
Honolulu Theological Seminary was
represented by most of its faculty and
all of the student body who were in
troduced by Rev. L. G. Davis after an
explanatory address on the work of
the Institute.
The second group of inspirational
addresses was given by Rev. E. T
Sherman, pastor of the Bishop Mem
orial Church on the theme, "The Chris
tian in Business" and by Rev. James
Akimo of Kahuku on the theme, "The Celebrating their fiftieth wedding an carried literally hundreds of gifts of
Christian in the Community." These ad niversary at Hale Nat, Lihue, Kauai, fruit and flowers, and wireless, and cable
dresses on "The Life of the Christian" Mr. and Mrs. William Hyde Rice were messages further attested to the love
provoked much interest and proved un at home to their friends on October 17. and esteem in which Mr. and Mrs. Rice
usually helpful. The occasion was a very happy and are everywhere held. To the Hawai-
It was voted to send a message of picturesque one, over two thousand ians, especially, the occasion was a
congratulation to Rev. O. H. Gulick guests calling to offer congratulations memorable one in a lifetime. Relatives
on Saturday, October 7, that being his and partaking in the immense l.uau and friends from various parts of the
birthday anniversary. Mr. Gulick spoke which they, as kaamainas know so well Territory went to Lihue to participate
briefly of the days of his childhood how to prepare. Inter-Island steamers in the happy occasion.
when he well remembered playing about
the new Kawaiahao church building
which was completed in 1842. After
a friendly contest between Kawaiahao Religious Cooperation for Community
and Kahuku, it was decided to hold
the next gathering of the Association
at Kahuku in April, 1923. The spirit
Welfare
of all the meetings was most harmoni By George H. De Kay
ous, and the tone of the addresses and WHAT seems to . me to be a move I was invited to be the guest and
discussions was marked by the strong ment deserving of special mention, speaker at a banquet in Waimea where
spiritual atmosphere that should al and of imitation elsewhere on the isl representative leaders of different re
ways surround all conferences of a re ands, came to my attention during a re ligious beliefs came together to con
ligious nature. cent trip to Kauai in the interests of sider lines of common welfare work
H. P. JUDD the Anti-Saloon League work. wherein they might mutually engage.
October, 1922. THE FRIEND 229

Of course this is nothing new among in helping to foster a spirit of respect Song and Story" are said to be highly
different Protestant bodies, nor among for and obedience to the prohibition inspirational.
Protestants, Catholics and Jews. But I law. This was prepared by Rev. Takie The itinerary planned in advance of the
believe it is among Christians and Bud Okumura at our request. In one of coming of Mr. and Mrs. Butler provides
dhists. these meetings twelve "lunas" came in for three weeks on Kauai, three weeks
It began with a "get-together" meet from the plantation to listen and go on Oahu, two weeks on Maui and one
ing last spring under the lead of Revs. back as messengers of the appeal to the week on Hawaii.
R. W. Bayless and R. G. Hall, and it laborers. The New York Tribune of September
seems likely to be a permanent arrange Two similar meetings were held with 18, 1921, in a half-page description of
ment. Filipinos under direction of Mr. Corte- Mr. Butler's work as chaplain of the
There were present nine Buddhist zan, Hawaiian Board agent at Lihue, Hudson River Day Line, says :
priests, one Shinto priest, four Japanese and at these there was intense interest "Mr. Butler is not a minister, but a
Christian ministers, two newspaper men. on the part of the hundred and fifty professional singer. For two years he
one woman (wife of one of the priests) young men who listened while I urged was with the Alice Neilson Opera Com
and three haole (white) ministers. them to seek for a knowledge of the pany as understudy for Eugene Cowles,
I presented them the reasons why best things in American ideals to carry whom he succeeded as bass soloist
America had adopted the prohibition home to their own land later. when Cowles joined another company.
law, some of the difficulties of its en Facing more than three hundred and Then Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman heard
forcement among so many people of fifty alert young students in the high him sing in a church and invited him
different races, gave them an outline of schools, most of whom are Hawaiian to join in his evangelistic campaign
the Anti-Saloon League activities, and born of alien parentage; and again be throughout the country. During the
asked them to cooperate in the work of fore a group of nearly a hundred Ha four years he spent with Dr. Chapman,
educating the people to the benefits of waiian born young Japanese at Lihue the idea grew in Mr. Butler's mind that
prohibition, and in a campaign for bet Memorial Parish house in a social gath however important church services are,
ter enforcement of the law. ering, I was deeply impressed with the yet it is equally important to carry re
There was a response to this appeal wonderful opportunity which our Ha ligious truths and comfort to people
which I think bespeaks good results waiian Board representatives have for who do not attend churches. And now
among the Japanese people. Several constructive Christian work among for a long time he is doing both—not
of the Buddhist priests spoke briefly them. And they are splendidly meet only in various parts of the United
and promised their hearty cooperation ing that opportunity. The seed of truth States, but in Hawaii, the Fiji Islands,
and the wife of the priest (referred to which the Anti-Saloon League man Australia, Tasmania, the Philippines,
above) brought the evidence of their sought to sow among them concerning Japan, China, and Ceylon. At present
own church's sincerity in an offering the facts of the benefits of prohibition he attends on Sunday to his duties as
of $18. I had spoken to the church of and the appeals for a citizenship which senior chaplain of the Hudson River
which this man is priest a few days be shall show it's real worth in obedience Day Line. During the week he con
fore and asked their help, with the to the law, surely fell upon good ground ducts corresponding hours of song in
above result. among them. Those young people are and around New York, wherever the
The spirit of the meeting was one of going to make themselves felt in the ministers of the churches call him."
real brotherhood and sincere coopera life of the territory very soon. They
tion, and promises much better com- are doing that now.
murity results it seems to me than the Prayer
spirit of suspicion and antagonism By Dr. A. C. Dixon
which characterizes some of the work OUR Lord uses four words in the
Greek which are translated by the
in other places where these two great
religious bodies met each other. I am
Fred Butler Coming English word "to pray," and a study
certain the results among the young MR. FRED BUTLER is coming to of these will reveal the impulse that
Hawaii for an evangelistic cam prompts the asking. One word has in
people for Christianity will be better
paign under the auspices of the Hawai it the thought of inquiry. We go to
than any denunciation or ridicule of the
ian Board early in November. This God in prayer to ask questions and
"faith of (their) fathers."
will, be welcome news to those who learn of Him what we ought to do.
In this connection it may be of in
heard Mr. Butler when he was here in Another word has in it the sense of
terest that in a campaign of education
need. It is the word used in describing
covering twelve days I spoke in every 1912. Others who have not heard him
the prayer meeting after Pentecost:
school on Kauai to more than 2400 will be interested in him as a person
"When they had prayed, the place was
pupils, to more than 500 in Sunday- ality in religious campaigns of the
shaken where they were assembled"
schools, and in all to more than 3500 mainland, and in Dr. J. Wilbur Chap
(Acts 4:31). There was a deep sense
people in forty meetings of various man's statement that he is "the world's of need which appealed to God, and
kinds. Several meetings were with greatest interpreter of religious music." moved "the arm that moves the world."
Japanese people only, at which I dis Mr. Butler was formerly an opera Another word has in it the thought
tributed leaflets, printed in Japanese, singer, but of late years has devoted of calling to one's aid, and was used by
telling something of the evil effects of himself entirely to religious service. Christ when He said, "Thinkest thou
alcohol on the human system, and call Mrs. Butler, an able accompanist, is his that I cannot now pray to my Father,
ing for the cooperation of all Japanese assistant, and their programs of "Sacred and He will presently give me more
230 THE FRIEND October, 1922

than twelve legions of angels?" (Matt.

26:53). This implies that God in
answering prayer comes to the aid of
H awanan Idols
By Rev. H. V. White
His people.
The remaining word has in it the AVISIT to the Bishop Museum is al by the common man. The way of the
thought of thanksgiving and praise. ways rewarding. Nothing serves Lord is so plain that the wayfaring
This is the word most frequently used so well to make real the old days of man, though a fool, need hot err there
by Christ. "Watch and pray that ye Hawaii as the sight of grass houses, in. The idol will not make it plainer,
enter not into temptation" (Matt. 26:41), fibre fish nets, dogtooth necklaces, poi but will certainly be a stumbling block
as if a grateful, praiseful spirit in our boards, and the figures of tapa-maker, to the man who uses it. Religion is
petitions makes a sort of double shield poi-pounder and priest at their various not philosophy, although the educated
of safety. tasks. All these and many other ex man may construct a philosophy of re
All of these words have in them the hibits help us to visualize the Hawaii ligion, and if Buddhism is a philosophy,
primary thought of asking that we may of pre-haole times. Most of the things it cannot be a religion. The resort to
receive, whether the asking be prompt displayed, from bone fish-hooks to idolatry is natural and inevitable. Re
ed by a spirit of inquiry, a sense of feather capes, are now mere relics of a ligion must be comprehensible to the
need, a desire for help, or a spirit of civilization that is past and gone. These common man. The religion therefore
praise, and we rejoice that God never obsolete implements and articles, once that bears the name of Buddhism is
wearies with our petitions. He de so vital to the life of the Hawaiian, idolatry.
lights to "give good things to them that like all relics, have an air of antiquity The eradication of idolatry, then, de
ask Him" (Matt. 7:11). and detachment from life. Of nothing volves upon Christianity. Christianity
We need more than gifts from God. is this more true than it is of the arose among the common people and
Our greatest need many times is that idols. Grotesque figures they are, still flourishes among them. It pre
He shall act for us rather than give to rough-hewn from stone or crudely cut sents God, the way of salvation, the
us, and it is comforting to learn that and burned in wood. How ancient and destiny of the soul, in human terms. Its
God works in answer to prayer. "Ask far-away they seem ! What childish righteousness is the practice of simple
and it shall be given unto you," is not ignorance and superstition they repre human virtues. Its Christ is the most
plainer than the other promise, "What sent ! They have no place in the world human of men. Its goal is a fellow
soever ye shall ask that will I do." of today. Education, enlightenment, a ship of persons, living in love and
God's doings may be more precious higher conception of God have made mutual good will. The spiritual life is
than His gifts. In this connection idolatry impossible. not so rarified by subtle abstractions of
Jesus tells us how difficulties great as So we feel, and it comes as a shock thought as to be incomprehensible but
mountains may be removed. The man to be told that idolatry flourishes today is clothed with flesh and is warm with
who prays can. face the difficulties and in Hawaii. Such is the assertion of the heartbeat of human love and striv
by the power of prayer remove them. Bishop Hiraiwa. The religion of the ing for nobler things.
He can "say to this mountain" ; but he common Buddhist, he says, is idolatry, There has been much idolatry in
must first learn to speak to God in plain and simple. The bishop makes a Christianity, but it has never been
prayer, if he would speak to the moun distinction between the real Buddhism, necessary as a means of making re
tain in power. There is no ignoring which is free from idolatry and the ligion vital for the common people.
difficulties as if they were insignificant. Buddhism of the common people. The When it has been fostered by the priest-
But while we recognize the mountain priests, themselves, have no regard for it has been because the theological and
as high and heavy, we believe in a idols, but, because the common people metaphysical systems of the Church
God with power great enough to cast cannot understand the spiritual teach were beyond the grasp of the common
it into the sea. Tennyson is right when ings of Buddhism, they permit and en mind, and like the Buddhist priests, the
he sings : courage their use. Church has substituted idols for the
"More things are wrought by prayer The whole question of Buddhism and knowledge of those systems. But such
Than this world dreams of. Where intellectual constructions are not Chris
Christianity in Hawaii is raised by
fore let thy voice this issue of idolatry. Bishop Hiraiwa tianity. The religion is purer, more
Rise like a fountain for me night believes that a concerted attack ought powerful, when freed from them. Any
and day. to be made upon idolatry. It will, not one can read and understand the gospel
For what are men better than sheep be an attack upon the real Buddhism. story and it provides a way of salva
or goats, Why, then, cannot idolatry be removed tion for philosopher and common man
That nourish a blind life within the by an inner reform of Buddhism itself? alike.
brain, The reason seems to be, by confession Here in Hawaii Buddhism's extremity
If, knowing God. they lift not hands of the Buddhist priests themselves, that is Christianity's opportunity. But to
of prayer pure Buddhism is too refined and philo take full advantage of that opportunity.
Both for themselves, and those who sophical to be the religion of the com Christianity itself must be free, both
call them friends? mon people. Now if this is true, it is from idolatry and lack of faith in the
For so the whole round world is a serious indictment of Buddhism as a uneducated Japanese. First we must
every way religion. It reveals a fatal weakness. be free from the pride of race that
Bound by gold chains about the feet For the great realities of the spiritual makes an idol of the white skin. We
of God." life are simple and can be understood must cease worshipping at the shrine
October, 1922. THE FRIEND 231

of a social system that makes the ori the bow of this canoe, spread over the
ental the servant of the haole. We end of the platform, two very large
must cast out the golden calf, the love feather cloaks are spread. On the
of money that injects bitterness into platform of the other canoe are three
human relations when men become com idols partly covered with white tapa
petitors in the field of economics. From this sketch one obtains an idea
The challenge to Christianity is also of the gorgeousness of the spectacle—
going to be a searching test of its something that is entirely hidden in
power. If Christianity succeeds in cast the engraving that has been made from
ing down the idols of a Japanese popu the sketch—for the artist has employed
lation and teaching them to know God color, and even the naked backs of the
through Christ, it must preserve in the paddlers appear to glisten in the sun
hearts of American Christians a faith in light, which brings out the browns and
the capacity of the Japanese to become greens in the hills that form the back
good Christians. Intimations that the ground.
character of the Japanese makes him The largest drawing depicts a box
incapable of being a genuine Christian, ing match, two groups of contestants,
coming from an American Christian two to a group, being shown. This
are not only false to the facts, unfair was apparently one form of enter
to the Japanese, but they also repudiate tainment provided for Captain Cook
the Christian religion itself. and his officers, as several spectators
Another test, and one in which many are shown seated on the left of the pic
are failing already, is whether Chris ture. The contestants are boxing be
tians, in the face of economic competi Mr. K. H. Lau, of Canton, China, has fore a semicircle of natives, seated
come to the Nuuanu Y.M.C.A. for training
tion and industrial strain, can keep free as a secretary of the Young Men's Christian and standing. One of the four boxers
from race hatred and bitterness. This Association. Mr. Lau was a student at wears a "mahiole" or feather helmet,
test is likely to become more severe Canton Christian College and has just fin
ished his work at Peking National Uni
showing him to be a chief.
during a period of depression. Can we versity. He succeeds Mr. K. F. Lum, who, One of the reasons why the museum
still cultivate Christian friendship when after three years of work in Honolulu, has has acquired the drawings is the fact
become student secretary of the Shanghai
the road gets rough and jolty or shall Y.M.C.A. Mr. Lau speaks English, in addi that they show many interesting ethno
we give way to impatience and irrita tion to Mandarin, Cantonese and several logical facts that are not apparent in
tion and forget our Christian oppor other Chinese dialects.
the engravings that have been made
L. P. K.
tunity in fighting for our own interests ? from them. In the sketch showing the
That is the real test of Christianity in boxing match are shown two tall poles
Hawaii. To enter the open door of Drawings by Cook's Artists and a cross bar from which hang long
opportunity, we must do more than ARRIVING from London where they strips of white tapa, and between
prove the superiority of Christianity to were purchased by the Bishop which hang large birds, either the
Buddhism by argument; we must cast Museum, eight original drawings in Hawaiian goose or ducks.
out our own idols and demonstrate the color made by John Webber, artist with Another sketch shows three men do
power of the Christian faith to survive Captain Cook in his third expedition ing the hula dance, using rattles fash
in the face of strong and subtle tempta to the Hawaiian Islands, are on exhi ioned from gourds. This is a striking
tion. bition at the Museum. The drawings example of an unfinished pencil sketch.
were made while Captain Cook's ves Only one of the figures, the central one,
sels were anchored off the coast of has been reproduced in an engraving.
We Like Our Own Kealakekua during the early months In the background the artist had placed
A citizen of Hawaii, passing thru of 1779. a few lines indicating that, upon the
many of the cities on the mainland, Captain Cook was killed on Febru completion of the sketch, a large crowd
can. not help wondering why mainland- ary 14, 1779 and it is believed that the of natives would be seen watching the
ers are so worried about our racial di drawings were made just prior to his dancers.
versities in the islands. One is re death. Five of the drawings have been re
minded of the man with a beam in his One of the reasons for the fixing produced in the atlas of the folio edi
eye anxious to help out his poor broth of this date is that one sketch shows tion of Cook's third voyage. These in
er w-ho has a mote in his. Perhaps he the natives making an offering or pre clude the Hawaiian girl, the hula dancer,
gets accustomed to his own environ senting gifts to Captain Cook. An a sketch showing massed paddlers,
ment, and we to ours,—man has a way other drawing shows King Kamehame- the Kamehameha fleet of double ca
of doing that,—but, to tell the truth, ha's fleet of double canoes going out noes, and the offering to Captain Cook.
after seeing his perplexity, we like to meet Captain Cook's vessels in Kea The boxing match has never been re
our own better, and come back to our lakekua bay. Two large double ca produced, although recently photo
aspiring young citizens with higher ap noes are shown. On the platform of gravures have been sold by Francis
preciation than ever of their fine qual one of them are eight men, each wear Edwards, London bookseller.
ities of character, and their promise ing a helmet and feather cloak, or The sketch of the massed paddlers
of good citizenship.—F. S. S. ahuula, showing them to be chiefs. On may have been made while Cook's
232 THE FRIEND October, 1922.

ships were anchored off the coast of working class—very migratory in their sions in the island of Hawaii. He is
Niihau, where the navigator went first. movements—serving in hotels, restau one of the few churchmen who hold
The sketch of the Hawaiian girl shows rants and such occupations chiefly both titles of M.D. and D.D.
the head and neck and a trace of the Only between 100 and 150 are women Because of his long association
shoulders only. She wears a feather and children. More than 300 Japanese with the far eastern people he has be
lei about the neck, and two others in travellers a month pass through, in and come a leading authority on Japa
her hair. The tattoo marks on the out of New York. All of these people nese and Chinese questions. Should
bust sketch of the Hawaiian man are see America only on the outside. Few, health return to him in California, as
exact counterparts of some of the if any, make personal acquaintance with he confidently believes it will, he hopes
tapa designs in the museum collection. the better type of Americans, and enter to devote the remainder of his life in
into the Christian home. Some of these helping to solve some of the knotty
HOME MISSIONS THROUGH business men and students and travel problems of the Orient. His deep sym
HOMES lers, are the ablest men of all Japan pathies supplemented by a profound
are helping to shape its policy now, and knowledge of the Japanese and Chinese
A conference held recently in the of are to be its leaders in the future. character are undoubtedly reasons why
fice of the Home Missions Council What can the Christian Church do to Dr. Scudder's opinion is continually
made plain the importance of the Amer help these men to understand the real sought on eastern matters.
ican Christian home as an agency in value of the Christian religion, in
evangelizing the world. "America should give no encourage
American civilization? One answer can ment to the militarists, and every pos
Most people think of foreign mis be given, which is often overlooked. It sible help to the ideals and aspirations
sionaries as carryng the Gospel abroad is the answer of personal contacts and of the liberal leaders. While Japan
into foreign lands, and over-look the friendships between the Japanese and aimed to conquer China by force there
fact that their own homes right here in Christian men and women of America : was engendered a spirit of hate and of
America have in some respects just as and acquaintance on the part of these conflict between those two great na
important a mission to perform in Japanese business men and students tions. But now that Japan is trying to
bringing the whole world to Christ as with Christian homes. win China with genuine brotherliness
have any foreign missionaries who go The Home Missions Council, through and is hoping to help to develop her
into distant countries. its Committee on Orientals and Hawai- resources with unselfishness, a day will
The Conference referred to had ians is asking the denominations of the emerge in the far east which will cast
brought to its attention the investiga country to suggest to their missionary- its glory around a troubled world. I
tions, which alert and eager Japanese minded churches, in cities where there believe Senator Lodge did a great ser
made a few years ago, of American are Japanese individuals, to cultivate vice in opposing the League of Nations
civilization and of the things which through personal relations and familiar and treaty of Versailles which stood for
Japanese ought to copy from America contacts, the Japanese strangers in their such a provision as the Shangtung
They found many inventions, many in midst ; and to make this cultivation of articles. He did the greatest possible
dustrial methods which they were glad friends a distinct policy of the church. service both to the Japanese and to the
to introduce into their own country. Chinese, and the Washington confer
The schools of America seemed to them ence proved the wisdom of his attitude."
models, worthy of imitation. But they Dr. Scudder to California Dr. Scudder places confidence in the
decided that the Christianity of Amer (Continued from page 227) reports that in California a far more
ica, which permitted murder and lynch
For 22 years Dr. Scudder was en sane and tolerant attitude toward the
ing and all the scandals and evils about
gaged in the far east, first as medical Japanese is beginning to prevail, than
which they read in the newspapers, was
missionary in Japan, and later as min was possible in the past when questions
not the religion for them ; and they
ister, and as superintendent of all mis of controversy were more acute.
went back with a recommendation ad
verse to the introduction or the favor
ing of Christianity in any official way KEEPS LIQUIDS HOT OR COLD
by the Government.
Those investigators had not seen No recreation out-of-doors can be fully enjoyed unless
there be always at hand a good supply of fresh, pure
America at its best ; and had not dis liquids for drinking. The Pride of the Farm Thermo Jug
covered the deep, underlying Christian will keep liquids hot or cold for many hours. It is inex
pensive, handy, and easy to carry in your automobile or
influence which flows through and from otherwise. The construction of this jug is most sturdy; it
the churches ; and they had not made is made of heavy steel, coated with a special finish of
battleship gray enamel and attractively striped in red. The
the acquaintance of the Christian home, inside container is of heavy glass, with an extra thick
layer of mineral wool packed between it and the outside
in its purity and sanctity. housing, forming the best insulation yet discovered for use
In New York City alone there are in thermo jugs.
between three and four thousand Jap ONE GALLON SIZE $4.75; TWO GALLON, $8.50
anese, nearly all of them returning to
their own country within the space of
four or five years. Between 500 and WWDimoi\d&(pLTD
II "THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES" V/
700 are engaged in business ; about 300 63-65 KING STREET, HONOLULU
are students ; about 2,000 belong to the
October. 1922. THE FRIEND

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London Guarantee and Accident Co., Ltd.

Theo. H. Davies & Co.,Ltd

Honolulu and Hilo
New York and San Francisco
234 THE FRIEND October, 1922

Extracts from the Journal of At 5 o'clock this afternoon I was many wept. Tomorrow we leave here
formally united in marriage to Miss forever.
Amos Starr Cooke Juliette Montague. The transaction Wednesday, Nov. 30th.
(Continued from July) though solemn was cheerfully entered After spending two days in New York
Lord's Day, Nov. 20th into. "What has been done upon earth making our purchases, calling on friends,
Attended church this morning. Took do thou ratify in Heaven." Mr. Rood and being entertained by Mrs. Booth
dinner and supper with Miss Montague's performed the services and immediately and others we said farewell.
mother. Met several of her friends this after we sat down to supper. All the We left N. Y. at 4 p. m., for Provi
evening, also a Mr. Mossman and wife, family with a few friends sat down to dence in the Rhode Island steamer,
he is a nephew of Mrs. Thurston now gether. reaching there at 7 a. m., and Boston
on the Islands. Tomorrow morning Friday, Nov. 15th. by rail at 10 a. m.
propose to start for home with Juliette This has been a busy day. Many The Board had obtained board for us
without being married, as I expected friends called and some gave us gifts at Mr. Colburn's, No. 8 Howard Street.
when I left home. The Lord go with us. in books, bedding and money for the Juliette and myself were furnished with
Danbury, Nov. 24th, 36 library, etc. a room in the garret. We soon made it
Thanksgiving Day Saturday was very busy making and comfortable with a fire.
On Monday, 9 a. m., we started for receiving calls. Shipped all our things Thursday, Dec. 1st
Danbury in the rain, with the horse to Newark, to go to Boston. About 4 p. m. Thursday, all the
and chaise. Called on many friends en- missionaries were taken in two omni
Lord's Day, Nov. 27th. buses out to Roxbury, about five miles,
route, receiving testimonials of their
attachments to her and to the cause. Spent the day in attending all the and took supper at Mr. Anderson's.
Reached Deacon Mossman's at Cabbot- church services, Sunday school and There were 14 couples and two single
ville about 4 p. m., spent an hour and prayer meetings. In the evening there females. Mr. Castle was absent, sick.
took supper. Drove on in the evening was a meeting called a farewell mission Mr. Chapin was present, he had been
20 miles to Deacon Wild's of Windsor ary meeting. It was well attended and at the S. I.
and found them all in bed. Mrs. Rug-
gles received us kindly, but was much
disappointed that we were not married.
Next morning we left at 9, and reached We Are All Working Men and Women
Hartford about noon. I shipped a box,
chest and a bundle to Boston. We left Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
Hartford at 3 p. m., and spent the yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
night at Meridan. Left next morning labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
at 5 a. m., and rode 17 miles to New finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
special need.
Haven by 9 a. m.
We will welcome your account.
Reached home half an hour after mid
night. Arose this morning with but
little strength and did not go to church THE BANKOF HAWAII. LTD.
this Thanksgiving Day. BRANCHES
We were published this morning.
Juliette has appeared very cheerful to LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
day and now in about an hour her COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
name will be changed.

MOANA HOTEL

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The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
1 THE FRIEND
In this Issue

Turkish Trouble Due to Versailles

Delaj)
By Captain Ernest A. Yarrow

Creatine Personality
By Albert W. Palmer

An Oregon Personality Linked

With Hawaii
Hawaii's Nextf Responsibility

Next Month
A Maui Number replete wim valuable his
tory ana facts concerning present-day
religious, social ana educational
work

HONOLULU NOVEMBER, 1922 HAWAII

242 THE FRIEND November, 1922

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, NOVEMBER, 1922. No. 11.

Turkish Trouble Due to Versailles Delay

By Captain Ernest A. Yarrow
CAPTAIN YARROW is a brother of ing agreements at the peace conference,
Miss Florence Yarrow and too well Rights of Minorities and those who caused these delays
known in Honolulu to need introduc These minorities claim that since it must assume a large share of responsi
tion. is impossible for the Turks to allow bility for the present trouble. Turkey
at that time was docile and subdued and
He was for twelve years an educator them to live within the Turkish em willing to accept any settlement and
and business manager in Turkey, and pire on terms of equality, that they promise to be good, but as months and
for six years was in war relief work in should be given definite districts out years passed without any decision as to
the Russian Caucasus and Siberia. He side of Turkish influence where they her status and as she saw a growing
was assistant chief of staff in Colonel can shift for themselves. They claim spirit of jealousy and distrust develop
Haskell's Mission to Armenia ; was di that the land is as much theirs as it is
the Turk's, since they were there on the ing among the allies, she was encourag
rector-general of the Near East Relief ed to unite and once more take advant
Caucasus Branch ; special agent of the land centuries before the Turks appear
age of European unrest and seek to re
ed in the West, and that the only su
American Red Cross in the Caucasus ; gain at least some of her lost territory
perior claim that the Turk has is that
member of the Near East Commission and prestige.
he is the conqueror, but he would have
to investigate famine conditions in Rus In this effort she was greatly aided
sia. He was decorated by Russian, Per fallen from his proud position long
since had he not been bolstered up by by the question of the balance of power
sian and Armenian governments. the jealousies of European nations. among the small Balkan States. Great
The following interview from him in Smyrna was taken over from the Britain picked Greece for the leader in
a Newark, N. J., paper is the last word allies by Greece largely on this basis, the Near East and gave her all the
in Near East comment from one who as there was a predominant Greek popu backing which was possible in face of
knows the situation intimately : home objections. In order to offset
lation in the Smyrna district who never
Gre^at Britain's bid for Near East pres
The capture by the Turks of Smyrna, hoped for "life, liberty and the pursuit tige, and more important, in order to
one of the most important of the East of happiness" under the Turks. gain concessions and economic advan
ern Mediterranean seaports, has brought The question of Turkish massacres tages France and Italy backed Turkey.
about a situation which is probably the and outrages can be dismissed with a
most alarming that the world has had word. If there is any individual who Blow to England
to face since 1914. The possibilities of denies them or minimizes their extent The downfall of the Greeks is prob
the unsettling of the world's political he is either passing on false informa ably the greatest blow that Great Brit
equilibrium are much greater than even tion, or else he is selling his soul to ain's diplomacy has suffered in the past
the breakdown of the monarchial re untruthfulness for some base motive. hundred years, and whether apparent
gime in Russia presented. There is no doubt but that both Greeks or not at the present, this has caused
The fall of Smyrna in itself is not so and Armenians have committed isolated very keen anger and resentment on the
important, although this event may be outrages on various occasions in re part of Great Britain toward France
considered in the light of a world ca taliation for the terrible calamities and Italy. This resentment will cer
which had fallen on members of their tainly have its influence on future
lamity, but the real question at issue is :
immediate families, but it cannot be European history.
What will the Turks do next? proven in one individual case but that
The whole world, shocked and out these were acts of crazed individuals, Whatever Britain's ulterior motive
raged at the massacres perpetrated by and were stopped promptly by the au may be, she certainly desires to confine
the Turks, has clamored for years for thorities in power. the Turks to Asia, which is also the
desire of a very large portion of the
a guarantee of security to the non-Mos On the other hand there are few if human race. And France, which not
lem minorities in the Turkish empire. any massacres perpetrated by the Turks long since was appealing to the world
The Turks have proved during the past by individuals or mobs out of hand. for assistance in the protection of her
two years that this ideal is absolutely They are all either personally directed very life itself, stands in the very un
impossible of realization, and therefore by those in high command or are ap enviable position of having aided and
these minorities have been beseeching proved in advance by the constituted abetted the Turks in a campaign which
and demanding portions of territory to authorities. has been the cause of the violent death
be set apart for them where they can Blames Peace Conference of tens of thousands of innocent women
be free from Turkish misrule and op The whole present Turkish problem and children, and no one knows where
pression. is directly traced to the delays at reach or when the tempest will cease.
244 THE FRIEND November, 1922

from his position in General Central

Htie Cantonese and the Political Mix-up China against his chief rival Chang
Tso Lin. The latter was compelled tc
in China resign and Li Yuan Hung, who suc
ceeded Yuan Shu Kai as President, has
By William W. Cadbury
been reinstated.
(Concluded from September Number) educational association and the lawyers' Genuine efforts have been made to
At the opening of the present year association. win over Sun Yat Sen, but although
there were three dominant factions seek Finally there is an Audit Bureau with he offered his aid to Chang Tso Lin he
ing for first place in the affairs of a chief auditor appointed by the Gov has held out against Wu Pei Fu. In
China. ernor, empowered to audit all munici- ■ spite of this, his chief supporter, Gen
In the North was the bandit governor pal accounts. eral Chen, has shown a strong inclina
of Manchuria, Chang Tso Lin. It is When the new Governor entered Can tion to yield to the Peking forces un
well known that he was firmly allied ton, he found the city depleted of mo der certain conditions and so bring
with the Japanese militarists, and in ney by the former Governor Mok, and about a reunification of the country
view of his controlling influence over yet one of his first acts was to abolish On this question Sun and Chen have
President Hsu Shi Chang at Peking the the gambling monoply, one of the chief broken with one another, so that Presi
situation appeared the more ominous. sources of revenue to the Government. dent Sun was forced to flee from Can
In Central China, as governor of the As further evidence of the liberal ton. He is now seeking to return ant
Provinces of Hupeh and Hunan, was policy of Governor Chen, he has prom there are rumors of a reconciliation be
Wu Pei Fu. He is unique among the ised to give to the Agricultural De tween these two southern leaders.
military leaders of China, in that he is partment of the Canton Christian Col Much criticism has been made of
educated, a keen student of foreign af lege the sum of $100,000, silver cur Sun Vat Sen in this country and by
fairs and honest. rency, annually for 10 years, with the foreigners in China because of his ob
Finally there was the Southern Gov object of thereby helping to promote structionist tactics in the present crisis,
ernment, or Canton faction. The lead progress in the Agricultural develop it has been said that he has outgrown
ing spirit and most capable adminis ment of the Province. nis usefulness and is actuated solely by
trator here was General Chen Chiung The adjoining province of Kwangsi selfish ambition for personal advance
Ming, a native of the Province. With was added to the Southern Government ment. One must recall, however, the
him was Sun Yat Sen, the recently and four other provinces have indi occasion when he yielded the Presi
elevated President of the Southern cated their sympathy with the South dency to Yuan Shi Kai, he was com
Government and the first provincial ern leaders. Thus more than half the pletely deceived, and it was mere chance
President of the Republic, until he population of the Empire may be said which saved the Republic from losing
resigned in favor of Yuan Shi Kai. to be on the side of the Southerners every vestige of the democracy which
While Sun Yat Sen was aspiring to The other dominant personality of Sun had devoted his life to achieve
a national consolidation, Chen's ambi China is Sun Yat Sen. While his am The educated men of Canton and the
tion was more modest. As Nathaniel bitions are more outreaching than those Cantonese in this country still believe
Peffer said of him in "Asia": He is of General Chen, they worked together in Sun Yat Sen.
determined to let the national govern without open breach up until a few
ment take care of itself. He desires to It is to be hoped that through com
weeks ago.
make of Kwangtung one province that promise north and south may be once
It is President Sun's ambition that more united, for it appears that Wu Pei
would be administered decently and each of the provinces shall be organ
with some regard for the people's in Fu is at one with the Southern leaders
ized along the lines that Kwangtung is
terest—a model province. Already a in desiring to mould the government
now following, and when this is ac
municipal government has been set up along liberal constitutional and demo
complished there shall be a federation
in Canton, the first of its kind in cratic lines.
of these commonwealths under a com
China, and free rein is given to the mon head, along lines similar to those Such are the forces working within
American trained young men who are which led to the formation of the Unit China, but there are always the more
administering it. ed States. sinister influences from without.
There is the Municipal-Executive No more impressive scene could be Japan in the north and Great Britain
composed of the Mayor and the Com imagined than that which occurred at in the south have seemed only too
missioners of Finance, Public Safety the inauguration of Dr. Sun in Canton ready to continue the internal strife for
Education, Public Health, Public Works on Fifth Month 4, 1921. For many their own political ends.
and Public Utilities, all appointed by hours students, labor organizations and The United States, on the other hand
the Governor. the representatives of the various guilds is generally considered a true friend of
Then there is an Advisory Council filed past the President and his wife the Chinese. While there are many
composed of 30 members, 10 appointed expressing their admiration of the man incidents in our relations with China
by the Governor, 10 chosen by general of their own choice. of which we have no reason to be
election and of the other 10, 3 are Such was the situation in the early proud, yet the return of the Boxer
selected by the Chamber of Commerce, part of the present year, but during Idemnity and the generally sympathetic
3 by the labor organizations and one the past few months marked changes attitude of Americans toward China
each by the medical profession, the have occurred. Wu Pei Fu has moved have given us a place in the confidence
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 245

and affection of the Chinese people un As Wm. H. Seward declared as far Anti-Liquor League; Tarini P. Sinha,
equalled by any other nation. back as 1852: "The discovery of Hindoo temperance worker and friend
The situation has been to a large ex America and its development were bul of Pussyfoot Johnson; J. Niyogi, an
tent clarified by the Washington Con preliminary to the more sublime result other Hindoo worker; Wilson Stuart
ference, and China is left to work out now in the act of consummation,— M.A., B.S.C., London; Bishop James
her own internal salvation. If the the reunion of the two civilizations Cannon, Jr., Southern Methodist
other nations do not interfere, we look which, parting on the plains of Asia Church ; Wayne B. Wheeler, general
with hope at the experiment so success 4000 years ago and travelling ever after counsel Anti-Saloon League; Edwin C
fully inaugurated by the Cantonese. In in opposite directions around the world Dinwiddie, Grand Chief Templar of the
their government and their initiative now meet again on the coast and islands International Order Good Templars of
live the real hope for the future of of the Pacific Ocean." . . . "Who the United States and Dr. Ira Landrith
China. does not see that this movement must president Intercollegiate Association.
Many of the young leaders of mod effect our own complete emancipation In Philadelphia the Declaration of
ern China have received their education from what remains of European in Independence was adopted and the Lib
and their ideals from America. Il fluence and prejudice, and in turn de erty Bell rang out the freedom of a new
would appear then to be peculiarly the velop the American opinion and influ nation. It is essential that the W. C.
work of America to foster a closer ence which shall remould constitution T. U. convention meet in that city and
friendship and sympathy with the peo al laws and customs in the land that if celebrate the freedom of this nation
ple of this young sister Republic. first greeted by the rising sun" ! from the liquor traffic and to help
sound the keynote of battle as one of
the forces which will contend for world
Fn)e~Great—Contentions wide Prohibition.
BEGINNING November 11 and clos consideration at these two conventions Toronto, the convention city of the
ing November 29 there will be held World League Against Alcoholism is
will be that of world Prohibition.
five of the most important conventions the capital of the province of Ontario
It is certain that one might attend
ever assembled in the world. Three of and second only to Montreal, the com
all five of these gatherings and find in
them will be international and two will mercial metropolis of the entire Domin
all of them very many of the same peo
ion. It is a city of one-half million
be national. ple. The foreign delegates will expect
population—only a short distance from
The World W. C. T. U. convention to attend all the conventions.
Lake Erie's northeast shore—one-half
will meet at Philadelphia November 11- In addition to those whose names
day's ride from Niagara Falls. It is an
16. Immediately upon its close will be have been published heretofore as be
important railroad center with train
held also in Philadelphia November 16- ing on the speaking list for the World
service in all directions. It is reached
20 the National Convention of the W. League convention the following are
from any part of the United States or
C. T. U. All delegates and visitors announced by Doctor Ernest Cherring-
Dominion. It has plenty of good ho
who attend the W. C. T. U. gatherings ton, general secretary of the League:
tels which are reasonable in their rates
will go immediately to Toronto, On Rev. Gifford Gordon, Melbourne.
A list of hotels and rates can be ob
tario, where from November 24-29 in Australia, Financial Director Victorian
tained by writing to Rev. Ben. H
clusive there will be held the conven Spence. 24 Bloor Street East, Toronto,
tion of the World League Against Alco Ontario, or J. H. Larimore, Wester-
holism.
pHAULMOOGRA OIL ville, O.
During the same week at Toronto
an international students' Prohibition
^-' is doing something for It is highly important that churches,
the lepers, but it cannot do Sunday Schools, Young People's So
conference will be held by the Inter cieties and Temperance organizations in
collegiate Prohibition Association. It everything. There is still the United States name at once those
is expected that students will be pres the "Siloam" Church with who will represent them at the con
ent from thirty nations. The confer its band of faithful ones. vention.
ence which is called for consideration
of alcoholism and its relation to stu Our pastor Mr. Mahihila, Notification of such selection should
dents will be held in co-operation with once a missionary in Mi be sent without delay to Dr. Ernest H
the convention of the World League Cherrington, Westerville. O., general
cronesia, ministers to about secretary of the World League Against
Against Alcoholism. fifty-one members of that Alcoholism.
Also during the same week the con
vention of the Dominion Temperance
church.
Alliance which is the great Canadian Lets gladden their hearts Delayed by repairs on the President
organization for Prohibition will be with a box and message of Taft on which they were booked to sail
held at Toronto. from San Francisco, Fred Butler and
The conventions of the National W
cheer. Our experienced
Mrs. Butler will arrive in Hawaii
C. T. U. and the Dominion Alliance shoppers will tend to it, if November 25th. They will shorten
will of course be national, yet in com you will SEND CHECK to their stay on Oahu by one week, but
mon with the other three which are Treasurer Hawaiian Board will carry out the schedule previously
international, the great question for announced for other islands.
246 THE FRIEND November, 1922

fore his death, when he was taken to

An Oregon Personality Closely Linked an asylum. As I was a frequent visitor
at the Johnson home I often met Mr
With Hawaii Greeley.
By Fred Locklep in tke Oregon Daily Journal
A notable woman, patroness of a poten to take secondary honors. My brother, "My father was married three times.
tially great and lucrative industry in Ore By his first wife, whose maiden name
gon, relates reminiscences that include in Frank Montague, devoted his at
cidents of Washington life In the Civil war tention to my father's invention, the was Harriet Blodgett, he had two chil
days. Members of her family also had a Acme card cutter, and made more than dren. By his second wife he had three
part in history-making in Hawaii. A suc children and by his third wife three.
ceeding installment will conclude the nar half a million from it, and retired.
rative. Three of Frank's sons served in France I was born at Pittsfield, Mass., my
during the World War. Richard, who mother dying when I was a baby. I
ONE cannot think of the flax indus was a junior at Yale, became an avia was taken to the home of my father's
try of Oregon without thinking of sister, Mrs. Stockbridge of Baltimore.
tor and served with Eddie Rickenback-
Mrs. W. P. Lord, for no one has done Her husband, Judge Henry Stock-
er. Richard became an ace, having
more than she to promote the raising brought down seven German planes. bridge, was at the head of the Civillian
of flax and the making of linen in Ore league of Baltimore and was a staunch
He himself crashed to earth in one of
gon. I visited her recently at her home Union man. He was often called to
his fights. They fell from a distance of
in Salem and she told me of her efforts 700 feet, his observer being killed and Washington during the dark days of
to establish the linen industry. Richard being injured. Richard died the Civil War and was consulted by
* * * President Lincoln and Secretaries Stan
two weeks later. Warner was also in
"My maiden name was Julia Monta jured and spent more than a year in ton and Seward.
gue," said Mrs. Lord. "My father. * * *
a hospital. Frank's oldest son was
Charles Montague, who was born at
wounded by high explosive and will
Sunderland, Mass., was an inventor. "Six weeks before the assassination
never be sound again.
He invented the treadle used on sew of President Lincoln a grand ball was
ing machines. Prior to that they were * * * given at Baltimore in honor of the of
turned by hand. He also invented "Frank and I are the only children ficers stationed there. President Lin
many of the improvements in printing still living. Frank married Jennie coln with his cabinet, as well, as many
presses. These were purchased by the Johnson, daughter of Alvin Johnson of the senators from Washington, at
Hoe Press company. One of his most the publisher. Alvin Johnson was the tended the ball. President Lincoln ask
notable inventions was color printing, pioneer among the publishers in send ed my uncle if I might stand by him
by which the colored supplements of ing out agents to sell books. Before and help him receive the 1200 guests.
newspapers are printed. The first cyl his day it was thought to be undigni Presently Mr. Streeter, president of the
inder press made by Hoe & Co. was in fied to do such a thing. Customers were sanitary commission, came up and said,
1846, but it was very slow. In 1871 supposed to come to the store to buy 'Mr. Lincoln, you should dance with
they put their perfecting press on the the books they wanted. His sagacity Miss Montague. She has been teaching
market. In 1876 they introduced a along this line made a fortune for him. me how to dance, and I can guarantee
rotary folder. The first Hoe double- You probably remember when Alvin she is an able instructor.' President
supplement press was made in 1871 Johnson issued his encyclopedia. He Lincoln's face lit up with a smile as he
for James Gordon Bennett. They fol gave a great banquet and reception to said, T never felt more like dancing in
lowed this with a quadruple press the distinguished men who had helped all my life. I think I can see the end
which was set up in the New York as editors. Mark Twain, Peter Cooper of our weary years of bloodshed.' Mrs.
World office. Soon they were building and most of the literary lights of thai Lincoln had refused to attend the ball,
combination sextuple and color presses, day were present. In addition to the for she felt that it was to an extent
so when you read one of our huge Sun best known writers of America he in celebrating the humiliation of the South.
day papers just remember that it was vited and paid the expenses of many Like Mrs. Greeley, she was always rath
my father's work that helped to make of the distinguished American col er ashamed of her husband. The thing
the production of such a thing possible. lege presidents, so naturally they re that impressed me more than anything
One of his patents was infringed and turned to their homes all over the else about President Lincoln during
after a legal fight lasting eight years country good boosters for the newly the two hours and more 1 stood beside
and which cost him $45,000 in legal issued reference work. He spent money him in the receiving line was his ability
fees he finally won the suit, but he had in streams in introducing this work to put everyone at ease and his gift of
used most of his money in winning it. and money flowed back in rivers as a ready wit and quick repartee. Mrs.
He invented the Acme card cutter. return from the publicity he had se Lincoln felt that she came from 'quality
This was exhibited and attracted great cured. There were 1400 guests at his folks' in the South, and she always re
attention at the Centennial exhibition reception, most of whom were locally sented her husband's lowly origin and
in 1876, and, by the way, at this same or nationally well known. Horace his friendliness to common folk. She
exhibition flax from Oregon in compe Greeley and his family lived two years did some very queer and unaccountable
tition with the entire world won the at the Johnson home. In fact Mr. things in her apparent hostility to her
first prize. Belgium and Ireland had Greeley was there until three days be husband.
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 247
"My father's eldest sister, Julia Mon Bishop with $500,000. Mr. Bishop message. He reiterates it in place after
tague, went to the Sandwich islands in founded the famous Bishop Museum. place. One gripping part of his mes
1836 as a missionary and was selected He died a few years ago at Berkeley, sage is the story of his own passing
to educate the children of the royal Cal., at the age of 95. My aunt Julia out of darkness into light, and how
family. Queen Emma was one of her married Mr. Cooke, a missionary. Their under the study of the Bible one con
son Charles M., their son-in-law, J. B. viction after another gave way to new
pupils. Bernice, another of her pupils,
Atherton, with Samuel. Alexander and and compelling convictions until he
married Mr. Bishop, an English mis
others, founded the sugar industry had to surrender himself to Christ.
sionary to Hawaii. When you go to
along modern lines in the islands. Another part of his message has
Honolulu be sure to visit Queen's hos Oregon should feel grateful to those special reference to some arguments
pital, given to the city by Queen Emma early missionaries and their descend whereby local Buddhism is endeavoring
and King Kamehameha IV., also the ants. It was Frank Atherton who sup to checkmate Christianity. They say "It
Lunalilo home for the aged, given by plied the funds with which I paid Eu is all right to become Americanized in
King Lunalilo, and the Kamehameha gene Bosse for his work here in Salem all things except religion. America does
school endowed by Mrs. Charles R. in developing the flax industry." not require any one form of religion.
To change your religion is to betray
your ancestors."
From "The Light of Asia" to "The Light of fhe World' To this Mr. Imai replies, "Our an
ONCE a distinguished Buddhist that prince of preachers, Dr. Miyagawa, cestors were always seeking to find a
Priest, now an ardent preacher of and as a result took up the study of the better religion. In their search for new
the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Rev. Bible and of Christian theology. light they went to China and studied,
Kaku I'mai, of Tokyo, is touring the Eventually, being convinced of the often bringing back with them knowl
Hawaiian islands, visiting all the Jap truth of Christianity, he forsook his edge whereby they could improve upon
anese churches of the Hawaiian Board high position in the Buddhist temple, their original faith. Thus, the original
and the Methodist Mission. Mr. Imai and ignoring the strong remonstrance Hosso was improved into Tendai.
himself is pastor of one of the leading of his associates, and the astonishment Tendai was improved into Shingon.
Baptist churches of Japan, and thus is of his friends, he yielded himself to Shingon was improved into Jodo.
illustrated the fact that Christian de Christ. The experience, he says, was Tendai also improved into Hokekyo.
nominations, tho differing in non-essen "like the experience of passing from Thus our ancestors were always seek
tials, are united in heart and service,— winter into spring," and now for 23
ing a better religion, and finding, they
all for Christ, and all for men for whom years he has been "preaching the faith
adopted it. We should follow the ex
Christ gave his life. which once he destroyed." ample of our ancestors."
The story of how the Buddhist priest Mr. Imai, like Mr. Kanamori who
became the Christian minister reminds was here two years ago, is giving one To this Buddhists have made answer
one somewhat of the story of how Saul that "Changing from one sect to another
became Paul. By nature intense in his is permissible; it is the changing from
convictions, from his youth up he ap our ancestral faith to a foreign religion
plied himself to search out the truth that dishonors our forefathers."
and give it expression in his life. At Mr. Imai again, "If Christianity is
the age of 13 he entered the priesthood a foreign religion, then Buddhism,
of the Shingon sect, and at 17 entered which came from India, is foreign.
the Shingon University at Koyasan. Our ancestors adopted a religion which
After graduation he served for several came from India, through China,
years at the head temple of the sect, on through Korea, to Japan. Following
Mt. Hiei, Kyoto. Soon he was given the example of our ancestors, there can
charge of a temple in. Chiba Prefecture, be no objection to our accepting a re
near Tokyo. In a short time many ral ligion which came from Judea, through
lied to his standard and within three England, through America to Japan.
years he built a large temple. Trans To accept Christianity is not betraying
ferred to the Hokkaido—the northern our ancestors, but rather following their
island, his success there was equally example."
remarkable. From these little glimpses of Mr.
On one occasion, hearing that a for Imai's method it will be seen that he
eigner by the name of Dr. De Forest aims at clarifying the issues, as well
was preaching, he went out of curiosity, as declaring his own warm personal
expecting to hear a stumbling effort in faith and experience in the power of
the Japanese language. Not only was the Christian faith. In clarifying this
he amazed at Dr. De Forest's masterly one issue he will have removed a ser
use of the language, but he heard ious stumbling block to many, and
things that deeply affected his own given Japanese Christian workers a
Rev. Kaku Imai, in the Buddhist priest
views and convictions. He heard also robes he formerly wore. genuine and sympathetic argument in
248 THE FRIEND November, 1922

answer to those who, sincerely or in only accredited high school for Negro Conferences to maintain the American
sophistry, are opposing Christianity. young people in the state of Georgia Missionary Association work in this
Mr. Imai will continue his campaign with a population of a million two hun district. Local Oriental mission work
on the islands until December 6, when dred thousand Negroes is our Knox and general leadership in mission policy
he will proceed to the Western States Institute at Athens. Brewer Normal and the formation of public opinion de
for the encouragement of Christian School at Greenwood, South Carolina mands enthusiastic support from every
work among Japanese on the mainland. is the only high school with all grades Congregational church for the American
F. S. S. for a hundred thousand Negroes within Missionary Association and its repre
a radius of fifty miles. sentatives. At present we receive from
The American Missionary Association the churches of the whole country only
Why Support the A.M.A. admits that it is responsible for its own one-half of what the Commission on
AT no time within the last seventy- present embarrassment. It has created Missions asks for us from the Five Mil
five years has America faced such a demand which it is no longer able to lion Dollar Apportionment.
acute racial problems. Racial differ keep up with. Major Moton, Booker GEO. W. HINMAN,
ences have become accentuated since Washington's successor at Tuskegee Pacific District Secretarv.
the war because race consciousness and wrote in a secular magazine that "the
race aspirations have received an un schools planted by this Association have
precedented impulse. Further, the stir sent out graduates into every State and Law Enforcement in the
ring of race feelings and race issues section, so that today I doubt very
throughout the world, which is so much whether there is any school of
States
widely recognized, will strongly affect consequence for Negroes that has not, The following extract from a recent
race relations in our own country. The at some time in its history, had on its letter from Rev. J. O. Warner, former
so-called "backward races" now demand faculty one or more teachers trained agent of the local Anti-Saloon League
not merely an equal place, but the op at least in part, in some one of the will be interesting to many.
portunity to fit themselves for respons A.M.A. schools." The Home Missions Mr. Warner is now taking a course
ibility and service. The historic task Council adopted this report last Janu of study in Drew Theological Semi
of the American Missionary Associa ary : "Particular attention is directed nary, and doing field work for the
tion has been to provide the oppor to one home mission board (the A. M. Anti-Saloon League of New Jersey and
tunity through Christian Education. A.), the work of which has been the New York on Sundays.
Having prayed and served through earliest of those engaged in Christian "Say but how the folk lied to u?
seventy-five years to awaken in handi education of the Negro. In the sacri down there in Hawaii about 'lax en
capped races the God-given spark of ficial seed sowing of its pioneers of forcement' in the States! Don't you
racial aspiration, should we not wel service and its wise policies, patiently believe it. The government is on the
come with joy and increased energy pursued, all may now rejoice as the job. One hundred and twenty prohibi
the success of our efforts, the growing fruits of its labors are increasingly tion agents clean up three big eastern
manifestation that the people for whom manifest." Pennsylvania cities in one forenoon—
we worked are becoming aware of their At the Midwinter Conference last confiscating $10,000 worth of booze:
own intrinsic worth? January the Commission on Missions sixty agents swoop down on Atlantic
The demand laid upon the Associa after extended discussion and the pres City and close up every booze joint,
tion has been unprecedented, not so entation of claims from all the societies, and drain the resort dry; sixty re
much by the volume as by the quality voted to recommend that the percentage cently raided a big distributing centei
of training which is demanded. As a of apportionment for the A. M. A. be in the shape of a big New York hote'
race rises, standards automatically are increased one per cent, thus officially operated by a former brewer and goi
raised. The equipment which answered recognizing a preferred claim on the quantities of the forbidden stuff. Last
for emergency uses after the Civil War co-operation of the churches in this in week they dug through two feet of
has long been outgrown, but in only a creasingly urgent task. solid concrete in New York and found
few cases modernized. Better equip The Pacific Coast states cannot claim $700,000 worth of liquor stored—com
ment is the immediate imperative neces that they have no responsibility for the pletely sealed up on all sides.
sity. More pupils can not be invited Negro problem when there are Negro You can stand on top of the Bank
without more places to put them. More groups large enough to send a man of of Hawaii and shout to the people of
teachers cannot be employed without their race to the state legislature. But Hawaii for me if you want to that I
more recitation rooms. And yet the they have a special responsibility for have visited San Francisco, Ogden,
present work with present equipment the Indian missions, the Oriental mis Denver. Chicago, Dayton, Columbus
cannot be maintained unless receipts sions in Utah and New- Mexico and our Cleveland, Canton. Pittsburg, Philadel
from churches largely increase. To ac co-operation with the churches of Ha phia. Trenton, Newark and New York
cept present receipts from churches as waii. Congregationalists have major the past summer, and in all put to
the maximum to be expected would responsibility in Hawaii and exercise gether I have not seen as many drunks
mean shutting the doors in the faces of an influence on the missionary work in as I saw on a single Saturday night oi
not less than 2,000 boys and girls who all these other fields quite out of pro Sunday morning in Honolulu !
have no other available opportunity portion to the money invested. There On different nights I have walked the
since each of our schools occupies a is a unique obligation in every one of street of lower New York, on the west
field with little or no competition. The the Pacific Coast and Inter-mountain (Continued on page 251)
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 249

converts also slaves to Jewish cere

Creative Christianity monial law. The council at Jerusalem
was a great victory for Creative Chris
By Albert W. Palmer, D. D. of Central Union ChurcK tianity. Out of the darkness of the
"Wo serve in newness of the spirit and forms of church organization did he centuries Christianity came to the light
not in oldness of the letter."— Romans 7:6. of the wonderful 13th Century and ex
authorize ?
I HAVE just read "Creative Christi Imitative Christianity has had a noble pressed its soul in the marvelous aspir
anity", the recent Yale lectures by fruitage, St. Francis of Assizi imitating ing beauty of the Gothic cathedrals.
Prof. Cross of Rochester, but this is not his Master in humble service in me Jesus never saw a Gothic cathedral, or
to be a review of that book. Interesting dieval Italy, Thomas a Kempis writing dreamed of one, yet we think of Gothic
and refreshing as the lectures were, their his "Imitation of Christ", Leo Tolstoy architecture as one of the great con
chief effect was to stir up within me living the peasant life that he might be tributions of Christianity to the world.
what I myself wanted to say on the same closer to the gospel pattern, Washing They were the gift and abiding wit
subject. Possibly that is the best service ton Gladden writing in modern rushing ness of Creative Christianity. The Pil
a book can render—to arouse the reader America his lovely hymn. grim Fathers heard John Robinson ad
to carry its central theme on in terms of vise them to follow him no further than
"O Master, let me walk with Thee
his own thinking ! he had followed Christ—that was imita
in lowly paths of service free ;
tive Christianity at its highest. But in
Periodic outbursts of creative activity Tell me Thy secret, help me bear
the cabin of the Mayflower, before they
seem to characterize the universe in The strain of toil, the fret of care—
landed, they covenanted together to
which we live—outbursts of creative All these have nobly exemplified form "a civil body politic" and "to
activity followed by periods of imitation what the spirit of Imitative Christianity frame such just and equal laws ... as
or repetition. It is so in evolution. A may do when freed from blind fanati from time to time shall be thought most
world of invertebrates develops a race cism or unimaginative literalism. meet," and, as one of their church
of fishes which after long ages lead up But Imitative Christianity has its covenants put it, "to walk together in
to reptiles crawling up on the dry land. definite limitations. In the first place, all His ways according as he is pleased
Then comes a new creative movement our information about Jesus is incom to reveal Himself." That was Creative
and the mammals appear. Last of all plete. We have only a slender, though Christianity and great has been its
man is created to have dominion over inexpressibly precious, record of him in fruitage !
all that has gone before. the Gospels, and even that is not a
direct view of him but through the Our age, too, demands a Creative
So it is in architecture. The Greeks
colored and prismed glasses of the dis Christianity. None of the old creeds
achieve an almost perfect beauty with
ciples who saw him and have reported, or formulas fully meet the moral and
column and lintel, proportion, line and
contour. Then comes the Roman with not what we possibly would have seen, spiritual stresses of today. Even the
the arch and dome and rounded vaulting. but what they saw with the preconcep beautiful and sonorous Apostles Creed
Architecture repeats these forms in tions and thought-forms of their age. has nothing to say about the social
countless variations until, undreamed of Perhaps this limitation, straightened gospel, no hope of human progress, no
and supremely beautiful, out of the though it be, is fortunate as it delivers adequate recognition of God's abiding
forests of Northern Europe the great us from too great worship of the letter presence in nature and human nature or
Gothic architecture bursts upon the and sets us free to a larger loyalty to of foreign missions and world unity.
imagination of the world. Today the the spirit. Hence the need of such recent state
steel frame is revolutionizing construc And, in the second place, Imitative ments of faith as that adopted by the
tion processes and we are probably just Christianity faces the limitation that Congregational National Council in
entering another creative epoch in the new conditions and problems arise 1913 and used in Central Union Church
development of architecture. which Jesus knew not of. He never on each Communion Sunday, which in
experienced an automobile or a primary cludes such characteristically modern
So it is with religion. It has its election. Big business and its ethical affirmations as : "We are united in striv
great creative epochs, when the human ing ... to walk in the ways of the Lord
problems had not arisen in his day.
spirit achieves new vision and new free He never lived through a modern strike made known or to be made known unto
dom, and its long and by no means nor faced the tremendous moral prob us. We hold it to be the mission of
fruitless periods of imitation. More the church of Christ to proclaim the
lems of the Great War. Imitative
over there is a sense in which creative Christianity is dumb before these Gospel to all mankind, exalting the
and imitative Christianity constantly emergencies. Only Creative Christianity worship of the one true God, and labor
exist side by side. which asks not merely what did Jesus ing for the progress of knowledge, the
Imitative Christianity asks : What do, but the further harder question promotion of justice, the reign of peace
did Jesus do? What did he eat and what would He do, can grapple with and the realization of human brother
drink and wear? How was he baptized? the changing order of the world. hood. Depending, as did our fathers,
Did he pay tithes? Was he married? Christianity at its best has always upon the continued guidance of the
What was his conception of the Old been creative. Paul faced the problem Holy Spirit to lead us into all truth,
Testament? What did he believe about of what to do with Gentile converts we work and pray for the transforma
Jonah? What was his idea of the re in a creative spirit and freed the early tion of the world into the Kingdom of
lation of demons and disease? What church from the bondage of making its God, and we look with faith for the
250 THE FRIEND November, 1922

triumph of righteousness and the life ful greed, materialism and inhumanity Men and women, fellow Christians,
everlasting." of life with authority and conviction what we need is not better ritual or
Such a statement as this is in itself will say something creative to a world better education, more fundamentalism
a heartening bit of evidence that Chris or more progressivism, but a flaming
that falls into Bolshevism when it ought
tianity today is creative, and that, far creative evangel—hearts on fire with a
to rise toward Christianity. And who conviction that God has a great message
from being shut up to traditional creeds
and formulas, it can re-interpret the can measure the depth of human trag to the world about industry and about
eternal gospel in terms of the challeng edy if, now, when the conscience of the war—and woe is me if I proclaim not
ing needs and aspirations of the pres world is ready to be convicted of sin in that eternal gospel in the most win
ent age. regard to war, there comes from the some, convincing, heroic, sacrificial
There is considerable discussion words and deeds that I can find.
church of the Prince of Peace no great
about the vitality of religion today and If such a creative spirit could per
overwhelming cry against the militar
the relative zeal of individual Christians vade the church we would have a re
ism, imperialism and international self vival of religion that would sweep the
as shown in church attendance, partici ishness which produce war?
pation in prayer, family worship and world !
other devotional forms. There are those
who would meet the situation by retir
ing the sermon as a head-line attraction
Hawaii's New Responsibility
and developing ritual and vestments as chairman ; Dr. A. L. Andrews, Mrs. W.
an aid to worship. Others would lay "We are having a party tomorrow W. Thayer, and Dr. Ruth McKellar.
the stress on religious education and night and Esther is ready. It was a The Commission consists today of the
others on a social service program. present to her and she is very proud same members except that Dr. McKel-
In all these lines we can doubtless of it." Mrs. Bliss indicated a freshly- lar's place has been filled by Mrs. Nina
secure better balance and higher art, ironed, overly-decorated georgette L. D. Fraser.
but the fundamental question after all waist lying on one of the many beds The Commission, with the help of
is: Can the Church meet modern life in the girls' ward of the Home for the Governor, selected a site of govern
with creative power—in newness of the the Feeble Minded. It was the only ment land situated three miles mauka
spirit and not in oldness of the letter? article of wearing apparel in. a long of Pearl City, comprising about six
As some one has said so splendidly, room of immaculate neatness. By its hundred acres of land. Part of this
"What the church needs supremely is very incongruity it struck the eye of tract of land, about a hundred and
an evangel!" If it has a message, a the visitor. By its brave attempt at twenty-five acres, is in sugar cane, the
burning, thrilling, heroic message from normalcy it was a pitiful thing rest of it is pineapple land and waste
the heart of God to a sinful world, it Mute evidence of an age-old land due to a very large gulch which
will get that message across through tragedy runs through a large part of the prop
many channels and it makes little dif erty.
ference whether that channel is the ser ARE feeble-minded persons in great The Commission selected a superin
mon, the service of worship, the educa er proportion to the population of tendent, Dr. George S. Bliss, who came
tional program or the parish-house Hawaii than elsewhere? here from Fort Wayne, Indiana, where
activities. Personally I think the ser This question forces itself into the he had charge of the Indiana School
mon will come to its highest and noblest consciousness of the visitor to the Ter for Feeble-Minded. Under the direc
under such conditions, but without a ritorial Home for Feeble-Minded as he tion of the Board, Dr. Bliss has erected
vital message all methods of all varie goes from group to group of the in and equipped an institution for 100 peo
ties become only the grinding of ma mates. ple. The $60,000 originally appropriat
chinery. It is answered with a qualified nega ed was found not to be enough, under
Now if Christianity is to be creative tive by Dr. Bliss who states that the the high cost of building materials and
today, it must have a message of su proportion of one per cent of the popu labor, and the Special Session of 1920
preme power with regard to the two lation obtains practically all over the gave $22,000 more to cover the needs
master questions of today—the conduct United States. No survey has ever of the Institution until the 1st of July,
of industry and the abolition of war. been made in the Islands. From his 1921. The Session of 1921 appropriated
No zeal for old theological battle cries, knowledge of the situation, however, maintenance for the fifty people for
no theories about Biblical interpreta Dr. Bliss does not believe that the pro whom housing had already been pro
tion, whether sane or insane, no fussing portion will fall short of that existent vided, and also made an additional ap
around about orders or polity or forms elsewhere. propriation to increase the capacity to
or ceremonies will move the world to Feeble-minded persons as a group are one hundred, the total appropriation
even a respectful toleration. No word a new responsibility for Hawaii. amounting to $82,240. Two new dor
of individual renewal and salvation, The institution for their care was mitory wards were opened last January.
precious as that is, will alone be ade started by an appropriation made by Owing to a mistake in the wording of
quate to justify religion. But a church the Legislature. The law establishing the appropriation for buildings and fur
that has a creative message for the the home put it into the control of a nishings, the word "furnishings" was
world about the sacredness of human commission consisting of Mr. John R. omitted and these had to be purchased
life in industry, that can rebuke the sin Gait, chairman ; Mr. John Effinger, vice- from the maintenance appropriation,
 November, 1922. THE FRIEND 25 1
thus reducing the average number of The first inmate was taken March 27, times by the fine spirit and trained as
children to be taken for the year. Last 1921, and in a few weeks the Home sistance of the Doctor's wife. Mrs. Bliss
year the Home did not limit the num will accommodate fifty boys and fifty is a woman of rare patience and sym
ber to an average of fifty, because of girls. pathy, of keen perception and abundant
the urgency of cases needing care. There are regular Sunday services kindness.
The purpose of the institution is to for the children and these are now held
provide a home for defectives and To walk about the grounds and visit
in the school house. Sunday after
feeble-minded who have no home or the various groups with her was a
noons the children write letters or have
friends of their own and who need reading and story telling. There is a privilege. Everywhere was order —
the protection and care of the Home. moving picture machine and good mov everywhere the contentment and good
The Legislature of 1921 was asked for ing pictures have been obtained for feeling which only those of strong wills
money for a school house and this them. They are particularly fond of and understanding hearts can generate.
money was not appropriated. However, pictures with children or animals in Children and almost grown women who
there was enough from the building them, such as little children enjoy. could not talk found solace and peace
appropriation (originally intended for Children who have a good conduct re in merely touching her! It seemed al
furnishings) to provide this building port for the week have a party on Sat most that her strength flowed but to
and the Home now has a school for urdays, and there are special holiday them. A truly spiritual experience.
younger boys and girls, who attend parties.
regular grade classes in the forenoon. Dr. Bliss built the Institution for the
No epidemics of sickness have oc care of the feeble-minded in the state
and industrial work for the older as
curred during the year and very few of Maine and thus may be said to have
well as the younger girls in the after
accidents and injuries, the most serious
noon. At present ten of the younger labored from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
being a broken collar bone which one
boys and ten of the younger girls attend He is a man whose motives are unques
school in the forenoon, and practically of our boys received while engaged in
tioned. He loves his work and sees in
all of the girls attend industrial classes a jumping contest with some of the
it the opportunity for helpfulness to un
during the week. One of the purposes other boys. The healthful location of
the Home and the regular outdoor life fortunate mankind. This helpfulness is
of the Home is to train the younger de more than professional. It is human.
fectives to habits and lives of more with good wholesome food causes the
children to gain in health and strength Will ample money for the mainte
and better usefulness, and if possible, to
fit them to go out and earn their own in nearly all cases. One grown girl has nance and enlargement of this very neces
living in the community. As a matter learned to walk for the first time, and sary work be forthcoming from the
of fact, however, very few of the feeble another who could take only a few steps next legislature? The answer could
minded ever attain this result, with all is gradually gettting so that she can not be otherwise than yes in the Ter
the training that can be given them. walk for some distance around the
ritory of Hawaii.
grounds. Others, who have never been
Some do, however, and more and more
emphasis is being laid on this feature able to do anything at home are learn
ing to make beds, sweep, wash floors
of the work by the National Association
for the Study of the Feeble-Minded. and do other kiinds of housework. The Law Enforcement
The inmates are all ages (there is no fact that they are able to do something (Concluded from page 248)
of this kind gives them encouragement
age limit) from 9 years to 29 years. side, indeed all the way from 59th St.
and a new interest in life.
Our present population is as follows: to the Bowery and up till one o'clock
The boys have done much grading
Of those enrolled, the predominating a. m. around Greenwich Village and
work and different kinds of farm work
nationalities are as follows: down to the piers and I did not see a
under the supervision of the Home em
Hawaiian 2>7 ployees ; and the girls have done laundry single drunken person or any evidence
Portuguese 14 work, sewing and housework. Well of booze at all. I could scarcely be
Porto Rican 11 chosen trees and shrubs have been set lieve my eyes, for I knew that section
Chinese : 2 out with a view to the future beautifica- in the pre-Prohibition days—I lived in
Japanese 11 tion of the grounds. The boys help it two straight years; there was a sa
Caucasian 5 with the care of the rabbits, cows, loon on nearly every corner and the
Filipino 1 mules and pigs. bar tenders sprinkled booze on the
Spanish 1
No institution is doing the greatest sawdust in front of their establish
amount of good without the personality ments to attract the weak ones.
82 or personalities associated with it. The
Enrolled according to couties : Of course I am not saying they are
Commission chosen to create the Home
Boys Girls Total not drinking cocktails and highballs
was most fortunate in the selection of
Hawaii 4 15 19 Dr. Bliss, an M.D., and recognized ex and hootch in the cafes and cabarets
Oahu 24 23 47 pert in the diagnosis and care of feeble in New York—for they are, but they
Maui 1 4 5 minded persons. All Hawaii shares this are mighty quiet about it compared
Kauai 4 7 11 good fortune and those who have been with the old days, and the folk who
privileged to view the work at close are doing it do not count for much in
33 40 82 range realize that it is amplified many our national affairs anyway."
252 THE FRIEND November, 1922

"In one of our clubs I asked the boys

how many were born in Hawaii, and
all raised their hands. Then I asked
them, 'You are a citizen of what coun
try?' All of them with a proud voice
replied, 'American citizen.' Next 1
asked, 'Are you going to stay home
from school and celebrate the Japa
nese emperor's birthday?' They ans
wered with a firm voice, 'No.' "
It has been only in the past few
years that this subject of Hawaiian-
born Japanese celebrating Japanese
holidays has come in for any special
notice or discussion. Not so long ago
it was accepted as a matter of course.
But in the general searching of hearts
that accompanied and followed the
world war—when for the first time
America realized the peril of divided
allegiance in her citizenship ; and espe
cially since the labor strike of 1920
developed its phases of Japanese na
nThe Mokuleia Conference tionalistic action—Americans in Ha
waii ask with increasing emphasis and
The second annual conference of jects of Religious Education and Evan directness : "Where do our young citi
Missionaries and Secretaries of the Ha gelism were presented. zens of oriental parentage stand?"
waiian Board was held at Mokuleia The two main problems of the field And the young Japanese-Americans
from October 31st to November 2nd. which received most discussion were themselves are only lately beginning to
The pastors of our union churches the problem of the non-church-going realize the importance of taking affirm
were invited to join the group and the "haole" Christian and the rising gener ative action, of taking some initiative
total number attending was nineteen. ation of Hawaiian born Japanese. in demonstrating where they stand.
Dr. Palmer gave a talk on the need The public advocacy of abandonment
The program arranged by the Secre of a creative Christianity for today and of Japanese national holidays is one
tarial Council was well proportioned in Rev. Augustine Jones, of Maui, de of several hopeful indications.—Star-
respect to the devotional and the prac livered an instructive address on "The Bulletin.
tical. After a devotional period each Minister and Church Hymns." Rev.
morning some phase of the problems J. P. Erdman preached the sermon on
of the field was introduced by prepared "Christ Adequate for the Needs of Detained by a Tragedy
speakers and then discussed by all. Men." In October, Rev. T. Watanabe, of
The afternoon sessions continued the The 1922 Conference was voted to be Sacramento, accepted a call from the
discussion of problems and in the even even more profitable than the one last Hawaiian Board to engage in mission
ing after a vesper service the large sub year. ary work in Hawaii.
Just as the family was ready to start,
their eldest child, a boy, was run over
Hopeful Indications by a truck and killed.
Under the shadow of such a tragedy
Wide comment has been evoked by University of Missouri, from which he coming to undertake work in a strange
the letter of a young- Japanese-Ameri graduated. He has been active in or place, the deepest sympathy even of
can published in The Star-Bulletin urg ganizing clubs of Hawaii-born Japa those who have never known them will
ing his fellow-citizens of Japanese an nese on Kauai. As to the celebration be with them.
cestry not to celebrate the birthday of of the emperor's birthday, he says in a
the emperor of Japan. letter to a personal friend in Honolulu :
It appears, also, that elsewhere in "I was very much pleased yesterday Mrs. Eva Emory Dye, well known
the territory young Americans of Japa with the way the Japanese conducted Oregon writer, is in Honolulu working
nese ancestry are active in creating a their emperor's birthday. There was on historical data which closely con
sentiment that their allegiance is to no conspicuous celebration going, and nects the early days of Hawaii with
America, not to Japan. the schools that I visited had normal Oregon. This is Mrs. Dye's second visit
At Lihue, Kauai, there is a young attendance of Japanese students. For here. She is thoroughly conversant
American, born of Japanese immigrant example, at 1 lanamaulu school, there both with the personalities and the his
parents, who went to Mills school, the were two Japanese pupils absent, but on torical facts of the early days of the
University of Hawaii, and then to the account of illness. Hawaiian Mission.
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 253

First Impressions of Hawaii's Educational Needs

By P. M. Symonds, Professor of Education, University of Hawaii

Prepared at the request of the Su tions of the Survey Committee—they is quite willing to spend money amount
perintendent, for the biennial re did not seek to perpetuate their work. ing to over a million dollars without
port of the Department of Public Up-to-date cities run continuous Sur giving a thought as to what final
Instruction veys of their school systems. The sur product the money buys.
MY FIRST impression of education vey movement has resulted in raising "That is a technical matter,—no one
in Hawaii was that, far from hav the efficiency of education everywhere can tell just what the result of our
ing a need, Hawaii was plentifully sup that the Survey has been tried—but it education is." Yes, measuring the re
plied with educational facilities. As is absurd to have to go through a peri sult of education is a technical matter,
I first viewed Honolulu I seemed to odic housecleaning every decade or so. but it is possible. Cities all over the
see a school on every street corner,— Cobwebs ought never to be permitted United States are to-day determining
public schools, private schools, the to form in the school system—effi scientifically the results of a large pro
normal School, the University, Puna- ciency involves a continuous checking portion of the aims of its schools.
up. Courtis says in the Survey of the Gary
hou, the High School, Hanahauoli, Io-
lani, all of these I saw on my first I find everywhere an appalling ig Schools, "In education, as in other
rides through the city. And the first norance of the results of the education walks of life, it is not enough to take
impression has persisted—Hawaii has which the children receive in the for granted that because aims are high,
been generous toward its schools, al schools. It seems to be taken for intentions good, and theory apparently
though I soon found that there was granted that good school buildings sound, satisfactory results are sure to
overcrowding in many places. and good teachers turn out of neces follow." (p. 386) In the appraisal of
J noticed in my first school visits the sity good products. No one questions education innovations the ultimate ques
loyalty and faithfulness of the teach that Hawaii's schools educate—it is tion must ever be, "What is the effect
ers. Everywhere they were right on taken for granted. But can it be taken upon the children?"
the job, at work in their classrooms, for granted? Hawaii needs to deter In my very brief time in Hawaii
devoted to their task. mine the result of the schooling it I have had the opportunity to visit
On my way over to Hawaii I passed gives its children. Are the returns but a few of Hawaii's schools. And I
the time by reading the "Survey of Edu commensurate with the cost or ought hesitate to give my opinions of what
cation in Hawaii" made by the Federal Hawaii to get more out of its schools 1 have seen for fear that my impres
School Survey Commission. I have for what it pays for them? I mean sions may not be representative of the
been pleased to find that many of the precisely this—can the children in Ha general conditions. I have seen some
recommendations of that Survey had waii's schools read as well as children very amateurish teaching and I have
been put into practice. Hawaii should in Mainland schools, can they write as seen some splendid teaching which
be congratulated for its efforts toward well, can they spell as well, can they showed the fruits of fine training, long
Americanization, for the re-organiza talk as well, can they compute as well? practice, and high intelligence. In gen
tion of the Normal School and the Does any one know? And yet Ha eral I believe that Hawaii's schools are
work of its President in building up waii is paying out some .million dollars lacking supplementary material—books,
and maintaining the highest standards for its schools in the blind faith that pictures, maps, materials of all kinds
of teacher preparation, for its work it is getting its money's worth. to fill out the meagre environment of
toward raising the standards of health An industry that ran its business in so many of the children. Schools,
among the school, children, for the this way would be a failure and a after all, are only to supply the edu
generous schedule of salaries it pays laughing stock. Agriculture is not cation which society thinks adults
its teachers, and for the establishment content with hiring laborers and plant should have and which is not supplied
of the University, with which I am ing the seed-—it wants to know just in the informal living which comes
proud to be associated. Every one of what the crop is and how large it is, from the home or playground.
these represents a definite step toward and of what quality. Agriculture is But whatever deficiencies there may
educational progress. spending money to check up the re be in Hawaii's schools can only be
One need that I see for education in turns on its investment. Manufactur uncovered by a systematic measure
Hawaii is a continuance of the Survey ing is not satisfied with building an ex ment of the results of instruction.
in the shape of a permanent organiza pensive plant and hiring so many work There is nothing that can awaken
tion for the college and interpretation ers and then turning out an article in teachers to their deficiencies and pos
of facts concerning its school system. an unknown quality and of an un sibilities more than the comparison
If the Survey was of value in show known quantity. It carefully counts which measuring with standardized
ing Hawaii what the weak points in the product and inspects its quality. tests affords. I believe that Hawaii
its educational system were, it would Manufacturers have found it profitable should establish a Bureau of Research
be worth while to make the Survey a to establish a separate department to in connection with its Department of
permanent institution. That was one take account of costs and amounts and Public Instruction. Such a Bureau
important omission in the recommenda hence gage the profits. But Hawaii would make itself valuable in many
254 THE FRIEND November, 1922

ways. It could make a continuous system? I should have difficulty in and ran several hundred miles. Of it
survey of the population and report proving that a Research Bureau of a contemporary paper says :
its ever-changing structure, condition, this kind would pay for itself, but it "A Dublin coach-maker has attracted
tendencies, and needs. It could take is true. Industry long ago found out the attention of multitudes by the ex
over the problem of the school census. that increased efficiency meant in hibition of a very handsome and in
It could establish standards for build creased economy. A Bureau of this geniously constructed carriage, having
ings and grounds for Hawaii. It could kind would have the same effect as an but three wheels and propelled by a
study the many problems connected auditing department in manufacturing, gentleman sitting within, at the rate of
with equipment and supplies. Of great which most manufacturers feel essen not less than eight or ten miles an
importance, such a Bureau of Research tial to-day. To be more definite, such hour. The force applied is in the op
could help in the grading and classifi a bureau could help materially in solv eration of four levers, which are alter
cation of the children and the selection ing the problems of retardation which nately acted upon with much ease either
of the teaching corps. It could con is such a pressing problem in Hawaii. by hand or the foot, and cause the
sider problems regarding text-books. Ayres in a study of sixty-five cities carriage to make an angle with much
It could take over the measurement of estimated the cost of repeaters to greater celerity than a coach drawn by
health of which so much is now being be from 6.5 to 30.3 per cent, of all a horse can do.
done in Hawaii. It could study the money expended for schools in these "The maker, it is said, is building
problems of cost-accounting and finance, cities. If this problem of the repeaters another, on an improved, large scale,
and the proper relation between taxa could be solved, right there, Hawaii which it is believed, will supersede the
tion and public wealth, of relative would save some thousands of dollars present system of mail coaches by
costs of administration, supervision, —in this one point alone a Bureau of horses."
and teaching. It could assist in pre Research would more than pay for it This second vehicle was named the
paring reports for the public of facts self. "Infant," and was quite successful. Nan-
regarding the school system. In my brief stay in Hawaii I be cock built other cars, which he named
These problems at present are under lieve the most hopeful and encourag the "Era," the "Enterprise," the "Au
taken by the Superintendent of Public ing thing I have seen is the great topsy," and the "Automaton." This
Instruction and the supervising prin amount of interest the people of Hawaii last was the most successful of all, and
cipals. The time of the supervising take in their schools. I am sure that was used on a regular stage route for
principals should be freed to allow this interest is a large element in help nearly six months, carrying in that
them to give all of their attention to ing Hawaii maintain its schools at a time over 12,000 passengers and travel
the raising of efficiency in their dis high standard. ing more than 4,000 miles.
tricts. As for the Superintendent, his Meanwhile other inventors were at
duty is to plan and execute. And in work, the most successful of whom was
order to do both intelligently he must THE ANCESTOR OF THE Guldeworthy Gurney. Gurney construc
know the facts. AUTOMOBILE ted a steam carriage which weighed
By Charles E. Corwin nearly eight tons with driving wheels five
In 1920, 159 out of 330 cities in the feet in diameter. Of it a newspaper of
United States, having a population of PEOPLE who are not yet middle
the day remarks:
over 10,000, answering a questionnaire, aged remember the first appearance
"We have heretofore noticed the
indicated that they made a systematic of the automobile upon the roads of
steam carriage invented by Mr. Gurney,
use of standardized tests or other scien America. But while the automobile is
of London, and from the Literary Ga
tific methods in their school system. yet young, it is of ancient and honor
zette of that place we learn that the
Since 1920 this ratio has greatly in able ancestry. last trials of its power have resulted
creased. In 22 cities in 1920 there As early as 1680 Sir Isaac Newton in the most complete success. It is
were special research directors appoint proposed a carriage to be propelled moved at a rate of nearly nine miles
ed to care for the scientific collection by a jet of steam issuing from a nozzle
an hour, and its velocity might with
and interpretation of facts, both with at the rear of the vehicle. safety be considerably increased. The
regard to the efficiency of instruction During the latter half of the eigh editor of the Gazette says : 'There is
and the questions of finance. In 108 teenth century several efforts to con nothing in the appearance of the ve
cities the superintendent personally had struct horseless carriages were made. hicle to lead the spectators to suppose
charge of this work. Wherever it has The model of a steam wagon, built by it to be propelled by steam, it makes no
been introduced, the superintendent has a Frenchman named Cugnot, in 1769, more noise than an ordinary traveling
found that it has given him greatly in is still preserved in Paris. In 1802 carriage, nor is there any annoyance
creased power in maintaining his Richard Trevithick, of Camborne, Eng from steam or smoke. It is further
school system at a high level. Nothing land, made a steam carriage which he asserted that it can ascend a hill with
could be done of more value to educa drove all the way to London, ninety perfect ease and be managed with the
tion in Hawaii. This fall the City of miles distant. utmost facility and nicety.' "
Baltimore has established a depart Somewhat later Walter Nancock, But stage-coach drivers objected to
ment of research, putting in charge of of Dublin, devoted himself to perfecting these vehicles because they frightened
it a man at a salary of $5,000. a steam boiler which was used to drive their horses, and tax payers complained
Is this another expensive fad to be a carriage of his own construction. of the damage which they did the
added to the already expensive school This automobile was patented in 1827 roads. By about 1836 all these earlier
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 255

horseless carriages had found their way tives of the U. S. Government are act
to the scrap heap, and the ancient
American Cemeteries ing faithfully in their behalf in the care
supremacy of the horse remained prac in France of the cemeteries. Indeed, the warm
tically undisturbed until the invention personal interest of the personnel in
of the gas engine in 1884 prepared the Washington, Oct. 26—In striking
charge, both at the headquarters in
way for the modern automobile some contrast to sporadic criticism of Ameri
Paris and at the cemeteries, was one of
can cemeteries in France, the report of
ten years later. the chief matters noted by the commis
the members of a special commission
sion.
of clergymen appointed by the Federal
"It was especially gratifying to find
Council of Churches to visit the various the chaplains, who represent both the
Orange Blossoms vs. Red burying places of American soldiers in
nation and the churches of the nation,
France expresses the warmest com
Curtains mendation of the work of those in
participating in this service, and the
chaplains expressed deep gratification at
HOW would you like to come home charge. They point out that they are
the message conveyed to them from the
for the week-end some day and under reconstruction and that nothing
Federal Council which was prepared
find red curtains hanging in your door incomplete satisfies the eye.
by the General Committee on Army and
way? You might think it doubtful At the same time, they make an Navy Chaplains.
taste on the part of some one of au earnest plea that Congress appropriate "As an example of the painstaking
thority in your home, but it would have whatever funds may be necessary to care for the interest of visiting friends
no other significance. It means so complete them in accordance with the
much in China that the sign of those it may be noted that when the commis
plans laid down. The members urge sion visited Bony Cemetery they found
gay red curtains has brought much that the plans for beautifying the ceme
heartache to some girls, for it means that a car had been sent along distance
teries be carried to early completion. from Cambrai to St. Quentin, to con
death to hope, happiness and freedom ; The Commission consists of the Rev.
it means that while the girl was away vey the sister of two oi the boys whose
Charles E. Jefferson, Pastor of the bodies were to be interred on that day.
in school, perhaps with some vision of
Broadway Tabernacle, New York, the "The cemeteries are at different stages
becoming a bread-winner, an indepen
Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, and the in the process of reconstruction. Ro
dent woman, able to care for others
Rev. Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, of magne and Suresnes are the only ones
who have lacked her opportunity, her
New York, General Secretary of the yet approaching a state of completion,
mother and father have arranged her
Federal Council of Churches. but the trees have not yet been planted;
marriage, and that the wedding will
occur the following week ! They visited the cemeteries at Belleau and in some cases the grass has not
Wood, Fere-en-Tardenois, Suresnes, St yet been sown.
Does she love the man? How could
Mihiel, and Bony. The breakdown of "The wooden crosses have not yet
she, when she doesn't even know him,
an automobile prevented a visit to been replaced by the proposed head
perhaps has never seen him?
Romagne, though a representative of stones. The grading in most cases
Does she want to marry? That is a the Federal Council visited this ceme has not been completed.
secret girls keep down in their hearts, tery and praised it highly. "Temporary morgues have been built
but though the wish is ever so strong Special praise is given to the Pro for the caskets awaiting interment, and
they do not want to marry when only testant and Roman Catholic chaplains it is evident that great care is used in
fifteen, and perhaps to a man several and officers in charge at the cemeteries. the identification and care of the bodies
times that age. The red curtains are They are as follows: Chaplain William by a very thorough and accurate sys
China's orange blossoms, but with a D. Geary, Capt. S. Duncan Campbell, tem. This is the case with bodies still
sordid, unhappy translation. They may Belleau Wood—Fere-en-Tardenois ; Ma discovered occasionally in the very
signify happiness, and they often, signi jor Chaplain W. K. Lloyd, Capt. Wil •spots where they fell.
fy something tragically different. liam L. Brown of Texas, First Lieu "The cemeteries are all beautifully
tenant G. E. Dewey, St. Mihiel; Ma located and in most cases are situated
jor Chaplain Herbert S. Smith, Captain on an eminence which makes them vis
Prof. Bailie's Article Delayed R. L. Fain, Bony. ible at a long distance, and gives beau
The article by Professor Joseph The report then says: tiful views of the country from them.
Bailie of the Industrial Bureau of the "The Commission desires to express The plans appear to be ideal.
University of Peking, and Henry Ford's the warmest commendation of the work "Of course, nothing uncompleted sat
representative in China, anticipated for of the American Graves Registration isfies the eye or heart, and a cemetery
the November Friend, did not arrive in Service in Paris and of Col. H. F. Reth- in a stage of development is particu
ers and his associates in charge of it. larly grating and disappointing, and yet
time and will therefore be published at
It is evident that the relatives and even in their unfinished state, the)
a later date.
friends of our boys who fell in France have a certain beauty—those long lines
In connection with Professor Bailie's are receiving courteous and painstaking of wooden crosses with their names sc
visit here it is interesting to note that attention and that they are provided suggestive of the diverse sources of our
a number of the young men selected to with adequate facilities for visiting the nation's strength.
train in the Ford shops have already graves of their loved ones. "Wrhen we looked upon them we
left for the mainland. Others will "Those who are not privileged to do earnestly hoped that no more Ameri
follow shortly. this rest assured that the representa can parents will wish to bring home
 THE FRIEND November, 1922
256
their dead. Why not allow the bodies representing both the churches and Christians joined with the foreign men
of the mission as hosts at a dinner
of these boys to lie together in the the nation.
"That the Federal Council arrange given to the most distinguished men in
soil they died to save? Having fought
Tunghsien official circles. The guests
together, why should they not be to with its representatives in France tc
of honor were seven, the two highest
gether in the chambers of death, witl have Memorial Day services under the
officers commanding each of the (some
the American flag upon a staff in the auspices of the Council, in behalf of
times rival) troops stationed in Tung
center of each cemetery, flying ovei the American churches and people, helc'
in all of these cemeteries, or as many hsien; the Hsein official, or governor
their graves? of the county ; the abbot of the Budd
of them as possible.
"On coming away we found our hist temple, Pao Tung Ssu, where for
"That the Federal Council arrange
selves thinking not only of the dead thirty years he has lived as a near
for the churches at home to join ir
but of the living. We were deeply neighbor to the mission, in most cor
this special remembrance on each Mem
impressed by the tenderness and devo
orial Day under the direction where dial relations, and has even contributed
tion of the men who are in charge of
possible of the Reserve and Nationa1 toward their work: and, finally, the
these burial places. Guard Chaplains, as union services, chief of the Tunghsien police. One of
"It is our hope that Congress will through a call, issued by the Council. the military leaders, being away, was
never cripple these men in their work "That this report be conveyed to the represented by his eldest son.
by narrow considerations of economy, Chief of Chaplains with words of ap Among the hosts were the proprietor
but will give them whatever they need preciation and congratulation and thai of a large shop in the city, Mr. Kung.
to make these cemeteries what they it be conveyed to the General Com perhaps most widely known as owner
ought to be, places of surpassing love mittee on Army and Navy Chaplains and manager of the Tungchou dairy,
liness, as beautiful to the eye as was and the similar Roman Catholic Com but also a Christian gentleman of dis
the spirit of the dead in the hour of mittee, urging these bodies to imprest tinction, a leading public-spirited citizen,
their supreme sacrifices to the soul, and upon the churches the duty and oppor and a philanthropist; Mr. Li. maker of
as is the devotion of the men, who, far tunity of supporting their chaplains anc1 the greatly demanded "Tungchou furni
from home are endeavoring in the face carefully guarding their interests." ture," also a philanthropist and a man
of disheartening conditions to perform of education and of power: the pastor
a sacred duty to the dust of our im of one of Tunghsien's churches, and
mortal, dead. Fireworks in Tunghsien others engaged in educational, medical,
"We were particularly gratified to By Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes and religious work in the mission, lead
get this insight into the work of our AFTER the Chinese Feast of Lan ers all. Twenty sat down at the table.
officers and especially our army chap terns, General Ma, of the I-Chun After the dinner, the guests and their
lains, whose services in time of peace troops, here located, sent the mission a hosts went to the athletic field of Jef
are in many ways more difficult than in present of some fireworks, and chief ferson Academy, where the fireworks
time of war. The churches who give among them a ho-tzu. General Ma's were displayed. As the setting off of a
them their first and their real commis father and the late Dr. Sheffield were ho-tsu is a rare and coveted sight to the
sion, ought to maintain the deepest in friends, and it was a pleasant carrying Chinese, the gates were open to the
terest in their work and ought to do on of long-time cordiality to have his public. The crowd, standing, packed
everything in their power to further son make this gift to the mission where half the large field; there must have
it, and help them to have the facilities Dr. Sheffield's daughter, Mrs. W. B. been close on two thousand. The pupils
of the mission schools, some four hun
which they need for it. Stelle, is now.
"The War Department, should, with It was decided to make the setting dred, and the fifty odd from the high
and grammar grades of the North China
out any question, free them from any off of the fireworks an occasion of spe
real or apparent discriminations or any cial festivity. The leading Chinese American School, made a mere fringe
thing whatever that would in any way
retard their work which, in time of
peace, is in danger of being forgotten
and which they are called upon to do
almost unobserved by the great body FOR THE BATHROOM OR NURSERY
of our people.
"Let the churches especially remem What more desirable than a Hot Point Hed-
ber in their thought and prayer the
chaplains and their associates remain light heater? They are portable and give
ing in France, who are performing thi;
sacred task. We are sure that they
instantaneous service.
have the prayer and gratitude of the
multitude of loved ones in whdse be WWDimoivd&(?LTD
II "THe HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES \J
half they render this beautiful service.' 63-65 KING STREET, HONOLULU
Among the recommendations are:
"That chaplains be associated in the
permanent care of the cemeteries, as
November, 1922. THE FRIEND 257

about one side. As the rockets and high scaffolding near the center of the to be a fourteen-story pagoda, full thirty
silver-showers blazed up, there seemed field. When the great fuse had burned feet high, the inner light glowing
a shoreless sea of heads. slowly from the ground up, in the hush through its yellow walls and red win
of expectation, there fell from it one dows, while at the four sides hung
Besides the ho-tzu, the most uncom
after another, five great spectacles,
mon display, and so the most delighted strings of oval paper-lanterns. The ho-
each lasting several minutes. The first
in, was a "grape-vine," suspended from tzu was indeed a delight to the eye and
was a picture hung between four strings
a wooden arbor, its many bunches of a marvel to the mind !
of lights ; the second like a doorway of
flaming grapes sparkling and twinkling
dark blue velvet with characters of sil As darkness began to settle down,
between green leaves with sudden jets
ver flame upon it ; the third was eight with the dimming of the pagoda, a con
of blue, pink, and green fire as the
illuminated paper drums hung one above stellation of_lanterns broke up and went
leaves and stems caught.
the other ; the fourth, most gorgeous, bobbing hither and yon as the crowd
The last and greatest was the ho-tsu was a shower of lights like a giant tas quietly dispersed, to remember long, I
itself. The hexagonal box, gay with sel, with stars of blue-white light thread feel sure, their evening of pleasure at
gold and blue, was suspended from a ed along each strand ; the last proved Jefferson Academy.

Trie Ne^ Japan

The Washington Conference has been By Issamu rvawakami
K, The national mind before the Wash
a step in the regeneration of Japan. ington Conference seems to have be
No other country has experienced so Prominent Japanese are organizing longed to another age than this. When
and creating sentiment in Japan to de
complete and rapid a change in popular mand the calling of a conference for the the news of America's proposal for
opinion and in the spirit of the people reduction of armies. This movement bringing about reduction of armaments,
since the Washington Conference. I has been brought about by tremendous thus reducing the causes of international
influence exerted in Japan by the Wash
had opportunity of knowing the deeper ington Conference on the Limitation of friction, was first made known there
thought of the Japanese people before Armaments. was a feeling that it meant national
the Conference, and upon my return In this article, Isamu Kawakami, gen disaster for Japan.
eral secretary of the International Ser
from Washington I could not help vice Bureau of Japan, made up of the From a sense of national insecurity,
noticing the change. Now I hear clear Japanese Peace Society, the League of and from suspicion, ignorance, mis
ly the voice of the new Japan. Nations Association of Japan, and the
American Association Committee, tells understanding and selfishness came
The new Japan is a Japan of truer of the "regeneration of Japan as a result confusion in the thinking of the Jap
culture, more nearly emancipated from of the Washington Conference." anese people, and they were unable to
the chains of militarism. The change comprehend the real meaning of the
already wrought by the Conference is ments. In her sphere she will do proposal. The first thoughts were:
indeed marvelous. It is the dawn of a everything possible to cooperate with "What will Japan do without arma
new day. Japan has begun to realize the other nations in promoting the ments? How can she compete with
that there is a way to protect the peace of the whole world. Such is the America and Europe? And how can
sovereignty of the nation and to sup awakening spirit of the new Japan. she further her national aspirations as
port the nation's aspirations in peace. The emancipation of the new Japan she has done in the past? Japan won
She has learned that competition in from the old militarism is evidenced the respect of the world through her
armaments is meaningless, that a sin first by the movement this spring for military achievements in the Chino-
cere seeking for justice among nations reducing the Japanese army, without Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars, and
is a far better safeguard of peace and waiting for any agreement with any but for her armies she would not have
prosperity, and that the old militaristic power. All political parties, realizing secured the abolition of extra-territori-
Germany is not a good model for her that the people were behind them, co ality and tariff autonomy. Japan dis
to follow. operated in this move for the reduction armed is Japan ruined."
Japan has discovered a better way of the army. This was the militaristic idea of nar
than she had known. The Washington The motives of the various parties row-minded people who being satisfied
Conference has shown the Japanese were different, but all alike wished to with Japan as she was, that is, military
people that however difficult a problem reduce the expense of the army and to Japan, could see nothing but ruin in
may be, and however incapable may follow the spirit of the new age. Only any change. They could not believe
seem the mind of man solving it. a one year ago Mr. Ozaki's proposal for that there was not some ulterior mo
thorough discussion on a basis of rea the reduction of the navy was de tive in the American proposal. They
son and justice will surely discover feated in the same House of Parlia suspected America of trying to trick
light ; and when the delegates of the ment by an overwhelming majority. A Japan into disarming so that America
world meet together in sincerity to year ago no one dared to even propose might have her own way with her de
learn the right and wrong of a thing, reduction of the army. The whole na fenseless neighbor. The cry that dis
the unsolvable difficulty will at last find tion was so under the control of the armament might ruin had about it the
a solution. Japan has discovered the military party and the military idea that odor of militarism. Japan's policy of
secret of true safety and will not re they could not get away from the mili national isolation dependent on military
peat the old error of piling up arma- tary policy. strength was like Germany, and Bis
258 THE FRIEND November, 1922

marck and Moltke were almost wor ence, combining all. peace organizations Japanese army by one half. It thinks
shipped by certain elements in Japan. in a cooperative movement for the suc that for Japan army reduction is more
But certainly the national sentiment cess of the Washington Conference as a important than navy reduction, because
in Japan has changed, and this change step toward permanent peace and the of the great loss to industry resulting
has crystallized in the proposal in the reconstruction of the world. They have from 250,000 able bodied men serving
Japanese Parliament for the reduction won the support of many business men uselessly as soldiers in times of peace.
of the army. In this respect Parliament and of religious and educational or Moreover, the economic development of
has represented boldly and clearly the ganizations, women's societies, and Japan suffers from the ill feeling of
national sentiment. It has promised working people. other nations created by suspicion of
the people some reduction in the army. Since the Washington Conference, her large army.
This is evidently a national movement. with the resultant change in national When the large army goes, with it
It is the tendency of the times. The sentiment, the Association for the Limi go the chief reason for hatred of Japan,
evidence of strong public opinion in tation of Armaments has gained much the unrest of the country, and the
support of such a measure gives much in strength and influence. Its ideals hindrances to national economic develop
hope for the future. are higher than the accomplishments of ment. Japan's best internal develop
The movement in Japan for the limi the Washington Conference, and it is ment demands a change in her external
tation of armaments was started last now working for national sentiment that policy. Her real needs are industrial
year by Mr. Ozaki when he proposed will demand a second disarmament con and educational progress, social reform
naval limitation in Parliament. He fol ference for the advancement of world
ar-d the development of social service,
lowed this up with a nation-wide appeal peace and the benefit of world civiliza
all of which can be much aided by sav
to the people and later the Association tion. The Association's present slogan,
as expressed in the general meeting ing of money now expended for arma
for the Limitation of Armaments was
formed. The Association was very held May 23, is the scrapping of all ments. And especially Japan needs the
active during the Washington Confer capital ships and the reduction of the reconstruction of her government so
that militarism will not be favored by
putting the ministers of the army and
navy on a different basis from the other
ministers.
We Are All Working Men and Women
As for foreign policy, Japan should
Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law cooperate with the other nations of
yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled" the world in seeking to establish per
labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one manent peace, so that all people in the
finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
world can live as friendly neighbors
special need.
We will welcome your account. with good economic relations. Such
are the opinions now expressed by all
newspapers and magazines in Japan.
1i THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
The spirit which Japan shows in the
BRANCHES agreement with China regarding Shan
LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR tung at the Washington Conference
COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA. must be continued in Japan's relations
with China.

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waiklki Beach, 3'/4

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND

When there is a need, meet it. When something has to

he done, do it. And let that v?hich is done he for the
good of all so that it redounds to the benefit of each and
not to the doer alone. These things are what go to make
up the Maui Way.

Joseph H. Gray in his Editorial "The Maui Way »

in this Issue

Maui No Ka Oi
HONOLULU DECEMBER, 1922 HAWAII
266 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

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Henry H.Williams
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, DECEMBER, 1922. No. 12.

Hlte Maui Way

By Joseph H. Gray, Editor, Maui NevPs

THERE is only one way to do a would rather drive over rough roads annually for five years, a million in
thing and that is TO DO IT. Nat and would rather pay higher taxes than that period for the upbuilding, support
urally that implies to do it right. That see support taken away from those and maintenance of Kula Sanitarium
is the Maui way, not to talk and fuss struggling mothers and helpless chil and the hospitals. There are many who
and fume about it but to tackle the dren." would like to see a special tax levied
job and go through with it without This year's budget for child welfare for the child welfare fund also.
loss of time or waste of energy. work as adopted by the county is $25,- Though a number of largely rural
Maui has a reputation of doing things 000, but it is hoped that it will be pos communities, it has its parks and its
somewhat differently from the other sible to take money from other funds to playgrounds and is securing more land
islands and of leading them in the ac augment that fund. And in addition for such purposes, for the pleasure of
complishment of community undertak there will be appropriated $18,000 for the people.
ings. The reputation is well deserved indigent old folk. In its school building program it is
and has been won by doing things for Maui is among the leaders in recog in advance. It has had a program for
itself, not waiting for others, but tack- nizing that much which has been called new construction work of importance
Ling the job that is confronted. charity is not such, but is an obligation that has extended from before the
However, there is another outstand of the social, system and as such must present biennial period and is extending
ing reason for Maui's success in its be borne by the members of that so through and beyond the next. It is
undertakings, the spirit which the mem cial system, through taxes. Society the only island that has met the school
bers of the community manifest. That is to blame for the conditions that ex problem and housed the largely in
may be summarized in "Do for others ist and society must pay the conse creased number of school children with
and one does for oneself." Everything quences or later it will have more to out having to call upon the Japanese
of importance that Maui has accom pay for more serious consequences. for loan of some of their language
plished has been brought about by and With that end in view the county school buildings.
through unselfishness. Maui folks know through its legislators secured the right Japanese kindergartens are less need
they are a part of Maui and that each to levy a special tax to raise $200,000 ed than on other islands for there are
and every one shares in the benefits several kindergartens that supplant that
that are won for the community. Much need, but there is need of more such
is said of the "Maui Spirit". It is the institutions for several districts are
spirit of unselfishness. "Maui no ka oi" without them.
has a meaning all its own to Maui Since 1916 Maui has held five county
folk. fairs. It has fair grounds and build
Several years ago the Territorial ings which represent an expenditure of
Legislature passed a "Child Welfare $260,000 and on which all but $50,000
Act." On the floor of the legislature, has been paid, that amount being se
since, and in other places as well it has cured by a bond issue. It costs about
been asserted without denial that Maui $7500 to keep up the property. It was
County is the only one that has sought created and is maintained for all the
to live up to the provisions of that act people of Maui, is a splendid commu
in the assisting of mothers to keep their nity project. The annual fairs are
families together, a judicious assist held for all the people and Maui is
ance until the family can become self the only county that has been continu
supporting. ously having such fairs as an educa
Last year it was necessary to curtail tional as well as an amusement enter
appropriations for that purpose some prise. Their value is recognized.
what and one of the most prominent Mention has been made of the sani
citizens of the Valley Isle went before tarium and hospital fund. In Kula
HON. HARRY A. BALDWIN
the board of supervisors and said : Sanitarium is one of the finest insti
Hawaii's Delegate to Congress
"Reduce road work rather than go Maui's well beloved son and a tutions of its kind that can be found.
backward in child welfare work. I territorial leader It is for the public and when pay pa
268 0 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

tients are received they are not required ing progress toward completion and maintained for them. They have thea
to pay half what is charged at the ordi will be opened within three months. ters, the white employes on two plan
nary hospitals and sanitaria, though the Advantage was taken of the County tations have club houses and club
accommodations for pay patients are few Library Law. The county purchased houses for the laborers are in sight in
and the accommodations of any patients a site and building which with altera the near future.
are taxed to the utmost. It is establish tions cost $9000 of county funds. In In Americanization work, the Island
ing a wonderful record in numbers of 14 months it had accumulated more has been a leader and still keeps to
cases discharged as "arrested," the near than 6000 volumes and has established the fore. It has its night schools that
est to "cure" of tuberculosis that is 20 school and eight community branches. are doing excellent service in that di
known. It has a splendid plan in view Within two years it will have out rection. Other institutions mentioned
of cottages to be built nearby for the grown its quarters. It will get new elsewhere include Maunaolu Seminary
families who may thus make such pa ones, for that is the Maui way. for Hawaiian Girls and the Fred Bald
tients partially self' supporting and at the Figures are available as to the Boy win Memorial Home for aged white
same time lessen demand on the county's Scouts and the Girl Scouts and the men, and Maui Aid. Space does not
child welfare and indigent funds. Dr. growth of those organizations, two of permit of reviewing the splendid work
Durney deserves most credit for the the very best and finest in the world of all of these even in small detail-
progress making. today in the making of men and In churches the island is well pro
Malulani Hospital in Wailuku is a women. W. H. Hutton, formerly of vided for both for the Whites and the
marvelously fine institution for a small Honolulu, and Miss Frances Seibert Hawaiians and there are Chinese and
community. Dr. Osmers, county phy have put those two organizations at Japanese Christian churches as well.
sician is in charge and the patients are the very top in Hawaii nei. Where the need of a new church ap
cared for by Sisters. It has been al Welfare work is nowhere better con pears, the means for it are found. In
most entirely rebuilt and plans call for ducted than on Maui through Alexan that work Maui Aid especially takes a
the completion of the project very der House Settlement and Baldwin hand.
soon. It also takes pay patients and House, the former in East and Central When there is a need, meet it. When
accomodations are less than half what Maui and the latter in West Maui and something has to be done, do it. And
is charged at Queen's Hospital. Hana by the plantations. let that which is done be for the good
Hospital is smaller but is similarly con Nowhere in Hawaii are the laborers of all so that it redounds to the bene
ducted, except as to nurses. Dr. Lich- better housed or more done for their fit of each and not to the doer alone.
tenfels is in charge. Puunene. Paia and comfort and well-being. Not only have These things are what go to make up
Lahaina have their plantation hospitals. they good quarters but dispensaries are the Maui way.
It should be mentioned as to Kula
Sanitarium that it owes its existence to
the private funds that were generously
n"he Maui Aid Association
given in the earlier days of the project. By Rev. Ellis E. Pleasant, Missionary Hawaiian Board and Secretary* Maui Aid
Maui Chamber of Commerce decided THE Maui Aid Association became a istered. The business agent of the
it wanted to increase its sphere of use corporate body in 1909. The pur Board for Maui County is also the
fulness recently. It increased its dues pose of the organization, as stated in secretary and treasurer of the Maui
for certain classes of members, firms its charter, is to promote all good move Aid Association. All buildings and re
and corporations, and in two 'months ments on Maui—educational, social, pairs for churches and parsonages
it practically doubled its membership charitable and religious. Like nearly throughout the county are handled di
and increased its income threefold. all institutions of its kind on the valley rectly by the aid society. In the year
Recently the need of a home for island, it owes its being largely to the just closing three new parsonages, one
children was seen, for Maui does not generosity and public spirit of the Bald new church, two community halls and
like to have to be dependent on other win family, who took a leading part in one mission building have been erected.
communities and send its helpless, hap its organization. and extensive repairs made on two
less little ones to institutions in Hono Its work is varied in character owing other church buildings. The funds for
lulu that are taxed to capacity to meet to the many and peculiar needs of the these building projects are handled
the demands of that city. Old lumber island community which it serves. through the treasury of the Maui Aid
from disused buildings of Malulani Americanization work, a Japanese girls' Association. The local society gives
Hospital was given by the county : home, support of kindergartens, church aid to pastors in charge of churches,
other lumber was furnished almost at aid and theological training for local assists in providing means of transpor
cost ; the architect merely charged for pastors, are among its activities. One tation for their work, and in other
his time in preparing plans and specifi of the reasons for organizing the aid ways assists the work of the churches
cations and supervising the work : the society was to render the support given of the Hawaiian Evangelical Associa
Japanese contractor took the work at to religious work more efficient and to tion. At the present time 18 pastors
a very low figure. There was about make possible better local supervision. and missionaries are on the pay-roll
$10,000 available and $12,000 more was In this phase of its work the Maui Aid while five automobiles are provided for
needed to complete and equip the build Association is affiliated with the Ha the men having the most widely ex
ing. In five days more than that sum waiian Board of Missions, through tended fields.
was realized and the building is mak- which bodv church affairs are admin- (Continued on page 288)
ember, 1922. THE FRIEND 269

The
Maunaolu
Seminary
for
Girls at
Paia

Maunaolu Seminary girls at setting-up exercises

270 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

because from there the land was adver

Sketches of Lahaina tised (hoo-laha-ia-ka-aina) which by
contracting the phrase would spell La
Being the Most Complete Historical Account of the Ancient Capital and haina. Laha-aina, two words, which if
Present-day Seaport ever Published. further contracted, would spell Lahaina,
the present name.
By Charlotte L. Turner
Another Version
wife of Kamehameha I, though born in
The population of the district of La
VVailuku, was a resident of Lahaina.
haina in the very early days was most
Her mother's family had long governed ly spread out between Kekaa and Ka-
Maui. hakuloa. There was one king or chief
How Lahaina was Named—Tradition who governed all the land between
It is of interest to know what the Uku-me-ha-me and Honokahau. This
word Lahaina means and how it came king lived at or near Kekaa in the
to be called this. I will give in full locality of Kaanapali. He was known
Mr. Pogue's article on this subject. as the chief of the "Red Feet" be
cause the people of this place had red
One Version feet, discolored by the red dust of that
Hawaiian tradition tells us that the region. In the valley of Ka-u-wa-ula
first human residents of these islands there was a settlement of farmers, so
came from Kahiki. Whether by the one day this chief of the Red Feet and
word Kahiki it is meant they came his subjects visited the valley of Ka-u-
from Tahiti of the Society Islands, wa-ula, starting in the forenoon from
is a question, inasmuch as the word Kaanapali, passing through the present
Kahiki was used in early days for town of Lahaina, then only a hamlet,
anything foreign, as for instance, unnamed (there were no names in
the Hawaiians said plover migrated to those days). He started up from Lau-
MISS CHARLOTTE L. TURNER, Kahiki to have their young; Irish niu-poko for the valley of Ka-u-wa-ula
Active for many years in Maui's welfare potatoes are called uala—Kahiki or a little after noon. When half way
(foreign potatoes) ; pineapples are callthere it was early afternoon, the hot
LOOKING backward to a century ed hala—Kahiki or (foreign pandanus, test part of the day. The heat was
ago, what was the picture revealed or screwpine), the pineapple having even worse that afternoon than usual.
to those wdio first arrived in Lahaina somewhat a similar leaf to the pandanus. The chief stopped beside a large rock
from other lands? It was that of a Assuming then, that the word Kahiki and wiping the perspiration from his
small village stretching for miles along was used as a general expression for brow exclaimed, "Kau-keia-ka-la-hai-
a level, sandy coast. The stately coco any foreign country, we can better na." "What a hot day", which to make
nut palms had found their home there. understand the word Lahaina. The one word of two spells Lahaina.
It is supposed that the natives first first human came to Maui from Kahiki
brought and planted the seeds during From W. F. Pogue.
through the channel between Lanai and
their wanderings from the southern seas, June 7, 1920.
Kahoolawe, landing somewhere be
or islands. There too, could be seen the tween Launiupoko and Kekaa. Many Those Connected with Lahaina's Uplift
broad, spreading breadfruit trees, the years later they named the channel Ke- We must not forget that the gradual
bananas, and guavas, rows of sugar cane, ala-i-kahiki, meaning the road, lane, uplift of the Hawaiian people, and their
here and there a fish pond, and on some or trail to, not from, Kahiki. After wonderful development through the
sides dry vegetation. Hawaiian life, was landing at or near Lahaina, these immi flight of years, has been due to the
in its most primitive state. The many grants made many voyages from time consecrated men, and women, who in
thatched homes of the people, added to to time to what to them were foregn the early days, came to the Islands from
the picturesqueness of the scene. lands, or Kahiki, and telling the beau the New England coast, as missionary
ties and advantages of Maui in general, preachers and teachers. Here are some
Probably there is no portion of our and the locality from which they came, of their names : Richards, Stewart,
Valley Isle, around which gathers so in other words, "Advertised Lands." Thurston, Baldwin, Alexander, Dibble,
much of historic value as Lahaina. It They always left from, and returned to, Clark, Emerson, Andrews, Bishop,
was the former capital and favorite Lahaina, passing out through the above Pogue and others. These will ever be
residence of kings and chiefs. Even named channel but not always return associated with the foundation work of
the great warrior, Kamehameha the ing by that channel. When returning Lahaina's development, spiritually, and
Great, spent some of his time there. they always brought with them immi educationally.
In 1796 he consecrated numerous heiaus grants, goods, etc.
(or heathen temples) with the usual, rites One day the king, or chief, called Arrival of the First Missionaries
and human sacrifices. Others may be his people together to counsel as to a 1823 marked the arrival in Hono
mentioned. Kaahumanu the favorite name for the land of their adoption. lulu of the second company of mission
queen of Kamehameha 1, her birth Finally the council decided to call aries. There were twelve in this group.
place being in Hana, Maui. Keopuolani, their new home Lahaina (La-ha-aina) They were to be assigned to their va
December, 1922. THE FRIEND 271

rious stations throughout the islands.

Among these were Rev. William Rich
ards and Rev. Charles Stewart and
their wives appointed for Lahaina at
the special request from Keopuolani,
the highest chiefess in the islands,
widow of Kamehameha the Great. She
was then in Honolulu and had decided
to remove to Lahaina to make a per
manent home at her native Maui Island.
Her birthplace was in Wailuku. She
planned to accompany them over to
Lahaina. On the voyage she said to
them, "I wish to be your good mother
queen," and from that time, on she was
all that she promised to be. A very
close friendship was formed between
her and the mission teachers. On their
arrival in Lahaina she was careful in
seeing that they were well provided for.
granting them the greatest freedom.
She urged them to begin their teaching,
and she became an apt pupil. With all
the demands upon her time, incident
to her royal position, she never seemed
tb be too busy or too tired to study.
Just as eager in searching for divine
truth as learning to read, she often re
marked on the guilt of her ancestors
who worshipped idols. She said, "The
great guilt is ours, who know the good Baldwin House Settlement as Seen From the West
way, but do not walk in it." She stood
firm for Christianity, even in the midst would not be complete without mention and secular. They ruled the island of
of great opposition by some of her of Hoapili, a high chief closely con Maui for some time.
chief friends. She was the first one nected with Kamehameha I. He figured Hoapili built the first stone church
of royalty baptized in the islands. She as a leader in several important bat (cornerstone was laid Sept. 14, 1828)
erected the first house for the worship tles, which the great warrior carried in the islands, by the advice of Mr.
of God on Maui a few months be on. He possessed remarkable traits of Richards. Hoapili led the way and
fore her death took place (Sept. 18, character. He was a skilled astrologer, the people co-operated with him in
1823). She had previously requested spending nights in studying the posi money, material and labor.
that at her funeral there should be no tion of the planets, and principal stars Hoapili, while governor, proclaimed
heathen demonstrations, but that she in order to learn what would be the a law requiring parents to send their
be laid to rest quietly. This was the outcome of expected battles. He had children to school.
most notable funeral scene ever wit names for the largest stars. He was
nessed on the island of Maui. It stands Where Hoapili Lived
so constant in his observations, that he
as an example for all future burials, It may be of interest to know where
could at any moment tell the position
among rulers of nations. It is record Governor Hoapili lived in Lahaina. It
of each.
ed that Keopuolani was laid to rest in was on the road where the plantation
In 1823 he was appointed governor club house is now located, not far from
a substantial mud and stone structure of Maui, about the time of the arrival
which she had built not long before it. The building is still standing, a
of the first missionaries, Rev. William Japanese temple in close proximity.
her death. It was in the cemetery near
Richards and Rev. Charles Stewart. A This information was given me by Mrs.
the Wainee church. Some years ago
short time after he was married to Makakau, now 88 years of age.
King Kalakaua went through the
Kalakua, former wife of Kamehame
islands gathering the remains of royal Hoapilia-wahine
ha I, afterwards known as Hoapilia-
ty and placing them in the mausoleum Hoapilia-wahine once owned a tract
wahine.
in Honolulu. Those now living can
This was the first Christian marriage of land at the north of the town. Mr.
not definitely say whether those placed
on Maui. She was the mother of Ki- Richards once asked her why she did
in the Wainee cemetery were removed
nau and grandmother of the two kings, not plant coconuts upon her land. She
or not. Keopuolani's tomb may be
Kamehameha IV and V. Hoapili, and wanted to know of what use they
seen there, bearing her name.
his wife were firm friends of mission would be to her at her age. Mr. Rich
Hoapili, Governor of Maui aries and from them took every oppor ards said, "Where will the coconuts be
The early days in Lahaina's history tunity of receiving instruction, religious for your grandson, Kamehameha V?"
 THE FRIEND December, 1922.
272

She had not thought of this, so she heathen people among whom they
at once sent her little schooner to Puna lived and worked, but from the degen
for a cargo of nuts. We of today see erate sons of civilized countries.
the result in the beautiful coconut Cannon Balls, Playthings of Mission
grove near the present pineapple can
nery. True it is, "He, or she, who Children
plants a tree, plants for posterity." Mrs. Thurston, mother of Hon. Lor-
rin Thurston of Honolulu, was born
The Year 1827
in Lahaina and spent her earlier years
The year 1827 marked important
there. Two of the balls which fell in
events. For a number of years the
the Richards' yard at the time of the
missionary families stationed at La-
"insurrection" were for many years,
haina had suffered much inconvenience
playthings for herself and other mis
and exposure of health by residing in
the thatched houses of the natives. sion children.
Had it been possible at that time, the Lahainaluna
American Board would have sent out Lahainaluna, "beautiful for situa
a frame house, but for some reason, tion", was where there sprang into ex
conveyance could not be obtained, hence istence the high school and theological
Mr. Richards thought it advisable to seminary, thus providing a place where
On the Main Street of Lahaina
erect a stone house of moderate dimen the most capable pupils could advance
sions, one story and a half high, the a time. The Flawaiian people rose in in their education. As a previous paper
walls to be composed of a soft stone a body, headed by chiefs, in defense has given an account of the work. I
laid in mortar which woud be durable.
of the mission; 3,000 men armed to will only use this much as an introduc
This new building had just begun to tion to some historical facts not yet
be occupied when a startling event oc seize the ships."
mentioned.
curred. Another Statement
The First Hawaiian History
Arrival of Whale Ships "The threatened firing came at last. The first history of the Hawaiian
For many years Lahaina was visited Five cannon balls were discharged, all people was published by the mission
by whale ships, many in the harbor at of them in the direction of the mission school printing press at Lahainaluna in
one time, making it a base of supplies. house." At this point it is said, "The 1848, called the "History of Hawaii",
At this particular time, there appeared mission families took refuge in the which was written by some of the
in the harbor a large British ship. cellar. The next morning it was as pupils under the direction of Mr. Dib
Mr. Richards was quick to see that certained that one 9-pound shot must ble, their instructor. It was a small
trouble was near. Immorality was at have passed within a few feet of the book, which he used later as a founda
once marked. The missionaries de roof." tion for his large history, published in
manded that such proceedings be stop
There were other occasions when 1843.
ped, but the captains and crew simply He tells how he gathered the facts.
smiled and went on. Women were hid whale ships, from other nations be
side Britain, gave similar trouble to "In 1836 I made an effort to secure as
den on the ship.
the missionaries. The U. S. vessels at many facts as possible from the Ha-
A meeting was called of chiefs, Mr. waiians, while the important events
times. When the "government nego
Richards being present, and he was
tiation" was fully known, the firing were fresh in their memory, which if
assured that protection would be given
ceased. We see that the "mission lost, would pass into oblivion. Here
the missionaries. The government de
manded the return of the women that workers" were not in danger from the was my plan. I drew up a list of
historical questions and chose ten of
were on the ship. Still the officers the most promising scholars of Lahai
were stubborn and threatened the town.
naluna school and set them at work.
Landing the Crew I formed them into a class of inquiry,
A Statement then asked them to go to the chiefs
A statement of the landing of the and people and gain information which
crew is given. "Three boats, about 40 they could put in writing- and be ready
men, came ashore armed with pistols to read it. When that time arrived
and knives, bearing the 'Black Flag of each one was to read, and corrections
Death', and they surrounded the house were made on all compositions. 1 en
of Mr. Richards, evidently with the full deavored to make from these one con
intent of disposing of the inmates of nected and true account, and then the
the mission. Mrs. Richards, with a result was a volume prepared and
martyr's spirit, rushed between them printed in the Hawaiian language."
and her husband, saying, 'My only pro Just at this stage Mr. Dibble was
tection is my God and my husband.' obliged to return to the United States
This, coming from a refined, gentle, Wainee Hawaiian Church, Lahaina,
for health reasons. He returned in
woman, caused them to withdraw for Built by the late H. P. Baldwin 1843. Then he reports—
 December, 1922.
THE FRIEND 273
ratus consisted of three whaling tri
pods set up on adobe and stone mason
work. The crushing was done with
wooden rollers strengthened by iron
bands. He died in Lahaina, and his
burial place is on a flat on Mt. Ball,
back of Lahainaluna Seminary. It is
said, sometime before his death, he
asked his relatives that when he died
he be buried on Mt. Ball, for in
later years the gold miners from the
East would appear in Hawaii and dig
all the lowlands for gold, and in the
highlands nothing would be disturbed.
The Hawaiians of today believe he
really meant the cane planter, for he
has been ploughing and planting to the
very foot of the hill.
Rev. Sereno Bishop and Dr. Dwight
Baldwin
Some others who were identified with
Lahaina's history in a later period were
Baldwin House Kindergarten Rev. Sereno Bishop and Dr. Dwight
Baldwin. Mr. Bishop was born in Ha
Formation of a Royal Historical "Biographical Sketch" by Dr. Emerson. waii and had the distinction of being
Society "David Malo was born at North Ko- the first white child to see the light
"A Royal Historical. Society has been na, Hawaii, a few miles from the his of day in these islands. Five of his
formed by means of which much in toric Bay of Kealakeakua where Cap children were born in the house which
formation has been gained. To two of tain Cook came to his death. It Mr. Richards built, now the present
this student body we are especially in has been difficult in the later days to Campbell Park site. He was called to
debted, David Malo and S. Kamakau. gather correct data as to the details of Lahaina to be seaman's chaplain in
The latter wrote a very comprehensive his career because some things have 1835, remaining there nine years. He
record of the 'Life of Kamehameha I'." been obliterated which threw light upon then removed to Lahainaluna to be con
Kamakau reports, "A society was the past, and yet some of the older nected with the work there, remaining
formed at Lahainaluna according to students have gathered facts spoken twelve years, or until 1856.
our teacher's wishes." and written which are worth retaining. Mr. Bishop meant much to the work
David Malo's father was in some ca in Lahaina and to the many seamen
Officers of Historical Society pacity attached to the army and court from other lands. Seeds planted by
Kamehameha III, president ; William of Kamehameha I. In David Malo's him resulted in the grand avenue of
Richards, vice-president; S. Dibble, early life he was connected with the monkeypod trees on the road to Lahai
secretary; S. Kamakau, treasurer. high chief, Kuakini (Governor Adams), na from Lahainaluna.
The society lasted for three vears, who was a brother of Kaahumanu, and In 1877 Dr. and Mrs. Bishop moved
and at the death of Rev. Sheldon Dib it was just at this time that he was to Honolulu where they lived until their
ble the king removed to Honolulu be placed in a favorable position for an death. Mrs. Bishop was an able help
cause the legislature met there, and intimate acquaintance with the history, meet ; she was for many years actively
then the society came to an end. traditions, legends and old myths of engaged in teaching in the native
No doubt the present Historical So Hawaii. schools. She was a wonderfully active
ciety of Honolulu has reaped the bene "He was closely associated with a woman and very efficient.
fit of many historical facts collected favorite chief of Kamehameha I who She would often get up at 4 in the
at the first historical society at La excelled in Hawaiian lore. morning, get all the domestic work
hainaluna. "In ancient Hawaii it was at the (Continued on page 283)
David Malo, the Historian king's court that gathered those gifted
Just here it seems appropriate to with traditional lore. David Malo wrote
speak of one who took a leading part 'Hawaiian Antiquities,' 'Ancient Ha
in the formation of the "First Historical waiian Theories as to Nature,' and
Society" at Lahainaluna, David Malo, "The Origin of Things.' "—Emerson.
a graduate of the Seminary, and who It is said that David Malo once
became a celebrated "Hawaiian His owned a cane field and operated a rude
torian," furnishing most valuable in mill in Lahaina between the years 1840
formation pertaining to the past of and 1850. He made molasses and sold
Hawaii. I will give something from a it for home consumption. His appa
Lahaina Wharf
274 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

Alexander House Settlement

By C. S. Childs, Head Worker
THE precursor of the Alexander venerable missionaries were the par ing were held, concerts were given,
House Settlement was a Chinese ents of Mrs. H. P. Baldwin. evening recreations carried on and the
Mission located in Wailuku to which After the Settlement began function Settlement's influence on the life of the
Miss Charlotte L. Turner came to take ing it was found necessary to build a community grew apace. Since the first
charge in 1893. After seven years of residence for the workers and the pres head worker that position has been
this work Miss Turner and Miss N. G. ent residence was erected in 1901. Con filled by Miss Emily A. Babb, Miss
Malone, also formerly a mission worker tributions were secured on Maui, Kauai Nora Towner, Miss Lurena Merriman.
on Maui, were on a vacation in the and in Honolulu. Mrs. H. P. Baldwin Mrs. Cora C. Gossing, Leslie R. Matt-
East and while visiting "Settlements" was at that time and has been ever lews, and C. A. Puck (acting head
in Chicago, New York and Boston since one of the staunchest supporters worker ) and the writer.
conceived the idea of establishing a of the work. In 1909 when Miss Towner was head-
settlement on Maui. Both returned to While Miss Malone was gaining sup worker, a plan for erection of a gym
Wailuku and went to work to put port for the Settlement erection Miss nasium and swimming tank was put
this idea into concrete form. Turner was canvassing for a Chinese through and our present "gym", tank,
These two by dint of hard work, Church to be erected on a part of the and bowling alley were the result. The
much canvassing and presentation of land. To quote again from her "To swimming tank was donated by the late
their plans, finally secured contributions gether we rode on horseback about H. P. Baldwin and has been a great
enough to start building and also se Maui, personally meeting the people boon to the children ever since. The
cured the land upon which to build. (getting subscriptions) and our efforts Wailuku Sugar Co. and others helped
The land, about two acres, was deeded were a success." The "Mission's" to build the gymnasium building.
by the "Directors of the Wailuku work was then moved to this Church A reading room was finally opened,
Sugar Co. to the Hawaiian Board of of which Mr. Ting Ling was the first papers were subscribed, books were
Missions for Educational, and Christian pastor. Mr. Ting's children are now donated and finally a Library Associa
work only," reversion to the Sugar grown up and have taken up their share tion was formed which enlarged the
Company when no longer so used being of public life. One is a dentist on library and each year raised enough
a part of the deed. In 1900 work was Maui, one a poultry raiser and expert, money to keep the "Library" open at
begun. No stone was left unturned to and one has charge of the Chinese stated hours afternoons and evenings.
help along in the good work. Prison Home in Honolulu. This church is From this effort has grown the pres
labor was given by the county. Even still on the property and continuing its ent Maui County Free Public Library
the Mission workers (Miss Turner and work with Mr. Yee Kui as pastor. with a building of its own,- a compe
her assistants), literally "by the sweat The first workers of the Settlement tent librarian and staff, many volumes
of their brows" with hoes and other were Miss M. E. Huntington, head and public funds to keep it up.
implements did a share of the work. worker, and Mrs. Knowlton, kinder- In 1914 a committee of the Maui
The first building erected was known gartner. These two carried on neigh Aid Association took charge of the
as the "Settlement Building" and was borly visiting, advice, club work and Settlement's affairs and Rev. R. B.
situated on the corner of Main and teaching. Classes in English and sing Dodge as Secretary was very active
Market streets. It was completed and
opened in 1900, its main use being for
a kindergarten. This building stands
today, and has housed a kindergarten
continuously for these 21 years past.
The name "Alexander House Settle
ment" was chosen as Miss Turner says
because "It was customary to name
them (settlements) after the men and
women whose lives had been conse
crated to the uplift of humanity, hence,
the name 'Alexander House' after 'Wil
liam and Mary Alexander' the influence
of whose lives is still felt on Maui, and
throughout the Islands and whose
names we love to honor." These two
TNote: The history of the Settlement as
given here for the most part taken from
"Twenty-Seven Years on Maui," by Miss
Charlotte L. Turner, who was for many
years a mission worker on Maui and who
was one of the founders of the Settlement.] Alexander House Settlement, Wailuku
December, 1922. THE FRIEND 275

in the management. This committee a portion of the community. Like any movements looking towardss better
served until July, 1916, when the Alex rule this one has its exceptions, but public standards, is conducting investi
ander House Settlement Association that is the general principle upon which gations and trying to translate their
was formed and incorporated. Dr. a Settlement must work if it wishes revelations into practical measures of
\Y. D. Baldwin, who had always been to be a community organization. The betterment, and its building and equip
greatly interested in the work of the Settlement field is that of applied so ment, are turned over to other organi
Settlement, became the first president, cial science ; what we might call the zations and groups to conduct their
which office he has most eminently held firing line of our social, political, and own efforts in one or the other of
ever since. At this time the general economic theory. This field always these fields.
work of the Settlement had grown to represents the frontier between the The Boy and Girl Scout programs
such an extent that it was deemed best great body of theory and principle and (which work is under separately or
to carry it on without any affiliation the great body of condition and fact— ganized councils but has always bean
with specific religious work and such applying, adapting and proving or dis fostered and partly paid for by the
has been the policy up to the present proving the one to the other by con Settlement) are themselves covering a
time. crete expression. That is the field and large part of the field of education and
In 1916 land was also acquired on the fundamental principle adopted by training for life. There are now 15
which to build a tennis court ; later the Alexander House Settlement. registered troops of each on Maui and
a second court was constructed and From this point of view a Settlement several unregistered.
these two courts have always been should occupy a position of dignity and The work of the district nurse em
crowded. Four more courts are really honor in the community which is not ployed directly by the Settlement con
needed to meet the demand. In this always given it because of a lack of sists partly of acting as school nurse
year also the first district nurse on understanding of its functions and taking care of cuts, bruises and small
Maui, if not in the Territory, was em value. Getting down to the question ailments. But it also consists of sing
ployed and placed at Hamakuapoko. as to how this works out in terms of ling out under-nourished or sick chil
Her work proved so valuable that with a "settlement program," we find that dren, investigating their home condi
in a year she was placed on the plan the ideal settlement at least for a tions, finding the root of the trouble
tation pay-roll. Other nurses were em rural community would be covering the and applying the remedy, sometimes
ployed by the plantations and the Set following field of activities, although medical, sometimes social.
tlement for this work until today there the usual practice is to stress some of
are seven such nurses employed. The Settlement has in the past two
these and leave others to specialized
years worked out and printed a course
In 1919 a new field, or rather a new agencies.
of study in" physical training in the
organization of its field of endeavor Health Work
schools and supplied the workers to
gave the Settlement a much larger Recreation carry it out. Much of this course has
scope. At this time the plantations Morality
been adopted by the Department of
entered into an agreement whereby Fducation (extra School)
Public Instruction in its new Outline.
their welfare work was put under the Physical Training and Athletics
The Settlement has been instrumental
general supervision of the Settlement. Stimulating and Raising Public So
in getting land for playgrounds for
The budget was enlarged, the staff cial Standards
some of the schools and hopes to see
increased and the work has grown ac Social Investigation
every school on Maui with three acres
cordingly ever since. Today the staff Social Records and Statistics
devoted to that purpose.
consists of a head worker, associate Relief Work
head worker, a district nurse, a secre Acting as a Community Center We have helped to get school chil
tary, a part time gymnasium worker Undoubtedly different classifications dren to drinking milk ; we have or
for girls, a kindergartner and two as could be made, but our purpose here ganized community Christmas trees ;
sistants; and the Settlement also pays is to offer only enough theory to pre have done our share towards organiz
the salary of the local director of sent a background which will help to ing athletics on Maui other than in
Girl Scouts, largely contributes toward illuminate the work of the Alexander the schools. As each year goes by we
the Boy Scouts, and supervises the House Settlement. hope to be able to present studies of
work of both these organizations. This institution has progressed stead facts and conditions of various social,
That is, briefly, the history of the ily towards this ideal. Starting with problems together with suggestions as
Settlement, and now something as to a kindergarten and neighborly visiting to what to do about them, and also a
its present work and policies. it has increased its endeavors as fol study of the effect of plans that have
The "Settlement" as developed both lows. Class work of a kind for which been tried out.
in England and the United States is the schools did not provide, reading It is impossible to go further into
concerned with the social and moral rooms, a gymnasium, tennis courts, details of the Settlement's work. It
well-being of its community in both district nurse, organized athletics and might be summarized by saying that
concrete and spiritual form. But since physical training in and out of the it is constantly seeking to discover
its field is among people of many races schools, does a great deal of relief work those things that make the way of life
and creeds and of widely different either directly or indirectly by sup hard, that stand as black and ugly
economic standing it cannot restrict plying workers to other organizations, menace to either the individual or the
itself by adhering to any channel of work in the moral field, is developing community and to substitute for them
dogma or belief which represents only social statistics, has always fostered those things that will bring joy and
276 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

beauty and peace and ever strengthen perhaps giving the impression of brag made the Settlement possible deserve
our upward climb as a social body. ging. This has not been the spirit of the credit. Theirs is the pleasure too
of offering a statement of the work
To write an article on the work of this presentation and is not the Set
which might perhaps be of interest
one's own organization has the danger tlement spirit. The people and busi and help to other members of our
of putting one in a false position—as ness organizations of Maui who have Island Family.

Makawao Union Church

Philip Doddridge lived a century and

The Story of Some Hymns a half ago in Lancashire. He taught
single handed a theological school of
By Augustine Jones, Paslor Makawao Church some thirty students, and boarded a
THE long story of redemption is great hymn of worship is his, "Holy, dozen of them in his own home! Be
everywhere touched with song. In holy, holy." The great call to service, side this he was the busy and faithful
the beginning God created the heavens "The Son of God Goes forth to War." pastor of a church. The load was too
and the earth—and all the sons of God The graceful baptismal, hymn, "By Cool much. He died of consumption at the
shouted with joy. In the fullness of Siloam's Shady Rill." age of 49. It was his unique habit on
time God sent his Son into the world— Sir John Bowring at one time was Saturday when he had completed his
and there was with the angel a multi British Consul at Hong Kong, and by sermon to look again at his text and
tude of the heavenly host, singing a strange irony did much to fasten the compose a hymn to be sung by the
"Glory to God in the highest." At opium traffic on China. He was a choir on the following morning. His
last a great multitude that no man can fluent speaker of a dozen languages and many beautiful hymns all originated in
number out of every tribe and tongue a poet of no mean order. Though a this way. "Cast All Your Care Upon
and nation will sing the song of Moses Unitarian, he has given the church Him," was his text one Sunday, and for
and the Lamb. The Christian life at the undying hymn, "In the Cross of the first time the world heard the now
its highest is borne on song. Christ I Glory." At heart he was a familiar, "How Gentle God's Com
One of the most gifted of the sons missionary and gave us, "Watchman mands."
of the church was Reginald Heber. tell us of the night." Frederick Faber began as a clergy
After a brilliant school career he be Horatius Bonar was a rare soul and man of the Church of England a cen
came a rector in western England. One a most spiritually minded minister, for tury ago, but moved by the great ex
day he was sitting in his father's home many years being pastor of the Morn- ample of Newman went over into the
and the conversation turned on the need ingside Church in Edinburgh. He Church of Rome. He became the lead
of a missionary hymn for the service wrote many hymns that were used in er of a small group of monks of the
of the following day. Taking a piece his Sunday School but was reluctant order of St. Philip Neri. His hymns
of paper he withdrew from the circle to have them used in church. One was are many and of many different out
around the fireplace and soon returned so used, and a leading officer stalked looks. "Faith Of Our Fathers;"
with "From Greenland's Icy Mountain." out never to return. "I Heard the Voice "There's a Wideness in God's Mercy ;"
At the age of forty he was made Bish of Jesus Say." "Go Labor On." "He and "Hark, Hark, My Soul ;" these
op of India, and died at forty three in Liveth Long." "Upward Where the would hardly seem to come from the
a cold plunge after service on a hot Stars Are Burning." These are his same heart.
Sunday morning in South India. The most familiar hymns. (Continued on 288)
December, 1922. THE FRIEND 277

Maunaolu Seminar})
Hy May E. Nance, Principal

IN HAWAII, as in all lands where mis ter became principal, managing the the most effective of which was the or
sionaries have had a moulding influ school affairs and guiding the girls ganization of the grades. This was
ence, Christianity and education go hand with a loving heart through many trials done in 1904 by Miss Snow who was
in hand. and difficult situations. then principal. The next year the
Only a few years after the arrival of Diseases and quarantines afflicted and eighth grade was graduated—the first
those noble men and women who gave chafed the pupils. Fleas at one time in the history of the school.
the best of their lives for the natives, were so numerous as to cause serious Many girls have since been graduat
a school was organized in Wailuku consideration of disbanding the school. ed and have gone on to the high schools
( 1837) for the education of Hawaiian Water was scarce, cisterns of inadequate or to the Normal School where they
girls. This school flourished until 1849 size furnishing the only supply. Bathing prepared for the teaching profession in
when the building was burned. was an occasion for a trip to the gulch. which work they have been a credit
Seeing the gratifying results of the Financial conditions continued to be a both to the profession and to their alma
school work and the need of its con source of anxiety. The American Board mater. Others have gone into homes
tinuance, the Rev. C. B. Andrews, moved and the Hawaiian government helped of their own, rearing families and keep- *
by the true missionary spirit and as in a small way. The girls made and ing their homes in a way that reflects
sisted by a wife none the less en sold fancy work from which several their school training.
thusiastic, opened a "home-school" in hundred dollars were netted. Interest The course of study has been de
1860, near the village of Makawao, on ed people, then as now, helped support veloped by degrees until at present it
the slope of Haleakala, "the beloved worthy girls that they might reap is identical with that of the public
mountain." There girls were given a benefits from the efforts of faithful
schools, except that Bible study, home
home and were taught the rudiments of teachers. economics and music are greatly
home-keeping as well as English and With little water, no fire extinguish
stressed.
the principles of Christian living. ers, and only girls to battle, the all con
suming flames again had their way, and The equipment and improvements
The death of Mrs. Andrews in 1862 have kept pace with the academic and
made changes in the school manage a second time (1898) the school was
homeless. industrial work. The lighting system
ment. However, girls continued to
has passed through the kerosene and
come in until the building was full to After seven months the Haleakala
the acetylene stages to electricity. The
overflowing, and still more girls de school buildings were secured, and after
water problem was solved by piping
sired admission. two years, through the great gener
water in from the irrigation ditches for
The good work continued under these osity of Mr. H. P. Baldwin, the present
general purposes while a cistern of im
crowded conditions until 1869 when the building was erected, a change of site
mense proportions stores water from the
building was burned. being made in order that the girls
roof for drinking fountains installed
Two years later Mr. Andrews again might be within walking distance of near by.
put forth his efforts on behalf of the the church and that the school might be The kitchen is equipped with a three-
girls, and a new building with two nearer Paia, the source of supplies.
stories and a basement, largely financed oven French crude-oil range fed by an
Time passed by ; teachers came and
by the late Mr. II. P. Baldwin, was electric motor to take the place of the
went ; the school was headed by one
erected. For three years the East Maui old wood range. There is hot water in
earnest and tireless worker after an
Female Seminary, as it was then called, abundance for kitchen and bath-tubs,
other until eleven principals left the
grew, and many girls were firmly and there are cold showers for the daily
imprint of their efforts on the minds
grounded in the Christian faith, despite morning baths.
and souls of hundreds of girls, and the
the fact that finances were low and the In the last three years many needed
twelfth is now at the helm with a corps and much appreciated improvements
school was so poorly equipped that Mr. of nine assistants.
Andrews had to use his own furniture have been made. The teachers' rooms
Changes took place in the school as have all been painted in white and old-
for school purposes.
well as in the teaching force, one of ivory with dark floors making them
Again the management changed. In
December of 1874 Miss Helen Carpen- attractive and home-like. An added

May Day Festivities School Babies Off for a Hike

278 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

A School Wedding A Half Day Off

Graduating Class, '22

comfort is the screening of all sleep congregate on rainy days and have their The teachers find week-end pleasures
ing rooms to protect against the mo out of door pleasures, was built in 1912 and get needed rest at "Seabreeze," the
as a memorial to Mr. H. P. Baldwin. beach cottage, which was a gift from
squitoes.
While the girls do all the house Mrs. H. D. Sloggett when she severed
A new primary room was built—a her relation as trustee, but not her
room modern and complete in every work and cooking incident to the school
sympathy, with Maunaolu on her de
respect—a gift from Mrs. H. P. Bald life, by no means is it all work. Two
parture for Kauai.
win who is deeply interested in the troops of Girl Scouts flourish under
It is the aim of Maunaolu to develop
welfare of the school and of the girls. the captaincy of teachers; competitive the girl life of the islands through
Not only are the intellectual and the games supervised by the physical di study, work and a system of student
religious sides of the girls' lives cared rector, hikes, bathing at the beach, control into strong, noble, Christian
for, but the physical and social as well. Saturday night concerts, pictures and womanhood, that future lives and con
A hospital now makes it possible to plays all keep girl life at its best. ditions may be tremendously influenced
quarantine contagious diseases and to Plantation trucks, sent through the for good. The standard is high, and is
remove sick girls from the noise of the kindness of Mr. Tieman, are always being upheld by the board of trustees
dormitories. at the disposal of the school for a who continue with earnestness the work
A play-house, where "the girls may trip to the beach. so nobly and lovingly begun.

Lakainaluna School
By Charles S. Putnam, Principal

SOON after the first missionaries be sion did not care to expend much money ising young men from the various mis
gan their work in the Hawaiian on an undertaking of this sort till they sion stations on the different islands,
Islands, they came to realize the need were sure of support from their patrons they had little preparation for school
of some school for training young .men in the United States. To communicate work. They could read and write but
for teachers and helpers in the mission with the patrons would require months. poorly, and knew only the simplest
field. Rev. Sheldon Dibble in his The need for the school was urgent; rules of arithmetic.
"History of the Sandwich Islands" it should be started at once, and must, Gradually the conditions of the school
tells us that this question was brought therefore, be for the present at least improved. A more suitable and per
up for discussion in June, 1831, at the self-supporting. manent building with stone walls and
General Meeting of the Mission, and With these difficulties fully under a roof thatched with "ti" leaves was
that it was then resolved to establish stood, it was decided to begin the new completed just before the General Meet
such a school. At that time Lahaina school the same year. A temporary ing in June, 1832. The work was all
was chosen as the most suitable lo school-house, a mere shed of poles and done by the students, who were at the
cation for such a school and Rev. Lor- grass to protect from the sun, was same time attending school regularly,
rin Andrews, a missionary at that sta hastily thrown together; a house for except for a few weeks when they
tion, was designated as the first teacher. the teacher and his family was con were away in the mountains for timber.
Soon after this Mr. Andrews, with his structed in the usual Hawaiian man It soon became evident that the
friend and former associate, Mr. Rich ner of poles and grass ; and the school school must print its own books if it
ards, after examining various sites opened on September 5, 1831. were to have any. In December, 1833,
finally settled upon a spot about two The first students were a miscella a very poor Ramage press was received
miles up the slopes of the mountains neous lot, not very promising material from Honolulu with a few very much
above Lahaina. for a school. All were adults, as was worn type. A temporary building was
Once a site had been chosen for the indeed necessary from the fact that at once prepared for. this press. The
school, the next question was how to the new school must be self-supporting. first work turned out was the transla
proceed with no funds and with no Most of them were married. Although tion of some of the much-needed text
equipment. The members of the Mis- they were a selection of the most prom books. On February 14 the first num
December. 1922. THE FRIEND 279

ber of a newspaper called the "Lama The School and School Activities principles learned in the class-room. In
Hawaii" was published. The chief pur grade nine the work in general science
pose of this paper was to present mis is given a strong bias toward agricul
cellaneous matter for the use of the ture and everyday life.
school. The shop work fills a large place in
The work of the first few years of the school curriculum. As this work
the school was much hampered by lack is at present organized, a boy enters
of books. As the language of the Ha the printing shop in the sixth grade.
waiian Islands was an uncultivated and The work of the shop includes the set
unwritten one, there were no books in ting of type," the cutting and folding
Hawaiian, and names and terms for of paper, the preparing of forms for
many things were totally lacking. the press, and printing. Besides doing
Books had to be printed and names all the printing for the school, the
The Administration Building
devised. The use of books printed in boys in this shop do considerable job
English was out of the question as it work for local firms and individuals.
would necessitate the long and diffi At the beginning of the seventh grade
cult work of teaching the pupils a new a boy may elect to continue in the
language before they could make any printing shop, or he may take work
progress in their studies. in the carpenter shop. The aim of the
After a few years an important carpenter shop is to teach the names
change was made in the school. As and uses of the different tools, and to
the school was now assured of support apply the principles of carpentry in the
from the missionary association in the making of various useful articles. The
United States, the need for making it shop is well equipped with tools and
Carpenter Shop Boys Making Poultry Houses machinery. At the beginning of the
self-supporting had disappeared and
there was no longer the necessity for eighth grade a boy either elects to
adult students. It was, therefore, de continue in the printing or the car
cided that in the future only boys of penter shop, or goes to the machine
twenty years or under should be taken and forge shops. In the forge shop
into the school. the pupil is instructed in light forging
From this beginning Lahainaluna and welding, and in the use of the
School has developed to what it is now. power hammer. In the machine shop
As the knowledge of English spread he learns the work of the machinist
throughout the islands, the medium 01 and the tool-maker. He is taught
instruction was changed from Hawaiian floor and bench work, the use of the
Dining Hall
to English. Finally the school passed oxy-acetylene welding outfit, and is
from the control of the Mission to instructed in sheet-metal work. Spe
that of the Department of Fublic In cial attention is paid to the work of
struction. Five years ago the school the automobile mechanic. The machine
was placed under the control of a com shop is well fitted with tools and ma
mission of four, later increased to five. chines. All shops receive power from
The Lahainaluna School Commission a hydro-electric plant owned and oper
as now constituted consists of the ated by the school.
Chairman of the Maui Board of Super "How is Lahainaluna School sup
visors, the School Commissioner for ported?" No question is more often
Maui, and three others appointed by asked than that. The chief source of
the Governor. The other three mem Terracing Land for Alfalfa Growing support for the school is a biennial
bers of the board are at present Mr. The agricultural work of the school appropriation set aside for the use of
H. M. Wells, Mr. S. A. Baldwin, and is in the hands of a trained man, a the school, by the territorial legisla
Sheriff Clement Crowell. The School graduate of the College of Agriculture ture. This is increased somewhat by
Commissioner for Maui is ex-officio of the University of California. The the income from the school farm,
Chairman of the board. boys in grades seven, eight and nine especially from the forty acres of cane
The course of study at present in receive class-room instruction in agri that are grown and sold to the Pioneer
cludes five grades corresponding to the culture. The work is made more in Mill Company.
fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth teresting by many experiments per "What does it cost a boy to attend
grades of the public schools. The formed by the boys, full records of Lahainaluna School? What is the
work in these grades follows very close which are kept in note-books. Each tuition?" are other questions often
ly the work in the same years in the boy is given a small piece of ground asked and about which people in the
public school. Throughout the entire for experimental work in the various territory seem to know very little.
course much attention is paid to shop methods of plant propagation. The There is no charge for tuition or
work and to agriculture. In the high regular farm work furnishes many op board. The only way in which a boy
est three grades bookkeeping is taught. portunities for the application of the pays for the instruction and board is
280 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

by the work that he does. All the bread and honey are served, also coffee. at 5 :30 in the morning and work an
work of the school is clone by the Throughout the year fresh vegetables hour before breakfast. After breakfast
boys, and every boy has to work a cer from the school gardens, as well as four hours are occupied with recitations.
tain number of hours a week. The papaias and bananas, are furnished After dinner work begins again. For
boys sweep and mop the floors, and whenever available in large enough the afternoon work the pupils are di
clean the woodwork and the windows quantities. It takes about two months vided into two groups or divisions.
in the various buiLdings. At the din- in the fall to get the garden to pro One group goes to the shops for in
ng hall they do all the work connected ducing. After that vegetables are served struction and work, and the other group
with the preparation and serving of regularly till school closes in the sum does the work on the farm and what
food, and all the cleaning and dish mer. While the food is especially ever other work has to be done around
washing. On the farm they do all the adapted to the Hawaiian boys, the other the school grounds. On the following
work. They raise vegetables to sup boys soon come to eat it. That the day the groups change work. Thus the
ply the dining hall ; they tend the food is wholesome is borne out by the two groups alternate in the shops and
chickens, cows and other live stock ; fact that boys coming to the school, on the farm. On Saturday there is no
and they grow the green feed for these nearly always show a marked improve class-room work and no shop work,
animals. They do all the irrigation ment in general appearance after a few and only such other work as is neces
and cultivation on forty acres of cane, months. sary for carrying on the work of the
except that the harvesting and certain The school day at Lahainaluna School school.
other hard labor is done by the planta is organized as follows : The boys rise Continued on page 282
tion laborers. The boys in the shops
do all the repair work necessary to
keep the buildings in order. They re
place broken wall-plaster, fit locks to
doors, make repairs on plumbing, paint
and do the hundred and one things that
require the services of a repair man
around a school. Some of this work
is instructive; some is not; but all of
it helps in some degree to pay for the
privileges so generously given by the
territory.
Of course the work of the school
farm must go on during the vacations.
There is also some painting and repair
ing that cannot be done during the
school, year when the boys are occupy
ing the buildings. For this purpose
boys who request such work and who
have shown that they are capable and
worthy of it are retained and are paid
wages equivalent to those they would
receive outside the school. This fur Baldwin House Settlement
nishes boys an opportunity to obtain
By Cora E. Gossin, Head Worker
the money needed for the work of the
next year. Baldwin House Settlement is situated ary Home." That label is certainly
The board at Lahainaluna must in the midst of the business section of a misnomer at the present time when
necessarily be cut down to the lowest Lahaina on the street leading to the every room is used and the whole place
figure consistent with health. The Government school and not far from teems with busy activity.
school was originally filled with Ha the post office and wharf. The main This second period of service at the
waiian pupils ; and the board was, and building is the old Baldwin homestead old homestead began in 1900, when
still is, especially adapted to the Ha of coral rock and plaster, erected near Miss Xancy Malone decided that La
waiian. The staple foods are poi and ly a century ago. It was occupied by haina needed a kindergarten. She ap
fish. The fish is largely salt salmon ; Dr. D. D. Baldwin and family during pealed to Mr. II. P. Baldwin, who was
but fresh aku is used whenever it is his thirty-four years of missionary la ever ready to lend a hand in all good
in the market, and dried fish when ob bors in this district. In 1868 Dr. works. He instantly approved her idea
tainable. Beef is served three times Baldwin was transferred to Honolulu and offered to put up a building if the
each week. Occasionally throughout and for some years the old home was people of the community would supply
the year rabbits from the school hutch deserted, or occupied for short periods the furnishings and the Pioneer Mill
es supply the table, and when eggs are only. Doubtless it was during this Co. would contribute to the current ex
plentiful they are sometimes served. time that the picture was taken which penses. This plan met with general
Poi is partially replaced by boiled rice. appears in Baldwin's Geography (p. approval and was carried out under
At breakfast besides the regular staples. 99) over the caption "Deserted Mission Miss Malone's direction. The building
December, 1922. THE FRIEND 281

was erected on the grounds of the juvenile library is kept in the school, co-operative home and the popular
Baldwin homestead, almost on the room, which, by the way, is the same playground.
very site of that early Seaman's Chap room from which Father Baldwin in Lahaina has no public hall suitable
el, where Dr. Sereno Bishop held ser "the good old days" dispensed his pills for small gatherings, and so when
vices for so many years and where and powders, accompanied, doubtless, school hours are over, the bright, airy
little Henry P. Baldwin, at the early by much paternal love and advice. The kindergarten room is metamorphosed
age of seven, began to lead the singing old medicine shelves are now filled with into a free community hall. Here the
and to play hymns on the melodeon at books and the room is opened regu Girl Scouts have drills; here various
morning and evening prayer. larly when the children begin to come committees transact their business; and
When the kindergarten building was from school. Here, daily, may be seen here are held all kinds of evening en
ready for use, Mrs. H. P. Baldwin de from twenty-five to seventy-five chil tertainments. Here, also, are conducted
cided to start settlement work also. dren quietly reading, looking at pic the services of the Sunday School and
Accordingly, in 1901, she engaged both tures, or selecting books for themselves, the Community Church.
a kindergarten teacher and a settlement their parents, or elder brothers and sis Lahaina has no boarding place com
worker. With the consent of the H. P. ters who work during Library hours. fortable for single women. According
Baldwin heirs, who own the property, One hundred sixty-five children had ly, Baldwin House has, in late years,
it was decided to use the old home library cards ; three thousand and offered its extra rooms to young busi
stead for the settlement work and also thirty-nine books were loaned, and ness women, who join the family and
the workers' home. Since that be there was an attendance of eight thou carry on co-operative housekeeping.
ginning, workers have come and work sand five hundred thirty-one in this This is proving a pleasant arrangement
ers have gone but the work has never room during the school year of 1921- for all concerned and is an added form
halted. The Pioneer Mill Co. have 1922. Japanese, Hawaiians, Filipinos, of community service.
faithfully kept their agreement to as Chinese, Portuguese, Korean and Span
Perhaps the most popular feature of
sist in current expenses. Mr. A. W. Col ish sit around the tables together, smil
the Settlement is the playground, with
lins, while manager of that company, ing over the funny papers, or exchang
its beautiful old shade trees, its fresh
was a warm friend of the Settlement ing opinions as to whether or not a
green grass, its rings, swings, see-saws,
and always a helpful adviser. Mrs. certain book is worth borrowing.
horizontal bar and sand box ; its gay
S. M. Damon of Honolulu has contin The rather small Settlement Library hibiscus flowers and its bubbling drink
ued to contribute to the upkeep of this is supplemented by books from the ing fountains. Here, where once sweet
her childhood's home. Alexander & Maui County Free Library, of which it
Baldwin have made valued donations. Mother Baldwin dispensed open-hearted
is a branch. But, like little Oliver hospitality and gathered her Hawaiian
Mr. D. T. Fleming of Baldwin Pack Twist, the children call for "more" and friends about her for songs and for
ers, has been a friend of the Settle always "more". Therefore, ways and instruction in heavenly graces, the peo
ment and has generously assisted when means are now being considered for ple of the neighborhood now come and
repairs or improvements were needed. greatly increasing the juvenile depart go from dawn to dark, day after day,
But the greater part of the expense ment in the not too distant future. as freely as if they owned the place,
and all of the responsibility have rest The Baldwin House Evening School and the Girl Scout leader assembles
ed upon the capable shoulders of that was started about six years ago and her troop for songs and for instruct-
ideal leader, Mrs. H. P. Baldwin. has been in session every school year tion in modern efficiency. Here, where
Whatever Baldwin House has accomp since. There is no advertising, or so once the Baldwin children played with
lished has been due to her wise and liciting of pupils but September each their visiting friends; the Alexanders
motherly guidance. year brings as many applicants as the from Lahainaluna, the Oriental chil
The present activities may be grouped one teacher can instruct satisfactorily dren now meet their Hawaiian and
in six departments, three of which are in the limited hours, 6.30 to 9 p.m. European neighbors and join with them
distinctly educational, and three of a The primary objects of the school are in merry games or feats of skill on
more or less social nature. the teaching of English and the instill rings, swings and bar, with no glim
The three educational departments ing of American ideas and ideals. Ap mering thought that
are the Kindergarten, the Library and plicants are never questioned as to
"East is East and West is West
the Evening School. The Kindergarten their religion, but it is an interesting
is untler the efficient and happy direc fact that the majority of the students And never the twain shall meet."
tion of Mrs. John Robinson, assisted during these six years have either been How appropriate that these activities
most ably by Miss Elizabeth Spencer. or have later become attendants of the are being conducted under the auspices
There are also two capable Japanese Japanese Methodist Church, or the Fil of the descendants of the very mission
helpers, Miss Yae Kawasaki and Miss ipino branch of the same organization aries whose beautiful lives consecrated
Toyo Erita. or the Salvation Army. The national this home to unselfish service.
The Library has two sections—adult ities represented in the school are here How satisfastory it is that all de
and juvenile. Books and magazines given in the order of numbers enrolled partments of the work are crowded to
for adults are kept in the family living- —Japanese, Filipinos, Chinese, Koreans capacity and that the Settlement, though
room. Current Honolulu and Maui and Russians. small in scope and modest in endeavor,
newspapers are on an open lanai. All The three departments which we may seems to have made a place for itself
of these are available to the public at consider of a more or less social nature in the lives and hearts of the com
any hour of the day or evening. The are centered in the community hall, the munity it aims to serve.
282 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

eighth grade. There is no age require

<The William and Mary Parsonage ment. The tendency at the present is
THE William and Mary Alexander for the average age to become lower
Parsonage, situated in upper Wai- each succeeding year. This is an en
luku is one of the historic shrines of couraging fact, as it means that the
Maui, and a monument of the early school is receiving fewer boys who are
missionary clays. The house was built behind the grade in which they should
in 1837 by Mr. Armstrong who was be. However, it often happens that a
stationed in Wailuku in that year and boy has been forced to leave school at
remained six years. It was in this an early age and then later finds it pos
house, which was Mr. Armstrong's sible to attend school for a few years.
home for most of those six years, that Such a boy naturally feels ashamed to
his son, General Armstrong, who fought enter the public school even if he were
through the American Civil War and allowed to do so. Here he feels less
who was the founder of Hampton out of place, and if he is not too old
Institute in Virginia, was born. and is willing to work, he is welcome.
Mr. Clark came to this station in Remembering the early history and
1843, remaining five years and was suc traditions of Lahainaluna those in
ceeded by Mr. Conde who remained charge have felt that some attention
eight years. It was in 1856 that the should be paid to the spiritual side of
long pastorate of the Rev. Willaim P. man's nature. Since the school con
Alexander began. For 28 years this tains boys of many religious beliefs,
was the parsonage of William and no religious teaching that is at all sec
Mary Alexander and their family. At Work in the Canefield tarian can be allowed. School is open
After the death of Mr. Alexander the ed every day with a hymn, the reading
building passed into the hands of Mr. not a piece of level ground large enough of a selection from the Bible, and the
Bailey until about 17 years ago, or in for a good playground. The only recitation of the Lord's Prayer. On
1905, the property came into the pos ground available is hard and rocky Sunday a Sunday School is held in
session of Mrs. H. P. Baldwin. It had and not large enough for a baseball the forenoon ; and in the evening the
been her girlhood home and held for diamond. There is no running track boys, with the help of the teachers,
her many sacred associations. Her chil and no gymnasium. However, with all conduct a meeting in the assembly-hall.
dren bought it and presented it to her. these handicaps the boys give a very Whenever possible speakers from out
The house was restored and fitted up creditable showing in athletics. The side the school are secured for this
to be the parsonage home of the school has a baseball team and a bas meeting. At the dining hall grace is
Hawaiian Board's missionary for cen ket-ball team of which it has no reason asked before each meal by some boy-
tral Maui. Rev. and Mrs. R. B. Dodge to be ashamed. At the All-Maui Field selected by the officer in charge from
lived here during aLl of their 14 years Day a year ago the school, obtained a group who have signified their will
of missionary service on Maui, and first place in the intermediate class and ingness to do this. On the first Sun
their successors. Rev. and Mrs. E. E. . was close to the winner in the junior day of each month the boys are al
Pleasant now occupy it. In all this lowed to attend their respective church
class.
time it has been a center of Christian Lahainaluna School is semi-military es in Lahaina, and boys that so desire
hospitality and its prophet's chamber in organization. The regulation uni may be excused at other times to at
has been frequently occupied by min form is of olive-drab cotton with a tend church services in the town. At
isters and other religious and social boy-scout hat. For everyday wear to present four students from the school
workers who have visited Maui. classes and to study-hall the uniform are regularly teaching Sunday School
In 1919 Mrs. Baldwin deeded this coat has been discarded and the boys classes in one of the Lahaina churches.
property to the Maui Aid Association wear blue chambray shirts and black The question is often asked how
with the understanding that it should four-in-hand ties. There are two regu large a proportion of the enrollment
continue to be used as a parsonage lar drill periods a week. The boys' of the school is Hawaiian. The school
for the Board's missionary. rooms are regularly inspected by the was founded as a school for Hawaiian
The building architecturally follows teachers and the student officers. The boys. There were at that time no other
lines that were common in early mis opening exercises each morning are
sionary days, with its thick wall of preceded by the singing of "The Star-
stone and mortar, narrow windows and Spangled Banner," and the salute to
deep window seats. the flag. The drill work is under the
charge of one of the teachers who is
also a captain in the National Guard.
Lahainaluna School The requirements for admission to
(Continued from page 280) Lahainaluna School are very simple.
With so much time given to work A boy must be ready for the fifth
there is, perhaps, less time for play grade or a higher grade. Boys are
than might be desired. The school has not taken into the school above the The Island of Lanai from Lahainaluna
 December, 1922. THE FRIEND 283
boys in the islands. As those of other Father and Mother Baldwin as they their history, which I have personally
racial ancestry have appeared among were often called, opened their home to secured from various sources. At pres
the population of the islands, the make all. Officers and masters of ships ent there are very few of the older Ha
up of the school has gradually and in were the recipients of their wholeheart waiians living. On my various visits
evitably changed. At the present time ed hospitality. in Lahaina I went to the home of one
the enrollment is about forty per cent of the older residents, Mrs. Makakau,
Their Work
Hawaiian. Considering the relatively 88 years of age. Her memory was clear
small proportion of Hawaiians in the Dr. Baldwin was physician for the
mission families, and the government and she was pleased to be asked to look
public schools and in the various pri into the days gone by. Here are some
vate schools, this is a very creditable physician for Maui, Molokai and La-
of the facts which she and others have
showing for the Hawaiian people, and nai during the dreadful smallpox epi
given :
suggests that they are holding their demic in 1853. He was constant in his
ministrations, taxing his strength al Canon
own. Still there must be throughout the You may have observed along the
islands a great many Hawaiian boys, most to its limit. He was obliged to
cross the channel to Molokai and La- waterfront, near the court house, sev
who for one reason or another cannot eral mounted cannon pointing seaward.
continue in the public school in their nai often when the weather was very
stormy, and too, very dangerous. He These probably played their part at or
own community, and who cannot spare near the old fort just east of the court
the time or money to go away to take never hesitated for a moment when the
call came, night or day, but hurried on house. They were the "Guard of Pro
a high-school course. To such this tection" against the intrusion of whale
with his little bag, stepped into a
school offers a great opportunity to ships such as I have spoken of pre
double canoe and was off to Lanai and
gain an education through the ninth viously.
from there he took a whaleboat to
grade, to get a start in a trade, and to
Molokai. The Court House
make themselves better citizens of this
It was not unusual for Dr. Baldwin
territory. The court house is more or less of
to take a trip of '80 or 90 miles on historic importance. Within the yard
horseback to visit patients in Hana. It stands the wide spreading banyan tree.
was a long and tedious journey, taking The question is often asked, "Who
Sketches of Lahaina several days. It is probably due to the planted that tree?" and here is the an
(Continued from page 273) wonderful vigilance of Dr. Baldwin that swer, Hon. W. O. Smith, now living in
done, and teach her children before 9 during the smallpox epidemic the num Honolulu. It was in the year 1873,
o'clock, then go to a native school and ber of deaths was lessened, there being when he was 23 years of age, nearly 50
work for six hours. Such is a glimpse only 200 deaths. On Oahu there were years ago. Many scenes have taken
into her busy life. 15,000 deaths. The epidemic lasted place beneath its shade worthy of his
In recognition of Mr. Bishop's liter three months.
toric note. He too, planted for the
ary and scientific attainments his col Mrs. Baldwin future.
lege (Amherst) conferred upon him the One of the early recollections of Mrs. Mr. Smith was appointed sheriff of
degree of D.D. Baldwin was her missionary work in Maui and lived in Lahaina a little less
Dr. and Mrs. Dwight Baldwin her school which she held for the Ha than two years. He speaks of a road
waiian women, beneath a grape vine at that time, on the east side of the
Dr. Dwight Baldwin and Mrs. Bald court house lot, and on the other side
win arrived in Honolulu in 1831, after which covered a framed lanai just off
her bedroom. Here surrounded by the of this road was a canal which led from
a long voyage of five months around
the sea back to a pond of fresh water
Cape Horn. After a few months in women, twenty to thirty or more, she
would teach sewing, knitting and various just mauka of the country road. This
Honolulu he was appointed to Waimea, canal was so large that whale boats in
Hawaii. He remained there three years, kinds of work. She also taught singing, former times used to pass thru it to the
from 1832 to 1835. He labored in a having herself a strong, sweet and lead
ing soprano voice. pond. On the mountain side of the
field ranging over sixty miles.
On account of ill health they were It was in Lahaina that for thirty- main road and the west side of the
pond was a two-story house called the
transferred to Lahaina, Maui. After four years Dr. Baldwin did his great
French hotel.
resting for a time, Dr. Baldwin was life work, and the present Baldwin
In later years there was a narrow
given charge of Lahaina mission in House Settlement stands as a monu
ment of long ago, sacred to the mem bridge across the canal, directly east
1836. The population of Lahaina at
from the court house, which was called
this time was over 4000. He and Mrs. ory of those who once lived there, and
consecrated their lives to Maui's uplift. the "Bridge of Sighs" because it led
Baldwin lived in a coral and plaster
to a saloon.
house, then known as Baldwin Home. Recent Information Gathered of Things
The passing years brought eight chil and People Connected with the Former Structures of Royalty
dren to brighten the home. Dr. Bald Past History of Lanaina Soon after leaving the Lahaina
win having two professions, he touched The Lahaina of today shows a mark armory, on the left hand side as you
the lives of the people spiritually and ed contrast to the Lahaina of the past. approach Lahaina, you may have seen
physically. He labored much for the Many of the old landmarks have dis two old adobe and coral rock buildings.
spiritual welfare of many seamen, for appeared, but here I would note a few The one next to the Kamehameha III
sometimes there were as many as 120 of those remaining as a link between School was the home of Laahili, a chief,
whale ships in the harbor at one time. the past and present, and a little of and the other toward Olowalu (but re
 THE FRIEND December, 1922.
284

cently taken clown) was the gathering started at Lahaina by order of King We will be pardoned, however, a bit of
Kamehameha III. He knowing by per real amazement that Architecture is
place of various ones of royalty.
sonal experience the evil of intemper taken as an illustration of creative
The Capital ance, led in the reform. The liquor progress. Greek temples to sky-scrap
Kailua, Hawaii, was the capital of which had lain for a year in the king's ers! And is that evolution? We had
these islands during the reign of Kame- cellar untouched was emptied into the thought,—but really, it serves little
hameha I. Later Lahaina gradually purpose to cavil. Other, and more
sea.
came into importance, and in 1840 the First Newspaper hoary conceptions of life beside those
first meeting of the legislature was held pertaining to art and letters have been
The first newspaper published in the
there. We may say, therefore, that Pacific ocean was the "Lama Hawaii," readily thrown aside if they failed to
Lahaina was then recognized as the at Lahainaluna, February, 1834.—Prof. aline themselves with a theory that is
national capital. William Alexander. now being peremptorily called to stand
The legislature met for the first time and deliver.
at Honolulu April 2, 1845, making it Churches But our chief interest centers on the
seventy-seven years ago. This was The first Wainee church was made two types of Christianity Dr. Palmer
during the reign of Kamehameha III, of coral, and later destroyed by fire. discusses. What he characterizes as
so this date may reasonably be taken The present church of wood was built "Imitative Christianity" gets all the
as the time when Honolulu was official by Hon. H. P. Baldwin about the year credit in his treatment that is due it
ly recognized as the capital.—From the 1894. doubtless and is clearly subordinate to
Archives Building by Mr. Lydecker. that which he designates as "Creative."
The Hale Aloha Church
Also a similar statement given by Judge There will be a number of reader>
S. B. Dole. The Hale Aloha Church was built be who will rejoice that they are not shut
fore the arrival of Lord Paulet, who up to the Christianity covered by the
First Constitution
pulled down the Hawaiian flag in 1843. names "Imitative" and "Creative."
It was in Lahaina where the follow It was first named'"Halelai", but when
ing events took place : Doubtless there are Christians who
the flag was restored the Hawaiians
The draft of the first constitution was might be characterized by the term
changed the name to "Hale Aloha"
made during the reign of Kamehameha "Imitative", who walk after the not ig
(House of Love), because of their
I'll in 1839 in the Hawaiian language. noble slogan "What would Jesus do?"
gratitude to God for the restoration of Such will doubtless continue to teach
The council there gathered was aided
their flag. us much concerning the application of
by certain graduates of the Lahaina-
luna School.—From Prof. William Conclusion Christ's teachings to the affairs of com
Alexander. History is still in the making. Kame mon life even though it involves auto
Declaration of Rights hameha III had a thought for the fu mobiles, primary elections, etc. "Adap
A Declaration of Rights was signed ture of Hawaii when he said "The his tive Christianity" might we not call it.
by Kamehameha III in Lahaina, and tory of all the islands should be pre and could it not be well-nigh as potent
promulgated June 7, 1839, which may served from first to last." This remark as "Creative"?
be known as the Magna Charta of Ha was made at the meeting of the first But if "in Him was life and the life
waiian Freedom—From Prof. William historical society. was the light of men",—if in Him we
It is our privilege and duty to care walk in "newness of LIFE", we, who
Alexander. fully record the events of the present, are Christians should expect a number
Legislature Meets so soon to become the events of the of things that are not "Imitative." Just
April 26, 1843, the legislature met at past, to which those of the future may as He unerringly "knew what was in
Lahaina. Here a complete register was refer. Not only this, but each of us man"—how much to "render unto Cae
made for the first time of all the lands may have a place in this record, wheth sar"—what "things defile a man"—
in the kingdom. This occupied ten er along the line of humanitarian ser- whether the Old Testament "testified"
weeks. vice, or in planting and beautifying for of Him and whether "Moses and the
First Temperance Society the future, thus adding to the scenic prophets and the psalms" were reliable,
The first temperance society was value of our beautiful valley isle. so the Spirit of God may reproduce
Him in our lives, both to "will and to
a 5) do His good pleasure."
He Who Is Our Lift "Imitative Christianity" may "have
its definite limitations," but LIFE—who
(A Rejoinder) will limit it? The inference that Dr.
A MOST stimulating article is that of or accidentally employed. And so. if Palmer would have us draw that the
Dr. Palmer's in the last issue of in only lesser degree, we feel safe in "thought forms" of our age are so
the FRIEND entitled "Creative Chris taking hold of Dr. Palmer's words with much better than those of the apostolic
tianity." It is a good example of the assurance that he really meant age that we, if we had the chance, could
graceful style, well chosen diction and them. produce a more "direct" view of Him.
genuine fervor. Few of us will forget We pass over the allusion to evolu less "colored and prismed" than they
the tribute paid by Ruskin in his clas tion, which is timely enough, with only did, suggests agreement with H. G.
sic Queen's Gardens to Milton's exqui so much of obscurity as seems to be Wells that we need a new Bible. All
site choice of words—not one loosely inherent in the treatment of that theme. this is abhorrent to many of us, believ
December, 1922. THE FRIEND 285

ing as we do that "holy men spake from "even unto the end of the age," He Palmer's later statement (quoted)
God as they were moved by the Holy knows now. And we "have the mind "What the church needs supremely is
Ghost" in the production of our Bible. of Christ"—or can have. an evangel"—and in specific terms—"a
It is quite thinkable that if God wanted The fact is, LIFE is creative enomjh burning, thrilling, heroic message from
to "send forth His son" for the first to meet the demands of any age. We the heart of God to a sinful world."
time in the time in which we live (pro cannot any more outgrow LIFE than With all our hearts ! That sounds like
vided it was in accord with His "full we can outlive TRUTH. Each succes terminology on which we were all
ness of time") he could find men to act sive generation since the world began brought up. Now if the message of
as media, but would they do it any bet has been "modern" and fancied itself God is to be found anywhere it is the
ter than it was done two thousand years superior to its predecessor, so having "glorious gospel of the Son of God."
ago? We believe it to be an offense invented new terms and new "thought To belittle this message or create a
against the Holy Spirit to maintain any forms" must needs believe that Truth new one, focussing our attention on two
such claim. itself was a child born only yesterday. evils—economic injustice and war—is
Impugn the credibility of the chief But "the Way, the Truth and the Life" to depart from the only Christ we can
witness as many of our modern pulpits is the same "yesterday, today and for know-— from Him who gauged all evil
do (whereas such was formerly the ever." by the attitude of human hearts toward
function of the Paines and the Inger- "Creative" ! It is a good word, God. For He appeared to deal with
sols) and what sort of Christ is left to coupled with the "heir of all things, no outstanding evil of His day. yet in
the pew? through whom also He made the proportion as He has been received.
As to the problems "which Jesus worlds . . . upholding all things by the He has changed the face of the world.
knew not of," we cannot stomach the word of his power." That is the Cre Evil !• Aye, it is of the heart, before it
phrase. For even if He (who said he ative CHRIST. As to the thing called breaks out in industrial unfairness and
was "one with the Father") did "empty "Creative Christianity," (the organized wars of all kinds.
himself" to the extent the "kenosis" kind) we have little confidence, that it By all means a revival of religion !
people would have us believe. He knows can create anything—unless it be con And we predict that it will be in con
now. He who is at "the right hand of fusion, as some hold it has. formity with Christ's order. "Love thy
power," but promised to be with us We are in total agreement with Dr. God with . . . heart, soul, mind, and
strength" : then doubtless it will show
itself in obedience to the second com
We Are All Working Men and Women mandment—"and thy neighbor as thy
self." The "social gospel" people have
Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law (Continued on page 288)
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286 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

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December, 1922. THE FRIEND 287

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288 THE FRIEND December, 1922.

(Continued from page 285) the last three years this level of at That Will Not Let Me Go." His triumph
long been trying to grow fruit on dead tendance and teaching force has been over his tragedy is suggested in the
branches. Put God first and personal maintained. Socials, illustrated travel second stanza,—"O Light that follow'st
allegiance to Him and there is some talks, special meetings with outside all the way, I yield my flickering torch
chance for fruitage in right human re speakers, etc., are held in the interest to Thee."
lations. The order has never been suc of a broad Americanization program.
One of the strangest and most ro
cessfully inverted. On the other hand, The aim of the work is to improve the
mantic friendships in the history of
in all mission lands wherever Christ's general morale among the men and
the church centers around the "Olney
gospel of repentance and faith toward make them both efficient and loyal Hymns" as they are called. John
God has been faithfully preached, the members of the community. Newton was the blaspheming master of
men and women who preached it, have The officers of the Association are a ship in the African slave trade, and
touched society at every angle in the as follows: president, F. F. Baldwin; nearly died more than once of incon
best "welfare" work that has ever been vice-president, Dr. W. D. Baldwin; ceivable hardship. At thirty he was
done on this sad old earth. Look at secretary and treasurer, Rev. E. E. converted and at thirty-seven was or
Hawaii eighty vcars ago. T. R. Pleasant ; auditor, Mr. D. C. Lind dained clergyman of the little country
say. The work of the Association is church of Olney. William Cowper.
carried on through committees appoint seven years younger, was of a frail
The Maui Aid Society ed by the president at each annual
(Continued from page 268) physique and sensitive, poetic mind. He
meeting. was offered the position of keeper of
The Wailuku Japanese Girls' Home the rolls in the House of Lords, and
(often called the Kanda Home, since one the night before he was to assume
Mr. and Mrs. Kanda have been in
his responsibility tried three times to
charge of it from its beginning eleven
commit suicide. Months of horrible
years ago and are chiefly responsible
agony in an asylum followed. Some
for its existence) is caring for 54 girls.
A committee composed of members of years later Newton met this frail reed
the Maui Aid Association has general shaken by the wind, and took him into
oversight of the home. Four years his Olney rectory. Newton suggested
ago an American worker was secured. that together they should furnish the
Miss Edith Parsons, who lives in the hymns for a new church hymn book.
home and assists in the supervision of Poor Cowper contributed some sixty-
the home life of the girls. The physi five,—among the rest being, "There Is
cal equipment includes two large dor a Fountain Filled With Blood;" "Oh.
mitory buildings and a separate build For a Closer Walk With God ;" "Some
ing containing dining room and kitchen times a Light Surprises;" "The Spirit
—all located in beautiful and spacious The residence of Mrs. H. P. Baldwin, Breathes Upon the Word." After an un
grounds in upper Wailuku. Mr. Kanda Makawao, Maui successful attempt to drown himself in
has in mind the extension of this work- the River Ouse, he came home and
to include a boys' department. ^Tke Story of Some Hymns wrote "God Moves in a Mysterious
Americanization work on Maui was (Continued from page 276) Way." Newton wrote two hundred and
early undertaken by the Maui Aid As Newman himself when a young man fifty of the hymns. He had poor Cow
sociation and effectively organized all was traveling on the Continent, his per in mind when he wrote, "How
over the island. A special committee soul in turmoil over the confused Sweet the Name of Jesus Sounds; . . .
of the association has charge of this voices of the world, each claiming to It makes the wounded spirit whole and
work, which centers in the night schools speak with authority. Heartsick, heals the troubled breast." Newton
for the teaching of English. At the homesick, lonely, he was sitting on the also contributed the beautiful Sabbath
present time the number attending deck of a ship on the coast of Sicily hymn,—"Safely Through Another
these night schools exceeds 400, and one evening as the night was dropping Week;" and the great missionary
26 teachers are employed in the schools upon the sea, and in the fading light
words, "Glorious Things of Thee Are
which meet three evenings a week. For penned the immortal lines, "Lead, kind
ly light, amid the encircling gloom. Spoken.
The night is dark, and I am far from Time would fail to tell of Clement
home ; lead Thou me on."
and Bernard, of Luther and Zinzen-
George Matheson, though a writer of dorf, of Wesley and Watts, of Fanny
many books is best known for a single Crosby and Frances Havergal, who
hymn. At the end of his theological through their undying hymns have kept
schooling he became blind, but un
the church upborne in the faith that
daunted continued his ministry through
a long life of usefulness. His hymn the old, old story is ever the new, new
The coast of Maui sings a song in the night. "O Love song.
 THE FRIEND
80 TEARS!
N 1 843 The Temperance Advocate (now The Friend) was

I founded in Honolulu to combat open license and the ram

pant evils of a whaling port.
Eighty years later The Friend publishes an account of an
oratorical contest conducted by the Anti-Saloon League, par
ticipated in by young people from every island of the group
and representing five racial strains. An educational program of
tremendous import!
In 1 820 the American Board began work in Hawaii.
One hundred and three years later The Friend features a re
port by Dr. Brewer Eddy, associate home secretary of the
Board, of changing conditions in the Orient due to the influence
of Christian missionaries, and a message of optimism concern
ing the sincerity of purpose back of pledges made at the Wash
ington Conference. This message is of tremendous significance
to Hawaii, for whereas there were no Orientals here at the time
the American Board work was begun, the last census shows
109,000 Japanese, 23,000 Chinese and 21,000 Filipinos.
Y. M. C. A. work was begun in the Orient in 1 888
Thirty-five years later Dr. Sherwood Eddy, a member of the
International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., writes of "Chinas
Christian General."
With the third company of missionaries to Hawaii in
1 828, came Dr. Peter J. Gulick. In this issue, his grandson,
Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, secretary of the Commission on Inter
national Justice and Goodwill of the Federal Council of
Churches of Christ in America, records his observations of the
New Orient, while on an official tour.
Hawaii has changed in eighty years from a remote mission
station to an important commercial, educational and religious
center in the arena of world events.
In celebrating its eightieth birthday The Friend rejoices
in opportunities for service yet undreamed!

HONOLULU JANUARY, 1923 HAWAII

/
 THE FRIEND January, 1923

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THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JANUARY, 1923. No. 1

Dr. Brewer Eddy on Hopeful Signs in fhe Orient

IN FRESH touch with the political conditions in Japan the American Board Missionaries in China he said,
and China, and with the memory of thrilling experiences "In all the world there is no group of workers that excel
in the more unusual parts of his journey in the far interior our North China Mission. They are broadminded, force
over the Yellow River into Shensi, Dr. Brewer Eddy was ful, attractive folks and we can be proud of them and con
in Honolulu, January 8th to 1 7th, en route to California. tent in their work. The American Board stands high in
He was in the Orient for five months, every day of China and rightly so as long as such workers represent
■i
which dramatic evidence of changing conditions was before us.
his eyes. (He was the only white man in the Shensi dis At the University Club and again at Central Union
trict this year with the exception of a small group of mis Dr. Eddy laid strong emphasis upon the new political
sionaries and two cigarette men!) situation in Japan resulting from the Washington Confer
Rev. Watts O. Pye, proclaimed by Dr. Scudder upon ence. He believes that the Liberal Party can be trusted
his return from the Orient in 1920 "The American to keep its pledges and play fair.
Board's great missionary strategist," has made that field He said in this connection:
famous and Dr. Eddy brings word that 3000 new men The Premier, Baron Admiral lyato, has pledged him
were brought into the church in that district during the self publicly to carry out the new principles agreed upon in
year just ending. Washington. His record and character are proofs of sin
In addresses before the University Club and at Central cerity. Years ago at the time of a national scandal in
Union Church Dr. Eddy gave living pictures of the Shensi the navy he was the man of the hour trusted by the whole
field. He dwelt upon the devotion and enthusiasm that nation. As leader of their delegation in Washington he
have been stirred in the hearts of the people. He told bore the responsibility of decisions that meant a complete
that business men and farmers are giving two months of reversal of their ambitions in China. No one can talk with
their year to voluntary Christian service. That their mes him a half hour and yet doubt his honor. Conferences
sages to neighbors are of Christ and Christian progress in with the home minister, Mr. Mizuno, and formal luncheon
community life that has in it the note of conquest. He with his staff, interviews with Vice Minister Hanriharra
met individual laymen who brought in from twenty-five to for Foreign Affairs, dinner with Count Uchida, the foreign
thirty new members each during the past year. In fact, minister, (at which I had the honor of taking out the
the evangelists have been instructed that it is not their Baroness Shidehara the ambassadress to America) and
business to look for new members. Other stories of mis many interviews with leaders in the government, left us
sionary zeal and accomplishment are equally thrilling but with the opinion that the new day hoped for has actually
space forbids a recital of them. It is a significant fact dawned. The mistakes of 1915-1919 in China were
that no city in which evangelists of the American Board frankly referred to as policies that must be undone.
are at work suffered from bandits last year. Few other The following report letter was written by Dr. Eddy
places not thus occupied can make a similar boast. Of en route from Yokohama to Hawaii:

IMPRESSIONS OF THE FAR EAST

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
We are sailing over calm seas toward Hawaii. The time has come to attempt a summary of the
bewildering impressions gathered in the Orient. Five months is too short a time to make one an "author
ity" on any problem in this complex welter of divergent currents, but the colors are bright and the out
lines clear as they can never be again. Let me try to give you my best thought on five themes : the
story of our campaign, the political, industrial, and missionary situation, and the final hint to those of us
who stay at home and who make possible all this work on the field.
 THE FRIEND January, 1923

First, The Campaign

Meetings were planned and held in more than 39 cities; student meetings in schools and colleges,
general audiences admitted by ticket and usually in the largest hall of each city, meetings for Christians
and non-Christians, for women and for men. After two or more preliminary meetings it was our plan
to give a searching chance for new decisions, both to join Bible classes and to begin the Christian life.
We know well all the dangers of superficial tests, yet in many, many lives this definite step is needed
and it has been a rare privilege to see these audiences stirred to a real choice of the Truth as they see it.
We have urged the motives of honest and righteous and unselfish living and of patriotism, for the young
men in these schools want to do what they can for China. We have pressed close upon them the supreme
claims of Christ as their Master for life.

From these meetings in China alone the total number

who signed cards for Bible classes was over 4800 and
those who made a decision for Christ reached the figure
of 3000. Although opposition was expected it never
seemed to materialize except in a few newspaper articles.
The young men of China are without any question the
most eager and open group in the world today. When I
contrast the enthusiasm of these meetings, the sweeping
applause at plain speaking about their own evils, the
open-minded eagerness of these boys with the impene
trable crust of some of our own young lads at home in
school and college, it is easy to envy these who work
with this inflammable material here. The students of
China are ten times more eager to hear and to learn
about world problems and Christian solutions than our
young men at home. That is one reason why the five
months have been a deep joy. Personally I have ad
dressed 160 meetings and a total audience of more than
"See, I have set before thee an open door,
40,000.
which no man can shut."

Second, The Political Situation

After long talks and many questions with the missionary force in Korea and China and after a sec
ond hasty visit to Japan I find no necessity of changing the opinion gathered from my first month with
Japanese missionaries and friends. Japan is trying hard to keep both in letter and spirit the agreements
made at the Washington Conference. The present party in control knows that Japan must keep her
friendship with America and Britain, and that means she cannot expect monopolistic rights in China. The
Twenty-one Demands are dead as last year's blue jay's nest. A keen writer of the new group now in
control calls them "The most collossal error of Japanese policy." Student audiences and liberal men in
Japan are ready to applaud any attack made on that futile effort to bring China under the yoke. The
Military Group and the "General Staff" will die hard and we may expect many an attempt to double-
cross and evade the policies of the Liberal Party. In the instance of selling arms to Chang Tso Lin it
was vitally interesting to read from day to day the broadsides of editorials in the Japanese papers call
ing on the Premier to investigate and fix the blame of this attempt to overthrow the good name and fair
promises of Japan. The abolishing of the "General Staff" was urged in many papers. Premier-Admiral
Kato came out of that mix-up with added prestige. The Liberal Party means to play the game fair and
straight.
No one can say what will happen when this party loses out, but America was right to trust Japan thus
far. The Washington Conference began a new chapter for Japan. The new Ambassador, Hanrihara, was
there and knows the pressure of Christian opinion that was behind those agreements. He knows well
that America will not desert China and that Japan's dream of exclusive Empire there is over.
In China the outlook is black. The present Government in Peking is holding on by its eyelashes
from week to week. Out of twenty-one provinces perhaps eleven are partially independent and living
in open rebellion under their tuchuns or provincial Generals, supporting immense armies out of revenue
that should belong to the nation for schools, roads and the impoverished treasury. Many of the govern
ment bond issues are in default. Wages of all employees are months in arrears. The provincial armies
January, 1923 THE FRIEND
support themselves by loot. "Soldier" and "bandit" are interchangeable terms in many provinces. The
national railroads are going to ruin. In Manchuria we were awakened at one station to have all blankets
and sheets and towels taken off the train because the General up the line steals them if they pass his
lines. Our party ran into a wreck on another line where the rails had spread because the ties were rotted
to pulp and could be gathered in handfulls. Not a dollar had been spent on repairs for years, but the
two Generals at the ends of the line stole all revenues.
The pressing problem of the moment is banditry.
On the Shensi trip it was an ever present topic and
the outlying parts of the province where Watts Pye
tours have plenty of it. Sit on the kang with us in
a native inn in the late evening and hear Mary
McClure's and Jean Dickinson's story of how they
journeyed into the very fortress of the bandits to
beg for the life of one of our villages where an
evangelist is at work under our Board. Their
nerve had its proper reward and the bandit leader
pledged not to attack the village. On my trip
South our train was delayed seven hours while
troops fought off bandits from the station just in
front of us. Finally we went through at full
Crossing the Yellow River into Shensi
speed with two cars of soldiers shooting wildly into
the neighborhood and with four villages in flames near the tracks. One-third of ITonan has been in the
hands of the bandits recently. Eleven missionaries and business men have been held for ransom. Ten
walled cities and hundreds of towns have been sacked. Missionaries here on this ship have described the
horrors of the last months. Women by hundreds have been raped and murdered, some hung head
downward before their eyes until they died. The Central Government is absolutely powerless to meet this
outbreak and it can't run on this way much longer.
The President has no party following and the Senate is reported to be full of graft and selfishness.
Tsao Kun holds the control of some seventeen provinces and wants the Presidency. Wu Pei Fu, the
best known General in China today, seems to want a strong and decent government, but doesn't know
how to build one up. He lacks political sense and just misses being a great enough man to straighten
out the tangle. The "Christian General," Feng Yu Hsiang, has not yet power enough to take the lead.
More of him later.
Strong and wise men are now discouraged. It seemed a little while ago that the turn of the road was
in sight, but the very best minds admit it will be a long job to get China on her feet again.
The two outstanding evils are "Militarism" and "Squeeze." Each General must have his army and
must then graft to pay wages and buy munitions. Each official seems to be in business for himself
alone. The directors of one line of railroad raised ten million dollars by a bond issue to rebuild the
key bridge on the line. They invested and reinvested the fund in securities of their own chosing until
today there is less than one million of it left. Money was raised in one province to open some rich
mines. One hundred thousand dollars was stolen by the officials in charge and never a mine was opened.
General Li in the province of Fukien is said to have escaped with loot running from ten to thirty million
silver dollars. He collected the taxes up through 1925 so there should be nothing left for those that fol
low. The Foreign Concessions are filling up with retired officials who got theirs. The motto is "After
me, the deluge." Some students returned from abroad are reported to be among the worst of the decayed
lot. Out of the whole mess one clear need for HONESTY rises supreme. The Christian leaders arc
standing alone as the one Hope of China. Patriotism as we know it dwells in them alone.
Third, The Industrial Situation
Our party has tried to collect the most complete body of information now available in China on
this immense topic. Questionnaires have been gathered and the facts tabulated. At least a most inter
esting beginning has been made. Without central laws and without restraining public opinion, employers
are left to exploit women and children as they choose. The facts are blacker than we in America can
possibly imagine, but only a few samples are needed now. In the hair-net factories in one city 17,000
women and 1,000 men are working ten hours a day for six cents a day. In factories making pongee silk,
(Continued on page 15)
 THE FRIEND January, 1923

next morning by the children with all

nite Hawaiian Board on me Language the abandon and enjoyment of a genu
ine Christmas morning. The elders also
participated in the joyousness of these
School Situation scenes.
definite service to the community, Characters in the American Family
Commending all those who have
and can further reinforce that Scenes were :
stood loyally by the government in its
service by educating others to the Grandmother, Mrs. A. H. B. Judd :
recent regulation of the foreign Father, Mr. A. F. Judd; Mother, Mrs.
language schools, and recognizing new same spirit of loyalty.
I. J. Shepherd; Children, Stuart Judd.
obligations incurred by the community "That many would dissent from
Sam Clarke. Elizabeth Shepherd, How
at large by reason of those regulations, such regulations was inevitable. It
is their constitutional right to seek ard Clarke, Thomas Cooke, Muriel Hop-
the Hawaiian Board by action taken
through the courts a test of any wood.
on Friday. January 12th. 1923. calls
upon its workers and friends every decision, but such action, in this The music which added greatly to
where to extend friendly assistance in case, seems to us inadvisable. It the interest of the occasion was b\
the care and supervision of children. should be remembered, moreover, Miss Josephine Pierce, accompanist ;
that the possession of that right Miss Jane Winne, solo ; thirty Korean
The declaration of the Board was
lays upon those who resort to it girls led by Mrs. William C. Furer—
made in the following utterance: carols and hymns.
the obligation to use it without im
"Our government has seen fit to pugning the spirit of justice and The entire conception of the idea for
promulgate certain regulations with the Christmas celebration at the Inter
fair play in the community.
reference to the foreign language "Recognizing, as we do, the gen national Institute was that of Miss
schools in the Territory. uine perplexity of many parents Mary A. Burbank who also deserves the
"It is a source of gratification concerning the care and super credit for the skilful carrying out of
to the Hawaiian Board that so vision of their children during the the idea.
many of the schools ' affected by hours in which they have been A wise selection was made by her of
these regulations, and particularly the people who represented the prin
wont to attend the language
that so many of our young citi cipal characters in the tableaux, while
schools, the Hawaiian Board urges
zens and potential citizens of the simple yet effective background
upon the consideration of its work
foreign ancestry, in Loyalty to the of blue with the flock of sheep, the
ers and friends everywhere that
government, have courageously single lamb in the foreground, the hilN
they recognize the new responsibili
backed up its proposals and its of Judaea with the train of camels in
ties falling upon the community
final decision. the distance, the robe and wings of the
at large for the proper care and
angel, the drapery of the Madonna- and
"It is also a matter of gratifica supervision of the children, and
the costumes of the shepherds and the
tion that Consul General Yama- that every means at the disposal of
wise men all betokened the touch of a
saki and other leading Japanese the Board be offered for this pur master hand. The reverent presentation
residents have given their out pose in connection with schools in
of the Christmas story and the happy
spoken support to the regulations. the English language, in kinder
celebration of the American family un
"These all have rendered a gartens and on playgrounds." doubtedly made a profound impression
upon the large Oriental audience as
sembled under the evening sky of Ha
Christmas at the International Institute waii.
ON THE evening of Dec. 19th a pressive. Miss Winne's sweet voice
Christmas entertainment was given and sympathetic rendering of "Fear
at the International Institute on Nuuanu not. for behold I bring you good tid Can You Help?
Ave. under the auspices of the Daugh ings" from "The Messiah," made it a It's a wonder how some bright col
ters of the American Revolution by its very impressive scene. Then came the ored old garments or remnants help
Americanization Committee in conjunc Adoration of the Shepherds with Miss out in making up costumes, and we
tion with the ladies of the International Dorothy Judd as the Virgin Mary and have such a demand for costumes, es
Institute. The idea was to connect, in Mr. Frank C. Atherton as Joseph fol pecially around Christmas and Easter,
the minds of the audience, the birth of lowed by the visit of the Wise Men that we are unable to meet all requests.
Jesus Christ with the celebration of it from the East (Dr. Tasuku Harada, Our little stock of costumes for
in American homes. The community The Rev. Canon Y. T. Kong, Mr. Bible Drama, which is privately owned,
tree and other public celebrations were Moses Inaina) with gifts of frankin has supplied no less than nine Christ
already familiar to them. An audience cense, myrrh and gold. Both were very mas entertainments this season with en
of five hundred gathered on the grounds beautiful scenes. tire or partial outfits, this being possi
before the hour set. Tableaus of the The reverent spirit of all who parti ble only by using the same garments
Announcement to the Shepherds, who cipated was felt by the audience. The quickly returned and rearranged for
were represented by Koreans from the home scenes later were the hanging of service on successive evenings, except
Fort St. Korean church, with Miss the stockings in the evening over the ing those which have been sent to
Jane Winne as the angel, were im fireplace and the emptying of them the country churches, and thus were out
January, 1923 THE FRIEND
of hand. Dress rehearsals are neces there might not be, in possession of waiian Board marked "For use in Bible
sary, thus making the turnover doubly some who may see this statement, Dramas," we hope the name of the
rapid. some materials which the owners would donors will accompany them so we
Constant wear and tear reduces our be glad to have utilized in this way. may express our thanks for their kind
stock, and the question arises whether If any packages are left at the Ha response.

Hlxe Near East

By George L. Richards, M. D., Medical Director in Turkey and Latterly Medical Advisor
to the Mew York Oflice of trie Near East
Is America's help still needed? life on edible grasses. But they came
Dr. Richards, the author of this
Why this incessant appeal for money
when the war was ended three and a half timely and stirring article, is a well- and in numbers incomprehensible until
years ago? known medical expert of Fall River we had a hundred thousand of them
These are very natural questions, and and Boston, Mass., and the author of at the end of our first year in Turkey.
as they are often put to me I am glad a text book, "Nose and Throat Work Once gathered together, the problem
of the opportunity to answer them in seemed relatively simple. We could
for the General Practitioner."
the FRIEND. use the buildings of Mission property
For the Prudential Committee of
or barracks or any kind of a shelter
The Near East Relief was organized the American Board, Dr. Richards has which would keep out the winter cold
to care for the refugees, men. women recently inspected and filed a report or the summer heat. For in northern
and children of the great war who were upon the medical stations in India and Anatolia, so-called Armenia, we have
found destitute of homes, clothing and China, personally visiting every station the winter's cold, and in Mesopotamia
food and wandering all over the coun except Linsing and Shaowu. Previous the summer's heat. We are operating
try of Anatolia, the Caucasus, Meso to this he officially toured the Near in all these places furnishing food,
potamia and Syria. In this country East from Constantinople to Port Said clothing, medical attendance and hos
as a result of the war these people had for the Near East Relief organization. pitals. But this was not all these chil
lost their homes, all their belongings This field was already familiar to him, dren must have. They were the rem
and had been driven far and wide nant of an intelligent race, the race
he having headed the first medical unit
over an extensive area far from their from which the artisans and bankers
which left America in February, 1919.
normal habitat. There was at the time and industrial classes had always been
The twenty doctors and sixty nurses
no responsible Turkish Government recruited. The pure Turk does not
and no one of the allied governments which composed this unit were dis
tributed all over Turkey and did the qualify in any of these branches, being
who was willing to undertake this work. by nature indolent, somewhat nomadic
Not even the United States Government first medical work under American aus
and never creative. So the problem
would undertake it officially but Con pices in that country.
of schools had next to be met. And
gress gave the Near East Relief a Na Dr. Richard's son was likewise in of teachers as well, who knew both the
tional Charter and the assistance of the Near East service in Smyrna. subjects and the language.
U. S. High Commissioner in Con
stantinople, Admiral. Mark Bristol. so that the Armenian and refugee pop Slowly we overcame all these diffi
The American Board of Missions was ulation of Anatolia and the Caucasus culties and had the political situation
the only organization owning any prop are now on a fairly good economic been stable we should have been using
erty in the Turkish area which could basis. This is improving from year less money instead of as at the pres
be adapted to relief work and they to year and would have a much faster ent moment calling for more than ever.
freely gave over their buildings, and improvement had there been at any It has always been the policv of Near
in many instances their staff, since their time any responsible government in East Relief to turn its children into
regular missionary work had had to be Turkey or the Caucasus. On the con self-supporting occupations as soon as
given up during the war and it was trary, we have to contend with Bol age and ability warrant, and this policy
not possible as yet to re-establish it. shevism in Russian border territory, continues. What have we had to con
With these stations as centers from with the breakdown of the Armenian tend with in the way of the unexpect
which to work, the Near East Relief republic, with the rise of the National ed from the political standpoint? Let
has during the years since the armistice ist movement and with vacillating us rehearse some of these episodes so
gathered together the remnant of the policies constantly changing on the part that the man or woman who thinks that
men—more than a million were killed of England and France. we are not getting anywhere with this
deported or disappeared, so that they And what of the children? somebody relief will understand better what has
cannot be traced—while the women surely by this time asks. Well, they actually happened and how under ad
have to a large number been removed came from literally no one knows verse circumstances this wonderful or
from Moslem homes and re-established where: from the caves of the earth, ganization, non-political, non-sectarian,
in new homes. Utensils of life, agri from the desert, from the plain ; ragged, but truly Christian, has been able to
cultural tools and the paraphernalia hungry, walking skeletons with pot keep on with its work and to handle
of normal living have been provided bellies due to trying to eat and sustain every emergency which has arisen.
s THE FRIEND January, 1923

In July of 1919, the Red Cross turned Next comes the Greek war with the by one and now by the other govern
over all of its work in former Turkish Turks and for more than a year we ment. While we did not know what
territory to the Near East Relief so were alternately in Turkish and Greek- was coming, it seemed better in pursuit
that in addition to our normal relief territory always carrying on. For of our policy of concentration to leave
work for refugees and children we had months at a time our employes have this place which was an important sea
to care for whatever in the way of had no connection with the outside port held by the Kemalists.
emergency the Red Cross would nor world and yet have been able to carry This evacuation occurred without
mally have cared for. on industries and schools and main special incident, the children being
In the winter of 1919-20 after the tain friendly relations with whatever taken to Constantinople.
defeat of Denikine's army thousands government we happened to be under. A few weeks later the Greek and
of Russian refugees poured into Con There were difficulties all the time, Turkish armies encountered one an
stantinople with no place to stay and especially of transportation, for the other, the Turks in all probability hav
no one to care for them. They were Nationalists commandeered our auto ing been supplied by various of the
down to some islands in Constantinople mobiles and charged us duty on our allies with war material, and the rest
harbor and our Near East people went supplies. More than that, they inter of the story is so recent that everyone
down and cared for them, organizing a fered with our schools and our system knows it. How the retreating Greek
temporary hospital and caring for of education. Still we carried on and army ran, how it probably in revenge
typhus which would have meant an with tact and devotion overcame one acted as other armies have, and how
epidemic had they remained in Con difficulty after another. finally they were driven to the sea at
And now about one year ago we came Smyrna. The center of Smyrna with
stantinople. Here we cared for them
until in the spring the various allied to the next political trouble which, as the Greek and Armenian quarter, was
governments finally placed them per usual, threw an unexpected sudden bur burned, and the whole Christian popu
manently and this emergency was den on us. When Marash and Aaintab lation of the city suddenly became
had been evacuated the French had homeless. Many were burned, many
ended.
transferred the Armenians to Cilicia drowned in the sea and the remnant
On May 15, 1919, the Greek army and were occupying it themselves from was homeless and without food. What
was allowed to land in Smyrna with a military standpoint. Suddenly, early of them ? Who was there or what or
resultant massacre and horror. Our in 1922, the French by virtue of a ganization was there to do anything
organization in Smyrna cared for the treaty with Angora, evacuated Cilicia. for them in this dire calamity? The
wounded until the emergency was over They told the Armenians and other U. S. High Commissioner sent down
and even months after assisted the Christians to stay, that the Turks had some destroyers which removed sonic
Greek Red Cross. On this day in May guaranteed protection and they would of the sufferers to safety, but who was
the Nationalist movement with its re be safe. But they had heard the safety there and what was there to administer
fusal to follow the demands of the cry and the promise of protection too intelligent relief? No one or nothing
Treaty of Sevres was born and from often and as one mass, men. women and but the Near East Relief. It was the
that day we have had constant dealings children, they stampeded with what only organization with the machinery
with this now the defacto government portables they could carry to the sea and the devoted personnel to care for
of Turkey. In Cilicia the Erench at Mersine and evacuated Cilicia, going the emergency. It's director from
were unable to hold their own with to Smyrna and to Beirut. At both of Constantinople was on the scene as
the Turks, being insufficiently supplied these places the Near East provided soon as he could get there with his
with men and supplies and, except for what it could and eventually cared for force. Supplies came from our Con
our hospitals and force, the loss of life all the children. We had now decided stantinople warehouse and a shipload
would have been greater than it was. at a matter of policy that it would be of flour for the moment at Gibraltar
In the dead of winter in a severe snow better to have the children in seacoast was bought by cable and diverted to
storm we were compelled to evacuate towns and plans for the evacuation of Athens and Smyrna.
our hospital in Marash. Three thou all from interior Anatolia, were being With no political ax to grind and
sand sick, wounded and refugees start carried and partially accomplished, with the real spirit of Christ pervading
ed, but only half the number arrived. when this last and severest emergency its organization, this Near East Relief
One of our number. Dr. Mabel Elliot, was suddenly and without warning has been the good Samaritan of the
administered to the sick and dying, thrust upon us. For more than a year Near East through these troubled and
finally was herself so overcome that the Greek and Turkish armies had war weary years. In this sudden
she was lashed to her saddle for the been opposing one another but without emergency we have been compelled to
last six hours of the journey, finally either doing much of anything. As stated take of money and supplies destined
reaching the Bagdad railway at Eslahia we were slowly removing our children for other places during these coming
more dead than alive. This faithful from possible danger areas. In June months and use them for the unex
doctor went back to America to re of this year the writer assisted in the pected emergency. Shall we make the
cuperate, but returned later and is now evacuation of our station and hospital children in Anatolia and the Caucasus
in the Caucasus in charge of a hos at Ismid, ancient Nicomedia. We had cut down on their food to cover this
pital. In this same winter two of our spent some money on the hospital at extra call ? Shall not we in our com
men. officially Y.M.C.A., but with us. this place and had operated it under fortable homes far from any such
lost their lives when going in with a both Turkish and Greek governments, emergency rather sacrifice if need be
relief train from Aleppo. as it was one of the places held now rather than they? How long will this
 January. 1923 THE FRIEND
emergency last? How long shall we
ask you to give? I do not know. Judg
ing from the past it will he until the
so-called Christian nations, and we are
one of them, shall agree and enforce .
a policy not of territorial and com
mercial grab but one of justice, and
justice alike to Turk, Armenian, Greek
and Arab.
One hundred thousand children, the j
remnant of a great race, have been
saved from destruction by death and :
disease. They are the future hope of
Turkey. For whether at the moment
she thinks she needs them or not, 1
know she needs them as knows every
intelligent student of Turkish affairs.
For Turkey as now constituted, has not
among her own any who can take
their place. Turkey as now constituted
is a world menace. Her hope and sal
vation in the future lies in these chil
dren whose lives we have been instru
mental in saving.
"As much as ye have done it unto ISLA>'l><"' KAUAI
one of the least of these ye have done
it unto me. . . ."

Diagram showing the Christian work for boys as it is distributed over the Island of Kauai
Christian Boys' Work
A second theory of the work is that vices in the churches, and inter-club
on Kauai the redemptive forces of the commu activities. There are many county-
The influence of the Kauai Young nity must be the resident forces. China wide features, such as father and son
Men's Christian Association has reached cannot be saved by foreigners. Except gatherings, older boys' conferences and
every community on the Island. Thirty- as our American missionaries train and summer camps.
one organized clubs promoting a four develop local leaders will a permanent That the rural type of Association
fold program of physical, social, edu impression be left. Boys must be work has a real place in the Islands in
cational and religious activities have saved by boys who have had their supplementing the work of the church
been organized. These groups are con own ideals and visions inspired by and the home is made evident by the
ducted in twenty-three different com right leadership. The communities of fact that the Kauai Association decided
munities and have 465 different boys Kauai, as well as all other communities to add a second secretary during a dif
as active members. Each club has an in the Islands, must be socially re ficult financial year. The splendid
adult leader who lives in the local com deemed, not by outside people, but by work which Mr. Watada is doing has
munity. This gives him opportunity the forces who live in the local com more than justified this decision of the
to have a personal contact with the munities. County Committee.
boys, not only once a week at the club In keeping with this principle, Kauai The officers of the Association on
meeting, but throughout the week. has enlisted leaders from all races, Kauai are Dr. A. H. Waterhouse, chair
Leaders' training meetings are held many of them young men without high man; Theo. Brandt, treasurer; Philip
from time to time to train these leaders educational attainments, but consecrat Rice, recording secretary ; H. D. Slog-
in methods of leadership. ed Christians who know the boys of get, chairman finance committee.'
The work is based on the theory their own communities. The county A recent vititor to Kauai, in summing
that work with boys strengthens boys, secretaries, Mr. Neil Locke and Mr. U. up his impression of the work, has
while work for boys tends to weaken Watada, enlist the interest of the lead made the following statement : "One
them. Someone has said that there ers and keep in close touch with them. of the things which impressed me per
is as much difference between work for The secretaries, together with the lead haps most in my visit was that wher
boys and boys' work as there is be ers and officers of the clubs, meet ever we stopped in every part of the
tween a bath sponge and a sponge from time to time to plan the pro Island, I found the boys and men knew
bath. The county secretaries train grams of activities which are to be ear Mr. Locke and Mr. Watada and that
their leaders not to coddle the boys, ned on in the clubs by the boys.
they knew every boy, not only him
but to encourage the points of self In addition to the regular club meet self, but his home work and his home
expression, self activity and initiative: ings, there are many special activities life. All of this is the proof of the
and this is what develops manhood. such as socials, special English ser far-reaching effect of any work, not
10 THE FRIEND January. 1923

simply that we are able to assemble a

number at any given point, but that An Anti-Saloon League Achievement
we are able to reach the individual and By H. V . White
his home. It would be impossible to
THERE were several notable things ed, give promise of a splendid citizen
estimate the far-reaching effect and
about the Territorial Prohibition ship.
value of this work." Oratorical contest held in Mission Mem Another noteworthy point was the
orial auditorium on the evening of Jan- enlisting of leading men and women of
the territory as judges, both for the
Resolutions on the Death of the preliminary and the final contests. The
Rev. John M. Lpdgate two prizes have great significance for
a similar reason. The first is called
WHEREAS, on the twenty-seventh
the "Governor's Prize" and is given by
day of November, 1922, our associate Governor Farrington and ex-Govern
and fellow-worker, John Mortimer Lyd- ors Dole. Carter and Frear. The sec
gate, was called by our Heavenly ond prize is given by the Japanese Law
Father to the mansions above prepared Enforcement Committee.
for those who love and serve Him. and This contest furnishes a striking il
lustration of the value of the Anti-
WHEREAS, by the death of our Saloon League's work. The mobilizing
brother, the Cause of Christ in general, of students and the enlisting of the
and the work of the Hawaiian Board interest of prominent citizens and the
in particular, has suffered a severe public generally in this contest is the
work of Rev. George H. DeKay. super
loss in that one who was closely iden intendent of the league. This is only
tified with the progress of the Kingdom one part of an aggressive campaign which
of God for many years as pastor of he is carrying on to educate public
the Lihue Union Church and mission opinion and secure respect of all classes
ary ot the Hawaiian Board for the for the Eighteenth Amendment and the
Shunzo Sakamaki, representative from the
island of Hawaii and winner of the first suport of public officials in their en
Island of Kauai, has been taken from
prize. He is a brother of Mr. George Saka forcement of the Volstead law. This
us, and maki, who won The Friend Peace Scholar cnstructive program of the League was
ship last year.
WHEREAS, we appreciate the faith in the interests, not only of prohibi
ful services rendered by Mr. Lydgate uary 15th. This was an inter-island tion, but of good citizenship, respect
contest participated in by two repre for law and real patriotism. It ought
as fellow-worker in the Vineyard of
sentatives each from Kauai, Maui, Ha to be backed in every way by all who
the Lord, realizing his zeal and earn waii and Oahu. The eight contestants believe in these things.
estness, his loyalty and faithfulness to had been chosen in preliminary trials Witness this paragraph from a letter
duty, his devotion and constant labors among the high school students on just received from Visalia, California:
for the sake of the Gospel on the Island each of the islands. "On account of failing eyesight I
of Kauai and throughout the Terri The first point of interest is the inter am obliged to discontinue my beloved
racial character of the contest. There Friend. I have been a regular sub
tory, therefore, were three Japanese, among whom was scriber for forty years."
BE IT RESOLVED, that we. the the winner of the first, or "Governor's Appointment of Mr. Cyril F. Damon
members of the Board of the Hawaiian Prize." One Chinese student spoke and as a trustee of Oahu College was an
Evangelical Association, through its carried off the second prize which was nounced by Mr. A. F. Judd. vice-presi
committee appointed for this special given by the Japanese Law Enforce dent. The trustees are fifteen in num
purpose, do in this manner express ment Committee. Native Hawaii was ber and comprise a corporation which
our sorrow for the death of our asso represented by Eddie Pupuhi, of Kauai, operates Punahou Academy.
ciate and do extend to his widow and and the U. S. Army by Private Floyd Dr. Damon's father and grandfatber
sons our genuine sympathy and conso C. Foehringer. One negro and one were both trustees before him and con
lation in their grief, and haole, both girls, completed the list. tributed much to the earlier success
The second thing to note was the of the college.
FURTHER, we do spread on the addresses. In subject matter, arrange The Hawaiian storm tradition. "'All
records of the Board this resolution of ment and delivery all the speeches com that wind must blow back again," was
respect, and do direct that a copy be manded the admiration of the audience. justified in the recent storm of wind
published in THE FRIEND, our offi One could not help feeling that Ha and rain. After blowing a terrific
cial organ. waii's future is to be in good hands gale from the Northeast (maximum
H. P. JUDD, if these young people are at all repre velocity fifty-five miles per hour), there
sentative of their various racial stocks. was apparent cessation of the storm,
L. R. KILLAM.
The patriotic pride in America and the wheft quite suddenly the wind shifted
F. S. SCUDDER. appreciation of her true greatness as a and was "blown back" in the form of
Committee. nation which all the speakers manifest- a Kona from the South.
January. 1923 THE FRIEND 11

too shy to offer herself to the board

China's Christian General secretaries as a missionary, came out
with two little children and faced the
By Shertfojd Eddy Chinese mob. She said, "We have
I HAVE just spent four days with hospitals were secretly stealing the healed your sick, we have taught your
General Feng- and his far-famed eyes and internal organs of little children in our schools, we have
"Christian Army." He is perhaps the Chinese children to make a mysterious ministered in your homes. Why do
Chinese Gordon or Andrew Jackson liquid to send their telegrams. As he you want to kill us? I myself have
of China. He has been the governor told us this, he burst into laughter at ministered to a large number each day.
of two provinces and is now the com- the thought of his ignorance and super- Many of the lives of your people have
mander of an army in which nine thou- stition of twenty-two short years ago. been saved. I am willing to give my
sand men have already been baptized When a preacher in Paotingfu was own life, but won't you for the sake
and received as Christians into the speaking from the text. "Whoever of those whom we have healed among
church, while more are waiting on pro- strikes you on the right cheek, turn your people, spare the mothers and
bation, being prepared for admission, the other to him as well ; whoever little children?" After this many of
I count this time with General Feng wants to sue you for your shirt, let the Boxer mob left in shame and felt
as one of the great experiences of my him have your coat as well," Feng they could not kill her. But the mob
life. picked up his table to carry it away. later re-formed, broke through the gates,
Last night I spent some time with The preacher said, "You may take the beheaded Pitkin, hung his head as a
him just after he had been ordered to chair also if you wish, but stay for a trophy on the city gate and threw out
leave Honan to take command of his little while and hear the Christian his body to the dogs. They then
army in Peking. He is a man of im- message." But like the mass of the dragged off the women and children
pressive presence, over six feet in inhabitants of Paotingfu, Feng had no and killed them all.
height, of powerful build, weighing use for this religion of "the foreign This week I stood beside the mar
over two hundred pounds, every inch devils." tyrs' graves in Paotingfu. On the stone
a soldier. His face combines strength I wonder whether my classmate that marks Pitkin's grave is the in
and charm. Like Chinese Gordon he Horace Pitkin, as he studied the scription, "If any man would come
is a stern disciplinarian but a passion- language and worked the three short after me let him deny himself and take
ate lover of men. His face normally years of his life in Paotingfu ever up his cross and follow me." The
grave and dignified, lights up with passed on the street this scowling young passage on the stone above Miss Mor
strong feeling or kindles with his keen giant? I remember the last letter that rill's grave is, "And every one that
sense of humor. He impresses one as I received from Pitkin as the Boxer hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or
a man of great reserve strength. He hordes were closing in about him. The sisters, or father, or mother, or wife,
is a far stronger man than the presi- Germans had just seized the heart of or children, or lands, for my sake, shall
dent of China or the leaders of any of the sacred province of Shantung. Rus- receive an hundredfold, and shall in
the present contending factions. He sia had taken over half a million square herit everlasting life." The death of
might well become China's first Chris- miles of territory and the other world the martyrs at Paotingfu. and par
tian president, though such a thought powers had not been far behind in ticularly the sacrifice of Miss Morrill,
would be far from his desire, as he despoiling China. The Boxer uprising touched the heart of Feng and pro
has no personal ambition to weaken his was the last frenzied paroxysm of rage duced the first stir of his conscience
master passion. Let me try to relate against this foreign menace for which toward Christianity, just as the stoning
his story as he told it to us last night the martyrs of 1900 had to pay with of Stephen began to work in the
in answer to our questions. their lives. troubled soul of Saul of Tarsus.
He was born in Anwhei. in a little As the mob closed in about them Later on Feng twice resorted to a
village in central China just north of Pitkin sat with his Chinese friend and missionary hospital for treatment ;
the Yangtze, only forty years ago. He sent the last message home to his wife once in Peking and once in Man
is still a young man as are all his offi- sick in America. He had seen the fires churia. Each time he was surprised
cers and men. When stationed as a of the Presbyterian Mission across tse when upon leaving they refused to
common soldier at Paotingfu he was. city and knew that his turn was com take any payment whatsoever but said
as he toVl us, only an ignorant ing next. Feng, a hardened, ignorant to him, "Do not forget God ; remem
"heathen" with a bitter prejudice private, had been sent with the soldiers ber what we have told you of the
against Christianity. When the troops ostensibly as a guard, but in reality Gospel of Jesus Christ." Though he
were sent through the city as a firing to make sure that all the missionaries was impressed at the time all these
squad to shoot into the air and drive were killed. He was not at all troubled things were soon forgotten in his busy
off the evil spirits supposed to be caus- as he saw the Presbyterian missionaries life. In 1912 Dr. Mott and I were
ing the epidemic of cholera which was enveloped in the flames. It seemed a holding meetings in China. I was in
then raging, he went out of his way good riddance of people who had been Tientsin while Dr. Mott was in Pe
and took delight in firing with his rifle stealing the eyes of their little chil- king. Feng was_ now a young major.
through each letter of the sign in front dren. But there was something that He came to Professor Robertson's lec
of the Presbyterian Mission chapel. So occurred in the Congregational Mission tures on science and was given a ticket
ignorant was he that he honestly be- which touched his heart. Miss Mor- of admission to Dr. Mott's religious
lieved the missionary doctors in the rill, a timid girl who had been almost meetings. He attended every day and
12 THE FRIEND January, 1923

took notes. This was the first time he Chang Tso Ling, the Governor of Man body of men if you watch them in mili
had ever listened to a full presentation churia in the North. At the critical tary review, though they are clad in
of Christianity. In the light of what juncture of the war Chao Ti, the homespun and make all their own
he had heard he accepted Christ, signed treacherous governor of Honan, who clothes, shoes and other necessities.
his name when the cards were passed had amassed by bribery, robbery and General F"eng entered the province
and entered one of the Bible classes the opium traffic some $10,000,000 on foot and sets the example of daily
which was taught by Bishop Norris. during his graft-ridden rule of the manual labor. He leads the most demo
Later he was baptized by Pastor Liu province, rose with twenty thousand cratic army in the world today.
Fang, who greatly helped him in his men to seize the railway and join the In the first place this is a sober, effi
entrance into the Christian life, and enemy, Chang Tso Lin, who was ad cient, hard-working army. All the
who in the years since has baptized, vancing to seize Peking and become officers and men pattern their lives
after careful examination, a thousand dictator of China. General Feng had after the general. His own work for
of Feng's soldiers. with him but a Tiandful of men. He the day is typical, of that of the troops.
No sooner had he become a Christian took General Chang, his great evangel He rises at 4 o'clock and has his
than he began to work earnestly among ist and preacher, and told him to hold morning watch. From 5 to 6 o'clock
his fellow officers and soldiers and the line with less than a thousand men he studies Chinese ; from 6 to 7 he
in time conceived the project of build and fight till the last one hac1 fallen studies English ; from 7 to 9 he at
ing up a Christian army. People of rather than give ground. Genera! Chang tends to his official business as gov
pacifist convictions living in the peace held the line in the darkness for more ernor. After breakfast he receives
ful twentieth century seclusion of than four hours against the large army callers and completes the business of
Anglo-Saxon countries may wonder if who were intimidated by his resistance, his civil administration from 9:30 to
such a contradiction as a "Christian" until General Feng arrived with two 12; from 12 to 1 he works with his
army is possible. The writer has just thousand more of his troops and de own hands in the iron foundry. Every
been travelling with a poor missionary feated the treacherous governor with officer and man in his army must learn
in Honan fleeing from the bandits after his twenty thousand dissolute soldiers. a useful trade so that when they retire
having spent formerly eleven days with Feng was then made governor of Ho or reach their youthful age limit, they
his family as captives of the terrible nan, a province with a population of may successfully enter civil life. Like
"White Wolf" and escaping by hiding 30,000,000 people, or nearly one-third General Armstrong and Booker Wash
in a straw stack for ten days. Seven of the population of the United States. ington he believes in the dignity of
missionaries in this one province are Here in the capital of Kaifeng, he labor, in learning by doing and in
at the moment being held captive for started to work for an efficient ad work as a great character-building
ransom, and hundreds of villages ministration of the province and for force. From 1 to 4 he inspects his
throughout China are at this time be a Christian army. In each place where troops and tends to his military duties.
ing burned, pillaged and destroyed by his troops have been stationed his first He goes home at 5 and remains an
robber bands. It is hard to see how act has been- to drive out all the pros hour with his family. The evening is
law and order can be maintained with titutes, beggars and opium smugglers given to study or to interviews at his
out a disciplined force like that of Gen and clean up the town. He started to headquarters.
eral Feng. If anyone can demonstrate build good roads, to open schools and Yesterday we were awakened at 5
that it can, they will be eagerly wel to inaugurate a campaign for educa o'clock in the morning by the bugles
comed by this Christian general and tion among the people. When I ar which called his men to their early
his officers, hundreds of whom would rived in Kaifeng I found the whole drill. We saw some of the troops drill
prefer to become evangelist and ac city placarded with instructive pic ing again after nightfall by moonlight.
tive Christian workers tomorrow if any- tures, mottoes, posters and monuments Never have I seen such a working
other way of protecting China from which remind one of the proclamations army. When the General sent me to a
lawlessness can be found. and edicts of the great Emperor Akbar meeting in his motor car, the orderly
After defeating his enemy in one of India. President Sherman, the had to wait ten minutes while I went
battle, instead of beheading his prison American Ambassador to China, pro into the house. When I returned 1
ers according to the ancient custom, nounced General Feng an educational found him in the car, oblivious of the
he forgave them, gave each one some genius for his remarkable ability in curious crowd outside, quietly study
money and sent them to their homes. popular education. ing his New Testament. He said, "My
After his victory and his efficient ad But it is General Feng's army that day is so full with fourteen hours of
ministration in Shenzi, he was made has impressed me most. It is the first work that I have to seize every minute
governor of the province, where he Christian army I have ever seen. I I can for Bible study." This is typical
built up the best army in China. It is have read of Crosswell's Ironsides of the spirit of all his officers and
made up of some twenty thousand entering battle with prayer and psalms, men.
men who are disciplined, men who obey but I question whether his Puritan army The general himself leads the way
orders, who will not loot and who are was more Christian than this one in in his earnest work for a Christian
fearless in the face of death. In the China. These men, too, are "round army. He preaches occasionally with
recent war one brigade of his army heads" and ironsides. Every man from great force and fervor and with im
saved the province of Honan while the general down to the latest recruit passioned feeling. Regular Bible
the remainder made a flank attack has a close cropped head and is trained classes are held for his officers several
which led to the defeat of the army of as an athlete. It is a superbly drilled times a week and they in turn teach
January. 1923 THE FRIEND 13

classes for their men. Fifty of the notebook and Testament and took notes not a cloud in the sky, General Feng
officers are organized in an evangel on every address. called for a service to pray for rain.
istic band. They are equally effective The leading generals have caught the When the meeting was being prolonged
in battle or in prayer, like Chinese spirit of their chief. General Lee was and one or two prayers seemed to be
Gordon during the Taiping rebellion converted as a young lieutenant in too formal, the general said, "Cut out
here. But Gordon stood unique and Mott's meeting in Peking ten years ago. those long prayers." He then began to
almost alone, where Feng is winning He is a most earnest leader and headed speak. He called upon his army to
and leading a Christian army. When the eleventh division that won the de repent of their sins that they might be
I met a small contingent of his army cisive battle and saved Peking in the able to receive God's blessing. He then
in a distant province, I found them recent fighting. General Chang, the led in prayer, confessing the sins of the
holding a daily Christian service, al chief of staff, held out for nearly ten province, lie prayed, "Lord, these peo
ways at church on Sundays, and lead years as a Confuscianist prejudiced ple are not Christians. They do not
ing exemplary Christian lives. I have against Christianity. When he saw the know any better. Put their sins upon
not been able to find a man, Chinese almost utter failure of ancient Confus- me. Blot out my name and let me per
or foreign, who has ever seen one of cianism and of the modern system of ish for them, but send rain upon these
his soldiers or officers gambling, drink secular education to save China, finally starving peasants this day."
ing or even smoking. Including those convinced by the power of General The missionary told me that within
who have left his army, over nine Feng's life of the ability of Christ to two hours after he returned from the
thousand of his men have already be save the individual and to uplift society, service, the fields and streets were flood
come Christians. That does not mean he also became a Christian. General ed with rain. Speaking of the service
that they were baptized or received Chang, who led in the defense of Kai General Feng said, "Yes, God was right
in a mass movement. When 346 were feng, is an evangelist of great power. there." He believes literally that God
recently baptized the remaining 1500 All four of these generals desired at is always right there, that He is at his
applicants were rejected or kept on one time to give up their places in the right hand, that he shall not be moved.
probation for further instruction. army and become Christian workers but His officers have the same simple faith.
One of his soldiers said, "Of course each is held in his present place by a Referring to their escape from Honan
all of our officers are Christians, and sense of duty, in the present chaos of when they were shut in on three sides
eight out of ten of us privates in this China some force is needed to maintain by the enemy and finally extricated
regiment also." When asked if those law and order, to put down banditry, themselves without the loss of a man,
who do not believe speak against or opium smuggling, lawlessness and crime. one of the officers said, "Do you think
persecute those who are Christians he What Cromwell's army was in the dis it strange? Are we not soldiers of the
replied, "Not that I know of. They solute reign of the Stewarts, what Living God? Did Pie not put fear into
know that our leaders are all Chris Washington's unpaid army at Valley the hearts of the enemy?" Such is the
tians, and as for new recruits, they Forge was to America, the Christian simple faith of these men who, as we
fall in at once and commence learning army of General Peng may yet prove to write, are leaving the province of Ho
hymns and the catechism." be in the approaching crisis in China. nan which they have sought to enlight
General Feng has travelled a long en and are now on their way to Peking,
His army has received generous help way in the twenty-two years since he
and guidance from constant visits by the rotten plague center of the graft-
stood a hard and ignorant "heathen" ridden National Government.
"Bob" Gailey, of the Y.M.C.A. at
at the time of the Boxer uprising. He
Peking, whom General Feng asked to The world has not yet seen what God
was then unable to read or write even
hecome his personal adviser; from Mr. could do through a Christian army or
his own name. He lived in an ignorant
(joforth, the Canadian evangelist, and a Christian body of men utterly devoted
and superstitious world of demons and
from several highly trained and able to the service of God and man. I have
"foreign devils" who were stealing
Chinese Christian workers. not found one of these hearty soldiers
Chinese children. Today he is a self-
During our stay in the capital of educated man, almost worshipped by who would not leave the army tomor
Honan, 1 met nearly a thousand of his the Chinese college graduates who know row if he saw any way of bringing
officers at 7:30 a.m. each day after him, leading perhaps the first army of peace to troubled China with its graft
they had finished their morning drill. this century that could be called "Chris ing officials, multiplying bandits and
On Sunday a meeting was arranged tian" in its spirit, personnel and actions. lawlessness that is increasing by leaps
!or some ten thousand soldiers and The general's faith is still primitive and bounds. They can see no other
officers stationed about Kaifeng. But and simple. He unites something of way of maintaining law and order than
while we were with General Feng in the stern discipline and justice of Oliver by the use of a disciplined force. Gen
Honan he received orders to move to Cromwell, the mystical devotion of eral Feng has an army like the Chris
F'eking and take command as inspec Chinese Gordon, the Christian character tian Cornelius, "a captain, a religious
tor general of the National army. We and dignity of Andrew Jackson and the man, who reverenced God with all his
saw him off on the train and owing to faith of Elijah when he prayed for household, who was liberal in his alms
the movement of the troops the large rain. The local missionary, Mr. Potest, to the people, and who constantly-
meeting became impossible. I have told me that during the drought last prayed to God." It is the first Chris
never seen such earnest faces as 1 saw summer, when the people were half tian army I have ever seen. I can only
among the officers of that army morn starving and suffering from lack of contrast it with some of the armies of
ing by morning. Kach man had his rain, when the heavens were brass with the foreign "Christian" nations here
 THE FRIEND January. 1923
14

fapan was not sincere in her policy of Federation, the various church associa
with their blasphemy and venereal dis
restoration ; that she was forced by the tion meetings, spoken twice at the Boy-
ease.
I shall never forget the closing ser Washington Conference to an agree Industrial School and at three public
vice lasting over two hours with nearly ment that she did not like and that she schools, and once 17 of our number gave
a thousand officers. They are ordered intended to evade in every possible a special complete service for radio
to Peking, now the political cesspool of way ; that the so-called restitution of broadcasting which brought much fa
a corrupt body of officials and self-seek Shangtung would in fact be only a vorable comment for the church. Out
form and a sham. side preachers at Kalihi have been
ing military governors. They go with
"What Japan has already done in Revs. Palmer, Shattuck. Scudder, Gali-
their pay months in arrears where cer
withdrawing troops from Tsinanfu and ger. Davis, Countermine, DeKay, Wil
tain jealous officials will be glad to
the railway, from Hankow anil from liams of Kohala, Hall of Kauai, and
starve them out if they can. They will
be exposed to slander, misrepresenta Siberia, the actual handing over of the Mr. Fred Butler.
tion and opposition. Let us pray that barracks and the wireless plant at Tsin Only 17 made efficient use of the
their faith fail net and that perchance, anfu. and the actual withdrawal of all weekly envelopes first used in 1922
like a half starving and unpaid army at her forces from Siberia, seem to have nearly as many more talcing them but
Valley Forge, unsupported by short made little impression on these doubts not using them. The success of the
sighted politicians, they may yet save and suspicions. All these steps are ap effort by a few proves what would hap
the day and play their part in the mak parently believed by many to be merely pen if nearly all could use them, and
clever steps to the more certain engulf the system is being continued. The
ing of the New China.
ing of China in Japan's sinister wiles. church and Sunday School gave during
"In talking with Japanese, members the year for all Christian work $220.
The Chinese-Japanese of the commission and others, the de and paid $187 for other general ex
sire was frequently expressed that these penses. The total additional, expense
Question conferences and especially these objec for salaries, repairs, etc., was $4,370.
As Seen B>> Dr. Gulick tive acts might lead to re-establishment provided by the Prudential Committee,
of friendly relations, which all Japanese except for the regular Hawaiian Board
LETTERS from Dr. Sidney L. Gul
apparently consider highly important grant of $1,200 and $200 from the
ick, secretary of the Federal Coun
cil's Commission on International Jus for Japan. Highly placed Japanese ex church.
pressed their solicitude as to China's The church has had its usual pleasant
tice and Goodwill, who has spent recent
ability to take over and administer effi socials, the ladies monthly "Friendship
months in China conferring with the
ciently the Shantung railway and es Circle," the Sunday School picnic, and
missionaries, Chinese Christian leaders
pecially the splendid city which Ger special Easter and Christmas exercises.
and leaders in the national life, are
many built and which the Japanese etc. The pastor has tried to call at
filled with observations as to the pres
(Continued on page 18) every home of church and Sunday
ent relations between China and Japan.
School at least once, and often several
In Peking he held conferences with
times. The special community features
President Li Yuan Hung, Foreign Min Kalihi Union Church of week-day kindergarten dispensary,
ister S. V. Wellington Koo, and Prime
Minister C. H. Wang. Dr. Wang, who in 1922 playground, etc., continue as usual.
was one of the Chinese delegates to the KALIHI UNION CHURCH has lost Thirty American Standard Bibles
Washington Conference on Limitation 25 members since the last annual have been given to the church to re
of Armaments, recalled with special in meeting, due to one death and to re place old version Bibles, new pulpit
terest the reception given by the Fed vision of the roll : only two having chairs bought, and the Sunday School
eral Council to the Chinese delegates joined during the year. We now have chairs repaired. The church rules have
56 actual members, but are stronger also been revised. The Sunday School
last winter.
Dr. Gulick writes with great appreci than with more dead wood. Four stops the "Cross and Crown" system of
ation of the Chinese people and great babies were baptized during the year, pins with this year, and will give a
sympathy with China's problems. Con two funerals conducted, and four mar Bible for a year's record marks, and
cerning the relations between China riages solemnized. a book for one getting the most new
and lapan he says in a recent letter: Morning services have averaged 42 scholars as represented by metal fish
"From the day that I landed in for the vear. evening services 1(>. the receipts. Mt. 1 :19. The Sunday School
Shanghai until 1 left Peking the most Thursday discussion hour 14, the Sun teachers are now holding occasional
absorbing subject of conversation was day School 108. Morning service and special meetings.
the Shangtung question. Conferences Thursday evenings have increased some Let us remember that we "can do all
between the Japanese and Chinese mem what, evening service being two less, things in Him that strengtheneth us,"
bers of the two Commissions have been and Sunday School three less, due to and "stretch forward to the things
^oing on continuously. Outside of the fewer being present in the summer than which are before. . . Wherefore, my
members of the commisions and those formerly. We enroll ISO in Sunday brethren, beloved and longed for, my
in immediate touch with them and the School, and the three weekly boys joy and crown, so stand fast in the
highest official circles, there seemed to clubs vary in number from just a few Lord, my beloved."
be the deepest distrust of Japan and a in attendance to 35 an evening.
ALBERT S. BAKER,
fixed idea that Japan was certain to put As pastor of this church I have at
something sinister over on China ; that tended the meetings of the Inter-Church Pastor.
January, 1923 THE FRIEND 15

IMPRESSIONS OF THE FAR EAST

(Continued from page 5)
26,000 boys and young men work thirteen hours a day for six cents. In another city, 15,000 boys are
working 18 hours a day, from 5 a.m. to 11 at night as apprentices, with no pay but their food. In the
nig factories the boys work 16 hours a day and seven days a week. For three years' apprenticeship they
receive only their food. No wonder their eyes are being ruined. Some of the more skilled workmen
are getting four dollars a day. NO! I wrote that by mistake. / mean four dollars a MONTH. In a
match factory working over cheap sulphur and phosphorous fumes for fifteen hours a day and seven
days. a week, boys from nine to twelve years old were earning six to ten cents a day. Many factories make
no pretense at safety devices or decent lavatories and no moral oversight of the little girls is attempted.
There is a brighter side, however. Against backgrounds like these, you can find some employers who
are taking decent care of their workers. Several Chambers of Commerce have voted in favor of push
ing three simple resolutions through their guilds as a first step ; more decent hours, one day off in seven,
and proper safety devices and sanitation. The Y. W. and Y. M. C. A. are pressing other improvements.
Many Christian employers are lined up solidly for reform. The hour has come when Christian workers
can press hard for the rights of the poor and a chance for laboring people. Not many strikes are being
won at present but a few big victories show that sometime soon the terrible conditions will be bettere.l.
There is much more hope of improvement coming from the employers than of forcing it by the work
ers themselves. In this China differs a little from the West. But there is a better day coming. Surely
it isn*t necessary to add that the only possible force that can create a better chance for the poor is Chris
tianity. There is mighty little altruism to be found anywhere in China except from Christ*s spirit. Look
at the fine work of C. C. Nieh, the Christian cotton magnate in Shanghai, and the growing group of
earnest men ready to be led in these right lines. Read of the great influence of the Commercial Press,
founded and run by Christians, printing most of the text books for China and giving decent hours and
conditions to three thousand contented workmen when you would ask if our work is paying practical
dividends in the life of China.
Fourth, Missionary Success
Turn to the greatest question of all China. A re Missions making good? Yes! A thousand times
YES ! A newspaper in Peking has been running a popular vote to decide the twelve leading men today
in China. Of the first five, four are Christians, including General Feng as the second to Sun Yat Sen,
and the two Wangs, C. H., the Premier recently resigned, and C. T., who has just received back Shan
tung from the Japanese and has served a few days as temporary Premier. It's only a straw, but it car
ries proof.

^^^^P^tffy

-
Htm ,-<"
QAv
^^■■■Ji^ J^fe^wQ ^ -«-

C. T. WANG GENERAL FENG YU HSIANG

Christian Director of Shantung A living power for Christ
16 THE FRIEND January. 1923

Look for a moment at General Feng. Today there are many hoping' he will get his chance to help
China in a large way. In charge at Peking his future is uncertain but his character and strength are ready.
My brother thinks he is the strongest man in China today. I missed him twice by ill-luck, "lie has the
best disciplined army in China. His soldiers do not loot. When he entered Kaifeng he put on the city
gate the heads of four men caught looting. His men don't drink or smoke or gamble. They work and
that is saying a lot. They make their own uniforms and tents and shoes and run a food-canning factory
for their needs. The General works every day one hour at the forge as an example. He studies his Bible
from 4 :30 to 5 every morning, has an hour with his Chinese secretary and another with his English sec
retary. Drills his men personally, placards the city walls with posters on education and the right use of
time and against opium and foot-binding.
Last summer when his army saved Peking from Chang Tso Lin his men marched to battle singing
"Onward, Christian Soldiers." I had a great time with his Brigadier-General Chang. How he did pour
out his soul to those students in Pao Ting Fu. Told them China needed Christian leaders more than any
thing else. He is a great speaker and a fire-eating fighter and a true Christian. Before his men attacked
last summer he had prayer with his officers. They told the Lord they hated to kill anybody but had to
do it for the good of China. Then 700 men beat off 3000 of the enemy and held the railroad junction for
three days until Feng came up in support against 20.000 of the other kind of soldiers.
Dr. George L. Richards of Fall River, has been travelling around the world visiting all the medical
work of our Board except in Africa. He and Mrs. Richards and I agree here on the ship that just one
thing is clear in China. Missions and the missionaries are the one factor of greatest hope in a day of
black darkness. The medical work is supremely practical. All Boards together are treating over 700.000
cases a year in China alone. It is only a beginning. Yes, but it is helping to meet the terrible needs
here. It costs such a tiny sum for the vast good done.
In education the bright spot is the Christian schools over this land. Government plans have gone
to pieces. In 1919 when over one hundred millions were spent for the armies, only three millions got
into education. But the schools of our Board are turning out the right sort of material. Our men from
Tunghsien and Peking and Foocbow and all the rest are taking leading places in character and effective
leadership. We simply cannot hold back our gifts for such work. There is a day coming and not so far
away when the Christian trained leaders will stand forth ready for their hour of opportunity. The future
is with them as with no others.
The spiritual work is succeeding. You have read of the new day up in Shensi and Shansi and the
story of Pao Ting Fu with its bright days ahead. I have seen equal chances down in Foochow even if I
had to miss the great work being done by Ed Smith at Ingtai and the group up at Shaowu. It is true
that some of the churches over here need a new awakening just as we do in America and that not 100
per cent of the members here are soul winners or devoted stewards and givers. Let the church back
home that has no failure to record, cast the first stone.
Our stations are well placed and are working on right plans. We have some big problems and not
many reasons for self praise, but you friends of the old Board can be proud of most of those who repre
sent you. Many of their problems we could meet by better support. They are asking in every place
WHY HAS THE BOARD'S INCOME FALLEN OFF SO TRAGICALLY? Have I done right in
answering that our loyalty at home was never greater. That last year's slump was caused by the busi
ness depression and a year of rather ineffective cultivation in the whole denomination ; that things look
much brighter ahead and that the column of individual gifts and church gifts are both going to show
a real increase this year.
That is where we come in. After seeing the needs and the chances of success out here I am for
telling these devoted friends that they can count on generous support and some real sacrificial giving at
home if the story can reach the hearts of all of us. In the months ahead can we plan with definite pur
pose and with no small joy some real giving for this work that is ours and yet is our Lord's also. A
few will plan large gifts for buildings and endowment where they are needed and the rest of us will seek
out our share and do it fully. There is no other solution of the world's terrible needs today except the
Kingdom of Righteousness, taught by Christ and now growing into the ends of the Earth and we are
its members.

Yours, in this partnership,

BREWER EDDY.
Honolulu,
January 16, 1923.
January, 1923 THE FRIEND 17

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 THE FRIEND January. 1923
18

<TKe Ckinese-Japanese Question

(Continued from page 14)

r^ We convert your rare

have extended in area and construc
tion. In this anxiety practically all
vase into a Vase Lamp
Americans shared and even many Chi
of rare beauty. A wide nese also.
variety of fascinating "Among the most important Ameri
cans with whom I talked, however.
silk and parchment shades
those who have immediate access to the
here especially for that facts, the attitude was quite different.
use. They stated without qualification that
Japan's policy toward China has funda
mentally changed; that at the Wash
ington Conference a new spirit was de
veloped, which is now being put into
action ; that the various deeds already
to Japan's credit are producing a new
relationship ; and that leading Chinese
are greatly relieved and even pleased
W-W-Dirc\or\d8c(?LTD
II THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES" V*
with the turn of affairs.
53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU "The fact seems to be that Japa
nese militarists still have considerable
influence and are striving in the con
ferences to make the Chinese pay as
large a sum as possible for the proper
We Are All Working Men and Women ties to be returned : the Chinese dele
gates on the other hand are seeking to
Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law cut the costs down to a minimum. This
yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled' financial bone of contention is tending
labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one to conceal the larger significance of
finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own what Japan is agreeing to do, or rath
special need. er has already agreed to. The financial
We will welcome your account. haggling spoils the splendid psycho
logical opportunity of the Japanese in
THE RANKOFHAWA1I.LTD\\ returning the whole area in such a
fashion as to arouse confidence and
BRANCHES goodwill. Japan seems to have lost the
UHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR opportunity of doing a dramatically
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 THE FRIEND

HOYAL AMERICANS in spirit, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Sakamaki,

of Olaa, Hawaii, have desired nothing more than that their sons should
make a contribution to the land of their adoption.
The foundation of their home life is, first of all. Christian. In it also
is the essence of hard work, of honor, of fair play—of love one toward
another.
Their sons are the stuff that loyal Americans are made of. Paul, in
the rear center, is a student at the University of Hawaii. George at the left
and Shunzo at the right are winners of 1922 and 1923 Friend Peace
Scholarships.

Hon. S. C. Huber and Consul-General Tamasaki on

DUAL CITIZENSHIP
in tkis issue

HONOLULU FEBRUARY, 1923 HAWAII

26 THE FRIEND February, 1923

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 THE FRIEM£> OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, FEBRUARY, 1923. No. 2

Dual Citizenship
By Hon. Seba C. Huber
THIS brief consideration of the sub vision into the 14th Amendment to
ject of dual citizenship will be "Our governments should bear in the Constitution.
confined largely to the phases of the mind that "no man can serve two The laws of Portugal, Holland and
question which are of greatest in masters" and that while our laws may Denmark differ from those of Eng
terest to the United States and to impose a condition of dual citizenship land and the United States in that while
Japan. The term "citizenship" as used upon an individual, no person can bear they claim as citizens all children born on
herein refers to the status of being true allegiance to two sovereigns at their soil, they allow the children of
a member of an independent nation, the same time. The right to expatri alien parents, when they reach their
and as such being subject to its laws ate and the right of selecting the na majority, to elect whether they will
and entitled to its protection. tion to which one gives allegiance are retain the citizenship of the nation
It must be conceded that every na essential to the full enjoyment of life, within which they were born or
tion has a right to prescribe its own whether they will take the citizen
liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
conditions of citizenship. It is be ship of the nation of their fathers.
cause the conditions prescribed by to the nation to which their fathers England and the United States do not
•the laws of the various nations are grant this privilege of election.
belong.
not uniform that a situation arises Following the dark ages came the Certain European nations, including
whereby two nations claim the alle Feudal System, and with it the rule France, Spain, Belgium, Greece and
giance of the same individual at the known as "lex sole" or the law of Italy, provide that while the children
same time, thereby creating dual citi citizenship by place of birth. Accord born within their borders, whose fath
zenship. ing to the feudal idea birth on an ers are aliens, are citizens of the
Citizenship can be acquired only by inanimate piece of land created a country to which their fathers belong,
birth or by naturalization. There are relation to the land which was im if upon obtaining their majority, said
two general rules applicable to citizen mutable and every person born with children elect to renounce the citizen
ship by birth. The first of these is in the territorial limits of a nation ship of the country of their fathers
known as "lex naturale," or the law thereby became a citizen of that na and to take the citizenship of the
of nature, according to which, mem tion. However, while claiming as land of their birth, they may do so
bership in a given nation is held to citizens the children of aliens born by such election. Under the laws of
descend as a birthright, each child on their soil, the same nations, at the the United States children born abroad
taking the citizenship of its father. same time, also claimed as their citi whose; fathers are citizens of the
This rule of citizenship by descent is zens, children born abroad, of parents United States, if said children con
sometimes called the "universal rule" owing allegiance to such nations. This tinue to reside abroad, must, upon
for the reason that not only was it the forced dual citizenship upon all chil reaching the age of 18, record their
sole rule known to the ancient na dren born out of the territorial limits intention to remain citizens of the
tions, but because it is adopted by of the country of which their fathers United States ; otherwise they are
every civilized nation today. The were citizens. presumed to have expatriated them
children of Hebrews born in Egypt With the passing of the Feudal selves.
were not Egyptians but Israelites. System, the nations of Europe began Japan, like most of the nations of
The children of Greek and Roman to discard the rule of acquiring citi Europe, does not claim as its citizens
fathers born outside of the dominions zenship by place of birth and to ad the children, born on its soil, of alien
of Greece and Rome were Greeks and here only to the natural law of acquir parents. As to Japanese, dual citizen
Romans: while the children of aliens ing citizenship by parentage. France ship results solely from the fact that
horn within the territorial limits of made the change with the adoption of the United States adopts the Feudal
Greece and Rome remained citizens the "Code Napoleon" in the days of rule of acquiring citizenship by birth
of the nation to which their fathers Bonaparte. At the present time, on on the soil.
belonged. the continent, Portugal, Holland and In this connection it may be well to
Likewise, according to the laws of Denmark are the only nations which note that under the laws of the United
both the United States and of Japan, still adhere to it. England retains this States, aliens can become citizens by
children, born abroad, whose fathers rule and the United States has fol naturalization, only if they are white
are citizens of either of said nations lowed England. In the year 1868, the persons, negroes or Filipinos. The
are Americans or Japanese according United States incorporated this pro yellow race and brown race, except
_'S THE FRIEND February, 1923

Filipinos, cannot become citizens by Let us apply the foregoing to con time. The right to expatriate and the
naturalization. This makes an incon crete illustrations. When a child whose right of selecting the nation to which
sistency in our law on this subject father is an American citizen is born in one gives allegiance are essential to the
which can be remedied in one of two Japan, such child by the laws both of full enjoyment of life, liberty and the
ways, either by altering the 14th the United States and of Japan, is an pursuit of happiness. This was recog
Amendment to the Constitution so as American citizen only. Japan makes no nized by Cicero who said, "Every man
to make it apply only to the children claim to it. When the child of a Japan ought to be able to retain or to re-
of parents who are themselves eligible ese father is born in the United States, nouuce the right of membership in a
to naturalization, or by amending our such child, by the laws of the United society, . . . This is the firmest founda
law on naturalization so as to remove States, is a citizen of the United States tion of liberty." Also by Webster, in
the color qualification. As the law now by reason of its place of birth; and, his work on Citizenship where he says,
stands, color disqualifies one from ac by the laws of Japan, is a Japanese citi "Any restriction for reason of locality
quiring citizenship by naturalization, zen by reason of its parentage. of birth is an injury to the general
but is no obstacle to acquiring citizen If a child born in Japan whose father good of mankind. Justice demands that
ship by birth. is an American citizen, at any time ex a person should enjoy the right of ex
patriation."
Again dual citizenship arises from a cept when the United States is at war,
lack of uniformity in the laws of the acquires citizenship in Japan by the
several nations on the subject of ex naturalization of its father while it is
patriation. Expatriation is the act of yet a minor or by its own naturalization The Peace Contest
renouncing citizenship in and allegiance after reaching majority, the United A Review of the Friend Peace
to a country. In other words, it is the States releases such child from all Scholarship Contest
withdrawing of membership from a obligations of United States citizenship IF the declarations made in their
nation. and no longer makes any claim to his essays by many young Americans of
allegiance. On the other hand, a male Japanese parentage is any criterion of
The United States and a few Euro child of Japanese parents born in Amer
pean countries grant the right of ex ica may be released from the obligations the trend of thought among their fel
patriation almost without restriction. and duties of Japanese citizenship only lows, we need have no fear as to the
An American citizen who becomes a by making proper application before it future of American ideals so far as this
citizen of another nation is thereafter reaches the age of 18. If this is not newer element of our citizenship is
recognized by the United States as a done, Japan still retains its claims, and concerned.
citizen of such nation and is released until after the age of 17 is passed, con Another contest has just been com
from all of the obligations of citizen pleted and the awards announced, thus
sent to expatriate will not be granted. marking another step forward in The
ship to the United States, and is ac
The embarrassment to Japanese chil Friend's program for promoting peace
corded all of the rights and privileges
dren who are born in the United States between the two strongest nations on
that belong to such acquired citizenship.
who are claimed by both countries the Pacific—America and Japan. The
Japan and certain European nations, grows out of the conflict of laws here Friend, through the generosity pf
among which are France, Italy and inabove stated. The remedies suggest one of its supporters, awards $2000 to
Switzerland, grant the right of ex ed are that the United States discard the winner of the Peace Scholarship
patriation upon condition that the the Feudal law of acquiring citizenship Contest, the money being paid out in
citizen wishing to transfer his alle by place of birth, and that Japan amend four annual instalments of $500 each
giance shall first have obtained the con its law so as to permit children born and to be used as a scholarship fund to
sent of the Sovereign, and unless this in the United States of parents who are pay tuition and expenses at any Amer
consent is obtained, they do not recog Japanese citizens to expatriate at any ican college or university elected by
nize the acquired citizenship as in any age. the winner.
way affecting their right to require such If unwilling to go this far, the United Many essays were sent this year to
person to perform all of the duties of States, to be consistent, should alter the the committee, all from young Hawaii-
citizenship required under their laws. 14th Amendment to the Constitution, at born Japanese. The significance is not
The reason for the rule last stated least to the extent hereinbefore suggest alone in the declarations made and the
is that the nations adhering to it claim ed ; and, Japan should raise the age ideals expressed in these essays, but
the right to the military service of their within which children of Japanese par rather it shows the trend of thought
male citizens and for that reason either ents born in the United States are per among the young people of Japanese
refuse consent during the military age mitted to expatriate at least to the age parentage in general.
or grant it only on prescribed con of majority or preferably to age 24. The general topic announced by the
ditions. Under the laws of Japan a Boys 17 years of age and younger are committee this year was "The Case
male citizen, physically capable of bear not yet sufficiently mature to make so Against Dual Citizenship," for it was felt
ing arms and not exempt from doing important an election. that one of the gravest problems in
so, is not granted permission to expatri Our governments should bear in mind maintaining permanently peaceful rela
ate between the age of 18 and 37. The that "no man can serve two masters" tions between nations of the Pacific lies
law of the United States reads, "That and that while our laws may impose a in dual citizenship. No intimation was
no American citizen shall be allowed condition of dual citizenship upon an made by the committee that essavs
to expatriate himself when this country individual, no person can bear true alle support any single nation or declare for
is at war." giance to two sovereigns at the same (Continued on page 32)
 February, 1923 THE FRIEND 29

I 923 Friend Peace Scholarship Axtfard

The promotion of friendly rela- passed into the code of the Israel "A person holding a civil, military
lons between Japan and America ites, and into the laws of Greece and or naval office shall not lose his
as been the aim of the Friend Rome, and the early Germans. Un Japanese nationality unless he re
'eace Scholarships since their In- der the influence of feudal Ideas, linquishes his office."
eption in 1911. Since that time 14 which stressed the relationship of This process of expatriation, as
Indents have come from Japan for the individual to the land, the "jus set by the Japanese law. Is some
r»rk in American colleges. Through soil," for a time, supplanted the what complicated and bound by
he efforts of the committee in Ho- rule of blood relationship. Even much red tape so that many Ha
Kilulu these students have had today, in Norway, for example, waiian-born Japanese, fearing the
eculiar advantages in meeting aliens appointed to positions in the complications fail to act. I would
riendly personages and in gaining civil service automatically become suggest that the process be simpli
n insight into the best traditions citizens. In various Latin states, fied so that there will be little diffi
f American home life. the purchase of real estate has a culty in expatriating oneself.
Some of these students have re- similar effect. Should Be Age Limit
irned to Japan and have interpret- The revival of the old Roman law
I the spirit of America to their in the middle ages brought the "jus I believe in this measure of modi
fllow countrymen. Others have sanguinis" back into general favor, fied expatriation as a temporary
Mitinued in America or abroad in and it is today the principle ac solution to the problem, but I feel
ositions of trust. All, with the cording to which citizenship is de that there should be no age limit
tception of those unable to con- termined in practically all of con for boys as well as girls. Hawaiian-
nue for reasons of ill health, have tinental Europe and in Japan. born Japanese should be able to ex
roved sound international invest- On the other hand, the "jus soli," patriate themselves from Japan at
.ents. first introduced in England at the any time they so desire.
A new plan was inaugurated in time of the Norman conquest, has America gives her citizens the full
122, by which the movement begun continued to prevail there; and power of expatriation. An Amer
1 Tokio was transferred to Ha- from England it was brought to ican citizen may, at any time, for
aii. By this plan, Japanese stu- English-speaking America, as part swear his allegiance to the United
mts eligible to compete must have of the common law. The supreme States and become a naturalized
fed in the territory for five years, court of our republic early declared citizen or subject of any other
ust not be over 21 years of age that citizenship by birth was to be country. This is an amendment to
id must have a diploma from some determined according to this prin the general law of nations upon this
cognized public or private high ciple: and by stipulating that all point. The only nation which has
hool. persons born in the United States fully followed the United States in
George Sakamaki of Olaa, and a and subject to the jurisdiction this respect is Great Britain. Ja
udent at the Hilo High school, thereof should be considered citi pan would do well to follow the pre
U the first to qualify under the zens, the fourteenth amendment to cedent set by her Pacific neighbor,
Kr plan. our national constitution reenacted and grant full power of expatria
His brother, Shunzo, a senior In the common law rule and incorpor SHUNZO SAKAMAKI tion to children born to her subjects
* Hilo High school, was awarded ated in in the constitution. The abroad.
e 1923 prize. rule has been held to be no less ap two neighbors of the Pacific, and Dual citizenship becomes of con
The essay upon which, together plicable to children born to alien so it must be removed. Although, siderable importance when viewed
th testimony regarding his char parents who are ineligible to natur as yet, it has not given rise to any in connection with the land laws of
ter, scholarship and participa alization than to the offspring of serious trouble between the two Hawaii. These laws make illegal
nt in school activities, the award parents who are eligible. powers, its possibilities are too the ownership of land by aliens
is made, follows: The doctrine of "jus soli" Is not great to be ignored by either nation. Ineligible for citizenship, which
followed completely or exclusively, lands were not acquired through in
Modified Privilege heritance or in the collection of
however. In the first place, the As a temporary step toward the debts. Yet here are minors owning
he Case Against phrase "and subject to the juris
diction thereof" sets up a qualifi
final solution of this great problem, land as American citizens by birth,
cation. Thus, children born to Japan has offered Hawaiian-born who may, nevertheless, be Japanese
Dual Citizenship foreign diplomatic representatives Japanese the privilege of modified
expatriation. This is a credit to the
subjects by the claim of Japan or
by their own choice, whose property
By SHUNZO SAKAMAKI in the United States are considered policy of Japan, as she is the only is being administered by aliens in
Oual citizenship is a problem that to be subject to the jurisdiction of nation in the whole world, following eligible to citizenship. This should
allenges the entire civilized world the states which the minister or the code of jus sanguinis absolutely, persuade America to make an im
today. It is a grave hindrance ambassador represents, and not to that offers this liberal privilege. In mediate diplomatic negotiations with
the social and political machine the Jurisdiction of the United Article 20 of the Japanese law of Japan to reach a better mutual
the world, but will never be States. But children born in the nationality we find the following understanding as to the citizenship
idicated as long as people con- United States to consuls and to provisions for expatriation: of the Hawaiian-born Japanese. A
ue to move from one country to other foreign citizens, residing or "A Japanese who has acquired a single citizenship is the only remedy
jther and as long as the different temporarily sojourning here, are foreign nationality on account of to this economic problem.
Lions hold different codes of held to be natural-born citizens, his (or her) birth in a foreign coun Viewing the problem of dual
izenship. An immediate and for the reason that, being covered try, can expatriate himself (or her citizenship from another economic
ppy solution to the problem re- by no diplomatic immunity, they self) from Japan with the permis standpoint, we come to the matter
res our deepest study and con- are subject to American jurisdic sion of the minister of home affairs, of the education of these new Amer
eration and an earnest inter- tion. provided that he (or she) has a icans. If Japan insists and presses
.ional cooperation in an en- Let us now consider the citizen domicile in that country. her claims on these young people,
ivor to arrive at some universal ship laws of Japan. Japan has "If he (or she) is under 15 years why should Uncle Sam pay for their
■eement on citizenship. adopted the "jus sanguinis" prin of age. the application for permis education from his own purse?
jet us consider briefly the citizen - ciple of nationality. According to sion mentioned above shall be made Why should they eat the substance
p regulations of the world. Ogg this code, all children born to her by his (or her) legal representative; of his land in order that they may-
I Ray tell us that there are many subjects are also subjects of Japan, if he (or she) is a minor over 15 become efficient citizens of another
ferent modes of acquiring citi- notwithstanding where their birth years of age, or an incompetent nation? This certainly is not fair
ship. Historically, the acquisi- place. And so, Japan claims as her person, said application shall be to America and her taxpayers. So
j of citizenship by birth has been subjects all children born to her made with the consent of his (or down with the situation that en
ermined according to two dif- subjects in Hawaii by the code of her) legal representative. ables a foreign nation to claim our
»nt principles, both of which find blood relationship while America "The application or consent by citizens as hers.
ognition in the present practise claims them as her citizens by the a stepfather, stepmother, natural
the United States of America. code of "jus soli," or the law of mother or guardian mentioned in Is Subject to Call
» of these principles, the "jus citizenship by land. the previous paragraphs shall re Then again, a Hawaiian-born
jruinis," construes the nation The problem of dual citizenship quire the consent of a family Japanese, educated into a splendid
s' of the child to be the same as in Hawaii is the natural result of council. American, when registered by his
t of the parents or one of them, two diametrically opposed codes of "One who expatriates himself (or parents, finds himself subject to
ardless of the place of birth. citizenship in active operation in herself) from Japan loses his (or the call of Japan If he has not yet
; other is the "jus soli," accord- the same community. The duty of her) Japanese nationality." taken the lengthy steps of expatri
to which nationality is de- both America and Japan now is to Article 24 further provides the ating himself from Japan. If, be
nined by the place of birth, ir- reach some international agreement following? fore the age of 37, he happens to
jective of the citizenship of the that will forever eradicate this ser "A man over the age of 17 shall pay a purely business, social or even
ents. . . ious handicap to the Americans born not lose his Japanese nationality political trip to Japan, being still
Followed in Antiquity in Hawaii to Japanese subjects. unless he has completed his active subject to military service, he may
he "jus sanguinis," which was Dual citizenship Is a source of con service in the army or navy or be forced into military training
unonly followed in antiquity, stant misunderstanding between the is exempt from it. against his will. The United States
 30 THE FRIEND February, 1923

will be powerless to act in his be anese, who have received proper Japan whereby this happy solution education and training. Our sen
half, if he is forced into the Jap education to fully appreciate Amer can be made. are producing men, not nationals
anese military service, for she must ican citizenship, is indisputably On the other hand, the question Charles Eugene Banks, editor
recognize the sovereignty of the clear for America. By virtue of may be asked, 'How about ilie Ha the Hilo Daily Post-Heraio.
code of "jus sanguinis" within the their birth and the rights granted waiian born citizens who wish to remarked in one of his splendid
borders and jurisdiction of Japan. to them under the constitution of become Japanese subject"'.'" The itorials.
That is another reason why we the United States of America, they answer I would give to such a ques As to physical assimilation:
must have single citizenship. are American citizens and Amer tion is that, if there be any Ameri naturally fail to see any spec
Why is dual citizenship rorced icans the greater majority of them can citizen in this territory who ular change in the color of
by the Japanese parents upon his will be, if occasion demands them wishes to be a subject of the mika and physical features in the !
American -born child? The law re to meet the greatest test of true do, and I doubt it, he can grow up Americans, but we do see in sta
lating to the registration of births patriots—that of sacrificing their in peace as a Japanese subject —IN significant differences between
was designed, not with reference to live?< for the American republic. JAPAN! America gives him ab waiian born Japanese and J;
Hawaii, but rather to Japan herself. However, taking a semi-extremist solute right to expatriate himself born boys. Our Hawaiian
Like similar laws in the United view of the problem of the loyalty youth reaches a greater ave
States and all other civilized na of these new Americans, we can see from the land of his birth at any
where the question might arise as time he so desires. But his place height than the Japan born
tions, it was devised solely to en and is usually more supple
able the bureau of vital statistics to their loyalty should there be war ought to be in Japan and not in
to keep full and absolute records. between America and Japan. War Hawaii. sturdy. Scientists Dave also pn
between these two countries seems The handicap of dual citizenship that the Hawaiian born youth
Citizenship is a legal status, and must be removed from the Hawai velops slight Anglo-Saxon te
can be acquired only by taking the unlikely and improbable, for they
are now on the friendliest of dip ian born Japanese. An American characteristics with continued
steps required by law. To establish of Japanese parentage finds no ol the English language. It is
American citizenship the Hawaiian- lomatic relations, and yet. we must
remember that many a country has Kieater bar across his path of hap- that the Hawaiian born Japa
born Japanese must prove the fact have not made the rapid strid<
of his birth on American soil. To engaged in bloody struggles with a T'mess than that which he finds in
once friendly nation, in struggles uis peculiar position of being a physical change that extremists
acquire the right to vote, he must niand, yet If we consider Ameri
register with the proper legal au that were brought about, not by dual citizen. No matter how loyal
thority as a voter. To acquire Jap intention, but by some unlooked for a youth may be to the land of his ization to be the assimilation o:
anese citizenship, he must register disagreement. And so, taking the Dirth, to the principles upon which American spirit and princ
with a representative of the Jap extremist's viewpoint let us suppose that country is builded, he is, as a rather than the loss of racial i
anese government. Without such that there is war between America registered citizen of Japan, placed tity we must say that the Haw:
registration with the Japanese con and Japan. under a cloud of suspicion. His born boys have certainly ba
sul, no person is recognized as a 50 Per Cent Japanese motives are questioned and he Is very much Americanized. Am
Japanese subject of the government. The land that will be affected thought to be straddling the fence should encourage them to gr
As a legal entity he simply does not most seriously by such a war is our for his own selfish ends, so that men assimilation by establishing
exist, so far as the Japanese gov Hawaiian islands. With a popula hesitate to place him in positions of American citizenship.
ernment is concerned. No one tion almost 50 per cent Japanese. responsibility. That is the seventh Dual citizenship is no vague
questions the legal right of the par Hawaii will probably experience one reason why we must have single shadowy issue in any land
ent to force Japanese citizenship of the greatest internal struggles citizenship. to any government, and for
upon his child. But, if the child is ever recorded in the history of na Just as our Saviour taught us that territory it is an especially ui
to be brought up as a Japanese tions. And now. in case we should "no man can serve two masters" so issue that calls for an earlj
and not as an American, if the in have war with Japan, what stand we know today that no man can newal of diplomatic negotia
terests of Japan are to be placed would the Hawaiian-born Japanese serve two nations. He simply can between America and Japan,
above the interests of America, the take? not serve two countries, especially two powers preeminently conc<
parent should make clear that his The "dual citizens" will naturally two having different ideals and dif in the problem. Japan has of
child is a subject of Japan. At the find themselves in a very perplex ferent forms of government, such modified expatriation as a
same time, however, he should re ing as well as embarrassing situa as America and Japan. He will be porary solution to the solution
nounce the American right of citi tion. On the one side they will a good citizen of the one and a bad the Hawaiian born Japanese
zenship. see the forces of Japan, including citizen of the other, or vice versa. quest that Japan relinquisn
In coming to the stand of the their beloved parents and their Jap In any case, he is an international claim upon them. America
"dual citizens" themselves, we shall anese friends. On the other side nuisance, hindering the progress of been indifferent long enough,
first study their political conception they will see the legions of America, both nations. Since dual citizen she must no longer be dorma
of the situation. It is not an ex the land of their birth and natural ship is not the result of intention the seriousness of this pre
aggerated statement, when the devotion. Family ties will weigh of either country nor the fault of which affects the life, liberty
actual facts are laid bare, that the mightily against the great desire any person, but is the result of the the pursuit of happiness of s
Hawaiian-born Japanese, as a they may have to be loyal to the application of two diametrically op of thousands of her citizens i
whole, have only a vague under country of their birth. Although posed codes of citizenship, let us ing in her territory.
standing, if any at all, of the gov there is no doubt that a great ma make haste to arrive at some inter Neither country is at fault
ernment of Japan. The Japanese jority would bear arms under the children born to Japanese sul
language schools have done sig national agreement whereby there
nificantly little toward giving in ■ Stars and Stripes, still there will shall be no more "dual citizens." are claimed as citizens by Art
struction in Japanese history and remain _ a large number of those and as subjects by Japan,
with the limited education who will Younger Generation. both nations are at fault if
her civic laws, and it is in very
rare cases, indeed if in any, that be Influenced by the older genera The question of assimilation and fail to respond to the plea o
parents have taken the trouble to tion into enlisting for the mikado. amalgamation has been brought up "dual citizens" and reach an
inform their children of these That Is another reason why we time and again with reference to solution to the problem,
things. must have single citizenship in Ha the Japanese in Hawaii. Our ques should liberate these thousan
waii. tion being concerned with the children from the yoke of dua'
The result is that the Hawaiian- younger generation, let us see if zenship. These children ask
born Japanese, as a whole, know This possible cleavage in the
just about this much concerning ranks of the Hawaiian born Jap the Hawaiian-born Japanese are square deal from the count:
the politics of Japan: That it is anese should not be but will prob being Americanized as they should their parents and grandsires
an island empire and a consti ably occur as the natural result of be, if they are adapting themselves urge the United States to
tutional monarchy. On the other dual citizenship. Therefore . Japan to American life and principles immediate and definite step
hand, due to the efficient public should relinquish every claim she- enough to justify America's claim ward establishing them as 1C
school system in the Hawaiian is makes on the Hawaiian born Jap on them as her citizens. cent American citizens In the
lands, the local born Japanese ac anese, so that their stand as Ameri So far as Intellectual, moral and ot their birth and devotion, i
quire a very clear and definite un can citizens will be indisputable. spiritual assimilation is concerned. ica and Japan must respond.
derstanding of the American system Then, in the event of a war with I believe that the new Americans will respond. In any case, I
of government. And the more they Japan, there will be no paternal have shown a remarkable ability not what course America
learn about it the better they pressure exerted to influence the and inclination towards making the Japan may take, I know not
like It. young Americans into enlisting for American life their life. American solution may be reached, nor
Japan, to the Hawaiian-born Jap the mikado They will then be free habits their habits, and American you may think, but as for me,
anese, is a foreign country in which tn enlist under Old Glory with no ideals their ideals. The excellent izen in the greatest republ
they entertain no particular In charges of being traitors to Japan. public school system of these is earth, give me AMERICAN
terest, aside from the fact that it is If captured they would be treated lands is giving them a liberal ZENSHIP or give me NONE
the land of their parents and the as prisoners of war and not as training in American studies, and
home of their grandsires. But, on traitors. That is the sixth great they have shown themselves to be After the award of the 1923
the other hand. America is to them reason why we must have single the match of Anglo-Saxon students the winner's attention was
the land of their loftiest ideals, of citizenship in Hawaii. in scholarship and ability to learn to a technicality which rai
their brightest hopes, of their great Hawaii has produced some notable
est opportunities, and of their high Must Play Square point of issue. Lest this poi
est ambitions, citizenship in this Now, after having viewed the examples of this truth. Several ter feet the fairness of the awa
great republic is to them a badge problem in the light of Its extreme ritorial prizes, besides many local offered to relinquish the sc
of honor and distinction. This is possibilities, we come to conclude prizes, have been won by these ne^\ ship. In view of his feeling
another reason why we must have that Japan must play square with Americans in competition with the
descendants of other races. The matter, and of the extreme
single citizenship in Hawaii. the children born to her subjects
It has been well said, that where in Hawaii, and grant them full recent oratorical contest held in r.ess of the competition, the
''e question of allegiance to the American citizenship. And Ameri Honolulu attests most significantly mittee decided to divide the
of their birth is involved, the ca's duty to her new citizens is to to the ability of the Hawaiian born arship with Miss Esther Oga
of the Hawaiian-born Jap renew diplomatic negotiations with Japanese to make the best of their Maui High School.
 February, 1923 THE FRIEND 31

Consul-General Yamasaki on Dual Citizenship

THE law of nationality of Japan of the Law of Nationality, shall apply ents avail themselves of the facilities
adopts the principle of continental to the Minister for Home Affairs offered to them for the expatriation of
countries of Europe, while the United through the Japanese diplomatic or their chlidren.
States fall in line with England in the consular representative in the country
regulations of citizenship. This dif where he (or she) is located furnishing
ference in legal principle causes dual the following information: Who Is the Friend Peace
citizenship in Hawaii. The question of 1. Copy of the family register.
dual citizenship does not arise only Scholar?
2. Birth certificate issued or certi
with the children of Japanese parent HE IS, first of all, the product of a
fied to by the authorities of the country
age but with the children born of par Christian home. He is a full-
in which he (or she) was born.
ents of many European nationalities. fledged American and thinks in terms
3. If he (or she) has visited Japan,
That the dual citizenship is discussed of democracy. He is a leader in his
state the number of visits and duration
in connection with the children of school, in his church and among the
of his (or her) stay in Japan each
Japanese parentage in Hawaii is be young people of his community.
time.
cause they constitute no small portion 4. State the year in which the parents He is the third in a family of seven
of all Hawaiian-born children. established their domicile in the country children and has worked after school
To provide for expatriation from where the child was born. hours, latterly with the Hilo Post Her
Japan of American-born children of 5. Names of the relatives living with ald in a reportorial capacity, and dur
Japanese nationality, Paragraph 1 of the child and their relationship to the ing summer vacations.
the second clause of Article 20 of the child. He was the winner of the Anti-Sa
Japanese Nationality Law sets forth as 6. Statement of consent given by the loon League oratorical prize and pre
follows: legal representative if the applicant is viously won second prize in an Ameri
"A Japanese, who has acquired a a minor over the age of 17 or is an can Legion contest.
foreign nationality on account of his incompetent person. Before the Friend Peace Scholarship
(or her) birth in the foreign country, 7. Statement of consent given by the award a number of voluntary letters
can expatriate himself (or herself) from family conucil if the application or the of recomendation were received by the
Japan with the permission of the Minis legal representative's consent requires Committee.
ter for Home Affairs, provided that he it. His pastor. Rev. P. E. Huyler, said
(or she) has a domicile in that coun 8. Documents proving that the appli of him,
try." cant has completed active service in the "He is a faithful member of our Sun
It is to be pointed out that, while army or navy or is exempt from it, if day School, and, although Japanese,
girls can expatriate themselves any he is a man over the age of 17 years." has so completely come to understand
time regardless of age, boys should do I am advising Japanese parents living the American spirit, that our young
so before they reach the age of 17 in Hawaii to take steps as early as pos people feel that he is entirely one of
years. sible for expatriation of their children them. He has visted in my home and
The second clause of Article 20 fur born in the Territory according to the is a most courteous and thoughtful
ther provides that "if he (or she) is existing regulations as mentioned above. guest, as courteous and thoughtful as
under 15 years of age the application Although their number does not yet any American young man from the best
for permission mentioned above shall amount to many, some children have al of homes could be. He understands the
be made by his (or her) legal repre ready expatriated themselves through meaning of Christianity and as far as
sentative ; if he (or she) is a minor my office. The Minister for Home Af it is posible for a High School boy to
over 15 years of age or an incompe fairs is ready to grant a permission for practice Christianity, Shunzo follows
tent person, said application shall be expatriation when he receives the appli in a sturdy, boyish way the teachings
made with the consent of his (or her) cation. It is absolutely untrue that the of Christ."
legal representative." Japanese Government grudges to grant Writing of his student activities,
The second clause also provides that such a permission. In! my personal Charles A. Vaile had the following to
"the application or consent by a step opinion, the age limit for boys could as say:
father, stepmother, legitimate mother well be lifted so that they can expatri "It has been Shunzo's leadership that
or guardian mentioned in the previous ate themselves at any age. The confer has kept the Hi-Y work alive and grow
paragraph shall require the consent of ence of Japanese Consuls recently held ing in the absence of a regular Y. sec
a family council." in San Francisco made a recommenda retary. He has also been president of
Regarding the procedure for expatri tion to the Japanese Government along the Stundent Council and shows that he
ation. Article 1 of the Regulation is that line. While it may take some time is a leader in both the religious and
sued by the Department for Home Af for the amendment of the Nationality other activities of the school life. He
fairs on July 19th, 1916, stipulates as Law lifting the age limit to be adopted has impressed me as being a quiet,
follows : by the Japanese Diet. I personally think thoughtful, unassuming boy and it has
"Any person who desires to expatri that the practical solution of dual citi seemed to me that he has the person
ate himself (or herself) from Japan zenship lies in a better education of par ality that makes the other students be
under the second clause of Article 20 ents with a view to making the par lieve in him and follow his lead."
32 THE FRIEND February, 1923

Shunzo's father, Mr. Frank Saka problems, as affecting Japan and Amer The winner is a student in Hilo High
maki, has been with Olaa Plantation for ica and showing why dual citizenship school.
almost twenty-four years and holds a should be done away with, the writer of The committee, in awarding this
position of high trust. He, of his own the winning essay declares that Japan scholarship, had before them not only
initiative, organized an Anti-Saloon should so change her laws of citizen the essays but also some general in
League at Olaa a number of years ago ship as to permit her subjects to formation about the character and per
and took an active part in the Sunday expatriate themselves at any age, in sonality of each contestant, and this in
School until the young people became stead of only in their extreme youth as. formation entered largely into the final
old enough to assume the leadership. at present. decisions by the judges.
Standing loyally by the plantation in Three other essays drew special at Altogether it seems very manifest
terests at the time of the strike, he was tention from the judges, one especially that the contest is a valuable asset in
the victim of Japanese bombers. He is written by a girl of Maui High school, the life of Hawaii and enables this
a true American at heart and has de Esther Ozawa. The other two of these Territory to better perform its service
sired to educate his boys that they might three were submitted by Takeji Betsui, to mankind as an experiment station in
make a contribution to the land of his a student of Mills School, and by humanity.
adoption. He was the first Japanese to Kenyuki Isumi of McKinley High D. L. CRAWFORD,
think of applying for birth certificates School. University of Hawaii.
for his children.
The mother is a quiet, unassuming,
home lover whose influence has been
great.
Community) Servants and Their Work
By Norman C. Schenck
From such Christian homes young
Americans of Japanese ancestry are go A CONFERENCE of Christian Work When a group of people engaged in
ing forth to play their part in the drama ers on the Island of Oahu, affiliated a common task get together, one gen
of the future. In the words of Mr. with the Hawaiian Board of Missions, erally feels that there is a dynamic
Riley Allen "the important thing to the was held in the Mission Memorial Build energy available for even greater things
Star-Bulletin is that the Friend Peace ing on Thursday, February 15th, 1923, than have ever been attempted. The
Scholarships are won by essays which under the auspices of the Secretarial reserves of power have not been used.
deal with the very essence of sound, Council. Such an impression came to me on this
Americanism. . . . Hawaii need not The full program is given at the end occasion.
be fearful of its future with that future of this article. Settlements and missions are capable
in the hands of men who display the This conference sought to bring the of playing a big part in dealing with
promise of Shunzo and George Saka workers into close fellowship and co g-angsters. They have a different meth
maki." operation by discussing their work and od from most of the law enforcement
planning for the best approach to it in organizations. They meet the com
THE PEACE CONTEST the future. munity in a different way and with
(Continued from page 28) The conference extended a cordial a different emphasis. Their emphasis
its citizenship, but rather that the di welcome to Rev. and Mrs. A. H. Gates is upon character building forces. Their
lemma of citizenship in two countries who have come to take up work at aim is prophylaxis. Surely the courts
with obligations and claims from each Lahaina. would welcome some relief along this
should be removed and the situation The main emphasis seemed to be upon line.
simplified. How this should be ac the need for a better understanding of
complished and why it should be done Besides it is a good investment of
the homes of Hawaii and a more sym
was the theme offered to prospective pathetic approach to their problems. funds. You can run a settlement or a
contestants. mission many weeks with the money re
The five minute pictures of the field
Among the many essays submitted, quired to conduct a single case in court.
were most interesting and illuminating.
all of course with the author's name Some reports were accompanied by And certainly the finished product is
canceled, one was recognized by all the charts of the district in which the work- better. Why does not this community
committee as clearly superior to the is done. A survey had been made by invest a little more in the various or
others in every way—manner of pre the worker and the results noted in ganizations doing such work?
sentation, strength of argument, clear graphic form. This, of course, is one There are 42 persons included in this
ness of points made, diction, as well of the fundamental things in a program group of workers on Oahu. Every one
as in the high idealism expressed. The for service in any community. of them is a full time community ser
judges were not greatly surprised later The conference showed the breadth vant. This conference purposed to weld
to learn that this essay had been sub and variety of work done and the splen them into a more vital fellowship and
mitted by Shunzo Sakamaki, brother did equipment available in most of the to develop their team work to higher
of the boy who won the contest in the centers discussed. The business of perfection. They have had training and
preceding year, for something of the managing the institutions represented experience enough to know that the
qualities and abilities of the Sakamaki was shown to be an absorbing task in best results come through cooperation,
boys was known by the committee itself. An occasional warning was rather than competition, with other
members. heard that we be careful not to miss agencies which are doing work for the
After presenting concisely the his the people of the community while we common good. They are committed to
torical aspects of the dual citizeship set up a machine in their midst. this policy.
February, 1923 THE FRIEND 33

Sometimes it seems that the whole mau" is "House of Everlasting Fire." self a fern house!" (Hale-ma'u-ma'u.)
community ought to come to confer This sounds well, and seems to describe The thought and its expression are
ences like this. They would have a the fact, and has passed current for characteristically Hawaiian and fine,
most instructive and inspiring experi many years ; but it is not correct and and I sincerely hope will always be
ence. This group of people deal di perhaps it is just as well that you remembered and connected with Kilau
rectly with the most valuable factors should publish the fact, even though ea; in fact with all Hawaiian lavas and
in Hawaii—its human beings. They are such fact may seem to some people volcanoes. It seems to soften and take
tremendously in earnest about their job. to belittle the wonders of the volcano. away something of the hideous fierce
One wonders if the communities under Probably many people have noticed the ness and terror of the volcano. It is
stand their plans and use their services very common fern which grows in the another of the old Hawaiian traditions
as fully as they might. uplands all over the islands, known to and expressions well worthy of preser
The Church is a community servant— Hawaiians as "ma'uma'u." Its well vation, and I hope the various societies
as Dr. Palmer pointed out in his ad marked and distinctive feature is the and persons whose pleasure it is to pre
dress. Hawaii needs the help of all its regularly wrinkled leaf—looking, for all serve all that is fine and worthy of
constructive forces. And this group the world, like the wrinkles assumed by perpetuation in Hawaii will cut this out
constitutes one of the many forces avail flowing lava as it cools and hardens. and file it with old records.
able. Let Hawaii use them to the limit. The poetic Hawaiian away back, long
Yours for old Hawaii,
The program : before Hawaii was discovered by the
Chairman, Rev. J. P. Erdman; Secre white explorers, said, "Pele builds her W. R. CASTLE.
tary, Rev. Henry P. Judd.
Devotional Period, led by Rev. L. G.
Davis. "It Must Not Be Again"
"The Simultaneous Campaign," Rev.
Henry P. Judd. A recent issue of The Christian Cen courage to take the brunt of an open
Introduction of Rev. A. H. Gates, new tury comments at length on the in stand for its professed principles and,
missionary for Lahaina. difference of the churches of England if it so be, to sacrifice and suffer in
Some Impressions gained on the Main and America to the supreme moral duty their defense? To draw such a con
land, Rev. Norman C. Schenck. of the present generation.—the attain clusion is to give over the battle.
Talk by J. W. Hirst, M.D., Severance ment of world peace. Is there not in this criticism a fail
Hospital, Seoul, Korea. An earnest attempt was made by Dr. ure to distinguish between principles
Five Minute Pictures of the Field : Jowett and the Archbishop of York to and methods, and so, by lack ol clarity
(1) Filipino Center, H. W. Metcalfe. arouse Christian believers to go to their of statement, a confusing of the issues
(2) Kakaako Mission, C. R. Osburn. churches on Christmas Eve and "in and further weakening of the very cause
(3) Moiliili Japanese Work, F. S. some simultaneous act of dedication and which it is desired to strengthen? In
Scudder. audible declaration proclaim their de admitting our shortcomings, we must
(4) Beretania Settlement, G. A. Young. sire and purpose for a sacred peace and not discount our resources. Not the
(5) Kauluwela Mission, Rev. Edward their belief in the common brotherhood Church alone, but a vast number of
Kahale. of man." people outside the Church as well, be
(6) Honolulu Bible Training School. The very indifferent response to this lieve that the principles of forgiveness
Miss A, W. Lake. proposal both in England and America and brotherly cooperation taught by ,
(7) Honolulu Theological Seminary is interpreted as evidence that there is Jesus furnish the only hope of the
and C.W.I., Rev. J. P. Erdman. no religious conviction and no vital world's deliverance from the curse. It
(8) Daily Vacation Bible School, Miss purpose in the Christian Church con is a humiliating fact that no one has
Edna J. Hill. cerning the enormous sinfulness and arisen with a prophetic vision and mes
Address, "The Church as a Community curse of war. sage as to how to apply these princi
Servant," by Dr. A. VV. Palmer. We are reminded that, for a genera ples in the present situation. But re
tion before the war, the Church was member it was Jesus' way to reveal
IN a letter to The Advertiser Mr. W. bored by the talk of peace; that in principles and leave it to man to dis
R. Castle makes the following con face of danger the Church has no higher cover the methods by which these prin
tribution to local history, correcting ideal than that of the state, and there ciples can be put into practice, and the
a very general impression that "Hale- fore cast its whole energies into war world may yet have to travail in pain
maumau" is "House of Everlasting and heaped scorn on conscientious ob before it can give birth to the seer who
Fire :" jectors, and that its leaders still con can lead mankind over so great a pass.
Following what has been said re- tinue to declare that they cannot stand In our social system we are all involved
cently on the Volcano of Kilauea. it for "peace at any price", thus leaving in sins from which we can not extri
occurs to me that you may be interest a loophole for justification of future cate ourselves. We are a part of the
ed in correcting a very common and war. sinful body, and the whole body has got
current error regarding Halemaumau. Not Lacking in Courage to be delivered together before we can
tlie impressive and terrific home of the The Church should not minimize these individually be free from guilt. War
Goddess Pele. criticisms, but rather determine to profit is the supreme sin of this body. No
A good many years ago, Father Coan by them. But are we to conclude there one can at present live in any country
of Hilo said in conversations and in fore that it has no deep convictions of without paying- taxes in its support.
print that the meaning of "Halemau the sin of war and that it has not the (Concluded on page 37)
34 THE FRIEND February, 1923

First Birtk Certificate Issued To Japanese

in Hawaii
INTERESTING as the :jo. -;oi
first birth certificate is
sued to a Japanese in the
Territory of Hawaii, and
as evidence of the desire
of the father to whom it
was issued to establish the
identity of his son as an
American citizen, the cut
on the cover of this issue VC£
is worthy of special note. OF THE S£°^
The birth certificate was Certificate of Hawaiian Birth
issued to Mr. Frank Saka
maki, of Olaa, Hawaii, re
cording the birth of his
ft ail to ii'lii'iii fd*se presets shall tmtt SrteHng:
son, George Sakamaki win J'/,'r// FEAITK J. SAKAMAKI
ner of the 1922 Friend
Peace Scholarship. «*«< tt^rt/tna «/- Keftau> Patriot of Puna, Hawaii l/tnesjk

It was about fifteen years w./t'ir ti i: //<■'>'' r</. A-OS MCtt/t (.y'f/i.S'ra/tcti, ,//r
&t.tf+tat 4ar ioi *
ago, says Mr. Sakamaki,
that a bill providing for
ffitut /Am/ t't aAftMU Aam /Ac a^u/ttvt'A eg /At tyy'if'tcari./
the issuance of birth cer
tificates to children born tt'Ht/. /Af. f-nu/cnce. Ui£m///cd ■&//■ tu/ZntSUJ- ma./ //ie. aau/_^
in Hawaii of alien parents G K 0 R 0 SAKAMAKI iucj vet it tti. tne-
was introduced into the
^^tuctHta-n ^>Jr'<:.;"/j- en Mt 30t/1 r/ay cf S e p t e n V;
legislature by C. S. Carl-
smith. The bill became law {/'. S/"!lc,°3 , <'nt/ //<■•'/'//£ yt/ns/ixryt<yi-fi t://arAr.f/ it <?■ </>■<.</
but no certificate blanks
were available when Mr. ■/>'/'(■> ,•/ M
Sakamaki wrote to Hono
7
lulu for them. \\\ IrslfrBOtn} uiirrrof, //« - rrttfuii* r/ f/tt

• <>>/ KfS itt*„tf

A few months later Mr. tinci nit'*"/ */n •_v.-i-'/ t/. /*
Carlsmith visited Olaa
Plantation and Mr. Saka
maki sought his help.
Blanks were soon there
after sent him and were
officially stamped and
signed in Honolulu. The
signature of A. L. C. At <$■ S0. tfc -b

kinson is attached.
Fifteen years prior the
problem of dual citizenship
had not presented itself.
Mr. Sakamaki believed that
by registering the birth of
his children he made them
American citizens and that
Japan's prior claim to them
automatically ceased. Years later when found to his regret that the two elder mediately took steps, however, to tX-
he learned that it was necessary to re- boys had passed the age when such patriate the younger boys and has ad-
nounce their citizenship in Japan, he action was possible for them. He im- ed other fathers in doing likewise.
February, 1923 THE FRIEND 35

Who's Who and What's What

By John F. Cowan
IT is heart-tingling news that a com a parody such a Christmas is ! Once
mittee of Jews and Gentiles in New assume that England furnished Greece train this tremendous giving power
Vork, under the auspices of the Jewish with explosive shells, or France armed against war, or any evil, and we might
Zeta Beta Tau national fraternity, will Turkey with the machine guns that begin really to pray, "Thy kingdom
carry on a campaign for the elimination mowed down fugitives at Smyrna; pri come !"
of anti-semitism in our institutions of vate dealers in England, France, Rus
learning. There can be no doubt as Here's another slant on the peace
sia, Germany and the United States are
to "What would Jesus do?" in such a everywhere selling war materials for question. When we annexed Hawaii
campaign. ready cash, regardless of bloody conse we called it "the key to the Pacific."
And when George Dewey presented us
The latest type of professional man quences. In fact, cast-off U. S. uni
forms have been seen on the backs of the Philippines we were sure we had
evolved is the '"social engineer." His
the soldiery of several warring Euro "the key to the Orient." Later we dis
job is to analyze a community's social
pean nations. Great stocks of war covered that Guam was the inner key,
deficiencies or wastes, and show a blue
equipment have been hawked to blood and then we got enough excited over
print of required adjustments; but not
thirsty mischief-makers, since the arm the Island of Yap to suggest that some
to attempt to make the town over. It
is observable that communities are istice; bloodshed, in rivers, has been one must have changed locks. The
promoted by signatories of disarma more keys we acquired, the larger the
nervous about outsiders meddling with
ment conferences. naval force our experts told us was
their "innards." The social engineer
necessary. The chief opposition to the
wisely steps aside, leaving the aroused Perhaps, therefore, one of the first
Limitation of Arms Conference came
community conscience to work out its problems the new interdenominational from those who believed that the Navy
own salvation. It is predicted that col peace movement will tackle, initiated was the only safe ring for Uncle Sam
leges and universities will soon be offer recently by the Congregationalist and to carry his keys on.
ing courses in social engineering. Al Catholic churches of Palo Alto, Calif.,
ready Dr. Harvey E. Jackson, president will be to find ways to convert the All this suggests what Lord Salis
of the National Community Board, who trappings of the warrior and the ac bury once remarked : "If military ad
has given many communities new companiments of sword and spear, into visers are given too much rope they'll
visions of themselves, has been author auxiliaries of the pruning hook and insist on garrisoning the moon to de
ized by the board to designate himself plow. "How to piece bed-quilts out of fend us against Mars."
as "social engineer." uniforms, and suppress bootlegging in
As a sample of what social engineer war material?" should come early on
ing, in a larger way, may do to prevent the docket. A Course For Parents
»a^te ut precious human assets, it is And let us hope, too, that Arthur A course of ten sessions in "Child
announced that a bill has been intro Brisbane is authority when he replies hood Guidance in the Home" is to be
duced into the parliament at Prague, to Senator Borah's warning that if we offered to fathers and mothers at the
Checo-Slovakia, to substitute auto-sug don't aid Europe, we risk another war, Central Y. M. C. A. Both lectures and
gestion asylums for penitentiaries. By with the assertion that this nation will discussions will occupy the one and
a long course of such treatment it is have nothing to do with another war. one half hour periods. The date of
believed diseased brains may be cured. He asks: "Who will start it, fight it, opening was Tuesday, February 27th at
Here's another bit of social engineer finance it?" He assures us that no 7:30 p. m.
ing worth noting : the State of Wiscon European nation will provoke war with The instructors for the course include
sin, last year, saved a million dollars for the United States—they have too many President Arthur A. Hauck of Puna-
itself and the families of its convicts, scores of their own to settle. Let's hou; P. M. Symonds, professor of edu
by parolling prisoners. Milwaukee hope the Brisbane Anti-War Insurance cation and psychology of the Univer
alone parolled 411 prisoners, and was policy is well underwritten. The ques sity of Hawaii ; Miss Frances Law
able to safely discharge 296 at the end tion won't down, even at Mr. Brisbane's rence, territorial director of kindergar
ot the year. In the rest of the state mellifluous voice, "How have all these tens ; Rev. Norman Schenck of the
-16 were parolled and 116 discharged. post-armistice wars (Poland's, Greece's, Hawaiian Board ; and Rev. A. B. Shat-
That million would have been paid out Ireland's) been started, fought, financed, tuck, director of religious education at
to turnkeys and armed guards over since it was announced that Europe was the Central Union Church.
men who only wanted a chance to earn "bled white," "beggared," "war-weary?"
a living.
One hope of war prevention we have Appointed by the Inter-Chunch Fed
And again, perhaps, some of the —it is announced that the last Christ
profiteers now said to be furnishing war eration a committee is at work in prep
mas cost this country $8,000,000,000, as aration for the 1923 Easter Sunrise
munitions for the bloody struggles that much almost as the entire food crop.
make Europe horrible, might be in What an infinitesimal fraction of this Service. In many ways this is Ha
veigled into an auto-suggestion asy waii's most significant festival—a rec
vast sum was given to promote the
lum. An Associated Press dispatch ognition of the essential element in the
"peace on earth and good will to men"
irom Paris says it is not necessary to of Him whose birthday it wast What destiny of the Pacific.
36 THE FRIEND February, 1923

Nuuanu Department.
A Stirring Record The completion of the gymnasium
FIFTY-FOUR years ago," says Gen and auditorium and the beginning of
organized physical work.
eral Secretary Lloyd R. Killam in
The securing of a Chinese secretary
his annual report, "the Honolulu from China, making possible new lead
Young Men's Christian Association was ership in the Chinese community.
organized by a group of young men Increase in the membership from 400
who desired self-improvement and ser to 1,200, or a gain of 300%.
vice to their fellow men. As the years The putting of educational work on
have gone by the needs for the service a self-supporting basis.
of the Association have increased and The strengthening of the English-
at the same time the support of the speaking Japanese work through the
securing of an able secretary.
community has grown, making possible
THE UNVIERSITY OF HAWAII
the broad scope of the work in which
ASSOCIATION has completed its first
we are now engaged. Today the Hono full year and the place it has made in
lulu Association stands second to no the life of the University, and the finan
city in America in the practical out cial support received from students and
reach of its program of Christian char friends of the University, means that
this work is established on a perma
acter building."
Miss Esther Ozawa of Maui High nent basis.
The report continues : School honored by the Friend Peace The enlistment of 194 boys in five
"The poor street boy, the employed Scholarship Committee. HI-Y CLUBS is an evidence that this
boy, the University student, the young work is really meeting the needs of the
clerk, the young business man and the Among the many items which he boys.
older business and professional man all feels five cause for satisfaction are the The work of the BOYS' CLUBS
come within the reach of the Associa following: which are operated as a department of
tion's service. This large variety of the Association, lias touched 645 boys
work is made possible because of the The increased use of the Central
Building by the haole young men of the in 26 different clubs.
fundamental principle that this is not
city. This is exceptionally noticeable The AUTOMOBILE SCHOOL has
work for men and boys by employed
in the number of younger men who are rendered a large service to a group of
secretaries, but a work done by men
taking a deep interest in committee industrial men not otherwise reached by
and boys with other men and boys. As
service and are rapidly developing a the Association.
we think of the Y. M. C. A. we are apt
new spirit of fraternalism and fellow Mr. Killam climaxes his clear-cut and
to think of brick and mortar, of gymns
ship throughout the entire membership. very interesting report with ten rec
and pools; but I want you to think of
This made possible a Bible Study ommendations for the consideration of
men,—men with muscle, men with
and Religious Work program on a the members of the Association. The
minds, men with morals."
larger scale than was developed for sev last of these is evidence of a strong
Statistics which Mr. Killam has re eral years past. desire on the part of the executive to
duced to outstanding totals tell a story make the association work in very truth
of a complete new membership in 1922 The securing of a well trained and
experienced physical director, who is "by men and boys with other men and
of 1,607 and a total membership in the boys." The recommendation reads :
two buildings of 2,895. an expert in the development of vol
unteer leaders, has done much to put "That an effort be made .to get more
Four hundred and six men and boys the physical education work on a new democracy in the conduct of the Asso
were enrolled in 46 Bible classes; 1,044 level. ciation's work through the organiza
were enrolled in 67 educational classes ; tion of activity councils representing
565 were enrolled in 17 physical classes The educational department, because
the 203 organized groups, these coun
with a total attendance of 33,842; 387 of an increased knowledge of the needs
cils to serve as advisory bodies to the
men were placed in positions ; 3,286 men of the men and boys, has been able to
Board of Directors and the Commit
and boys were enrolled in 203 different render a much more efficient type of
tees of Management."
organized clubs and classes and 328 service.
served on committees. While 1922 has been a difficult year
Concerning the personnel of the staff. for many young men to pay the mem
Mr. Killam says: "We closed the year bership fees, yet the Central Building Issue Delayed
with the best group of employed of had a net gain of 5%, while the main Owing to unavoidable circumstances
ficers we have had since 1915. By the land Associations have lost 5%. Dur the February issue of The Friend was
end of 1923 we shall have a stronger, ing the past two years Central member delayed. The March number will ap
better trained and more experienced ship renewals have averaged 68%, pear promptly, to be followed by an
group of secretaries than the local As while those of mainland Associations issue devoted to the interests of Mid-
sociation has ever had." averaged from 27 to 40%. Pacific Institute in April.
 February, 1923 THE FRIEND 37
giveness and mutual consideration, and "to promote mutual understanding and
"It Must Not Be Again" attempt a reconstruction of the world justice between nations, to advance the
(Continued from page 33)
Even if men as individuals lay clown on a basis consistent with the principles cause of world culture, and to work for
their lives in protest they have not laid down by the Prince of Peace! the realization of enduring peace." The
thereby done their duty. We must Would we fail? Certainly we fail society at its inaugural meeting voted
discover a way out all together, for, worse by doing nothing definite. And to join the National Peace Council of
until we do, the world for which Christ have we not a fair hope that not only Japan.
died will be driven more and more into in the Church, but in the world at Drastic changes are being made in
distraction and calamity. large, such a call might result in a the Japanese school text books for the
Awaiting Some Great Summons great turning of the heart of mankind sixth year, in order to eliminate mili
The vast idealism that prevailed dur to the Throne of Grace for deliverance taristic ideas, and make them more in
ing the "war to end war" is not dead, from the sin and curse of war? Who ternational in character. Lives of a
but it is disillusioned. That idealism knows but that even some from the fold number of foreign statesmen, inventors,
was the only only thing left to appeal of Islam might wish to join in such a etc., are being introduced into the his
to in order to drag men into the horrid petition. If a nation will uncover and tories, and qualities such as persistence
business. Now, the men who fought stand in silent prayer at the tomb of and ambition are being emphasized
and the people who supported the pro an "Unknown Soldier", is it visionary rather than success in battle.
gram have discovered that they were to think that a world might raise its Mr. Seishu Kawajiri, Pastor of the
duped into fighting for a certain num petition over the graves of ten million Church of Aoyama Gakuin (Methodist
ber of "world managers" who had all youths and the vast number of others college and seminary, Tokyo) attended
kinds of secret treaties and understand who have fallen in their wake, and say the meeting in Copenhagen in August
ings among themselves. That the world "IT MUST NOT BE AGAIN"? of the International Committee of the
has gone mad as a result of that dis FSS World Alliance for International
covery can not be wondered at. In Friendship through the Churches, as
the mind of the average man "What's delegate from the Japan Council. Mr.
the use? Eat, drink and be merry, Twenty-one Days Awa>)! Kawajiri is now in New York City,
for tomorrow we die." But offer him THE following from a correspondent studying at Union Theological Semi
a real hope, and the idealism is there in Japan is of interest in showing nary and Columbia University.
to be called into service for a warless the trend of events in a country over
world. ridden by militarism. The paragraph
Above all other organizations the in regard to a revision of text books Do Kindergartens Pay?
Church is chargeable with responsibility is particularly illuminating. THE Hawaii Education Association,
to rally this force. It is responsible The inaugural meeting of the Japan through its Executive Committee,
because of the teaching of its Master, ese Association for International Educa is asking The Department of Public In
and because it is organized throughout tion was held on October 31, at the struction to establish one kindergarten
the whole world as no other agency. City Y. M. C. A. hall, Kanda, Tokyo, for every 1000 pupils, throughout the
One thing it can do is to marshal its with Dr. Masataro Sawayanagi, Ex- Territory. We are doing this because
forces to persistently reiterate the Mas president of the Kyoto Imperial Uni we are convinced that kindergartens are
versity, in the chair. Dr. Sawayanagi the best kind of educational investment
ter's teaching of forgiveness, coopera
was one of a group of influential Japan that this Territory could possibly make.
tion, and universal good will. But with
ese who more than a year ago sent a Like all the other items of the
its world wide organization it ought to
note to Dr. Inazo Nitobe at the League H. E. A. program, this particular item
flo more than that. It should not be
of Nations, Geneva, asking him to is subject to the endorsement of all the
discouraged because the voice of Dr. present to the Assembly of the League seven affiliated Teachers' Associations
Jowett and the Archbishop of York did of Nations a request that a communica of the Territory, to all of whom it has
not prevail. It must do bigger than tion be sent to the various governments been submitted.
that. And it can. of the world encouraging the formation We believe that kindergartens pay in
A Voice That Would be Heard in each country of an association for two ways.
The Federal Council of Churches in international education. Dr. Nitobe re 1. Kindergartens Americanize.
America can rally the forces of over plied that this was not practicable at 2. Kindergartens pay for themselves
30 denominations. The Protestant Epis the present time, but he approved the in actual dollars and cents by eliminat
copal Church represents another im plan in principle, and the Japanese who ing the Receiving Grade, and by ex
mense constituency. Other religious were interested in the subject decided tending by one year the time in which
organizations have extensive representa to go ahead anyway. Dr. Sawayanagi's each child may secure an education,
tive influence. recent investigation of educational thus giving him, by so much, a fuller
Imagine a simultaneous voice arising tendencies in America and Europe was and richer training before it is neces
from these bodies in America and from of great encouragement to the move sary for him to leave school.
similar organizations and from the ment. First, as to Americanization : Psy
Pope in Europe, and from the mission The new society recognizes education chologists and religious teachers agree
churches in all lands, not only calling as a most important factor in the pro that the first six years of a child's life
the people to prayer, but calling upon motion of justice and international determine, to a great degree, the kind
the rulers and statesmen of the world peace, and aims through educational of citizen he is going to develop into.
to meet in conference in a spirit of for- conferences, investigations, lectures, etc., (Continued on page 40)
 THE FRIEND February, 1923
38
foolish as well as unrighteous propo
Recent Developments in Our Relations sals. But the liberal leaders are de
termined to do the right thing in inter
national relations, convinced that only
With the Orient so can Japan weather the storms of
By Sidney L. Gulick economic and social nature that are
Significant paragraphs from a report sub leaders that they would accept a drastic- undoubtedly coming to her.
mitted to the Federal Council of Churches cut in the military as well as the naval The New China
of Christ in America by Dr. Gulick. plans. He became Premier for the The Washington Conference has giv
The New International Mind purpose of carrying out faithfully the en Young China new hope. They see
agreements and the spirit of the Wash Shangtung coming back into their con
These various highly important agree ington Conference. trol. They see Japan also retreating
ments and arrangements have great sig In harmony with this purpose, the from her masterful policies in Siberia.
nificance in the promotion of "friendly important events referred to above have China's national post office is soon to
relations between America and Japan already taken place. Other indications be without foreign rivals, adding to her
and also between these two nations and of the rising power of liberalism are dignity and her financial resources. Im
the Government and people of China." numerous and significant, such as the portant commissions are in session car
What has been accomplished confirms popular demonstration in February for rying out the provisions of the Wash
our contention of two years ago—that universal male suffrage, the adoption of ington treaties and agreements. Fear
"no existing issue between America and which is expected by important leaders of Japan is diminishing and a new
Japan justifies war or thought of war in three or four years; the amazing spirit of hope is arising. It is not to
and that all matters of difficulty can liberty of the press in its denunciation be wondered at that Chinese and for
and should be settled by reason, con of the blunders and misdeeds of the eigners got the impression that Japan
ference and conciliation." We have militarists and their disastrous policies ; was planning for permanent occupancy
been given a remarkable example of the popular insistence that the dual for and even annexation. For example, at
what can be done if a friendly and con eign policy of the Empire shall cease Tsinanfu, Shangtung, the most con
siderate attitude is maintained. and that the "General Staff," to which spicuous object on leaving the station
The agreements regarding the strength the wrongs, blunders and disasters in is the enormous wireless plant with its
of their navies and their naval bases China and Siberia are attributed, shall two poles 150 or more feet high, with a
make it practically impossible, experts be abolished ; the popular proposal that great network of wires. Now some of
assure us, for either Japan or the Unit the positions of Ministers of Army and the Chinese are even beginning to talk
ed States to attack the other. In the Navy be opened to civilians, and that of the recovery of Manchuria and Port
future conduct of diplomatic negotia their direct access to the throne, over Arthur, even as they feel they have re
tions, therefore, there can be no impli the head of the Cabinet be denied ; the covered Shangtung and Tsingtao.
cation of the possibble pressure of rapidly-growing volume and power of But New China, like Japan, is by no
force, or the implicit threat of a pos labor organizations ; the increasing de means out of the woods. Her militarist
sible war. mand for the abolition of social classes Provincial Generals (Tuchuns) are still
The measure of the greatness of and the real establishment of "equality" fighting or preparing to fight. Her
these achievements may be judged from for all. Parliament, though sitting in Peking,
the recent radical change of the popular Japan is seething with discussion and makes little or no progress. Her eco
mind of the two nations. War psychol ferment. Deflation of wages and prices nomic condition is as parlous as ever,
ogy has begun to give place to peace has not taken place to any considerable for her militarists still squander her
psychology. No one in America or extent ; in consequence Japan's position small resources on munitions, and are
Japan is thinking, talking, or planning as a manufacturing nation and as a ever seeking to make new foreign loans.
war between these two countries ex large exporter to China .is seriously Her merchants over-speculated . on low
cept irresponsible writers in the "Yel menaced. Japan is apparently entering exchange and their "word" is no long
low Press." Compared with the popu a period of great economic distress and er regarded "as good as their bonds" ;
lar convictions of two years or even disaster. Her unsecured loans to China bonds are now required by the foreign
eighteen months ago, the change is of $100,000,000 (gold) or more are traders of Shanghai, who have been
highly significant and encouraging. generally regarded as total losses, and hard hit by Chinese traders who ordered
The Liberal Movement in Japan it remains to be seen whether her tardy goods from abroad beyond their means
Nothing more hopeful in the estab recognition of the need of friendly and of purchase. Foreign merchants are
lishment and maintenance of right re honorable relations with China will re now heavily overstocked and see no
lations between Japan and America and move the deep prejudices and enmity fresh business until present stocks are
between Japan and China has occurred felt by practically all Chinese who take consumed. Thus are there vicious cir
than the rapidly growing power of the interest in China's internal and inter cles within vicious circles.
liberal movement in Japan. Her new national relations. But the situation is by no means
policy in dealing with Korea, China and It is difficult to foresee what is to without hope. China's best life is
Siberia is an evidence of the power of happen in Japan. The militarist ele awakening from its long sleep. Young
this movement. The new Premier, Ad ment in Japan are by no means with China begins to understand the realities
miral Baron Kato, accepted his post out their influence and to their own ulti of the situation and to see that salva
only upon assurances from the militarist mate injury are making exceedingly tion can come only from within. It is
 Sebruary, 1923 THE FRIEND 39

estirring itself. Splendid schools are world's most troublesome and danger at work, just as they are in the majority
I the making. China has many honest ous problems will begin to find real of the nations of the world, and our
ad earnest foreign friends. The Chris- solutions when a Christian and a uni duty is clearly to strengthen and sup
an movement is growing in numbers fied China stands upon her own feet. port those elements in these two coun
nd power; a new moral earnestness is tries, as in every country, which are
aining control of some of her ablest In both Japan and China the liberal seeking international justice and the
oung men and political leaders. The forces and the forces of militarism are resultant good-will.

Striking Paragraphs from me Peace Scholarship Essays

"The ill effects of the dual be divided. If it is divided it is not the owe allegiance only to the land of our
citizenship system may be viewed real spirit of patriotism." birth.
from two distinct standpoints ; the KENYUKI IZUM1, "Parents should educate and train
national, and the individual. their children to become Loyal Amer
McKinley High School.
"Unity, the soul of harmony and ican citizens. In future years Japan
prosperity, is indispensable in the up "As a whole the dual citizens of Ha will undoubtedly raise the age limit for
building of a strong and prosperous waii do not wish to serve the Japanese expatriation and the problems of many-
nation. Without the prevalence of government. They believe that they will be solved."
unity in mind and purpose among her have one country and only one ; one flag TADAYOSHI YAMAD A
citizens, no nation can thrive. From and only one, just as they have one Lihue High School.
the standpoint of the nation, dual citi father and one mother. That country
zenship is, therefore, seen to be a de is the United States ; that flag the Stars
terment and a very possible destroyer and Stripes. They believe that it is Mrs. Harriet Goodale
of harmony and cooperation within the their country because they have been
nation in time of war or peace. It taught so. From the day they first Becktfitk
weakens the morale and the foundation went to school, they were taught that THE news of the death of Mrs.
of the nation, for no nation can prosper this is their country. They were also George E. Beckwith on December
with citizens doubly inclined. taught that the government is their 30, 1922, in Poughkeepsie, New York,
"Dual citizenship is detrimental from servant and not their master and that has recently been received here. For
the standpoint of the individual also. they will have no chief executive in city, the last few years Mrs. Beckwith had
A person who owes allegiance to both state or nation except an elected execu made her home in the East, latterly in
the United States and Japan cannot do tive. They were taught to recognize Poughkeepsie, with her daughters, Mar
his best for both countries ; if he ren that all men are equal irrespective of tha and Mary, the former of whom
ders his best service to one he will race and that they should be equal be helds the chair of Anthropology and
certainly neglect the other. . . "No fore the law. Being taught so how can Folklore at Vassar College.
man can serve two masters; for either they become subjects of Japan? Mrs. Beckwith was Harriet Goodale.
he will hate the one and love the other ; "Their fathers and mothers came born in Marlboro, Massachusetts, on
or else he will hold to one and despise from the land of the 'Rising Sun' to March 23, 1836. She was a member of
the other." this Territory of the United States at the class of 1856 at Mount Holyoke
ESTHER OGAWA, tempting to secure a foothold in this Seminary, one of the earliest schools
Maui High School. fresh and free Territory. Some of their for women. In the fall of 1861 she
fathers hoped to escape economic pres came out to the Islands to care for the
"The case of dual citizenship presents sure and chronic poverty. Their fath motherless children of her brother War
by no means a delicate situation but ers have exiled themselves from home ren Goodale. Two years later she mar
a complicated and serious one. It is of and friends in search of better oppor ried George Ely Beckwith, who had
vital importance for Japanese parents to tunities for a successful life than their been principal of the Royal School
clearly understand that a child born in native land offered. In view of these and instructor at Punahou. For four
America is an American citizen and facts it is their duty and desire that years their home was on Maui at the
not a citizen of any other country. they may serve the United States of new Haiku Sugar Plantation of which
"It is by no means the child's fault America with all their hearts and souls. Mr. Beckwith was the first manager.
that he is a dual citizen. It is wholly It is only proper that they should do In 1867 the family moved to California,
the responsibility of the parents! It is so." where the health of Mr. Beckwith, after
the duty of the parents to take the TAKEJI BETSUI, a complete breakdown, necessitated a
initiative in steps to renounce Japan Mills School. struggle of years in its reestablishment.
ese citizenship for their children. That In 1874 Mr. and Mrs. Beckwith re
most parents do not take these steps is "Japanese by blood, we are Amer turned to the Islands with- their three
partly due to their ignorance concern icans by choice and ideals. We Ha children, and later settled down again
ing the law and also to their failure to waiian born Japanese should not grow at Haiku, where they lived until Mr.
recognize the importance of such action. up with the idea that we owe allegiance Beckwith's death in 1898. After an
"No man can be loyal to two coun to two countries. Being born in Hawaii accident in 1918, resulting in the frac
tries. The feeling of patriotism cannot and receiving our education here, we ture of her hip, Mrs. Beckwith was
40 THE FRIEND February, 1923

never able to walk, but she kept her Mrs. Beckwith retained her vivid inter the Divine Author of our blessed re
wonted cheerfulness. All during her est in people and events, and was as ligion, and without a humble imita
life she was an inspiration to her friends, up to date as any of the many friends tion of whose example in thesee things
particularly to her two daughters from who counted it a privilege to see her we can never hope to be a happy na
the time when in their isolated Haiku and write to her. Her letters will long tion. Grant our supplication, we be
home she taught them as children to be remembered as news journals of seech Thee, through Jesus Christ our
print their letters and thus originate literary merit. Her going is a distinct Lord, AMEN.
a tiny manuscript magazine of their loss to many widely distributed group To be worthy of America, we must
own. Even beyond her eightieth year of friends. not merely be proud of our great men,
but emulate their example.
A Message To Young People DO KINDERGARTENS PAY?
FEBRUARY is a month rich in in of using wine, he took up a glass of (Continued from page 37)
spiration to every young American. water, saying, "Gentlemen, we must The citizen children of this Territory,
What will make our nation worthy pledge our mutual health in this most born of alien parents, are all heading in
to be called great, is not riches nor healthful beverage which God has given one of two directions : Either they are
military power, but man power,— man. It is the only beverage I have developing into loyal, law-abiding,
character power, and how rich we are ever used or allowed in my family, and Christian, American citizens, loving our
in having for our inspiration such a I can not conscientiously depart from flag and all that it stands for, respect
man as Washington as Father of Our it on the present occasion. It is pure ful and respected by all the people of
Country, and such a man as Lincoln Adam's ale from the well." the land, or they will grow up alien in
whose heart was big enough to take in The American people have carried on thought and speech, anti-Christian, anti-
all humanity ! But no man, however the fight till intoxicating liquor has been American, distrustful and distrusted,
majestic, can alone make a nation outlawed in our land. Can any one despising and despised. Which kind of
great,—a nation's greatness depends on who makes or drinks it be loyal to Lin citizen do you and I want for our neigh
the character of its citizens. The sons coln, even with his lips? bor? Which kind for our lawmaker?
must prove themselves worthy of the And Washington ! His name belongs The kindegarten will do much to de
Fathers. not to America alone, but to the world. termine which kind of citizens we shall
Abraham Lincoln was about my ideal Gladstone said of him : "If among all have, beginning as it does at the very
of a man. What kind of an address the pedestals supplied by history for foundation of character building. No
would he make to us on Washington's eminent men I saw one higher than all greater mistake can be made than to
Birthday? He was invited to make an the rest, and if I were asked to name leave the molding of this plastic citizen
address on that day in his own home its fittest occupant. I should at once stuff, the young child, to the worse than
town of Springfield. Imagine what he name Washington." One reason that bungling, of an ignorant, superstitious
chose for his subject : "The Temper Washington is so highly revered is that alien enemy to American thought and
ance Cause!" Evidently he considered he himself was so reverent a man. life.
that he would best honor the name of What message would he give the Amer Second, as to the claim that kinder
Washington by "calling millions to his ican people today? Go to the Wash gartens pay for themselves in actual
standard" to "depose the tyrant" of in ington Memorial Chapel at Valley cash as well as in better coin. In order
temperance, and bring moral freedom Forge, and there you would understand. to prove this proposition, allow me to
to every son of earth. At the close of There hangs a wonderful work of art. submit the following facts : Here is a
the address he said, "This is the 110th Draw near and see. It is Washington's table, showing the comparative stand
anniversary of the birthday of Wash Prayer for the Nation, which was writ ing of two of Maui's largest schools.
ington :—We are met to celebrate this ten by him on June 8, 1783, and sent These particular schools are chosen for
day. Washington is the mightiest name by him to the Governors of all the this comparison, partly because their
on earth—long since mightiest in the States. It is beautifully illuminated on problems are very similar. Both are
cause of civil liberty, still mightier in vellum, in nine colors and gold. large plantation schools, where a great
moral reformation. On that name a Almighty God : We make our earn predominance of Japanese pupils obtain
eulogy is expected. It cannot be. To add est prayer that Thou wilt keep the —something over 65%. They have ap
brightness to the sun, or glory to the United States in Thy holy protection: proximately the same number of teach
name of Washington, is alike impos that Thou wilt incline the hearts of the ers, whose personnel has always ranked
sible. Let none attempt it. In solemn citizens to cultivate a spirit of sub about the same in ability. The main
awe pronounce the name, and in its ordination and obedience to govern difference in the two schools lies in the
naked, deathless splendor, leave it shin ment: and entertain a brotherly affec fact that the pupils of one, School A,
ing on." tion and love for one another and for have had the opportunity of attending
It required more courage in that day their fellow citizens of the United an efficiently conducted kindergarten
than it does now to champion the cause States at large : And finally, that Thou (supported by private funds) while the
of temperance. Lincoln had that cour wilt most graciously be pleased to dis pupils of the other, School B, have
age. When notified of his nomination pose us all to do justice, to love mercy, never had an opportunity to attend
to the Presidency, it was expected that and to demean ourselves with that kindergarten. Note the discrepancy in
he would follow the custom of "drink charity, humility and pacific temper of the average age of the pupils in the
ing to the people's health." Instead mind, which were the characteristics of various grades.
February, 1923 THE FRIEND 41

Average Age of Pupils by Grades

School A—Gr. I, 7.4 yrs. ; Gr. II, 8.6
vrs. ; Gr. Ill, 10 yrs.; Gr. IV, 11 yrs.;
Gr. V, 12.3 yrs.; Gr. VI, 13.3 yrs.; Gr. We convert your rare
VII, 14.3 yrs. ; Gr. VIII, 15.3 yrs.
vase into a Vase Lamp
School B—Gr. I, 8.6 yrs. ; Gr. II, 9.4
vrs. ; Gr. Ill, 11 yrs. ; Gr. IV, 12.1 yrs. ; of rare beauty. A wide
Gr. V, 12.4 yrs.; Gr. VI, 13.6 yrs.; Gr.
VII, 14.3 yrs.; Gr. VIII, 15.5 yrs. ^s^s*^ *>bm»*iw^ variety of fascinating
The discrepancy noted in the primary silk and parchment shades
grades is a natural one, and is similar
here especially for that
to that which would be shown in any
pair of schools in which the conditions use.
were parallel, since the kindergarten
in the one case exactly duplicated, to all
practical purposes, the work of the Re
ceiving class in the other case. In other
words, the kindergarten gave the pupils
of School A such a good grounding in
English before they arrived at the age
to enter the first grade, that they were
able to enter that grade a year ahead WWDiix\or\d8c(pLTD
of the pupils of School B. Looked at THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES' V
in terms of pupil advancement, then, a 53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
kindergarten would add nothing to the
teaching cost of a school, since it would
simply replace a position already
manned. Of course there would be the
actual expense of a kindergarten teach We Are All Working Men and Women
er to be met, but the net educational
gain is one year of schooling per child. Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
It will be noted by the table above. yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
that School B apparently catches up labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
with School A in grade five, and ap finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
parently holds that position through the special need.
grammar grades. As a matter of rec We will welcome your account.
ord, however. School B lost all but
25.7% of her pupils before they reached E&NBJJT^".^"""
IHk UANKOI- HAWAII Itd i ►"
the Grammar Grade, while School
BRANCHES
A retained 33.5% of hers. The
kindergarten, then, not only gave, LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
every child in the more fortu COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.
nate school a year's start of

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rigger Canoeing and Surf-Ridlng can be en
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Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from- either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
42 THE FRIEND February, 1923

his neighbor, but also

gave him such a founda
tion and such an impetus
as to carry him beyond
his neighbor at the end of
his school life. Other
things being equal.
School A, which may
well represent any school
that has a kindergarten
within reach of its
pupils before they are
of regular school age,
should send more pupils
to High School, and send
them younger, than your
B school that has no such
advantage.
The introduction of
kindergartens into our
school system, then, will
help most effectively to
solve our great problem
of Americanization ; it
will also add a year's
time to the potential
training of our pupils
Where the Bishop Bank along such lines as we
may determine upon, and
thus allow for greater
Was Founded in 1858 breadth of education.
The great question edu
cational, today, is what
TN a corner of the office of A. J. Cartwright in the Makee & the trend of that educa
A Anthon Building the Bank of Bishop & Co. was opened on
August 17, 1858. tion should be, and how
The "Makee Block," as it was generally called, was the it should be directed.
finest business building in the Hawaiian Islands at the time. The Hawaii Education
It was built in 1855 of pressed brick brought around the Horn
from Boston. It stands today in practically as good condition Association does not
as when the masons finished their work. There were no favor an education that
streets bounding the location at that time but later were laid
out to place the structure at what is now Queen and Kaahu- shall lead exclusively to
manu Sreets. the white collar job. We
A view of the building, drawn from a photograph taken are heartily in accord
some time prior to 1875, is presented with this, the opening
chapter of what we hope will be a very interesting historical with the idea of training
story of the development of Honolulu and the Hawaiian Islands. the youths of this agri
The next installment, dealing with Mr. Bishop and the men cultural land along agri
who were identified with the beginnings of the banking house,
will appear in this newspaper within a few days. cultural lines. As a
We suggest that the items be clipped and preserved, as the
preparaiton for any kind
series will run for several months and form a little volume of an agricultural course
worth keeping at hand. however, it is necessary
for the boy to have a
thorough grounding in
the fundamentals. We
The Bank ofBishop & Co., Ltd. cannot build a scientific
course in agriculture on
The Oldest Bank in Hawaii - Established 1858 a fifth grade foundation.
Total Assets Over $16,000,000.00 The kindergarten will
help, by one year's work
toward laying that better
foundation.
H. M. WELLS.
President Hawaii Educa
tion Association-
 THE FRIEND
UMANITY is a many-sided, changeful thing, urged this way and
"H that by opposing desires. Country is great, and holy are the heroes
of Marathon and Thermopylae. But, nevertheless, country is not everything
here below. We are men and sons of God, before we are Frenchmen or
Germans.
"The Kingdom of God—that eternal dream which will never be torn
from the heart of man—is the protest against all that in patriotism is too
exclusive."—Ernest Renan (b. Feb. 27, 1823)

( ( ( QTANDING before God and eternity,' said Edith Cavell before she
kJ died, 'I begin to perceive that something more than patriotism is neces
sary.' What is that 'something more'? It is the task of the rising generations
to give that 'something more' a name and a reality. Meanwhile in our treat
ment of the alien, we must keep before us the fact that the divine purpose
for the nations is neither a dull uniformity nor a segregated provincialism,
but a merging into a larger, more highly endowed, more beneficent unity—
the unity of the 'Kingdom of God'."—G. A. J. R.

Is Our Americanization Program

a Success?

Read Articles bj) Ro^al G. Hall and G. A. Johnston

Ross in This Issue

HONOLULU MARCH, 1923 HAWAII

50 THE FRIEND March, 1923

The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. | The

Dealers in Automobiles and
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
III
ji! Bank of Bishop & Co., Pierce=Arrow | |
Machinery Merchants Ltd.
Agents tor
Dual Valve Six
Packard Motor Car Co. The Oldest Bank in Hawaii
Overland Company
Buick Motor Company Total Assets Over $16,000,000. IT is in traffic that !!!
Chandler Motor Car Co. Save consistently now—
Cleveland jjj
Reap financial independence the flexibility born jjj
Menominee Trucks
United States Tires in the years to come. of ample power is jjj
Michelln Tires Start a Savings Account Now
Also Agents for
Otis Elevator Company
ji; most apparent and jjj
Frick Co. (Ice Machinery) most grateful.
Gray Motor Co. jjj tsa9!X^V0v$wm>»i»'v$iw»i)M>sw»mwMa>i.
Armstrong Cork Co. It threads the crowd- !:;
L. C. Smith Co.
(Concrete Machinery)
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
ed streets, starting in- j;;
Century Electric Co. ill
Knight "All White" Soda Fountain ill
s t a n 1 1 y, increasing ji!
Company
Palatine Ins. Co. of London speed at a moment's |||
Automobile Department of Hartford jjj
Phoenix Assurance Co .of London notice, slowing down ;!j
Fire Ins. Co. jjj
Union Gas Engine Co. without touching a jjj
* * *
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG gear, springing j
BUILDING CLOTHING and
jjj Corner King and Bishop streets, jjj MEN'S through a narrowing ||
Honolulu. lii FURNISHINGS passage, speeding jjj
+ * * ahead on a clear road jjj
The Up-to-Dateness —effortless, noiseless.
of the Stock is our
Special Pride
Demonstration by
On Hotel Street, furnishes the best # appointment.
a la-Carte meals in town at
moderate prices. ELKS' BLDG. TEL. 1751
HOME MADE CANDIES and
ICE CREAM our Specialty.
See us for Catering.
*ni«<i>§vI?ftT/»t<iV«i7S\T^ Royal Hawaiian Sales
THE SWEET SHOP
On Fort St. an exclusive ice cream
Co., Ltd.
parlor and Candy Store.
Dainty Luncheonettes served all day
and evening. Hot and Cold Drinks.
Try us and you will be pleated
Outing Shoes Dealers

HONOLULU, HAWAII Hilo - Honolulu - Wailuku 1

Hotel St. nr. Nuuanu, Honolulu, T. H.

&=C
For News-Japan, Japanese Q
and Oriental, Read -fS
White Buck with Rubber Soles
E. 0. HALL & SON, LTD.
HAVE A FULLY EQUIPPED
$5.00. HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT
ESTABLISHED 1895
including Garland Stoves and
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH
SUISCBPtlOl
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1 mo. 51.00
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ameled Ware. Kitchen Furnish
6 mo. 5.25
1 year 1000
PUBLISHERS
P.O. Pox 1230 Honolulu, T.H.
President t
Editor.
Shoe Store ings, Refrigerators, Garden
Commercial Printing in Photo-Engraving & 105 1 Fort St. Tools, Rubber Hose, Etc. Sec
Japanese, English & Chinese Rubber Stamp ond Floor; take the Elevator
zn =n =c ac =t3gl
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, MARCH, 1923 No. 3

Psychological Facts Relating to Racial Assimilation

The question of racial assimilation, or, By Ro>>al G. Hall blood ; rather it is the acquiring of cer
as we commonly term it, "Americaniza tain attitudes, ideals, values, beliefs
tion", is probably the central social IN THIS PAPER, prepared for the —the culture, in other words—which
problem of Hawaii. One need in no third territorial conference of social we consider central in our American
sense be an alarmist to affirm that it is workers. Rev. Royal G. Hall, Ha civilization and, having been acquired
a phase and a very important one of waiian Board missionary for West the participation of the individuals in
every discussion that concerns the cul Maui, challenges what he terms "forc all the varied political, social, religious
tural, educational, industrial, political and industrial activities of our life
ible Americanization." We are, he
or religious life of the islands. In con Here in Hawaii we have a number of
believes, overdoing the direct, con
sidering the subject I shall for conve different racial groups, which compli
nience sake take it up as three ques scious method and have not sufficient cate in some ways the problem of as
tions. faith in the passive, unconscious, indi similation. Yet these different groups,
1. What do we mean by assimila rect method. while not in some cases acquiring bio
tion? "Our best Americanization work logical unity, can acquire social unity.
2. Do we desire it here in Hawaii? will not come through what we com In other words assimilation is psycho
3. If desirable, how may it to the monly designate as "Americanization" logical rather than biological. Civiliza
best advantage be brought about? work, he says. "It will come in spite tion does not depend primarily on race,
If this approach appears to err on the of it." according to our best thinking today,
theoretical side it is because my work but on culture, which is largely apart
"The so-called American melting
has been primarily in that field and my from the biological inheritance. There
pot has not been an unqualified suc
two years' experience in the islands, is a tendency sometimes to forget this
though I probably was as closely in cess but yet study reveals it as having fact here in the islands. You will hear
touch with this problem as most per accomplished a great deal. occasionally the remark that the yellow
sons, still leaves me too much of a "In the best sense you cannot teach skin of this one or the brown skin of
malihini to speak with any confidence Americanization; it is something that that one makes impossible assimilation.
on concrete questions. The paper has comes from active participation in "Once a Japanese always a Japanese,"
as its aim the promotion of discussion life. There are those that believe a you hear sometimes. Well, if the es
and thinking. You may not agree with person can be Americanized by being sential mark of a people is the color
it ; if so, it may prove the more valu taught to read text book lessons about of the skin or the slant of the eyes, I
able. it and being told in lectures what a suppose it is correct. As a social think
Assimilation Is Psychological er I should say, however, that the mark
wonderful country this land of the free
What do we mean by assimilation ? of a people and of a civilization was not
is. Run him through English and racial but cultural. An American is
Assimilation as used in this paper
civics, get him to memorize a little of not one of a certain biological inheri
is psychological rather than biological.
That is the correct use of the term the constitution and be able to tell how tance but one with a certain set of
among social thinkers. The biological the president of the United States is values that we like to designate the
term is amalgamation. Assimilation elected. The deed is done and he is spirit of American life. If the test here
does not therefore necessarily mean in Americanized. Well, that is all very in Hawaii of assimilability is to be the
termarriage and biological fusion. That good, but he has not begun to be white skin—if to be an American means
is a separate question entirely apart Americanized. How often you hear, that, a priori,—then the problem of dis
from this paper. It enters in, of course. especially in the States, something like cussion is closed. A good many per
in several ways. Amalgamation na sons here in Hawaii still need to think
this: Americanization? Sure! 'Oh,
turally promotes assimilation, though on this subject.
we used to have an Americanization
in the opinion of most thinkers it is Acquisition of American Spirit
problem, but we haven't one any
not a necessary aspect. Civilization, we What do we mean by assimilation ?
are increasingly coming to see, comes longer. Several years ago we got all
Well, I should put it in words some
not through unity of blood, but through the foreigners in our town into some thing like these:. It is the psychologi
unity of institutions, ideals and values English and civics classes and in two cal process by which persons arquire
Assimilation, then, it is well to re or three months we Americanized 'em the attitudes, sentiments and loyalties
member, is not primarily a matter of all.' " of another group and by sharing in
52 THE FRIEND March, 1923

them become active participants in the our present condition and I do not be ed American melting pot has not been
common cultural life. As applied to lieve it can permanently continue. an unqualified success, but yet study
Americanization it implies the acquisi Another alternative presents itself in reveals it as having accomplished a
tion of that illusive thing we commonly the progressive reorganization of our great deal. Professor Ross in his "So
term the American spirit and the par industrial life so as to permit more sat cial Psychology" mentions five fea
ticipation of the individual after ac isfying conditions of labor so as to hold tures of American social life which
quiring it in the life of the community in greater numbers our Americanized have given it great assimilative power ;
and state. group. I think more can be done in namely, (1), the toleration of the Amer
Do we desire it here in Hawaii ? this line and that offers grounds in Ha ican people for other traditions and
I put this in because there is an ele waii for experimentation. The psy customs than their own; (2), the indi
ment that does not feel it desirable, chological rather than the pecuniary vidualism, which puts the position of
though my experience is that it is a factor, it seems to me, enters in for each individual in society upon a basis
small element. Assimiliation here in strong consideration. The social engi of his own personal worth; (3), the
the islands means, as can be readily neer, the expert in industrial psychol cult of progress, which leads even the
ogy, will play an important role in the custom-bound to seek to adjust them
seen, the acquiring by many of higher
future of industry. selves to a changing future; (4), the
standards of living, of a certain inde
pendence that chafes under certain con Curtailment of Education conferring of equal political rights ;
ditions that prevail in the islands. It (5), equality of educational opportuni
There is the alternative, of course, of
brings a desire for cultural develop ties, molding the young to American
curtailing our educational and Ameri
ment, a wish to get up from the ranks traditions and detaching them from
canization programs ; however, I do not
of unskilled labor and arrive at a cer those of the parents. These points are
see how it could be done and the is
tain industrial freedom. The present all suggestive psychologically.
lands remain an integral part of Amer
industrial life of the island is in great ica. Tolerance Is Needed
part built on unskilled labor ; any pro If we do not assimilate the popula To assimilate there must be toler
gram of Americanization that is worthy tion here it will create more difficult ance rather than suppression. To as
of the name cuts directly across the problems in the future. Our state sys similate is not to subjugate. Every
demands of that industry, for American tem is based on the ■ participation of where in society today we find two
standards of life and the present eco every member, and culturally undevel conflicting viewpoints. The war has
nomic system are in large part impos oped material constitutes a menace and decreased the element of toleration and
sible. We hear the complaint that we in the long run is an economic loss. increased suppression. Everywhere
are educating the younger generation Neither can we be truly a part of you see that tendency. If you don't
away from the basic economic needs ot America and fail to do our part edu like a teaching, if you don't like a po
the islands. I believe it is in large cationally. litical group, if you don't like a cer
part true and I think it argues for the There is a sentiment among some to tain idea, suppress it. That is a no
splendid spirit and genuine American attempt restriction of eductaional op ticeable development in recent years in
ism of some of our leaders in industry portunity. They do not believe in ed American life. Some of its hysteria
that in spite of it all they have backed ucation, say, for. the children of the has come here to Hawaii. It is a dis
up every movement for such Ameri Oriental. They are not many who say tinct danger in the whole problem of
canization. I am not saying that Amer it, but there are a few. The best an assimilation. There is the ordering
icanization necessarily means that, but swer that can be made to such senti and forbidding type of Americanization.
I believe so far it has. ment is that it is not American. They They would attain a quick and complete
need Americanization. America means Americanization through the suppres
Question of Labor Supply
equal rights and opportunities ; it be sion of all the differences. They would
Hawaii, it seems to me, is faced with lieves in the public school and educa have him forget his ancestral language,
several alternatives as regards its la tion ; and it is undesirable and impos drop off his ancestral customs as one
bor supply all of which closely touch sible for any portion of the United sheds his coat, they would suppress his
this problem of assimilation. We can States to keep any portion of its pop religious faith, forgetful that to sup
continue to increase our Americaniza ulation ignorant. In a democracy no press these things is but to give them
tion efforts. This, with our present in man is simply an economic tool, a a previously unrecognized value. The
dustrial conditions remaining as they thing ; he is a person with rights and method of suppression has been tried
are, means a continual graduation from privileges, and certainly one of those again and again ; it is against human
the unskilled basic labor. Those needs privileges is education. To the ques nature and it brings just the opposite
will have to be met by imported "cool tion. Is assimilation desirable? there results. If you were to adopt a child
ie labor." That means our American can be but one answer. Yes. Expe of other parentage into your family,
ized groups in great numbers are go diency and wisdom say so, and our be the worst method possible to use would
ing to be forced to migrate. It is hap ing a part of America demands it. be one of suppression of its parental
pening now and it will increasingly be By What Means heritage. If you wish to gain the af
the case in the future. The movement How may such assimilation be fection of that child, there must be the
is going to the States. It is going to brought about? tolerant attitude and the development
bring a reaction eventually that will Probably no country has shown the of new ideas and relationships that
seriously affect our efforts for bring great power of assimilation that the shall cover over the old memories and
ing in raw labor. This seems to be United States has shown. The so-call habits of life. To suppress things that
 March, 1923 THE FRIEND 53

are objectionable and seem to hinder person is incorporated into the common in social assimilation is done from that
Americanization may be far more det life of the group before he is aware standpoint. I think sometimes we
rimental from the standpoint of assim and with little conception of the course ought to cast that word "Americaniza
ilation than toleration. Social workers of events which brought this incorpora tion" on the rubbish heap. It smacks
alive to the teachings of history as tion about. It follows that assimila too much ot an unpsychological meth
regards social assimiliation will use tion can not be promoted directly but od and has been overworked. We are
very cautiously the methods of sup only indirectly.'' The direct coercive, overdoing the direct, conscious method,
pression. Europe can give you scores conscious policies of Europe, largely we have not sufficient faith in the pas
of examples to show its failures, Eu failures, afford quite a contrast to the sive, unconscious, indirect method. It
rope is paying and will continue for a success of the early passive phase of is open to discussion whether our direct
long time to pay the price of its folly. Americanization in America. The suc methods in the schools—the daily flag
The conscious coercive policy of sup cess of the American melting pot has drill, etc.—are not being overdone,
pression is against good social psychol been through the passive, indirect un mechanized and really of less value
ogy. The passive, unconscious type is conscious methods used. than if done on certain occasions only.
much less showy, to be sure, but it is The conscious direct method fails of
Dictatorial Methods Resented
far more successful and far more ac its purpose again because it is usually
cording to human nature. I should say One can readily see the psycholog inadequate. In the best sense you can
then that tolerance rather than sup ical reasons for this. No one of us not teach Americanization, it is some
pression must mark our efforts in this likes to be preached at ; we do not like thing that comes from active partici
field. Then again unconscious and in people whose avowed purpose is to pation in life. There are those that
direct methods are to be preferred. Dr. make us better. We don't like the su believe a person can be Americanized
Park, one of the best authorities in perior, dictatorial method that usually by being taught to read text book les
this field, says: "In assimilation the accompanies such efforts and rebel at sons about it and being told in lec-
process is typically unconscious ; the it and resent it. Yet much of our work Continued on page 57)

Something More Than Patriotism

THROUGH the courtesy of a friend, In the interests of a broader con derstand that the law^ excluding certain
I have been allowed to read care sideration of the subject of racial peoples from citizenship was made in
fully the striking paper written for the assimilation, The Friend is privileged the interest of confining the privilege
Social Workers' Conference by the Rev. of the franchise to "free white" per
to present comment upon it by Dr. G.
R. G. Hall of Kauai. sons. That principle has been already
A. Johnston Ross, now sojourning in set at naught in the case of the negro.
I have been asked to comment upon Honolulu. Dr. Ross introduces a new It was built into the statute book at v
the paper. I do so with great diffi element in the discussion. Both he time when ethnological knowledge was
dence. If Mr. Hall feels that his two and Mr. Hall challenge our consider in its infancy. Indeed, is ethnological
vears' experience in the Islands leaves
ation of a phase of Americanization knowledge beyond that stage now?
him "too much of a malihini to speak
work which our zeal may be leading Cheap bombast about "Nordic Domina
with confidence on concrete questions"
us to overlook. tion"—stuff borrowed from the Cham
connected with racial assimilation, how
berlain school of generalizers and with
much more should the six months' res
out historical perspective—that will not
ilient distrust his impressions? the hands of literally every visitor to
long deceive intelligent people. A
There are two things, however, which these Islands. friend of mine, Dr. T. R. Glover, wrote
perhaps I may safely do. First, one is The only other thing I can do is to a book some years ago in which he
under obligation to express one's in try to state from my own point of view
said : "We know very little about
debtedness to Mr. Hall for his singu- as Mr. Hall has so brilliantly done
race." In a footnote to the passage he
lary lucid, fair, constructive view of from his, what I believe to be the
added : "I have submitted this sentence
the whole matter. The distinction he Christian attitude to race assimilation.
to a leading ethnologist who says 'For
draws with so firm a hand between First of all, one must use in one's
"little" read "nothing." '
amalgamation and assimilation is of thinking the obvious distinction be
tween aliens born outside of America If, as Mr. Hall says. "America means
the utmost value as an obstruction-
and the children of foreign birth born equal rights and opportunities," then
clearer in one's thinking upon the treat
ment of the alien, and his insistence within the territory of America. the question is forced upon one whether
1. Adult aliens born outside of the time has not come to abolish an
that (as a succinct headline expresses
it) "unity is achieved by participation" America. Here at the outset a subdi unscientific distinction between the "as
vision has to be made. Of these aliens, similable" and the "unassimilable," be
goes right to the core of the whole dif
some are eligible for citizenship, some tween those eligible and those ineligible
ficulty. If there were nothing else but
these two points in Mr. Hall's paper, have been by law declared ineligible. for citizenship.
that paper would be well worth re One must ask. before proceeding fur But suppose all foreigners admitted
printing as a pamphlet to be placed in ther, is that law sound or just? I un to these shores were regarded as eli
54 THE FRIEND March, 1923

gible for citizenship, what measures Today, missionaries who have re utters such a phrase and the imperfect
should be taken with them? The ceived the best training are careful character of the education which is open
Christian instinct at once approves and that no suspicion of an attempt to de to the charge of educating "away from"
directs the teaching of English and the nationalize their converts shall accom work.
explanation through "civics" classes, of pany their work. Is there not a hint The little alien, then, is to be intro
the system of government and manner here for ardent Americanizers? I per duced to the history, principles, great
of life for which America stands. sonally know Europeans who, utterly leaders of the nation into whose citi
Everything should be done to assure unused to the idea of pressure in the zenship he is born. But surely the
the alien that this is the land of equal matter of citizenship, have been side child should also be instructed in the
ity, of opportunity and that he is tracked from the idea of becoming main outlines of the history, language,
welcome to share in the God-given re American citizens just by an unwise ideals of the nation from which he has
sources of the land and invited to co urgency that did not sufficiently dis sprung. He is a product, whether we
operate in its service. But, as things claim the purpose of "denationaliza like it or not, of at least two great
now stand in the world, all this should tion." I believe that the ideal country currents of influence, and if he is
be done without conveying the impres is a country anxious to learn ; that its taught sympathetically to understand
sion that the alien's denationalization is best citizens will be those who to the and appreciate both, he will be the bet
intended. If he chooses to denation: valuable in their native traditions have ter, the more affluent-minded citizen.
alize himself good and well; but it is added an appreciation of the valuable If he be of Japanese birth, he is enti
possible that we in America under in the country of their adoption or in tled to become as familiar with Meiji
rate the grip which the national tradi the countries whose citizens they adopt ; as with Abraham Lincoln, and to know
tions of aliens have upon these aliens. and that in the good time coming we what Nogi stood for as well as to honor
and that we underestimate the value shall lay for ever the ghost of that the name of General Grant. It is an
they set upon these traditions. And it monster which has struck terror into unworthy fear, and fear alone, which
has to be carefully noted here that we the heart of the alien—the menace of suggests the idea that the little Japan
must not too hastily equate "national" "compulsory naturalization." And the ese should forget Meiji and Okuma
with "political." A Scotchman is po good time is coming ; the tidal wave of and Nogi, and know only Washington.
litically British, and British is often nationalism which the war brought with Lincoln and Roosevelt. We have blun
equated with English. Yet the Scotch it, of a nationalism peculiarly sadden dered into a mistake of this sort in our
man is, as the whole world knows, ing in America because so many of her education in the common schools. Our
psychologically far apart from the Eng guests hoped she was going to be not American civilization, like that of Eu
lishman ; and it is to his Scottish tra so much a nation in the old sense, as rope, derives mainly from two sources :
ditions that in the main the Scot abroad an "experiment in internationalism"— Greece and Zion, Hellenism and He
clings, perhaps all the more tenaciously this will pass, just as the tidal wave of braism. Yet because of denomination
because his political alliance with the denominationalism and of bottomless al fanaticism and a nationwide illiteracy
English has not been without its his provincialism in religion is passing, in religion, our children in the public
tory of foolish and of course futile at and we, or at least our children's chil schools are not allowed to know in any
tempts on the part of the English to dren—will be brought out into "a place detail one of the two great forces of
"denationalize" him. of liberty." which they themselves and their civ
We must also remember that there 2. But what about the little alien, ilization are the resultant.
born of alien parents in the United
are national ideas and ideals, say in The effects of this one-sidedness in
States, and a citizen malgre luif One
the Orient, which the Oriental not only our education are apparent all round us
must not, I suppose, call in question in the rise of grotesque cults that either
rightly values, but which he cannot
the wisdom—and certainly one dare not ignore history or, as in the case of
surrender without impoverishment.
question the generosity—of the law Mormonism, falsify it to an extent that
Closer acquaintance with foreign peo
which makes the little alien, willy nilly, is positively terrifying. We must avoid
ples is constantly unveiling things of an American citizen. Yet this may be
unsuspected worth in their thought and a like disaster in our training of the
a case where reconsideration and redefi
life. That discovery is beginning to citizens of the world who are growing
nition might be profitable.'
revolutionize missionary work. There up around our feet. For, beyond a
But. on the existing basis, what is to shadow of doubt, God has in store for
is now no sort of doubt that foreign be done with the little alien child who
missionary work in its earlier stages our descendants, in the spatially col
is nevertheless American? It goes lapsed and frontierless world in which
was not free from this "denationaliza without saying that he is to be given they will live, something better than
tion" menace. In the early days of a an education and a training in the du the nationalisms which have since
Scottish Presbyterian Mission to India ties of citizenship second to none in the
Charlemagne's day controlled so much
a distinguished Parsee convert. Xara- country. Scorn of "educating the
of the world and which in our unhappy
yan Sheshadri, who was (perhaps un Simians* away from the plantations1'
time have had so disastrous a revival.
wisely) brought to Scotland to be ex reveals two things : the un- American
"Standing before God and eternity."
hibited as a trophy of the Gospel, em ized character of the mere "native" who
said Edith Cavell two hours before she
barrassed the authorities at a great * I have used this word because I know died, "I begin to perceive that some
meeting in Edinburgh by saying slow not how without it to convey an idea of thing more than patriotism is neces
ly: "I perceive that I have been made the contemptuous tone in which in such a
connection the names of particular races sary." What is that "something more?"
a black Scotchman." are uttered. It is the task of the rising generation
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 55

to give that "something more" a name nor a segregated provincialism, but a congratulations of over 137 of the
and a reality. Meanwhile in our treat merging into a larger, more highly en Cousins. But even then the guileless
ment of the alien, we must keep before dowed, more beneficent unity—the unity heart of the little secretary was not
us the fact that the divine purpose for of the "Kingdom of God." stirred by any suspicion of the extent
the nations is neither a dull uniformity G. A. JOHNSTON ROSS. of the conspiracy. The Board of Man
agers, to a man, was at length forced
to beg her to open her gift. This she
did and with trembling hands disclosed
Mrs. Andrews Honored a knitted bag of black silk and jet
beads, handsome, but still plain enough
THE attainment of eighty years is in ing!) And it was fortunate indeed that to be taken to church. "Only 1 a;
itself a distinction. Still to be in such rigid precautions had been taken, afraid that if I took it there. I could not
active service at that ripe age is the for in the excitement of her surprise listen to the sermon very well," she ad
achievement of but few. Yet the Old Mrs. Andrews that afternoon confessed mitted shyly. To look further within
Mission Houses across the way on King timidly that the daring thought had the bag did not occur to her as next in
Street are presided over every day and the order of proceedings. And she had
almost all day except Sunday by Mrs. to be urged to continue her explorations.
R. W. Andrews, who on March seventh One of the two little side pockets con
reached her eightieth milestone. Late tained a dainty white handkerchief to
in February word of her approaching rh"y possible tears of excitement ; the <■
anniversary was passed by her asso posite pocket held a small change purse
ciate, Miss Agnes Judd, to the presi containing a strip of paper neatly fold
dent and vice-president of the "Cous ed, requesting Mrs. Maria S. Andrews
ins' " or Hawaiian Mission Children's I I to draw on the Bank of Hawaii for the
Society, the organization which for sum of $1,707.50. And the statement
many years has been privileged to count followed that there was still some
Mrs. Andrews its recording secretary. change coming to her. Patiently the
In the hope that a purse of perhaps little hands unfolded the crackling pa
$1,000 might be collected, a letter was per and obediently her eyes tried to
promptly sent out by the Board of read the order written thereon. But it
i i
Managers to over 250 of the "Cousins" i ' I seemed as if it could not be true.
in the Islands who could be reached in "Why," she faltered, "no one ever had
time for the celebration. In less than a birthday like this!" She could no
a week's time, over a hundred had re occurred to her of actually taking a longer stand, but, as she sat down
plied, sending the fund well over the day off for no other reason than that slowly, one hand held the folded bit of
top, and contributions were still coming on her eightieth birthday she had a no paper, and the other rested caressingly
in even after the middle of March. This tion of sitting awhile in her easy chaii on the black beaded purse. And still
made it possible to elaborate the gift at home. Monstrous thought 1—fortu once more she had to be prompted, for
by putting a small part of the addi nately nipped in its incipient budding. anyone whose eyes were not treacher
tional fund into two or three purchases Else the Board of Managers would have ously misty could see in the bottom of
such as the gentle recipient would never been the ones to be surprised ! As it the black bag the outlines of a little
presume to make for herself. was, however, the little lady herself, box. But her hands quivered so that
The plan for the hookupu was to even with so discreet a warning, was they could hardly disclose what lay
have as many as possible of the Board completely overwhelmed with surprise within it, a small gold watch with ra
of Managers of the society meet at the During the morning, flowers began to dium dial. On the back of it were
Old Mission House at four o'clock on arrive, but no alarm was taken at theii Mrs. Andrews' initials and the date of
the afternoon of March seventh, to gentle message, and the little secretary her eightieth birthday. She has done
make the presentation. Miss Judd was maintained the unruffled pursuit of her without a watch for a great many
to work there in the afternoon to make customary duties. At four, various years, and latterly has used a little
sure that Mrs. Andrews did not leave members of the Board of Managers be borrowed United States Army watch
before that hour. The venerable sec gan to appear with congratulations. But returned from war service in France.
retary is a notorious devotee to the call still the secretary's wonted calm of When the new one, all her own, was
of duty. But lest some mischance keep manner pervaded the old printing room, fastened on her wrist, she could no
her at home all day, she had been of even when the president breezed in with longer utter even detached parts of sen
ficially notified that a friend, asking eight American Beauty roses and the tences. But her face was radiant, her
leave to congratulate her during the •hint that "eight and nothing make eyes bright, and the fingers of her right
afternoon, had been told that it would eighty you see," in a valiant attempt hand touched the new watch lovingly.
certainly require more than her own to cheer up an already obviously cheer And at last, amid requests from all
birthday to keep Mrs. Andrews away ful situation. present, she mustered courage to show
from the post of duty. (It is only with Finally, when seven or eight of the every one the time of day. And she
in the current year that she has been members of the Board of Managers had wanted, personally, to thank every one
persuaded to open the Old House at gathered, the president offered Mrs. of the many Cousins who had thought
ten instead of nine o'clock every morn Andrews a little parcel with the hearty of her so beautifully that day.
 THE FRIENL) March, 1923
5fi

The Board of Managers takes this

opportunity to ask to be informed of Fundamental Justice Onr\) Solution
any oversight in sending out its letter
of very grateful acknowledgment, for,
as "even in the best regulated famil
Says Dr. Hodgkin
ies," although the list has been care A FEARLESS facing of the interna "We must dare to plan our lives on
fully checked, an omission may have tional situation and a recognition the assumption that love works. It is
occurred, or some letter may have been of the need of one nation for the other love, one individual for another, one
waylaid in the mails. The gifts were were named by Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin nation for another, that presents the only
many, and in amount far beyond an as prerequisites in the solution of inter solution to the problem."
ticipation, having now reached the sum national problems. A mass meeting for representatives of
of $1,910.00. The loving thoughts Dr. Hodgkin was in Honolulu March all evangelical churches in Honolulu was
which prompted them found an instant 14 en route to Shanghai to take up the held at Central Union in the evening
response in the complete surprise and duties of executive officer of the newly prior to the sailing of the steamer.
utter happiness of the secretary who formed National Christian Council of Dr. Hodgkin prefaced his remarks
honors the Hawaiian Mission Children's China. His address at the Nuuanu Y. with portions from the Second Book of
Society with her services. M. C. A. following a luncheon arranged Samuel, the 22nd chapter, and from the
in his honor was a stirring call to love second chapter of the Epistle to the
more and to understand better the other Ephesians.
A modern adaptation of these verses
Trophy Avdard for Annual fellow and the other nation.
brought his address to a stirring con
"The relationships of the world must
clusion. He said in part :
Chorus Contest be settled by fundamental justice," said
Dr. Hodgkin. "If justice is denied to When I was reading the chapter of
Sponsored by the Advisory Commit
any race the idea of justice in the world which I have read the first few verses
tee of the University of Hawaii Y. M. a little while ago some of those verses
C. A., an annual contest of male chor is lowered."
"Better relationships between Amer stood out in my mind and especially
uses from the high schools of the city, this verse: "For by my God have I
and possibly of the Territory, will be ica and the Orient will not come," he
continued, "through an effort to Amer- leaped over a wall." I seem to see the
inaugurated, the first contest to take • icanize the Orient or to Orientalize young boy David on the hillside of his
place in the spring of 1924. native country breathing that splendid
America.
The idea of a contest in which the "In the work of the National Chris air and seeing the magnificence of that
various high schools shall compete has tian Council we are trying to create countryside and every evening coming
been enthusiastically received and voted Chinese leadership. It is significant into contact with the power of God.
upon by the Student Council of the that one of the executives chosen is a and then meeting the difficulties of his
University. It is in line with a chorus woman. She is symbolic of the new life problems that came to him as a
contest which is held annually in New China, the China which stands on the tender of the sheep by this strength—
York City and will create at once a threshold of great things for herself and the strength that he had breathed in on
competitive spirit and an esprit de corps for the world. the great hillside in God's open air. And
unknown to the high schools at the "We are also standing for the idea of then one remembers how that same
unity. We are representative of all youth with all his enthusiasm went down
present time.
Christian churches in China except the into the dark places where clouds of
An appropriate trophy will be offer despair and difficulty hung over the
Catholics. We are one in our desire for
ed. The design for this will be under camp, and there seeing men's face-
the general direction of Mrs. Thomas Christian justice.
"We stand also for the idea of the clouded and hearing them muttering to
Fisher and will be created at the Acad one another discontented and fearful,
Spirit, for the Spirit which has led the
emy of Design. Details for the pos he brought fresh breezes of the hillside
session of the trophy are yet to be world is as active in China as any
where. It is a spiritual adventure upon and he came with the conviction one
worked out, but it is now thought that had there that nothing would be impos
after being won three times it should which we have set."
The fact that peace is not yet estab sible to a man who had the spirit of his
become the permanent possession of the God within him, and the boy faced the
lished and that another war would be
winning school. enemies of his country and overcame
inconceivably worse than the last was
The plan now in vogue in New York brought out by Dr. Hodgkin during the them.
calls for a contest in the spring with course of his address. But there were far more difficult
the contesting clubs singing two or "We are face to face," he said, "with things than that for David to face—the
three numbers, one of which is selected the significance of modern war and its difficulty of the long and bitter struggle
by the committee. All of the clubs sing aftermath. Failure to solve the inter with Saul, when he had to keep a
this particular song, and each school national problem means virtually the straight temper, when he had to keep
also sings a selection of its own and suicide of the human race. The idea his patience, and when he had to go
possibly a school song. of national exploitation which is often steadily on day in and day out believ
Considerable enthusiasm in the plan camouflaged by the right of mandate is ing that a great destiny was here and
has already been aroused among stu fundamentally challenged by a true and he continued to see a man unworthy for
dents. just conception of life," he continued. his post having his position which he
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 57

was one day to succeed—and I think Insofar as we have accepted these endowed prisoners and criminals with
that was another of the great victories walls we find made in the long history wings, what value would barbed wire
that David won. of the races, insofar as we have al fences have been? Is not that possible?
lowed them to be not simply external Can we apply it to our modern life?
And then we may think of other
but internal—just so far the free spirit Here we are living in a society which
things. He was no saint. He was one
in us has become cracked. We have has very great many injustices, which
of those men who sin and sin deeply,
lost something of the enthusiasm and has very many walls made by stupid
and we see how he met his sin and the
joy of the great inspiration of God"s prejudices and selfishness of men—
grief that came to him because of his
word. walls made by prejudiced class divisions,
sin. But somehow through all his weak
But to some these walls are terrible walls around social circles, walls that
ness, and he was weak, he kept that
things. Let us take a person born into separate two neighbors because of some
secret of all living—and so he was able
the proletariat, the group of workers. issue at dispute between them. The
to say, as he looked back on that life
He sees this wall which separates him whole of society seems like that, but if
and saw all of the difficulties which he
from the capitalist class ; feels it is it were given to us to have wings, spir
had faced and overcome, "By my God
wrong, there ought to be no such wall. itual wings by which we could rise
have I leaped over a wall." above these walls—the walls would still
It seems a tremendous obstacle to the
I want to take that verse and relate free play of his spirit ; it prevents him be there but they would become irrele
it to the modern life—the social order, from being what he wants to be, from vant. One of the great tasks of the
as we may call it—the national life in educating his child as the child of the Christian church is the task of making
which we find ourselves today. In tak man on the other side of the wall is walls irrelevant, the walls of society
ing this verse I may be carrying it be educated. So in his soul grows up the wherever we see them.
yond its original meaning but I am not sense of resentment—desire to break One or two pictures out of my own
untrue to the conception of the life of down that wall. He beats at it until experience. I would like to take you
the man who lived and fought his life his fists are bruised in the struggle ; to Finland to meet a friend. She is a
as recorded in that simple verse. sees the necessity for groups, a revolu baroness in her own right, a woman
The boy of today might be said to be tion, some violent attempt to break it who has given some thirty years or
born into a world in which there are up, and gets a rebellious attitude to more of her life among prisoners and
many wars. Pie may think when he is ward society. His soul becomes embit criminals in Finland. During the pe
in his nursery as he looks out on the tered maybe. Little by little he sees
riod following the revolution of Russia
hostile war anybody who comes into his how hard it is to break down the wall the Reds and Whites were involved in
life will be welcomed as a friend. Chil regardless of all the strength in hand, bitter strife in Finland. This woman
dren do not have born in them the sense perhaps he turns cynic. He feels "That told me how she used to have repre
of race prejudice, or a sense of anything is how society is; I have done my best ; sentatives come to her room—repre
which is to be put between themselves, I can do no more," and ends a life of sentatives from both sides ; her rela
and so the entire tendency of the child bitter struggle against race order with tives, the Whites, and her criminal
is to trust and take people as he finds despair. And this is the story of many friends, the Reds. She kept on her ta
them. If he is brought up in a home people. ble a vase containing two flow:ers—a
where those around him are loving and But when I read this verse the red one and a white one. In the morn
worthy of trust he keeps this trust for a thought came to me, "Suppose it could ing when the aristocracy came she show
time. We teach him it is dangerous to be given to any large number of people ed them the flowers and asked why
trust people—until it is proved that they to learn David's lesson, to say, 'By my they could not live together; and in the
are trustworthy, we assume they are God have I learned to leap over,' what evening when her criminals came to see
not. We teach him of wars—happily would happen." her she had the same story. She tried
those wars in this place seem much
During the war it was my duty to go to bring them together. One day a man
fewer and less obvious than in many
down and visit one of the great camps who had been in prison a number of
places, but as one travels around the
for the internment of prisoners of war. years convicted of murder dropped into
world he finds them—walls separating
One of my friends, a professor of one her room and they had a long inter
classes, groups of Christians, groups in
of the universities of Germany, had a view. There had been firing and prob
one religious family, and so on, and so
son captured and I went down to see ability of more. The man's mother had
the child growing up begins to lose the
him and help him in any way I could. been murdered under peculiarly horri
sense of this great expanse of country
The camp was a huge area around ble circumstances by some people con
side of God and finds himself in a city
which there was barbed wire entangle nected with the other side. Talking
of many walls—unpleasant walls at that.
ments, and inside were several square about the situation she asked him what
One of two things happens : He may miles of camps and accessories. Not he was going to do. He asked, "How
accept the walls of the city, take up city very far away was a prison. In this could you ask that?" She thought of
policies with no desire for the open air, prison were great walls cutting it off his dead mother, his own record of
content to live as a prisoner—which from the surrounding country ; powerful crime, and asked him hesitatingly what
causes him to think of people in an and horrible walls. Inside were crim he meant. He said, "After the things
other country as bis racial and national inals and men held for one reason or you have taught us I could noi resort
enemies, other races as inferior to his another by the state. These people were to any violence." "But your mother."
own, and he grows up to accept this. entirely shut off from others. Birds she asked. "What good would it do
What happens to his soul? could pass easily. If we could have mv mother if I would kill others if it
 THE FRIEND March, 1923

were they themselves who had killed face. He has been with us in our meet In the beautiful city of Hangchow
her?" In the midst of this great quarrel ings, has played the music as we sang on the shores of Lake Hangchow were
—and it had never seemed more bitter our hymns, prayed with us. Arm in gathered in a little room people from
—something had happened in that man's arm with him is a Romish ex-priest giv the two countries that face one another
life which made him able to 'eap over ing a large part of his life to preaching across the sea with great ill will. I am
the wall. From that woman's sv, cet, their religion—eager, warm-hearted. Be not going to attempt to go into all of
strong, beautiful life went forth power tween those two men a deep communion the details of the problems between
which gave men wings—power to of soul. Something had happened— China and Japan, but I remember near
transcend this tremendous battle which they had found their God, they had ly twenty years ago when I went out 1
shut men off from one another. leaped over the wall. went at the time of the great Russian
I take you to another scene. When In the heart of Madagascar in a fleet. When in Teinstin news came of
the war in Europe broke out in Con church were gathered some 20 people— the great battle, telling of how ships
stance on the shores of Lake Constance three or four of us Britishers, the rest of that great Russian fleet had been
just within the German front, several folk from Madagascar. One hundred sunk one after another. There in the
men were gathered. years or so ago they had no written heart of China I felt the throb of young
We were told the time had come when language, they were a very primitive China. Japan had challenged the West.
we must make our escape or accept people miles away from the western Russia had met her and was vanishing.
convoy of train provided by the German nations. We took a little simple meal, Young China looked to Japan to help
emperor down across the war country. and when it was over, I do not know her to stand up to the encroachment of
We felt the latter was the best thing how or why, no one said anything about the West. Ten thousand students pass
to do and did it. At midnight on Au it—one man arose to his feet and spoke. ed into the Japan universities; profes
gust 3, 1914, just 24 hours before war I could not understand him, but later sors from Japan came into Tibet. There
separated England and Germany, I was found that he told of the simple experi was great opportunity for Japan, be
standing on the platform at Cologne ence of how Jesus Christ came into his cause China was looking to her. We
saying good-bye to a young man who life. He had heard that call and it need not stop to apportion blame. Lit
had been chaplain to the Kaiser, but whe meant he must give his life to Christ. tle by little China came to realize that
had given up that work to devote him One after another they told their ex Japan was not going to help her, but
self to work in the slums of Berlin As perience—then silence, deep silence— exploit her, open up her resources to
he said good-bye the noise of trains then a few words of prayer and we use to her own advantage (all this a>
passing through almost drowned bis were melted into what? The barrier is it appeared to the youth of China. I
words, along with the cheering of peo still there, civilization miles apart, but There was a great revolution, the feel
ple on the platforms. He gripped my something has happened in that room ing of China turned and became bitter
hand and said, "Whatever happens it which broke right across it—the walls and terrible. No stronger feeling in
will make no difference between you became irrelevant, Jesus Christ was in Europe has existed than the feeling of
and me." He went back to Berlin and our midst and in him we are welcome. (Continued on page 61)
I to London. Twelve months later we
met in Switzerland. After the meet
ing he took me into his room and said,
"Before we start to talk I should like
TTie Need for Self Expression Triru Drama
to read a verse in this little book." By Mary S. Laurence
He opened the book and read, "I have EDUCATORS of long ago concerned around us which it attempts to por
set before thee a door open which no themselves with certain phases ot tray. Take a street scene in a large
man can shut." It was a very elegant the child's life and left others for the city for example. A painting of this
way of reviving those words spoken at home and the street. street is much more true to reality than
Cologne. The door which all of the pow the movie with its jerky men and other
er of Prussian militarism nerved to But homes have changed and so have
camouflages.
every effort of war could never shut ! streets. The amusement of the average
In spite of the predominence of th<
Across that frontier men could not pass boy and girl needs direction as it never
movie we realize that the legitimate
save for the desperate needs of war, but did before. Much that is held out as
drama has its own place to fill. Then
there was no frontier between his soul bait for them is not training the emo
should be a little theatre in Honoluh
and mine—the war was irrevelant. tions toward the development of finer
for amateur performances, where botl
feelings but is creating instead a love
Shortly after the close of the war, in adults and children will have a chano
of sensation and a restlessness which
the -pine woods of Holland, a lovely for self-expression under favorable con
we all deplore.
spot, some twenty men and women from ditions.
different nations met to pray together And the MOVIE, not the least of Indications point toward the realiza
in the name of Jesus Christ. War spirit these doubtful amusements, has come tion of this need. Initial steps hav
was in the air yet. A German soldier is to stay. We are forced to recognize already been taken by a committee rep
with us who had fought through the this fact but we need not let it crowd resenting ten different organizations
earlier years. He has learned through out everything else. We can also see As soon as they have their report read;
his talk with others and he never could that only the best of pictures reach for publication we shall know the site
take up arms again. There is an Aus our children. The movie is below sense available and the steps necessary t
trian priest, young, strong, with a kind impression; it is not true to the life secure financial support.
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 59

In this connection it will be of in Great American Statesmen Series ing it to raise money for a needy cause.
terest to see what others are doing (Urban), Abraham Lincoln, etc. Indirectly, however, I consider the
along- this same line. Mrs. C. E. Mer- Prizma—I Know a Garden. showing of that film a very fine piece
riam, writing in behalf of the National Pathe Review—The Dust People of Americanization work. It makes
Committee of Mothers and Parent- (Morocco), The Sun Path, Manly one feel proud of America; it enlists
Teachers' Associations, says in a per Sports of Japan, The Cities That Time your interest in a great enterprise; it
sonal letter : Forgot, The Grafters, etc. makes you feel yourself an active par
"For the younger children we are ticipant in the development of the
urging dramatic work to give them a American spirit of helpfulness in that
chance to act themselves in little plays
Tree History Wanted land. Probably no one felt he was be
and pantomimes. They prefer to take DOES anyone know the history of ing "Americanized" in the process, but
part themselves, and we believe that if tree planting in the Capitol we were, in the very best and most
communities sponsored this dramatic grounds? pedagogical of ways. Here was a sen
work and allowed the children to get The question is asked by Mrs. Theo timental loyalty in which you had made
the training free, they would gladly dore Cooke, chairman of the Civic Cen yourself a part and you come away
stay away from the movies." ter Committee of the Outdoor Circle. feeling that this country of yours is
She will be most grateful if anyone exceedingly worth while. I have talked
The following list of movies is rec
having information which would bring with a number of persons over the ef
ommended by the National Congress of
to light facts in regard to the trees fect of the film and have come to be
Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associa
would communicate with her. lieve that the greatest value of the film
tions :
It is believed that at least some of was not in the money it brought in to
For the family : the trees were planted by members Oi buy beans and corn grits for children
Marion Davies in "Adam and Eva' the royal family of Hawaii or by vis in the Near East, great as that may be,
(story of rich man's children, who be iting notables of early days. Such in but in the active participation of per
lieve he has lost his money, and en formation would greatly increase in sons in an enterprise which was dis
deavor to support themselves). terest in the trees and should be handed tinctly America at its best.
Laurette Taylor in "Peg O' My down to succeeding generations. Participation Should Be Sought
Heart." Mrs. Cooke's residence telephone
Harold Lloyd in "Dr. Jack" (make* number is 69077. Participation is the thing to be
his patients well by bringing happiness sought after in assimilation. The re
to them). cent Americanization studies emphasize
Tom Mix in "Romance Land." Facts Relating to Racial the fact that "patriotism, loyalty and
"The Headless Horseman" (adapted common sense are neither created nor
from Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hol Assimilation transmitted by purely intellectual pro
low). (Continued from page 53) cesses. Men must live and work and
"Java Head." tures what a wonderful country this fight together in order to create that
Wallace Reid in "Thirty Days." land of the free is. Run him through community of interest and sentiment
For high school age: Fnglish and civics, get him to memor which will enable them to meet the cri
"The Third Alarms" (sad story of ize a little of the constitution and be sis of their common life with a com
the passing of our fire department able to tell how the president of the mon will." In this one can see the re
horses). United States is elected. The deed is lationship to the newer theories of ed
"Monte Cristo" (adapted to suit the done and he is Americanized. Well, ucation. Life and activity are the great
producer). that is all very good, but he has not teachers. Participation rather than pa
"A Front Page Story" (a cleverly begun to be Americanized. How often ternalism is the thing to be aimed at.
done newspaper story). you hear, especially in the States, some Paternalism, no matter how benevo
Agnes Ayres in "Racing Hearts" thing like this: Americanization? Sure! lent, will not assimilate. Psychologic
(story of rival auto dealers and a "Oh, we used to have an Americaniza ally it emphasizes differences; partici
race). tion problem, but we haven't one any pation will assimilate, for it calls to
For adults only : longer. Several years ago we got all unity. There is a particular need thai
Lon Chaney in "Shadows" (story of the foreigners in our town into some the dominant racial groups of the is
a Chinese laundryman who brings hap English and civics classes and in two lands realize that fact. There can be
piness to some patrons—a well acted or three months we Americanize 'em assimilation in the best sense of the
film, but would not appeal to young all." word only as individuals are made to
people). An Example of Americanization feel a part of the community life and
Comedy cartoons for the family : Our best Americanization work will community activities. Americanization
Col. Heeza Liar and the Ghost. not come through what we commonly is best worked out from the neighbor
Felix Turn the Tide (Pat Sullivan designate as "Americanization" work. hood, and participation is the method.
Comedy). It will come in some cases in spite of More can be done along that line here
Educational films for the family : it. We have just finished on Kauai the in the islands. We have recently had
Hunting Big Game in Africa (the H. showing of the film "Seeing Is Believ on Kauai a very interesting example of
H. Snow expedition), a remarkable rec ing," or "LTncle America Sees It what can be accomplished when right
ord of hunting with a new vehicle—a Through," the Near East relief film methods are used. The County Y. M.
flivver. of the year. Ostensibly we were show C. A., in raising its budget, apportion
oo THE FRIEND March, 1923

ed to Mr. VVatada, the Hawaiian-born tacts of a good group life. There are will be predominatingly Oriental in
Japanese secretary, his salary to be some aspects possibly that need to be physical characteristics but American
raised over the island among the Japan strengthened. General reading should speaking, American thinking and Amer
ese. Over a thousand dollars was be more emphasized. Biography epe- ican in loyalty."
raised toward that fund in the island. cially should be stressed. The life of
Koloa raised almost $200—a large sum Lincoln can give more to a reader to
for that racial group to give. Some ward assimilation than any course on Bj) George H. De Kay
would see in it only that amount of the duty of citizenship. That touches Supt Anti- Saloon League of Ha-tfaii
money raised, but it is more than that. the sentiments, and social solidarity is Probably the only place where public
You have enlisted a great number of to a large extent based on sentiment.
sentiment on the liquor question can be
persons in an island enterprise ; they Influence of Movies Doubtful honestly and fairly guaged is at the
have felt that here is something of I am not sure how much the movie polls, and there only when such a cam
which they are a part. You have made accomplishes toward Americanization. paign has been carried on as will really
them active participants in a commu It supplants old memories and builds awaken many people who are ordinarily
nity enterprise. Some might call it new attitudes and sentiments. Of that disinclined to take the trouble to vote.
only raising money, but it was more I believe there can be no doubt. Wheth
"Straw votes" seldom reflect public sen
than that ; it was a step in Americani er, however, it is not a case of driving timent to any real extent. This was
zation. out one devil and seven more coming
well demonstrated in the great po"st card
Affects All the People in 1 am not able to say. But it could vote which the Literary Digest carried
After all, when it comes right down be a great Americanizer. on last summer. More than ten mil
to facts, Americanization, assimilation, I do not believe the church and its lion cards were said to have been sent
cannot be restricted to any group. It activities hold the place that they out in an attempt to guage public sen
applies to everyone. We are not born might. They are too much along racial
timent on the modification of the Vol
lines. We associate in politics and in
Americans, except legally. We become stead Act, and the legalization of beer
education more than we do in religion.
Americans. Every child born in Amer and wine. Less than ten per cent of the
Whether that means that religion is
ica, no matter of what blood, is to a total number replied, and as later de
narrower and some would say less fun velopments proved these were not very
certain extent a little immigrant to us
damentally Christian than, say, educa
who must learn English, acquire the truly indicative of the real sentiment.
attitudes, beliefs and culture which we tion, I do not know, but religion in Ha
For instance, in Ohio the post card vote
like to term Americanism. Some of waii is in no sense the unifier that it
indicated a majority in favor of licens
them never acquire it, although biolog ought to be. That is said in no sense ing the sale of wine and beer. But
of criticism, but it is to be regretted. when the proposition came before the
ically they may be 100 per cent. Amer
icanization is not something static but Newspapers As Forces voters at the polls in November in a
something dynamic ; like education it The habit of reading is a great force concrete form which if passed would
ought never to end for any of us. for assimilation. I should put the Star- have nullified the Volstead Act in so
The University of Chicago, depart Bulletin and the Advertiser as two of far as Ohio went, it was defeated by a
ment of sociology, a few years back the greatest forces for Americanization majority of about 190,000. In Illinois,
sent out questionnaires and succeeded in the islands. A great host of our Ha where a similar proposition received an
in getting data on what were the most waiian-born young people are reading apparent majority (although in this case
vital factors influencing the life and them. I believe they are doing a splen it was only an expression of opinion )
character of 87,000 Chicago school chil did piece of work in the process of as of 300,000, the "dry" voters generally
dren. Those answers, as might be ex similation. Common ideas, common did not vote on it at all. The real sen
pected, indicated the home as first, then sentiments are being built up and uni timent showed in the votes for two Con-
the school, then the movie, then the fication brought about. gressmen-at-large, when both the "dry"
church. The home here in the islands This paper is already too lengthy. candidates (in a state-wide vote) re
is not the force for assimilation as in I feel that large and difficult as may ceived majorities of 377,101 and 245,016
many places, yet I do not believe it is seem the problems of assimilation in respectively, and when thirty-four out
as distinctly "anti" as some would have the islands, they are by no means hope of forty-eight candidates endorsed by
us think. The school is the great less. I believe we shall prove equal to the Anti-Saloon League were elected.
force. If one analyzes the agencies of the task. No one can tell what the I recently sent out the following ques
the islands that make for social assim future will bring. It may bring much tionnaire on prohibition to 275 repre
ilation, I believe without hesitation one more biological fusion than we antici sentative men and women of Hawaii in
would rank the public school first. pate, I am sure ft will bring psycholog an effort to learn something of the real
Through its indirect, largely uncon ical fusion. Mr. Riley Allen, in a very public opinion on the whole matter.
scious work it has accomplished much. interesting article that appeared several These were not sent (as has been sug
New attitudes, new loyalties, new view years ago, has put into words the con gested to me) just to people whom I
points come there generally and nor clusions that I would affirm. He says, knew were in favor of prohibition. On
mally. There is given the fund of speaking of the civilization of the fu the contrary, I did not send them to a
ideals and appreciations which consti ture here: "It will not be bi-lingual, good many whose views I know per
tute the common heritage of all Amer for even the strongly nationalistic Jap fectly, although some went to men of
icans. There we associate in the great anese find their children drifting from whom I felt quite certain as to some
community enterprise and have the con them in language as in customs. It of the questions but uncertain as to
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 61

others. Some went to men whom I The estimates of decrease in drinking

supposed were opposed to prohibition, run from fifty to ninety per cent, the
Fundamental Justice
(Continued from page 58)
and a considerable number to men whose latter figure coming from several men
China for Japan. Yet here were these
names were selected from the directory who travel widely and have large op
as representing craftsmen, foremen, etc. men and women meeting. Only a year
portunity for observation.
Only one of these made any reply. One or two before China refused to send
If those who did not reply had done delegates to a Sunday School convention
was sent also to every member of the so perhaps these general observations
Legislature, and only one of them re because it was held in Japan. One day
would have been somewhat changed. they talked, and talked all day long, and
plied. But taking those who did as fairly rep the Chinese opened up their hearts and
But the sixty-eight replies received are resentative of public opinion, one feels told the people what they felt Japan
interesting and rather significant of the that Governor Farrington probably had done; and all the next day the
sentiment of, at least, the better edu knows public sentiment when he says
Japanese showed the problem they had
cated and thoughtful class of citizens. that "I am satisfied that if the prohi
to face and helped us to see their prob
One thing is plain—no one seems to bition law with all its exacting require lems. So we went at it with absolute
wants the saloon back again. Of the ments was presented to the people of
and even brutal frankness. Men said
six who favor legalizing the sale of beer this Territory, the vote would be over afterwards, "These days have been to us
and wine all make the proviso that it whelmingly in favor of prohibition and
a new revelation of God." One scene
would not mean the return of the sa the exacting requirements."
is imprinted on my memory. A Japanese
loon. One wonders how many know My own opinion is strengthened by professor told what it meant to him to
that the old saloons were above all else the replies received from quite a num listen to China's explanation—he felt
beer saloons. United States statistics ber of people whom I suspected of be he and his friends must bear some of
show that 86(/c of the business of the ing at least somewhat "moist" if not the blame and they wanted to go back
saloons in former days was beer, 6% really "wet," is that there is a deep and to Japan and bring things to a better
wine, and only 8'/c distilled liquors. quiet public opinion in favor of prohi understanding. Then China rose and
Six out of sixty-eight would favor bition among many who say but little : moved across the room. Reconciliation
the legalization of sale of beer and wine. that there is great need for all possible took place. Had the wall fallen? No.
Two of these are Catholic clergymen publicity concerning the facts as to en but in that room it had fallen—the love
(one being the Bishop) and it is safe forcement in general and the beneficial of Christ had triumphed. Men had
to assume that they fairly represent the results of the law; and that Hawaii learned by his spirit to leap over the
Catholic clergy generally in Hawaii. The needs a law-enforcement act which will wall.
Bishop is bitter against prohibition and take from unwilling and inefficient of Jesus Christ today is able to make
sees no improvement whatever in condi ficers all excuse for their present failure the wall irrelevant. What is Christi
tions, while the priest is opposed to pro to enforce the law. anity for if not to enable us to do the
hibition as a principle but does see de Questionnaire : things men call impossible. Divine
creased drinking and improvement in strength, power working in us, even the
the conditions of the poorer classes. The 1. Were you in favor of prohibition power through Jesus Christ, who is
superintendent of one department of a before the enactment of the i8th peace.
large corporation sees no decrease in Amendment, and has your attitude Do we come down from God's great
drinking, no improvement in general changed any since ? Kindly give, brief hillside sometimes into the world where
conditions, and favors the sale of beer ly, your reasons for any change. walls are and feel our spirits crushed.
and wine provided it would not mean 2. As you observe them, are general our impetus dulled, aware of the social
the return of the saloon ; while the man conditions in Hawaii any better since system with all its taboos, the interna
ager of the same corporation's planta the enactment of prohibition? i. e. on tional system, politics so strong it seems
tion takes exactly the opposite view. the street, in business conditions, social as if one feeble voice is as nothing?
Several of the most emphatic testi ly, morally. All this great system which men have
monies of decrease in drinking, and 3. To what extent, if any, do you built up, how tragic, how cruel, how
general improvement in conditions come think drinking prevails today as com impossible to meet it! , But there are
from men who did not at first favor pared with the days of licensed sale? times in human life when men learn the
prohibition. Thus Governor Farrington If you think drinking has decreased, to secret—the personal secret revealing the
says that at first he did not favor it, what extent do you' estimate the de mystery, which is no mystery to the
later did, and is now more than ever in crease, and upon what do you base your humble word and the childlike spirit
its favor "because of the physical, moral estimate? which gives us power to leap over the
and financial benefits to the people." wall. That is what the church is for—
Another is an old resident and well- 4. What is your observation or ex to give men that power to leap over the
known business man, who says he "was perience as to the effect of prohibition wall, to meet evil not by evil, but by
not keen for it," but is now willing to upon the family life of men who for some greater spirit. These are words
stand on the street corner if necessary merly drank freely? i. e. as to living which have come down to us from old
and tell the world the benefits he sees. conditions, for women and children, bet China (more than 2,000 years ago),
Among them he cites "at least eight ter homes, savings of wages, etc. "Love conquers that which is not love
corners on Nuuanu Street now occupied 5. If the sale of wine and beer could just as water subdues fire." Those,
by stores and factories where there used be legally brought about would you con however, who nowadays practice love
to be saloons." sider such advisable? Why? do it as if with one cupful of water,
62 THE FRIEND March, 1923

they could save a whole wagonful of leper. Love is a relationship—it is not an race antagonisms, your systems—it is
fuel if it were on fire. abstract relationship—between persons right here where we meet men and
There is nothing else that can pos Where love can operate between men women that love of God has got to
sibly meet the world's need—nothing and women, there is the point for God break into the world or it won't break
else that can possibly bring into this to break into society. Talk about your in at all.
world, with its strife, its prejudices,
these great walls—nothing but divine
power, and divine power is love, and
love is divine power—they are not two
Physical Education and Health
Paper Read Before Territorial Social Workers' Conference
things. The one, the supreme power
By Arthur L. Hauck, President Punahou School
that the God who made the universe
manifested in human life, that he show THERE has been so much said and the acquisition of physical defects and
ed in person, was love, forgiveness. written about Physical Education enable him to build up a reserve force
Bearing upon himself the sin and evil since the war that discussion of the of strength and energy. It is more
of the world, his suffering was unlim subject seems out of place at a confer than a system of dumb bell drills and
ited in order that he might win them ence of social workers. However, the the training of professional gymnasts.
hack into the way of right by love. attitude of the public concerning the It is education through the physical ap
necessity for an adequate program of proach. Such a program must include
What we are doing today is living
Physical Education, indicates that there medical inspection and examination
on the outer threshold when we ought
is need for further consideration of this This examination is for the purpose of
to come into the very center. What we important subject. A great deal of pro finding defects that can be remedied
are doing today is drawing a mere cup gress has been made within the last ten The figures revealed by Draft Boards
ful to quench our thirst when there are years in the matter of providing play and the army indicated that a large
quantities of water to meet and over grounds and play facilities for boys proportion of our youths were suffer
come enmity, prejudice, etc., and until and girls. We are a long ways from ing from remedial physical defects.
men rise up and achieve there will never the goal of making it possible to bring Many of them could have been over
be one great family. Christianity will all children in American communities come before the young men reached
never thrive by trying tq do easy things. to their best physical possibilities. maturity, if they had been discovered
Christianity must put its hands to things The term "Physical Education" has in youth. With the medical inspection,
that seem absurdly impossible. David come to have a real meaning. The there is the opportunity to prescribe
was no perfect person, but he learned fact that we speak of Physical Educa the right kind of physical training.
the secret whereby that one weak life tion rather than Physical Training in A program of Physical Education
could be connected with the source of dicates that we have recognized that must include games to develop the
unending power. The secret is abso "body building" has a definite place in larger muscles. Modern life has taken
lutely open to every one of us—there any educational program. It is a rec from us the necessity for many kinds
is not a life that cannot be connected ognition of the fact that the first duty of work that used the larger muscles
with the power of God until it becomes of any sound system of education is to and trunk. With automobiles and oth
strong and can face evil by the mighty make the child a healthy, happy being. er means of rapid transportation, walk
power that was in Jesus when He went Since it is a part of education to de ing is becoming a lost art. So in ad
undefended to face his enemies and met velop a child physically, the school dition to various kinds of mass drills a
them in the hour of greatest trial. There must assume its share of the responsi program of Physical Education includes
is possibility in every single one of our bility in providing a place for physical many games. The games serve anoth
lives for creating. We do not have to education on its program. The stress er useful purpose in the program, for
wait until men have learned to break of other subjects does not lessen this if they have a real interest, they pro
down those walls—some day they will responsibility. It should be considered duce the "athletic habit."
disappear, some day they will become more serious for a child not to know In order to be considered really suc
irrelevant. We can begin now, every how to play ball, run, swim, and jump, cessful any program must have interest
one of us, by living the kind of life than not to know the agricultural pro enough to carry over into adult life.
that makes walls irrelevant, living the ducts of Afghanistan. Educators are There ought to be millions of tennis
kind of life with neighbors, with the beginning to realize that trying to build and golf players and swimmers in the
person in our family who is a perfect a sound mind without a sound body is United States where now there are only
annoyance, by combating temptations, a useless task. The time to build a tens of thousands. For Hawaii swim
all kinds of sarcasm, racial superiority, sound body is during the formative ming is an ideal sport. Boys and g\rb
temptation to erect within our own soul years. One can get a complete liter who enjoy swimming develop symmet
any wall that will cut us off from our ary education after 20, but by that ry of body and a fine posture.
fellowmen. time one's body is fixed. One can't The second requirement of the pro
We only can see God in Jesus in re get a new one. gram of Physical Education is the de
lation to men and women. The light of A Program of Physical Education velopment of health habits. The first
God breaks into the world at point of As It Relates to Health essential here is to develop the right
contact. The glory of the personal light The primary purpose of the program mental attitude towards Physical Edu
is on the page of history—in the con of Physical Education is to give the cation and health. Health is not mere
tact of Jesus with the woman, with the normal child a training that will avoid ly freedom from disease. A body in
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 63

health is a storehouse of physical He Was assigned to the Hawaiian De

strength, and vigor, and reserve. The Re-inforcements on Maui partment in 1921, and was for over a
work that has been accomplished by THE year 1922 witnessed a serious year Chaplain of the Coast Defense
the Nutrition Classes demonstrates what diminution of the working force forces, with his headquarters at Fort
can be done when one develops the on Maui. Rev. George H. De Kay re Ruger, Honolulu. This residence in
right attitude towards building health, signed from Kahului, to become Ex Honolulu gave him valuable prepara
and carries out a program that builds ecutive Secretary of the Anti-Saloon tion for the general missionary work
up reserve physical powers for grow League of Hawaii. Rev. W. A. Tate into which he has now entered. Mr.
ing boys and girls. In stimulating ac completed three years of service at La- and Mrs. Stigers, with their two chil
tion that results in good health, we are haina, and resigned to take over a pas dren, are settled in the Kahului par
more interested in how children live torate in California. For many months sonage, and have already developed the
than in simply telling them how to live. a heavy burden to carry the work was Kahului Sunday School into one of the
placed on the shoulders of Rev. E. E. largest on Maui. Their presence has
The second factor in developing Pleasant, our missionary at Wailuku
health habits is to give children infor greatly strengthened the work in Cen
and Rev. Augustine Jones, pastor of tral Maui.
mation which shall make them intelli
Makawao Union Church. These men Rev. and Mrs. A. H. Gates, secured
gent in their efforts for health. In re nobly kept the work alive and prepared by Mr. Erdman, while on the main
cent years there has been perhaps too
the way for new incumbents. land last fall, arrived in Honolulu early
much trend away from giving any
theoretical knowledge of Physiology. The Hawaiian Board of Missions set in February. After two weeks in Hono
The old Physiology with its long lists its machinery to work to secure men lulu devoted to getting acquainted with
of bones and diseases did not make to fill these vacancies and before the the Board members and plans of work
children intelligent in their efforts for end of December, 1922, it found two and also to the beginning of the studs
health, but some information about men, each well qualified to carry the of the Hawaiian language, they pro
personal and social hygiene is certainly responsibilities of missionary work. ceeded to Lahaina to be missionaries
an essential part of a Physical Educa On December 29th, 1922. Rev. and of the Hawaiian Board for West Maui.
tion and health program. Mrs. E. M. Stigers took up their res Mr. Gates comes of missionary stock
idence at Kahului as missionaries of having been born in India, where his
Physical Training in Hawaii the Board, and in charge of Kahului parents, Rev. and Mrs. Gates, have
What can be done to improve the Union Church. Mr. Stigers is a grad been for years missionaries of the
status of Physical Education in Ha uate of Rochester Theological Semin American Board. Mr. Gates is a grad
waii is the problem in which this con ary, and after a number of years in a uate of Yale University, and Oberlin
ference of social workers is most in pastorate of the Baptist Church, en Theological Seminary, served in France
terested. Since it is said that the pro tered the U. S. Army as a Chaplain. during the war, in the Hospital Corps
gram of the public schools is already
ahead of our finances, one cannot look
to the employment of more physical
<*|F I were compelled to choose just one single line for missionary effort
directors nor the building of gym
nasiums and swimming pools. The * in China, I would select student work in Peking. Rowland Cross is
work in Physical Education which is right in quoting the fact that the student group is small in comparison with
carried on must be carried by the reg other lands and that it is more influential than any country on earth, and
ular teachers in our public schools. It that it is more open at this present minute than any other group of important
is, therefore, of greatest importance men. I see it in every meeting. These boys think like us. They have a
that adequate provision be made for moral passion that can be stirred to enthusiasm. Their patriotism exceeds
playgrounds and gymnasiums at our ours at this moment of weak government. They are not anchored and
Normal Training School. Courses in riveted to their religious systems. At dinner with Chancellor Tsai and
Physical Education must have an im Professor Hu, the two leaders of the Renaissance movement from the
portant place in the school curriculum. Government University, they were critical of Christianity as NOW PRE
If Physical Education has a vital
SENTED, but seemed open to admiration for Christ and never once sug
part in the preparation of teachers, the
gested their classics and temples were good enough for China.
results will be felt all over the Terri
tory. Teachers will realize that body
building is as essential as mind build Peking is the largest and most important student center here with its
ing and will hold up a 100% ideal in 1 8,000 students and faculties of 2,000 all wide open to influence. And
health as they hold a 100% ideal in of all this ripe field the American Board has the richest corner to reap.
other subjects of the curriculum. Cross writes we have 5,700 students in our districts with only 283 Chris
I am sure that all who work with tians at the beginning of the year's work, and additions of 50 baptized and
children believe that a sound physical 80 inquiries through the year. The Bible class is the ideal method. They
preparation is the right of every boy want English and they want the touch with the Bible. They admit they
and girl. must know something of it to be fully informed. There is our chance.
May the day come when every child Better than Paul ever had. All the other lines of work are necessary and
is brought to his best in physical de are rewarding, but this is the Bright Spot in the world today, the biggest
velopment. chance in all our fields."—D. Brewer Eddy.
64 THE FRIEND March, 1923

and comes to Hawaii from the pastor himself to both the Hawaiian and Eng- furniture for school cottages, etc. They
ate of the Congregational Church of light-speaking elements in the commu should be equipped to teach the boy
Scotland, Connecticut. lie is taking nity. general repair work around the home
hold of the work in Lahaina, with an The Hawaiian Board believes it is such as repairing leaky faucets, bell-
intelligent earnestness, which gives greatly favored in having these two wiring, electric light wiring and giving
promise that this field will be well de families so well qualified for work join instruction in fundamental principles of
veloped. Already he has commended the forces of its missionaries. gas engine operation and care and up
keep of automobiles.
Gardening and agricultural work in
Vocational Training in the Territory of Hawaii the grammar schools is universal
throughout the Territory with the ex
By Ken C. Bryan, Territorial Director Industrial Education ception of some few city schools where
VOCATIONAL Training is a very The work being carried on in the ele there is no land available. Practically
. broad term and applies to any mentary schools is divided into twc every rural school throughout the Ter
training which prepares a student for a main groups, that is the primary grade ritory has a school garden, these being
definite occupation. It embraces such 1 to 4 and grammar grades 5 to 8. used in many cases as local experiment
training as is given by the University Work in the primary grades is confined stations where the boys, and girls also,
of Hawaii in its numerous courses such principally to primary handwork, sew are taught the proper methods of fer
as sugar-technology, civil engineering, ing, and nature study or elementary tilization and the value of crops so
home economics, agriculture, etc. The garden work. All of this work in the raised. Many of these pupils have their
Territorial Normal School in its prep primary grades serves as preparation own home gardens and supply their own
aration of teachers for the schools ol for work takeu in the grammar grades, families with fresh vegetables through
the Territory, the Kamehameha schools, and also as a means of holding the out the year. Aside from the vegetable
Hilo Boarding School, Lahainaluna and childrens' interest in the various studies gardens many of the schools are now
the Territorial Trade School, in their of these grades. taking up the growing of crops in
training of boys and girls to take their The work of the grammar grades is larger quantities, such as sugar-cane,
respective places in the industries of the divided into four main groups, kitchen, pineapples, bananas, etc. In several
Territory, the various public and pri sewing, shop and garden : The kitchen schools on the Island of Hawaii where
vate high schools and business schools and sewing work is given to the girls land is available and the plantation man
giving special training to students in of these grades and shop and garden agement favorable, two or three acres
stenography and bookkeeping, the school work is given to the boys. Kitchens have been planted to cane or bananas,
for physical defectives, deaf, dumb, and have been established in almost every brought to maturity and harvested by
blind giving special training to these large school throughout the Territory. the boys of the 7th and 8th grades. This
pupils which will enable them to make There are at present 28 kitchens in the land has been divided into 1/10 acre
useful citizens of themselves also Territory where the girls receive in plots, each boy has a plot and receives
embraces in a sense the work done in struction in the preparation of simple the profits from his 1/10 acre. They
the elementary public schools of the lunches and the pupils of the school re are taught the value of their labor and
Territory, which should truthfully be ceive hot lunches at a cost from 2j^c actual cost of raising the cane, so that
called prevocational work because in to 5c each. Some of these kitchens are they can see the profit which they
many cases these students are compelled serving lunches to as many as 400 chil would be able to derive from taking up
through economic circumstances to gc dren per day. Sewing has been car cultivation contracts of their own on a
to work upon leaving the grammar ried on in the schools of the Territory larger scale. Many of the projects are
school. This work is therefore more or for a great many years, the aim of this carried on under regular contracts from
less vocational in its nature and I am work is to teach girls to make their the local sugar company. They fur
taking the liberty of including the ele own clothing. In many of the schools nish excellent material for practical
mentary schools in the list of schools of the Territory the members of the arithmetic. Many of these boys and
doing vocational work. Further, let me graduating class makes their own grad girls leave school after completing the
say, right here, that when we .think of uation dresses. 8th grade. While they have not had
Vocational Education as it will benefit We have 25 school shops in the gram in any sense a vocational education,
the greatest number of pupils we limit mar schools of the Territory where the they have received training which will
ourselves principally to work with pu boys are taught the use of the ordinary surely be useful to them in their every
pils of elementary school age, since carpenters' tools, and are encouraged to day life.
about &Jc/t of all pupils entering the make articles for use in their own Secondary and special schools aim to
first grade never go beyond the eighth, homes, and in many schools much of give vocational training and to prepare
For the purpose of this discussion 1 the school furniture and practically all students to become useful citizens.
would divide the vocational training in of the furniture for teachers' cottages Lahainaluna School. I believe, was
the Territory into two groups, placing is made in the school shop. The work originally established as a school of re
in the first group schools under the done in these shops will eventually cov ligious instruction for the purpose of
heading pre-vocational training, and ii. er the various lines of manual work preparing ministers for their profession.
the second group special schools, high which any boy ought to know howr to This school and Hilo Boarding School
schools, uinversity, etc., engaged in vo do. They are now well equipped to are the two oldest schools of this na
cational training. instruct the boys in making articles of ture in the Territory of Hawaii and in
March, 1923 THE FRIEND 65

recent years have become really board living in spite of their physical defects.
ing schools where boys receive instruc The various public and private high
tion in agriculture and the various schools and business schools throughout
trades, such as machinists, carpenters
and auto mechanics. A great deal of
the Territory are giving excellent voca
tional instruction in their courses for
Japanese
agricultural work is done in both of
these schools and the boys are given a
very good foundation for becoming ag
business people, stenographers and book
keepers. This vocational activity in the
public high schools will, I am confident,
Bazaar
riculturists if they so desire. include within the next few years strong
The Territorial Normal School is the courses in agriculture. In fact, one of
LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF
one school in the Territory whose aim the public high schools has secured a
man to begin work next September and ORIENTAL GOODS
is purely vocational, its whole aim being
has a large number of students pledged IN THE CITY.
to prepare students as teachers for the
Territorial schools. The Kamehameha to take this agricultural work. j« j» *
School and the Territorial Trade School This I believe covers in a general PHONE 1470. FORT ST.
are both preparing students for defi way, the work which is being done Opposite Catholic Church.
nite vocations. At the Territorial Trade throughout the Territory in the line of
School three distinct courses are of vocational training. I would like to
fered, one for carpenters, one for ma
chinists and one for auto mechanics.
Boys graduating from these schools are
equipped to enter their line of work and
We Are All Working Men and Women
have the foundation necessary to enable
Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
them to become expert mechanics.
yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
The school for the physically defec
labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
tive children ought also to be mentioned finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
since it is giving vocational instruction
special need.
to the deaf, 'dumb and blind children in We will welcome your account.
the Territory and is teaching them an
occupation by which they can earn a
THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.
BRANCHES
LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.

THE WORD THAT

LIVES ^ We convert your rare
YOUR WILL is a contract with
Time, as well as a covenant vase into a Vase Lamp
with your fellow citizens. But to
be irrevocable it must be made in of rare beauty. A wide
accordance with the law of the
land. It is well nigh impossible variety of fascinating
for self-seeking individuals to frus
trate your wishes if they are set silk and parchment shades
down in a proper will.
As a protection for your rightful here especially for that
heirs your will should be drawn
by an attorney at law. Doubtless use.
he will advise you to name a cor
porate executor, rather than an in
dividual, to insure the skilful! ad
ministration of your affairs. The
Trent Trust Company has been
especially successful as executor,
administrator and trustee.

Trent Trust Co ltd

Honolulu
So to serve that we may continue
WW-Dirc\or\d8c(pLTD
THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES' V
to serve 53-65 KIN6 STREET. HONOLULU
66 THE FRIEND March, 1923

point out that the boys

and girls graduating from
any of these schools should
not be considered as hav
ing completed their train
ing. These schools have
merely endeavored to lay
the foundation. I believe
HowABankGrewOutOfA this is stated very clearly
in a recent book on Vo
m G?h?ral Merchandise lious? cational Education by Dr.
Snedden, who states that
the aims of vocational ed
BISHOP & CO., bankers, evolved from the general mer ucation are to train in the
i chandise business of Aldrich & Bishop, conducted by
W. A. Aldrich and Charles R. Bishop for five years prior
habits of industrial relia
bility, and accuracy of
to August 17, 1858, when Mr. Bishop opened the doors of
what is now the oldest bank in Hawaii. From that day
to this they have remained open, including one Sunday
I thought and action, there
by giving the students a
of which more will be said later in this series. Mr. Aid- foundation upon which
I rich did not take an active interest—the actual work being
carried on single-handed by Mr. Bishop. they may learn more quick-
those industrial processes
At this time the whaling industry was at its height,
California was becoming an important market for Hawai that can be taught only by
ian products, and money of all nations circulated freely in the industries themselves.
the Islands. There was need of a place of deposit, and a The aims of vocational
banking system. This need was supplied by Aldrich & training in the Territorial
Bishop to the satisfaction of all concerned.
schools are further to pro
mote a keener interest in
This is the second in a and knowledge of agricul
series of historical ture as applied to condi
sketches of Honolulu
and Hawaii. The next
tions in Hawaii and to
will appear within a give students a fundamen
few days.
tal knowledge of those in
dustrial subjects that will
p be most useful to the
largest number in after
life, and, finally. I think,
most important under pre-
ent social conditions, to
teach a respect for manual
labor.

Information
Incomplete
—Visitors at the First
Frame Building ask. "Why
is it not indicated on the
sign that this was associat
ed with early missionary
life?"
Tiie question is perti
nent and worthy of con
sideration.
 THE FRIEND Mid-Pacific Institute Number

Faculty and Student Body" of Mid-Pacific Institute

A cross section of Hawaii's growing citizenship, studying, working, placing, living together,
with a Christian purpose and a common ideal.

Where mere is no vision 4ie people perish'5

HONOLULU APRIL, 1923 HAWAII

i_
74 THE FRIEND April, 1923

:•;
The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. i The
Dealers in Automobiles and
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
Bank of Bishop & Co., Pierce=Arrow
Machinery Merchants Ltd. Dual Valve Six
Agents for
Packard Motor Car Co. The Oldest Bank in Hawaii
Overland Company
Buick Motor Company Total Assets Over $16,000,000. IT is in traffic that
Chandler Motor Car Co. Save consistently now—
Cleveland
Reap financial independence the flexibility born
Menominee Trucks
United States Tires in the years to come. of ample power is
Mlchelln Tires Start a Savings Account Now
Also Agents for most apparent and
Otis Elevator Company
::: Frlck Co. (Ice Machinery) most grateful.
::: Gray Motor Co.
::: Armstrong Cork Co.
L. C. Smith Co.
It threads the crowd
(Concrete Machinery) ed streets, starting in-
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
Century Electric Co. s t a n 1 1 y, increasing
Knight "All White" Soda Fountain
Company •
Palatine Ins. Co. of London speed at a moment's
Automobile Department of Hartford
Phoenix Assurance Co .of London notice, slowing down
Fire Ins. Co.
Union Gas Engine Co. without touching a
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG gear, springing
BUILDING through a narrowing
Corner King and Bishop streets,
Honolulu. passage, speeding
ahead on a clear road
—effortless, noiseless.
Demonstration by
Japanese appointment.

Bazaar
♦ ♦ * Royal Hawaiian Sales
LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF Co., Ltd.
ORIENTAL GOODS
IN THE CITY.
j* j» Jt
Outing Shoes Dealers

PHONE 1470. FORT ST. Hilo - Honolulu - Wailuku

Opposite Catholic Church.

fa: :r= 3=1 3:

For News-Japan,Japanese El
and Oriental, Read ^jj"
White Buck with Rubber Soles
E. 0. HALL & SON, LTD.
HAVE A FULLY EQUIPPED
$5.00. HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT
ESTABLISHED 1895
including Garland Stoves and
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH
Manufacturer's Ranges, Aluminum Ware, En
suiscvniga
TheNippuJijiCo.yS
1 mo. J 1.00
Y. SOU.
ameled Ware. Kitchen Furnish
6 mo. 5.25 PUBLISHERS
1 year VIM P.O. Pox 1230 Honolulu, T.H.
President t
Editor.
Shoe Store ings, Refrigerators, Garden
Commercial Printing in Photo-Engraving & 1051 Fort St. Tools, Rubber Hose, Etc. Sec
Japanese, English & Chinese Rubber Stamp ond Floor; take the Elevator
rxnftj
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, APRIL, 1923 No. 4

Mid-Pacific Institute and Hawaii

"V Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii

THE private schools of Hawaii for living are very different from ours. Hawaii. With an improved equipment
nearly a century have been a po Their children are citizens by birth but and increased facilities, it is continuing
tent factor in the development of the cannot enter completely into their heri its splendid service.
different peoples of this land. The tage because of their home environment The graduates of Mills School have
missionary fathers recognized the need with their old manners and customs. taken their place quietly in business
of education in their Christianizing pro The closer the contacts between teach life and have met with gratifying suc
gram. Inasmuch as their policy called ers and pupils the quicker will the cess in their chosen lines. Many have
for a change of the whole life of a ideals of citizenship be acquired. returned to China and have risen to
people, they saw that the education had positions of prominence there. Most
to cover everything which went with Mid-Pacific Institute, which unites
under one name and one administration, of the graduates will live in Hawaii
the transformation of a whole nation. •and opportunity is open for them to
Boarding schools, in which the youth Kawaiahao Seminary and Mills School,
is carrying on a splendid work in giv become leaders.
of Hawaii came into close contact with
their teachers and learned from ex ing the young people of all races a Mid-Pacific Institute by surrounding
ample more than from precept, were first-class education combined with a its students with every Christian in
established as one of the means by more practical home life. The girls de fluence is giving them the moral and
which this change was to be made. partment emphasizes the training of religious foundations upon which can
Industrial and agricultural courses were the girls for the duties of motherhood be built strong and useful careers. It
arranged for the boys while the girls and the home. The care of the build is carrying on in an ever enlarging way
were taught all the arts which were ing, cooking, sewing, nursing, work in the program of the missionary fathers
needed in the making and keeping of the laundry, and every phase of domes who gave Flawaii its exceptional pri
a home. tic life are taught and practiced. The vate and public school systems. No
The first schools were established for training of the future mothers is of finer or better opportunity for prepara
Hawaiians but new peoples in increas first importance. For seventy-five years tion for life can be obtained than that
ing numbers have made Hawaii their Kawaiahao Seminary has been gradu which Mid-Pacific and similar Chris
home. They are from lands where the ating young women who have helped in tian boarding schools of Hawaii are
languages, customs, and manners of a great measure to uplift the life of offering the young people.

Kawaiahao Building (Girls' Department of Mid-Pacific Institute)

76 THE FRIEND April, 1923

dry, sewing and mending. No more

Mid-Pacific Institute practical course in home-making and
By John L. Hopwood, President home-keeping could be devised. In or
der to make this part of the school
MID-PACIFIC INSTITUTE owes for a high school course and after due life still more valuable a domestic sci-
its birth to the vision, enthusi consideration the advanced work was <n< e laboratory will be erected this
asm and tireless energy of Francis W. added to the curriculum. The girls summer, where the girls will be given
Damon. With an abiding faith in the asked for the same opportunity and a thorough training in home-cooking.
need of such an institution he per they were given the privilege of at A large proportion of the boys in
sistently and patiently urged its claims tending the school with the boys. This tend to go to college but the school
until others caught his spirit and in year the girls comprise about one- insists that all the work inside and out
1905 the Hawaiian Board of Missions fourth of the high school enrollment side of their building be done by them.
sanctioned it and appointed the first but- with a yearly increase in the num The care of their own rcoms, the set
Board of Managers. Unlike most in ber of girls as compared with the bovs. ting of the tables in the dining-room,
stitutions Mid-Pacific came into life There has been an increasing demand the washing of dishes, the keeping of
full-grown, for it was made up of for high school work with a diminish the lawns, making of roads and walls.
schools which had already made val ing attendance in the grammar grades. the carpentry, painting and electrical
uable contributions to the education of This year the grammar grades of the work around the buildings, are all per
Hawaii's youth—Kawaiahao Seminary girls' school and boys' school were formed by student labor. Many of the
for girls and Mills School for boys. united with most satisfactory results older boys spend their afternoons in
These schools were located in the socially, educationally and financially. caring for the lawns of people living
downtown district, with cramped quar Today Mid-Pacific Institute is co-edu in the vicinity of the school and thus
ters and out-grown buildings, and the cational throughout its entire course. help to meet their expenses. A board
problem of the new Board of Mana ing-school where all of the work is
Inter-Racial Grouping.
gers was to find a suitable location and done by the students is not a school for
Kawaiahao was opened in 1865 as a laziness but a highly developed work-
then to finance the erection of build home-school for Hawaiian girls and
ings. shoP- Christian Purpose
for years continued as such. The com
Location and Buildings. ing of other peoples to the territory Mid-Pacific Institute is unqualifiedly
After months of investigation in all made it necessary to open the doors to Christian. It is the fruitage of mis
the suburbs of Honolulu it was decided children of all races, until at the pres sionary enterprise and cherishes the
to purchase the land in Manoa Valley ent time the Hawaiian and part-Ha legacy which the mission fathers and
known as Wailele. It took a conse waiian group, while the largest num mothers have passed on to it. Even
crated imagination as well as an erically, constitutes about thirty-five possible educational advantage such as
abounding faith to see a campus in the per cent of the total attendance. Mills good teachers, supervised study, small
rock-strewn, kiawe-covered hillside but School came into being through the ef classes, and an uplifting home environ
the founders of this new school had forts of Mr. Damon, who was then Su ment, are afforded its pupils but its
these needful pioneering qualities. At perintendent of Chinese work for the real claim for its right to exist and
the mouth of beautiful Manoa with the Hawaiian Board, to make it possible receive the support of its friends is the
mountains keeping watch at the rear for worthy Chinese boys from the emphasis it places upon Christian char
and Diamond Head in the foreground, country districts to find both a school acter-building. The land, buildings
in one of Hawaii's choice spots, it was and a home. Later Japanese and other and endowment are the gifts of Chris
planned to erect buildings in keeping races were freely admitted and now tian men and women ; the love, vision
with the surroundings. Through the the boys' department of M. P. I. has and faith which gave it birth are Chris
generosity of Mrs. J. B. Atherton and large Chinese and Japanese representa tian ; its purpose and ideals are Chris
Mr. G. N. Wilcox, two large, stone tions with a few Koreans and Filipinos. tian. Many of the students come from
halls were erected, one for each of the These young people of all races meet non-Christian homes and their first in
two departments. These buildings are together with all thought of race con troduction to the life and teachings of
among the most beautiful in Hawaii sciousness and differences entirely for Jesus Christ is received here. All
and fit into the surroundings most gotten. They play, eat, work and study students attend Sunday School and
harmoniously. together under the supervision of Amer Church services in the city churches.
Development. ican teachers. The quarrels of Asia Daily chapel services are held in each
It was something of a task to trans make no differences among these young department while live Christian En
plant two schools to an entirely new Hawaiian-born Americans. deavor and Mission societies give the
location. In the early years they con Work. students ample opportunity for self-
tinued as separate schools under one While every possible effort is made expression Leadership
Roard of Managers. The social, edu to maintain a high standard of class Sixty per cent of the graduates of
cational and practical needs of both room work there is also every effort the High School continue their studies
made a closer working-together neces made to teach the dignity and neces either at the Normal School, the Uni
sary. Both were grammar schools sity of labor. In the girls' department versity of Hawaii or mainland colleges.
pursuing practically the same course of all of the cooking, dishwashing, and This is ample evidence as to the type
study but with different teachers in cleaning of the building is done by the of scholarship developed and as to the
different classrooms. The bovs asked pupils, in addition to their own laun type of graduates sent out. They are
April, 192.3 THE FRIEND 77
all young people of fine mental caliber in grounding their children in the fun The moral and spiritual welfare of the
who are ambitious to procure the best damentals of education and preparing next generation is bound up in the
mental equipment for service. They them for their duties as citizens, but work of our Sunday Schools and Chris
are beginning to return to the islands they cannot, because of legal restric tian Boarding Schools. Out from these
from the colleges in the States and are tions, train them for Christian leader institutions must go thoroughly Chris
entering professional and business life. ship. The ambitious young Orientals, tianized young men and women into
They are going to play an increasingly born in Hawaii, are not following the the various professions and industries,
influential part in the future history of religion of their fathers and mothers into the homes and schools, as well as
Hawaii, and will have valuable contri and but a small proportion of them are into the ministry, to become the centers
butions to make to our civic, industrial being touched by Christianity. Hawaii of Christian influence. "Where there
and religious life. It will mean much is in a fair way to be a land without a is no vision, the people perish" said
to the continuation of the missionary religion unless there are raised up lead the prophet of old, and his words are
tradition and influence that these men ers of the various peoples who will be just as true today. Mid-Pacific Insti
tally-alert young people be definitely big enough to gain the confidences of tute looks upon it as its first task to
and outspokenly Christian. Our public their people and leaven them with the open the eyes of its students to the
schools are doing a big piece of work principles of the gospel of Jesus Christ. (Continued on page 81)

Practical Training in Household Arts

By Mildred L. Smith, Principal Girls' Department, M. P.I.
to do some definite work in cleaning, to actually do the cooking and it is sur
perhaps it is a part of the bath room or prising and pleasing to see the girls de
a portion of the dormitory. velop under this responsibility. Instruc
During her sixth grade experience she tion in the care and use of the kitchen
is given more difficult tasks in the same is very thorough and no girl can finish
department and is expected to help train the seventh grade without having a gen
and to pass on to the new girls the in eral idea of how to prepare and serve a
struction she has already received. meal and how to keep the kitchen or
Greater emphasis is also placed upon derly and clean. The work so rotates
teaching very thorough cleaning in the that each girl has experience in each
various parts of the building. kind of work including the serving at
When she has entered the seventh teachers' tables, which teaches them to
grade she is ready to work in the kitchen serve a small number of people well.
preparing vegetables and helping here When the girls reach the eighth grade
and there in the manifold duties of pre they have a good idea of the work
paring meals for more than one hundred throughout the building. A few are
people. She is given ample opportunity kept in the kitchen during the first sem-

Miss Mildred L. Smith

NEVER have I seen more intensely

practical household training given
than is given to the girls in Kawaiahao
Seminary. Perhaps it would be inter
esting to take two girls as examples, one
a grammar school girl and the other a
high school girl, and show just how they
receive this training.
Let us take first the girl who enters
our fifth grade. Her first acquaintance
with household work comes in the scul
lery. Here she is taught to clear up,
wash and dry dishes properly, to wash
out the tea towels after each meal, to
put dishes away in perfect order, to re
set the table for the next meal and to
sweep the floor. This girl is also taught
to make her bed properly, to care for
her closet and personal belongings and Practical training in the kitchen
7* THE FRIEND April, 1923

ester, at least until the new seventh We are so delighted with the pros of last year's workers as their savings
grade girls are able to do the work. The pects of our new domestic science lab accounts grew. In all they earned $1565.
other girls are given moFe important du oratory. We have had only one large Some girls were able to earn more than
ties about the building and for a time kitchen in which to teach cooking and they actually needed for the school year
are free from the strenuous duties of the with only one set of utensils it has made and so they started real savings accounts
kitchen. Each girl throughout the whole it very difficult and actually impossible in the downtown bank.
group has some definite cleaning to do to give the girls, especially the high With the new laboratory the high
and before they finish grammar school school girls, the practical training they school girls will have very definite train
they have learned how to attack a piece need. They need this training not only ing in cooking and will substitute domes
of work and do it creditably. for the time when they may have homes tic science, which is so essential to them,
Now the harder problem is the girl of their own but for the benefit of their for some other science for which they
who comes to us as Freshman and who work during the summer months. Each
have less use.
has had no practical training in house summer these girls who are trained go
into different homes to assist the house The great satisfaction to us in this
hold work. The first months of her
wives in their work. The remuneration practical training in household arts is
household work are not happy ones be
cause she finds herself handicapped in received is placed to their account in that the girls seem to so thoroughly en
that she does not know how to attack her the students' bank of the school and joy it and are eager and anxious to
work and finds her standard lower than they use it for their personal expenses learn and improve and make use of all
that of the girls who have received this during the following school year. It the knowledge they received while here
training in the grammar school. But it was interesting to note the enthusiasm in school.
is the duty of the other high school
girls to help train her and to show to her
the value of work well done and before
the girl has finished her freshman year
she finds that she has undergone a quite
thorough training at the hands of her
classmates in sweeping, dusting and
cleaning. The practical work in cook
ing can never be made up to her as her
class room work prevents her from be
ing free at the necessary hours. The
work in theory and practice of cooking
will be hers as soon as our new lab
oratory is completed.
I wish all of our leaders could look
in on us on laundry days. To me it is
one of the prettiest sights of our school
life. Forty girls are busy at work at the
forty tubs. Forty other girls are at the
ironing boards and the work done is
worth seeing, for every garment is so
white and so well ironed. Girls come to
us who have never known what it meant
to care for their own clothes and even
before one year has passed they have
learned to wash and iron properly and, What Our Graduates Are Doing
furthermore, to enjoy the doing of it. By John F. Nelson, Principal M. P. I. High School
Each girl in the grammar school has
a regular hour each week for mending JUNE of this year will mark the de dents. The class of 1918 commands the
where, under a teacher's supervision, she cennial of the first graduating class largest number thus far, having 27
is taught how to mend and each girl of M.P.I. High School. It ought to be graduates in its ranks.
enjoys the satisfaction of having done interesting and worth while to note at Of the graduate alumni, 56 graduated
her own washing, ironing and mending. least the trend of what graduates of from the college preparatory course and
Each girl is a member of a regular sew these ten years are doing since they left 46 each from the general and commer
ing class. Their work is intensely prac high school. cial courses; 85, or 57%, of the num
tical and it is very interesting to watch In this time there has been a decided ber have continued their education in
the girls who come in without any growth in the size of the high school. college or normal school. There has
knowledge of sewing, even before the The number of students and teachers been a great variety of colleges selected
year is over, making their own dresses has increased several fold, and with it for entrance. Thirty-six have entered
outside of sewing periods in their own has been a growth in school standards the University of Hawaii, 4 have gone
sewing room, a separate room provided and activities. The first graduating on to the Territorial Normal School, and
for just such work. class was composed of only two stu anywhere from 1 to 6 have entered the
 April, 1923 THE FRIEND 7<)

following mainland schools: Denver, Thirteen are connected with agricul peting with either Punahou nor Ka-
Yale Divinity School, Illinois, Missouri, ture or other industries of the territory, mehameha or the public schools and
Syracuse, Springfield, Northwestern, including 7 chemists, 2 civil engineers, cannot pay the salaries which they pay.
Valparaiso, California, Pacific School 1 field manager, and 1 horticulturist. The sooner we recognize that distin
of Religion, Oregon, Pomona, Washing Five are in religious or social work, guishing characteristic of M. P. I. the
ton, Oberlin, Dickinson, Nebraska, Iowa, including 1 minister and 2 Y. M. C. A. better. If we should suddenly fall heir
Swarthmore, Stanford, Dartmouth, secretaries. to a big sum that would enable us to
North Dakota, Whitman, Chicago, Col Two are dentists, 1 is a pharmacist, get teachers on the same basis with
orado, Southern California, Marietta, 1 is a newspaper man, and 1 is a house the other institutions it would be a
and Lebanon" Valley. For the most part keeper and recently became a proud real calamity. Hence it may prove to
reports of our representatives from this be a distinct God-send that the sugar
mother.
situation has so straitened us that
widely distributed list of colleges have Although only a few of our students we have had to retrench in many di
been very creditable. are Christians when they enter, a large rections and some of the teachers have
Of the 148 graduates of our institu percentage of those who stay all through left and are leaving. This with full
tion: high school become avowedly Chris recognition of the good service most
tians before they leave and all of them,
Four have died. of them have rendered.
undoubtedly, are inspired with Christian
How about the boys and girls? We
Six have given no recent information motives. Exactly how many continue
are glad to record our belief that many
about themselves. in Christian activities after they leave young people have had a flame of de
Fifty-four are now in college or nor the school is not easily determined, but
votion kindled while at the institution
mal school. it is certain that a creditable number of
and many others who have come there
our graduates do maintain an interest in
Seventeen are in business either for with more than a spark of the Divine
Sunday School, Church, and kindred
themselves or with their fathers. fire have not had it quenched as has
works. On a recent visit to one of the
been the case in so many schools and
Forty-four are occupying positions in Japanese Sunday Schools of Honolulu,
colleges in our land. We can make the
various business firms, banks, wholesale for example, three members of the
school a veritable power-house for God.
houses, garages, insurance companies, teaching staff were found to be grad
stores, audit companies, etc. uates of our high school. Another Line.
What of Industrial Training? That
has been an exceedingly difficult line
to hew to. We have made some chips
Hextfing to the Line fly to be sure. We will not begin
By Theodore Richards with apologies, though there is some
thing to be said about the national
WHEN the Mid-Pacific Institute enough to warrant the particular at characteristics of the people we are
started it took over two "going" tention of the M. P. I.
largely dealing with. Take the boys'
institutions and was expected to take Now if you ask "Are you enlisting
department of M. P. I. to begin with.
three. The home school (really a the loyalty and flaming devotion of
Entirely Asiatic in origin most of the
boarding place) which Mr. Okumura your young people to the person and
parents of the boys have been brought
headed, has continued to maintain a programme of Jesus Christ?" Ah, up to the severest toil. This in many
separate identity. there's a line to hew to. Are we do cases has been shared by the boys
Some of the "lines" referred to were ing it? themselves. It would be sheer imper
already set for us in the history of the Before answering unequivocally, it is tinence to teach industry—as a prin
two schools Kawaiahao and Mills. The only fair to us that we have no easy ciple—to most of them, and a work of
former had approximately 50 years of time getting teachers who have any "supererogation." When you come to
successful past when we assumed it such purpose in coming to us. We vocational instruction you have anoth
and Mills though younger had a very have had some of that sort,—all too er matter. Leaving the mere mechan
well defined body of traditions. First few. Many of those who have come ical processes incident to the care of
and foremost it was clearly marked on to us fancied that this point in our buildings and grounds, there was first
the "log" of our enterprise that we "teacher's qualifications" was a matter in the minds of the founders of the
hew to Christian character. That has of form, and general good behavior was institution a dairy farm. We had the
been said so often that it would be a all that was required plus membership land—originally planned to have it—
truism save that the term "Christian" in some church. Of course such lead and there was a market right at hand
is constantly in danger of losing its ership as that could hardly win any for all of our produce. We could use
meaning. It has come to be in this thing for our major demand. How to most of it in the schools.
good-humored age so impatient of de get young men and women teachers We will have to admit a failure
fining its terms, that a Christian is "on fire," that's the burning question. here. Whether it has been the con
one who lives on a plane a shade high "Higher salaries?" Not at all. You stant changing and inexperience of our
er than he who avoids the jail and pays can't buy that sort of zeal. It is not agricultural instructors or the lack of
his debts. It suggests a patent to Re in the market. The only way is to dependability of boy labor, or both of
spectability. That may be a line to ?o to "red-hot" centers and entice lead these factors, we simply could not
hew to for the public school system, ers to a hard job for Christ in a make a paying thing out of it. We
say—but it is certainly not important missionary school which is not com justified ourselves in the expense of
80 THE FRIEND April, 1923

maintaining the dairy for a time with and girls in the same class-rooms. In under other conditions and we lose the
the claim that we needed the produce deed we might have been afraid of it chance of winning leaders for Jesus
and that the milk was good—we "knew had not financial pressure turned us Christ. They will get a high school
all about it," etc. But it kept costing into what has now proved to be a per education (not necessarily a bad thing
us more for our milk, vegetables, etc., fectly natural and economical proced for them, by the way) whether we
than we could get them for in the ure. Now all we need is room to ex provide it or not.
market. Now the dairy is running but pand. Therefore, it seems to many of us
we are not running it. We lease the We formerly did grammar grade that the next great need in the way
farm. work only. At present the trend is of a building is a High School and
Most of the boys are direct descend undoubtedly in the direction of High
Administration Building. IT this were
ants of agricultural laborers. It may School work. There may be many
built it would not only take care of all
be foolish and unreasonable of them— who deplore this. It seems to us that
though perfectly natural—but they are whereas the question is abstractly a class-rooms away from both boys' and
not keen about farming. They are debatable one, as a matter of down girls' dormitories—obviously desirable
passionately eager to get academic right practicability there is only one —but it will release many of the pres
training. We could "lead the horses thing to do. If we want to serve the ent class-rooms and possibly assembly
to water" but we probably "cannot American-born Orientals it is our great rooms for more dormitories. We could
make them drink." What, then, as to privilege to provide the things they take in a great many more students at
agriculture? It looks as though we want on Christian terms. In other a cost comparatively not much greater
would have to continue to lease the words if we do not supply a Christian than at present. They are waiting for
dairy which is not only being run suc boarding school, they will be housed us.
cessfully but yields an income to the
55
school. (We wonder if the tenant is
not incidentally teaching us agriculture From "n"tte Princess of Manoa
and animal husbandry!) By Mrs. F. R. Daj)
Then there is wood-working. That rriHIS description of the valley in earth-folk, and pour down swift gusts
seems to have a better chance. To be -L which our schools lie is so vivid of rain, just to see the people scurry
gin with, selected students under the and true a picture that we must frame to shelter."
supervision of a teacher have been it in our memories for all our students One day Kaha saw a beautiful young
making all the necessary repairs. But to enjoy: chief Mahana, and fell in love with
in addition there seems an encourag "Of all the little valleys that cut him. Discovering this, her mother Hine
ing field for a real industry under the into the mountain range of old Oahu at once carried her away over the
able direction of one of the faculty. on its southern slope, that of Manoa mountains "and for a long time the
It aims to be productive enough not is the most beautiful. It cleaves the little valley of Manoa parched in the
only to pay its way but also to be a very heart of the hills where the peaks tropical sun, and the waterfalls, that
revenue producer. It is doubtless too are highest,—where they are so high had always been so noisy and rollick
early to discuss the details of it here. that the white clouds slip down over ing as they leaped from the rocks,
At the girls' school, Kawaiahao, the their heads and look, for all the world, shrank to tiny streams and almost
industrial feature has been constant like the white ruffled cap of an old- dried up. . . But the other side of
from early days. Not only is most of fashioned grandmother. It is always the great peaks was dark and dreary.
the work of the house done, including cool and fresh, for the wind, tempered Kaha missed the sunshine : she shiv
cooking, but there are practical courses in the shadows of the cliffs, sings ered in the damp mountain shadows
in dressmaking. Of late the girls have through a pass in the mountains, and, and grew listless and sad ....
made fine records working in the sum catching the clouds at rest, whirls them Then one day a wonderful thing hap
mer in various families. They have away out to sea, dropping rain in sud pened ! . . . . She stood a little
been greatly in demand and have taken den showers on the valley. brown earth-maid with scarlet flowers
pride in the money they have brought "It was at the head of this valley that in her long black hair."
back. Now it is proposed to have a long ages ago Hine, spirit of the rain Kaha married the young chief Ma
Domestic Economy building so that clouds, and Kani, her husband, who hana who loved her as truly as she
high school girls can get regular was god of the winds, came to live. loved him. A few years full of happi
courses involving credits applying to They had one child, Kaha, a young ness followed but Kaha had become a
their grade requirements. The build maid whom all the gods loved, and mortal and she died . . . "Hine, spirit
ing has been provided for and is in whom the great and powerful god of the of the rain, and Kani, god of the winds.
process of erection ; an addition to the sea had asked for, to be the wife of still weep and mourn about the spot
present Atherton Hall. his son, Kauhi, prince of the sea. But where their daughter was buried."
Academic Outlook. Kaha was only a happy sprite who And to this day when the rain
Here are undoubtedly new "lines." cared not the least for Kauhi, but who splashes on the sleds of the children of
We no longer hew to some that were loved best of all a swift flight in the Manoa as they speed over the slipperv
originally on the log. To pursue the cloud-chariot of Hine, when, driven by grass slopes, they look up and exclaim
figure a bit, the very "log" is changed. the winds of Kani, it skimmed over the impatiently,—
Take the matter of coeducation, for in shining green earth and far out above "Oh, there comes Hine with her tire
stance. No one foresaw that we would the blue ocean. It was such fun to some tears !"
have a grammar school of both boys spy out the little grass huts of the —Selected by M.D.F
April, 1923 THE FRIEND si

Mid-Pacific Institute
(Continued from page 77)
real and vital things of life, to give
them a vision of a new world, and to
help them realize that the Kingdom of
God will come not through observation
alone but through a vision consecrated
to service. The Outlook
The schorls of Hawaii are over
crowded and our lawmakers are at a
loss to know how to adequately care
for the increasing number of children.
The private schools are helping the
territory to meet this situation by car
ing for a small proportion of this large
number. As long as this condition ex
ists there will be many applicants for
admission to the boarding schools. But
there is a real place for our Christian
Boarding Schools independent of the
number in attendance at the public
schools. The latter have the bovs and
girls for but a few hours a day five
days of the week, and are forced by M. P. I. Hi Y Club.
this fact to confine most of the;r efforts a high school of one thousand stu
to the academic and a few vocational it struggle on in the face of increasing dents in Oklahoma, and for one year
subjects. The territory is to be con obligations and unparalleled oppor was principal of an Indian School. The
gratulated upon the quality of this tunities? : four years he has spent in Kona as a
work in the face of serious handicaps. missionary of the Hawai'an Board have
They cannot from the very nature of Aloha been characterized by a growing work
the case fro beyond what they are now MR. JOHN F. NELSON, who for among the young people of that dis
doing. The private boardine schools. the past ten years has been con trict. His island experience will be
on the other hand, have their pup;ls nected with Mills School, five of which most helpful to him in his new posi
twenty-four hours of the dav. seven he was principal, has resigned to en tion where he will come in contact with
davs of the week, living in the same ter business in Honolulu. Mr. Nelson voting people from all over the terri
building with their teachers, given was brought up in Colorado, grad tory. Mr. Weller will enter upon his
careful supervision in the preparation uated from Colorado College, but has new duties about September first.
of their school work, coming in contact spent all his active life in Hawaii with
with their teachers constantlv outside the exception of two years in the army
of as well as inside the class-room, during the war. During his long term The Springs of Wailele
trained to do the work of the home of service he has shown himself to be Writing of legendary places in Ma-
under expert supervision, and above a most valuable man both as a teacher leaves, whose life is nourished by their
all free from restrictions in the teach and as an executive. With rare tact noa near or on the premises of Mid-
ing of religion. Many parents are com he led his teachers and won their co Pacific Institute, Mrs. Emma Nakuina
ing to realize that book-learning alone operation and good-will. He was a has contributed the following on the
is not enough and desire their children strict disciplinarian but by his sensi Springs of Wailele :
to live in good, clean, wholesome sur ble methods made the boys feel the "Not one, but eight springs come
roundings, with an elevating' env'ron- justice of his decisions in all matters bubbling up under the splendid Api
ment, to be trained in American cus of conduct. The Board of Managers waters. Our schools are fortunate in
toms and habits, and to have the moral accepted his resignation with deep re obtaining this natural treasure. The
and spiritual stimulus and influence of gret and sent Mr. Nelson a letter ex name of the springs is suggestive and
definite religious instruction. Mid-Pa pressing its thanks for his service to we trust prophetic. Wailele, "Leaping
cific Institute has a great opportunity. the school and the students. Water." May the students of the fu
It should be adequately supported, not It gives the Board of Managers ture, gathered near its source, drink as
only to continue its work but to in great pleasure to announce that it has well of that "living water" which is the
crease its capacity. What its future procured Rev. D. M. Weller of Kona soul's inspiration and refreshment.
will be depends upon the friends of to succeed Mr. Nelson. Mr. Weller "The old belief was that these clear,
Christian education. Will they sup had a splendid experience in school bright waters had their origin on the
port it and give it the means to meet work before coming to Hawaii. For heights above the valley, on the west
Hawaii's most pressing need or shall five years he was assistant principal of ern side, at Kakea, and came leaping
82 THE FRIEND April, 1923

down, through underground channels,

to appear again in the Springs of Wai- Financing Mid-Pacific Institute
lele, from which the adjacent lands
By F. C. Atherton, Treasurer
took their name."
WHEN the first Board of Managers ment is about five hundred thousand
of the Mid-Pacific Institute was dollars. Anyone, however, who has had
Christian Education appointed by the Board of the Hawaiian much to do with schools knows that
Evangelical Association in 1905, it was except in private schools where large
(Extract from a Financial Review is with the hope that the Kawaiahao Sem tuitions are charged the students usu
sued by The Bank of Hawaii. (Printed inary, the Mills School, the Japanese ally pay only from one-fourth to one-
with permission.) Christian Boarding School under Rev. half of the cost of their tuition, board
RELIGION, like everything else of T. Okumura, and the Korean Methodist and room. This is the case with the
value, must be taught. It is only Mission School could be combined un schools under the Mid-Pacific Institute,
possible to get more religion in in der one board and the schools merged. as they are conducted so as to give as
dustry and business by developing Not in one building but in one locality good an education as possible to the
Christian education and leadership. and under a definite plan and program children of all races whose parents are
Today we constantly hear of the as a Christian boarding school for the in very moderate circumstances. It is
forces of evil backed by men and young people of all races. the aim of the management to have the
money systematically organized to de living conditions plain and simple. The
The first thing to do was to secure
stroy. We must back, therefore, with total cost, however, of conducting the
a site for the new schools. After long
men and money all campaigns for schools is in the neighborhood of ninety
and careful search the land now occu
Christian education. We are all will thousand dollars per annum. On first
pied in Manoa Valley was secured. This
ing to give our lives and property for thought this might seem very large, but
was paid for by the sale of the old
our country in times of need, yet the when one considers that this covers the
Kawaiahao Seminary premises, the
only fundamental method of combating entire cost of housing, feeding and
lands and buildings occupied by the
the destructive elements in the world teaching some three hundred students,
North Pacific Theological Institute on
today is by Christian education. Am the average cost is really very low. In
Punchbowl Street, and the land on Bere-
erica's greatest enemy is not an attack fact, it only amounts to about three
tania Street formerly occupied by Rev.
from without, but an attack upon our hundred dollars per year per scholar, or
O. P. Emerson, all of these being owned
best institutions from within. Our an average of about six dollars per
by the Hawaiian Board and the Ameri
national ideals, privileges and Consti week. This includes the upkeep of the
can Board of Foreign Missions. With
tution today are not protected primar buildings and grounds as well. Anyone
these funds some thirty-eight acres of
ily by the police force and law of the who has children of his own I think
land were secured in Manoa Valley.
land, but rather by public opinion and would be glad to be able to provide
This has since been added to by gener
the influence of our Christian ideals. them a home and food and furnish them
ous gifts from a friend of the schools,
One man has said that at no time in an education at a cost of six dollars
so that today the total land occupied
our history has Christian education each per week.
by the institute comprises some sixty
been more greatly needed. acres. For many years past the schools have
You can insure your houses, your received annual gifts amounting to from
On May 31, 1907, the first sod was
factories, your automobiles and your four to five thousand dollars from a few
turned for the Kawaiahao building
business in insurance companies against who have been deeply interested in help
which was completed in September,
damage and destruction. But can you ing to provide an adequate, wholesome.
1908, and school was immediately be
insure your country's ideals against Christian education for the young peo
gun. In 1908 work was started on the
Bolshevism, Communism and Anarchy? ple of the various races growing up in
boys' building, this being completed in
The only way to stamp out these dis these islands.
1910, and formally occupied in Novem
eases is by inoculating our community ber of that year. These two buildings However, since the war and the stead v
with confidence germs. These confi were the gifts of two friends of these increase in the cost of all articles, ex
dence germs can only be made and schools who had long been interested in penses have increased greatly in spite
disseminated by the honest, clear-think their progress and development. of careful economy. In addition to this
ing, respectable, thrifty citizens. the income from some investments has
Today the representative man gives At this time the total endowment also decreased. To help meet the in
too much time to his own business, funds amounted to about eight thou creased cost the tuition charges are now
his own family, his own pleasures, and sand dollars, the accumulation of many one hundred and fifty dollars for the
not enough to the common welfare. years of effort. Kawaiahao Seminary grammar school and one hundred and
As a result, highly organized gunning and Mills School, however, had received seventy-five dollars for the high school.
squads have formed whose avowed pur an annuity of twenty-five hundred dol Even at these prices the cost of provid
pose is the destruction of our form of lars and five hundred dollars respec ing this home and eductaion is not half
government and our conception of good tively from the C. R. Bishop Trust and covered, but any higher charges could
morals. If the young men and women this is still continued. not be met by the majority of the par
of this generation are brought up to Since their beginning about ten years ents. The result is that the Board is
believe that the Lord is on the side of ago the schools have prospered and now faced with raising an additional
the heaviest artillery it will not be long have been the recipients of many large eighteen thousand dollars a year to meet
(Continued on next page.) gifts so that today their total endow expenses or else will be forced to cut
April, 1923 THE FRIEND S3

clown materially in the course of in uation to the people of this community boys made it necessary to have special
struction given or in the number of pu they will realize the problem which is language classes in their school-home.
pils admitted. The great importance of facing the Board and be ready and will The crowded condition of the Govern
the school and the class of work which ment schools and the difficulty experi
ing to assist to the best of their ability
it is doing, and the far-reaching influ enced in entering the Chinese boys who
to keep this school up to the standard came from non-English districts soon
ence which it now has, has made all of and doing the splendid work which it made it necessary to teach other branch
those connected with it feel that it would has been doing for the past decade, es. Thus the course of study was in
be most unfortunate and a real calamity (jifts of any sum will be of material creased from time to time until now it
to reduce either the teaching force or assistance and will be most gratefully has become an accredited high school.
the number of the scholars. received. Industrial features were added with
We hope that by presenting this sit the removal of the schools to Manoa.
Mills was always conducted as a mis
sion school, the Bible is given a prom
"Searching For Truth Institute" inent place in its course of study. The
symmetrical development of the spiri
EROM such commonplace incidents as the weeping of Opukahaia on tual, the moral, the intellectual and the
the steps of Yale Chapel and the timid knocking of six Chinese boys physical life of the student is the ob
on the door of Mr. F. W. Damon's home in Honolulu, stirring events com ject kept continually in view and the
parable to the great romances of the world have come. methods used are such as experience
The one brought a Christian civilization to a heathen people; the other has shown to be the most likely to pro
Western educational opportunities to young men and women of Oriental duce the desired results.
ancestry. The faculty is made up of Christian
men and women and one of the most
Hawaii is not alarmed that the voting citizen of tomorrow has the blood
potent factors in the religious educa
of the East in his veins, but she is concerned that the type of citizenship shall
tion of the students is the constant
be high. The next hundred years shall both prove the need and furnish the association with those whose mission
justification for the education of these young people. The private schools of ary zeal has led them to become identi
Hawaii provide a very essential part of this education in furnishing a Chris fied with the work.
tian background for their training.
Both because of a natural reticence, and her closeness to the story, Mrs.
Damon has omitted from the history of Mills School much that should be Ckristian Education
(Continued from previous page.)
told. Between the lines, however, one is able to read of a personality and a
before he will be, because what the
Christian home touch, both of which gave to the school at its inception a majority of people are educated to be
power which has remained through the years. lieve is right and wrong comes to be
accepted as the criterion by which all
Hy Mary Happer Damon Thiis home-schjool was -originally acts are judged. In other words, pub
known as Mills School, to be later lic opinion is easily swayed and can
Eager for the educational advantages changed to Mills Institute and more re
of Honolulu, six Chinese boys came be molded by nearly any type of edu
cently to Mid-Pacific Institute. It took cation or campaign that is being offered
from the rural districts and besought its name from Samuel J. Mills, one of
Mr. Damon to provide a home school to them at the time. It is therefore
the founders of the American Board up to all those who want to see their
for them. This was in the fall of 1892 for Foreign Missions, and his neice,
and before the end of the year a total fellow man receive the right kind of
Mrs. Julia Mills Damon, Mr. Damon's
of fifteen boys were receiving daily in education to help contribute the right
mother. Among the Chinese the school
struction in our home on Chaplain propaganda.
has for many years been known as the
Lane. A room over the barn was fitted Roger W. Babson, the editor of Bab-
"Chum Chun Shu Shat," "The Search son's Statistical Organization, has re
up for them. This was a picturesque ing for Truth Institute."
commentary here in the Pacific on the marked a number of times that now
The first of the two buildings was
haystack incident which had resulted is the time to increase our subscrip
named "Morrison Hall" after Robert
in the formation of the American Board tions to schools, colleges, charitable
Morrison, pioneer missionary to China.
by Samuel J. Mills and his associates. organizations and organizations that
The second, and principal school teach and train young men and women
During the year following the build building, was named Montague Hall, in unable to pay for their own education.
ing was greatly enlarged to accommo memory of Mrs. Julia Montague Cooke, The good people hardly ever go to
date others who applied for admission. whose children contributed largely to the polls, especially if it is raining,
Three years later a lot next our place ward the building. whereas the paid hirelings of a crooked
was leased, and on it another large airy The original object of Mills School political organization are. always on
building was erected, providing room was to provide a Christian home-school hand and very frequently vote twice.
for seventy boys. In the year that in Honolulu for Oriental boys coming The only way to make people see
followed these buildings were well filled from the isolated districts of the isl things is to educate them.
with ambitious, worthy boys, over four ands. As the Government Schools are Bona fide Christian education seems
hundred coming under the influence of conducted solely in English, and right to be losing ground. When real Chris
the school and its home life. ly so, the peculiar needs of the Chinese tian education is spoken of it does not
84 THE FRIEND April, 1923

mean fanatical devotion to overdevel

oped and unimportant ritual ceremo
nies—it means education in the funda
mentals of Christianity which have to
do with integrity in business relations,
conscientious service to your commu
nity, assuming your share of civic
responsibility, genuine participation in
social community work and boldly
standing and fighting, if necessary, for
the spirit and laws which are incor
porated in the Constitution of the
United States.

Former Students Plan

Memorial
WRITING to Mrs. Francis W. Da
mon, former students of Mills
School, now occupying positions of
trust and honor in China, have ex-
pressea a desire to erect a memorial to
Mr. Damon which shall fittingly ex
press their appreciation of what the
school and its founder did for them.
Mrs. Damon is in correspondence Montague Hall
with the Committee in China and at have done in uplifting the standards "The old Mills Institute boys com
her suggestion the idea of a statue of not only in the living, but also in the posing the committee are :
Mr. Damon which originated in China morals of all those who have come into "Tien Tai, Ching, former managing
may be changed to meet a very real contact with both of you. director of the Provincial Bank of
need in the way of building equipment. Kwantung.
The glowing letter, conveying word "Ever since I left Mills Institute, it
"Bing Tin, Loo, principal of Nan-
of the memorial plans to Mrs. Damon, was my ambition to commemorate Mr.
yang College.
proves that these men have never for Damon with some kind of fitting re "Fen Jen, Yoen, asistant purchasing
gotten the splendid influence of their membrance for his entire unselfish life manager of the Hanyehping Iron &
well loved friend and teacher. spent for the benefit of the Chinese of Coal Co.
Hundreds of Chinese youths now in Honolulu, or rather of Hawaii, and I "Hon Yen, Ching, delegate to the
China were trained at the school of am happy to inform you that some of tariff revision in Shanghai.
which he was founder, and always ac the old Mills Institute boys here in "Yue Ching, chief accountant of the
tive head. All of these are contribu- Shanghai have pledged themselves with Industrial & Commercial Bank, Shang-
ing to the memorial fund which is said me to raise a subscription for a mem "In Young, general manager of the
to now amount to $40,000 gold. orial to Mr. Damon. China Union Co., Ltd., Shanghai."
Extracts of the letter to Mrs. Damon
which is signed by Young In, a former waiahao. The old names have been
student are :
Historic Names Preserved found inadequate to meet this new sit
"Indeed, anyone alter being under in Buildings uation and the Board of Managers has
the fatherly and motherly care of our WHEN Mid-Pacific Institute was been considering for some time the
beloved F. W. Damon and your good organized by Mr. F. W. Damon, advisability of making a change. At
self can never forget the good old it was decided to continue the names a recent meeting the Board of Mana
school days at Mills Institute. I, for of its constituent parts, Mills School gers unanimously voted to make the
one, and hundreds of other boys, feel and Kawaiahao Seminary. For sev following names the official titles of
not only grateful, but proud of the eral years this plan was satisfactory the school and its departments : The
good training we have had there. but with the development of new poli Mid-Pacific Institute is the name which
In Boyhood Days cies it became more and more confus will cover the total work—educational
''At the time we were boys, we ing and unwieldly. With the new co and business, the high school will be
thought the rules and regulations pro educational policy which went into ef known as Mid-Pacific High School, the
mulgated by our beloved teachers rath fect this year in the grammar grades grammar school as Mid-Pacific Gram
er strict, but as we grow older, after as well as in the high school the old mar School. In order to continue the
having tasted bitter lessons in life, we names became misleading. Under the names which have so endeared them
value the ideas of Mr. Damon more and new educational system the older girls selves to hundreds of men and women
more. I do not know a single Chinese live at Kawaiahao but take their class in Hawaii the boys' building will be
who has not a good word for the valu room work at Mills, while the younger known as Mills Building and the girls'
able work which Mr. Damon and you bovs live at Mills but recite at Ka- building as Kawaiahao Building.
April, 1923 THE FRIEND 85
Christine Paulding, Katheryn McLeod.
Trie Stop? of Kawaiahao Mabel Bosher and others. The longest
term of service of these was that of
By W. R. Castle
Miss Bosher, seven years. It was dur
THE older of the two schools which soon resounded with the happy voices of ing her term, at the beginning, in 1907,
now comprise Mid-Pacific Insti school girls, while the upper floor was that Kawaiahao Seminary became an in
tute bears a name which was attached later used as a dormitory. This his tegral part of the Mid-Pacific Institute.
when the school was located at Kawaia- toric old building, where the Bible was The largest number of pupils appears
hao in town. first printed in Hawaiian, continued in to have been in 1889 when 144 names
Kawaiahao Seminary had its begin use as* a part of the plant of Kawaiahao appear on the rolls, under Miss Helen A.
nings soon after the Civil War in the Seminary until 1888, when it was taken Pepoon. Since that time, with the ex
United States. It might be claimed that down to make way for the fine and ception of three or four years, the at
the real beginning was when Rev. Dr. commodious structure then erected for tendance has averaged over a hundred
Gulick and wife first occupied the Clark the Seminary. per annum. While originally the person
house, and on March 6, 1865, opened a nel of pupils was almost wholly con
Miss Bingham left the school in 1873,
family school for girls. At any rate fined to those of Hawaiian blood and de
upon her marriage to Rev. Titus Coan
this school was merged in Kawaiahao scent, there has never been any rule,
of Hilo. She became principal in 1867,
Seminary when Miss Lydia Bingham finding a mere aggregation of girls, a and girls of all nationalities were wel
in 1867 opened its doors as principal. comed and made to feel that they were
dozen more or less in number. She left
After the Hawaiian Mission Chil wanted. In these later years, including
a well organized and efficient seminary
dren's Society ceased its support of a those of mixed nationalities, there have
six years later, with between forty and
missionary in Micronesia, on account been at times representatives of twenty
fifty pupils. It may be truthfully said
of the withdrawal of Rev. Dr. Gulick, to thirty nations, mostly of those sur
that Kawaiahao Seminary is the child
the question arose as to an appropriate rounding and including the Pacific
of Miss Lydia Bingham, the patient,
object for its energies. Following ani Ocean. The rates have nearly always
faithful and loving missionary.
mated discussions, it was decided that been something under the actual cost of
the establishment and maintenance of She was followed by her sister, Miss maintenance, so that expense has never
a female boarding school in Honolulu Lizzie Bingham, who, including lapses barred out any who earnestly desired an
furnished the most desirable outlet for of two years caused by ill health, dur education. Many girls pay a part of
its work and contributions. In 1865 ing which assistants conducted the their expenses by working.
$450 was voted for the salary of a school, was principal for nearly seven The grounds originally occupied by
"teacher for a boarding and day school." years. Miss Norton followed her for the Seminary consisted of the Clark
No such teacher was obtainable, and three years, during which time the at premises, which excluded the old print
out of this appropriation $125 was paid tendance grew to about ninety. Among ing office and half of the bindery, and
to Dr. Gulick "for the support of chil the principals who followed, we observe the so-called pasture mauka of the Cas
dren of Hawaiian missionaries in his the names of the Misses Alexander, Ida tle homestead. The "pasture" was dis
boarding school." In 1866 the Society Pope who left to assume the principal- connected by Printer's Lane from the
voted that "we offer Miss Lydia K. ship of the Kamehameha Girls' School ; other premises. It was not only incon
Bingham $450 per year as teacher," etc.
She accepted and arrived with the Sec
ond Morning Star, Capt. H. Bingham.
March 13, 1867, taking up her work at
once as a teacher in Dr. Gulick's family
boarding school for girls. A room was
fitted and prepared for her in the old
"Mission Bindery," where much of the
old Mission book binding was done.
Some may remember the old two-story
building which stood, one end on Print
er^ Lane, the other end just in front,
toward King Street, of the present S. E.
end of our beautiful Mission Memorial
Building.
In July, 1867, Miss Bingham became
principal of "Kawaiahao Seminary,"
which was then formally established
In the Clark premises, the Gulick's very
kindly moving out to permit the school
to occupy the whole place. One of the
first developments was putting to use
the old Mission Printing House which
had stood silent and deserted for many
vears. The basement and first floor Pathfinders' Literary Society M. P. I.
86 THE FRIEND April, 1923

venient but discipline was the harder to House" were torn down, and the im tional institutions of Hawaii and has the
maintain. proved and reconstructed Kawaiahao respect and confidence of the public.
In 1868 Miss Kate Atherton, always Seminary was thus opened to full view
an energetic friend of Kawaiahao, raised from King Street.
$1,951 by subscription among friends In 1907 Kawaiahao Seminary became REAL EDUCATION
for the better education of Hawaiian a part of the newly formed "Mid-Pacific The education which is truly educa
girls, and the Clark homestead was pur Institute" and Mrs. J. B. Atherton, as tion is not that which communicates
chased for the school. a memorial to her husband, who had knowledge or power, but that which
In 1870, on petition of adjoining own been the indefatigable chairman of the quickens intellectual, moral, spiritual
ers, Printer's Lane was closed from Trustees .and the never-failing "friend in life; not that which arms the vigor of
King Street to the north corner of the need" of the school till his death, erected self-interest, but that which calls out
Clark lot ; the portion of the closed lane the splewdid Atherton Hall on the Mid- devotion to social duties ; not that
adjoining the east side, including the Pacific grounds in Manoa. In 1908 which concentrates our efforts on what
entrance to the "Pasture," was added to Kawaiahao Seminary removed thither. we can gain for ourselves, but that
the Seminary lot. A few years later Mr. The buildings in town were sold and the which directs us to joys which grow
S. N. Castle bought the William Gulick proceeds used in fittings for the new
greater as they are shared by more ;
homestead, including the lane to King home, while the ground was sold and
which enables us, in a word, to take
Street; a new division line was effected the price was used in the purchase of
possession of the wealth for which we
with S. C. Allen, running straight from lands for the location of the Mid-Pa
were made as men, to gain the vision
King to Printer's Lane, and the part S. cific with all of its activities.
of God, to hold converse with our
K. of the line was then presented to the Nothing has been said of the course of Father in Heaven—Bishop Westcott.
Seminary, greatly enlarging the instruction given at this seminary. An
grounds. Still later Kolomoku Pahau extended discussion of this important
consented to the sale of a strip on the subject is not practicable in the limited
south corner of his lot, which was given space of a newspaper article. But, in "\Y7 E believe that, perhaps above
to the Seminary by the purchaser, thus general, it may be summarized as fur »V all else, the message of Ha
adding a much needed space for various nishing a complete elementary school waii to the wide world is that equal
necessary buildings and enlarging the course, including music, both vocal and opportunity should be given to all and
connection with the Pasture. The fence instrumental, sewing and training in that the "yellow peril" and all similar
on the S. E. side was moved to the edge household arts. At one time, many years perils are most successfully met and
of Printer's Lane quite early, thus en ago, the subject of advanced school vanquished by the spirit of love and
closing the whole of the "Printing Of training was discussed, but it was post
justice. To an honorable place in
fice" and the remainder of the "Bind poned as not then opportune. At the
present time, if any of the girls desire this practical translation into daily
ery."
further educational advantages they are life of the gospel of good will to all
The story of the building campaign is
cordially welcomed in the High School men the Mid-Pacific Institute would
also one of deep interest. As intimated
above, the basement of the printing department of Mills Institute. seem to have a legitimate call and thh
office was first used in 1867 by Miss For Kawaiahao Seminary the future alone would justify and establish its
Bingham and within a year the two holds great promise. It occupies a reason of being."—Francis W. Da
upper floors were fitted up and became splendid and unique place in the educa mon, in 1907.
an important part of the plant. The
Hawaiian Government made a "special
grant in aid" of this work of $1,000. In
1870 a new dining room and kitchen
were added to the Clark house, which
was enlarged and rendered more useful
in 1879. In 1881-2, by the aid of friends
and a Government grant of $2,000,
"Sage Hall" was built and a laundry
and other conveniences were added soon
after in the rear. Still the call was for
more new buildings. There were added
to Sage Hall in 1885, the tine "Pauahi
1 [all," and the bindery was leveled in
that year. In 1888 "W. H. Rice Hall"
was built as a memorial to her husband
by his widow, the beloved "Mother
Rice." The three halls were united in
one fine building, which completed the
school plant in Kawaiahao, with the ex
ception of some minor additions from
time to time. In that year also the old
"Printing Office" and the "Clark
April, 1923 THE FRIEND 87

attention to one of the most notable

Chinese Citizenship in Hawaii features of our National life by point
ing out the fact that the Union, with
Written several years ago by Dr. filling its manifest destiny ; that of its many self-governing communities
Doremus Scudder the following article creating for the young oriental youth living under different local laws and
on "Chinese Citizenship in Hawaii," is the opportunities for a Christian edu widely variant conditions, necessarily
as pertinent as when it appeared in cation in an atmosphere of democracy, constitutes the most extended and fa
the pages of "The Outlook." Accumu of friendliness and high ideals. It is in
vorable field in the world for social and
lative testimony regarding the oriental these elements that faith in the worthy political experimentation. As a conse
in Hawaii might be given, but a more citizenship of our young Oriental- quence, dogmatic assertions and ipse
satisfactory composite would be diffi Americans is rooted. dixits are apt to fare badly, for what
cult to find. The relation of the article is taken for granted in one section may
to Mid-Pacific Institute lies in the fact EARS ago Mr. Bryce, in his
that this institution is satisfactorily ful Y "American Commonwealth" drew
elsewhere have been submitted to a
concrete test with a result flatly contra
dictory to the vaunted opinion. A case
much in point is that of the widely pre
vailing sentiment against the Chinese
immigrant laborer in the United States.
Throughout the mainland a mental
image of this type of Chinaman has
been formed, and has become such a
fixture in the make-up of many Ameri
cans that it will require almost an in-
tellectural cataclysm to destroy it. Like
the man made to pass before a concave
mirror, the Chinaman among us has
been forced into a situation where he is
compelled to look as he does, and then
we triumphantly exclaim, "See what a
squat, flattened-out caricature of hu
manity the poor creature is!"
An editorial in The Outlook of April
23, 1904 gave the following excellent
picture of this conception of the Celes
tial : "It is said in defense of our po
litical antagonism to the Chinaman,
that he is not a genuine immigrant;
that he does not settle down to make a
home; that he never does make and
never can make an American citizen ;
that he despises our customs and man
ners and maintains his own ; that he is
clannish, and insists on living in com
munities of other Chinamen; that hi-;
sole object is to make enough money to
get back to China, there to live in com
parative affluence; that he is incapable
of learning either to speak or think in
English,—in other words that he is
not a human being, as Americans count
human beings."
Meantime, with the growth of this
sweeping deduction in the minds of
continental Amercians, far out in the
Mid-Pacific an experiment has been
conducted under totally different be
cause more nearly normal conditions.
Rolla K. Thorns One of the commonest experiences in
John F. Nelson Hawaii is to hear a mainland American
SKRITMY m. TMTOK exclaim, "Your Chinese are a totally
different class from ours on the Coast."
Exactly, but why different? Not be
cause they came from other provinces
88 THE FRIEND April, 1923

of the Celestial Empire, nor because machinery designed to make him a land as early as 1802, brought over at the
they are representatives of a different holder; the broad West invites him at instance of the most enlightened mon
social status. The so-called "low-down mere nominal cost to take up an estate arch these islands ever knew, Kameha-
Cantonese" and "riffraff of Hongkong" outrivaling in extent and richness the meha the Great. Up to 1852 very few
—as a matter of fact a very large pro holdings of scores of petty lordlings in drifted hither, but then the demands
portion were poor, honest farm folk— his native country. Finally, no unscal of the sugar industry began to be felt,
came to Hawaii as contract laborers, able social walls bar his progress ; if and the Chinese were introduced in
just as they flocked to California, pre not his children, his grandchildren free respectable numbers as plantation la
cisely the same sort of people, in many ly enter the most exclusive family cir borers. Two sets of statistics of Chi
cases relatives and friends, some stay cles through the closely guarded gate nese immigration were kept in two gov
ing here, others going on to the Ameri of marriage. ernment departments. There is quite
can mainland. The only difference is In the case of the Chinese all is a discrepancy between them. The larg
that Hawaii gave the Chinese a fair changed. His welcome is jeers and er totals are probably the more cor
chance, while America did not. On the stones. I well recall a scene often en rect and are therefore selected. These
one hand, freedom to be himself and acted before my eyes in San Francisco show for ten year periods, up to the
to develop naturally; on the other re during the latter sixties, when I was a year of annexation, 1898, arrivals of
pression and cruelty, spell out the con child. Oriental steamer day frequently Chinese in the islands as follows :
trast. came on Sunday, and the Chinese im 1852-1861 674
This Mid-Pacific Territory has a defi migrants were carted in open express 1862-1871 1,629
nite and most valuable contribution to wagons through the very center of the 1872-1881 14,867
make to the Mainland in the shape of city to Chinatown. Regardless of the 1882-1891 18,723
a correct estimate of this man from peaceful nature of the day, kept far 1892-1898 19,837
eastern Asia. Take up the points in better than now, knots of boys and Total : .55,730
the anti-Chinese indictment quoted young men gathered on the street cor
Of this sum total the Chinese Consul
above, and what has Hawaii to say ners to revile the newcomers with
estimates that 30,000 represents the
concerning them? oaths, while they compelled the wagons
number of separate immigrants ; those
A fair answer to this question must to run a gauntlet of flying missiles,
coming a second or third time, travel
take cognizance of the fact that two which prophesied the sort of treatment
ers, etc., making up the rest. This
classes of immigrants come to the every Celestial might expect in free
seems an underestimate. Comparing
United States; first, those who seek America. Only the other day in Phila
the various data available, probably the
this country with the definite purpose delphia, the City of Brotherly Love, a
figure 40,000 for the total Chinese im
of settling here and becoming citizens ; cultured Chinese gentleman, long resi
migration to Hawaii would not be far
second, those who desire to better dent there, informed a lady, who ex
out of the way.
their condition, and after acquiring a pressed surprise because his wife and
These men were brought here to
competence to return to their native daughter remained too closely at home,
work in the fields, were expected to go
land. Many of the latter carry out that he did not dare allow them upon
back to China, at times the agreement
their intention, and constitute for the streets, fearing not only insult but
stipulated their return in three years,
America a very useful element, tending even violence.
and no inducements whatever were held
to bring our nation into ever closer re As soon as the Chinese had resided out to them to identify themselves with
lations with foreign countries, and to long enough in the country to learn to the country. They were, however,
introduce our products to over-sea mar iove it and desire citizenship, the right treated with uniform kindness and jus
kets. Probably, however, a very large was denied them. No effort is made to tice, were allowed to acquire land, and
proportion of this second class fall in induce them to become landowners, and were subjected to no social ostracism,
love with our institutions, become root as for the social realm, ostracism is so enjoyed the privilege of intermarriage
ed here, and never return. much a matter of course that no one on the same terms as all other foreign
The Chinese belongs under this sec dreams of any other possible treatment. ers, and were permitted to become citi
ond head ; he comes intending to go If the Chinese is not a genuine immi zens. As a consequence, the Chinaman
back to China. Other things being grant whose fault is it? in Hawaii blossomed out remarkably in
equal, it should be expected that, owing Hawaii's answer is, "certainly not the the role of a man of the world. Though
to the greater difference between his Chinaman's." First of all, the Chinese not encouraged to settle, he did oc
civilization and ours, it would require never encountered stones and oaths casionally take up land. By 1901 no
longer time for him to realize the full from the Hawaiians. He began coming less than 1,115 Chinese in the Territory
attractiveness of life in America than
for Europeans. But, unfortunately for I T IS a fact of no little importance that in the Territory of Hawaii, in the
the purposes of our problem, other *■ midst of the great Pacific Ocean, two thousand miles distant from the
things are not equal. The immigrant
from Europe meets first of all a wel continent of America, is being solved one of the most interesting educational
come. An open door awaits him. In problems to be found anywhere in the world. Here in our public and
the second place, the right of citizen private schools are gathered with the children of the aboriginal race representa
ship is freely accorded him ; nay, for tives of a number of different nationalities, a fine youthful democracy, which,
the sake of his vote this sacred privi though itself unconscious of the fact, offers some valuable data, not alone to
lege is often pressed upon him. Fur the professional educator, but to all thoughtful men and women—F. W. Da
thermore, lie finds here an elaborate mon in the New York Independent, 1907.
April, 1923 THE FRIEND 89
were paying taxes on real estate to the every state of the union all he needs
assessed value of $1,320,084, while 12,- is half a chance.
926 tax payers of this race were rated Does He Settle Down to Make a
as owning personal property to the Home?
amount of $3,287,802. One Chinaman The national census of 1900 showed
has acquired some 3,000 acres of land the total Chinese population of this
in these islands, where real estate is Territory to be 25,762, living in 3,247
notoriously owned or controlled by a homes, of which 393, or 12 per cent,
few men and a handful of large vested were owned. The aggregate of homes
interested. for Caucasians was 6,482, with 1,840,
or 28 per cent, owned. Place this
During the monarchy no less than showing beside that made by other im
752 Chinese became naturalized in Ha migrating peoples in many mainland
waii and today there are three hundred
cities, and the Chinaman shines by hap
voters of this race. (In 1923 there are
py contrast. It would be a pleasure to
1499 registered voters of Chinese an
conduct the average honest opponent of
cestry. Ed.)
Chinese immigration to some of these
From July 1, 18%, up to August 31, homes which are scattered all over the
1905,—the only period for which ac islands, point out the evidence of civi
curate statistics were available 524 mar lized tastes therein displayed, recall the
riages were recorded in which a person fact that the owner came here as a la
of Chinese blood formed one of the borer, and then ask him to compare
contracting parties. Only in 195 of what he sees with much that he can Francis W. Damon, of beloved memory
these, 27 per cent, were both groom and recall of Greek, Armenian, Polish and
sibility. No immigrant does this. Visit
bride of this race ; 193 were recorded Italian homes elsewhere in the United
Little Italy, Little Russia and all the
as having married Hawaiians. Inter States. A few Chinese dwellings in other little foreign countries in New
marriages also took place between Chi Honolulu are among the best in the York City. Everywhere the immigrant,
nese men and Porto Rican, Portuguese, city. Hawaii's experience is that the entirely apart from language, finds it
Japanese, Greek and half-white women, Chinaman is a remarkable home maker.
hard if not impossible to conceal his
part Chinese marrying Americans, It is because of this fact, and also be nationality, however ardently he may
Scotch, Germans, Spanish and English. cause they are such kind husbands and
strive to Americanize himself. In few
Some of our best families have thus good providers, that so many Hawaiian
cases doubtless does the thought of
come to possess a strain of Chinese women have been glad to intermarry
making himself over again into an
blood. Our Chinese-American citizens, with Chinamen. American ever occur to him. But with
whether of pure or mixed stock, are Does The Chinaman Despise Our Cus his child it is different. The new en
as proud of their country and exercise toms and Manners and Maintain His
vironment makes an American out of
their franchise with as great conscious Own? him whether he will or not. Now, the
ness as the descendant of Pilgrim To ask that a newcomer from a for glory of the Chinaman is his stability
Father or Virginian Cavalier. Hawaii's eign country lay aside all his inherited of nature. It is some day bound to
experience demonstrates beyond ques and acquired habits and customs as place him very near the head of the
tion that the Chinaman is a genuine soon as he enters the United States as human race. The great difference in
immigrant. To make this evident in an immigrant is demanding an impos- custom existing between him and us
emphasizes his adherence to what he
has been taught. Still, he changes.
The first generation does learn, on oc
casions ever growing more frequent, to
substitute trousers and shirt for the
shapeless bag clothing of China. Way
back in the sixties in California, beaver
hat and Prince Albert coat were donned
on Sunday by my father's Chinese cook.
To declare the Chinaman despises our
customs because, forsooth, he cannot
at once comfortably adopt them, im
plies a claim to insight generally sup
posed to be confined to the Divine
Being. The truth is, he docs not des
pise them. Give him time, treat him
rightly, and he gently changes into
something suggesting the American.
His boy and girl, like the children of
all foreigners among us, leap the fence
Used in 1867 as the first school building of Kawaiahao Seminary, this coral
structure was originally the old mission printing house. It stood on the
at a bound and become among the most
present site of the Mission Memorial building. ardent lovers of Old Glory and the
90 THE FRIEND April, 1923

nattiest wearers of tailor-made goods

that we have.
America has heard much of the fear
ful vices propagated by the Man from
Asia. It were well if she should re
alize that many of her own sons in the
Orient have proved more virulent
plague-spots there than Chinese will
ever become in our country. It is not
the man who differs most from us in
habits that we need to fear as much as
he who is nearest like us. All the re
forming forces of our civilization cen
ter upon those who strike us as most
foreign, and as a result they change,
not we.
At the reception given in the Chinese
Consulate here to Prince Pu Lun on
the latter's way to St. Louis last year,
a bevy of young Chinese ladies, speak
ing pure English and dressed in fault
less American costume, served the
guests with all the grace possible to
their Anglo-Saxon sisters. Some time
ago Honolulu's leading daily contained
the following advertisement.
Notice
My wife, Chun Ah Fung, having left All Pacific races are represented in the Girls' Department of Mid-Pacific
Institute.
my bed and board, I will not be respon
sible for debts contracted by her in my this, and the employment in China it In the face of Hawaii's experience and
name. self of that most Anglo-Saxon social America's compulsion this plea is the
Sig. Mark Kui weapon, the boycott, we are told that weakest of all. The Chinese is the
Honolulu, April 1, 1904. the Chinese "despises our customs and most law-abiding immigrant we have.
The wife as well as the husband in this manners and maintains his own. Why, Make him understand the regulations,
notice is Chinese. Honolulu's crack if this be true, do all sorts of con let him know that it must be obeyed,
short distance sprinter is En Sue, a venient Yankee notions penetrate into enforce it justly, and he is predisposed
full-blooded Chinese, born here a citi the Western confines of the Celestial to carry it out both in its letter and its
zen of the Union. Empire and find ready sale? Why, too. spirit. All the insanitary crimes against
Our Mills Institute for Chinese young does every returning Chinaman carry this long-suffering people on American
men boasts its football and baseball with him demands which only Ameri soil are in the last analysis chargeable
teams, every member a Celestial. Its can goods can satisfy, and so teach his to the careless news, neglect or worse
literary society has given with great people these new needs that a goodly vices of our own authorities. As a
eclat, before crowded houses, "Shake sized national commerce has sprung matter of fact, outside of living near
speare's Midsummer Night's Dream" from this one series of phenomena? one another for convenience and safety,
and an English version of the classic Like so many places, there is nothing the Chinese is a most daring and ad
Chinese drama "The Sorrows of Han." in this specious argument when care venturesome emigrant. He will go any
Its glee club made the hit of the eve fully analyzed. where, live alone, and work out his
ning, singing a part-song in the com But "he is clannish and insists on economical salvation fearlessly. In
petitive carnival of song between the living in communities of other China Honolulu there is no Chinatown like
five higher institutions of learning in men." So does the Italian, the Rus San Francisco, though there is a part
this city two years ago. The local sian Jew, the Bohemian, the Pole and of the city where Chinese shops and
Chinese Consul, a gentleman of cul a lot of other immigrants. Why should lodging houses congregate. The homes
ture, happens into an evangelistic ser they not? For very convenience they of this people are in all quarters of
vice in our leading Caucasian church all follow this natural law until our town. They are no more clannish than
as naturally and with as little visible language and ways are understood. any other nationality. In fact, thev
remark as any other resident. The With the Chinese, however, there is a show marked ability to coalesce will
characteristic American publication, stronger reason than natural law. We all sorts of people, as marriage records
"Success" has at least three hundred Americans have forced them to do so clearly demonstrate.
and sixty Chinese subscribers in Hono for very self-protection. Those coarse There is little need to dwell upon the
lulu. Mainland circles are agog with revilings and cruel stones of my San other specifications. Of "the sole ob
dread over the new Chinese Exclusion Francisco boy-memory made Chinatown ject to make enough money to get back-
Act—that of American goods from a necessity. The Dennis Kearney poli to China, there to live in comparative
Chinese shops. Yet in the face of all tics of that city kept it in existence. affluence," it will suffice to say that
April, 1923 THE FRIEND 91

Hawaii's experience fully demonstrates their country." It was a singular and me one day as I sat in his office, "I
the statement that if America had treat totally unexpected corroboration com cannot explain how it is, but I can
ed the Chinaman as these islands have ing from the heart of New England on take a young Chinese out of Mills In
done he would have stayed in such the Atlantic, five thousand miles from stitute into my bank and he will do
numbers that the argument could have our similar experience in the mid-Pa anything I tell him in any branch,
no standing. The Chinese went to the cific. learning quickly and proving reliable,
mainland not bound by the rigid con Passing then, from the indictment while it takes a white man much longer,
tracts under which they emigrated to made against him, what further testi and he will make more mistakes. They
Hawaii, and which often compelled mony has Hawaii to present as to her are a wonderful people.," This gentle
them to return in a few years, yet in experience with the people of this man has a number of Chinese in his
the face of these contracts a fair num nationality? At the very outset care bank.
ber of them have settled here perman should be taken not to minimize the As a family man the Celestial is a
ently, and if they could be naturalized fact that the Chinese, like many others decided success. He loves his family,
now as they were permitted to do dur who come to us, are ignorant of sani cares for his children tenderly, strives
ing the monarchy, a large proportion tation and that the less intelligent of to give them the best advantages he can
of them would doubtless avail them them require patient tuition to make command, and rarely figures in the di
selves of the privilege. American treat them healthful members of the social vorce court. If American housewives
ment and not "natural cussedness" in whole. A point in the Chinaman's only knew what an ideal domestic ser
the Chinese is responsible for this in favor is his willingness to do better if vant he makes, there would be a femi
curable desire to get back to their he is kindly taught and if he under nine clamor for the repeal of the ex
home land. stands that he must. clusion laws that even Congress would
As for "his incapacity to speak or Again, Chinese will gamble. This heed.
to think in English," even in this poly is beyond question their worst vice.
Hawaii's experience suggests the re
glot city of Honolulu, to which English But a police force uncursed by graft
flection that the Chinese immigrant la
is not native, I would be willing to can keep this evil well in hand, if it borer may prove a valuable asset to
match the ordinary Chinese with the will, as was clearly demonstrated in the Union in the problem of racial
average European continental immi Honolulu under the reform administra amalgamation. This may at first seem
grant in the United States where con tion of High Sheriff William Henry, a singular point to urge, but it is of
ditions of association with users of our lately chief of police. Outside of gam no little interest to us here in the mid-
language have been the same. In fact, bling and illegal liquor selling (an Pacific. It is conceded by everybody
the Chinese is possessed of considerable other offense traceable to grafting by that the cross between the Chinese and
linguistic ability. Where will you find the authorities) the Chinese do not Hawaiian gives to this Territory one
immigrants so eager to enter high figure largely in the criminal courts. of its best elements. He is beyond
schools in order to learn our langu Out of 1,481 arrests for drunkenness in compare above the half-white. So
age as the Chinese. Every church in the year 1903-4, only three were of marked is this contrast that thought
the Union which conducts a Chinese Chinamen. Being a lover of peace, ful men have been left to ponder seri
mission knows that the determination few crimes of violence are charged ously the problem presented. It may
to learn our language is a passion with against him. He is a good taxpayer. not be flattering to our New World
the Chinaman, unmatched by any like Ninety-two per cent of his children pride, but it seems true that the Chinese
phenomenon in the case of any other attend school, and throughout the pub has, through his centuries of develop
nationality unless it be the Japanese. lic schools of the territory they have ment, reached a far more stable plane
Having been invited on a recent Sun ranked as the best pupils. I have yet
of evolution than the Anglo Saxon.
day to address the four hundred or so to find a public school teacher who does
not place the Chinese at the head. In Match the latter ("finest product of the
students of Philipps Academy Andover. ages" though he be) and the Polyne
at vespers, I took occasion to appeal to 1903 there were sixteen Chinese or
part-Chinese teachers in the public and sian ; the white heredity goes to pieces.
the sense of justice and honor so keen
fourteen in the private schools of the The result is a creature weaker, less
in the young on behalf of a noble
islands. The number of office holders reliable and more fickle than either
treatment of the Asiatic by us Ameri
cans. At the close of the brief service, of pure or mixed Celestial blood was parent. But the Chinese tones up the
Principal Stearns thanked me warmly twelve. Chancing to ask one of our Hawaiian into a stable, keen-witted,
for what had been said, adding, "It will public servants close in rank to the industrious nature upon which the best
be a great help to our Chinese and Governor the question, "How do the sort of character can be built. Some
Japanese students, for we have several Chinese compare with public servants urge strongly that this contrast is due
of each nationality here. And, by the of other nationalities," the answer, partly to the fact that often the half-
way, you told the truth about them. "Five hundred per cent better," came white is the offspring of a Caucasian
They are among our best students. back, quick as a flash, and with an of no special moral stamina. But, on
Singularly enough, too they excel in emphasis truly refreshing. the other hand, it should be remem
English ; not that they speak the lan Economically considered, the Chinese bered that the Chinese who have emi
guage so well, but in the English must be rated a remarkable asset. He grated to Hawaii come from the poor
course and in English composition they is patient, saving, industrious, temper er classes resident in the Southern or
do better than our American boys. Of ate and thoroughly reliable. The presi more enfeebled provinces of their Em
course our Chinese students are care dent of one of the leading banking pire. The persistence of the heredity
fully chosen and represent the best in institutions in Honolulu remarked to of the Chinese father in these family
92 THE FRIEND April, 1923

Friendliness in Business
Business is not necessarily a mechanical, impersonal
process. It can be made vitally interesting and pleasant
by a little touch of personal friendliness between the
individual and the firm with which he is doing business.
Business with this house IS a friendly proposition. s
In no department of our firm will you find anything but
a cheerful, amiable atmosphere. It is a pleasure for us
to offer our services; you will find it a pleasure to accept
them.

Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd.

Phone 5701
April, 1923 THE FRIEND 93

lines is very noticeable even where on the wall to the rest of the world. whom nature has so rarely equipped
strains of blood are greatly mixed. In a trice, as history counts time, with industrial powers? Not exclu
The Chinaman is really needed by us China will have learned our secrets. sion, not isolation, but closer associa
in our preparation for the great indus Let her spell out the meaning of the tion is the demand of the exigency
trial future now dawning upon the words "modern machinery," and an in facing Anglo-Saxondom. Let the con
world. It should not be overlooked dustrial evolution beside which that of test begin on our soil where it can be
that the Anglo-Saxon has survived out classic economic history will seem a somewhat controlled, where we can give
of ages of martial conflict. But the era pygmy will be precipitated. Think of the Chinese workman some of the
of war has almost passed, and the next China's inexhaustible stores—coal, oil, ideals of our labor movement in ex
great one is to be one of industrial gas, iron and the sister metals. Pic change for a few of the qualities he
struggle. The man whom the past has ture the boundless industrial possibil has to spare. Such close touch will
made industrially fit is bound to be the ities of that land of mountains and help make the two worlds of China
survivor here. No one can study the stored up power. Add to all this the and America kin.
Chinaman without realizing that nature marvelous workman who knows no This is not a plea for the indiscrim
has extended her ingenuity in fashion fatigue and has not yet begun to dream inate admission of the Chinese into our
ing him into a consummate economic of ten and eight hour days. Who is country or to our- citizenship. It is,
fighter. In some respects he represents to train America to survive in the in however, unquestionable that we as a
the summit of the evolutionary process. evitable encounter? Who but the man nation cannot continue to isolate the
He can give all other nationalities odds
and yet win. He has done it wherever
he has gone. Because of this rare
power he is hated in America. The
We Are All Working Men and Women
I !
only thing that prevents his dominating
the industrial world is the double fact Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
that the age of warfare has not wholly yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled"
labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
ended and that as a nation the Chinese
finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own
has not fully awakened out of his sleep
special need.
of complacency.
We will welcome your account.
But the giant is already rubbing his
eyes. The boycott is the handwriting
THE BANKOFHAWAII.LTD. r
BRANCHES
LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR
COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA.

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"As ye sow, so
s~* We convert your rare
shall ye reap"
vase into a Vase Lamp
You can't expect to invest in
questionable, spectacular stocks of rare beauty. A wide
and make a fortune from them variety of fascinating
any more than you could expect
to sow tares and reap a rich silk and parchment shades
harvest.
here especially for that
It is the business of our Stock
and Bond Department to keep use.
abreast of the stock market. It
will be to your advantage to con
sult this department before in
vesting and learn what is back of
any security.

TrentTrustColtd
HONOLULU
•W-Dirc\or\d8c(oLTD
So to serve that we may continue THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES' V*
to serve 53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
94 THE FRIEND April, 1923

eastern Asiatic from the

rest of the world and treat
him either as an enemy of
civilization or an inferior.
For he is neither. He
will contribute to the de
velopment of the World
The Poor Buy Who State and of the rounded
human nature of the fu
Sought horhine ture some elements of as
great value as any which
FounJ Her the Anglo-Saxon is to
give.
eie The demand is for equal
treatment of immigrants
from all foreign lands.
Perhaps the simplest test
for incoming laborers
would be that of Massa
chusetts for the franchise
—the ability to read in
English the constitution
and to write legibly one's
name. This would work
w hardship in many individ
ual cases, but it would
solve our difficulties and
help mightily toward the
evolution of a world-lan
guage. To this add strict
regulations for the exclu
sion of those of criminal
(^HARLES REED BISHOP was born in the village of
■J Glen's Falls on the Hudson and, losing both parents in
early youth, made the best of his situation by applying
I tendencies who are now
being dumped in such
numbers on our shores by
foreign authorities ; make
himself diligently to whatever work fell to his hand. Yield new provision for travel
ing to the popular urge of that day, he set his face west ers and the like classes ;
ward. The "West" was not very far west of Chicago in hedge naturalization about
those days and he soon returned to Newburyport, found a with a strict examination
boyhood chum, Wm. L. Lee, and with him set sail around in civics under such Com
the Horn for Oregon. After a stormy passage of 84 days mission as that for Civil
the leaking brig "Henry" dropped anchor off Honolulu Service; and little cause
Feb. 23, 1846. Hawaii looked good to the boys and they for anxiety should adhere
forgot Oregon. Mr. Lee became Chief Justice of the King in the program of justice
dom of Hawaii and Mr. Bishop engaged in general mer to the man from China or
chandising, serving also in governmental affairs, and later from any other land.
founding the Bank of Bishop & Co., where for some time
he simultaneously filled all positions from janitor to
cashier. Is it possible for the
State and society to take
the children of races so

The Bank ofBishop& Co., Ltd. diverse from Americans

as are the Japanese and
Chinese and by some edu
Oldest Bank in Hawaii cational, social and politi
(Established 1858) cal crucible, fuse them and
turn them out homoge
Total assets over $16,000,000.00
neous Americans? . . .
Can it be done? The most
thoughtful educators of
this Territory answer, em
phatically, yes.—The late
Prof. M. M. Scott.
 THE FRIEND

- i.
An indoor picture of the Fifth Annual High School Students' Conference in session
at Kancohe

Read in this issue how experts other than agricul

tural are using modern methods for the production of
bumper crops (of boys) in this Territory.

also
How Hawaii's School System has grow^n
in seventy-five years.
How" the Controversy) over the Mission
Press held in Oregon and claimed by Hawaii
is finally settled.

HONOLULU MAY, 1923 HAWAII

102 THE FRIEND May, 1923

The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. | The

Dealers in Automobiles and
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
Bank of Bishop & Co., Pierce=Arrow
Machinery Merchants Ltd.
Agents for III
Dual Valve Six
Packard Motor Car Co. The Oldest Bank in Hawaii
Overland Company II!
Buick Motor Company jij Total Assets Over $16,000,000. IT is in traffic that
Chandler Motor Car Co. Save consistently now—
Cleveland the flexibility born
Menominee Trucks Reap financial independence
II! United States Tires Hi in the years to come. of ample power is
Michelin Tires III Start a Savings Account Now
Also Agents for !;; most apparent and
Otis Elevator Company
Frick Co. (Ice Machinery) !!! most grateful.
Gray Motor Co.
Armstrong Cork Co. ::: It threads the crowd
L. C. Smith Co.
;:: (Concrete Machinery)
II! ed streets, starting in-
■IS Troy Laundry Machinery Co. Ill
Century Electric Co. Ill s t a n 1 1 y, increasing
jjj Knight "All White" Soda Fountain ill
II: Company ;;; speed at a moment's
Palatine Ins. Co. of London ill
llj Automobile Department of Hartford jjj
jj: Phoenix Assurance Co .of London jjj notice, slowing down
lj: Fire Ins. Co. fefe /
Union Gas Engine Co. without touching a
+ * *
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG gear, springing
BUILDING CLOTHING and
MEN'S
through a narrowing
j[j Corner King and Bishop streets, 11!
Honolulu. Ill FURN ISHINGS passage, speeding
* + + ahead on a clear road
The Up-to-Dateness —effortless, noiseless.
of the Stock is our
Demonstration by
Japanese Special
!S
Pride
3 IS
appointment.

Bazaar ELKS' BLDG. TEL. 1751

Royal Hawaiian Sales

LARGEST ASSORTMENT Or Go., Ltd.
ORIENTAL GOODS
IN THE CITY.
ji ji j«
Outing Shoes Dealers

PHONE 1470. FORT ST

Hilo - Honolulu - Wailuku
Opposite Catholic Church.

tfe- L- =C IE: rOa

For News-Japan, Japanese El W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
and Oriental, Read ^fn
White Buck with Rubber Soles
SF/j}*SaUg2fippu,9tji «V $5.00. MERCHANT
ESTABLISHED 1895 TAILORS
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH
SI/IICRIPTIOH
Manufacturer's
1 mo. S 1.00 TheNippuJijiCo.ffi T. SOGA

6 n». 5.25 PUBLISHERS

President t
1 year 18.00 P. O. Pox 1230 Honolulu, T. H. Editor.
Shoe Store Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
62 King Street
Commercial Printing in Photo-Engraving & iosi Fort St.
Japanese, EngUli & Chinese Rubber Stamp Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
rn :r =n =y
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, MAY, 1923 No. 5

m^e Growth of Hawaii's Schools

|N A PERIOD of seventy-five years public school children have increased sending their children without paying a
*■ from 2,000 to 57,502. A teaching staff of probably less than one hun due proportion of the teacher's support
dred has grown to number 1,913, with monthly salaries to $290.00 and a and the other expenses of the school.
minimum salary of $100.00. The sum of $15.00 would barely pay
In 1847 an appeal was made for a more liberal support of the "Select the expenses of educating a scholar for
School" in the hope that a salary of $150.00 per term could be secured one year at the Charity School. We
for the teacher! For the school year 1922-1923 an appropriation of ask, have not parents in Honolulu sent
$460,266.00 went into the general school fund. This in addition to City their children to that school year after
year without paying more than $5.00
and County educational appropriations.
per annum? Upon examination we be
These interesting contrasts are made possible through the discovery in lieve that some children continuously
the files of The Friend of an article entitled "Who Support the Schools enjoy the privileges of the school whose
in Honolulu and Vicinity?" which was printed in January, 1847 as an parents contribute not one farthing to
appeal to the public conscience. In the belief that this article is valuable ward its support. Is that right? Some
as showing the growth of education in these islands it is here reproduced months ago a gentleman intimated to
in almost complete form: us that he had in his possession some
thing like $40.00 for some benevolent
IN OUR last number we enumerated ask for a more promising field : let purpose. We suggested to him the
44 schools now in active operation in him occasionally visit the school, en- Oahu Charity School. He gave us to
Honolulu and vicinity. These schools courge the teacher and contribute a few understand that he did not think that
are furnishing the rudiments of educa dollars annually for its support and we school an object of charity since so
tion to near 2,000 children and youths doubt not he will find a more ample many rich parents there educated their
between the ages of 5 and 20. It is return than 12 per cent per annum. children. The season of the year is
truly an interesting and delightful sub From what we know of Mrs. Grum- now approaching when the officers are
ject for contemplation. Who, that will mer's School it has been tolerably pat to be chosen and a subscription taken
look at the present and prospective ronized. This lady is highly deserving to meet the current expenses of the
usefulness of these schools, but may for her ardor and perseverance. school. Most sincerely we do hope
well feel it a privilege to promote their Mr. Stidolph informs us that he there will be a cordial willingness to
efficiency and aid in bearing his due has undertaken his school by way of contribute toward this useful and im-
proportion of their pecuniary support? experiment. Most sincerely we hope iwrtant institution.
The Hawaiian government supports he may be fully successful. His school It only remains for us to allude
38 of these schools, viz: 37 among the is needed upon the same principle that to the select school of Mr. Wilcox. It
common people and the school of the the "Oahu Charity School" is needed. was opened on the 19th of November
young chiefs. The increasing number of half-caste with five pupils. Already that number
The Punahou School is supported by children must be educated. The Charity has more than doubled. We are anx
annual appropriations from the funds School has opened a new term with ious that the foreign community should
of A. B. C. F. M. Missions. about 30 scholars. This number is suf fully understand tht present condition
The five remaining schools are de ficiently large to occupy the attention of this school. There is no one, we
pendent upon tuition fees and private of any one teacher. These two schools. think, but fully acknowledges its im
subscriptions. William Tenooe's Eng together with Mrs. Grummer's ought portance. The children who ought to
lish school for Hawaiians needs en not, certainly, to fail of being liberally attend a school of this description are
couragement. The school house re supported in this community. constantly increasing. For the current
mains in an unfinished condition, while Tn regard to the "Charity School," term the teacher has a salary of $150.00
the teacher is discouraged because the by no means would we have the charac pledged to him in case the tuition fees
parents are not more punctual in pay ter of the school changed, touching should not amount to that sum. Some
ing the tuition fees of their children. the terms of admission to its privileges: parents with whom we have conversed
This school really merits attention. Any but regarding its support, a change have expressed the opinion that the
intelligent person interested in the pro ought to be made. Parents possessing terms are too high. We think so, too.
motion of education, surely could not ample means ought not to think of and we propose to those parents who
 THE FRIEND May, 1923
104

are witholding their children from the heartedly to many lines of constructive ter fitted than any other European to
school on that account to increase the work. speak upon what the League means
number to twenty or more and we Booked for a lecture course on the aid what it has already done. He had
part in the framing of the Covenant,
doubt not that the coming term there mainland, Mr. MacCaughey left Ha
he was at the Paris conference and he
will be a reduction in price. Could the waii immediately upon the expiration
has been a member of the Assembly
teacher be insured 20 pupils constantly of his term of office. While in San
since the League's inception. For an
at $8.00 per quarter, it would pay his Francisco he was offered association
with the California Council of Educa our he kept the audience in rapt at
salary. . . . tention and the address was also broad
Ye who were educated in the public tion and California Teachers' Associa
and private schools of England and tion. Much of his work will be in casted into 800,000 homes by the New
America, but are now residents of Ho Berkeley and will involve travel thru- ark Radio Station. Among those who
listened to the address over the radio
nolulu, are you doing as much as you out the state and Pacific Coast in gen
graph was Ex-President Wilson. On
ought for the support of schools? . . . eral. The next few months in the Bay
the following day he addressed a group
How can you expend more profitably a reigion, preparatory to, and including
the great World Conference on Educa of the clergy of New York, and again
portion of your annual income than by
tion and National Education Associa n Wednesday evening spoke to an
aiding in the support of our schools?
tion convention, promise to be of ex other vast throng at a dinner at the
Select some child of the village and pay
ceptional interest and value. Colony Club. Lord Robert said he
for his education. Sincerely we hope it
An important branch of the work came to learn as well as to instruct
may never be said of Honolulu, that a
with which Mr. MacCaughey is asso and the outcome of his visit will surely
child here grows up without being taught
ciated is the placement of teachers. be to set hundreds of thousands of
the rudiments of a good common edu
With a total membership of some 20,- people to thinking through the whole
cation. 000 teachers, the Placement Bureau question.
does a large and significant business. The New York Times and other dail
Aloha to Mr. MacCaughey The Association is highly organized ies printed the remarkable address in
OPPOSITION by the Senate to and has strong working contacts with full.
Vaughan MacCaughey, Superinten many states and national bodies. Lord Robert's Speech
dent of Public Instruction, swift and The Sierra Educational News, the
unfavorable reaction from the general official journal of the Teachers' Asso It is impossible in a paragraph to
public and the teaching personnel of ciation, is published and in this branch give any summary of the address. It
the territory and the final summary of the work Mr. MacCaughey will have will, no doubt, be printed in pamphlet
change in the office of superintendent, an important part. form and widely circulated. An in
are part of 1923 legislative history teresting thing was that during the first
In view of the attractiveness of the third of the address Lord Robert dealt
which is, on the whole, best forgotten. offer which came to him soon after his
with the question of disarmament. He
Were constructive methods at the arrival in California Mr. MacCaughey
praised the work done at the conference
root of the school chaos, there would has cancelled Eastern lecture bookings.
in Washington for limiting naval arma
be no aftermath of bad feeling. Per He is, however, able to carry out part ment, but was disappointed that the
sonal animosity there was certainly, of his original schedule for the Pacific
conference did not go further and limit
and upon it apparently was built a care Coast. —E. V. W. submarines and aerial warfare. He
fully formulated plan to "get" the man
spoke of the attempts to regulate these
in the superintendent's office.
Lord Robert Cecil instruments in warfare and said it was
Through the storm of opposition and
all in vain. He said, "I am very glad
insinuation Mr. MacCaughey maintain
ed admirable poise. The confidence of in America these regulations were made, but I
No visitor to America in recent years should deceive you if I pretend that
the community was his ; the confidence
any regulations for humanizing warfare
of the teachers who had served under has attracted quite the attention that were really likely to be of great value."
him was his. He had nothing to lose Lord Robert Cecil has. He came here He said that war was a horrible and
but his position, and in the light of upon the invitation of the Foreign devilish thing. Nations were at death
subsequent events, this was but a step Policy Association, not to urge Amer
grips with each other in it and mere
ping stone to one of equal if not greater ica's entrance into the League, but to paper regulations will not limit it, or
opportunity on the mainland. tell the Americans of the achievements
humanize the means which they em-
To Mr. MacCaughey as an educator, of the League. At his first appearance iloy. The last war was a terrible warn
an executive, a leader of young people in New York at a dinner given by the ing to those who think that there is
desiring to bring about the fruition in Foreign Policy Association, two thou any means by which war can be made
the Islands of a Christian ideal and sand people were present. It was per more tolerable. "The only thing is to
unquestioned American loyalty, as a haps the largest and most enthusiastic prevent its happening. That is the only
publicist and always-loyal booster for dinner that has been held in America.
security for humanity."
the Islands, The Friend wishes to pay Double the number of tickets could
have been sold had there been room. He said that should another war
tribute. For many years Mr. Mac
come there will be no limit to the hor
Caughey was an active member of the When Lord Robert arose to speak, the
ror and cruelty of it—no limit to the
Hawaiian Board and of the Friend great throng stood on their feet, greet
Editorial Board. His contribution to ing him with handclapping for several destruction that will be wrought—no
both was considerable. He gave whole minutes. Lord Robert is perhaps bet country will be .safe from invasion.
 May, 1923 THE FRIEND 105

The Collapse of Civilization pieces as all civilizations have, but the pected, making this convention the larg
Lord Robert made a very striking League rests on persuasion and not on est religious gathering in the world this
point by reminding- the audience that force. It relies on public opinion as year, and it may go down in history
all of the ancient civilizations had been its great agent. It has only one end as the largest religious convention ever
brought to a remarkable degree of per in view, and that is by these methods held in the world.
fection and then were destroyed by to furnish a real safeguard against war. Secretary of Labor J. J. Davis, Wil
warfare. "Neither Egypt or Crete or If the people in America think there liam J. Bryan, William G. McAdoo,
Rome passed away because of any in is some better safeguard than the fifty- Sherwood Eddy, Gipsy Smith, Dr. Fran
ternal effeteness, but because they de two nations in the league have devised, cis E. Clark, who founded the Christian
stroyed one another. It is often he, for one, would like to hear it and Endeavor Society 42 years ago and who
thought that Rome perished by reason would give it most careful considera is its president today, and a number of
of the invasion of the barbarians tion. But one thing this country should other notable speakers will be heard on
around her borders, but there is no remember, that if another war comes the program.
truth in that delusion. Rome perished the United States will of necessity be President Warren G. Harding also
because the sections and nations which in it to a much greater degree than she may address the convention, if he makes
made up the Roman Empire were un was in the last, and will feel its blasting his western tour this summer.
able to keep from fighting with one an effects more than she did in 1917. A mammoth street parade in which
other. . . . Rome committed suicide . . . There will never be any more limited all delegates will march, musical pro
let us take care that our civilizations do wars, all wars will be world wars. grams by an adult chorus of 500 voices
not commit suicide also." He said Surely we do not want that. Then if and a children's chorus of 500, and sev
there is no prospect of stable civiliza we do not think the league is suffi eral pageants, in which more than 500
tion, no security for permanent peace, cient, for the sake of America, for the persons will participate, will also be
so long as the nations stand on one sake of the world, give us something featured during the convention. The
side or the other of their borders arm better: The League would be willing convention music and pageants will be
ed to the teeth for aggressive warfare. to consider any proposals, would be under the direction of Prof. H. Augus
The League of Nations insists that willing, Lord Robert felt sure, to con tine Smith, director of the fine arts
there is no possibility of getting rid of sider anv amendments that might make in religion department of Boston Uni
armaments on a real scale unless some it possible for America to enter. versity.
other form of security could be given In a most thrilling fifteen minutes. Since the convention opens on Inde
to satisfy the jealous nations. If the Lord Robert summed up by renuest of pendence Day, patriotism and American
nations are to disarm we must give someone in the audience what the ization work will be stressed.
them a security which will enable them League had already accomplished. The There are between 70,000 and 80.000
to dispense with armaments. He be Christian Endeavor Societies in the
whole address was so irenic. so full of
lieved that this security was in sight. the desire to learn, and so in the nature world today, represented in 87 Protes
In the first place there must be moral tant denominations. Over 66.000 of
of conference, that no one. even the
disarmament as well as material dis these report regularly to the Interna
most bitter opponent of the League
armament. Fundamentally the League tional Christian Endeavor Organization.
could have taken offence.—Frederick
of Nations has come into existence to
Lvnch, Educational Secretary World It is a matter for congratulation that
bring about by international conference
Alliance for International Friendship the man chosen to succeed Air. Mac-
and co-operation, both this moral and
material disarmament. Whenever one Through the Churches. Caughey is an educator of recognized
thinks of the League, that is the first ability, who is already familiar with
thing one should consider. Lord Robert ,T<H R I S T I A N ENDFAVORFRS conditions in Hawaii.
said. "The central idea of the League vJ from every city in every state Mr. Willard E. Givens. the new
of Nations, as I understand it. is a in the nation, from Canada and from Superintendent of Public Instruction,
system of international conference and foreign countries will erather in Des succeeded Principal M. M. Scott, at
cooperation, not depending on coercion, Moines. Iowa. July 4-9. for the 29th In McKinley High School, and after re
without coercion, without force, with ternational Christian Endeavor conven turning to the mainland was recalled
out any interference with the sover tion. to Honolulu to become principal of Ka-
eignty of full independence and free From 25.000 to 35,000 visitors are ex mehameha Schools.
dom of action of any of its members, In historic Kawaiahao Church, the 101st Annual Meeting
working not for any selfish interests, of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association will take place
but for the establishment of better and June 19-24. A popular feature of the program will be the
more brotherly relations between the song contests of the Sunday Schools. Some exceptionally
nations, and for the establishment of fine Hawaiian singing is heard annually at these contests.
peace upon the earth. The Ministers' Tea Party, the chief social event of the
That is the idea of the League."
convention will be held this year on the Mission Memorial
The Failure of Force Grounds. A Sunday School hoike (rally) will occupy the
He dwelt again upon the fact that no day of Saturday, June 23rd.
lasting achievement could be based on "The Greatness of Our Religion" will be the general theme of the inspira
force. A civilization based on arma tional addresses. Bible expositions of the Epistle to the Philippians will be
ment is based on force, and will go to given daily preceding the noon recess.
106 THE FRIEND May, 1923

Fifty years ago when the first com Eliot, the "Apostle to the Indians."
Hlie Cousins in Annual memorative event wras held, a banyan They spent forty-six years of unclouded
tree was planted by Mr. W. O. Smith happiness together. It was a great joy
Meeting opposite Baldwin House in what is now to him to bring his wife to the home
THE seventy-first annual meeting of the park. A second tree will be plant of his youth where they spent the
the Hawaiian Mission Children's So ed at the Centennial by the Lahaina winter of 1912-13.
ciety took place in Mission Memorial Outdoor Circle. Besides his widow he leaves surviv
auditorium, Saturday, April 14th, the ing him three sons, a grandson and two
president. Miss Ethel Damon, presiding. brothers, Joseph S. Emerson of this
Items of business, including the ac city and Rev. Oliver P. Emerson of
ceptance with regret of Mr. Lyle Dic Brookline, Mass.
key's resignation as treasurer after 28
years of efficient service, and the elec
tion of new officers, were disposed of. Pictures from tke Hawaii
The president displayed a framed
placard relating to the dedication of the of 1823
Chamberlain House, which was found A paper written for the 71st Annual
in Boston and presented by Mr. How Meeting of the Hawaiian Mission
ard Ballou to the Cousins in 1923. The Children's Society, April 14. 1923, by
placard now hangs in the Chamber Ethel M. Damon.
lain House.
The passing of Rev. John T. Gulick, THE trick of using centuries as step
ping stones is an old one, yet in
less than an hour before the meeting,
teresting, even if merely from the point
was reported by Miss Damon. Mr.
of view of contrast. Even to people
Joseph Emerson paid tribute to Dr.
swallowed up in the whirl of the pres
Gulick's keen mind, his international
ent day, it is sometimes not uninter
fame as a scientist, his authorship of
esting to look at the old houses across
books on evolution, his noble work as
the street, at the big coral house and
a missionary and voiced the Cousins'
the "stone printing house" not yet quite
loss in his passing. a century old, and to step gently through
The roll-call left the Judds still in
the rooms of the little frame house
the lead, though with only sixteen de
which came out "ready made" from
scendants present. They were closely
Boston over a hundred years ago, and
followed by the Chamberlains, who
numbered fifteen.
Pioneer Son of Hawaii Dies which once housed a family in each
room, twelve grown ups and twelve
Officers elected were: President, Miss JUSTIN EDWARDS EMERSON, children! They were indeed brothers
Ethel Damon; Vice-President, Mr. Wm. fifth son of Rev. John S. Emerson, and sisters of a large family, those pio
P. Alexander; Secretary, Mrs. R. W. was born at Waialua, August 11, 1841. neers, and we who call ourselves cous
Andrews; Treasurer, Mr. W. W. His mother was his first teacher, then ins of that noble family are especially
Chamberlain ; Auditor, Mr. Cyril Damon. he attended successively Punahou, proud to look back to the doings of our
Owing to the lateness of the hour, Williams College and finally Harvard forefathers, to realize that but for their
the papers prepared by Mr. Howard Medical School from which institution convictions and sacrifices we should
Ballou and Miss Damon, especially for he was graduated in 1868. He practiced not be enjoying today in our island
the occasion, were omitted from the
for the most part in Detroit where he paradise the very great comforts and
program. These are given print in this
was a specialist in mental and nervous advantages of civilization.
issue of The Friend.
diseases, and was clinical professor of For a quick view, take a cross sec
nervous diseases in the Detroit College tion of a single year. And, as it hap
Lahaina's Centennial of Medicine. pens, the year 1823 is particularly ab
THE centennial of the first landing sorbing in its development. It is a
For several years he had been in
of the missionaries (Richards and year of beginnings. There were in the
failing health and in February, 1922, mission two ministers and four teach
Stewart) on Maui will be celebrated at became much worse and as soon as
Lahaina June second and third. ers, who with their wives were strug
weather permitted was brought from gling to understand and to make them
An interesting program, including a Florida where he had been spending selves understood, to establish Chris
pageant depicting the landing, and the winter to Clifton Springs Sanitar
tableaux and special music in the tian homes in what seemed to them a
ium where, except for a few months wilderness. They were grouped for
Armory, will be given on Saturday. last summer, he remained. On Sun
June third. On this day and evening the most part on Oahu, with a small
day, April 8, he entered upon the ful station on Kauai, the Thurstons having
Mr. W. O. Smith, Rev. S. L. Desha
and Rev. H. H. Poepoe will be the ler life. been obliged to follow the king to
principal speakers, while on Sunday Dr. Emerson had a very happy and Oahu from the first station on Hawaii.
the celebration will feature a historical useful life. He married Miss Wilimena All of them were young, and eager,
paper by Rev. Henry P, Judd. H. Eliot, a descendant of Rev. John tremendously in earnest ; the women
 May, 1923 THE FRIEND 107
were the first white women to make the retary at each end of the table, record
sacrifices of such pioneering, ready and ing the names and taxes" of those who
willing- to put forth every effort toward entered to pay tribute. "The only dress
bringing light into spiritual and physi of Kamehamalu was a loose pink slip.
cal darkness. And many of the "Sand She left her writing-desk on the ent
wich Islanders" were holding out eager rance of the Missionaries, but immedi
hands toward them. During 1823 the ately after receiving them, resumed her
first law for observance of the Sab seat, excusing herself on account of the
bath was twice promulgated by the public business in which she was en
king's crier, the chiefs coming to rea gaged. She is a woman of business,
lize that these new white men and and appeared well versed in that be
women had customs and advantages fore her." It is elsewhere stated that
which it were well to adopt. The print as much as $5000.00 was collected for
ing press had been set up and operated the expense of erecting this new palace.
the year before, but it needed the ar The almost absolute power of the chiefs
rival of the English missionary, Rev. strikes Mr. Stewart, as he comments
William Ellis, in February of 1823, to on the passage down the street of a
give a great stimulus to this work. three-years-old chief, attended by some
Mr. Ellis had spoken and written the twenty or thirty retainers who follow
language of Tahiti for several years implicitly his every whim. Surprizing,
and very soon found himself able not too, was the elaborate luxury of foreign
only to converse freely in Hawaiian, materials in the European dress worn
Proclaimed Hawaii's Official Flower
which is closely related to Tahitian, on state occasions by king and chiefs.
by the 1923 Legislature
but also to preach and to translate The king, in fact, was accustomed to
Tahitian hymns. These were soon send his measure to a tailor in Canton,
printed and proved a source of real a pool of water, a six weeks old infant who, taking sandalwood in payment,
joy to the Hawaiians. in her arms, and when no other means
proceeded to fit out the royal wardrobe.
offered, intrepidly mounting the ship's
In April of 1823 a second great stimu It was said that Liholiho once received
quarter by the manropes and standing
lus reached the pioneers in the arrival ready to wave a distant farewell to four hundred suits in a single shipment.
of their first reinforcement of eleven those on shore. It is from the pen of The women chiefs also loved to deck
new missionaries with three Hawaiian this same Mr. Stewart that we have a themselves, with their innate love of
assistants. The joy at their coming succession of pictures, of the Queen- pageantry, in all the gorgeous velvets
would be hard to describe. Briefly, mother, Keopuolani, welcoming the first and satins from China, and one was
young Mrs. Thurston gives us as vivid mission station on Maui which she had already talking of eating less poi in
a picture as any other account, she her order to have a more delicate figure
begged for, of the new station at Hilo,
self, ill at the time, being completely and not among the least the impression like the foreign ladies.
overcome at the intelligence that the made upon the newly-arrived reinforce Now contrast the color of the fore
new Mrs. Bishop was no other than ment by the strange aspect of the mis going pictures with this excellent char
her dearest friend, Elizabeth Edwards, sion field. His picture of Liholiho's acter study which well deserves to be
whom she had left three years before, queen, Kamamalu (or Kamehamalu, as engraved and hung in the coral house
never expecting to see again. Another he explains her name, Shadow of Ka- on the corner across the way: "Mr.
picture by Mrs. Thurston of the hor mehameha) is not easily forgotten. On Chamberlain, in his station of Agent of
rors of inter-island travel a hundred the arrival of the reinforcement at Ho the Mission, is a most indefatigable
years ago might well be printed and nolulu, some of the new-comers called labourer, the servant of us all. He re
distributed among the passengers of the upon the king in the new house which linquished a partnership in a mercan
"Haleakala" as good publicity for pres had just been erected for him under the tile establishment of Boston, with the
ent day improvements. It is too inter shelter of the fort and in which he had most flattering prospects of affluence,
esting to be quoted piecemeal. Buy a collected luxuries such as mirrors, placed his capital in the stocks, devot
copy of the new edition for each of chairs, lattice windows and sofas, the ing the interest to the Missionary
your children and friends. It is some like of which had been quite unknown cause, and, in contrast to his former
thing which no Island family can afford when the pioneer mission had arrived situation, may now almost daily be seen
to be without, lest,—I quote an eminent three years before. It was the custom at Honoruru, with a cheerfurface and
living authority — spiritual starvation of chiefs on erecting a new house to happy heart, driving a team of oxen, or
set in. collect tribute of all who entered it, a drawing a porter's (wheel) barrow,
Nor must Mrs. Thurston's sketches, sort of levy on curiosity. The Queen from the Mission House to the village ;
inimitable tho they are, be thought the Kamamalu seems to have been the busi or in a coarse carman's frock, toiling
only ones of that early day. Rev. Mr. ness man of the realm, for having among the barrels and boxes of his
Stewart, a member of the second com readily learned to write, she is discov storehouse."
pany of missionaries, recalled vividly ered by the newly arrived deputation Such things as these are treasures
an unforgettable picture of Mrs. Thurs seated in the one room of the neatly not to be lightly valued. And by the
ton leaving Lahaina in 1823, sitting in thatched palace, "having a writing- very generous gift of a year ago, our
a very narrow single canoe, her feet in desk open before her, and a native sec Cousins' Society was made possessor
108 THE FRIEND May, 1923

of a great many of these portraits and king's messenger! Yet on a pretended

the frames which hold them. Some priestess of Pele who arose in the path
few, in the manuscript journals of early of the travellers to denounce their
days, are carefully preserved in safe sacrilige of having eaten Pele's berries
and vault. And we hope that more without permission, this same Makoa
wili be entrusted to our care, either pounced like a hawk, declaring that if
complete or in extract. But the great she were Pele, the people had nothing
er majority are printed and were given to thank her for except destroying the
over to the Society last year by Mr. land and fishing-grounds, then shaking
George R. Carter. I mention them the island to pieces and cursing it with
again this year, because I feel that barrenness ! Indeed, the travellers were
many of us do not fully realize the electrified to hear Makoa defending
great value and intrinsic interest of the them when he had seemed afraid to
volumes in this library. It is a collec approach the dread abode of Pele him
tion that one would go far to seek. self, and to hear him shout at the pre
And it may happen some day that tended priestess, "Hawaii would be
strangers will accost you with a ques quiet, if you were away! If I were the
tion about it, and will start back in King, I would pitch you all into the
amazement, if not in shame, at your sea !"
ignorance as to its treasures. Well for Furthermore, and finally, Mr. Ellis
you, if those strangers are not your sketched two portraits of this whimsi
own children, for children have a way cal guide. Mr. Ellis was the son of a
of growing suddenly beyond recogni poor candlemaker. He worked hard,
tion and of picking up odd bits of his with little time for schooling; yet even
toric lore that demand answers to as a child had been moved by a pas
questions ! sion for detail, which became evident
But to step back into 1823 for a MAM.O A later in his botanical work as a garden
moment, may I tell you just a little of er and in the records of his many voy
ages among the isles of the Pacific.
one of the greatest and but little known ter from passing showers into cala One may well marvel at his skill.
treasures in the Carter library? Others bashes ; of Kamehameha's once sacred
there are as rare, but none more inter bathing pool ; of a deserted heiau where
esting than the story of the first tour an image of Kamehameha's war god
around the Island of Hawaii. The Big Kaili had once stood, the image which Missionary) -Scientist Passes
Island presented greater difficulties had been accustomed to fly about by "TVR. JOHN T. GULICK, veteran mis-
than any other island of the group, night as a devouring flame; of the U sionary of Hawaii, died April 14th.
and was consequently the last to re countenance of the high priest, Hewa- 1923, at his home in Manoa Valley.
ceive permanent mission stations. With hewa, ordinarily peaceful, but taking Dr. Gulick was the third child in a
the governor's encouragement a touring on the frightful expression of Kaili as family famous for the extent and di
party of four missionaries was organ he carried that image into battle ; of versity of its missionary activities, and
ized which not only made the circuit the changes from war-like days, of was ninety-one years of age at the time
of the island on foot and in canoes, but swords being beaten, if not into plough of his death. He is survived by his
also crossed it up to the Volcano and shares, at least into spelling books and wife, a son. Addison Gulick ; a daugh
down again. They suffered often for distributed among the vanquished ! Of ter, Mrs. R. B. Whitaker, of Lin Tsing.
lack of fresh water, even also of food ; the young Kamehameha, Liholiho, there China, and by six grandchildren.
to save their only shoes they made is an admirable portrait. And who He was born in 1832 on the Island
themselves sandals of ti-leaves ; to carry could ever forget the picture of the of Kauai. Beginning in his youth
the word of God, as true disciples, they snout and ears of a pet pig appearing and continuing throughout his career.
frequently preached to listening multi above the tapa bed covering after be he made an extensive study of the in
tudes at the end of the day when foot ing carefully tucked into bed with the fluence of isolation on the evolution of
sore and exhausted with walking or ill rest of the Hawaiian family ! Or the organisms. As he grew older the re
ness. The keen observation of Mr. Ellis tale of the new covered pail proudly ligious and the scientific phases of his
took note of every detail, keeping rec carried to church by a chiefess as a life-work became more and more closely
ord even of legends and traditions re retitule for her newly acquired hand related, through the influence he was
lated by the natives. There is the giant, kerchief? able to exert as a philosopher of sci
one of the attendants of Umi, who And threading through the whole ence and religion. After his retirement
plucked "coconuts from the trees as he narrative is the amazing personality of from the missionary field—Japan, 1862-
walked along;" there are stories of Makoa, official guide furnished by the 1864: China, 1864-1875, and Japan.
stones that give birth to little stones; governor, who vanished at the sug 1875-1899—he brought together the
there are descriptions of curiously gestion of going to the volcano, only fruits of his studies into one volume.
shaven heads and tattooed tongues as to reappear some miles beyond it with "Evolution, Racial and Habtudinal."
signs of mourning; of hala leaves in the calm remark that the foreigners published in 1905 by the Carnegie In
geniously tied together to conduct wa- must have walked fast to beat the stitute, of Washington.
May, 1923 THE FRIEND 109

The University of Missouri possesses Honolulu on his voyage to that new

a representative exhibition set of Dr. territory to begin his home missionary
Gulick's great research collection of labors there. But while John Gulick
Hawaiian land shells. It may be seen was in Oregon, word came of the gold
in show cases in the biology building, discoveries in California and this 17-
arranged in a way to illustrate the re year-old boy, with characteristic pio
lationship which Gulick discovered be neering instinct, responded to the gold
tween evolution and isolation. excitement and made his way on horse
The following sketch of Dr. Gulick's back overland past Shasta down into
life was prepared by Dr. Albert W. the Trinity county mines. Here he dug
Palmer for the occasion of his funeral a modest sum of gold, which was sent
service in Central Union Church: to his father, by him invested in land
for his son, and then—here is the ro
DURING the last few days it has mantic part of it—forgotten until years
been my great privilege to read afterward when, returning as an aged
through an unpublished manuscript life were used to attain these results. The
of Dr. Gulick. On July 9, 1861, on During his school days his health Y.M.C.A. brought several prominent
board the bark Xanthus, off the New broke down so that he was sent on to men from Honolulu to speak to the fel
Jersey coast, I find this entry recorded Oregon in company with the Rev. lows. Rev. A. W. Palmer, of the Cen-
in his diary: "Have left all the world George Atkinson, who had stopped at ( Continued on page 114)
once more, am free man . . . return
no more to the bondage of imperious
society ... no more exacting study
and care . . . rest . . . rest . . .
rest . . . rest . . . rest !"
High School Boys' Conference
It is the natural expression of relief WITH 116 boys as delegates from gether to get inspiration for their daily
eight different schools, together life, and solutions for their school and
and relaxation after seven years of edu
with 17 adult leaders, the recent 5th personal problems. More than one
cational preparation, especially in a
Annual High School Boys' Conference hundred such fellows met at Pomaikai-
nature-loving soul with whom New
of Hawaii was the largest and the most on-Kaneohe Bay from March 29th to
York City and the stiffly ordered life
successful which the Young Men's April 2d ; and settled down, or rather
of New England were gladly exchanged
Christian Association has conducted in worked themselves up, to three days of
for the larger spaces and freedom of
Hawaii. Such a gathering is cumula camp life. When the rain and the
the world outside. In it I can hear an
tive in its results as the years pass, mud and the mosquitoes came they
echo of the sprightly and vigorous
and the boys understand more fully grinned and bore it, and went about
reaction of Peter J. Gulick who, after
its purpose. This was noted especially the business of the Conference with
a lecturer had tried to prove that this
this year in a larger number of deci unruffled tempers. The Y.M.C.A., as
earth, revamped and furbished up a bit,
sions on the part of the delegates, and the foremost non-denominational power
was to be our heaven, drily comment in the greater degree of consecration for Christianity, conducted this Confer
ed : "Well, that may be all right, but, which the decisions indicate. The Con
ence for the good of the boys them
somehow I feel that when I go to ference helps to gather the character-
selves, and indirectly, for the good of
heaven I want to go somewhere!" harvest of years of patient work in their schools.
This diarist's farewell to care and Sunday School, Church Y.M.C.A. clubs "The theme of the Conference was
study and unreserved committal to a and other Christian organizations; and 'The Way', taken from John 14:6, 'I
veritable nirvana of rest is to be read its results are far reaching in the lives am the Way'. The following poem was
with considerable amusement as one of Hawaii's boys. placed before the boys as an elabora
realizes that it was the prelude to a life G. M. WRISLEY tion of the theme :
of hard work, shipwreck, missionary Following is the story of the Con "To every man there openeth
explorations, scientific research and pa ference, as written by Theodore Hall A way, and Ways and a Way,
tient teaching for more than sixty years Jr., a Sophomore at Punahou Academy. And the High Soul climbs the
yet to follow ! It not only tells the story, but shows High Way
Who is this young man who thus at as well the attitude of the boys to the And the Low Soul gropes the Low,
the age of 29 blithely turns his back on Conference. And in between on the misty flats
the bondage ot imperious society ? "The High School Boys' Conference The rest drift to and fro.
His name is John Thomas Gulick, son this year had to undergo the discom But to every man there openeth
of Peter J. Gulick, a pioneer missionary forts of rain, mud and mosquitoes ; yet A High Way and a Low,
to Hawaii. He was born at Waimea, in spite of these handicaps it was a suc And every man decideth
Kauai, on March 13, 1832, and was one cess, and it fulfilled its worthwhile mis The Way his soul shall go."
of the first pupils at Punahou when sion. John Oxenham.
that school was opened by the mission "The Conference is just what its "Practically everything on the pro
aries in order that their children might name suggests—a gathering of repre gram aimed to help the boys choose a
not have to be sent back to America to sentative fellow's of high school age way, either a way of living, a way of
be educated. from all over the Territory, coming to thinking, or a vocation. Various means
 May, 1923
110 THE FRIEND
tackled the problems that existed in were some games of volley-ball. A
were used to attain these results. The swimming meet was held Saturday
Y. M. C. A. brought several prominent their school, and how they met the
inter-racial problem of Hawaii. afternoon. After several races Puna
men from Honolulu to speak to the hou and McKinley played a water polo
"One of the greatest benefits of the
fellows. Conference was the fellowship that was game. Volley-ball, push-ball and mass
Rev. Albert W. Palmer, of the Cen games were enjoyed between sessions
stimulated. The camp life, the sports
tral Union Church, spoke the first
and games, the disagreeable weather, of the Conference.
night, making a characteristically fine "Saturday night was the Annual
and the willingness of the fellows
and sane talk. He brought out the Stunt Night. Every delegation put on
likenesses between mountain trails and themselves, all helped to draw them to
gether in friendship and good-will. a stunt before the assembled crowd.
the Christian life, the "High Way." On The Kauai delegation won first prize
Sunday President J. L. Hopwood, of Everybody got to know nearly every
body else, not only making friends in with an exciting bull-fighting act.
the Mid Pacific Institute, gave an in Punahou won second prize by present
spiring sermon, contrasting the Christ other schools, but getting to know the
fellows in his own school better. The ing a funny morality play in pantomime.
Way with other ways. He reached a The prizes, two buckets of candy, a
stirring climax when he compared the games were the most influential in this
respect, and of these the best was box of apples and a sack of peanuts,
selfish, grasping and vain life of Cecil were divided up among everybody.
■hot-hand', the great, all-around game
Rhodes with that of David Livingstone, Needless to say, everyone had a good
noble, self-sacrificing, and spent in the of the Conference. There is something
fine about that game, nothing like it time that night.
cause of humanity. Mr. G. R. Weaver, "The Conference was a success be
of the Central Y.M.C.A., gave a fine to get a nice, warm, companionable
feeling for your fellow men. Every cause it gave the fellows what it in
talk Friday evening on "Comrades of
body from Mr. Wrisley down played tended to give them. It gave them the
the Way," stressing our need for the
it. Take fifty fellows all yelling and ideas of the boys in other schools, con
comradeship of Jesus. Speeches were tact with these boys, and thoughts on
made by President A. A. Hauck, of pushing and milling around the poor
'goat' in the middle, and, after a choosing a vocation. It showed the
Punahou, and Mr. F. C. Atherton, on
'whack', rushing in to hide the one who fellows the value of cultivating friend
the topic of vocational guidance. Pres ships; it brought home to them the
ident Hauck took up the choosing of a administered the 'whack', and you have
a good game, particularly if the 'goat' necessity of thinking seriously about
life work, what to look for in a voca
is not a good guesser. themselves; it strengthened their re
tion, and how to compare the futures
"The first afternoon a field meet was ligious nature; and, above all, it gave
that are offered. Mr. Atherton told of
staged. Several freak relay races and them inspiration for higher ideals of
the opportunities in Hawaii, particular
ly along plantation and agricultural games were run off, after which there Christian life."
lines. Sunday afternoon, Lieut. A. G.
Clarke, of the R.O.T.C, related some
of his personal experiences, showing
Third Unn)ersi$ "Y" Conference
the value of conserving and keeping "The Conference has done me a lot helped him ; that has aided him in get
track of time. These talks, and others, of good. It has given me the oppor ting a new grip upon life's problems.
were given at the various assemblies of tunity to get away from the city and will have an idea of the happiness and
the Conference and were appreciated by do some serious thinking." "I have value most of us received at this Con
everyone. gained many things that I had not ference. We returned feeling ready to
"The spiritual side of the Conference known before." "The Conference has set out anew, refreshed, determined to
was emphasized. 'Morning Watch/ a helped me in my personal life." "The make life count for the most, because
short service, was held daily. There biggest thing that it has done for me we realized that the real values of life
were prayers and hymns at each gen is the change of my views on religion. are founded in Truth, Character, Ser
eral session and at every meal. Each I have always been a Christian but not vice and Religion. We were very for
day an hour was devoted to Bible really religious. Now I think I can tunate in having Dr. E. A. Johnston-
Study, the whole crowd of boys being be religious and will be a better fellow Ross with us two of the days and he
divided into special groups. The lead because of it." These and many simi contributed much to our clearer and
ers, all Y.M.C.A. men, took up the lar statements were made at the clos better understanding of life's purpose.
subject of the character of Christ, ing meeting of the University Students Other leaders who were with us were
treating it in a fresh, practical way Christian Conference of 1923. Professor Romanzo Adams, Mr. Lloyd
which held attention and convinced Thirty-seven students and seven fac R. Killam, Mr. Galen Weaver, Profes
the hearer of His human qualities. ulty men and leaders spent the week sor D. L. Crawford, Professor K. C.
end, April 13-15. at the Palama Fresh Leebrick and Dwight Rugh.
"The discussion groups were a valu
Air Camp at Waialua, attending the The usual fellowship, games, sports,
able, activity of the Conference. Under
third annual University Students' Con personal contacts and "K.P." pleasures
different leaders the boys threshed out
ference. This is the second year the ran throughout the program lightening
personal problems of home or school
conference has been held by the Stu an otherwise heavy schedule. The pro
life. The Conference was so divided
dents' Young Men's Christian associa gram opened with a Camp Fire meeting
that each discussion group had repre
tion at the University. on the beach, with an inspiring talk
sentatives from every school in it. In
Any one who has attended a Chris by Dr. Ross, on "Life's Purposes."
this way each fellow learned what the
tian Conference which has inspired and Saturday started with a dip in the
other schools were doing, how they
May, 1923 THE FRIEND in
"Briney" for some. A period for the Church Service held at 11:30 a.m. religion." "It is encouraging to think
Morning Watch followed with an op This was held out under the trees on my problems are your problems."
tion between individual meditation or the beautiful ocean shore. Mr. Galen "This is the third time I have been to
small groups discussing the "Mean Weaver gave "us a challenging talk up University Conferences. The biggest
ing of Prayer" ; "Meaning of Service" ; on the "Place of God in our Lives." effect on me this time is made by Dr.
"Meaning of the Morning Watch" ; or 1 he closing meeting was one of hearty Ross' talk, and by gosh ! I find 1 am
the "Sermon on the Mount". Then fellowship in which we gathered around religious."
followed breakfast and camp chores. under the trees and each fellow spoke These statements and others were free
Group discussions were next in order. of something he had received from his ly made by students of six different
Three of these were held ; one on "Stu experience at the Conference. These races and all of us felt as one Filipino
dent Relationships"; one on "Choice of testimonies ranged from a closer fel student said, "I've found that you are
Life Work"; and one on the "Prob lowship with each other, to a vital a good bunch."
lem of Religious Education for Uni change in ones view of religious things.
It is interesting to note that the con
versity Men". Some mass games re These short testimonies from the differ
clusions and decisions made were sim
freshed us and added to our comrad- ent students were very helpful to us
ilar to those made at Student Confer
ship. Then Dr. Ross gave what was all and filled us with an understanding
perhaps the best talk of the entire con that was based upon Christian Brother ences on the mainland, in Europe, in
ference. He talked upon the "Place of hood. the Orient and even the Pan-Pacific
Religion in the Life of To-day." His Conferences held in Honolulu. The
Some of the statements made at this world vision, the conception of the
message went to the heart of each one
Round Table gathering were : "I now possibility of universal brotherhood,
of us. The happiness, joy, assurance,
realize how much the Haole boys are cooperation and justice was obtained,
faith and clearness of Dr. Ross's be
thinking of the Oriental boys and how personal responsibility and challenge or
lief seemed to overflow into our own
hearts and minds and helped us with much they are trying to further the service in regard to University and
our own difficulties, questions, and welfare of the University." "There community things was realized by all
faith. were people here I did not have much of us. With determination to face life
Following the lunch the afternoon respect for before. That was because more seriously ; with more freedom
was given over to resting, personal in I did not know them. Now my opin and faith in the practicality of the re
terviews, games, swimming and study. ion of them is changed." "In this Con ligious life and the consequences of
The evening meeting consisted of a dis ference the misunderstandings in my living it, and a real spirit of friend
cussion on Campus Policies, followed mind are cleared away. And I have no ship we returned from the Conference
by short talks by six students on the kick against the cook." "After this in the same frame of mind as one of
topic of why they had chosen the pro Conference I feel I have a greater who said, "The meaning of religion as
fession, they were studying for. The responsibility toward the University." interpreted to me here, has impressed
Sunday program was very much like "What Dr. Ross and Dr. Adams have me the most and I feel I have a better
that of Saturday in form, except for said have changed a lot of my views on outlook toward life."

E. O. Hall's Visit to Oregon Territon? in 1839

By Howard Malcom Ballon
MR. EDWIN O. HALL and his with the expectation of her being It was suggested by Dr. Judd and
fiancee, Miss Sarah Lyons Wil united in marriage with Mr. Edwin other physicians who had examined
liams, were appointed assistant mission O. Hall, this day appointed to the Mrs. Hall that a temporary sojourn in
aries of the A. B. C. F. M. by the Pru Sandwich Island mission." a colder climate would be beneficial to
dential Committee of the Board, in her health, and in 1839 an opportunity
Embarking December 5, 1834, on the
1834. arose enabling her to pass a winter in
ship "Hellespont" with six other mis Oregon territory.
In their minutes it is recorded :
"At the regular meeting of the sionaries comprising the sixth rein After the Oregon missionaries had
Prudential Committee, held at the forcement to the mission, after a voy found that their earliest ideas of in
Missionary Rooms, on Tuesday af age of six months, Mr. Hall and his structing the Indians in the Gospel by
ternoon, May 27, 1834, it was : bride reached Honolulu, June 6, 1835. teaching them English, without reduc
Resolved that Mr. Edwin O. Hall He at once took charge of the print ing their own language to writing,
of the city of New York be appoint ing office in Honolulu, relieving Mr. were not only impracticable but abso
ed an assistant missionary of the Rogers, who was transferred to the lutely impossible, they wrote to their
Board, and designated to the Sand branch printing office at the High brethren of the Sandwich Islands mis
wich Islands, to be employed as a School at Lahainaluna, Maui. sion asking if it were not possible to
printer in connection with that mis Mrs. Hall's health failed after a year have a second-hand printing press giv
sion. or two, as she became afflicted with a en to them. They also requested that
Resolved that Miss Williams, of serious spinal trouble, which prevented someone whom they would send from
the city of New York be appointed her from walking and kept her con Oregon might receive instruction in
an assistant missionary of the Board, fined all- day on her couch. the art of printing, and print on their
112 THE FRIEND May, 1923

own press a few small books from aries in their domestic concerns. The
manuscript sent on for the purpose. A FTER long controversy the persons in view are members of the
In reply to a communication from "^ identity of the missionary press Honolulu church, who in a certain
Mr. Spalding, the members of the Ha preserved in Oregon as a priceless sense devote themselves to the work
waiian mission at the delegate meeting relic of pioneer missionary days, is of foreign missions, and will go with
of June, 1838, voted : established by Mr. Ballou. There a design to help forward the cause.
"That we comply with his request now seems no reason for doubt in A man & his wife were sent last
to print small books for the Nez year, and we hear from them very
believing that the press sent to Ore
Perces missions and also forward a pleasing accounts. We hope these
few copies of scripture and other gon was a small hand press which who are expected to go now will
cuts ; also a Ramage press and small was donated to the mission here, prove to be equally devoted & use
font of types from Lahainaluna, at but not the original press brought ful."
the discretion of the printer there." out by the first missionaries in the
Rev. Hiram Bingham had greatly in
They suggested that instead of hav Thaddeus. The judgment of the terested his church, the Kawaiahao
ing a man sent on from Oregon, one of Hon. George R. Carter, the late Church of Honolulu, in the matter of
their own assistants could more advan R. W. Andrews and others is thus converting the Indians of Oregon, and
tageously be sent to set up the printing upheld. The original press on the previous year it had made a small
station there and to teach those select which the first Hawaiian printing present to assist the missions there.
ed to do the printing for the Oregon was done doubtless became in This year a subscription by the na
mission. This offer was accepted at capable of service after years of tive women of the congregation was
the next general meeting of the Ore
constant use and relegated to the used to defray the expenses of sending
gon Mission.
scrap heap, or, as would doubtless Mr. Hall and the little press to Ore
It was finally decided that as the
be more consistent with New Eng gon.
health of Mrs. Hall necessitated a visit
to a colder climate, Mr. Hall could be land thrift, its parts put to other use. In a letter written from Honolulu,
spared for a year to perform the re April 19, 1839, he informs Mr. Ander
quested service for the Oregon breth son :
duced to system that the proper pro
ren. portions can be sent for of all the "The church & congregation of
In a letter to the secretary of the letters. This will be done in the which 1 am pastor has recently sent
A. B. C. F. M. dated Jan. 26, 1839, Mr. course of a year or two." a small but complete printing and
Hall writes: Binding establishment by the Hand
From Honolulu, Mr. Levi Chamber
of Brother Hall, to the Oregon mis
"Mr. Spalding has sent me a small lain, the secular agent of the Hawaiian
sion, which with other substantial
elementary book in the Nez Perces Mission, writes to the Rev. R. Ander
language in order that I could see supplies amount to 444,00 doll.—The
son on February 11, 1839:
press was a small Hand press pre
the proportions of the various let "The health of Mrs. Hall has been
sented to this mission but not in use.
ters in putting up the type. He says feeble for a long time. A voyage to
The expense of the press with one
also, that he shall this winter prepare the region of Columbia River has
been recommended as a measure small font of type, was defrayed by
some others, so that they will be
promising benefit. An opportunity about 50 native females including
ready for me to print when I arrive.
I have accordingly put up our old now offers of a passage to Vancou Kinau or Kaahumanu 2d. This was
fount of Pica and Long Primer Eng ver in one of the Hudson Bay Com a very pleasing act of Charity. She
lish, and also the new fount of Eng pany's vessels, and Mr. Hall has con gave 10 doll, for herself & 4 for her
little daughter Victoria Kaahumanu
lish, received within a year or two. cluded to avail himself of it. He
The two former are nearly worn will take passage with his wife in the 3d."
out; but the latter is almost new, ship Nereide to sail in about a fort Leaving their little babe in the care
but a small fount, being all con night. We shall send by him about of Mrs. Dimond, Mr. Hall and his
tained in one case. This latter we 50 reams of paper, a small assort wife left Honolulu March 2, 1839, ar
can dispense with, with some incon ment of types and a card press, be riving at Fort Vancouver, the Hudson
venience ; and the two former are ing the one which was sent to this Bay Company's principal post on the
supplied with new founts recently mission some years ago, and for Columbia River, about April 10, 1839.
received. The Press designed to be which we have had no use. An express was sent to Dr. Whitman
taken is only a small hand, card, Mr Hall will make himself useful at Waiilatpu and to Mr. Spalding at
press, which was a donation to this to the Mission in the Oregon Terri Lapwai, Clear Water, that Mr. and
Mission, and came out with us in tory in various ways, and by putting Mrs. Hall, with F. Ermatinger as a
the Hellespont. I have had it put up this press and printing such little guide, would leave Vancouver on April
in order, by adding a frisket, points, works as the means which we are 13, with the hopes of reaching Fort
etc, and hope to make it answer the able to furnish will admit. His Walla Walla, April 30.
purpose till the wants of those mis passage and freight of goods will Mr. Spalding, in a letter begun at
sions shall require greater facilities be $250 payable here. He will prob Clear Water, March 5, 1839, informs
for the prosecution of that branch of ably take charge of two or more na Mr. Greene, the secretary of the A. B.
labor. The type, also, will probably tives of these islands who will go to C. F. M.:
do till the language is so far re- assist the families of the mission "April 22.
May, 1923 THE FRIEND 113

Since writing the above the Co.'s recommended by Pickering in his es Messrs. Smith and Rogers at Kamiah,
vessel has arrived from Honolulu say, "On a Uniform Orthography for he hastened back to his wife and baby
bringing Mr. & Mrs. Hall with a Indian Languages", was adopted and on January 28th, leaving Mr. Rogers to
press, small fonts of type, binding the Xez Perces first book reprinted, this complete the printing of the book.
material and a quantity of paper, all time enlarged to twenty pages. The On February 29, they left Waiilatpu
of which I believe is a donation to title pages of the two books are nearly on their return to the Islands, Dr.
this Mission from Rev. Mr. Bing identical, a little wider spacing between Whitman accompanying them as far as
ham's church and congregation. Also some of the words alone showing that Fort Walla Walla. They reached Fort
a quantity of sugar, molasses and the type was reset. Vancouver on March 6th, in three days
salt. Mr. Hall has come to this A month after reaching Lapwai, Mr. from Fort Walla Walla.
country on account of Airs. H's Hall was called to attend at Waiilatpu Mr. Hall evinced great disappoint
health, and while he remains will the funeral of Dr. Whitman's only ment, in a letter he wrote to the Rev.
put our press in operation and labor daughter, a child of but 2^4 years, who Rufus Anderson from Fort Vancou
otherwise as he may find occasion. was drowned June 23 while attempting ver on March 16, at the Jittle printing
Fort Walla Walla, May 3, Mrs. to get a drink from the river flowing he had been able to do for the Oregon
S. & myself arrived here 30 ult. & near their house. She was interred Mission, as he had been led to believe
Mr. & Mrs. Hall with the press, etc. June 29, the funeral being postponed that much more manuscript would be
safe 29. Hope to start tomorrow. to await the arrival of Messrs. Hall ready for him.
Mrs. Hall in a canoe, effects on and Spalding. In fact, no more printing was done
horses." The summer weather was extremely on the little press for nearly two years
After a week's rest, leaving Fort hot—much hotter than any they had after Mr. Hall's return.
Walla Walla, May 6, Mrs. Hall was experienced at the Islands—and Mrs. While waiting for an opportunity to
poled up the Snake River in a canoe by Hall continued confined to her couch, take ship for Honolulu, they made a
three Indians with setting poles, the as for two years past, not able to sit visit to the Methodist Mission at the
rest of the party riding on horseback up but for a few minutes at a time. falls of the Willamette, about two days
along the- water's edge, though some The annual meeting of the Oregon distant in a canoe, to call upon Dr. and
times obliged to make wide detours mission was held at Lapwai from Sep Mrs. White, who had spent several
where impassible bluffs came down to tember 2nd to the 5th, after which they months in Honolulu on their voyage
the river. The navigation was not accompanied Dr. and Mrs. Whitman to out to Oregon.
dangerous but tedious, as the distance their station at Waiilatpu, about six The account given of Mrs. Hall's
to be travelled was about 150 miles. miles from the present city of Walla call upon Mrs. White, the wife of the
They camped together at night and Walla, Washington. physician of the mission, in the book
took their meals night and morning in "Ten Years in Oregon, or the adven
Dr. Whitman had previously made
their tent. one journey to visit and prescribed for tures of Dr. E. White and lady," is
After a journey of eight days, in Mrs. Hall, though he writes that he amusing, though not entirely accurate
cluding one Sabbath when they rested, was unable to do any thing for her in all its details.
they reached Mr. Spalding's station at affliction on account of her approach "Mr. E. O. Hall and lady also ar
Lapwai or Clear Water, near the pres ing confinement. rived, bringing with them a small
ent city of Lewiston, Idaho, on May 14. At Waiilatpu they had the pleasure printing press, a present from the
Mrs. Hall was stronger than when of being waited on by two native Ha- Sandwich Islanders to the upper
she left Oahu, though her spinal affec waiians, Iosepa Mahi and wife, from mission, and a man and woman who
tion had not experienced any benefit Mr. Bingham's Kawaiahao Church, who were very pious, and cheerful in ren
from the change and voyage, as the had come to Oregon the year previous dering any service which they could
constant motion of the ship, boat, and to assist Dr. and Mrs. Whitman in their do most usefully. Their principal
canoe could not have been expected to domestic concerns. object in visiting the Columbia river,
produce a favorable effect on a disease On the fifth of November, 1839, Mrs. was to seek the benefit of Mrs. H's
of that nature. Hall gave birth to a daughter, whom health, which was very delicate. She
Arrived at Lapwai, Mr. Hall soon they named Caroline Alice, a healthy had not for years been able to walk
set up and printed on the little press child, though weighing less than nine any distance. Mrs. White's impres
a book of eight pages in an artificial pounds when a month old. sions were very curious as she wit
alphabet which had been devised by An attempt was made to bring the nessed Mrs. Hall's singular entry
Mr. Spalding, where the unneeded con press from Lapwai to Waiilatpu to ac into her house. Two Sandwich Isl
sonants were used to designate differ commodate Mr. Hall while printing the anders entered the house without
ent vowel sounds. third Nez Perces book, but on the first speaking or knocking, bearing the
This alphabet was soon found to be day of the journey the animal laden sick lady in a mat litter, and deposit
impracticable and impossible of use as with it fell down a precipice. It was ed their burthen unceremoniously in
no two missionaries would spell a word recovered not materially damaged, but the middle of the floor, from which she
alike and often the same man would was taken back to Mr. Spalding's. Mr. arose as unconcerned as though step
spell the same word differently. I fall was obliged to go to Lapwai on ping from the little carriage in which
The missionaries had been unable to January 20th to commence the printing, the ladies of the islands are usually
agree on any improvement, but by Mr. but after printing three or four forms drawn by a single attendant. After
Hall's judicious advice, the alphabet of an elementary book prepared by some weeks had expired, as Mrs.
114 THE FRIEND May, 1923

Hall's health was much improved, else. He wanted this told to Mr bushes in the well watered valleys and
and her husband had instructed the Bingham, saying, "He laboured with mountains, but he very carefully noted
missionaries in the art of printing, his hands to aid me while his heart the habitat of each variety in a way
they started for home, their depar went up to God. He had become that later on enabled him to make a
ture much regretted by their enter deeply interested in every thing that real contribution to evolutionary sci
tainers." pertained to the instruction of the ence.
Mr. and Mrs. Hall at length em Indians & in all the concerns of the The formal education at Punahou
barked on the barque Columbia, Capt. station. He was greatly beloved by was also expanded by a practical lab
Charles Humphreys, on the 19th of all who knew him & his death leaves oratory course in missionary pioneering
May, though they did not get finally a blank in our family not easily as he accompanied his older brother.
out of the river till June 3d. filled. A wise Providence has order Luther Halsey Gulick, on his opening
After a very quiet and pleasant pass ed it & we feel to acquiesce & say. of the mission to the Gilbert islands,
age of 21 days they arrived home on "The Lord gave & the Lord hath then being established by the American
the Z4th of June. taken away Blessed be the name of board in conjunction with the native
Mrs. Hall's general health was found the Lord."" churches of Hawaii. This was follow
to be considerably improved, but her About a year after her husband's ed by the seven years of formal train
local diseases were not materially bene death, the Hawaiian woman returned ing in New York and New England,
fitted. Mr. Hall reported his own health home when Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Smith at Williams College, where he was a
as being as firm as for years past. left the Oregon Mission for the Sand classmate of Washington Gladden, and
Some specie in Dr. Whitman's hands, wich Islands during the latter part of at Union Theological Seminary. Dur
amounting to $123, which to the great 1841. ing all of this period he kept up his
surprise of the Oregon missionaries The letters quoted from the three interest in natural history and attained
had been utterly refused by the ac Hawaiian missionaries, Messrs. Hall, some reputation as an authority on land
countant of the Hudson Bay Co. at Bingham, and Chamberlain, are ample shells.
Fort Vancouver, was sent to the Isl evidence that the little press taken by And now he is on shipboard, "a free
ands by Mr. Hall to be placed to the Mr. Hall was not, as claimed for so man." What did he do with his free
credit of the Oregon mission on Mr. long by the Oregon Historical Society, dom? After some difficulty he found
Chamberlain's books. the original Hawaiian press brought passage for Japan, deciding to go as a
Iosepa Mahi, the Hawaiian, died dur out by the first missionaries on the missionary there. He was absolutely
ing the summer following Mr. and Mrs. Thaddeus. Further refutation of this on his own responsibility, without sup
Hall's visit. He and his wife, Mrs. claim can be found in articles by the port or authorization by any mission
Maria Kevvua Mahi, had been two of writer, "The History of the Oregon board. He earned his way at first as a
the charter members of the original Mission Press," Oregon Historical tutor and incidentally made the first
Quarterly, March and June, 1922, and photographs ever taken in Japan and
Oregon Mission Church, being admitted
"The Identity of the Oregon Mission taught photography to the first Japa
by letter from the Kawaiahao Church
Press," Thirty-first Annual Report of nese to learn it.
at its organization on August 18, 1838.
the Hawaiian Historical Society, 1923.
Dr. Whitman, in reporting his death, His next step was to apply to the
thus eulogizes him : The press, preserved in Portland as American board for appointment as a
"Before the Annual Meeting of the a priceless Oregonian relic, thus loses missionary to Japan, but that society
Mission Iosapa Mahi our Hawaiian the intense interest to Hawaiians it had not as yet organized any mission to
was sick, but recovering he & wife would otherwise have had. Japan. The board did, however, show
accompanyed us to the Meeting. its personal confidence in John Gulick
After our return he appeared un by offering him a commission in any
usually well. We had done but little Missionary - Scientist Passes country where they had work in prog
towards cutting our wheat when he (Continued from page 109) ress. Thereupon, he chose China and.
was taken ill again but taking medi missionary from Japan, John Gulick for about ten years, lived a life of ad
cine soon recovered so as to be about found that, with the passage of the venturous missionary pioneering in
quite well but did not go to work. years and economic development of Kalgan—a frontier section of China
From some cause perhaps eating un Hawaii, it had become a modest for adjoining Mongolia. Here he and his
ripe melons he was taken again with tune, sufficient to keep him in comfort first wife literally wore themselves out
inflamation of the bowels, which in his sunset years. in laying foundations for Christian
proved rapid & incurable. He died But gold mining did not long fasci work, and came at last, weary and ex
August 8th leaving us to mourn a nate this boy with his Puritan inheri hausted, the wife herself to die, back
Brother & fellow labourer. tance and instinct for learning. So he to Japan.
His death was one of great peace returned to Punahou and to the aca Now began a quarter of a century of
& triumphant hope. After express demic training there added a scientific steady constructive service in Japan
ing his strong love, for missionaries discipline of his own by an indefa under the American board, whose work
& in particular to Mr Bingham Mrs tigable activity in collecting, classifying had now begun in that country, and in
Whitman & myself he said he came and studying the land shells of Hawaii. happy fellowship with his brother Or-
here to live & die for the good of He not only collected these fascinating ramcl and his wife and his sister Julia,
the Indians, & it was good to die and beautiful little shells produced by who were already there as missionaries.
here. He wished to die no where the mollusca growing on the trees and In 1880 he married again and Frances
 May. 1923 THE FRIEND 115

Stevens became his comrade and helper from Western Reserve and Oberlin, his outside ends is not much more than a
for all the remainder of his life. book on evolution having been pub good-sized ship's length. The immense
During all these years of missionary lished by the Carnegie Institute, he swells—peculiar to the vast southern
work, his recreation and relaxation came back home to Hawaii to spend a ocean—crash with imperious violence
came from nature and the prosecution serene old age until he died the other against the rocks placed by the hands
of his scientific studies. Appreciating day at 91. of men to halt their progress. The
the significance and accepting in gen And now, set free from the limita breakers, the morning I speak of, must
eral the Darwinian point of view, he tions of the body, I can imagine him have been twenty feet high—the glist
nevertheless, on the basis of his own saying as he said over 60 years ago : ening white spray was flung a hundred
independent researches, differed from "Have left all the world once more feet or more into the air. Our ship,
Darwin in his conception of the work . . . am a free man . . . return no like a great cork, rose and sank in the
ing of natural selection. John Gulick more to imperious society—no more tumultuous sea. We made directly for
has noted with deep interest the diver exacting study and care . . . rest the narrow opening. At times it seem
gent development of land shells' under . . . rest . . . rest . . . rest." But ed as if we would be tossed onto the
practically the same climatic conditions I am sure that the Master of all good cruel rocks of the breakwaters, but no !
but isolated from other species by the workmen will also set him to work The pilot was in command, he was
peculiarly steep Hawaiian mountain anew after the desire for rest has been acquainted with every danger, he knew
canyons and came to the conclusion satisfied, and there will be new voy the ground and sea to the very inch.
that natural selection alone was not a ages of discovery, new truth to explore At each critical moment we were guid
sufficient explanation of these varia and new opportunities to serve in fel ed into the deeper water and in a few
tions. To natural selection he added lowship with Christ, his Lord. minutes were in the quiet harbor where
what he called "the law of segrega no storm could harm us and perfect
tion." His conclusions, published in safety was secured.
scientific journals, won for him the Is the Pilot Aboard? As I leaned on the rail and watched
friendship of George J. Romanes, the Uy William C. Allen
the ship rise and fall whilst adventur
brilliant English scientist and follower WE had been almost one month on ing the narrow channel my mind re
of Darwin, who had independently de the ship between Sydney, Austra verted to the analogy between men
veloped views similar to those of Gul lia, and Durban, South Africa. There finding perfect refuge from the ever-
ick. had been a few stormy days—most of changing sea and the triumphant ter
It is interesting to note that John them had been clear and sunny. The mination of the Christian life. How
Gulick not only combined evolutionary waters had never been altogether still. similar they are. The follower of
science and missionary work without The huge rollers out of the south Jesus, like all men, has a mixed ex
losing his faith but was able in his swung our big vessel from side to side perience as, day by day, he journeys
correspondence to discuss these ques as they marched on their long, long toward the celestial port—the acme of
tions intimately with Romanes, who course from the Antarctic towards In his religious idealism, the ultimate
had for a time quite lost his hold on dia. There had been gaiety on board— achievement of his spiritual hope and
Christianity. When Romanes died his mirth, song and sports. There had been joy. His life is made of sunny days
posthumous book, "Thoughts on Re sorrow in our midst—anxieties, ill and cloudy days, there are periods of
ligion," showed that he had found the nesses, fears. A poor, despairing fire distress and storm, there is mingled
way back from agnosticism to religion man had jumped overboard the night gaiety and tragedy, but he voyages on
and there is reason to believe that John before we called at Durban. until his destination—the better coun
Gulick's clear-eyed reasoning was a I think all were glad because our try—is attained. The hour that death
major influence in his return to faith. destination would be reached on the shall overtake us is generally in the
Even Dr. Gulick's missionary col morrow. plentitude of divine mercy hidden from
leagues who could not accept his ad The following morning land was our eyes. Sometimes the shores of
vanced evolutionary views, recognized sighted. Those of the keenest vision eternity are seen a long distance before
his Christ-like spirit. One of them saw it first-—the misty headlands slowly we reach them, and the beautiful haven
said : "John is so deep that we can't taking form out of the restless sea. is only approached through the agonies
follow him, but he is so honest we can Then the engines ceased their rythmic and tossings of suffering and tears.
trust him." pounding and silence almost reigned Sometimes the thick mists that sur
Nor did Dr. Gulick's interests end in whilst the pilot climbed the shaky lad round us, in our everyday human ex
science and religion. Sociology, and der and walked up to the bridge, where periences, shield us from realizing that
especially problems of world peace in he took command. We knew that he suddenly—as lightening from a stormy
terested him and aroused his activity would guide the "Ulysses" through the sky—we shall be called into the unsul
when he was long past the age when dangerous channel into the still waters lied presence of God.
most men are responsive to new ideas. of the harbor, now so close to view. Be all this as it may, the paramount
He was a missionary, a scientist, a Soon our ship gathered headway and question must be answered by each of
sociologist, a world-Christian ! resumed her course. us—are we ready? Is the pilot aboard?
It is satisfying to record that John The entrance to the harbor of Dur Have we taken Jesus into our con
Gulick's adventurous life came to a ban is an unusually difficult one. Two fidence? Do we permit him to steer our
beautiful close here in Hawaii. Hav long breakwaters extend out into the little vessels according to his complete
ing received honorary doctor's degrees ocean and the distance between the knowledge of our material and spiritual
116 THE FRIEND May, 1923

needs and of the seen and unseen He'll Want to Drive Pleasure—Can controlling and modifying- the more ex
dangers that encompass us? If so, all he keep his appetites an' desires on the treme and bitter attitudes. Especially
shall be well. With him controlling right side of the road? Will he watch has this been true by the constructive
the wheel of our destiny no hidden his speedometer? He may think he can policies carried out through the Orien
rocks can wreck us, no seas of mis safely joy-ride down the Great White tal Missions Council, composed of Chris
fortune can engulf us. Soon, at the Way, an' put one over on the traffic tian leaders among Orientals on the
longest, we shall look back upon the cop. The church, home an' school have Pacific Coast. It is of importance that
fierce waters that have beaten upon us got a whalin' job, tcachin' the American Christian leaders throughout our land
and rejoice in the ineffable glory of the Boy to drive without wreckin' the car. should use every opportunity in influ
heavenly harbor—we shall be glad in Yes, the boy wants to DRIVE! encing public opinion and establishing
the infinite expansion of eternal ser J. F. C. Christian points of contact with all Ori
vice and love ! entals and especially with Japanese indi
Africa, 1923. viduals and communities in the develop
Waning Interest in Anti- ment of Christian and American ideals.
rpHE death of Mrs. Walter Scott on
Horse Sense Jonathan Japanese Propaganda -*■ January 22, 1923, was a great
THE CHRISTIAN leaders on the shock to members of her family and to
Hayseeds Pacific Coast indicate that the ex her many friends.
THE small boy on the front seat of treme attitude toward Japanese people Mrs. Scott was Mary Eleanor Rice
the auto suddenly lipped in : "Let has been moderated in recent months. before her marriage in 1902 and was
me drive, Daddy !" The Hearst papers no longer find suffi the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
Just what I'd of expected. From cient anti-Japanese sentiment to make William Hyde Rice. She was born
babyhood his fingers had been itchin' to good copy out of it. Both the Army in Lihue, Kauai, November 25, 1880.
twist the steerin' wheel an' honk the and Navy Boards of the Government She attended Punahou School and
horn. are decrying the alarmist talk. A re Mills College in California.
Satisfy that kid with a toy auto? No- cent decision by the Executive Staff to Mr. and Mrs. Scott lived in the vi
sirrree! He wants to handle a man's General. Weeks wholesomely indicated cinity of San Francisco for several
car. No use tryin' to dodge it—the that the acquiring and holding by a years and it was only last year that
American boy has got it bad: HE Japanese syndicate of a tract of ten they with their five daughters estab
WANTS TO DRIVE! acres of land at White Point, near San lished a home in Honolulu. Mrs. Scott
He's Achin' to Drive Dad's Dollars— Pedro, on the Southern California coast was a woman of radiant personality
They're more dangerouser 'n dad's car. constituted no danger to the national who is greatly missed in her home
The kid don't sense the good—or—evil defense of the United States. In con circle and by many friends.
power of one, more'n t'other. Start him scientiously promoting its own inter
a savin's bank account, to wise him to ests union labor has ceased to agitate
the power of thrift dollars. He must against the Japanese. A saner and more
learn, too, that squandered dollars mean truly American attitude is prevailing.
a smash-up for him an' others. Dollars The recent decision of the California
without an emergency brake are more Supreme Court declaring unconstitu
menacin' 'n runaway autos. tional the provisions of the Alien Land
It's in Him to Drive Men—He'll get Law by which "aliens ineligible to citi
up a baseball team, jes' to be captain zenship" were forbidden to act as guar
Next, he'll be captain in politics, indus dians of the agricultural lands of their
try, or mebbc crime. He'll want to American-born children, has so met the
drive men, for good or evil. Hut fust requirements of justice as to take away
he must learn to drive hisself—his tem the sting of bitter feeling aroused in
per, his jedgment, his ambitions. An the Japanese by the political agitation
untaught driver can't safely drive his of 1920. Another decision of the Court S. S. Convention in GlasgoxC
party in congress, or his labor union, or has also found unconstitutional the ten The ninth convention of the World's
ward organization, or the I. W. W. He dollars poll tax for all. aliens as con Sunday School Association will be held
won't know the traffic regulations. But travening the direct declarations of in 1924 at Glasgow. The sixteenth
the boy's goin' to drive, whether he's Amendment 14, as also the American- convention of the International Sunday
wise to the game or not. Japanese Treaty. The court also inter School Association was held in Kansas
He's Coin' to Drive Business—He'll preted the anti-leasing provision of the City in 1922, at which time 193,318
expect Dad to give him the wheel in the Alien Land Law as not forbidding schools were reported as operating in
store or office. Dasn't Dad do it? Has "crop contract" leases. At last, not a the United States with 1,974,271 officers
he taught the boy the dangerous curves day too soon, Lord Bryce's famous ad and 18,768,435 scholars.
ahead, an' the death's-head crossin's? vice to Baron Makino is being realized. In addition to the college and uni
Will he try to buck the through express "Trust America . . . for in the end versity courses, the summer assemblies.
at the grade crossin'? Jay Gould's sons she will do the right thing." and the regular Sunday Schools in the
tried to drive the Wabash R. R., an' The Christian leaders working among various churches, there are a great
slammed it up ag'in bankruptcy. Orientals have had large influence in many courses of Bible instruction pro-
May, 1923 THE FRIEND 117

vided by the Y. M. C. A.s

and Y. W. C. A.s in and
out of college, by Women's
clubs. Boy Scouts and
many other organizations.
But among the more re
cent activities along these
lines are two which can
not be ignored—the Daily
Vacation Bible Schools
and the Week-Day Relig
ious Schools. Of the lat
ter there are between 150
and 200 and of the former
between 1500 and 2000,
with an average attend
ance of 100. Philadelphia
had no less than 75 Daily
Bible Schools last summer,
with an attendance which
averaged considerably more
than 100. There are also
two Community Week-Day
Schools of Religious Edu
cation operated by the
Protestant denominations
of this city, one in Rox-
borough and one in Brides-
burg. Instruction is given
one day for one hour,
after public school has been
dismissed.
There are in this city
pHARLES REED BISHOP was born in the village of 1116 Protestant Sunday
\m ^ Glen's Falls on the Hudson and, losing both parents in Schools, of all denomina
early youth, made the best of his situation by applying tions, with a total enroll
himself diligently to whatever work fell to his hand. Yield ment of over 300,000 and
ing to the popular urge of that day, he set his face west a staff of 21,000 officers
ward. The "West" was not very far west of Chicago in and teachers. In view of
these days and he soon returned to Newburyport, found a the fact that the Educa
boyhood chum, Wm. L. Lee, and with him set sail around tional and Publication De
the Horn for Oregon. After a stormy passage of 84 days partments of four Evan
the leaking brig "Henry" dropped anchor off Honolulu
gelical Denominations—the
Feb. 23, 1846. Hawaii looked good to the boys and they
forgot Oregon. Mr. Lee became Chief Justice of the King Baptists, the Presbyterians,
dom of Hawaii and Mr. Bishop engaged in general mer the Lutherans and the Re
chandising, serving also in governmental affairs, and later formed Church of the
founding the Bank of Bishop & Co., where for some time United States—are located
he simultaneously filled all positions from janitor to in this city, it is probable
cashier. that from Philadelphia
more religious literature of
one kind and another is
The Bank ofBishop& Co., Ltd. I
i
mailed out every day than
from any other city in the

Ii Oldest Bank in Hawaii

(Established 1858)
a world.

In the early history of

Total assets over $16,000,000.00 the public school move
ment, religious education
was provided side by side
with instructions in letters
and numbers. Likewise,
in the beginning of the
118 THE FRIEND May, 1923

Sunday School movement, children

were given a certain amount of secu
lar instruction along with their relig
ious education. In course of time it he- The American Missionary Association
came increasingly clear that, in a de 287 4th Ave., New York, N. Y.
mocracy such as ours, with a citizenry
composed of people of every race and Co-operates with the Hawaiian Evangelical Association by an annual
of all creeds, the church and the state appropriation to the Hawaiian Board and by mainland publicity in the
interest of better understanding and larger fellowship with the churches
should be kept seperate and religious
of the Territory of Hawaii. It solicits from the churches of the Hawai
education and secular education defi
ian Evangelical Association a sympathetic study of its nation-wide work
nitely and permanently divorced. and systematic contributions to its funds for carrying on that work.
Write for pamphlets and suggestions for mission study to
Rev. George W. Hinman, Pacific District Secretary,
423 Phelan Building, San Francisco, Cal.

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 THE FRIEND -**-

Sidney L. Gulick Sa})s:

"I return to America with a deepened sense of the
urgent necessity for maintaining right and friendly re
lations with both Japan and China. These are mighty
nations with which America is to maintain relations of
neighborhood for a thousand years. We can have them
for friendly neighbors if we will, but that depends pri
marily upon America. We must get rid of the white
race pride and arrogance that are altogether too common.
And we must remove all differential race legislation from
our laws."

"Experiences in China and Japan"

By Dr. Gulick in this issue

Next Month-
Hilo Boarding School—Kohala Girls'
School Number of The Friend.

HONOLULU JUNE, 1923 HAWAII

126 THE FRIEND June, 1923

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII. JUNE, 1923 No. 6

Experiences in China and Japan

By Sidney L. Gulick, D. D.
THE Washington Conference on in order to secure thoroughly accurate
Limitation of Armament marked an Churches of America to the churches and adequate information as" to present
important turning point in the relations and Christians of Japan, Korea, China conditions, with the hope that on the
of America with Japan. For several and the Philippines. Dr. John H. Fin- return to America, the writer might be
years preceding the Conference, there ley, Chairman of the Commission on able to render service in promoting a
was a rising attitude of suspicion in International Justice and Good Will, better understanding in America of the
each country of the other and many together with the writer, were appoint Far East and its problems. The writer
were confidently expecting war in a ed to render this service. The writer consequently was steadily searching for
not distant future. That attitude of went rather early in order to have op facts. Wherever he went and with
mutual suspicion and growing ill-will portunity for special study of Far East whomever he met, he was constantly
was changed as a result of the Confer ern problems, and to make the pre asking questions that would throw light
ence. Few, if any, in either country, liminary preparations before Dr. Fin- on present conditions and international
now regard such a disaster as at all ley's arrival. In consequence, however, attitudes. The material he gathered in
probable in the near future. of the debacle in Turkey, it proved im this way, adequately reported, would fill
This fine result is ordinarily attribut possible for Dr. Finley to get away. many an extended article. Even a fair
ed to the statesmanship of President The writer, therefore, had to carry summary would be entirely too long for
Harding and Mr. Hughes. Beyond ques- through the program alone. The of a single article. The writer, however,
ton these leaders had much to do with ficial visit did not begin in Japan until may record a few of the more outstand
it. But it is not generally known how the first of February. The writer, of ing impressions made upon him by this
large a factor the Federal Council of ficially representing the Churches of wide and rather prolonged experience
Churches in America was in securing the -Federal Council, met official repre in the Far East.
this result. In co-operation with other sentatives of the churches in the re (1) In China, the outstanding event
national religious organizations, it put spective countries, and in many cities. was the first Annual Meeting of the
on several months of earnest campaign Opportunity was given him of speaking National Christian Council. This im
ing. Letters were sent to 120,000 at many union church services, and also portant Council is the official represen
churches, inviting all the pastors to ob before business groups and in colleges tative of practically all the churches
serve Sunday, June 6th, 1921, as "Dis and universities. The total number of and mission boards. A new period is
armament Sunday." A petition signed addresses delivered in the four coun starting in the Christian movement in
by 22,500 ministers of all denominations tries was 29(3— 155 of them in Japan China. The churches are developing
was presented to President Harding, and 109 in China. into a compact body that is grappling
Tune 20. Then did public opinion be During these months of travel, the with the question of Christianizing
gin to be pronounced and the President writer met hundreds of missionaries, na China. They are becoming self-con
began to see how strong was the public tive pastors and representative Chris scious. They wish to determine their
demand for an International Conference tians. In Japan he was also welcomed own goals and methods. From now on,
that would do away with the competi by business and official leaders and was the foreign missionary will recede in in
tive naval building programs of the na often asked to speak on American-Jap fluence and control and the native lead
tions. anese relations. ership will become increasingly ascen
Perhaps the strongest single factor in While the main purpose of this visit dant. Perhaps the most important
the United States making for the suc to the Orient was to carry the message single action of the Council was the
cess of the Conference was the joint of the churches of America and to tell establishment of a Committee on Inter
campaign of the churches. This cam of the new aggressive campaign that is national Relations, through which the
paign was continued until the nine starting so wholesomely for the abso Churches of China shall be able to
treaties were ratified and America's lute abolition of war, through the crea study International questions, speak on
earnest desire for a better world was tion of International institutions for International matters, and co-operate
thus officially recorded. justice, and through the cultivation of with the Churches of other Nations in
Shortly after that happy event the better International understanding and the program of the Church Universal
Federal Council of Churches decided to good will, yet a secondary purpose was for a warless world.
send a special commission to the Far to study with care the actual situation, (2) China is passing through a period
East to carry the greetings of the particularly in Japan, Korea and China, of storm and stress in manv directions.
128 THE FRIEND June, 1923
Clear thinkers distinguish at least three ful wireless station that had been main leaders and particularly the government,
great revolutions now in progress : tained there for several years (b) in the have no thought of pressing for immi
The Intellectual Revolution, by which complete restoration of the- Shantung gration. They realize that any consid
the mind of China is rapidly turning railway to China, and also of the leased erable immigration of Asiatics into
from an unscientific and superstitious territory of Kiao Chow- Few Chinese American territories produces serious
mediaeval attitude toward Nature and seem to appreciate what these actions problems and therefore as a friendly
the Universe, to a modern scientific on the part of Japan really signify, but Nation they are not asking it. But they
viewpoint ; no doubt as the years pass, her students do ask that those Japanese who are law
An Industrial Revolution, in which and leaders will do so and will develop fully in the United States shall be treat
mass production by steam driven ma a better attitude of mind toward Japan. ed on the basis of equality with other
chinery is dispossessing the old system (6) In Japan the growing power of races. Anything less is humiliating.
of hand-crafts. This is breaking up the the Liberal movement is highly promis They ask for no special privileges or
old order of society and bringing with ing. Japan's new policies in China, in consideration.
it many dangers both to individuals and Korea, and in Siberia, are the results of (10) So far as the writer could judge
to society; this new fairly dominant Liberal move from conversations and observation the
A Political Revolution has set aside ment. In response to repeated inquiries,
Japanese Government is faithfully earn
the autocratic monarchial system which the writer was uniformly informed that ing out the letter and also the spirit of
ruled China for three or four thousand whatever changes may take place in the the Washington treaties on naval build
years, and is in process of building up a Cabinet, the new policies toward China ing programs. The people are eager for
democratic China. and Korea will stand unchanged. They
further reductions. The army was re
Three revolutions of such profound are based upon the will of the people,
duced by over 50,000 troops last sum
character, proceeding simultaneously, and do not depend upon the desires of
mer, and a powerful movement is de
could not fail to result in serious dis a single clique of politicians.
manding that the army be cut in half.
orders of many kinds. Years, it may be (7) With regard to the Washington (11) A leading group of Japanese stu
a decade or two, or even three will be Conference, there was widespread dis dents of American-Japanese relations feel
needed before we may at all rightfully appointment in Japan because it did not that the Washington Conference has dis
expect a new and orderly China. go far enough. Many of the leaders closed a method for dealing with Inter
(3) Naturally there is much pessim told the writer that they would have national difficulties that should be uti
ism, especially on the part of foreign been glad to have seen capital ships al lized in connection with American-Jap
traders and foreign official administra together abolished. He was uniformly anese relations. They are accordingly
tors. The writer, however, found many told that the people of Japan were proposing the establishment of a Joint
evidences of a fundamental optimism greatly relieved when it became clca'' High Commission, to study all remain
held by the vast majority of the mis that a possible war with America had ing questions in the relations of these
sionaries. These foreigners have op been definitely averted. two countries, which Commission shall
portunities for intimate acquaintance (8) Another disappointment widely be instructed to make constructive prop-
with the best elements of the new China felt in Japan in regard to the Washing positions to both governments and peo
that is coming up, and while they are ton Conference was due to the fact that ples, for the fundamental and final so
not blind to disorders and difficulties although Japan has done and is doing lutions of these problems.
of the present period, they have con everything it can to promote right re (12) The writer returns to America
fident expectations of a great and lations with America, having accepted with a deepened sense of the urgent
splendid China that will come into being at the Washington Conference substan necessity for maintaining right and
in the decades ahead. Bandits and tially every proposal made by America, friendly relations with both Japan and
bankruptcy are no doubt serious, but nevertheless the Anti-Japanese campaign China. These are mighty nations with
they are passing phases of the life of in America is continuing. They had which America is to maintain relations
China and should not be over-empha earnestly hoped that this development of neighborhood for a thousand years.
sized. of better International relations and at We can have them for friendly neigh
(4) The Washington Conference was titudes would result in the abandonment bors if we will, but that depends pri
an epoch-making event for China. While in America of discriminatory legislation marily upon America. We must get rid
many Chinese have failed to appreciate and humiliating treatment of Japanese. of the white race pride and arrogance
the advantages it brought, yet many (9) Whatever may be the desire of that are altogether too common. And
others are realizing more and more that the common people concerning immigra we must remove all differential race
the decisions of the Washington Con tion to America, it is clear that the legislation from our laws.
ference mark a new attitude on the part
of the nations toward China, and are
making it possible for China herself to
take control of her own destinies and to Passing through Honolulu on their way to the mainland for a furlough,
work out her own salvation. Rev. and Mrs. Rowland M. Cross spent ten days in profitable publicity for their
work and for China's Christian need. Although besieged with invitations to
(5) Particularly promising is the new
speak, as missionaries for Central Union, they gave first consideration to re
attitude of Japan toward China, as re quests from that church. Mr. Cross, with a graphic account of his student work
vealed (a) in the withdrawal of more in Peking augmented with pictures, took the evening service on Sunday, June 24.
than one thousand troops from Han while Mrs. Cross at an evening reception given in her honor, brought interesting
kow, and the dismantling of the power glimpses of the work in which she is engaged.
June, 1923 THE FRIEND 129

experience as a teacher, athletic coach,

Kamehameha School Administration army officer and business man, Mr.
Midkiff begins his career, at his new
location, with bright prospects for a
Changes successful administration. His many
friends will watch his progress with
BY THE resignation of Mr. Ernest was able to contribute his share to the interest and best wishes for a prosper
C. Webster as president of the Ka social and religious welfare of the city ous and happy life at Kamehameha.
mehameha Schools to become associat life, and in his visits among the islands,
ed with a manufacturing concern in succeeded in getting in touch not only
Hartford, Connecticut, that educational with the graduates and former students Des Moines Scene of Big
institution has lost a leader who has of Kamehameha, but also with the mcxn- C. E. Meet
done much in the upbuilding of the
schools. Mr. Webster came to Hono WITH a downtown hotel capacity
lulu in the summer of 1914 from New of 15.000 and eating houses enu;n-
Haven, Connecticut, where he had been ped to feed 15,000 people at once, the
associated with the Connecticut Com city of Des Moines, Iowa, is planning
by means of residence hospitalitv
pany (electric lines) for the larger por
make at least 25,000 Christian Endea-
tion of his time since graduating from
vorers comfortable from July 4 to
the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale
July 9.
University in 1904. Having had this
A chorus of 500 picked singers is
training in practical engineering, he was
now rehearsing in Des Moines for a
amply qualified to develop the shop
series of sacred choral entertainments.
work and the industrial phase of the
A group of 500 Des Moines Christian
educational program at Kamehameha
Endeavorers and 100 singers is prac
School for Boys. The satisfactory
tising "The New Life," a great religious
progress made in the past nine years
pageant which is to be presented in
in this department is proof that Mr.
connection with the convention. Five
Webster was the right man for the
hundred Boy Scouts and Camp Fire
place. Perhaps the most satisfactory
girls are drilling for a special program
achievement of his administration has
on the 4th -of July.
been the creation of the high school de
East will meet West at this meeting
partment which was inaugurated three
for local registration committees have
years ago. President Frank E. Midkiff
made reservations for Christian En
Not only has the school manifested deavorers from the Orient, from Eur
growth and improvement in its curricu agers of sugar estates and others prom ope, South America, Hawaii, the Phil
lum and its equipment under Mr. Web inent in the industrial enterprises of ippines, Canada and all parts of the
ster's leadership, but there is a patent this Territory. United States.
strengthening of the esprit de corps, The best wishes of his friends and William Jennings Bryan, who attract
in which gratifying result, Mr. Web acquaintances throughout the islands ed the attention of the entire world to
ster has had the able assistance of his will accompany Mr. Webster as he sails the general Presbyterian Assembly this
splendid faculty. Not only in the Man July 21st for his new home in Hartford. year, has definitely wired his acceptance
ual Department, but also in the school That same expression of aloha and to speak before the 29th Christian En
for girls and the Preparatory Depart good will goes out to Mrs. Webster deavor convention.
ment, is this same progress to be noted, and their four children with the hope Roger W. Babson, world's greatest
and it must be a source of satisfaction that they will return some day to Ha statistician, in the limelight at the
to Mr. Webster to know that his faith waii and again call this land their home. present time because of the attitude
ful work of the past years and his care he has taken in regard to the United
The trustees of Kamehameha were
ful attention to the multitude of details States' government's foreign trade pol
fortunate in securing as a successor to
involved in the administration of his icy, has been invited to attend the
Mr. Webster, a man of such training
office have borne abundant fruit. Christian Endeavor convention and has
and character as Frank E. MidkifF. A
In his contacts with the community graduate of Colgate University, a teach tentatively accepted.
outside of the schools Mr. Webster has er of some years experience. Mr. Mid President Warren G. Harding and
endeared himself and will be missed by kiff came here ten years ago as instruc W. L. MacKenzie King, prime minister
those who were fortunate enough to tor at Punahou and made an excellent of Canada, may visit Des Moines some
have known him and appreciated his record at that institution. During the time between the 4th and the 10th of
sterling qualities. There are sufficient world war he served as officer in the July.
responsibilities and time-consuming du First Hawaiian Infantry, stationed at Other dignitaries who have wired
ties connected with his position of presi Schofield Barracks. He then entered tentative acceptances are Gipsy Smith,
dent of Kamehameha to keep him abso the service of Lewers & Cooke from John R. Mott, Henry Churchill King,
lutely tied up to the cares and needs of which concern he resigned to become president of Oberlin College, Ozora S.
his own institution, but Mr. Webster president of Kamehameha, With his Davis, president of the Chicago Theo
130 THE FRIEND June, 1923

logical Seminary, Hugh S. Magill, gen and Prof. H. Augustine Smith, director a tradition alien to your own. Have
eral secretary of the International Sun of the Fine Arts department of Boston you ever noticed how a like appoint
day School Council, John Kelley, gen University. ment thrilled the breast of the Apostle
eral secretary of the Scottish Sunday Sherwood Eddy has promised to Paul ? How frequently he recalls the fact
School Association, Rev. Ira Landrith, come from Italy. Rev. Lionel Fletcher as with an ever fresh astonishment that
extension secretary of the United So has sailed from Scotland on his way to he was called to be a teacher of the
ciety of Christian Endeavor, E. P. Gates, the Des Moines meeting. Rev. Francis Gentiles—of the religiously unprivi
general secretary of the United Society, Clark, president and founder of Chris leged alien and stranger of his day?
Daniel A. Poling, associate president, tian Endeavor, will be there. How many men came after him and lie-
fore you, who have carried on the glor
ious work !• Of the missionaries and
Pastor of New Young Peoples' Churck martyrs who founded the Christian
Church in Southern Europe, of the
Installed Apostles of the Cross in what is now
Germany and France and England, of
ON Sunday, May 27th, in the Mis P. Erdman and Dr. G. A. Johnston
men like Ulifilas and Ansgar, of Augus
sion Memorial Hall, a most signifi Ross, of Union Theological Seminary,
tine and Patrick, of Columba and Ni-
cant service was held. Mr. Galen R. gave the charge to the Pastor, Rev.
nian and Beda ; of Francis Xavier
Weaver, a graduate of Union Theolog N. C. Schenck the charge to the congre
and John Eliot ; of Verbeck and Mor
ical Seminary, was ordained to the gation.
rison ; of the heroic fathers and moth
Christian ministry by authority of the A goodly number of ministers, repre ers of New England who first evange
Oahu Evangelical Association. senting several nationalities, took part lized these shores and of their heri
Mr. Weaver was called by the Ha in the ordination ceremony with the tage, you, by a thousand channels
waiian Board of Missions to become laying on of hands. which you cannot trace, are an heir
pastor of the International Church, Rev. Mr. Weaver comes to this new and successor, and your work has be
which the Board is organizing, to min field well qualified by past experience hind it the undying momentum of these
ister especially to the English-speaking to deal with young people and he has God-driven lives. My brother, magni
young people of Honolulu, who as yet the privilege and honor of developing fy your office, not that you may be
have no Church affiliation. a new and epoch-marking work preg inflated with pride ; but that you may
The Constitutional questions were nant with wonderful possibilities. be awed and heartened by the consci
propounded by Rev. H. P. Judd, the
ousness of the sheer power that lies
ordaining prayer was led by Rev. John J. P. E.
behind you.
And mark you, though I have spok
Notes of An Address to Mr. Galen R.Weaver en only of your Christian heritage, this
Office goes farther back than that.
From the very morning of the world,
At His Ordination from the very beginning of corporate
By G. A. Johnston Ross, D. D., Union Theological Seminary aspiring life, men have set certain per
MY dear brother, I am deeply grate fact that they had been brought up with sons apart to be their agents, repre
ful for the honour of being in an impoverished and inadequate con sentatives, mediators in spiritual things,
vited by the Oahu Evangelical Associa ception of the ministry. They had in dealing i.e. with the unseen powers
tion to take part in this service and to seen some of its routine duties per which men everywhere have felt press
deliver to you the pastoral charge. formed passably by well-meaning but ing upon them. The very ubiquity of
My only title to this honour is that mediocre persons, and had come to feel these ministries and priesthoods, how
I was one of your teachers in New that with a little training these duties ever crude they were, bears witness to
York and had opportunity there to see would not be so very difficult. So they the fact that their origin is ultimately
something of your extraordinarily suc themselves when they came into the in God, in that Life beyond us which
cessful work with an international ministry proceeded to continue the per is ever calling to us, and our poor re
group of students : a work which now, formance of such duties imitatively, sponse to which we call religion. Far
in the retrospect, appears as a Provi without vision and without awe ; and up in the heights of Godhead, my
dential preparation for this solemn the outcome has been a life of soulless brother, rises ' the office to which you
hour, and for the task to which you are routine, facile, dull, fruitless and un are today assigned; for it is the Divine
this day dedicated. happy. All because they had not be Heart that you are to mediate to men.
Of all the things which as I look gun by seeing the holy ministry in its And do not be alarmed at that word
back on my own ordination 1 wish had true perspective, in the dignity of its 'mediator.' In the deepest meaning of
been effectively impressed on me. none origin, and issues and goal. that word. One Only can be Mediator
I think is more important than this ; First, I bid you think of the august between God and man ; and no man
that a young minister should have a background of this office to which you may intrude upon His lonely work.
worthy, ample, reverent view of the are today set apart. You have been But mediator you certainly are to be
greatness of his office. called to be an interpreter of the Gos in the sense of 'interpreter' ; and inter
I am quite sure that 1 have seen pel of Jesus Christ to a congregation preter not only by word but by per
young ministers handicapped by the mainly composed of young persons of sonality. To no ecclesiastical priest
June, 1923 THE FRIEND 131

hood do we set you apart, but of all this. I question if anywhere he had a of the New Testament than has been
the Latin words for Priest I like best larger congregation than you ; but he rendered by Dr. Moffatt's recovery of
"Vates" which means 'interpreter.' It looked through them to the completed the true emphasis in Paul's famous
is the very essence of your work that church which he saw them serve. words in 2nd Corinthians 2-16: "Who
you are to be interpreter of God, the Set no limits, my brother, to your is qualified for this career? / am, for
loving God, to these young people. joyful hope of just these lads and I am not like most, adulterating the
And you are to do it in two ways. women. The Lord Jesus is to be made word of God: like a man of sincerity,
(1) By the Word, the everlasting known to the great half wakened like a man of God, I speak the word in
Gospel, which you are this clay licensed Orient by such as these. There will Christ before the very presence of
and charged to preach. It will be arise many Ernest Fujinagas from God."
yours from this day on, by daily study among these boys; many a Michi Let your work be transparently sin
to discover for yourself the fullness of Kawai San from among the girls. Re cere ; give the word as you receive
that Gospel. You know well that that gard them from the first not as your it; and for the rest so speak as stand
fullness is not given in the mere em hearers only but as Christ's servants
phasis of the moment in theological ing face to face with God in Christ,
whom you are encouraging to do a
thought. The Gospel of Liberalism is judged by the sunlight of His pres
work of which the final result may not
deplorably thin in places and unsatis be less than the ingathering of half ence and fearing Him you need fear no
fying; the Gospel of Conservatism is the earth into the fold. When you are other. May the God of peace, that
hampered by the barnacles of tradi tired and weary with detail, rest your brought again from the dead our Lord
tion. There is an Everlasting Gospel. eyes by a look at the far horizons and Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep,
and its fullness it will take you all see as Paul did the Bride of Christ through the blood of the everlasting
time and all eternity to make your making herself ready for her husband. covenant, make you perfect in every
own. But you business is to search Finally be of good cheer. Tremen good work to do his will, working in
and appropriate element after ele dous as your task is, there is power you that which is wellpleasing in His
ment of the Divine Heritage that to make you sufficient for it. No great sight, through Jesus Christ : to whom
you may feed your people with the er service has been rendered to readers be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
finest of the wheat. In your study
you are to be breadwinner for this
people and in the pulpit bread distri Maui Celebrates Centennial At Lahaina
butor. You will find it no easy task to THE entire Island of Maui as well of the town and terminated at the new
harmonize this duty of presenting to as Molokai was represented in the park where under the auspices of the
your people a fullorbed message with Centennial celebration which was held Lahaina Out-Door Circle a new banyan
the equally binding duty of presenting at Lahaina on Saturday and Sunday, tree was planted to commemorate the
it from your own angle. Yet the task June 2nd and 3rd commemorating the hundreth even as the present wide
must and can be accomplished. The arrival of the first missionaries and the spreading tree marks the 50th anni
Word of God that is to come through establishing of a mission station at versary of the coming of the mission
you is to come through your appropria Lahaina. About 60 people came from aries. Interesting features in the pa
tion of it, it will be a new message, Molokai while Hilo and Honolulu were rade were the many floats representing
your Gospel. In nothing be bolder both well represented. the early events in mission history, pa-u
than in this. No man has ever per While the exact day of the landing riders, the schools, boy scouts and girl
fectly anticipated your face and out of Messrs Richards and Stuart and scouts, with the Paia band in the lead.
look and gifts. Your voice is yours their families was on May 31. 1823, the Alumni of Lahainaluna school of the
and no others. It is your own gift anniversary of which fell on Thursday, classes of 1868-69-and 75 as well as
that you lay at God's feet. (2) But the committee decided to give two days more recent graduates were a feature.
further the message of life here is to for the celebration and named the fol The parade was one of the most suc
be mediated through your personality, lowing Saturday and Sunday. The cessful ever attempted on Maui, and
both limited and enhanced, defined and program began with a large out-door started from Mala exactly on schedule
enforced by what you are. No greater meeting under the big banyan tree in time.
mystery is there than this procession Lahaina's public park which was ad On Saturday evening the members
of the Christian faith from life to life. dressed by Rev. Stephen L. Desha of of the Wainee church gave a concert
And no greater responsibility. It is Hilo and Hon. W. O. Smith of Hono in the Lahaina Armory depicting scenes
this that truly sets you apart even while lulu. Many of the old missionary fam in old Lahaina which was witnessed by
you mingle with the full life of your ilies were represented in the audience. an audience that taxed the capacity of
people and keep yourself in the full Those of Maui and Molokai including the large building.
air of their world. You are to them Baldwin, Alexander, Dibble, Armstrong, On Sunday at 10:30 services were
a lens through which they are to see Rice, and Hitchcock, and of the other held in the Wainee church with special
God. islands, Smith, Judd, and Chamberlain. choral numbers by the Wainee choir,
But do not let the terror of this re The addresses were historical and remi the Molokai chorus and the Paia church
sponsibility daunt you. Project your niscent of the earlier days of mission choir. The principal address was giv
thought away from yourself to your ary activity. In the afternoon at 4 en by Rev. Henry P. Judd and appears
people and what they may become. o'clock a parade started from Mala elsewhere in this issue. Other ad
Your forerunner St. Paul habitually did wharf, passed through the main street dresses followed by Rev. Henry K.
132 THE FRIEND June, 1923

Poepoe, Rev. S. P. Kaia of the class waii nei. We cannot fully appreciate the voyage to see us established at our
of '68 Lahainaluna, and Rev. S. L. the effect of the missionary effort put station, embarked with the queen Keo
Desha. The church was beautifully forth in the past hundred years unless puolani for Maui. Our designation
decorated and the service was largely we know something of the pioneers was so unexpected, and departure so
attended, completely filling the church that brought the light of the Gospel sudden, that we had scarce leisure to
from floor to gallery. A splendid luau of Jesus Christ to these shores, what turn a thought on the separation about
completed the program of the day manner of men they were, what spirit to take place from our fellow laborers,
which was under the direction of Mr. animated their minds and hearts, what or to cast a glance of anticipation at
Pali and members of the Wainee motives directed their work and what the posible trials that might await us.
church. To them the chief credit is achievements actually fruited from in a distant and solitary district of the
due for the successful carrying out of their labors. islands ....
the two days' program. Three years after the first mission "We had been on board scarce an
E. E. PLEASANT aries arrived in the group, it was de hour before the polite and kind atten
cided to commence Christian work on tion of those under whose immediate
Maui. The second company had come and express patronage we had em
barked, made us almost forget we were
Early Da^s of Christianity on the "Thames", entering Honolulu
not still in the bosom of our beloved
harbor on April 29, 1823. Among the
On Maui number of missionaries on board that friends. Our hearts became more than
ship were Rev. and Mrs. Williams ordinarily elated, in the belief that
By H. P. Judd
Richards from Massachusetts, Rev. and "unto us is this grace given, that we
Address delivered at Centennial celebra
tion, Sunday June 3. Mrs. Charles Samuel Stewart from New should preach among the Gentiles the
Jersey, and Miss Betsey Stockton who unsearchable riches of Christ," and in
<<mHERE is nothing that solidifies the evening, while a splendid moon
-L and strengthens a nation like had been born in slavery.
gave a softened beauty to the receding
reading of the nation's own history, Hiram Bingham, leader of the Hono promontories of Oahu, and brought to
whether that history is recorded in lulu mission, wrote thus in his history : light the distant shores of Molokai and
books, or embodied in customs, insti "Keopuolani, the king's mother, Lanai, overtopped by the loftier heights
tutions and monuments." So spake whose heart the Lord had opened, leav of Maui, we found ourselves almost in
Joseph Anderson in outlining the his ing Waikiki and being about to em voluntarily chanting, in the confidence
tory of the Soldiers' Monument in bark from Oahu with Hoapili and the of hope, the favorite anthem:
Waterbury, Connecticut years ago. young princess for a residence at La- "Wake, Isles of the South! your re
There is nothing that will not only haina, appraised us that she must have demption draws near :
solidify and strengthen us, representa a missionary to speak the good work
tives of the Christian forces on Maui, No longer repose in the borders of
and pray with her. Kalanimoku, Cox,
and all other Christians as well, but Keoua and others desired that mission gloom,—etc.
also inspire us to unselfish living and "Previous to our embarkation, we had
aries might be located at Lahaina. The
greater zeal for the Lord, more than to mission immediately assigned Messrs. but little opportunity to judge, from
read the thrilling story of Christian personal intercourse, of the degree of
Stewart and Richards to that port."
missions on Maui from the beginning civilization to which the chiefs have
of this remarkable work until more re The company embarked on "Cleo attained in minor points, and we were
patra's Barge" or "Haaheo o Hawaii" somewhat surprised at the ceremoni
cent days.
Some of this history has been re (Pride of Hawaii) on May 28th. It ous attentions paid us. Immediately on
corded in books ; some has become em so happened that Mr. Stewart was in reaching the vessel, we were informed
bodied in ennobling customs, in help the habit of keeping a journal, and we that the after-cabin was appropriated
therefore are fortunate in having pre exclusively to our use; though there
ful institutions, in imperishable monu
served for us some account of the early- were not less than two hundred per
ments.
The early history of the mission has days, some insight into early conditions sons on board, many of them high
been made ; it is a closed chapter in and a highly instructive record of the chiefs, with their particular friends:
the great book in which are recorded actual work of the missionaries in the and we had hardly cleared the harbor,
the worthy deeds of men, but the forces form of this journal of Mr. Stewart's, when the steward waited on us, to know
from which we shall quote freely, in what we would order for dinner, and
for righteousness set in motion a cen
order that we may obtain this intimate at what hour it should be served.
tury ago on this island still move on
and in their forward sweep, keeping view of the momentous days of first "Mr. Allen had sent us a fine ready-
things, and hence be able to appreciate dressed kid, with some melons for our
pace with the progress of the world
intelligently the labors of the pioneer passage; and Mrs. Bingham had kindly
in every phase of human activity, are
missionaries on Maui. prepared coffee and other refreshments,
making for the richer and larger de
velopment of the life of the people and Now we turn to that part of the but our table had been so regularly and
for the upbuilding of the Kingdom of journal concerning the initial voyage to comfortably spread, that our basket ot
God. Maui. cold provisions remained untouched
We cannot rightly read the history "On Wednesday, May 28, 1823, Rev.
of our own islands unless we include and Mrs. Wm. Richards, Rev. and "We are now becalmed under the lee
in our reading, the chapter pertaining Mrs. Chas. S. Stewart, with Wm. of Lanai, within less than a mile of an
to the founding of Christianity in Ha- Kamahoula and Mr. Loomis, who makes inaccessible precipice several hundred
Tune, 1923 THE FRIEND 133
feet high, the base of which is lashed the reception of our families .... the services repeated in the afternoon ;
with heavy breakers. We had the hope Early in the afternoon our whole num and the queen requested us not only to
of reaching Lahaina tonight, but now ber were comfortably and quietly set worship God with her thus on the Sab
fear that we shall not before sometime tled in the midst of his luxuriant bath, but to attend prayers regularly
tomorrow. grounds. with herself and daughter every morn
"Lahaina, Island of Maui, Satur "The thick shade of the breadfruit ing at sunrise and every evening at sun
day evening, May 31, 1823:—After a trees which surround his cottages, the set.
very rough, but splendid night, at sun rustling of the breeze through the "Monday, June 2nd. Our schools
rise this morning, the wild mountains bananas and the sugar cane, the mur have today been commenced, one at the
that overhang the district of Lahaina mur of the mountain streams encircling establishment of each of the chiefs in
were in distinct view, and we advanced the yard, and the coolness and verdure company with the queen, and one also
rapidly to the anchorage. The settle of every spot around us, seemed in con at the house of Keoua, the governor,
ment is far more beautiful than any trast with our situation during a six making six in number : that of Keo
place we have yet seen on the islands. months' voyage, and four weeks' resi puolani and Hoapili, her husband ; that
The entire district, stretching nearly dence on the dreary plain of Honolulu, of the Princess Nahienaena ; of Wa-
three miles along the sea-side, is cov like the delights of an Eden; and hinepio, the sister of Kalaimoku, and
ered with luxuriant groves, not only of caused our hearts to beat warmly with Kahekili, her husband ; of Kaiko and
the cocoanut, the only tree we have be gratitude to the Almighty Being- who his wife Haaheo; and of the governor
fore seen except on the tops of the had brought us in safety to the scene
mountains but also of the breadfruit of our future labors, and had at once "Tuesday, June 3. After evening
and of the kou, on ornamental tree, re provided us with so refreshing an prayers at the queen's, we took leave of
sembling at a distance a large and asylum." Kalaimoku and his party, who shortly
nourishing, full, round-topped apple According to Bingham, "On further after went on board the barge, to re
tree, while the banana plant, kapa and acquaintance with Lahaina, Betsey turn to Honolulu. Mr. Loomis also
sugar cane are abundant, and extend Stockton remarked that tho it had been left us. The only object of Kalaimoku
almost to the beach on which a fine compared to Eden, she thought it more in visiting Lahaina was to escort Keo
surf constantly rolls. The picture pre like the land "East of Eden." puolani who, being the highest chief
sented is purely Indian in all its fea by blood in the nation, receives every
Before dark, the chiefs had all our
tures, from the bare and lofty trunks mark of honor and affection from the
effects landed and secured in the store
of the cocoa-palm, with their tufted government and people. At this inter
house of the governor, while our priv
summits nodding like plumes in the view he appeared more kindly disposed
ate baggage was brought to the house
breeze, to the thatch of a rude hut here than ever, repeatedly taking us by both
we occupy by the attendants of the
and there peeping from beneath the hands, as a token of peculiar tender
queen. Early in the evening, a supply
broad leaves of the plantain and the ness, and pressing them to his bosom.
of ready-cooked provisions, with vege
richness of more lowly growth—the He told us the queen would continue
tables and fruits, abundantly sufficient
whole forming a delightful foreground to provide for us as she had done.
for the Sabbath, were sent to us by
to the noble exhibition of mountain Our table has been bountifully furn
different individuals .... ished every day from her store. . . .
scenery in the distance.
Sabbath, June 1. "Early this morn Pigs, hogs, fowl and goats have been
"On coming to anchor, Kalaimoku ing a messenger came to inform us that
expressed his regret that there was no sent constantly by one person or an
Keopuolani, the princess and chiefs, other. No congregation in America
house at the disposal of himself or were waiting for us to come and wor could in this respect have received a
queen, suitable for our accommodation : ship with them. We accordingly has clergyman, coming to administer the
and wished us to procure a temporary tened to the beach, to erect an altar to word of life to them, with greater hos
residence with Mr. Butler, an Ameri the true God, where heretofore idols pitality, or stronger expressions of
can established here, till houses could only have been served . . . About good-will.
be provided for us by Keopuolani. three hundred and fifty persons had "Thursday, June 5th. Found leisure
Under the guidance of Mr. Loomis, Mr. encircled the tents, pitched for the tem this morning to take a cursory survey
Richards and myself accordingly land porary accommodation of the queen, in of the settlement in which I am now a
ed for this purpose. We were soon a grove of kou trees near a brick build spiritual instructor. The first view of
met by Keoua, the governor of La ing now used as a storehouse, but once it from the sea and anchorage gives
haina, to whom I delivered a letter of the residence of the late king when he too favorable an impression of its
introduction from his friend Laanui at visited Maui. We have seldom wit beauty ; and the appearance of great
Oahu, and proceeded in search of the nessed a more orderly and attentive luxuriance which it exhibits does not
plantation of Mr. Butler. audience. expose the rude and imperfect cultiva
"We found his enclosure pleasantly "A portion of Scripture was read tion of the natives ....
situated about a quarter of a mile di from the Tahitian version by Taua, a "The width of the district from the
rectly in the rear of the landing place, Tahitian Christian, assistant missionary sea toward the mountain is from one-
and were received by him in a kind and to Mr. Ellis, who is attached to the half to three-quarters of a mile. The
friendly manner. When acquainted retinue of the queen in the capacity of whole extent included within these
with our object in coming to Lahaina, private instructor and chaplain,— after boundaries is perfectly level and thick
he proffered every assistance in his which other appropriate services were ly covered with trees and various vege-
power, and tendered his best house for performed. The chiefs desired to have ( Continued on page 136)
134 THE FRIEND June, 1923

"I Can Remember Robert Louis Stevenson"

FROM the pages of this new book about all sorts of things, but what The most interesting event of Ste
(Frederick A. Stokes Co.) scintil seemed to be uppermost in his mind, venson's stay here, at that time, to his
lating pictures of "R. L. S.", that man at that time, connection with Scotland, fellow-countrymen, was the talk lie gave
of magnetic charm and literary genius was the theory, exploded soon after us at the Thistle Club. Meeting him on
are thrown. wards, about his being descended from the street that day, I asked him what
The book is a compilation of remin Rob Roy Macgregor. In this genealo he was going to tell us in the evening:
iscences from persons all over the world gical mood, he assumed that I was "I have not the slightest idea," was his
and tap a source of vivid and personal connected in some way with the great reply. But when the time came he had
information. Rosaline Masson, to Clan Chattan, and professed to be dis no hesitation in announcing his sub
whom the inspiration for the book appointed when I told him my father ject, "That long drawn-out brawl en
came after the anniversary dinner of was a Yorkshireman. He said he had titled the History of Scotland," and
the Robert Louis Stevenson Club in known or known of one Catton before, surely the "brawlers," Wallace, Bruce.
Edinburgh in 1921. and to whom the an assistant to Professor Tait, at the Queen Mary, Prince Charlie, and many
task of compilation was assigned, uses University of Edinburgh, about the others, were never treated so ironical
this metaphor to describe the memories year 1867. ly, all excepting John Knox, "a name,"
which came to her in response to her I got him to talk about his books a the speaker said, "I should never pre
letters of request : bit, which he did in the same uncon sume to mention in jocular manner."
"They have seemed like a kind of ventional way that he discussed other We made him Honorary Chieftain
cinematograph,—a series of sudden pic matters, and almost in the third per of the Thistle Club of Honolulu and
tures flashed onto a screen,—switched son. I had then just read The Beach gave him a silver thistle to wear, which
off, but always with the central figure of Falesa for the first time, and, on my he wore to the day of his death, and it
that of R. L. S. 'frail and gallant and telling him how much I enjoyed it, he was buried with him !
slender', with his magnetic eyes and said, "Yes, I never enjoyed reading The "lecture" was delivered on the
his indomitable smile." anything more than that and the writ evening of Wednesday the 27th of
Among those to whom Miss Masson ing of it was capital fun." I spoke of September, and on the following Wed
declares herself especially indebted, is David Balfour then being published in nesday, I went to see the "Lecturer"
Mr. Robert Catton of Honolulu, "who the Weekly Scotsman, and said I could at what was then the Hotel SansSouci.
has been actively sympathetic in the n't get the full benefit of it in that and found him sitting up in bed, smok
whole project and has put me into touch shape, which seemed to please him for ing a cigarette and reading a novel.
with contributors in Hawaii, California he said, "It is but a poor book that "What's matter, sick?" I asked. "Yes."
and elsewhere." one can be content to take in weekly he said, "I have a sharp spell of some
Mr. Catton's extremely interesting numbers." confounded kind of fever and can't gel
contribution to the book is quoted On our way to the Royal Hawaiian about yet, so I'm trying to make the
herewith : Hotel we passed by the Palace Grounds, best of it here. It's a grand oppor
"I can Remember Robert Louis Ste where something political was going on ; tunity for reflection, but I need scarce
venson." It was in 1889 that he first those were the days of Provisional Gov ly say that I don't do any reflecting at
visited Honolulu, and stayed here about ernment which intervened between the all." During our half-hour's chat. I
six months, finishing The Master of Monarchy and the Republic—later the asked him if I couldn't lend him some
Ballantrae and getting acquainted with Territory of Hawaii—and was termed, books- He asked me what books I had,
King Kalakaua and many more of the colloquially, by the "man-in-the-street" and selected Carlyle's Essays, which 1
residents, prominent and otherwise ; but the P. G. Government. I remarked, sent him next day and now I can turn
it was not till September 1893, on the "Those Royalists and P. G.'s remind to Carlyle's estimate of Voltaire's after
occasion of his second visit, after the me a good deal of Wiltshire and Case." life pecuniary condition which "by one
death of Kalakaua and the deposition "Yes," he replied, "especially Case." means and another . . . raises his
of his sister, Liliuokalani, from the Coming from Samoa where he had income from 800 francs a year to more
throne of Hawaii, that I got to know identified himself so closely with the than centiple that sum," and find the
him. A mutual friend, the late Allen natives, he was not in favor of annexa following R. L. S. note on the margin :
Herbert, brought him to my office one tion, by the United States, of these "80,000-3200? I doubt ye, T. C." In
day to meet a "brither Scot," and af islands, and said he was afraid he would the Dr. Francia essay, the author says.
forded me an hour or more of exquisite have to write about it. That would "After all, brevity is the soul of wit !
enjoyment. His extreme physical deli have been worth reading and I en There is an endless merit in a man's
cacy was only too apparent at first couraged the idea, from the literary not knowing when to have done," and so
sight, and evoked an emotion of pity, the political point of view ; but when on throughout a short paragraph ;
but that was all dissipated as soon as I mentioned it again, he said he thought R. L. S. says, "Et Toi, O Tammas?"
he began to talk. We talked of Edin he had better stay with the Samoans And further on, in the same chapter,
burgh and of my native village, Aber- and leave the Hawaiians alone, believ some of the writer's theories are char
dour, well known to Edinburgh people ; ing, apparently, that he had enough acterized as "drivel." I was showing
we talked—he talked I should say. aboriginal work in hand at home. (Continued on page 137)
 Historic Land-Mark To Be Razed
IN THE announcement that the build coat of arms. The completion of the near where now stands a towering
ing which has been in use for sev house was the occasion of elaborate monkey-bread tree.
eral years by the Central Grammar festivities,—a formal house-warming, The feast was spread upon the flower
School is to be torn down this summer ball and luau, to which all the white garlanded mats of fern, and the serv
to make way for a modern school build population of Honolulu, eligible to ants stood in their places, awaiting the
ing is the re-echoing tragedy which such an honor, were asked, with the arrival of the hostess, the King and his
concurs with the passing of old Ha entire court and many good Hawaiian suite. When they came the Princess
waii and the establishment of the new. families not included in the court circle. found a party of ill-bred foreigners al
This interesting building, for many In the Quadrille of Honor at the ball ready seated, having failed to show
years a landmark in Honolulu, was for the Princess Ruth danced with the King, their hostess the respect to which she
a period the high school building. wearing a dress of rich yellow brocade was entitled. When she saw them she
Originally it was Keoua Hale, the with a train the prescribed three yards was very indignant and insisted upon
and a half in length. Mrs. Bishop returning to the house but was finally
private residence of Princess Ruth and
(Bernice Pauahi) also took part in the induced to overlook the incivility, the
the scene of many royal functions of
quadrille, enjoying it thorough', laugh offenders very properly taking their
note. A brief history of its building,
ing heartily as her cousin and the King leave.
and the house warming which marked
went through the intricate figures, the Almost immediately after these events
its completion, is quoted from "The
Princess being a woman of great size the Princess Ruth became very ill and
memoirs of Hon. Bernice Pauahi Bish
and weight. was ordered by her physicians to
op" by Mary H. Krout :
Kailua on Hawaii. She did not benefit
In the spring of 1883, the Princess Keelikolani had much of the spirit
by the change, living only a short time.
Ruth Keelikolaui built a handsome resi of her Kamehameha ancestors, with all Mrs. Bishop was with her at the time
dence, "Keoua Hale," on Emma street. their generosity, and always resented of her death. Her remains were
It was in the French style of architec any lack of respect due their race and brought back to Honolulu and lay in
ture with Mansard roof, broad lanais, rank. This was shown once during the state in the great drawing room at
from which lofty flights of steps led house warming festivities, and with "Keoua Hale" for three weeks during
down into the gardens, and a large good cause. which all the native marks of respect
drawing room, upon the ceiling of The luau had been prepared native accorded to chiefs of high rank were
which was emblazoned the Hawaiian fashion, and was served in the grounds observed.
 June, 1923
136 THE FRIEND
desolate aspect ; and after passing either marked the cheerfulness and animation
Early Da^s on Maui point, the eye is met only by a barren with which the numerous natives en
(Continued from page 133) sand-beach occasionally interrupted by gaged in their work, performed their
tation .... It everywhere ap heaps of black lava, to which the wild task,—though it has cost them already
pears only like the neglected grounds dashings of a heavy surf add double many days of hard labor in the moun
tains and will detain them still many
of a deserted plantation. There is no gloom.
uniformity or neatness to be seen, and "Saturday night, June 7th. The first more from their families and planta
almost everything seems to be growing week of our residence at Lahaina is tions while we heard one and another
in the wildness of nature. The bread completed; and few missionaries have on every side saying to us as we
ever been more highly favored in form passed, "Ka hale a ke Akua," "ka hale
fruit trees stand as thickly as those of
an irregularly planted orchard, and be ing a station, far from every abode of pule," "maikai," "nui maikai"—"the
neath them are kalo patches and fish civilization and piety, than we have. house of God," "the house of prayer,"
ponds twenty or thirty yards square, The Lord hath dealt kindly with us, by "good," "very good"—our thoughts and
filled with stagnant water, and inter disposing the hearts of the queen and our hopes hastened us through the
chiefs to the most friendly and gener spiritual darkness of the present time
spersed with clumps of the kapa tree, to that period of light and gladness,
groves of the banana, rows of the ous attentions. "when the Lord's house shall be estab
sugar-cane, and bunches of the potato "Our table has been constantly and lished on the tops of the mountains,
and melon. All these flourish exuber bountifully spread by our benefactress
and shall be exalted above the hills,
antly from the richness of the soil alone, . Preparations are already
and all nations shall flow unto it."
with but little attention or labor from made for the speedy erection of our "July 4. We were made happy by
the hand of man. dwelling-houses, and timber is collect the arrival at Lahaina this morning of
"It scarce ever rains, not oftener, we ing for a chapel and school-house, all our highly valued friend, Rev. Mr.
are told, than half a dozen times during by the liberality of the same interest Ellis. He came from Oahu in a
the year; and the land is watered en ing personage .... schooner with the queen-dowager Ka-
tirely by conducting the streams, which "Who will assert that instruction to lakua, and is on his way to Hawaii.
rush from the mountains, by artificial these is thrown away, when morning, On August 7th our families removed
courses, on every plantation. Each noon and night they may be found, from the plantation of Mr. Butler to
farmer has a right established by cus spelling and reading and writing; and the mission houses prepared for us by
tom, to the water every fifth day. The whether in their houses or in the grove, Keopuolani on the beach.
pathways which are very narrow, are whether strolling on the beach or, 1 "August 21st. Descried a number
usually along the sides of these water might almost add, sporting in the surf, of sail in the early part of the day ap
trenches. making their books and slates their in proaching Lahaina from the leeward
"The number of inhabitants is about separable companions? of Lanai ; and judged them to be the
two thousand five hundred. Their "Wednesday, June 18. A messenger Kauai fleet, bringing Kaahumanu and
houses are generally not more than from the queen came to our cottage king Kaumualii, who were expected
eight or ten feet long, six or eight feet very early this morning, desiring Mr. from Oahu. In the course of the after
broad, having one small hole for a Richards and myself to go to the beach, noon, three brigs and two schooners
door, which cannot be entered but by to make a definite selection of a situ anchored in the roads. They were ex
creeping, and is the only opening for ation for the missionary establishment. ceedingly crowded with people, so much
the admission of light and air. They On going down we found the timber so, as to have not only the decks, but
make little use of these dwellings, ex on the ground, and a large number of the chains, bowsprit and tops, filled,
cept to protect their food and clothing, men, from a distant district, waiting and to cause the natives as they passed
and to sleep in during wet and cold for directions where to put it up . . . our yard, constantly to exclaim, "pau
weather; and most generally eat, sleep "Our kind patroness remained on the loa mai,"—"everybody has come." We
and live in the open air, under the ground till we ourselves left it for soon ascertained that a large number
shade of a kou, or breadfruit tree. breakfast ; and constantly addressed us, of chiefs, besides Kaahumanu and Kau
"The land begins to rise rather and spoke of us to the people by the mualii had arrived; Kalaimoku and
abruptly about three quarters of a mile affectionate appellation of "sons." suite, Naike and Kapiolani, Laanui and
from the sea, and towers into lofty "June 20. In all external things Namahana, Auna, the Tahitian chief,
mountains, three rude elevations of here, there is a sameness, morning, and his wife, etc.
which, immediately east of Lahaina, are noon and evening, day and night. . . . "Auna and Laanui took tea with us:
judged to be from four thousand five True, the weather is perpetual June; after which, accompanied by Mr. Bing
hundred or five thousand feet above we have no rain, no storms, no lower ham, we called on the rest. They were
the level of the ocean. From the first ing clouds and all immediately around partaking of a profuse supper of baked
swell of the rising ground, almost to is perennial verdure; but there is a meats, soups, fish, poi, ship bread and
the summits of these mountains, there death-like silence and want of anima tea ; and scattered along the beach in
is nothing to be seen but the most tion in everything. temporary accommodations surrounded
dreary sterility and sunburnt vegeta "June 23. The first humble temple by hundreds of the splendid torches of
tion, intersected by gloomy ravines and for the worship of "Him who dwelleth the kukui nut, made quite an imposing
frightful precipices. between the cherubims," ever founded appearance. Kamehamalu was seated
"Every part of the island seen from between these dark mountains, has to at her writing-desk in the open air,
Lahaina wears the same forbidding and day been commenced. While we re- (Continued on page 138)
June, 1923 THE FRIEND 137

life beyond the grave. To give you a It brings back to us the words of the
QT\e Need of me Gospel clear idea in regard to the spiritual Master, saying, "For I was hungry,
in Asia yearning in Asia, let me quote to you and ye gave me to eat; I was thirsty,
By T. WadUna the following statement from Eric M. and ye gave me to drink ; 1 was a
North in the "Kingdom and the Na stranger, and ye took me in ; naked,
This essay won first prize in the
annual contest conducted by the junior tions" : "Out of the griefs of separa and ye clothed me ; I was in prison and
class of the C.W.I. Mr. Wadhana, the tion from loved ones, out from con ye came unto me. Inasmuch as ye did
author, is of Siamese parentage and is fused imaginings of hope and fear, it unto one of these my brethren, even
believed to be the only native of Siam
in Hawaii.
comes the last cry, 'If a man die, shall these least, ye did it unto me."
he live again?' " Friends, are we justified in turning
TO FULLY understand the great Through such pictures as these one our backs to Asia's all-embracing need
need of the Gospel in Asia, one cannot fail to see the great need of of the Gospel, and letting the poisonous
must necessarily know something about some mystic and superhuman power, streams of life flow from bad to worse?
the situation in that great continent. which is the assurance of peace and Shall we not give God a willing heart,
The remarkable change that has been rest. By the misguiding principles of a willing hand, and a willing "Dollar"
wrought in the life of the Asiatic these heathen religions, such as I have to make it possible for those dying
countries, through the light of Christian mentioned, men and women of Asia souls to taste of the Living Water?
civilization, is one of the greatest his have been misled to put more emphasis
torical events that ever took place. As on the morrow and thus disregarding
Europe through the Renaissance, dur the significance of today. Is it not be I Can Remember R. L. S.
ing the 15th Century, made a complete cause their eyes have been closed to the (Continued from page 134)
change of her life, from the Middle light of Truth? Is it not because of those notes to a friend and his wife one
Age to the Modern, so Asia through the the lack of the transforming Gospel of
evening, when he turned to her and
great awakening that took place about the Lord Jesus Christ? Is it not be said: "Just think of it, Grace! Carlyle's
ten years ago, has passed from the old cause they have not the key to unlock
era to the new. Again, as one looks at Voltaire annotated by Stevenson!"
the doors of their hearts, and let Christ
Asia through the lens of the Mission When her husband did not return to
come in? What would America have
Study of today, one finds that the mis Samoa as he had intended, Mrs. Ste
been without Christianity? What will
venson came up to take care of him, and
guiding principles of heathen religions, Asia be without the Gospel? Christ
such as Confucionism, Buddhism, Hindu effectively put her foot down on the
is the only hope for Asia. What would
ism, are to a very large degree giving proposal, to which he had good-natur
you have been without Christ? Then
way to the fundamental and uplifting edly assented, of repeating his "lecture"
what will men and women of Asia be
on Scotland, or saying something else,
principles of Christianity. With these without Him? I wonder if it isn't a
features before us, we can readily see to a larger audience. They sailed for
challenge to the Christians of the West,
now that Asia today is in a plastic con Apia about the end of October 1893,
to you and to me, to step in and have
dition, capable of being molded into after Stevenson had been some six
a part in the building up of a new Asia.
almost any shape. But whether Asia weeks in Honolulu, and I never saw
Then I wonder if we have not a little
of tomorrow is going to turn out better him again; her I got to be well ac
bit of love to give them a gleam of
or worse depends very largely upon the quainted with, and among my most
light and hope. "The world is dying
Christians of the West. valued possessions are "A Letter to Mr.
for a little bit of love."
We must not forget that Asia has Stevenson's Friends, for private cir
If there is anything that I know of,
her burdens to bear and problems to which can meet these problems, it is culation," and a photograph of that
solve. Prominent and worthy of men the' Abiding Gospel that we have. It tomb on the summit of Vaea, with these
tion among these burdens of Asia are speaks to us with such calm authority, words written on the margin, "Robert
the spiritual burdens. 1 shall not take and if given opportunity, it will like Catton, his friend and mine, with much
time to go into the details, but I would wise speak to those dying souls in Asia. affection from Fanny van de G. Ste
rather bring out just this particular It will raise them into the presence of venson."
one, which to me is very important,— the eternal realities. It will guide To my slight acquaintance with him
that is the burden of sin. As one trav them, uplift them, and aid them in whose initials R. L. S. are, according
els in Asia he will frequently come every walk of life. It will speak to to Margaret Ogilvy's son, "the best be
across multitudes of people at the va them a pure language of warning, com loved in recent literature," I am in
rious shrines, standing with upraised fort and guidance. It will be to them debted, not only for the privilege of
hands and prayers on their lips to their a key that will unlock the doors of making this trifling contribution to his
gods of stone or clay. Men and women their hearts to Christ. memory, but also for acquiring, as cor
in Asia are living in spiritual illiter Friends, what our neighbors in Asia respondents, several of his friends who
acy, in darkness, in despair, and in the need most today, is not philosophy or knew him much better than I did. I
horror of an unknown future. But we science, but the message of Jesus, which shall mention only Alison Cunningham,
must remember, also, that in some re has placed upon you and me, this very who was as pleased to meet one who
mote corner of every human heart, and stern responsibility of facing the op had known "Lou" as I was delighted
even in the hearts of men and women portunity squarely and faithfully. to know "Cummie." I have a 3x4
in benighted Asia, there is this undy Through the light of the study of photograph of a group on the back of
ing human hope of something higher, Missions, we cannot close our eyes to which she has written, "Meant for me.
nobler, and more profound, which is this great need of the Gospel in Asia. photographer's wife & children. Of
138 THE FRIEND June, 1923

course it is just a snapshot" ; and in •f misunderstanding on so interesting may prove interesting. He writes: "On
most of her eight or ten letters that I an occasion Happily Mr. Saturday, March 13th, 1824, the natives
have preserved, she refers to dogs— Ellis arrived just in season, and the were all seen in busy preparation for
generally "doggies," saying in one of dying woman was thus publicly ac an impending storm. Some were prop-
them that they are "the only friends knowledged as a member of the visi ing houses, to guard them against the
that never grieve us till they leave us." ble church. The king and all the heads violence of the wind and others were
of the nation listened with profound spreading their mats on the roofs of
attention to Mr. Ellis's statement of the houses to keep out the rain ; an
Earlj) Da^s On Maui the grounds on which baptism was ad abundance of both being universally ex
(Continued from page 136) ministered to the queen ; and when they pected and on account of the frailty
saw that water was sprinkled on her in of the native habitations, as universally
preparing a letter, by the light of the
the name of God, they said "Surely dreaded.
torches held by several servants, to be
she is no longer ours. She has given Late on Saturday evening the dread
sent express to the king, now on the
herself to Jesus Christ. We believe she ed tempest commenced. It was a se
windward side of Maui, to inform him
is his and will go to dwell with him." vere one, indeed. Our proximity to
of the arrival of Kaahumanu and Kalai-
An hour afterwards, near the close of the ocean added a sublimity to it, or
moku. They were all in high spirits
September 16th, 1823, she died." rather a terror, altogether beyond any
and seemed greatly to enjoy the meet
ing which had taken place. Prayers The usual customs on such an oc thing we had ever witnessed. In con
were made at their particular request, casion had been forbidden by the queen sequence of the wind's blowing from
with separate groups in three different herself and by the prime minister. It the sea, the tide and waves rose much
places, before we returned home. was deemed expedient to allow the higher than usual. As the waves
usual wailing and it did not entirely dashed on the shore, they sounded like
"Sabbath, August 24th. Thinking it
cease until after the burial. The fune echoes to the loud peals of thunder,
a favorable opportunity for opening the
ral was conducted in a quiet and or while the bright flashes of lightning
chapel, while Mr. Bingham and so
derly manner, with a sermon by Mr. gave to the surf the brilliancy of fire.
many of the chiefs are with us, we had
Ellis on the text, "Blessed are the dead The rocking of our houses, like a ves
the house prepared yesterday and gave
which die in the Lord." Thousands sel before the wind, together with the
notice that the public services of the
gazed at the solemn procession on its loud screams of the natives, which we
Sabbath would be held in it. Mr.
way to the tomb and it was declared heard in every direction, led us to think
Bingham accordingly preached a dedi
that the influence of that death and that all was not safe. The rain too
catory sermon : text, "This is none
burial has never ceased to be felt by poured through the roofs of our houses,
other but the house of God, and this
is the gate of Heaven." Seldom have the Hawaiian people. and in a few moments the mats, which
we seen any house filled with a more It is difficult to attempt an evalua constituted our floors (or carpets) were
crowded and attentive audience. The tion of the work of the pioneers, but all on float .... The whole sur
chiefs appeared greatly interested in we must at least set forth s.ome state face of the ground was so completely
ment as to the early missionaries on covered with water, that it could hardly
the sermon and exercises."
Maui. be distinguished from the ocean itself,
Our limit of space does not allow us
The names of Stewart and Richards except by the waves of the latter, which
to quote more from this most interest
naturally come first, for they blazed dashed impetuously on the beach . . .
ing journal by the Rev. Charles Samuel
the trail as pioneers ; rather we should On Sabbath morning our house would
Stewart, depicting in an intimate and
say that they laid the foundation stone hardly have been recognized as the
interesting manner, the story of the
of Christianity on Maui and that they dwelling of human beings."
early days of the mission in Lahaina.
An event took place that summer and their honored associates and suc Thus Mr. Richards writes of the
that was of more than ordinary im cessors erected thereon the structure generosity of the chiefs : "Having tried
portance. Queen Keopuolani was taken of Christian institutions,—the church, in vain to procure a better site for
seriously ill in August and the chiefs the home, the school,—which have re building, I communicated to the people
began to assemble from all over the sulted in the transformation of the life my intention of removing from the sta
islands. "She was anxious to receive of the people since that eventful day, tion as soon as the rainy season should
Christian baptism, but there was no May 31, 1823, which we are here today commence. The public excitement on
missionary then at Lahaina sufficiently in this fashion commemorating. the occasion was such as convinced us
conversant with the native language, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart continued to more than ever that our pupils were
to venture on administering the rite, labor in Lahaina until October, 1825, sincere in their professions of friend
for the first time, in the presence of so at which time they returned to the ship. I have since learned that several
large a proportion of the national in States, taking with them Betsey Stock prayer-meetings were held and a num
telligence," wrote Rufus Anderson. ton. Their departure after but two and ber of letters written to the chiefs at
"Messrs. Stewart and Richards had not one half years of service was due to Oahu on the subject.
even a competent interpreter. They re the ill health of Mrs. Stewart. By their Nearly all the chiefs of distinction
garded her as a fit subject for baptism, going away, the sole work of the mis were absent from this station ; those
but were unwilling to administer the sion was conducted by Mr. and Mrs. who remained, made us such offers as
ordinance without some means of com Richards until 1827. they could. In one letter to Kaahu
municating with her and with the peo Some pen-pictures from reports of manu, it was written,—"We do not ask
ple, so that there might be no danger Mr. Richards to the American Board you to give land to our teachers ; we
June, 1923 THE FRIEND 139

only wish you would permit us to give couver, "the royal palace." Back of "June 11, 1826. Sabbath. Last eve
them the land, which you have given our houses and inclosed in the same ning Boki called to inquire whether it
us." The chiefs were by no means yard, is about an acre of excellent land, would be proper for him to go to
deaf to these calls ; Kaahumanu soon designed for a garden. It contains Kaanapali to spend the Sabbath and
wrote to me that she had ordered the three breadfruit trees, and on its bor conduct worship with the people. On
governor of Lahaina to make over to ders are a few cocoanuts. It is now being told that it would be proper, he
me a small piece of taro and potato covered with bananas, plantains, and immediately set sail. This place is
ground and also a garden and building about six miles from Lahaina, or rath
sugar-cane, interspersed with melons,
spot. The latter is inclosed in a large er the principal village is that distance,
cucumbers, beans, cabbage, and yams.
yard of hers and is far the best site for but the district is a large one, being
buildings in .Lahaina . . . Directly These present a very beautiful appear
perhaps 30 miles in circumference. The
in front of us are several taro gardens ance; the sugar cane being more than number of inhabitants in the village is
and fish ponds, surrounded with cocoa- twenty feet high and the plantains and about 500. Meetings have been regu
nuts, hala and kou trees, in the midst bananas much higher. The house which larly conducted at that village ever
of which stands the brick house erected we occupy will afford us a comfortable since last October, generally by Taua,
by Tamehameha and called by Van dwelling for a year to come. (Continued on next page)

Dedication of {he Waialua Filipino Church

THE Filipino Community on Waia On Sunday, March 18th, 1923, a serv by Rev. James B. Rodgers, D.D., of
lua Plantation is to be heartily con ice of dedication of this church, was ar the American Presbyterian Mission in
gratulated on the useful and tasteful ranged by the Waialua Filipino congre Manila. Greetings from the sister
church and club house which the plan gation. Mr. F. E. Racelis, the pastor, churches were presented by Mr. F.
tation has erected. Located between had invited the Hawaiian, Japanese and Santa Ana of Olaa, for the Filipino
the mill and the park, at the center of Korean churches of Waialua, together churches of the other Islands ; by Mr.
the plantation, this new building will with the Anglo-Saxon residents to join John Kauwalu for the Waialua Ha
afford a fine opportunity for wholesome in the service, and all the pews and waiian Church ; by Rev. J. Fukuda, for
recreation and spiritual development. chairs were filled some time before the the Japanese Church ; by Rev. C. H.
The main part of the building is a opening of the service. Representatives Min for the Korean Church; by Mr.
single large room, with a stage at the from the Hawaiian Board and from the H. W. Metcalf, for the Filipino Center
makai end, and opening out from the of Honolulu. A notable part of the
Ewa and Waipahu Filipino churches-
east side of this room, is a wing with
were also present. service was the beautiful singing of an
separate entrances and a small tower,
marking the section devoted to church The service of dedication and the thems by the choir of the Waialua Ha
services. This chapel connects by fold consecrating prayer were conducted by waiian Church. After the service a
ing doors with the main hall and thus Rev. John P. Erdman, Superintendent generous luncheon was served under
is provided additional room for large of the Filipino work. The sermon, ap the trees in the park, making a happy
audiences. propriate to the occasion, was delivered conclusion of the occasion.
140 THE FRIEND June, 1923

Robert (Hawaii) or Bartimeus. Soon strengthened by the arrival in 1828 of Miss Maria Ogden arrived with the
after they commenced attending meet the Rev. and Mrs. Lorrin Andrews, third company and was first stationed
ings there, on one Monday morning as from Kentucky, coming in the third at Waimea, Kauai, then in Lahaina,
they were about leaving the place, they company. from 1829 to June, 1838, at which time
saw in a conspicuous part of the vill The Richards family spent fifteen she moved to Wailuku and taught in
age, three high poles with a tapa fly years in Lahaina, and then there came the Female Seminary for fifteen years.
ing from their tops like ensigns. They an opportunity for Mr. Richards to Leaving Maui in 1853, she continued
persuaded the owners to take them serve his adopted country in her hour in her career as an educator by serving
down and send them to me; and the of need by leaving the mission and at Punahou for five years and at the
next day, on going to my door, I found becoming an adviser to the govern Makiki Girls' School in Honolulu from
these ensigns flying in front of my own ment. Thus writes Rufus Anderson in 1859-1868. She died in the capital on
house. On inquiry I found they were his book on Hawaii : "In 1838, the king April 3, 1874.
the Akua mahi ai, which may answer and chiefs, not being able to obtain Miss Mary Ward came in the "Par
perhaps to the Ceres of the Romans, or such a counsellor as they desired from thian" in 1828 and lived at I^ahaina
more literally the god of husbandry. the United States, requested that Rev. where she married Edmund H. Rogers,
Wm. Richards come into that relation the Printer, in 1833. She died in Ho
One object of Boki in going to Kaa-
to them. They felt the need of a guide nolulu May 23, 1834.
napali was to ascertain whether the
worship of such gods is still continued, ir their relations to their people and to Rev. Jonathan Smith Green from
foreigners, and Mr. Richards had their Pawlet, Vermont, a member of the third
and if so, to stop it entirely . . .
entire confidence. To this he was en company that arrived in 1828, was sta
At Kaanapali, where six months ago
titled by reason of his excellent com tioned in Lahaina in 1831 but did not
they were all adherents of the old
mon sense and his disinterested zeal stay long. After a few months on
idolatrous system, the outward forms
of the Christian religion are now ob for the welfare of the nation. Both Maui, he moved to Hilo early in 1832.
the mission and the prudential com and there stayed but a short time, re
served in more than half the houses.
The same is true of many other places mittee approved of his complying with turning to Maui and locating in Wai
the request. He was afterwards made luku from 1832-1842, then entering the
on this island.
Minister of Instruction, which office he service of the American Missionary As
"October 15, 1828. This place is the retained to the general satisfaction of
sociation and laboring at Makawao as
center of missionary operations tor the people until his death in 1847."
an independent pastor until his death
Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe. On July 8, 1842, Mr. Richards sailed
on January 5, 1878. Mr. Green trans
Lahaina is the only place where there with Haalilio as Minister Plenipoten
lated 4 books of the Bible. About 1854
is regular preaching. It is however by tiary to the United States, England and
he became the pioneer wheat farmer of
no means the only place where people France. He returned March 23, 1845,
the islands.
assemble for religious worship on the bringing the remains of Haalilio who
Rev. Sheldon Dibble from Skanea-
Sabbath. There are not less than had died at sea.
teles, New York, was in the fourth
twenty places on this island and several Rev. and Mrs. Lorrin Andrews la company, reaching the islands in 1831.
on Molokai and Lanai where the people bored in Lahaina from 1828 to 1831,
At first he was a member of the Hilo
assemble for prayer and instruction. at which time the Lahainaluna School
mission, but in 1836 was transferred to
The native teachers take the direction was founded for the purpose of edu
Lahainaluna where he labored with the
of the meetings, occupying the time in cating teachers. The school was open
exception of a visit to the states 1837-
reading and teaching the various Scrip ed in September of that year with Mr. 1840 until his death at Lahainaluna in
ture texts and tracts and other books Andrews as ^principal and twenty-five
1845. He assisted in the translation of
and conclude with prayer . . . Al young men as pupils. Before the end the Bible, but will be best remembered
most half the whole population of all of the year this number had increased
for his book entitled "A History of the
ages are in the schools, a larger por to sixty-seven. The course of study Sandwich Islands," published at La
tion of the people, probably, than are was four years.
hainaluna in 1843.
enjoying the advantage of instruction A separate sketch should be devoted Another member of the fourth com
in any other country on the globe." to Lahainaluna. This paper must pany was Rev. Dwight Baldwin, M.D.
Rev. and Mrs. Samuel Whitney weie necessarily omit much of general in from Durham, N. Y. Dr. and Mrs.
located from 1827-1829 in this inter terest with regard to this earliest insti Baldwin were sent at first to Waimea,
esting seaport of Lahaina. The Whit- tution of its kind in the islands. Hawaii, where they worked from 1831-
neys were in the first company that Mr. Andrews, after serving more 1835. Then they moved to Lahaina in
arrived on the "Thaddeus" in 1820. than ten years as head of the school 1835. "He was government physician
They spent their early years of mis was released in 1842 and became sea for Maui, Molokai and Lanai during
sionary effort in Waimea, Kauai, from men's chaplain at Lahaina. In 1845 the small-pox epidemic in 1853 and by
July 25, 1820, until Mr. Whitney was he removed to Honolulu and was made personal vigilance kept it away."
ordained at Kailua, Hawaii on Novem a judge under the government of Ka- Through ill-health he was obliged to
ber 30, 1825. The Whitneys returned mehameha III, resigning in 1855. He resign in 1868, and moved to Honolulu
to Kauai in 1829. Mr. Whitney died served as secretary to the Privy Coun where he gave instruction in church
at Lahainaluna in 1845 and Mrs. Whit cil and wrote a Hawaiian grammar, be history and Bible history in the theo
ney died at Waimea in 1872. sides compiling the dictionary that logical seminary as co-worker of Rev.
While the Whitneys were still in bears his name. lie died in Honolulu, B. W. Parker. He died in Honolulu
Lahaina, the mission forces were September 29, 1868. January 3, 1886. Dr. Baldwin's term of
Tune, 1923 THE FRIEND 141

service in Lahaina was more than 35 where he spent but one year. He left Rev. and Mrs. Cochran Forbes of the
years—longer by far than the period the islands in 1848, dying in 1895. fifth company spent the first fourteen
of time spent by any other missionary Although this celebration centers years of their missionary careers in
in Lahaina. largely about Lahaina, in commemora Kaawaloa, Kona, Hawaii. They then
In the fifth company were Alonzo tion of the landing of Stewart and moved to Lahaina, where they labored
Chapin, M.D. and Mrs. Chapin from Richards a hundred years ago, it is until 1848, when they returned to the
West Springfield, Mass. They arrived well for us to mention here the names States. Mrs. Forbes died in 1878 and
in 1832 and were located in Lahaina of other missionaries who labored in her husband survived her almost three
until their departure for the States in other parts of Maui. years.
1835, after a brief service of three We have already stated that Messrs. Rev. Claudius B. Andrews of the
years. In that same company were Green and Clark, after serving at la eleventh company arriving in 1844 was
Rev. and Mrs. Ephraim Spaulding from haina, were located at Wailuku. Rev. sent first to Kaluaaha, Molokai, then
Vermont. They stayed in Lahaina until and Mrs. Reuben Tinker, of the fourth in 1847 came over to Maui and was
compelled on account of ill health to company, came to the islands in 1831 associated with the Lahainaluna School
return to their native land in December, and were located in Wailuku from 1832 until 1850 when he returned to the
1836, having stayed but four and a half to 1835, when they returned to the mainland and became married. His
years in the islands. states. Mr. Tinker died in 1854 and next stations were Kaluaaha, Makawao
A third member of that fifth com Mrs. Tinker survived her husband and Lahainaluna. He and his first
pany was Edmund H. Rogers, a printer more than forty years. wife established the first Makawao Fe
from Newton, Mass., who, after being Rev. Richard Armstrong from Penn male Seminary, later becoming Mauna-
in charge of the Mission printing office, sylvania, arrived with his wife in the olu Seminary. Mr. Andrews died in
from 1833-1835, was transferred to La- fifth company on May 27, 1832, and 1877; his first wife in 1862.
hainaluna where he served until 1839, after a sojourn in the Marquesas Isl Rev. Townsend E. Taylor was sent
when he returned to Honolulu, dying ands with Messrs. Alexander and Park out by the American Seamen's Friend
there in 1853. er, went to Wailuku in July 1835. He Society as Chaplain at Lahaina in
was missionary in that part of Maui 1848 and served in that capacity until
A missionary who had come to the
until 1840, at which time he became 1852.
islands in the third company in 1828,
pastor of the Kawaiahao Church, re Rev. John F. Pogue of the eleventh
but did not become associated with the
signing in 1848, to assume the duties of company was stationed at Koloa, Kauai,
Maui work until 1835 was the Rev.
Minister of Public Instruction. In that from 1844-1847, at Kaawaloa, Hawaii,
Ephraim W. Clark from Peacham, Ver
capacity he did valiant service until 1847-1850 and at Lahainaluna 1851-
mont. Mr. Clark labored at Lahaina-
his death on Sept. 23, 1860. 1866. Waiohinu, Hawaii, was then the
luna until 1843, at which time he moved
to Wailuku, serving the cause there Rev. Wm. P. Alexander of Kentucky locus of his activities until 1870, when
until 1848, when he became pastor of and Mrs. Alexander, from Harrisburg, he became Secretary of the Hawaiian
the Kawaiahao Church in Honolulu. Pa., were in the same company with the Board until 1877. He died in that year,
After a 15 years' pastorate, he resigned Armstrongs, the Emersons, the Chap- December 4th, at Laramie, Wyoming,
in 1863 and died in 1878 in Chicago. ins, the Spauldings and Mr. E. H. but was buried in San Jose, California.
Charles McDonald, teacher, arrived Rogers, all of whom were destined to Rev. Sereno E. Bishop who was born
in Honolulu, April 9, 1837, and was make their contribution to the up at Kaawaloa, Hawaii in 1827, was Sea
stationed in Lahaina until his death in building of the Kingdom of God on men's Chaplain at Lahaina from 1853-
Sept. 7th, 1839. Maui. After a visit to the Marquesas 1854 and was then located at Hana until
Islands in 1832, and again the follow 1865. In that year he was chosen prin-
Mr. Edward Bailey, teacher, arrived ing year, Mr. Alexander located at
with the eighth company in 1837 and Waioli, Kauai, from 1834-1843. In the
at first was located at Kohala. He then latter year the Alexanders moved to
spent a short time in Lahainaluna in Lahainaluna and labored in that edu
1841, going thence to the Wailuku Fe
male Seminary, where he labored from
cational institution until 1857, when
they transferred the center of their
American Factors, Limited,
1841-1849, after which he engaged in activities to Wailuku. Mr. Alexander HONOLULU, HAWAII
other school work and in sugar culture, retired in 1882, and died in Oakland, San Francisco Office
removing to California in 1885 and California, August 13th, 1884. Mrs.
dying there. 310 Sansome St.
Alexander died at Haiku, June 29, 1888.
New York Office, 82 Wall St.
Rev. and Mrs. John S. Emerson were Rev. and Mrs. Daniel T. Conde of
in the large fifth company that landed Charlton, N. Y., came in the eighth SUGAR FACTORS
in 1832. After ten years at Waialua, company in 1837 and were sent first to INSURANCE AGENTS
the Emersons were located at Lahaina Hana. They stayed in that eastern STEAMSHIP AGENTS
luna from 1842-1846, and then returned most district of Maui until June, 1848,
to Waialua where Mr. Emerson died at which time they moved to Wailuku Dealers in
in 1867 and Mrs. Emerson in 1888. and worked in that community for Hardware, Groceries, Dry Goods,
Rev. Timothy Dwight Hunt, arriving seven years, returning to the states in
in 1844, went first to Waiohinu and 1857. "Mr. Conde died in 1897. Mrs. Tobacco and Oils
then in 1846 moved to Lahainaluna Conde died in Wailuku in 1855.
142 THE FRIEND June, 1923

cipal of Lahainaluna and remained

head of the institutions until 1877, when
he moved to Honolulu, dying there in ''
1909. /— We convert your rare
Rev. Wm. C. Shipman arrived in vase into a Vase Lamp
Lahaina, October 20, 1854, and re
mained there but eight months, being
of rare beauty. A wide
transferred to Waiohinu in the follow- variety of fascinating
silk and parchment shades
here especially for that
use.

Talk is the Cheapest

Thing in the World
Don't allow any loquacious
acquaintance of yours to influence
you into buying securities about
WW-Dirc\or\d8c(pLTD
THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES' V*
which you know nothing authen 53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
tic. It won't cost him anything if
the investment proves a bad one—
but it will mean the loss of may
be years of saving for you.
Our Stock and Bond Depart
ment is in a position to give you
responsible information and ad
vice on any securities which in THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
terest you. This service, rendered AT HONOLULU
as a protection to community pros Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $350,000
perity, is entirely without charge.
TRENT TRUST CO, LTD. OFFICERS
L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Cashier;
J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; R. N. Villiers, Asst. Cashier.
Trent Trust Co ltd
HONOLULU
United States Government Depositary
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
Cable Transfers.
So to serve that we may continue
to serve
ACCOUNTS INVITED

ArmcOy the Symbol of Economy

A RMCO is the name of the iron that resists rust. If iron can be made
•**• to resist rust, the object into the construction of which that iron
enters lasts indefinitely instead of going quickly to pieces. This, of
course, means a saving in money, whether the amount involved is a
million dollars in railway equipment or a hundred in a kitchen range.
Rust has no appreciable effect on absolutely pure iron. Armco is
99.84 per cent pure; that is to say, a commercially pure iron.
The Honolulu Iron Works Company is wholesale distributor for
Armco products in the Territorv of Hawaii.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.
Wholesale Distributors
iii
June, 1923 THE FRIEND 143

ing June. He labored in

the latter locality until his
death in 1861.
Rev. Anderson O. For
bes, who was born at Kaa-
Wkeh Wkeat Flour Was An walao, Hawaii, in 1833,

Important Item in Export

I served as professor in La-
hainaluna from 1871-1874.
He had previously been a
missionary at Kaluaaha
and also pastor of the Kau-
Business of Hawaii I makpili Church, Honolulu.
WHEAT was a major crop in the Hawaiian Islands be I After his life on Maui,
tween 1832 and 1855; most of it was produced on p Mr. Forbes was pastor of
the Island of Maui. It was good wheat and the flour the Foreign Church of
which went into the "flapjacks" of Forty-niners in the Hilo until 1880 and then
gold diggings of California was milled from it in Honolulu. was Secretary of the Ha
Gradually small sections of the great ranchos of Cali
fornia came under the plow, and wheat growing was
i waiian Board until 1888.
He died in Colorado
added to cattle raising and mining. Hawaii could not li
Springs, Colorado, July 8,
compete with producers so much nearer the market, and 1888.
the industry died out. Poi, the Hawaiian equivalent of
bread, sufficed for home consumption, so there was no in m These are the. pioneers
centive to continue the growing of wheat. Sugar, which of the early days, the first
had been struggling desperately for a place, began to show few decades of Christian
signs of increasing vigor, but that is another and dramatic
story in which the Bank of Bishop & Co. was destined to work on Maui. We who
play an important part. came after them have en
tered into their labors and
do enjoy the fruits of the
harvest from the seed that
they sowed here so many
years ago. Let us, as we
reap the benefit from their
toil and faithful service,
do our part in perpetuat
ing the high ideals they
brought with them and
thus fulfill the promise of
the prophet who said :
"The desert shall rejoice,
and blossom as the rose
. . . The eyes of the blind
shall be opened and the
ears of the deaf shall be
unstopped . . . And an
highway shall be there,
and a way, and it shall be
called the way of holiness
. . . the redeemed shall
walk there ; and the ran
somed of the Lord shall
return and come to Zion
with songs and everlasting
joy upon their heads ; they
shall obtain joy and glad
ness, and sorrow and sigh
ing shall flee away."
144 THE FRIEND June, 1923

DRINK Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited

THE FRIEND STOCKS AND BONDS
Published monthly at the Hawaiian Board Book
Rooms, Honolulu, T. H.
Subscription pries $1-50 P*' J«»r
"Cascade" REAL ESTATE
INSURANCE
Address business letters and make checks, etc., SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
payable to
MISS E V. WARINNER,
Ginger Ale Authorized by law to act
Business Manager.
?s Trustee, Executor, Ad
ministrator and Guardian.
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE
D. CRAWFORD, Chairman
Rycroft Arctic Soda Works, Ltd. Capital, Surplus and Un
A. AKANA O. H. GULICK 8ole Agents.
J. P. ERDMAN L. R. KILLAM divided Profits Over One
W. F. FREAR A. W. PALMER Telephone 2270 Million Dollars.
F. S. SCUDDER N. C. SCHENCK
T. RICHARDS H. P. JUDD
VAUGHAN MacCAUGHEY
Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Entered October 27, 1902, at Honolulu, Hawaii,
as second class matter, under act of Congress of Metropolitan Meat
March S, 1879.
Acceptance for mailing at special rate of
postage provided for In section 1103, Act of Market
C. Brewer & Co.
October 3, 1917, authorized July 19, 1918. LIMITED
ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.
llllllllllllllllllllllllll
Our large shipping business is quite
Lewers & Cooke, independent of our family trade.
General Mercantile Commission Agents,

Limited. We endeavor to keep both phases Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.

of our business at top notch.

50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445 AGENTS FOR:— Onomea Sugar Co., Ho
nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co.
Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
Tel. 2478. Box 951 Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Walluku Sugar
Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
CITY MILL Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald
win Locomotive Works.
LUMBER, BUILDING MATERIALS
WALL PAPERS, MIXED PAINTS, CO., LTD.
CONTRACTORS
OFFICERS: —E. Faxon Bishop, President;
R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager;
Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R
Etc., Etc. Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer;
Furniture to Order. Inspection Solicited
• • • Mouldings, Blinds, Sashes and Doors. C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke, G. R
Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors
Estimates given on Buildings.
Honolulu, T. H.
LIME and CEMENT RICE and BRAN,
Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllll HARDWARE llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.*

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3 Ms

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND.
Hilo Boarding School— Kohala Girls' School Number

"HlLO BOARDING SCHOOL," says the Federal School Report, "is one
of the oldest schools in the islands. The fact is noteworthy that elementary
tool work and industrial training were well started in this school by 'Father
Lyman' forty years before the founding at Boston in 1 878 of the first manual-
training school on the mainland. . . What a boon it would be to
every modern city boy if he could have such experience as this (shop and
agricultural) which his father got on the farm, but which he is denied by
the complex living conditions of today! ... It would be well,
indeed, for the public-school authorities to carefully examine these courses
with a view to introducing similar instruction into the public schools."

Of Kohala Girls' School the following story is related: "Two

Iravelers, driving through Kona, realized, as it was late afternoon, that they
must look about for some place to spend the night. Drawing up to a cottage
by the roadside, they were told by the Hawaiian and his wife that they
could be accommodated there. The table was set with a white cloth with
a vase of flowers in the center. The meal consisted of fresh beef stew,
boiled rice, baked sweet potatoes, with soda biscuits, guave jelly with fragrant
coffee. After a comfortable night's rest, as the travelers were saying goodby,
the lady in the party asked, 'How did you learn to make a home like this?'
'Oh, I've been to Kohala Girls' School. I learned there to keep house.'

"This school claims as an asset its simple life which can be adapted
to improve conditions in the average Hawaiian home. The watch word of
the school is 'BE PRACTICAL.' "

'Both of these Schools have done and are

doing splendid work in this Territory. Their
influence cannot be measured."—
Willard E. Givens, Superintendent of Public Instruction.

HONOLULU JULY, 1923 HAWAII

150 THE FRIEND July, 1923

The Hawaiian Pineapple Company

LIMITED

IS BUILT UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF

To Its Employes
A SQUARE DEAL { To it8 Stockholders
To Its Customers

THIS GREAT INDUSTRY IS BEING HUMANIZED

BY
The payment of a good wage.
Safe, healthful and morally wholesome
conditions in the factory.
Free medical service and fair treatment.
Wholesome meals furnished at cost or
less, in a comfortable dining room.
Large, clean, well-appointed dressing
and rest rooms for all, with hot or
cold showers.
A recreation field for out-of-doors play.
An old-age pension system.
Liberal rewards for inventive or helpful
suggestions.

We are always glad to show visitors through the factory.

Ours is the largest fruit cannery in the world.
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JULY, 1923 No. 1

Founders of Earl}) Schools WKose Influence Has Endured CtlirougK fne Tears

Rev. Dav'id B. Ly"man

The Advantages of Christian Home Schools in Hawaii

By Willard E. Givens, Superintendent of Public Instruction

FOR the past eighty-seven years the homes except their school home. It is are repeated action and since action
Hilo Boarding School has been giv not uncommon to have Ixays and girls in is a direct result of thought, such
ing- trade and agricultural training as these schools who have no immediate schools have a distinct advantage over
well as general education to the native relatives living in this Territory. For our public schools in that they create
hoys of Hawaii. these pupils especially such schools are and control the environment in which
The Kohala Girls' School, for forty- a double blessing, for they have the pupils live. Having created and
nine years has been training native girls given them both a home and an educa controlled their environment they thus
of Hawaii to live good, honest and in tion. influence very largely the thought of
dustrious lives. These schools have fulfilled their duty their students which, in turn, determines
Both of these schools have done and in that they have trained their pupils their actions and therefore forms their
are doing splendid work in this Terri to earn a living; to live, and to live habits.
tory. Their influence cannot be together. They have received this three Since habits determine character and
measured. fold training with more emphasis on character is immortal, it goes without
These schools have given not only a the phase of earning a living than most question that the Hilo Boarding School
practical education to hundreds of boys schools are able to give. and the Kohala Girls' School, along
and girls, but they have likewise given The most valuable part of the train with the other fine influences which
to them all the influences of a Chris ing received in these schools is that of they have exerted, have also had a dis
tian home. Many pupils who have been character building. Our characters are tinct advantage in developing in their
educated in these schools have had no determined largely by our habits. Habits pupils Christian character.
152 THE FRIEND July, 1023

examine these courses with a view to

Hilo Boarding School introducing similar instruction into the
public schools."
(Excerpts from "A Brief Historical Sketch" by Emel M. Damon) In view of the value which the work
of Hilo Boarding School represents in
IT is with great pride and deep in of the first manual-training school on the training of useful citizens, it is of
terest that the friends of Hilo the mainland. not a little interest to delve, for a few
Boarding School find this historic in "This school served well in the early moments, into the story of its origins
stitution rounding out not only its days in educating leaders among the and development. All too fragmentary
eighty-sixth year of distinct usefulness. Hawaiian race, producing what was records of its earliest years are con
but the twenty-fifth year in the presi most needed among them, teachers, tained in Father and Mother Lyman's
dency of Mr. Levi Lyman, grandson of preachers, and intelligent agriculturists diaries and in a few old letters— for the
the founder, ably seconded in count and home-makers. It also served as school was an enlargement of their own
less ways by his gifted wife, Mrs. a feeder for Lahainaluna Seminary private home life—references in Dr.
Nettie Hammond Lyman. The president which was then a higher school for the Henry Lyman's delightful book, "Ha
has put his shoulder to the wheel of training of native preachers and mis waiian Yesterdays," recollections of
educational problems, and with unflag sionaries. From the first, religious in older people who heard the school dis
ging skill and zeal brought the school struction, practical farming, and the cussed in their childhood, and in some
from a state of penury and neglect to its mechanical skills of the time were thirty of the annual reports submitted
present condition of permanence and dominating elements of the curriculum, by Father Lyman during the forty-two
efficiency as an unquestioned leader but instruction in the common-school years of his principalship and super
among the vital educational forces of branches was also given. It has al vision.
Hawaii. The enforced resignation of ways been predominantly an industrial Having arrived at the islands in 1832
Mr. Lyman on ^account of ill health school, and the labor of the pupils and having with Mrs. Lyman devoted
arouses , feelings of such sincere regret themselves has been a large factor in himself to the establishment of schools
among the friends of the school that building up the plant, developing the and churches in and about the then
some of them have asked the privilege farm and maintaining the subsistence very isolated station of Hilo, Rev.
of presenting this historical sketch as department. There has been a steady David Lyman had come to be known
an appreciation, a memorial to the development of shop-work until now among his associates as a fervent, vig
twenty-five years of devoted service the school approaches the trade school orous young missionary, yet too far
which today come to a close. type. . . . advanced, perhaps, for his time on the
True it is that the retiring president "One of the best features of the subject of what we now call manual
and his wife have built upon the foun manual training work is the home crafts labor and industrial training. He, with
dations of an institution which had al or 'handy man' course, in which the others, doubtless, had evidently stirred
ready adapted itself to changing condi boys are taught in rotation to do all up the annual sessions of the mission
sorts of handy home construction and on the matter of farming and agricul
tions during a long life of more than
repair jobs, such as repairing shoes, ture, for in 1835 a special committee
sixty years. But twenty-five years ago
saddles and harness, house cleaning and recommends to the session in Hono
the original inspiration which founded
cooking, mending clothes, simple elec lulu that the various mission stations
and nourished the school had waned so trical repairing and wiring . . . solder "make such experiments as may best
far in a few years of neglect immedi ing, soap making, butchering . . . can enable them to judge what kind of
ately preceding 1897 that to continue ing chairs, making knots and splices. school will best promote the general
the school meant quite literally be interests of education," although it was
"The learning of these things is of
ginning upon the rock foundation of considered impractical for the mission
great value from the practical stand
its originator, the well-known Rev. to encourage agriculture, owing to the
point alone, but their intellectual value
David B. Lyman of the Sandwich insufficient number of missionaries in
in giving a first-hand knowledge of the
Island Mission. Nothing more distinct the working force. Even this permis
materials, tools, and processes underly
ly points out the value of the last sion to experiment was granted by
ing all our home and industrial life can
quarter century to Hilo Boarding many of the older brethren with frank
scarcely be overestimated. It furnishes
School and to Hawaii whom it serves, misgiving as to the outcome. But Mr.
a concrete basis of wide experience out
than the estimate published in 1920 by Lyman, coming of practical farmer's
of which ideas may arise in the pro
the Bureau of Education at Washing stock in Connecticut, had been impress
cesses of thinking out intellectual prob
ton, D.C., in its official survey of educa ed with three things: first, that in the
lems of all sorts, and it also helps the
tion in Hawaii. In an excellent sum transition stag'e between primitive and
boys in choosing the kind of shopwork
mary of the history and activities of civilized life, some help must be given
on which to specialize. What a boon
the school, the survey states: the Hawaiians to encourage the excel
it would be to every modern city boy
"This is one of the oldest schools in if he could have such experience as lent, but even then rapidly vanishing
the islands. . . . The fact is noteworthy this, which his great-grandfather got agricultural system of ancient times,
that elementary tool work and indus on the farm, but which lie is denied by and to acquaint them with some of the
trial training were well started in this the complex living conditions of today! mechanical arts of the new civilization
school by 'Father Lyman' forty years ... It would be well, indeed, for the which they were adopting; second, the
before the founding at Boston in 1878 public-school authorities to carefullv young teacher believed that this must
 July, 1923 THE FRIEND 153

he done largely by schools ; and lastly, he the rest of their lives there. Between Ready money was a scarce commod
was convinced that it would be these two dwellings, the Cape Cod cot ity in those days and all sorts of de
done best by boarding schools where tage and the New England farm house, vices were resorted to by the mission
considerable attention should be given a large thatched house of native con aries to effect exchange and at the same
by the pupils to the problems of their struction was built in 1837 for the new time stimulate mental and physical
own physical maintenance. With char boarding school. activity. Hymn books, tracts, Bibles,
acteristic energy, he proceeded to his Situated near the home of the teach and school texts in Hawaiian were paid
appointed work in the unshakeable ers and the pastor, the Hilo Boarding for labor as fast as the books came from
courage of his conviction. School was in its origin, as it has con the mission press in Honolulu. Pia, or
In the spring of 1835, Rev. Titus tinued to this day to be, an outgrowth Hawaiian starch, brought in in great
Coan was appointed to take over the of the life in those homes, an enlarge quantities by the Hawaiians, was taken
wide pastorate of Hilo and Puna, which ment of the ideals of New England in payment for books and other com
left Mr. and Mrs. Lyman free to work home life transplanted into Hilo soil. modities. In the letter just mentioned,
out the problems of a boarding school. This is, without doubt, one great secret Mr. Lyman addresses to Mr. Chamber
In 1836 they obtained from the general of its success, for civilization without lain the following appeals: "Please
session of the mission a grant of $500 homes is of very little account. It is send us barrels for pia. It still comes
which "the brethren at Hilo were just this characteristic, indeed, which in from a gallon to a barrel in a day
authorized to apply to the support of in its continuation has distinguished for books already sold. We need sugar
a boarding school at their station." The Hilo Boarding School from all other and molasses by the first vessel. The
school opened on October third, 1836, schools in Hawaii—with the possible last brought us blue cotton cloth for
with three boys as pupils, a number exception of Lahainaluna—and has shirts, crockery, knives and forks, and
which increased to twelve before the given it the vigor and usefulness of locks. Mrs. Lyman would prefer nine-
end of the school year. In a letter to long life. One or two other small na inch basins to crockery bowls for the
"Sister" Gulick, "Sister" Lyman writes tive buildings were erected in 1837, but school. We shall be in straits with
on December 12th, 1836: "We have although that year marked the arrival reference to our school if we do not
commenced our Boarding School with of the largest reinforcement of work receive more cotton cloth and calico
eleven boys, and are ready to conclude ers to the Sandwich Island mission, it before general meeting. It requires a
that boarding schools are practicable." was yet a year of great financial string good deal to pay teachers, buy food
ency. And the Brethren at General for the school, erect native buildings,
It is not easy for us to think back purchase lumber for the school houses
to the primitive life of Hilo eighty-five Meeting in Honolulu, although grant
ing something to the older school at and other purposes, and furnish car
years ago. Among the hundreds of penters and other workmen with what
thatched huts there was only one little Lahainaluna, withdrew all appropria
tions from the Hilo Boarding School they wish. We pay cloth to foreign
stone house, with a thatched roof cov workmen, also for at least nine-tenths
ering two small rooms, each fifteen except the salary of Mr. Lyman.
Brother Coan's spirited protest at this of our wood and lumber, and about
feet square, partitioned off with mats, three yards per week, valued at one
and each occupied by a family, that is action makes interesting reading in this
connection : "Do you intend the Hilo dollar, to each teacher."
by the Lyman's and their guests, the
newly arrived Coans. Later in the year boarding school to disband? We na The Hawaiians themselves did indeed
a wooden cottage was erected for the turally infer that a man will not walk assist materially in the early years of
Lymans, called by Dr. Henry Lyman, when his feet are cut off. . . Yet ne the school, particularly in the erection
who spent the first three years of his cessity may invent wooden legs to of school buildings which could not
life there, the Cape Cod cottage, "built make Hilo Boarding School go again. have been built by the unaided efforts
of lumber and hardware received from ( lod's treasury is not exhausted. We of the few boys then in school. In
Boston, a one-story cottage of approved intend to make the people do much to 1838, beside erecting a large thatched
Cape Cod pattern." This was on the support the school, now numbering school house for the common school of
ground now occupied by the Foreign thirty-one scholars, but we need a little 400 children taught by Mr. and Mrs.
Church. The little stone house was time to concentrate their force. We Wilcox of the 1837 reinforcement to
used for a school building, and much shall try to make up deficiencies from the mission, in 1837 the natives be
later, for a seamen's chapel. Above our salaries so that these interesting gan to collect materials for a new
this stone house, in the grove of old groups of children, now gathered under dwelling house for the Lymans and a
trees just above the present Wetmore the wings of paternal care may not be school building for the boarding school
bouse, stood quite the most pretentious scattered again to the winds of heaven. to be erected somewhat above the Coan
house in Hilo, its only frame house, We must indeed foster Lahainaluna, the house. The Hawaiians were paid, of
in fact. Dr. Lyman sketches it unfor Mission Seminary, but we must not course, but even so their contribution
gettably for us: "A neat little two- blow out the few lamps which have and their good will were alike great.
storied, wooden house, painted red, and been lighted to guide this people to At monthly concert, attended as a ride
famed all over the islands as the per intelligence and virtue." by about 3,000 people, contributions
fect reproduction of a New England Still more interesting, in its historical were brought which by the givers' con
farm-house." This had been built for details, is a letter written by the prin sent were appropriated to the boarding
Mr. Lyman's predecessor, Mr. Good cipal, Mr. Lyman, in 1837, on secular school. These consisted of pia, wood,
rich, and on his departure late in 1835 matters, it is true, but none the less malos, pa'us. fowls, salt, tapas, food,
was occupied by the Coans who spent essential to the work of the school. and labor. To the boarding school
154 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

came other gifts of provisions, books,

clothes and the like, from Honolulu
and the United States. To the request
for supplies in 1838: "2 flat irons, or
1 if exorbitant, 2 corn brooms, needles,
4 lamps, half dozen iron spoons, quar
ter ream paper, 1 paper tacks," is add
ed the modest postscript: "I do not
wish the school to become bankrupt.
I therefore omit making out any large
bill till I learn what appropriation has
been made."
The report of 1838, the second one
of the school and the oldest one extant,
yields much of interest. In the be
ginning the instructors fervently thank
God for the measure of success which
has met their efforts, and then pro
ceed to state that "of the 12 pupils at
the beginning of the year, June, 1837,
six were dismissed to go to Lahaina-
luna. And a class of 26 new ones was
received in August. Regular hours for
prayers, meals, labor, recreation and Hilo Boarding School as it appeared in the long ago. Note the grass houses and otl
school work have been observed as dur primitive features.
ing the previous year. In reference to
discipline, untiring vigilance has been out-door tasks, which included attempts pupils were taught to sit on wooden
exercised, but no difficulty experienced. to keep wild goats from destroying the benches around civilized tables, eating
In the school report of 1838 Father L. crops. Various mission brethren had with knives and forks and spoons in
says: "The present buildings are ade contributed to help in the erection of stead of helping themselves with their
quate for only half of the pupils whom the buildings, one sending as much as fingers alone. At a considerable dis
we now have and we labor under the $100.00 from his annual salary of tance in the rear was the cook-hous^.
disadvantage of having our fields for $450.00. The most vivid description of —an ordinary native building,—in
tillage at a considerable distance from the great excitement of moving into which all the baking and boiling for
the school. It is hoped that we may the new houses that year and of the the school was done according to the
be able to obtain a new site with ample general routine of school life is given usual Hawaiian methods. Besides these
yard space for exercise and situated in "Hawaiian Yesterdays" by the old structures, there was a small building
near the land cultivated by the pupils. est Lyman son. who was about five designed for an isolation hospital : also
We shall build, if possible, to accom years old at the time and who, like so a sort of barn used as a carpenter's
modate 60 or 70 boys, and hope to erect many of his pioneer generation, re shop and tool-house ; and, somewhat
also a dwelling house for the family tained all his life the most detailed later, when my mother needed assist
of the principal." memories of even his very early child ance in her own house-keeping, a little
The old Lyman homestead which hood. I venture to quote at some length, thatched cottage in which lived the
stands today at the head of Haili both because of the wealth of interest native couple who divided between
Street is the dwelling mentioned in this ing detail and because the book is ac themselves the functions of cook and
early report. Originally, it had hardly cessible to very few, having been long nursery-maid.
more than half a story above the first out of print. Quoting from "Hawaiian Yester
floor, with dormer windows in the "The new dwelling was almost a re days": "All the labor of housekeeping
steep thatched roof. Very near it was production of our former habitation and care of the school premises was
the thatched school house, both of (the Cape Cod cottage). About 100 performed under my father's direction
them built in 1839, largely by the work feet to the north stood the schoolhouse, by the schoolboys themselves ; they also
of the school boys. Owing to this a story and a half frame building, cultivated the adjacent farm, on which
fact, classes with the principal evolved placed on a stone foundation and pro were raised the vegetables that con
into lessons in carpentry and house vided with wooden floors and glass stituted the larger portion of their food.
construction, for the latter half of the windows, but covered over with native Animal food, in the shape of fish, pork,
year at least, but Mrs. Lyman had un thatch. The lower floor was fitted up goat's flesh, and in later years beef,
interrupted daily lessons in the school. as a schoolroom, and the upper story was generally purchased from the neigh
The new situation of home and school was divided with mat partitions into boring population. In this way near
was eminently satisfactory, particularly little sleeping-rooms for the scholars. ly all of the time out of school-hours
in view of the fact that they were both Behind this principal edifice . . . stood was busily occupied. My father al
much nearer the taro-patches and pas the dining-hall, or refectory, where the ways rose at four o'clock in the morn
tures where the boys performed their provisions were stored, and where the ing, and spent an hour in bathing,
 July, 1923. THE FRIEND 155

shaving, and reading the Hebrew Bible

by lamplight. At five o'clock the Hilo Boarding School As a Practical Seat of
schoolboys were assembled for morning
prayers ; then, as the tropical daylight
dawned, their teacher led them afield,
Learning Today
where he directed their labors, plant Ry David McH. Forbes, Trustee
ing and weeding and harvesting the IN the territory of Hawaii as else Self-reliance enters largely into the life
crop, until seven o'clock, when all re where, the subject of Education of the student at this institution, for
turned home to breakfast. From nine being of vital importance, demands our frequently being cast on his own re
o'clock till noon, they were united in attention more than ever. Thinking sources, with the ever available advice
the schoolroom. The hours between men realize that the same system which of the faculty, a boy gains more ex
twelve and two were devoted to bath was applicable thirty or more years perience at an earlier stage than he
ing and dinner. Then followed another ago, scarcely meets the requirements of possibly could in the average Govern
session in school till four o'clock. An today. Whether or not we realize it, ment school of our Territory. For many
evening hour of farm-work served to we are at the outset throttled by Trade years boys of Hawaiian blood only,
whet the appetite for supper, after Union Organizations. Throttled in this were accepted as pupils at the Hilo
which meal indoor recreation and music far, that manufacturing plants who have Boarding School, altho in more recent
filled up the evening till nine o'clock, Union mechanics in their employ, or years this custom has been changed
when all lights were extinguished and contractors employing the same class and today a school of mixed races is
everybody went to sleep. have been forced to eliminate the ap carried along. This change has un
"For a number of years my father prentice from his work, until the pro doubtedly been for the betterment of
was the only teacher, though my mother rata of apprentices allowed, is so small, the institution. The good natured,
usually gave the boys lessons in writ that practically no such position exists. happy-go-lucky nature of the Hawai
ing and singing. She was a very sweet Such conditions did not exist thirty ian has been stimulated to greater ef
singer, and perfectly familiar with all or more years ago, and the oppor fort, by the studious and aggressive
the current New England church music tunities for a young lad to learn a characteristics of the Oriental, so that
of that day. Under her instruction, trade were plentiful. At the age of in work and play a happy medium is
the native boys became fairly good fifteen or sixteen years, or at the age the result.
vocalists. After a time a musical sea- when the boy had graduated from Military drill with arms, is regularlv
captain presented her with an old flute ; Grammar School, his trade was select carried on as part of the school curricu
and she very soon learned enough to ed, and he had an opportunity to learn lum which greatly assists the discipline
teach her pupils how to play on the a trade by apprenticeship, anything of the institution. The Honor system
instrument. The young people took from a shoemaker or tailor to an en prevails, and a school spirit of unity
very kindly to this new form of music, gineer. At the expiration of four and cooperation for their Alma Mater is
and began to make for themselves fifes years, as a rule, his apprenticeship was the ambition of every Boarding School
and flutes from the jointed reeds of completed, and he was in a position boy.
the hollow bamboo. Gifts of an ac to earn a fair wage as an improver, or
in many cases a fullfledged journey Athletics have always been a strong
cordion and a violoncello were utilized
feature in the Boarding School, and in
in the same way; and before the lapse man mechanic. Today at the same age
all of the local competitions students
of many years my parents had the our boys graduate from High School
from the institution have more than
satisfaction of hearing from their primed up with abundance of theory,
held their own.
scholars all the music that could be but little or no knowledge of practical
reasonably desired." work as artisans or agriculturists. The The choice of occupation is varied,
Items in the school report for 1841 writer does not suppose that the more so than in any other school of
give some idea of progress. For one Founders of the Hilo Boarding School, the Territory. Probably foremost
thing, it was possible, with the building could have seen fifty years into the among the trades attempted is the work
accomplished, to give more attention to obscure future, neverthless they found of cabinet making, carpentry and wood-
teaching than in former years. Dr. ed an institution, in this school, which polishing. In the workshop attempts
Andrews from the Kailua station, who has stood the test of time; and is to are not confined to small elementary
was resident at Hilo for several months day far ahead in providing a practical practice: but beautiful cabinet work in
this year, gave some instruction in education to the young men who are many classes of furniture and bric-a-
anatomy. We see in the report fortunate enough to be included among brac are successfully turned out. The
of 1841 that the general conduct of the its students. aim of this shop has always been to
fifty-seven boys was the same as in Character building is fostered in this put its best into any article made, with
former years, with the addition of only institution by a close personal touch the results that no work turned out in
one new rule, namely "that no boy between teacher and pupil. "Working this shop cracks or twists afterwards.
shall leave his sleeping apartment with with Head. 1 1 cart and Hand," the The main secret of having satisfied
out pantaloons." The interest of the school motto, means that initiative and customers is, that special care is be
Hawaiians in the school seemed to be independence are both fostered in the stowed in the proper drying and pre
growing. Several parents had been course of the curriculum, two important paring of the hardwoods used, as well
willing to supply their children with essentials in the make-up of a good as the best of workmanship in manu
(Continued on page 168) citizen, and member of any community. facture.
156 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

Blacksmithing, horseshoeing, acety be. Dairying has not been overlooked through taking one or two chapters at
lene welding, concrete reinforced work, neither has the raising of pigs and a time. The Japanese said that he had
all have a share in supplying a choice poultry. In fact the opportunities af read half of the Gospel one night and
for the pupil. Gas engine work and re forded at the Hilo Boarding School, the other half the next and that the
pairs offer a varied field for those so to equip boys to meet the battles of first impression he received of Jesus
inclined, not alone in the running of life are so far ahead of the usual seats was that He is the Saviour. He was
such machines in practical work, but of learning, in this Territory, that com asked what that meant to him and his
the mechanism has been thoroughly parisons are impossible. answer showed the same child-like con
studied from the technical standpoint, The founders of the Boarding School fidence in Jesus that is the only hope
so that the student must know the have been generous to a degree, arid of those of us who are older in the
why and wherefore connected with each the example set by them has been ex Christian experience.
part of the machine under study. tended by friends from time to time,
Agriculture has not been neglected so that many a boy owes his start in
in the Boarding School, with its broad life to the institution, not alone from The Spirit of frie School
and fertile farm acres. Competent aid the benefits of learning a trade, but By TereseV. B. Hillhouse
of skilled agriculturists, and a wide from the standard of manliness and
diversity of grown crops gives the character imbued into his make-up IN describing the spirit of this, the
young farmer wonderful opportunities oldest school of its kind in the
while habits were being formed. Thus
world. I can think of no better com
to learn the secrets of the soil and the the Hilo Boarding School has. and is
parison, than to liken it to that of a
arts in plant growing. taking a very active and vital part, in
large, whole-hearted family, where dis
Every boy can saddle or harness a the solution of Hawaii's Educational
cipline is regular and self-restraining,
horse or mule, and drive it when need Problems.
and where those at the head have the
best interests of the many members at
heart, and where all are encouraged to
Religious Influence of Hilo Boarding School work out the many individual problems
By Rev. Peter E. Hurler in conjunction with the devoted lead
ers, striving ever for good citizenship,
EACH year there graduates from the "here is a teller in a Hilo Bank, and first as members of this smaller group,
Hilo School a class of young men here is a clerk in a grocery store, and and later as members of a national and
varying in number from six to twelve. here is a plantation worker, and here world group.
For three or four years these lads have is a policeman, and the influence of This great cosmopolitan spirit is one
lived, slept, eaten, worked, studied, each man is Christian." of the first outstanding impressions
under the influence of the Christian But it is possible as pastor of the given to the newcomer, and grows on
teachers of the school. Church which these boys attend—a few- him more and more the longer he is
What sort of men are they as they each Sunday morning, and practically associated with the school. It is mani
leave the school, and what is their the whole school each Sunday evening, fest in both work and play among the
future influence? during the school year,—to say this. boys themselves, and again when prob
Probably every school that has ever They are quickly responsive to Chris lems are brought by the different boys
existed—every worth-while school—has tian teachings. Their faces are more to their older and more experienced ad
asked the same question in regard to alert, and their eyes more questioning, visors, where they never fail to find
its graduates. What influence have the than those of the average haole at a loving sympathy and understanding,
men who graduated this month from church service. thus carrying out in every detail the
Yale and Princeton and New York The preacher is always conscious of family analogy.
University upon the ethical standards their attention and that they are feel Thus, the most valuable lessons ac
of the United States? Far be it from ing for the truth along with him. They quired from H. B. S. life come, not
me to say. laugh, they smile, they look serious, from books, but from the stimulating
But the Hilo Boarding School is a or if the truth is over their heads, influences of the community life, the
Christian institution first and foremost. stupid and sleepy. A few of them have daily contact with fellow students, and
Whatever training it gives along agri united with our Church—a few de the natural reactions of the daily ex
cultural lines or in usefulness around liberately, because the teachers wisely periences. This, together with the free
the home, or in plumbing or puttying, it have suggested as members only those social intercourse with devoted teach
aims to develop in its students Chris who they were sure were out and out ers and the lack of race prejudice.
tian manhood. And it succeeds. One Christians. places the boy at home under normal
of the business men of Hilo—not preju Two of the young men are coming conditions so that he is able to apply
diced in favor of the school, said a into the Church at this July Com himself to the matter of adjusting him
day or two ago : "The greatest work munion service, the one a Filipino, the self as a social unit. This adjustment
of the Hilo school is that it trains other Japanese. They are attending a is not onlv a preparation for life—it
those boys to be Christians." communicants' class once or twice a IS life.
It is impossible in such an article week, and in preparation for the class One of the most interesting features
as this,—partly because the writer has were asked to read the Gospel of Mark. of the Hilo Boarding School centers in
not sufficient knowledge—to take up At the first class meeting the Filipino the fact that a large percentage of our
the graduates one by one. and say— reported that he had read the Gospel students hold diplomas or two years'
July, 1923. I HE FRIEND 157

Scenes showing Hilo Boarding School buildings and some student activities. Upper left, company at drill on campus; right, company
in dress uniform. Lower left, students at work in the wood polishing room. Right, boys at work on the frame of the new shop.

credits from the high schools of their since he is sure to find boys of his own ilate rapidly, this influence being na
own native country, some even having age with whom to associate and study. turally reflected in the home.
taught in that land. This proves that Because of this, many boys come to us Americanization with us, in a gra
they are in one way retarded and furn who would not, in fact, could not go tifying number of cases, is followed
ishes them at the outset with a back to the public schools. naturally and normally by Christian-
ground from which comparisons and ization. Without pressure but through
The mature oriental students in our
contrasts are drawn. Nearly all such the daily revelations of Bible study,
students are proficient in mathematics island schools, have, I believe, a po
the Truth finds its mark, and the Man
and even younger boys are well ground tent influence in the rapid Americaniza of Galilee, another disciple. Four boys
ed in all elementary subjects. Our tion of the parents. There often seems this year have received Christian Bap
school resolves itself, then, into a a closer and more sympathetic bond tism and have been taken into the
school for English, and so eager and between the parents and children who Christian Church of their choice, where
intense are they to acquire it, that no come to America and together strive together with some half dozen others,
means is deprecated which works to to learn our language and customs, they are the mainstay in the church,
this end. than there is between the American the Christian Endeavor, and the Sun
The fact that many of the oriental born child and his oriental parents, day School. At the next communion,
students coming to us are of advanced the latter, for a time, finding it dif a Japanese youth of this year's gradu
school age, makes it easy for the ficult to place himself, until the pro ating class, the captain of the H.B.S.
Hawaiian boy or any boy, in fact, cesses of occidental education assist in military organization and a potential
whose education has been neglected or the adjustment. The older boys com leader, will be taken into the First
retarded to enter without embarrass ing into maturity, yet still at an im Foreign Church. He does this with
ment or without being conspicuous. pressionable age, are alert and assim the consent of his Buddhist parents.
158 THE FRIEND July. 1923.

At the same time, a fine Filipino lad, terests; and with the hospitality charac but at the present time this surplus is
reared, up to the time of his entrance to teristic of his race, welcomes his used up and approximately $6,000.00
Hilo Boarding School, a Catholic, will brothers from other lands, and gladly will be needed to meet expenses to the
take the same step. In my experience shares with them the advantages he close of the present school year, August
with American boys extending over a enjoys. Being host, he is gracious. The 31.
period of many years, I could not select sensitive, emotional child of the tropics Other Donations
among the hundreds of my acquaintance, in contact with the virile, vigorous Generous donations from Geo. N.
finer young men than these, nor those oriental, adjusts his temperamental dif Wilcox, Albert Wilcox, Sam Wilcox.
more likely to leave their impress on the ferences with profit to both. George N. Castle, C. M. Cooke, Ltd.,
world. Besides these, there are many Coming from his island home where Mary Castle Trust and others made it
others in the different churches, who, discipline has been negligible, he soon possible to put up the main school
through the teachings of the school, falls under the influence of the well- building now in use. There was also
supplemented by the influence of the ordered home life, and the military a valuable donation of land by the
consecrated pastors of Hilo, have em heirs of D. B. Lyman.
training, and he finds just the com
erged quietly and naturally from dark
petition in the boys of other nation Economy in Administration
ness into the light.
The Hilo Boarding School never alities that his ease-loving, care-free The Boarding School has always
loses sight of the fact that it is a school nature requires, to secure for him the been run on an economical basis. When
for native boys, and their first interests best we can give him. a want was felt and funds were not
are carefully guarded. The happy, If a boy can live without undue fric available the policy followed was to
poetic, lovable Hawaiian boy forms a tion in the Hilo Boarding School where get along without or fill the need by
historic and picturesque background to six or seven nationalities are represent our own efforts. This lack of funds
the school so long devoted to his in- ed, his success in life is assured. has always been a handicap ; thrown on
its own limited resources it has re
quired much ingenuity and hard work
School Funds to carry on the high standard of train
By Levi Ljlman ing in all lines, both academic and in
dustrial, that have been maintained.
Mr. Lyman, a grandson of the founder of on the books as the Seventy-fifth En
Hilo Boarding School, has recently com Trusting in the policy that "God
dowment Fund. This bringing up the helps those who help themselves" the
pleted twenty-five years of notable service
in the principalship of Hilo Boarding School. endowment to $120,578.89. idea of turning the boys' work in the
He and his talented wife have not only Mission Centennial Fund carpenter department to a revenue pro
"carried on" but have re-created in the
changeful times of modern Hawaii an out At the celebration of the one-hun ducer was developed ; this department
standing trade and agricultural school.—Ed. dredth anniversary of the arrival of the through a course of years has establish
IN the report of the Jubilee Celebra missionaries to these islands, a mem ed its reputation and become a material
tion in 1886 the following item ap orial fund was raised by the Hawaiian help in meeting the expenses of the
pears : "When D. B. Lyman, the found Board, the allotment of which, received school. Nevertheless, with the exercise
er, resigned as treasurer in 1881, he by the Boarding School, amounted to of the most rigid economy and the de
handed over to his successor, Reverend $40,048.68. velopment of this revenue producing
W. B. Oleson, $6,451.53 representing Gifts When Present School Building industry to supplement the annual
the total actual resources of the school Was Erected financial receipts, the school is faced
regarded in the nature of a Permanent with a shortage of funds from which
Other special donations have been
Fund." situation, the only remedy will be a
received from time to time and appear
Lyman Memorial Fund curtailment of work carried on or the
on the school books in the following
An attempt was made at the Jubilee increasing of the Endowment Fund. It
amounts : Westervelt Endowment,
Celebration to raise funds to increase is very much hoped that the latter may
$2.500.00 ; S. M. Damon Work Scholar be accomplished, and so materially that
this Permanent Fund, which was to be ship Endowment, $1000.00; Julia M.
called the "Lyman Memorial Fund" ; the school may not only hold its own
Atherton Trust Endowment, $1000.00; but be able to expand and develop its
this was successful in a measure and Johnson Memorial Endowment,
the amount was brought up to $11,- various departments to keep abreast of
$1000.00; making a total up to the the times.
511.65 at that time. A continued effort present time of $166,127.57.
was made through a number of years This fund is in charge of the Trus Needs for Improvements, Buildings,
and by December 31, 1900, it had in tees of the school and has been invested and Equipment
creased to $40,747.39. The gift of in the best securities obtainable. A In addition to the need of a larger
Charles R. Bishop Trust of $25,000.00 considerable part is invested in sugar endowment fund, the following are
added materially. At the present time plantation stocks. During the war pressing needs for the coming school
this fund stands on the school books period when these were paying high year :
in the amount of $80,698.67. dividends, a surplus was laid by from Balance to complete new Shop
Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Fund the income. This surplus has tided Building $1,282
At the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of over the school during the time of de Forges and equipment for new
the school in 1911, gifts amounting to pression following the war, when many Blacksmithing Shop 1,500
$39,880.22 were received and entered of the plantations suspended dividends ; Auto Shop Equipment 700
July, 1923. THE FRIEND 159

Tools for Carpenter Shop 350 you may find beneath the bamboo would find taro, pig, dog, fish, awa,
Printing Shop needs 158 some of the porous ala' rocks used to and all that they needed, also where
Farm needs 100 heat the imu, for they would not, like the ai kapu, or tabu food was to be
One ton Ford. Truck 600 solid ala', explode in the intense heat. reserved for her.
Library, Gymnasium and Music "You must dig a large imu in the "When I am in the imu," she bade
Departments 500 hill," commanded Hina, "bring wood them, "cover it well with ti leaves,
Dining Department equipment.... 210 from the upland, gather stones to heat then await my coming." Advancing
it, then bury me in the midst." into the midst she lay clown on the
$5,400 "You will only die in your attempt burning rocks, where, amid much wail
Expenses to close present school to save us," protested the kahunas and ing, she was covered by her people.
year 6,000 all the people, but she persisted, assur Thru her power over fire, she escaped
ing them that she would not die, but from the imu by travelling under
Total needs $11,400 that all would be saved. Reluctantly ground. Soon she appeared at the
With the deficit of the current year they did her bidding. When the imu spring of Po-po' alaea on the Hamakua
the school now is absolutely in need had been heated, and the red hot rocks side of the ancient trail to Waianuenue
of about $12,000 additional to the re rolled into position with the ulu sticks, ( Rainbow Falls) which runs thru a
gular income to enable it to carry on she pointed out to them where they (Concluded on next page)
efficient work. Should the above
amount and an increased endowment be
raised, the Trustees hope that with
the outlook for increased dividends the Americanization-Education
future needs will be adequately met. By Judge Homer L. Ross
Education is the foundation on which Citizens, who would be greatly offend-
the perpetuity of the United States ed if they were charged with being
Legendary Setting government rests. A government is unpatriotic and disloyal to their country,
By Theodore Kelsey neither better nor worse than its citi- openly and without compunction of
zens intellectually deserve, and the av- conscience violate one of the provisions
SEAWARD of the three hills which
rise back of Hilo, lies that fertile erage standard of intelligence, is the of its highest law. The effect of such
tract of level land, so generously given determining factor. So, if we would a mental attitude with regard to one
maintain our government, even at its constitutional provision does not seem
by the chiefs in loving welcome to
present high standard, we must main- to register in their minds, nor give
their teachers from afar. On this land
tain our citizenry at least at the pre- them the least concern as to the likely
they were to establish an institution,
sent average standard of intelligence. fate of other constitutional provisions
such as should serve not only as a
With the constant immigration of by them held sacred.
school but as a home for the youth of
aliens, and their numerous offspring, Natural born and children of natural
Hawaii. how is this average intelligence to be
Pnnahoa (Close Companions) was the bom citizens are presumed to be rea
name of this region, named for the sustained? We have read much dur
sonably familiar with the history, tra
beautiful maiden Punahoa. Adjoining ing recent years of Americanization
and Americanizing influences; but just ditions and laws of the United States,
this tract, and also a portion of the what is meant? Do they mean to direct and are Plumed to be patnotic and
Boarding School lands is Ponahawai
their Americanizing influence only on to have an abiding love for their coun-
(Circular Clearing containing Water)
also named for a beautiful maiden, the the rising generation, the sons and try, but no such presumption prevails
Princess Ponahawai. daughters of alien parents? —and many as to the alien born and his children.
Mauka (upland) of the School, in the of the articles would seem to limit it No one can be presumed to be at
top of the first hill, is a large hollow to such—or is this influence to be ex- tached to the laws of a country of
erted on all, alien born and citizens of v^lich laws he has no knowledge, and
hill, across the bottom of which Rev.
the soil alike? therefore will have no patriotic love
D. B. Lyman once carried on his
shoulders his little son Fred, who lived If we mean by Americanization the for that country whose laws, traditions
and history are to him unknown.
to be a gray-haired magistrate of Hilo, process of developing citizens into
thru taro so high that he could not patriotic, law-abiding, law-respecting For the purpose of Americanizing
see over it. where now grows a tall clump citizens, then we must not limit our and developing a high order of citizens
of bamboo. This crater-like hollow, endeavor to sons and daughters of citizens patriotic, law-abiding and
the story relates, is really a gigantic alien parents. The same influence that law-respecting, a law should be en-
imu, or Hawaiian oven, painfully dug will develop the alien born and his acted commanding that in every school
in the top of Puu o Hala'i, Hill of children into patriotic, law-abiding and '" the whole land, the Constitution of
Ceased Clamor, (hala'i ka walaau, ?) law-respecting citizens, can be exerted the United States, be taught as a re-
by the command of Queen Hina a ke with a like beneficial effect on the na- gular, compulsory course of study,
Ahi, eldest daughter of the goddess tive born. and taught by American Citizens,
Hina, the mother of our famous demi It is probably true that never in the familiar with its traditions, its history,
god Maui, who, at the time of a great history of the United States has there and the principles on which the gov-
drought and famine, thus saved her been a time when there was as much eminent is founded, and who love this
beloved subjects. Even to this day disrespect for law as there is today, country—our country, America !
160 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

break in the mauka wall about thirty

paces down the road to the Jail. Again The School Through trie Eyes of the Principal
travelling under ground, she next ap George M. Hargra-Oe
peared at the spring of Moewaa, where
a large depression may still be seen LOCATION the faith. They enjoy their Christian
on the Wetmore land back of the THE Hilo Boarding School is Endeavor, and some of the meeting?
Comity Offices. Going under ground beautifully situated in Hilo, are very inspiring and helpful. A re
for the last time she once more ap Hawaii, on an elevation back of and gular Bible study course is given in
peared at Ilina-auau-wai. a spring overlooking the city proper, just makai the daily curriculum besides the Sunday
located above the track at the end of of the first Halai Hill. It is an ideal School, prayer meeting, church, and
Haili Street just a little toward Hama- spot for a school, cool and refreshing, chapel services.
kua from where the water now flows with an atmosphere of quiet so suit The school has, since its conception,
into the sea. Then, after refreshing able for study. been a Christian institution. The mis
herself in the cool water, she went to The grounds comprise forty acres of sionaries saw the great need for such
rejoin her people. At first they were land divided into pasture, garden, taro a school, and it is hoped that those
sceptical but finally, when convinced and fruit acreages, and experiment and who follow later will never forget the
that their Hina had really returned, building plots, which includes a fine great purpose to which we owe our very
they cried for joy. Opening the imu playground and drill field. existence.
and finding food just where their Thomas Carlyle says, "It is in society
Purposes.
Queen said it would be, they ate to that Man first feels what he is ; first
their hearts' content. The Hilo Boarding School was found
ed eighty-seven years ago for the pur becomes what he can be. In society
Envious of the success of her elder pose of teaching' the Hawaiian youth an altogether new set of spiritual activ
sister. Hina-kulu-i-ua, or Ilina-a-ka- some of the principles which would ities are involved in him, and the old
ua, who had power over rain, but not tend to make them better men. and to immeasurably quickened and strengthen
fire, determined to follow her example help them to better cope with the ever- ed. Society is the general element
on her hill just above Hala'i. now call changing conditions of state and eco wherein his nature first lives and
ed Puu Honu because this sister was nomic affairs. This has been the pur grows." It is with such a social training
lazy and did not accomplish anything pose of the school to date. as this that we hope to encourage our
(nee wale iho no i kauhale) her at About thirty years ago, the trustees boys.
tempt proved fatal. The demi-god realized that the school was not doing Academic Training.
Maui, seeing the spirit of his aunt all that it could for Hawaii and Boys entering school with only a
floating in the form of a dark cloud humanity in general by only admitting little knowledge of English, or without
over her hill, changed himself into a Hawaiian boys, when there were a great any education in the English language,
white chicken and, flying into the air, many other nationalities in Hawaii who are put in the preparatory class, where
caught the spirit in the form of two would either become citizens of the English is taught them just as any
heavy drops of rain. Changing back U.S. or would some day be fathers of other language ,would be taught to one
into a man again, he ran with them citizens, and who were destined to have having no knowledge of it. As soon
to the Pali of Holei at Panau nui, a great influence in the public affairs as a boy has mastered enough English
Puna, where he cooked one of the of Hawaii. These trustees, knowing to take up third grade work, he i>
drops in order to lessen the rains of the wonderful opportunity the Hilo promoted to that grade. The work of
Hilo, thus giving his mother more Boarding School had to further the this department carries a boy through
chance to dry her kapa. cause of Christ and to teach and train the eighth grade and into some first
the boys in Americanization and citizen year high school subjects. The acad
One of the drops fell from Maui's ship, decided to open the doors to other emic work is all done during the fore
hand in the forest of Panaewa, where nationalities. To day we have repres noon, from 8.50 to 12.00.
it flew so swiftly that he could not entatives of six different nationalities Every effort is made to keep up the
recapture it. It became Ka Ua Haleu all living together as brothers and all high standard of the school. At pre
Ole, the sudden rain that comes into being taught the great truths for which sent the grading is approximately one
Hilo from the east, over the sea. America stands. grade above that of the public schools.
Puu Honu, the second hill back of Christian and Social Training. by which our eighth grade compares
the school, was the hill from which The primary reason for which boys favorably with the ninth of the public
Princess Ruth last prayed when she come to us is to learn more and better school.
made sacrifice to Pele in order to stop English and we realize that this can Shop Training and the Dignity of
the lava flow of 1881, which advanced only be done by speaking and reading Labor.
to within about half a mile of Hilo. good English. We place in their hands This is an industrial and scientific
Puu o Kamalii, the last of the three, when they first come, a copy of the age, and we feel that to give a hoy
hills, in which there is no imu, was Holy Bible, the greatest of all books, only an academic training is onlv
so called because it was an ancient and they are taught to read and love partially doing our part toward fitting
playground from the top of which it. The boys are eager to learn of the him for his place in society. At pre
children and others slid down on the truths and principles for which Christ sent, very thorough courses are given
sleds used in the pastime known as came, taught, and died. Every oppor in carpentry, wood finishing, wood
holua. tunity is taken to encourage them in turning, blacksmithing, printing, automo
 July, 1923. THE FRIEND 161

bile, home crafts, and agriculture. are in school. To this end, certain
Every boy spends six or more hours friends of the Boarding School have
in the shops, thus giving him an op established a scholarship fund for
portunity to learn something of these worthy Hawaiian boys. Realizing, how
trades, broadening his knowledge and in ever, that the worth of such a plan is
general fitting him better to do what sometimes lost if the recipient is en
ever he is called upon to do in later couraged to accept it as a free gift, a
life. plan has been evolved whereby each
Craft Shop. boy on a scholarship is able to work
out the amount of his tuition in vari
One of the most interesting and pro ous ways at the school during the year.
fitable departments of the shop courses
He gives a certain number of hours a
is the work done in the Craft Shop, week outside of his regular work
where novelties, curios, and furniture hours, times that would otherwise be
of every description, made of the beau
devoted to play, and thus is led to feel
tiful Hawaiian koa wood, are polish
that he is giving full value received
ed and displayed for sale. Boys train for his education.
ed in the polishing room learn to give
the high French polish to all such Anyone having a worthy Hawaiian
articles, as well as the various pro boy in mind who is without the means
cesses of preparing the wood for the of furthering the education he needs
polishing process. can do no better act of service than to
This shop is a rendezvous for tour arrange for this boy^to enter school on
Principal Hargrave
ists who are seeking something distinct the work scholarship plan. Informa
ly typical of the Islands, and is no tion can be obtained by writing the
which, in the end, means clean man
small means of revenue to the school. principal of the Hilo Boarding School.
hood.
Island people are also glad to take ad Our Mission.
vantage of it when they wish to make Physical Training.
The future possibilities of the Board
a gift that savors of Hawaii. The plan of the physical training pro ing School are unlimited. It has a dis
Leadership and Discipline. gram is to cooperate with the physio tinct mission and those in charge are
The United States stands for a people logy and hygiene classes in such a way endeavoring to have it fulfill this
governed by themselves, and this is that problems which can only be touch mission.
the principle by which the Hilo Board ed upon in the latter can be worked
out and enlarged upon in the former. To bring to the youth who enter its
ing School boys are governed. This doors, that knowledge of life which
is accomplished through an honor This class meets once a week for each
grade, under the direction of a com will better fit him to mingle with his
system with five degrees of standing,
petent instructor. Aside from the re fellowmen in a manly way, to make
the special privilege being the highest,
and third honor on parole the lowest, gular physical training program of him a leader for good in the com
which takes away all the boy's priv muscular and posture development, it munity in which he resides, and to
ileges. A body of three judges elected is the aim to take up such problems as train him to use his hands in an in
by the students themselves meets once "First Aid to the Injured," "Methods telligent manner, never forgetting the
a week with the principal, and judges of Carrying the Wounded," "Resuscita dignity of working with his hands,
on the offenses of the week which in tion of the Drowned," and "Problems of this is the mission which the Board
clude offenses between boy and boy, the Adolescent Youth." ing School is seeking- to carry out, and
breaking of rules or misconduct in class, is summed up in our motto, "Hand,
Work Scholarship. Heart, and Brain."
in fact all misdemeanors. The decision
of this court is final and the discredits The aim of our school is, as our The training of these three are neces
given by this court are marked against motto states, the training of the "Hand, sary for every young man of Hawaii.
the boy, reducing his privileges. Heart, and Brain," for in these three It may not be possible for every boy
Respect and obedience is gained assets lies the germ of character. who enters our doors to become a
through the military organization Friends of education as well as educa citizen of the U.S. but it is very pos
which is comprised of all the boys in tors themselves, realize today that the sible that all will some day be the
the school under a competent instructor. real worth of an education lies not fathers of such citizens, and it is our
only in the knowledge gained by the mission, as it is that of all other
Athletics. student, but in the character which he schools, to cause these young men to
The old adage, "All work and no builds, and the friends and associates
play makes Jack a dull boy" is as true learn of the truths for which America
which he forms while in school. stands, and to help them to so absorb
today as when the saying was origin
ated. To this end we encourage all This character-building age is dur these truths into their very systems
forms of clean athletics, deeming it one ing the teens; therefore it is the desire that they will become true Americans.
of the finest ways in which a man can of all who have the interests of young Note.—Read article by Judge Homer
learn to meet success or defeat man people at heart, to see to it, that as far L. Ross on "Americanization—Educa
fully. Our slogan is "Clean Athletics" as possible boys and girls of this age tion," elsewhere in this issue.
162 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

Whittier resigned, having given to the

Kokala Girls' School school years of hard, earnest service
Historical Sketch By Emma R. Bond of which we today are reaping the
benefit.
Mrs. Bond is the wife of Or. B. D. Bond, of Waimea, as principal; Miss Thomp During the year 1907, when Mrs. W.
son of the Rev. Elias Bond, founder of the
school. The successful years of later his son, a young half white girl, assistant, W. Bristol was principal, the girls"
tory are largely due to the wise guidance and Rev. and Mrs. Luhian in charge of wash-room and bath-rooms were built :
and tireless effort of Dr. and Mrs. Bond. the cooking and outside work. the funds for which she was largely
ON the third of December, 1923, One feature of the cooking depart instrumental in raising. At this time
Kohala Girls' School will have ment, was the baking and pounding of our graduates were first given diplomas.
passed its forty-ninth year. taro into paiai, which in itself was no In 1916 a cottage was erected on the
It seems therefore fitting at this small task. grounds to accommodate twelve girls
time to look over its history and to There were only two buildings on the and a teacher which relieved, in a meas
note its growth through this period of grounds; the main building consisted of ure, our crowded dormitory conditions.
almost half a century. the dining-room which also served as The crowning glory of all is our new
The founder. Reverend Elias Bond, the school-room. There was only one Industrial Building which was finished
who did so much for the education of parlor then, the other being used as in December, 1921, and equipped at a cost
Hawaiian youth, for he had charge of Miss Lyons' bed-room, and the two of $22,000. It is complete in every par
the public schools in this district for bed-rooms above for the teachers' use, ticular and is a constant joy to students
many years, and had maintained a while the old sewing-room was the and teachers, and is the equal of any
boarding school for boys for thirty- girls' dormitory. No use was then made building for its purpose on the islands.
six years, desired to do something for of the room above. It is the hope of the Board of Man
the girls whereby they might secure, A wash-room and bath-room com agers that before we celebrate our
besides the common branches, instruc bined stood in the center of the grounds, fiftieth anniversary, funds for a much
tion in Christian living and practical almost where the fan palm tree stands needed dormitory may be available.
training in housekeeping. The Kohala today. Many years later when this While it is true that most of our build
Girls' School stands as a memorial of building was removed, the material was ings are plain and old, yet we have been
his love for the Hawaiian people. "It used to build the stables. building something more permanent
was his greatest educational work, and At the end of the sixth year under than a temporary habitation. Kohala
to it he gave his very life." Miss Lyons' management the enroll Girls' School is character building.
The location of the school was on ment was sixty. This was more than While modest of its achievements, and
the ground formerly occupied by the the school could comfortably accommo realizing that acts are worth more than
first courthouse and judge's house. date. Thereafter the number of pupils words, yet we feel too, that the public
The clearing of these grounds and was limited to forty-five. would know nothing of this school if its
erecting of fences was done by Mr. In 1878, four years later, it was found voice were not sometimes raised to tell
Bond aided by the boys of his. board impossible to continue the work with of its work. On our big island there
ing school, and they also built the stone are few homes which have not had, at
out a regular school-room, and the
foundation of the house. A white car some time, one or more members at
present school-house was built.
penter from Waimea (D. F. Sanford) Miss Lyons was a great lover of tending this school.
was secured to take the job and he was flowers, and, with the girls' assistance, On one of our opening days a girl
assisted by a native man and one of cultivated the grounds until roses, helio coming from East Hawaii said. "I
the deacons. Money and carpenters trope and honeysuckle transformed them haven't any money to come to this
were scarce, so from early morning into a beauty spot. school, but I want to come. I thought
until late at night Mr. Bond worked Miss Lyons was principal eight years, it would be better to talk to you, for
with all his might. resigning in October, 1882, having had if I wrote a letter I was afraid that
Is it any wonder that through all the responsibility of organizing the first you would say 'no.' So can't you give
these years that main building stands girls' school on Hawaii, to which she me some work to do? I'll do anything :
today and is still used as a dormitory gave her strength unreservedly. only let me stay."
and for teachers' bedrooms and sitting- Miss M. Whittier succeeded Miss The girl was admitted, and the prin
room? Lyons, a relative of the poet Whittier, cipal had the responsibility of devising
Truly he was a master builder and and she was assisted by two able ways and means by which to help sup
builded for time ! teachers. Two years later a building port this student.
The first school day, December 3, for laundry purposes was erected and
1874, was a typical, Kohala rainy day. in 1891 the addition to the upper dor Such requests are not unusual nor are
And the three or four pupils who were mitory and Franklin Hall were built, they confined to our own island.
brave enough to venture out in the with two new rooms for teachers, and For the practical side of our work-
storm, and face new surroundings, three rooms on the ground floor. In one story will suffice. Two travelers.
found comfortable quarters in their 1893 two rooms were added to the south driving through Kona in the days when
school home. side of the school house. As the attend automobiles were unknown here, real
The number of pupils increased gradu ance had again increased to sixty these ized, as it was late afternoon, that thev
ally until twenty-eight were enrolled additions were found to be imperative. must look about for some place to
the first year, with Miss Lizzie Lyons. In 18*55. on account of ill health. Miss spend the night. Drawing up to a
lulv. 1923. THE FRIEND 163

Kohala Girls' School scenes, showing, upper left, fine new industrial building; upper right, student body; lower, front and rear views
of dormitory.

cottage by the roadside, they were told No student is allowed to take piano the life of Father and Mother Bond is
by the Hawaiian and his wife that they instruction whose tuition is not paid that the Bond house at Kohala" is the
could be accommodated there. The room entirely by her family, for it sometimes only one of all the eighteen mission sta
was spotlessly neat. The supper table occurs that a parent will offer to pay
tions which is still home to the original
was set with a white cloth, with a vase for piano lessons who does not pay the
regular tuition charges of one hundred mission family of children who were
of flowers in the center.
The meal consisted of fresh beef dollars a year. born in it. In it was created a home,
stew, boiled rice and baked sweet pota Judged by its fruits, as the Great the first one of its kind in all Kohala
toes, with soda biscuits, guava jelly Teacher taught, we believe that few nei. It was a home of industry and in
and fragrant coffee. After a comfort schools, if any. can make a better show finite patience, where the mother, and
able night's rest, as the travelers were ing than the manual training school for
father, too. would often, save for an
saying goodbye, the lady in the party Hawaiian girls founded by "Father
Bond," in Kohala, almost half a cen abiding faith, have been taxed far be
asked : "How did you learn to make
a home like this?" "Oh. I've been to tury ago. yond endurance.
the Kohala Girls' School. I learned This was a home where the little
there how to keep house." This school mother sat long into the night sewing by
claims as an asset its simple life which A Mission Home Wkick candlelight to keep not only her children
can be adapted to improve conditions in
the average Hawaiian home. The watch Is Still "Home" and herself, but also her husband,
word of the school is. BE PRAC An interesting fact brought out by clothed, for sewing machines and even
TICAL. Miss Damon in her historical sketch of whale oil lamps were later inventions.
164 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

even physical, apathy hung like a pall

Fa&ier and Mother Bond over the people. It remained for such
high-souled adventurers as Ellen and
By Etkel M. Damon Elias Bond to bring in their hands the
For notes on the life and work of Rev. I remember her amazing rapidity of best gifts of their own form of civiliza
Elias and Mrs. Ellen Bond, from which
Miss Damon has quoted, modern Hawaii is motion, it made us apprentices laugh to tion.
indebted to Miss Caroline 8. Bond, who was see her go upstairs. It was just a Their mission station was bleak and
her father's companion during the later streak. And she would come down
years of his life. isolated, three miles from the shore,
making her feet fly, but she did not destitute of attraction to white people
TO look back half a century for the seem to touch anything. She was rather other than themselves, yet serving a
beginnings of the Kohala School shy of us boys, but was a bright and widely distributed native population of
for Girls does indeed seem to be delving merry child. I thought of her as agile, more than seven thousand souls. These
into antiquity, to be recalling from a re deft, lithe, spry as anything in fairy people literally swarmed to church, and
mote past the sound of hammers on its land." Ten years later, studying to be when three thousand were seated, hun
first walls and the voice of the first a missionary teacher, she had become dreds were left standing outside in the
prayers raised for its future of useful very serious and dignified. Mr. Ham rain. On sunny days they came from
ness and power. lin's last memory of her was of a visit still greater distances, often numbering
In point of fact, however, its origins to the study of his parsonage to seek as many as five thousand. Their for
must be sought thirty years farther his advice: "I was quite charmed with eign teacher had the task of building a
back than that when in 1842 the first her appearance," he writes, "and I en house of God in their midst, and this,
school for girls was opened by Mother couraged her if she loved Mr. Bond to with their heroic aid, he did, not once,
Bond in the old home, then only a go with him to the end of the earth. but many times, when the frail struc
small portion of the present dwelling Small in person, she was large in en tures were wrecked by Kona storms. To
house sheltered from Kohala gales by ergy, capacity, life and loveliness." accomplish any work, the young mis
a frail thatched roof. And if one be
In 1841 these two young people came sionary couple must live, and so their
keenly set on the trail of budding im
to Kohala, she barely twenty-four years own house came into being, the little
pulses, influences, motives, and shaping
old, he not twenty-eight, to spend not house of stone and plaster with its thick
of character, one must glance still fur
walls and low-ceilinged rooms. Many a
ther back toward the opening of the only their lives, but themselves, in the
nineteenth century into the life of a service of its people. They were in story that old house could tell, if those
deeply religious, hard-working family deed imbued with the spirit of their who touch its walls would stop to
which made a truly New England home mission, and having once put their hand listen. Unique it stands, the only one
on the bank of the Kennebec River in to the plough, were not to be deterred of all the eighteen mission stations
Maine, where the boy Elias Bond not by any single or combined discourage which is still home to the original mis
only learned the craft of house and ment. Unlike some others, the chief sion family of children who were born
farm, but drank in eagerly the living of Kohala showed only a lukewarm in in it, in it was created a home, the first
stories of moral darkness in "far Cey terest in the work of educating and sav one of its kind in all Kohala nei. It
lon's Isle." One must lose oneself a ing his people, of helping them to meet was a home of industry and infinite
century back to picture the absorbed the demands of the strange new civil patience, where the mother, and father
interest of the small boy in stories of ization which was forcing itself upon too, would often, save for an abiding
the first company of missionaries to the them. Not storms, nor pestilence, nor faith, have been taxed far beyond en
Sandwich Islands which grew increas desolating loneliness even, were able durance. Once when two months had
ingly vivid to him when his father to discourage these two consecrated pio passed without sight of another white
had printed and distributed abroad the neers whose first and last thought was face, without message even of any sort
first letters written by Hawaiian chiefs. schools, and more schools, for the from another mission station, Mr. Bond
And beside that one must place the church was but a larger and higher wrote to Honolulu : "One needs an
companion picture of tiny Ellen Howell school. India rubber patience and I have been
who, as a child a century ago in Port Difficult indeed is it for us to think trying to make mine such by putting
land, Maine, danced her way into the back to the time when Hawaii literally it out and out,—but it begins to crack."
hearts of her uncle's apprentices in the had no schools, to that time of transi This was a home where the little
watch-making trade. One of these ap tion, the interregnum between ancient mother sat long into the night sewing
prentices was Cyrus Hamlin, who later and modern civilizations. Schools in by candlelight to keep not only her chil
became the famous missionary to Tur deed there had been in primitive Ha dren and herself, but also her husband,
key and founder of Roberts College in waii,—schools of farming, of naviga clothed, for sewing machines and even
Constantinople. So vivid a memory of tion, of house and canoe-building, of whale-oil lamps were later inventions.
little Ellen Howell did he retain that poetry, of singing, of dancing, of court It was a home, moreover, to be shared
fifty years afterward he made in these etiquette, of temple worship, schools for with the people of Kohala, for here
words the only early portrait of her the arts of peace as well as of war. Mr. Bond established his first normal
which exists : "She was a fascinating But with the coming of white men, these school for the instruction of native men
little girl, bubbling over with life, and primitive arts and sciences were dis and boys who should go out to the
moved as though her muscles were of credited, doomed to the slow death of common schools of the Kohala district.
steel springs, and would jump over any ignorance and ridicule. Small wonder On January 28, 1842, six months after
thing and come down as softly as a cat. that spiritual and mental, as well as landing in Kohala, he writes: "I have
July, 1923. THE FRIEND 165

commenced a school for teachers twice children." But before the first of these not, although we sometimes think it is,
per week." Less than two months later nine children was five months old, this an invention af the twentieth century.
he writes to Brother Lyman who had mission home was opened to the girls' Just how long Mother Bond was able
started the Hilo Boarding School in school. Let me quote the modest re to continue guiding this "pursuit of
1836: "My school for teachers is going cord from letters written by Father studies," we do not know. But her
on finely. I am collecting materials for Bond. "Jan. 28, 1842. Mrs. Bond ex children know that her heart was al
three or four houses and intend as soon pects to commence a school for girls in ways in it, and that long after her
as possible to establish a school for the course of one or two weeks." Two strength had become inadequate to the
boys,—but I don't expect to eclipse months later : "Mrs. Bond's school task, she still persisted in walking
your school till next year!" With all the flourishes finely, and mine is quite as from her home up the hill far beyond
difficulties and hardships, Brother Bond full of interest as ever." Formal re the old Hawaiian church to conduct the
could still see the humorous side of his cord of the girls' work is made in women's prayermeeting which she had
modest efforts in comparison with the Father Bond's station report of April begun as a young woman years before.
already well-established school in Hilo. 30, 1842, which still exists in manu Gradually, as the Hawaiian Govern
The development of the boys' school of script in the archives of the Hawaiian ment took over the charge of public
Kohala would make a story by itself, Mission Children's Society : "About schools,—the lineal descendants of the
for in less than two years after it was two months since Mrs. Bond opened a early mission schools all over the
opened, a letter from Mr. Bond states : school for the more promising girls in Islands,—the hope of Father and Mother
"We found it impossible to keep chick our vicinity. Our experience thus far Bond became centered in the building
ens after our garden was started. 1 has given us assurance that the labor of a boarding school for girls. The
therefore put the remaining ones with will not be lost. It was proposed to needs of the boys had long been met,
the poi into the stomachs of my boys, receive twenty pupils, but more came at least as far as was possible with
where I presume they together furnish and begged to be admitted, until the very limited means. And for a time
a very comfortable purpose. My boys number was swelled to forty. From the little day school in Mother Bond's
do the work and I pay them. We get these she selected about thirty who re home helped to serve the girls. But
string beans, shell beans, squashes, main, and most of them manifest a very the Bond children soon filled the old
pumpkins, radishes, onions, tomatoes, laudable desire to be instructed in their home with all the responsibility that
sweet corn, cucumbers, melons, sugar daily studies. As many as eight or ten one mother could well carry. She rare
cane, bananas, taro, guavas, pine-apples, of these come five, six, or eight miles ly attended General Meeting even, that
mulberries, strawberries, sweet and Irish daily, or rather four days in each week, inspiration of lonely, isolated months
potatoes, and a small variety of flowers. to attend the school. Studies pursued and years, for it took all her strength
Some of the produce we eat, some goes are Arithmetic, Daily Food, the Little to clothe and feed her family and to
to natives when we have more than Philosopher, and the Bible." conduct a daily school for the younger
enough, and when I find a good oppor Mark the words, "Studies pursued." ones. Help in the kitchen was inade
tunity I send a lapfnl to Waimea for quate at best and a great deal of the
This is an indication, not a mere trick
Brother Lyons." laundry fell to the mother's share. Even
of phraseology. In these modern times
Girls, too, were included in the care we roll to school on rubber tires or are her best Hawaiian cook was discovered
and thoughts of these pioneer mission whirled thither by electricity, and once one day in a violent rage, angrily turn
teachers. And it was within the actual arrived there, we passively "take" ing over a huge calabash of poi on
walls of this early home that the first courses that are "offered" us. Eighty his wife's head. What help there was
school for girls was started in Kohala. years ago girls tramped miles through had to be watched as closely as chil
Unlike that for the boys, it was a day wind and weather to "pursue studies." dren ! And so in later years the time
school, for the girls were not being Nothing so passive in those days, noth for personally conducting a girls' school
trained to go out as teachers, nor to ing short of an eager and thirsty pur simply did not exist.
make their own living independently ; suit after knowledge. Today we look In the summer of 1874 ground was
and so, four days every week, they with vivid interest at those little broken for the girls' seminary. With
trudged to school and back, through rain Hawaiian primers and text books of so all his other cares, and with the weight
and mud, or sun and heat. The early long ago. They were among the earliest of sixty years,' Father Bond plunged
records of this little school are pitifully achievements of the mission press, into the work with the same vigor that
meager, but reading between the lines translations of chapters and books from had characterized his initial labors thirty
brings out more or less distinctly the the" Bible, of the "Little Philosopher," years before. This had been the dream
features of its achievement. In only one of various scripture readings. This of a lifetime. Money was still scarce,
formal report is it mentioned, and later last, with a verse for every day in the for although the sugar plantation had
in a few letters written by Father Bond. month and every month in the year, a been started to keep the Hawaiians
Gradually, notice of it becomes eclipsed scripture calendar, was rightly called from drifting to Honolulu, sugar did
by stress of occupation with the church "Daily Bread," Ai o ka La. The pupils not begin to pay until after the passage
and the boys' school. The mothers of in this first Kohala Girls' School, some of the reciprocity treaty with the
the mission were not expected to "speak of them grown women, were taught United States, later in the seventies.
in meeting," and were not asked to likewise to use needle and thread, as Early dawn and late evening found
make reports on their work. In one well as to spell out words from Hawai Father Bond hard at work about the
brief phrase the missionary album sums ian primers, for our much vaunted building, for "mechanics were not readi
up Mother Bond's life history: "Nine "domestic science" training of today is ly secured, and though a carpenter was
166 THE FRIEND July, 1923.

at last found, the work must be push

ed." At his advanced age, Father Bond
seriously impaired his health by this
over-exertion, for it never occurred to
him to stint his offering toward the
work. With his own hands he even
planted mango and pear trees for the
girls' future use, and himself laid a
pipe down the side of the gulch from
the old watercourse of Kamehameha, in
order that the girls might have running
water at least in the house. And today
this old lead pipe is as good as it was
half a century ago.
Well indeed did the school repay this
lavish gift of love and time and care.
Its first principal was Miss Lizzie
Lyons, daughter of Father Bond's life
long colleague at Waimea. and this
eager young principal was one of those
beings gifted, as the Hawaiians say,
with "the growing hand." King Midas Esprit de corps and a deep-rooted love for their alma mater was manifest last year,
when, at the call of Miss Mary L. Gardner, a former principal, a group of graduates
of the garden, everything she touched and former members of Kohala Girls' School gathered in Honolulu. The above pic
sprang into bloom. Not only just about ture was taken at that time. In the group are young women who are leaders in
many island communities; at least one is a well-known and highly respected busi
the building itself, but all over the yard ness woman of Honolulu; others are teachers, craftswomen, home-makers. It is to
she soon had, as in the old home gar such leaders that the Hawaii of the future must look for a high type of citizenry.

dens of the Lyons and the Bonds at

Waimea and Kohala, masses of fragrant
hel'otrope, roses everywhere, and sweet The Alumni of Kohala Girls' School
geraniums. The school girls did all By Rev. T. C. Williams
the work of house and yard, carrying
IT has been written that the final test summer school at the Military Camp.
water to the trees and plants. Twice a
of a religious sect is its capacity for One teacher stood out as a social and
week was baking day when they filled
Christianizing its members. Then the religious leader among the public school
their own imu with taro and laulau. final test of a school is its capacity for teachers. It seemed to be a matter of
Like the boys, they cultivated their own training its students for fine and use course that she had been trained at the
vegetable garden and potato field, sup ful living. Kohala Girls' School nobly K.G.S.
plying their table abundantly. Home- meets this test. The alumni themselves Do we in Kohala meet women of
makers, they carried away with them are the first to appreciate the contribu Hawaiian or Chinese ancestry on com
many an ideal and many a practical tion the school has made by their loyal- mittees engaged In welfare, religion^
turn of the hand which have meant ity to its interests. In the five years or political activity the chances two to
steady progress to Hawaii nei. I have known Kohala the forty odd one are that they have lived and studied
local alumni have raised over $1,100 within the walls of the K.G.S.
Truly, these seem labors worthy of for the school. Their annual dinner A year ago Miss Mary L. Gardner,
all praise. Laying foundations of high and fair has become a social event a former principal, visited Hawaii. In
ideals it was. at tremendous personal eagerly anticipated by the community vacation season on a few hours notice
cost, but when has life exacted less? and gives an occasion for all races to two dozen of her former pupils and
come together with a common purpose. other alumni gathered in Honolulu to
No employer in the Territory is more talk over the old good times. She found
A unique feature of Kohala Girls' concerned for the families of his em them doing in Honolulu what they are
School is the fact that the student body ployees than Mr. Alfred W. Carter, in Kohala.. giving Christian dignity and
an American atmosphere to the homes
is 90 per cent Hawaiian or part-Ha manager of the Parker Ranch. His of professional men. political or business
waiian. It is brought out elsewhere in long experience with the school has so leaders, or caring for themselves, living
this issue that with the exception of convinced him of effectiveness that he discreetly, soberly and in fear of God
Kamehameha Schools, endowment for personally endeavors to have every girl After watching the results in the lives
which is set aside by law for the educa residing on the ranch obtain part of her of the alumni of several years of living
tion of Hawaiian youth, it is the only education at the K.G.S. with carefully selected American Chris
school in the islands fulfilling the pur I spent some time at the Volcano tian women we are convinced that the
pose of its founder in serving the young during the summer that the Department effort, prayers and funds have been
people of Hawaiian ancestry. of Public Instruction was conducting a <^iven for a worth while purpose.
July, 1923. THE FRIEND 167

and anthems by rote. There have also

Principal's Report been classes in public school music in
which they learn to sing by note, and
By Mary H. Richardson to read music. Our music teachers this
ON the largest island of our group school on the whole group of Islands, year have excellent knowledge of voice
at the point looking toward the and justifies the love and pride felt by culture and our girls' singing is well
north, from whence come the cooling its graduates of decades gone by. spoken of as they have given musical
breezes that render our climate cool Kohala Girls' School stands preemi selections at various gatherings. It took
and delectable, though under a vertical nently a school for Hawaiians. With some time and extra effort to put on
sun, fifty years ago this fall was start the exception of Kamehameha Schools, a successful operetta in Kohala and
ed a school for girls by Reverend Elias endowment for which is legally set repeat it in Waimea, but with the help
Bond, that with a short intermission aside for the education of Hawaiian of some outside friends in costuming and
has continued its activities that have youth, it is the only school in the Islands stage setting its success was sufficient
resulted in a betterment of Hawaiian fulfilling the purpose of its founder to instill confidence and pride of the
character and homes, and raised the in serving the young people of Hawai girls in their school.
ian ancestry.
standards of social and political life The religious side of the girls' educa
wherever its pupils have gone. tion has not been neglected. Two
Throughout this past half century, classes in Bible study weekly give a
Kohala Girls' School has experienced foundational knowledge for the work of
various vicissitudes of fortune in finan the Christian Endeavor, which has
cial matters, as well as in its teaching thrived under the capable management
force, until today we find it running of one of our teachers. There the girls
with six teachers, an assistant matron, are learning to take their parts though,
and fifty girls in attendance, and oc small, with promptness and with poise.
cupying the old dormitory, a new in The daily devotional period in the morn
dustrial building, and the old school ing and evening helps them to cultivate
rooms, in which this past year new the inner spiritual life, and get into
modern seats have taken the place of habits that during the coming years
the substantial wooden seats made by may result in deepening fellowship with
Father Bond and his helpers in the the Unseen.
early days. The old buildings though On the whole, we feel that the school
ancient and plain are comfortable, but has made good advancement this past
they need repairs and painting from year, in spite of the handicaps con
time to time which involve expense, the sequent upon a teaching force changing
funds for which are sometimes lacking annually or biennially. The work is hard
to the school treasury. er than that of the governmental schools
The new Industrial Building com in that the teachers must carry respon
pleted at Christmas time a year ago, is sibility for the girls as do parents, day
modem, and beautiful in finish. It con and night. Teachers often become
tains a spacious dining hall with in worn and nervous in two years' time.
direct electric lighting, a sewing room Miss Richardson New teachers are often unfamiliar with
with shelves, drawers and cupboards, boarding school life and with condi
kitchen with Ray Crude Oil Burner, The past year has been one of def tions peculiar to our Islands, and this
hot and cold water connections, store inite progress along academic lines, the inexperience makes for inefficiency, but
rooms, matron's office, and in the base girls showing marked improvement in with the willingness to learn, and some
ment, eighteen laundry tubs, seventeen English, both spoken and written, and knowledge of pedagogical methods, add
ironing boards, shelter for drying, hot in literature, as well as in arithmetic, ed to the desire to do good, and make
bath and cold shower for the girls. history and civics, also geography. Sew one's life count for most in a burning
It is the earnest desire of those most ing and cooking, too, have been done love for humanity, the work goes for
interested, that a new dormitory may by the girls, as well as the crocheting ward in Kohala Girls' School.
be erected in the near future, so that in which the girls engage rather exten
the girls may have some privacy, in sively as a pastime. The housekeeping
of all the buildings and teachers' rooms Water from the old royal water
stead of sleeping in a large open ward. course is still furnished to Kohala Sem
It is also the desire of The Hawaiian is done by the girls, the matron and inary. Miss Damon writes of Father
Board to erect a new administration her assistant having general super
Bond, "he himself laid a pipe down the
building that shall contain the different vision of that work.
In addition to this work, twelve of side of the gulch from the old water
school rooms, with convenient acces
sories, as well as the various offices the girls have taken piano lessons of course of Kamehameha, in order that
necessary to the successful conducting one of our teachers, each practicing a the girls might have running water at
of the different departments. When half-hour or. more daily upon one of least in the house. And today this old
these buildings are erected we shall feel our three pianos. The chorus class has lead pipe is as good as it was half a
that our school is not surpassed by any met twice each week, and learned songs century ago!"
lrxS THE FRIEND July, 1923.

seen in this group ; all of them look

Our Operetta remarkably healthy, and, indeed, robust
for these islands. . . They were, in fact,
By Emma R. Bond the largest boys of their respective
IT is several years since the Girls' was held through all the difficult situa ages that I saw on the islands.
School has taken time to prepare an tions until the heroine, Miss Cherry "Through the kindness of Mr. Lyman,
operetta to present to the Kohala Blossom, secures her rightful lover. I was present at an examination of
public. The lack of an assembly hall The furniture used was Japanese, the scholars ; . . . the exercises in
is responsible for this. and the decorations of cherry trees with mental arithmetic would have done
Whatever therefore that is done in their wealth of blossoms gave the credit to our own country. . . I was
the nature of a public entertainment finishing touch to an artistic scene. The much pleased with the arrangements
must be given at the Kohala District kimonos for the principal actors were of the dormitory, eating- rooms, hospital,
hall, a mile and a half away. The time loaned by Japanese friends, two of and with the appearance of the "farm,"
or few acres they had under cultivation.
consumed in walking this, distance for the handsomest were valued at $150
It was very evident that system and
several rehearsals does not permit of each.
good order prevailed throughout. The
often taking the time from the daily Too much praise cannot be given the dormitory, particularly, appeared to me
routine work of the school for this pur staff of teachers who by their united well calculated to promote health, and
pose. efforts made the evening's program such
The seating capacity of the hall was a success. Some of the friends of the give notions of comfort foreign to the
taxed to its limit when, on May nine ideas of a native.
school claim "It was the best amateur "Mr. and Mrs. Lyman seem quite
teenth, the operetta of "Miss Cherry performance ever given in Kohala."
competent to the charge, particularly
Blossom" was presented by Kohala
Girls' School, under the direction of Because of this successful presenta the latter ; for one cannot but perceive
tion a request was sent to Mr. Alfred the hand of the mistress pervading
'Miss Helen Morgan and Miss Winifred
Carter, manager of Parker Ranch, ask throughout. This and Mrs. Coan's
Bell, teachers respectively, of piano,
ing that the school be allowed to repeat school for girls, are decidedly the best-
chorus and glee club.
conducted establishments, I saw in the
It was a Japanese play. To change the performance the following Saturday
night in Waimea. Mr. Carter not only Pacific."
a group of Hawaiian girls into maids
Nor was it all work and no play, for
and men from Tokio does not always granted the request, but paid all the
expenses of transportation and enter in 1842 the school made its first ex
produce a realistic result, but, under
tainment of both teachers and pupils pedition to the volcano, an enterprise
the skilful "make-up" of Mr. Waka-
and reimbursed the school for the per which was no light matter before the
yama, this was accomplished.
formance. days when horses were commonly used.
The singing and acting was good.
From the long and thrilling narrative
There were touches of wit and humor It is through friends like this that of this excursion, given in "Hawaiian
which the actors presented understand- the school life is made brighter for both
Yesterdays," I must quote at least the
inglv, and the interest of the audience students and teachers.
start of the little calvalcade. "Early
one Monday morning we were all astir,
and soon after nine o'clock were filing
Hilo Boarding School out of town by way of the volcano-
road. The schoolboys trooped along
By Ethel Damon at the head of the line, each one carry
ing a light bundle of warm clothing,
(Continued from page 155) tion, under Commander Wilkes, who native-cloth wraps for the night, and
food and fish. Two new applicants published in his official report num a few: rations of food. They were fol
had been received from Puna, a field erous comments on conditions as he lowed by a number of professional
hitherto unrepresented in the school. found them in Hilo. "There is at carriers, powerful men, laden with bed
Four boys had been clothed by their Hilo," he writes, "a boarding school for ding and provisions for the family.
parents without expense to the school. boys, under the care of Mr. and Mrs. Then came my mother, borne in a
But considerable difficulty was experi Lyman. . . . The annual expense of manele, or Hawaiian palanquin. Be
enced in the seizure by the king of each scholar is from sixteen to eighteen hind this vehicle, though their burdens
some of the school land. No security dollars ; the boys raise about one-fourth were not heavy, walked with leisurely
from such preemption was in sight, un of the food they consume. They culti steps our mules and Mrs. Coan's horse.
less a committee in Honolulu should vate a little sugar-cane, which was I rode one of the mules, while Munson
obtain from the king a grant of im estimated to be worth fifty dollars the (Coan) and Frederic (Lyman) travelled
munity from further encroachment. And last year. The boys eat at a common on pillions, clinging to my father and
it was eight years before a charter of table ; the dormitory is . . . immediate the groom, who formed the rear-guard
incorporation was finally obtained from ly over the school-room ; each bed- of the procession. David, the young
the government with a grant of 40 acres place is partitioned off into a small est, being only' two years old, was left
of land. room, with mats. The whole is ex at home in the care of Mrs. Coan."
With 1841 there came to Hilo the tremely neat and clean. The experiences which followed if
long remembered visit of the fleet of "The boys in this school appear space permitted would be well worth
the United States Exploring Expedi more cheerful than anv others I have reading, as are also those of subsequent
July, 1923. THE FRIEND iff)

economy," showed in 1851 an expendi

ture of only $16.36. "Twelve years
ago," the report continues, "it was not
very uncommon for even those parents
who provided comparatively well for
their children at home, to strip them
before bringing- them to the school, or
perhaps present them in decent attire,
but leave them with only a few rags.
For some years past, the feeling has
been pretty general, and is becoming
more and more so, that they have no
claim on the school for clothes. If
parents, now, take clothes from their
sons in school, it is only some old gar
ment in exchange for a better one.
There have been instances of boys,
either orphans or those not assisted by
their parents, who have labored nearly
all the vacations for two or three years
to furnish themselves with clothes,
rather than receive them from the
David McHattie Forbes, President Board of Levi C. Lyman, Treasurer, Hilo Boarding
school." School
Trustees, Hilo Boarding School
The following year, 1852, with
excursions, beating- out through the partial aid from the Hawaiian Govern same missionary reinforcement in 1832
jungle the first trail to Rainbow Falls, ment on the salaries for two native with the Armstrongs, were frequent
teachers, the expenses of the school, ex guests at "Stone House" in Honolulu
long- remembered visits to "Mokuola,
clusive of the principal's salary, are
the enchanting Cocoanut Island," and where the Armstrongs lived, and the
met, for the first time, without appeal
nearer ones to the summit of Halai Hill children of the two families frequently
to the mission in Honolulu. In 1852
whence even very distant sails could Dr. Wetmore, the newly arrived mis heard the advantages of manual labor
be descried as they approached the sionary at the Hilo station this year, schools discussed and heartily approv
harbor. gave medical attention and ma ed by the two mission fathers. When
terially assisted in teaching. In 1853, Father Armstrong made his tours of
In 1842, more books of every kind
were needed ; $70.00 was received from it is stated with regard to epidemics inspection for the government schools,
the cultivation of sugar cane ground of measles and whooping-cough, which he frequently took with him his son,
by Chinese in a primitive mill not far in other parts of the islands had car Samuel Chapman, who. visiting with
from the school. Money was urgently ried off a tenth of the population, that the Lymans in Hilo, gained at first
needed for repairs on buildings, for the not one death occurred in the school, hand his well-grounded belief in manual
erection of a study, and for additional that in the 17 years of its existence it labor schools. And when, many years
instructors. Rigid curtailment seemed, had lost only four pupils by death, later, as General Armstrong, after the
indeed, the order of the day, for two and that, as far as the knowledge of Civil War, this same Samuel Chapman
or three years, unless more assistance the principal extended, the school suf founded the now famous Hampton
could be had. But gradually the pro fered less from prevailing epidemics Institute of Virginia, he repeatedly
ceeds of the boys' farm labor increas than any other community of the same traced his success to its source in the
ed sufficiently to be of considerable size on the islands. The whole num early inspiration at Hilo Boarding
assistance with the financial burdens of ber admitted in the 17 years was found School.
the school. Even with the loss of to be 325, of whom 90 had entered In November, 1853. after passing
$100.00 of their earnings, in 1850, by I.ahainaluna, and between 60 and 70 successfully through a smallpox epi
the burning of their cane at the mill, had become teachers. demic, the school lost its principal
the principal reports that with the During this year, 1852, the principal building by fire. "This included," the
transfer of the mission herd at Hilo to had charge also of collecting and dis report states, "a store room, school
the resources of the school, no further tributing salaries for the sixty teachers rooms, and dormitories for native
appropriation beyond the salary of the in the government schools of Puna, a teachers and all the scholars. . . Every
principal would be needed for the fifty- task in which he evidently found much thing in the building belonging to the
five boys from the mission board. One to occupy him. Father Armstrong, school, with the exception of a few
item of expense, for the boys' clothes, formerly of the mission, but at this flutes, was consumed. . . The dwelling
which at the beginning often amounted time minister of Public Instruction in house occupied by my (the principal's)
to as much as $200.00 per year, Honolulu, was wont to say that those family was in imminent danger, but
"though furnishing barely enough salaries, which were paid half in wild by the vigorous and united efforts of
shirts and pantaloons for cleanliness goats, were "hard to catch." The natives and foreigners, aided by a
and decency with the most rigid Lymans, who had come out in the change- of wind which providentially
170 THE FRIEND July. 1923.

occurred just before the fire was set, be very much increased, could we see labor. They had spent themselves and
it was saved. All the scholars escaped a prospect that a large proportion of their strength without restraint, and
with their lives, though one was badly the pupils would hereafter find com though often in frail health, were yet
burned. Some saved most of their panions able and inclined to help them able to carry on the supervision of
clothes, others only what they happen forward in the honorable and virtuous their work for another eleven years.
ed to have on at the time." Help be pursuits of life." And in 1860, "our They had, beside bringing up a large
gan to pour in from all sides from the Hawaiian assistants," he states, "are family of their own, influenced more
"timely, unexpected, and abundant sym teaching English well. They are re than 600 men of the young Hawaii
pathy exhibited by all our friends, quired to spend the same amount of that was to cope with an entirely new
foreigners and natives. No sooner time in preparing their lessons in Eng and untried life. In these forty-one
was it understood that the school would lish as in teaching them; and for the years the young teacher and his wife
be kept together, than mats, kapas, first time arithmetic classes are being had grown old. They had seen Hilo
cloth and clothes, hats, etc., etc., were conducted in the English language. grow from an almost pathless hamlet
brought in, many of them articles which Reporting in 1860 Father Lyman says : of thatched huts to a thriving little
could not easily have been obtained for "Since 1836, 543 pupils have been ad village and had helped to plant therein
money, till all were able to appear mitted, and are now distributed through the seeds of a righteous civilization.
with some decency in public." Tem out the Pacific, California, and Oregon They had entertained seamen, officers,
porary buildings were erected for im as clergymen, judges, lawyers, legisla distant travellers, countless guests, with
mediate use. And in a few weeks tors, school superintendents and teach unsparing hand. "My mother," writes
$1000.00 had been sent in in small ers, speculators, clerks, constables, cul her son, "would always have plenty of
amounts from the island of Hawaii tivators, teamsters, loafers, and a very good white bread, although I have seen
alone. The following year, 1854, the few as prisoners." the day when not five pounds of flour
old thatched roof of the principal's With the increasing difficulty of ob remained in all Hilo." Dying seamen
house was replaced with iron, and the taining funds from the American Board, were carried to their house and nursed
whole house, grown small for a family which three years later dissolved its as tenderly as their own children. Can
of seven children, was remodeled to its connection with the Hawaiian Mission, more be said?
present two-story structure. 1855 was it was thought that Hilo Boarding Rev. J. M. Naeole was placed in
marked not only by the innovation of School might best be conducted as a charge of the school from 1874 till
instruction in English, but also by the government school. The trustees ac 1878. Rev. William B. Oleson then
erection of the new $8000.00 frame cordingly drew up a statement of the served for eight years as principal.
school building, toward which the gov property of the school with an agree Rev. A. W. Burt succeeded Mr. Oleson,
ernment had subscribed one-half the ment to turn it over to the government and was four years in the school. In
cost, the American Board of Missions provided that religious instruction 1890 Mrs. and Mr. W. S. Terry were
$2000.00, and other friends $1450.00. should be given in accordance with the appointed to take charge of Hilo Board
This old building is still in use, hav principles of its founders, and that a ing School where they ably labored
ing been moved and converted into high standard of usefulness be main till 1897. Then followed the twenty-
shops when the present modern school tained. But the legislative act of 1861 five ye.ars of service of Levi Chamber
building was erected in 1906. The re to take over the school was never car lain Lyman, grandson of the founder.
port of 1856 concludes with the state ried into effect, and the enterprise con
ment that the manual labor of the tinued with the American Board until
school built the new school house, taken over by the Hawaiian Board in The Hilo Boarding School
fenced the school land, and promoted 1863. (Excerpts from an address given the
economy, health and morals, "although With that year, the school completed Graduating Class of 1922, by Judge
it does not tend," the report continues, its 27th year, having influenced over Homer L. Ross)
"especially since the establishment of 600 pupils, with an average of 64 per WITH the conclusion of the graduat
entirely English speaking schools where year, its object having always been ing exercises this June, 1922,
no manual labor system exists, to make the inculcation of "letters, habits of in ends the eighty-sixth year of the ac
Hilo Boarding School popular with the dustry, morality and religion," in a tivities of the Hilo Boarding School,
pupils or the native population." word, to produce "men, professional which was established in 1836 under
Father Lyman was a strict discip leaders, heads of families, citizens." In the immediate supervision and direc
linarian with his boys, yet withal a addition to two native teachers, a young tion of Rev. D. B. Lyman and his wife,
just and human leader for them. Be son of the mission, Henry Alexander, Mrs. Sarah J. Lyman, who ultimately
fore Kamehameha and Kawaiahao was giving instruction "with fidelity came to be affectionately known as
Schools for girls had begun to fill and success." The Hawaiian language Father and Mother Lyman.
a long felt want, the principal of Hilo was rapidly giving place to English, In order to understand and appre
Boarding School concludes his report of putting the school on a par with the ciate what has been accomplished by
1859 with this statement: "On the more popular but less generally con this institution we must recall to mind
whole, though the labor and care of structive government schools. that it was in 1820 when the first
conducting the school is, in many re The principal, Rev. D. B. Lyman, mission was established in Hawaii, that
spects a real tread-mill concern, it is and his wife had, in 1874, completed at that time the Hawaiians had no
not without its pleasures and encour their forty-first year of mission work written language, and were in deed and
agements. These encouragements would without a vacation from their field of in fact a primitive people. One of the
July, 1923. THE FRIEND 171

first tilings the missionaries undertook

was to formulate a written language.
Now recall that just sixteen years later
the Hilo Boarding School was founded.
Began Life Work
'Hie United States is committed to
the principle and policy of education
and free schools, and this principle had
taken deep root in the hearts of the
Rev. David Belden Lyman and Mrs.
Lyman, for be it remembered they ar
rived in Hawaii in 1832 and in 1836
began their life work in this school as
educators. It is important to note that
Father Lyman after considering the
condition of the natives, their state of
mental development, their immediate
Main Building of Hilo Boarding School
and future needs, determined that in
addition to instruction in the Christian nient of Father and Mother Lyman is tended ; additional teachers employed,
religion and the three Rs, there also a fitting and sufficient monument to and a substantial endowment fund has
should be manual training instruction, their memory. For forty-two years been created through generous gifts
and this thus became the pioneer school they devoted their lives to this school, from friends of the school in Hawaii.
for manual training, not only for and in so doing left an enviable record The "Craft-shop," under the immedi
Hawaii, but before like schools were of the highest type of Christian service. ate direction of Mrs. Lyman has af
established in the United States. Ends Quarter Century forded the best training to the boys in
The Bureau of Education at Wash This commencement occasion marks woodwork ; the manufactured products
ington, D.C., in its official survey of another important event in the history have gone to many of the mainland
education in Hawaii, published in 1920, of the Hilo Boarding School : the end states, and the returns from the sales
says of the Hilo Boarding School : ing of a quarter century service as have materially aided in defraying the
"This is one of the oldest schools in principal of Levi C. Lyman, the grand expenses of the school.
the islands . . . The fact is noteworthy son of the founder of the institution. The Hoarding School under the direc
that elementary tool work and indus In 1897 Levi C. Lyman was selected tion of Mr. and Mrs. Lyman has been
trial training were well started in this to act as principal of the school, and a success, and this success can be at
school by 'Father Lyman' forty years recently the board of trustees reluctant tributed in the main to their abiding
before the founding at Boston, in 1878, ly accepted his resignation, to take Christian faith expressed in service ;
of the first manual training school on effect at this time ; but the school is a knowledge of boys, and a love for
the mainland. fortunate in the fact that Mr. Lyman them.
"This school served well in the early has consented to continue to act as It must be noted that the Bureau of
days in educating leaders among the treasurer and consulting trustee, and Education before mentioned made its
Hawaiian race, producing what was to look after the finances of the school. survey of this school two years ago,
most needed amongst them,—teachers, During this period the school not only while it was under the supervision of Mr.
preachers and intelligent agriculturists had the devoted services of Mr. Lyman, and Mrs. Lyman, and they are justly
and home-makers. It also served as a but as well the efficient and faithful entitled to share in the credit and com
feeder for Lahainaluna Seminary, which services of his wife, Mrs. Nettie Ham mendation contained in that report.
was then a higher school for the train mond Lyman. Like Father and Mother In these days, when the vast majority
ing of native preachers and missionaries. Lyman, Mr. and Mrs. Lyman supple of those in school are attempting to fit
From the first, religious instruction, mented each other in their work and themselves for "white collar" positions
practical farming and the mechanical left a joint impress on the school and which do not exist, and if they did
skills of the time were dominating ele institution. exist the vast majority of applicants
ments of the curriculum, but instruc The school was founded as a Chris would be misfits in them, it is gratify
tion in the common-school branches tian institution, and to this day remains ing to know that the majority of those
was also given. It has always been such, and offers no apology or excuse who leave this school go into produc
predominantly an industrial school, for being such. Among all the activ tive occupations : Farming, carpenter
and the labor of the people themselves ities of the school, the purpose of de ing, blacksmithing, tractor and motor
has been a large factor in building up veloping a Christian character is never work, dairying and ranching", attract
the plant, developing the farm and lost sight of, and by the precept and most of the graduates. They go into
maintaining the subsistence department. example of Mr. and Mrs. Lyman this these lines because they have acquired
There has been a steady development purpose has been accomplished to a a knowledge of and a love for them,
of shopwork, until now the school ap marked degree. and where a vocation is pursued be
proaches the trade-school type. . . . During the last quarter century the cause of interest in and love for that
This commendation of the Bureau of school has made marked advancement ; particular work, the efforts put forth
Education of the foresight and judg- lines of manual training have been ex are usually crowned with success.
 17J THE FRIEND July, 1923

Its Influence Widespread ~~~

It is impossible to esti
mate the far-reaching ef
fects of this school on the
social life and the political
history of Hawaii. It is
impossible to measure the
influence exerted by a ien ixamehamena
single individual, and much
less to measure the influ
ence exerted by the hun Emma Mis Queen
dreds that have gone forth
OLD KAWAIAHAO CHURCH, which is today the leading
from this school. We do
know that those who at I Hawaiian language church in the Islands, was the scene of
a brilliant ceremony in 1856, when Kamehameha IV made Emma
tended this institution came his Queen. Never again in Hawaii will such a pageant be seen.
under the ennobling influ While it is true that Kawaiahao always has been a Christian
ence of devout Christian Church, and the King was a follower of the Christian faith, the
teachers, and went out in barbaric splendor of the days of his ancestors was fully in evi
to the activities of life dence as a supplement to the Christian ritual. It was, in fact,
due to the sympathetic understanding of the missionaries that the
with somewhat of an un Hawaiian customs, so dear to the Hawaiian heart through heredi
derstanding of the father tary influence, were not forced out of use. They exist to this day,
hood of God and the the latest notable pageant was the funeral of Prince Kuhio Ka-
brotherhood of man. Their lanianaole in January, 1922.
hands were taught to do Charles R. Bishop, then a merchant and later founder of the
useful things, and who can Bank of Bishop & Co., was a prominent figure at the wedding,
say that reasoning about as he was related to royalty through Bernice Pauahi Paki, cele
the why and wherefore of brated beauty of her time and a blood relative of the Kameha-
the things they were taught mehas, who became his wife in 1850.
to do with their hands was
not as effective mental
training as would have
Bank of Bishop & Co.,
been the study of ancient
languages. We know some
Oldest Bank in Hawaii
have held with credit im
portant government posi (Founded 1858)
tions ; have been active in Total Assets over $16,000,000.00
commercial affairs ; have
given of their time and
means to social and civic
betterment, and are num
bered among our most re
spected citizens. What
more can be said of any m
man?

In September of 1922
Mr. George M. Hargrave
from Covina High School
of Covina, California, took
over the Principalship of
the school. In this posi
Marriage of Kameha
tion ably assisted by his meha IV at Kawaiahao
Church
wife, Mrs. Helena M. Har
grave, he has completed
his first year of responsi
bility at Hilo Boarding
School.
 THE FRIEND
"He Being Dead Yet Speakefh"
"I v?ant America reconsecrated to the religious reverence
tkat was apparent in the early da^s of the Republic"
-WARREN G. HARDING

False Alarms of Fire

D. V. B. S.

Hawaii, "More Than True"

By MattKevJ C. Armstrong

Jesus, ntte First Gentleman

The Nev? Japan

By Sherwood Eddy

HONOLULU AUGUST, 1923 HAWAII

230 THE FRIEND October, 1923

II The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. The

Dealers in Automobiles and
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
Bank of Bishop & Co., I Pierce-Arrow
Machinery Merchants Ltd.
Agents for
Dual Valve Six
Packard Motor Car Co. The Oldest Bank in Hawaii
Overland Company
Buick Motor Company Total Assets Over $16,000,000. IT is in traffic that
Chandler Motor Car Co.
Cleveland Save consistently, now— the flexibility born
Menominee Trucks Reap financial independence
United States Tires in the years to come. of ample power is
Mlchelin Tires Start a Savings Account Now
I!! Also Agents for
Otis Elevator Company
most apparent and
Prick Co. (Ice Machinery) most grateful.
Gray Motor Co.
Ill Armstrong Cork Co. It threads the crowd
L. C. Smith Co.
(Concrete Machinery) ed streets, starting in-
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
Century Electric Co.
Knight "All White" Soda Fountain III s t a n 1 1 y, increasing
Company
Palatine Ins. Co. of London speed at a moment's
Automobile Department of Hartford
Phoenix Assurance Co .of London notice, slowing down
Fire Ins. Co.
Union Gas Engine Co. I without touching a
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG I gear, springing
BUILDING through a narrowing
Corner King and Bishop streets,
Honolulu passage, speeding
ahead on a clear road
—effortless, noiseless.
Demonstration by
Japanese appointment.

Bazaar 1 Royal Hawaiian Sales

♦ ♦ ♦

LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF Go., Ltd.

ORIENTAL GOODS
IN THE CITY. Dealers
j» * J*
Outing Shoes
PHONE 1470. FORT ST.
Nilo Honolulu Wailuku
Opposite Catholic Church.

ife- T f S X =3: X zzrrfb

For News-Japan,Japanese EI W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
and Oriental, Read ;*f
White Buck with Rubber Soles
$5.00. MERCHANT
ESTABLISHED 1895 "Q£ TAILORS
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGLISH T
MSHPIM
The Nippu Jiji Co. LTD T. SOU.
Manufacturer's
1 mo. $1.00
6 me. 5.25 PUBLISHERS
t year 10.00 P.O. Pox 12)0 Honolulu T.H.
President I
Editor.
Shoe Store Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
62 King Street
Commercial Printing in Photo-Engraving & 1 05 1 Fort St.
J*pane»e,Engli»h & Chinese Rubber Stamp Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
=C ~C az 3= =E3gl
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII, SEPTEMBER, 1923 No. 8

Suppose Christian IdealsWere Applied to Industry

A Labor Day* Sermon By Rev. Albert W. Palmer, D. D.

EVERY nation faces two great perils would it mean if our industrial life were our industries are honestly capitalized.
today: the peril of war with some "permeated with the spirit of Christ" 2. There must be a complete and un
external foe and the peril of industrial and "made free and happy by the prac grudging recognition that labor is not
revolution within. Humanity must solve tices which spring out of that spirit?" a commodity. Fuel, lumber, fertilizer
a staggering dual problem : Can we or To begin with, a partial application may be' bought in the lowest market,
ganize a warless world, and, at the of Christian ideals in business life has but not labor; for, when you buy
same time, can we develope a fair and already begun. Every honest profit labor, you buy human flesh and blood
generally acceptable industrial order? sharing device, every constructive piece and intelligence. Labor is human and
The two problems are interrelated, both of welfare work, every shop commit therefore is entitled to these five things :
are problems of securing peace and tee, every industrial accident law is an A living wage, decent living and
both must be solved because either illustration of the awakening to Chris working conditions, a day short enough
one, allowed to go on from worse to tian principles which is already power to permit decent family life, compensa
worse, will surely wreck what is left fully at work in American industry. tion for accidents, and insurance against
of civilization. Employers like Arthur Nash with his illness, unemployment and old age.
Neither of these problems can be slogan of the Golden Rule in Industry, The providing of these things should
solved by brute force. Apparent solu like Henry Ford, Proctor and Gamble, be a first charge against every indus
tions by physical force are crumbling the Endicott-Johnson Shoe Co., the try. If an industry can be kept alive
and illusive victories—they only sow Packard Piano Co., and scores of only at the price of a sub-human stand
the wind that becomes a whirlwind. others, are pioneers who are surveying ard of labor then there is something
Power to conquer your foe does not in the route and blazing the trail for a radically wrong in that industry.
more humane and decent industrial
itself bring peace—it only brings an It is a great victory for humane
order. Great organizations like the
other war unless justice and goodwill standards of industry that the Steel
Rotary Club with its motto, "He pro
and brotherhood prevail. Power of a Trust has at last been compelled to
labor union to dictate terms or of an fits most who serves best," indicate
which way the wind of idealism is abolish the twelve hour day. Upon
employer to abolish unions does not
blowing, for "service" cannot be con pressure by President Harding, with
secure industrial peace. It only in
fined to patrons and customers, it must public opinion behind him, the United
creases discontent and lays up explos
also take in the working people within States Steel Corporation appointed a
ives for the clay of revolution, unless
labor is given honest and adequate rep the industry. commission to investigate the twelve
resentation some other way. The peril of this hopeful awakening hour day. This commission reported
"The Road Away from Revolution" is that it will expend itself in super any shorter day impractical in certain
is the title of a very brief but pro ficialities, in a surface plaster of rather processes, and added that the men
foundly thoughtful article in the August paternalistic welfare work instead of wanted it and that it was doubtful if
Atlantic Monthly by Woodrow Wilson. probing the depths of industrial discon they would really spend their time at
That road is not the high-way of blind tent. home, were a shorter day granted them.
force and ruthless coercion but the foot Just in proportion as Christian ideals This, in the face of the successful op
path of justice, good-will and brother are applied to industry progress will eration of the eight hour day in the
hood. As the article referred to says, have to be made along lines like these: Rockefeller-controlled Colorado Fuel
"Our civilization cannot survive ma and Iron Company's plants and in the
terially unless it is redeemed spiritual 1. Industry must be honestly man great steel works operated by Henry
ly. It can be saved only by becoming aged. To be very definite, there is no Ford ! President Harding refused to
permeated with the spirit of Christ and place for watered stock in honest in be satisfied with this report and made
being made free and happy by the dustry. It is not fair to the worker his disapproval of it so evident that it
practices which spring out of that to keep wages down or working con was reconsidered and, just before his
spirit. Only thus can discontent be ditions bad while paying dividends on death, our noble-hearted president had
driven out and all shadows lifted from stock that represents only fictitious the great satisfaction of hearing that
the road ahead." values. It is to the credit of Hawaii the United States Steel Corporation had
To come down from glittering gen that, is I understand it, we have prac agreed at last to abolish the twelve hour
eralities to practical conditions what tically no watered stock here and that day in all its plants.
232 THE FRIEND October, 1923

1830=—Orramel Hincklej) Gulick—1923

A great man has gone from among us. ters at Kumamoto, they were ordered was ever ready to pray and to talk, and
He came a prince of the royal line—a back to Hawaii. what he said was short and to the point.
knight eager for the battle against ignor And when he returned from the fron Born with an ample supply of concen
ance and wrong. In his youth he girded tier war in Japan, at the age of three trated common sense he did promptly
on the armor of his king and endured score years and more, when most men whatever was sent him to do.
years of strenuous training for the war. think themselves old, he set to work to When the battle was well nigh over,
Early in life he clothed himself in un beautify the King's domain,—taking when duty remained as a pleasure only,
selfishness and humility by stepping charge of the Japanese department of and the "Well done" seemed near—at
aside that his younger brothers might the Hawaiian Board of Missions, and for the very threshold of the glorious City
advance. a time being Secretary of the Board. He the great test came, and it was given
Then he entered the business given him to drink of the cup
world where the battleof life of suffering wth his Captain.
raged fierce; the untried armor Having attained to this great
was not yet adjusted and the honor he was called to enter the
adversary almost won the day ; open gate, to cast his palms of
but by putting on the breast victory at the feet of the King
plate of righteousness he left and to receive the promised
the contest battered but a victor, crown. —M. S. A.
free and strong.
He then turned to the sea, Remarks of Dr. Palmer at the
and with other plates of armour Funeral of Rev. Orramel Gulick
—?watching, prayer and perse Orramel Gulick once said, "I
verance—he weathered many climbed into the ministry up the
storms, with the "shield of rigging of the Morning Star,"
faith" turned back the breakers, but as a matter of fact his start
and presently beheld, from the in the ministry began before
deck of his little schooner, a that in the influence of a Chris
beckoning light from the "Morn tian home and a father's and
ing ( Star." The Captain also mother's prayers. The father
about this time sent him a First had a habit of praying out loud
Mate, Ann Eliza Clark, who and the children knew what his
afterward became First Lieu desire for them would be. It
tenant, and followed his migra was to these prayers that Orra
tions over land and sea for more mel Gulick's older brother, Luth
than sixty-eight years. Then er Halsey Gulick, attributed the
following the beckoning hand of fact that all of the Gulick chil
missions, "girt about with truth" dren went into some form of
and having on the "helmet of missionary work. Orramel
salvation," he took up the "sword Gulick, however, observed that
of the Spirit" which is the Word other families with equally de
of God. With this he went forth voted parents did not have this
to battle, and was "able to with experience and in characteristic
stand and having done all to loyalty to his older brother Hal
stand." Ignorance and supersti sey, he is reported to have said,
tion fell before him,—but being A Grand Old Hero of Hawaii "Yes, but they didn't have such
"shod with the preparation of an elder brother."
the gospel of peace" he slipped into the taught a large class of Hawaiians in the Throughout his boyhood and youth,
fray and through the conflict so quietly Kaumakapili church, acted as interpreter and indeed as long as Halsey lived, this
that few knew of the progress he made. for Hawaiian, Japanese and English older brother was an inspiration and
From Waiohinu, Kau, and Waialua, preachers, edited a Hawaiian newspaper, guiding star to Orramel's life.
Oahu, where he edited the Ke Alaula, the Ka Hoaloha, visited schools, legisla Orramel Gulick started out to be a
the line of march led them to Kobe, tive assemblies, Christian Endeavor meet business man, not a misisonary, but the
Japan, where he taught and preached, ings and Y. M. C. A., and dedicated little store failed and left him heavily in
an,d where he edited the first religious churches. debt. In order to pay his debts he be
newspaper in the land. After twenty- The church was to him in later years came a sailor and for some time ran a
two years of this strenuous warfare, in a place of inspiration, and every Lord's little coasting schooner between Hono
cluding two years in the cold, lonely re Day morning and evening and at the lulu and the ports of Maui and Hawaii.
gions of Niigata and a five years' cam week clay meeting he was there to keep In this hard and dangerous sea-faring
paign in southern Japan, with headquar in touch with his great Commander. He life he earned money enough to pay all
 October, 1923 THE FRIEND 233
he owed. Then it occurred to him that Halsey and John, he -was, nevertheless, Beyond all these qualities ''was the
he might put his sea-faring knowledge a true scholar as the books in the case fundamental one of courage. For near
to missionary use and he became second just above his bed which looked down ly thirty years he suffered with his
and later first mate of the Morning upon him all through his last illness thorn in the flesh, which in these later
Star, the famous missionary schooner abundantly testify. And, along with a years and months became very distress
which carried on the work of the Ameri very real scholarship, he combined that ing to him both physically and mentally.
can Board in the South Seas. quality of practical efficiency which had But he bore it with rare courage and
During his experience as skipper of manifested itself in the ability to run a any of us who may have to go through
the little coasting schooner, Father Bond schooner along the rocky coast of any period of physical suffering in the
of Kohala had noticed that this young Hawaii until he had paid his debts. He future will be strengthened by the mem
sailor had marked facility in handling also had an ever present and saving ory of this brave and courageous old
the Hawaiian language and could preach sense of humor. All who knew him man bearing his suffering without com
a sermon that interested and held the will treasure some quaint remark which plaining and living a life that was
Hawaiian congregations at Kohala. So, showed that he was anything but a long shadowed with pain, not as a whiner
when a distant missionary post at Kau faced missionary. but as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.
fell vacant, he nominated Orramel We are always interested in knowing Of course, that was the secret of it all.
Gulick for the place. So it was that he a mother's estimate of her son and it is Orramel Gulick was a simple and sin
"climbed into the ministry up the rig not least among the beautiful things to cere devoted follower of, .Jesus Christ.
ging of the Morning Star." After faith be said of Orramel Gulick that his There were no reserves in his trust and
ful service at Kau, Mr. and Mrs. Gulick mother once remarked that he was the his loyalty, and his religion was the
came to Wailua, Oahu, and for a num most sympathetic of her sons. Orramel motive power and consolation of his
ber of years conducted a girls' school. Gulick's nature was strikingly generous. life. Such a life and character repre
Then came the opportunity to go as Someone asked him once what he sents the finest possible evidence of the
missionaries to Japan where they spent thought of tithing. He said he thought reality and value of that religious faith
many happy and fruitful years in the it was all right to give a tenth of one's which the misisonaries brought to these
service of the American Board. A part income if the income was small (with islands over a hundred years ago.
of this missionary service was the found the accent on the word small), for large
ing of the first Christian newspaper in incomes he believed the amount should
Japan. It was called the Shichi-Ichi-
Zappo, literally translated is "The One
be made greater. One of the last things An Eight Months'
he did was to give me his gold watch.
in Seven Newspaper." It was a weekly Not as a personal benefaction, but hop Evangelistic Tour
religious paper published at Kobe, edited ing I could in some way use it for the TRAVELING like Paul, at their own
by Mr. Gulick in English and translated help or comfort of someone else.
into Japanese by his assistant editors, expense, and with the ambition to
Orramel Gulick never had any chil preach the Gospel to the whole world,
one of whom was a young man by the
dren of his own but from time to time came the Biederwolf Party, on Sept. 16,
name of Harada, who is now Dr.
lie and Mrs. Gulick brought into their on its first stop in a round the world
Harada, professor of Japanese language
and literature in the University of home and gave parental care to five tour of evangelism. With Dr. Bieder
Hawaii. different children, for Mr. Gulick was wolf were Homer Rodeheaver, the well
a very great lover of children. This known chorister of the Billy Sunday
Of Orramel Gulick's life after he had
retired from active missionary service was one part of his general character campaigns, and his brother J. H. Rode
in Japan and came to Honolulu to v-"p, of friendliness. I shall always cherish heaver, the head of a large Chicago
people here in Hawaii are all familiar. a happy memory of the warm personal Publishing house. Miss Grace Saxe, a
He continued his interest and coopera friendship which I felt existed between magazine writer, and Miss Florence
him and myself. It was all the more re Hay, a talented illustrator who for sev
tion with the local Japanese and renewed eral years has devoted her talents to
his fellowship with the Hawaiians, edit markable that a man over ninety years
the spread of the Gospel. The party
ing a monthly paper in the Hawaiian old, reared in another generation and
is interdenominational, in that the Meth
language which circulated among the trained in quite a different theological
odist, Baptist and Presbyterian com
churches in all of the Islands; teaching atmosphere should welcome a young munions are all represented, and each
a large adult class at Kaumakapili minister with so different a training and member goes on his own initiative, and
Church ; and taking his active part as a point of view as a Christian brother. I at his own expense.
member of the Hawaiian Board of Mis never felt that there was any gulf be
Paul, as a Roman citizen could go
sions. ., tween the generations. Some times anywhere under the protection of the
From my acquaintance with Mr. when I have finished a sermon feeling government of Rome. But how doth
Gulick during the past six years, I have rather discouraged as to whether it had the world change! This party can go
gained a great deal of pleasant fellow accomplished that which I had intended, under the protection of the many gov
ship and inspiration. He was a thorough he has come down the aisle to shake ernments of the world, welcomed, and
ly remarkable man in the sanity and hands with me warmly and say, "I took carrying a letter of introduction from
balance of his life. He was characteriz notes on that sermon. I want to write our Secretary of State, Charles E.
ed fundamentally by a sane and prac it up for my Hawaiian paper. Won't Hughes, to all the ambassadors and con
tical wisdom. Not as famous, not as you let me have your outline so I can sular representatives of the United
distinguished a scholar as his brothers go over it again ?" States wherever located.
 THE FRIEND October, 1923
234
The itinerary of the missionary party were heard all around town for several same strain, saying that he, too, felt
days. that the calamity which had come upon
includes Japan, China, Korea, the Phil
ippines, Siam, Ceylon, India, Australia, Mr. J. N. Rodeheaver, being more Japan had brought all the peoples to
free than others of the party for service g-ether as nothing has ever done before
Egypt and the Holy Land.
apart from the regular Evanagelistic through making us realize that we are
Where the English language is not brothers of one great community. He
used Dr. Biederwolf will preach through meetings, visited many of the churches, said: "I want you to take this to heart
the aid of an interpreter. Mr. Rode- Sunday Schools and Settlements, speak and continue to impress it upon the rest
heaver will sing and play and endeavor ing and singing and coming into friend of the world, particularly upon the
to introduce American singing methods ly touch with many in an informal way. Americans across the Pacific Ocean who
His charming personality and open-
in the mission field. Song directors' con
hearted manner, drew many into almost do not seem yet to have realized that
ferences will be held at many points.
fact."
Mr. Rodeheaver has long desired to intimate friendship with him, and he Senor Ligot, newly appointed Com
contribute to the mission field some said that he had never spoken to more
missioner of Labor from the Philippines,
form of service similar to that he has winsome young people than those who congratulated the officers of the Pan-
contributed to Evangelistic work in the greeted him in our Chinese and Japanese Pacific Union on their untiring and un
United States. He believes that phono- churches. selfish effort in promoting brotherly love
oraph records of Gospel forms can be among the different nationalites. He
a big help in spreading the Gospel mes said in part: "I am going to set aside
sage. For months prior to leaving he
Reconvening of the
for this time my modesty and permit
worked and experimented along this Pan-Pacific a Live Event myself to let you know that my native
line. Special Gospel music which ex country, the Philippines, is not and has
perience had shown were powerful in Governor Farrington and Alexander never been indifferent to this big human
strumentalities in winning souls he had Hume Ford Honored enterprise. She, being under the Stars
translated into the various tongues used
ON MONDAY, September 24, the and Stripes of the United States of
in the mission field and reduced to America, stands for liberty, democracy,
Pan-Pacific Club resumed its week
phonograph records. By having phone and justice. She has always subscribed
ly meetings, these having been suspend
tic transcriptions of well known hymns
ed during the summer months, with an not only in money but also in hearts and
prepared in Japanese, Siamese and other in hands. She has never hesitated to ex
attendance of ninety men, representa
tongues, he has been able to make re
tives of all the racial groups in Hawaii. tend to her utmost her share in alleviat
cords that mission students in this coun ing human suffering. The Filipino
It chanced that the occasion synchro
try have assured him would be effective people in this Territory have also done
nized with the departure for Washington
in their native lands. A number of the of the President of the Union, Gov their best to help Japan in her present
hymns done in Japanese are: "Tell Me ernor Wallace R. Farrington, and the disaster. In behalf of my countrymen in
Now," "Jesus Loves Me," "What a arrival, after a six months' tour of the this Territory and those in our Father
Friend We have in Jesus," and "Whiter Orient and of Australasia, of the land, I extend my heartiest congratula
Than Snow." These and others also Director, Alexander Hume Ford, so the tions to Mr. Alexander Hume Ford for
have been done into Siamese. meeting took on the nature of an ex having already visited our Fatherland."
The local services were held in Cen pression of appreciation and of good Professor Romanzo Adams, in a brief
tral Union Church, the Mission Mem wishes to the one and a home-coming word of greeting, bestowed the title of
orial Auditorium, on Sundays at the welcome to the other. '■Benevolent Autocrat" upon Mr. Ford.
M.E. Church, and several services were Before presenting Governor Farring saying, by way of explanation, that the
held among the soldiers. Lt.-Col. Pistol ton and Director Ford, the Chairman term "Director" did not adequately ex
being the host. called upon several persons to make press the unique relationship to the Pan-
On Sept. i?. the day of his arrival, brief talks appropriate to the occasion. Pacific Union which Mr. Ford holds.
Dr. Biederwolf addressed over 3,000 Dr. Harada of the University of Mr. Ford Pays Tribute to Japanese
soldiers at Schofield. At Fort Shafter Hawaii spoke feelingly of the prompt Mr. Ford, upon being presented, pai<!
750 were seated and many more listen assistance which American friends had a high tribute to the Japanese on account
ed standing or peering through the win rendered Japan on the occasion of her of the solicitude which they expressed
dows. 155 men s:gnified their purpose recent calamity. He said that it was during the disaster for the foreigners
to begin the new life. At the Army and impossible to express in words how among them. In this connection he said:
Navy Y.M.C.A. more than 400 men at deeply the Japanese here and in Japan "Mr. Consul-General and Dr. Harada.
tended the services and 50 declared their had been touched by this act. He add may I ask you to convey to your govern
new purpose to lead a Christian life. ed: "The friendship and sympathy ment and to your people, our gratitude
Mr. Homer Rodeheaver's singing was among Pacific countries have never for the noblest thing that has been done
most heartily appreciated by the soldiers, been so close and strong as at the present by any people. In their deepest hour of
and his services for children in the time, and we console ourselves that this distress and sadness their first thought
Mission Memorial were not only attend may be one of the few benefits that may was to aid the stranger within their
gates. While their own people were
ed by a demonstration of joy on the accrue to us because of this great dis
part of the boys and girls, but echoes aster which has befallen our Mother suffering and dying, while the flame<
were still consuming the city of Tokyo,
of his pointed and practical teachings. land."
Mr. Lorrin A. Thurston, proprietor of army trucks were sent to the great hotel'
illustrated as they were with objects
and to the tourist areas to rescue the
and with some sleight-of-hand acts, the Daily Advertiser, followed in the
October, 1923 THE FRIEND 235
-foreigners and transport them to places Zealand, everywhere. You can imagine
of safety. what it is like. And when I got back The Golden Gate
"I don't believe any other people in I found that Dr. Bunker had even gone By Lucia E. Lyons
the world have thought of doing this so one better by carrying through success So blue they rise, so pale, those distant
soon. The Japanese are a sincere, honest. fully that Educational Sub-Conference hills
and chivalrous people. I was decpl section in California." Across the shining bay !
touched when I got back and read that In conclusion Mr. Ford turned to Almost they seem a part of that far
the Japanese in Los Angeles, where the Governor Farrington and gave him a li heaven
Japanese are perhaps not always treated of things which he hoped the Governor So pale, so blue today.
as we treat them here, said among them would do for the Pan-Pacific Union
selves: 'As all the world is helping the while in Washington. A sheen is on the water, dazzlingly
Japanese people let us send our contribu The Governor's Parting Words bright,
tion to the foreigners in Japan.' " (The sun is sinking low)
The program closed with a few words And there amid the glory and the fire
The Conservation Conference
by Governor Farrington, who said in Full many dark sails go.
Mr. Ford then spoke in some detail of
part:
his trip to the Orient and to Australia,
a trip taken primarily for the purpose of "Naturally anyone who has been as And look! between yon ranges rising
arousing interest in the Food Conserva sociated with the Pan-Pacific Union, far,
tion Conference to be held in Honolulu who has come in contact with its ideals One line of open sea—
next August. The following are ex and has participated in the conferences One entrance to the worlds beyond our
cerpts from his talk : that have been held under its auspices in world,
'"The Japanese have promised to send this Territory, could never fail to say a Boundless and glad and free!
a strong delegation. The President of word along the line of preaching the
China said he would send a delegate. I gospel of goodwill in the Pacific, and of Oh, straight and sure as sunlight goes
think the Chinese Government will send telling of the work that has been done my heart
•eight or nine. Our invitation has put by the Pan-Pacific Union. Over that restless deep,
life and spirit into the scientsts of China "I am very glad to be here on the Unto the land where ever is its home*
for they say, 'At last there is somebody opening day of the year which inaugur In waking or in sleep.
who recognizes that we are a scientific ates the regular Pan-Pacific luncheons.
nation.' These give an opportunity for the men I almost see the shore, the breakers
*"A full delegation will come from the older in the service and those who are white
Philippines. I said in the Philippines, just coming into line to come into friend Dashing in endless spray.
'Here, the Chinese are going to send a ly contact and to define our problems. The beach, the palms, the city wrapped
full delegation. You send a delegation If we handle things at home successfully in green,
like the Chinese to our Conference and then we are in a position to do better And oh, not far away
it will help to convince America and the work in the great field of the Pacific
world, more than anything else, of your area. We are at a strategic place from The mountains, verdure clad and fair to
fitness for independence.' They are go every standpoint and it places upon our see
ing to bring along a full set of motion citizens of all races a very great respon Topped with their veils of cloud ;
picture films of their industries also. sibility as well as a very pleasant one." And seeing all, my heart has joy today,
""In Siam I saw the King's brother. I Frank F. Bunker. And golden memories crowd.
said, 'You ought to send films, too.' He
said, 'How do you do it?' I told him how Oh. hills, so blue and pale, Oh, shining
and he said, 'I will do it,' and the next The Northern California Council of bay.
day a contract was signed with an ex the Pacific Coast Oriental Survey has Glad peace you bring to me,
pert in moving picture photography. formed an Executive Committee, for the But longing binds my heart when I be
Siam will be well represented at the Con conduct of the survey, with the follow hold"
ference. ing officers : President, Dr. Ray Lyman That line of open sea!
"I went to Malaya and hammered Wilbur, President of Leland Stanford (Berkeley, Cal., Sept., 1903)
away at them down there. At last I got University ; Secretary. Yaughan Mac- ♦(From the foregoing, it is easy to under
word that we may expect one delegate at Caughey, of the California Council of stand what two weeks in Honolulu, while
least. Borneo and Fiji will send two or Education ; Treasurer, Mr. Alfred I. an route to China as a missionary, meant
three delegates. Australia will send a Esbery, of San Francisco. Mr. J. Merle lo one to whom Honolulu "ever was home.")
good handful and so will New Zealand. Davis, representing the New York
I was royally received in Australia, foundation, and Dr. Robert Parke of Many friends of the Rev. H. Kozaki,
where I went to attend the Second Pan- the University of Chicago, who is to a former President of the Doshisha
Pacific Scientific Conference. head the Survey, were present at the University, are glad to learn that his
"I want to say this, now that I am back- organization meeting. Although much church was saved almost as by a miracle.
home, that what I have been able to get preliminary work has been carried on, The fire burned right up to its com
people to do around the Pacific has put the Survey will formally open in Janu pound but left it unharmed. Many took
the Pan-Pacific Union forward as never ary and will make an exhaustive study refuge in it, and seventy people are now
}>efore. We have clubs now all over the of the Oriental problem on the Pacific being housed and cared for in this
Pacific, in Japan, China, Australia, New Coast. church. -
236 THE FRIEND October, 1923

dwellings of comfort to the "pilgrims of

Trie Very Last House the night."
But where are we bound? Few know.
A Unique Experience in Alaska.—By Tkeodore Richards Therein lies a certain charm. It has in
it all the possibilities of a picnic. Are
we not to lunch here? (and well too)
and it is a nine hours' sail to West
Arm and Ben-My-Chree's, and then—
Someone overheard some officer (it is
all quite vague) say that there dwells an
elderly couple over there,—that they
haven't been "out" further than Car-
cross for twelve years. Through the
long winter months they live there, see
ing absolutely no one save the Dominion
officer by dog-train to report on each
dweller in his district, as is required of
him by law. Then comes summer and
flowers. Such flowers! And tourists,
hordes of them ! What shall they—the
Partridge couple—do with them, flowers
and tourists? But we are running ahead
of the "Tutshi". She is no speed boat,
though doing her ten knots probably.
We have not as yet passed the "Golden
Gate" whereby we might gain access to

The Partridge Home in West Taku Arm.

JUST to go to Alaska as we did, skim and here's where Ben-My-Chree comes

along the coast, luxuriate in soft ap in.
pointments, touch at a few points in the Immediately on arrival at Skagway
well-beaten paths,—this is wonderfully an observation train is waiting to take
worth while. To dig in, it seems to us, you by the White Pass and Yukon R.R.
would pay prodigiously; while to make on a most notable journey where your
a stay there—we have not fully ap admiration is divided between scenic
praised its possible values. wonders and the engineering skill of the
Nevertheless, some of Alaska's wealth railroad builders. But from even these
is near the surface and we dipped our considerations your attention is liable to
hands in it : aye, and filled our sacks be distracted to the trail below that
with it in "the very last house" on our breaks into view now and then. Over
journey. Mayhap we can bring some that path went countless feet in the rush
home if only to find that it is the very for gold and often you note the evidence
same gold that flowed so generously in
of defeat and death in the graves along
Hawaii a generation ago. The Hawaii-
the way. We may not tarry at White
ans, through it, were millionaires and
Pass where the two flags, American
dispensed it liberally: and even up to
the time of the late F. W. Damon it and British, fly side by side in token
overflowed his coffers,—royal and not of the boundary line, but at Carcross
too discriminating hospitality. (formerly Caribou) we embark at once
You haven't heard of Ben-My-Chree on the "Tutshi."
unless you have been to Alaska. It's "Tutshi." we salute you! You are Back row, left to right: Mr. Partridge,
the "last house" not only on our trip a quaint affair and very refreshing to Miss Dalton (a London lady), Mr. Swanson
but also on Lake Taku. Now, you think about. A sort of anachronism, ("Faithful Swanson"), Mrs. Partridge holds
the baby of Mr. Brooks. Lower row: Mr.
must know that the Steamship Com too! For where save on a few shallow Brooks who has beside him Mrs. Eaton, wife
panies can sell round-trip tickets up to rivers shall we find stern-wheelers, of Dr. Eaton.
capacity to Skagway and return. Hence wood-burning, and with such moderate
they do not encourage stop-overs ; in draught as to be able to snub up to a Wc are indebted to Dr. C. M. Eaton of Atlin,
through the courtesy of Mrs. Lyman of Brooklyn.
fact you simply cannot arrange one, if tree almost anywhere? But in your for three of the small pictures here presented, which
came just in time to get into the issue. The other
your party consists of say, five. But mists abaft are fleeting rainbows and two were given us by Mr. Pelton, the purser of the
you have thirty-six hours at Skagway S.S. Tutshi. Will both of the gentlemen accept
your ample hurricane deck affords cliff- our thanks.
October, 1923 THE FRIEND 237

the charming Atlin Lake. We certain we the bereft brothers". Who wins?
ly would have passed that gateway had Aside from curiosity, who cares?
we the gracious consent of the C.P.R. Let's get on out of the penumbras!
Then there is the Engineers mine to Anyway there is a glimmer of light
pass, almost the only evidence of human "awa' " at Ben-My-Chree. It is eleven-
occupancy along that opalescent path. thirty by this time, and really beginning
Wealth of another sort, this ; and thrust to get dark. The soft Alaskan light is
up against that other like "penumbras" surely dimming perceptibly but it is the
and "high-lights" in a good picture—for dark cliff which we are approaching
very contrast. Here is potential wealth, that justifies the lantern. Mr. Part
but "riches corrupted ; gold cankered" ridge is holding it and as we peer over
through sheer cupidity. The most pro the rail we see a precipitous cliff loom
ductive gold ore in all Alaska (so they ing way up beyond the steamer,—or
say) closed,—not a stamp working since twenty such steamers, piled one on an Taken in front of Mr. and Mrs. Partridge's
cabin and shows the "Walrus Tooth" at the
1918 because of suits and counter-suits. other. And at the foot floating in the extreme right, and the garden at the bottom
The mine is still in "chancery", which water gleams a pathway of logs leading of the picture.
in this case might be regarded in the vaguely off to—somewhere. The gang-
hosts. Vegetables to be sure, and fruit
trees fringing the whole.
Now on to the house. "Mine Host"
has led the way. Made of logs on the
outside, made of cheer within. Al
though we throng it, "still there is
room," and the quaint little lady presid
ing near the singing tea-kettle radiates
hospitality, while we who are utterly
without claim upon her,—mere "strang
ers,"—are "taken in." Here too is
simple but ample provision for our re
freshment. The billiard table is cover
ed with the evidence of preparation and
the host is assisted by Mrs. Lyman the
wife of one of Brooklyn's most honored
Congregational ministers. She was lured
by the charm of people and place when
a mere tourist like ourselves some two
years ago and now, an honored guest,
she shares in dispensing the largesse of
Mrs. Partridge at her organ in the "Very Last House." kindliness.
The ship's officers have been playfully
prize-fighting significance of the word. plank is out and we are off, a hetero warned not to let any one go till we
The chief owner and his wife sailed to geneous company, some fifty or more have sung, and with Mrs. Partridge
Vancouver sometime in that year and passengers. Not a mischance or a wet seated at the cabinet organ we essay
were lost in an open boat, no one knows foot, all ashore and up the path to a "Star Spangled Banner" and succeed as
how or where. They had to leave their stockade. When we are within we easily inconspicuously as the average group of
wealth for the obvious reason that they see how the wild animals would love to
could not take it with them. "Whose rampage there. Nay, we fear that some
then shall these things be?" Hence the of our party are a bit "wild," judging
law-suits. by the nosegays gained surreptitiously or
But listen to this :—the most astound otherwise. Even without the lanterns
ing basis of a law-suit ever you heard. and flash-lights we could get some idea
"Now come the brothers of the deceased of the luxuriant plant life of the North.
lady and aver and declare that it is the The sweet-peas are gorgeous and per
recognized and universal opinion of the fume the air, yielding only to our old-
medical profession that when a man and fashioned friend of New England days
a woman are simultaneously subjected to —good homely catnip. The pansies rise
exposure in water even to the point of imperially on high stalks. But it takes
drowning the woman has the greater a woman, or a lover of flowers to ap Shows a group of visitors in the garden
vitality and will survive the man. Hence on "Atlin Day", August 31, 1923—a picnic
preciate that garden. Daisies as big as luncheon affair with Mr. and Mrs. Partridge
in this case the lady was the heir, and chrysanthemums. Dahlias in flaming as host and hostess.
238 THE FRIEND October, 192:

Americans notwithstanding our vigor Partridge cheerily confessed that he ex a rugged strength now in your decisioi
ous war-time training. But Mr. Part pected his guests all the way from ten that breaks habit, and shapes new ones
ridge, though a loyal British subject, is in the evening till four in the morning, It is a mother of books. It contain
something finer yet,—an International- which is a confession that our good the oldest authentic history. All th'
isf, and he trys us on one verse of "Tutshi" (or is it the W.P. & Y.R.R.?) roots of modern jurisprudence run dowi
America and then immediately following does not operate on "New York Central into the Mosaic code. Political econom;
—"God Save the King." If we were time." and moral philosophy find their basi'
a bit uncertain on the first stanza we ALOHA to you, Mr. and Mrs. Part principles here. Its laws of sanitation
will have to let stentorian tones make up ridge ! of hygiene, of diet, and of busines
for the words on the second till we land From a land famous for its hospital ethics, originating here, are accept e<
in triumph on the last line,—"God Save ity, we doff our "papales" to you "in standards.
the King,"—in all sincerity, let it be the last house," and in some more It is not a scientific book. Yet it
said, whether we had ever done it be worthy way look forward ourselves statements never conflict with the lates
fore or not. Then it followed quite "To live in a house by the side of the findings of science. Its ideals of life
naturally that we could cheer President road personal, national and racial, can b>
and King with a warmth that had no And be a friend to man." found nowhere else except as inspire*
room for fine discrimination. Our host by its pages. Its literature, its lov<
is a singer, and supported by a "Tutshi" stories, its biographies, are unapproach
officer renders a rollicking chanty. Quiet Talks on the Simple ed. It contains the key to the intricate
But it is clearly not their custom to Essentials tangle in which the world finds itsel
end that way. Despite the character of today, the one key, the master key.
the last song it is their suggestion that By Mr. S. D. Gordon There's a fine modesty in its pages
we have a hymn and it was the kind Xo. 3—THE BOOK OF GOD and yet the most stupendous claims foi
heart of the little lady (thinking of a THERE is something tangible about itself. It claims to be a revelation frorr
great country in bereavement and its a book. You handle it. You know God himself. It tells what reason can
Chief even then lying in state at the it by the feel. It's in plain print, black not reason out. True reasoning and this
capital) that prompted "Nearer My God on white, words you know the meaning revelation are fellows, working to
to Thee." Somehow, it seemed to us of without stopping to think into them. gether to reach full knowledge. It re
that she had in mind another occasion If it's a thoughtful worthy book you veals the past, otherwise unknown, and
when a dead President's favorite hymn read and muse. And you are changed, God's purposes, and plans for the future
was sung far and wide with a tightness maybe imperceptibly, but really quite that otherwise could not be known.
round each singer's throat. radically. It's a singularly honest book. It tell*
"Lead Kindly Light" comes next and Now, there is one outstanding book. with frank bluntness the glaring mora
a few genuine words of felicitation on It stands quite by itself. In its claim failings of the men God used. He hat
the part of Mr. Partridge. There must for itself, its power among men, its to use some one. He got the best then
needs be some response, and no one history, the place commonly given it, was. He sternly rebuked them, anc
deputed to do it, a passenger steps for its distinctive quality of inspiration, plainly points out their moral breaks.
ward and although a bit haltingly (as even in the enemies it has made, it This book is the moral standard o:
one taken unawares) tenders the genu stands quite alone. life. And morals are the throbbing
ine appreciation of the ship's company. It is the old Book of God. It is the heart-beat of life. There must be s
As we stepped out into the soft night one book to which by common consent standard, or all life goes askew. A
and through the garden we wended our that little word "the" belongs, the Book. yard-stick for cloth, a foot-rule foi
way to the steamer, many of us thought It was inspired. It is inspired. That timber, a sixteen-ounce bit of metal foi
that the fragrance of that hospitality simply means the breath of God was in sugar, truthfulness in speech, honest;
would linger in our minds like the scent it. and is. His Spirit was in the men in trade, a recognized propriety in cul
of the flowers. who wrote, guiding, controlling, inspirit tured circles, a Gray's anatomy for plry
And now as Carlyle asks : "Having ing, a supernatural touch through the sicians. a Blackstone for lawyers, an
drunk the wine shall we chew the human natural medium. God's Book for strong winsome life an
glass?" But it is human nature to en It is a book like any other, paper, rest of heart.
quire "What is it all about?" If some print, stitching, plain words. Its con The scholarship of the nations, an
of the passengers were curious to find tents must be got through reading and of the ages, has been devoted to the tad
out what part the steamship company thinking, like any other book. It is un of giving us this Book in our motW
had in this matter, they were doubtless like every other book in this, there's a tongue, as to no other task. Its uttt
satisfied that the company (although on living Presence in it. dependability from the scholarly stan<|
protest of possible withdrawal) are al It reaches into your thoughts. It point is beyond question. The variation
lowed but a meager partnership. Nay searches the innermost recesses of your of translations in various versions hav
such a thing calls for a spontaneity of spirit. It touches deftly, unmistakably, to do with incidentals, important in
the heart; beginning small doubtless it your motives and purposes. It lays cidentals, but never with vital things.
has become a habit. A good illustra bare to your eye the inner hidden things. The modern English and America
tion of the way a man can merge into And there's a distinct touch of life to Revisions have the advantage of th
an institution. "Costly?" To be sure, it. It quickens brain and thought and most recently found manuscripts, th
chiefly in effort and comfort, for Mr. the part of you that chooses. There's latest scholarship, and the paragraph*?
October, 1923 THE FRIEND 239
printing. But one can rest content that large portion of our country's popula
the old common version is the most re tion. Reconciling Influences Be
markable bit of translation ever done. The machine itself can not be held ac
In it we have the very Word of God, countable. The machine simply created
tween American and
in plain English, a sufficient guide for a new situation for which no adequate German Churches
daily life. moral safeguard existed in society. It
''I appreciate more than I can say
And it is not a big book. Familiarity seemed enough that all men would be
the warmth of your greetings to me
with its pages by daily touch makes benefited. The rich could make more
and the privilege of meeting with the
that clear. A daily habit, a settled money, and the poor could enjoy at
representatives of the Christian forces
method of thinking of it as one boo'x, small cost what had hitherto been lux
of America. It will be a source of
and reading it from opening page on, uries even to the rich. Everybody was
great encouragement to the Christians
as a story, ignoring for the time being, engrossed in the idea of profit, comfort,
of Germany to know that we can join
chapter and verse, gives a fascination luxury—THINGS.
together in facing the future.
to its pages. And the poetical books What should have been the first con "We are living in Germany in a very
and prophetical will fit into the story- sideration was the ideal upheld by
hard time. The situation appears to
part as drawers into a well-made bu Athenian youth, namely, a better brand
us very dark—so dark that I do not
reau, as will Paul's letters and the of MEN. Now a certain large part of
know what I shall find when I get
others, into Dr. Luke's story of The humanity has become disillusioned only
back home after an absence of nearly
Acts. to find that in the time of blindness two
six months. There are those who feel
The practical key to this Book is ruling forces of life that ought to have
that the worst period for Germany has
simply this, reading it habitually, quiet been advancing hand in hand, are ar
only just begun.
ly, with mind alert, simply reading it, rayed against each other, hand against
hand, money considerations against "I have just come from an Interna
giving one's self up to it for a bit of
time daily, and yielding the consent of human considerations. Even our appar tional Conference in China—the meet
one's life to its teachings and spirit. The ing of the World Student Christian
ently humane welfare activities are pro
Federation which brought together rep
famous artist kept the bright colored moted because they are profitable, and
resentatives of the Christian forces
stones always in sight to tone up his charity because it pays.
from all over the world; thirty-three
sense of colors. The sailor keeps his It is cause for gratitude that human
nature is reasserting its claim to be first, nations in all, representing all races.
eye constantly on compass and chart.
with the profit idea subordinate. We This meeting gave me an insight into
That's the thing here. Reading it
are all human and it should not be dif the possibility of fellowship of the
habitually tones up the moral sense,
clears the vision, steadies the feet, poises ficult for anyone to realize that this is Christian churches of all nations, and
the judgment, stiffens the will, gentles just. made me feel that the great hope for
the spirit, comforts the heart, quiets the Mr. George Fitch, Associate General the future lies in the development of
nerves, and sets the day's work to music. Secretary of the Shanghai Y.M.C.A., this spirit of unity."
But. in sharpest contrast with all whose specialty is organization of indus Dr. Robert E. Speer, who presided at
other books, it makes you face a personal trial work in behalf of factory "hands" the meeting, responded to Dr. Michae-
decision. There's no personal appeal in in China, recently told at the Nuuanu lis' address and in behalf of the
Napoleon or Cromwell. Xo decision Y.M.C.A. of little children eight years Churches of America welcomed the co
presses in. But here the Man of the of age crying out, "Let me die" as they operation of the German, churches in
Book looks into your face. Me calls are forced by their parents into factory working together for the building of a
you to choose. And you do, this way work from 4 a.m. to 5 p.m. Their earn better world. He said in part:
or that. You are never again the man ings are 5c a day, and if they are not "The divisions between nations and
you were. on the job when the doors open they races cannot be argued away; they
are shut out, losing their chance to earn have to be lived away. It is in our
their daily bread. common efforts to work out the Chris
CONVERTING OUR ECONOMIC tian ideal in the life of the world today
Not Chinese industries, but many
MOTIVES that we find the one influence which
American industries as well, have yet
The time is not so long ago when a long road to travel before they reach can break through racial and national
most men had a particular occupation Hawaii's measure of regard for its in differences. The spirit of fellowship
and stuck to it thru life. The chances dustrial workers, but we are far from represented within this room is an evi
were that their sons would carry on the the goal of recognizing that the highest dence of the larger unity that is still
same work. The machine age has type of the human being is by divine possible. Here in the Federal Council
changed all this, creating the great pro right the first thing to be considered and of the Churches we see the marks of
blem of casual, floating labor,—vast that considerations of profit should be the healing of a former war which
populations working part time and idle subordinate to that. divided our own nation, for the repre
part time and shifting from one job to If "humanity first" is the right moral sentatives of both the Northern and
another. Assisted immigration has ag motive, we are still out of joint; we Southern states are here, at one in
gravated the situation, so that steady need conversion. The machine age has their loyalty to their common Lord in
labor, the very foundation of individual been a prodigal spendthrift, wasting its the task of winning the world to Him.
or national development, is now coveted manhood for some fifty years of its There are also here the representatives
blessing of the few. The habit of fit youth. Now it is finding that the way of both the white and Negro races. If
ful labor has now settled down upon a of the transgressor is hard. there can be developed such a spirit of
240 THE FRIEND October, 1923

unity as we now have within the Part Two of an Interesting Storj} torn, which bottom was filled and
Church, we need not doubt that is is checkered with taro patches, was made
possible to secure a unity which shall musical by a brawling mountain brook,
take in all nations and all races of the Childkood Autobiography and was always beautifully green. On
world. the east, the hill had a long slant up
"We hope that this meeting is only
of Robert W. Andrews ward, till it came to bare round shoul
an indication of the reconciling influ LIFE AT LAHAINALUNA der of the ridge, named Mount Ball.
ences that are now at work between the On the west the hill sloped downward
(Until Six Years Old) so steeply that the view of Lahaina from
Churches of America and the Churches
of Germany, and that we shall be able Told for Children Ten Years Old our portico was not at all cut off by the
to cooperate in the future in the great and Under Dibble house and the trees about it.
tasks which require the full strength (Continued from Last Month) The long and straight double line shows
of the Christian forces of all lands." the street. This was level, and I think
THE village of Lahainaluna was built
of it as 600 feet long from the valley
on the slope of a mountain, and
to the blacksmith's shop, but this may
'A RAINBOW was made up entirely of houses for the
be too large a guess. I never measured
teachers and pupils, and a large school-
Quite hurriedly, it, and if you want really to know you
house called the Seminary. These were
I passed along a flower-lined street, can go to Lahainaluna and measure it
all whitewashed, and being strung along
That, dancing and sentient with heat, for yourselves, for the valley is still
in a sort of line, they made a very
Breathed warm caresses on my brow. there and the bend in the road is in
showy appearance to people at the sea
Then— the same old place, though all the old
shore, two miles below; and perhaps buildings except the printing office
Like falling jewels from princely-tower, they were also the admiration of the
Upon the heads of man and flower, have been swept away by time or by
little birds in the woods, two miles up fire. The Seminary, a two story stone
About me fell the sun-lit rain. the mountain. But this village was my
And, reflectively, building, 140 feet front, and the two
home ; and if there was anything lack rows of students' cottages, stretching
I drifted through an open door ing to make it perfectly delightful, I
Where the red triangle, "Youth's Vic out still further southward and not
did not know it at the time. shown on the map—all have given place
tory of War," I will make a little map of Lahain
Waits for the white and khaki-clad. to modern buildings to suit new men.
aluna, which will help you know my But the brook flows on forever, and it
So, quietly. neighbors. makes a bright green band across what
Taking shelter upon a cool lanai, NORTH would otherwise be a bare red moun
Unobserved, I heard a voice say, When this map is before us, the edge tain. It was a paradox to me in my
"Hello! Greetings, My Friend!" of the valley lies along the north side. early years, that a brook could start
And, appreciatively, I saw— The Valley was about a hundred feet at the bottom of a valley and come out
Smiles go chasing frown, deep at this place, with very steep sides, at the top of the hill which made the
As each who came, lay burdens down and a zigzag trail running down into valley side; and truly, it could not have
To drift with peace and quiet. it; an eighth of a mile wide at the bot- done so except that the bottom of the
And, doubtfully,
valley slanted up as it went into the
I wondered if all could hear and know [ will w\aM a. little —a* of Lal-jiiAlunn. u/KJcK nA\ Ktip you +0
mountain, so that it did not require a
How masks are changed, as men come "^ **. Hi, '" >""■ very long au-wai, or ditch, on the val
and go, v" h.. <*„ vt<; ^yi.^r
ley side to reach the ka-ha-wai, or na
When caravans of life, halt to contem
tural stream in the valley, at a point on
plate.
a level with the Lahainaluna street.
Now assuredly !
Many times have I walked the ku-au-na,
It is answered. Look !
or path between the ditch and the val
Across the fastly clearing sky,
ley, to visit the fountain head. On the
In gratitude, a million flowers bloom on
WLST way there we had to climb around the
high,
point of a great rock which formed a
Where, "God" has hung a rainbow lei. ftuturt natural bridge across the ditch ; and we
By Calvin Keith Thomas, passed the mouth of a cave in the rocks
August 23, 1923. of the hill side, large enough for a
(In appreciation to Mr. Alleman, Social man to crawl into on his knees. We
Secretary, Army and Navy Y.M.C.A., Hono believed that this cave was a long and
lulu.) crooked one, and had its outlet in the
next valley on the south. We know that
STRANGE WAYS Blacfc. vnith. 5Kop Sam Alexander went in with a lantern,
Tool Kou»*
Small boy (at a concert) : "What's but came back when he found a cham
he shakin' a stick at her for?" ber wide enough to turn about in.
Ma : "Sh-h ! He's not shaking his And what did I see when I reached
stick at her." the fountain head, where our own brook
Small boy : "Then what's she yellin' SOUTH branched off from its parent stream''
about?" A new world : everything different from
October, 1923 THE FRIEND 241

home. The sky overhead was pinched was ever left behind because of making a fearful thing hung in a tall box in the
by the prison walls of the valley, and this little trip to Lahainaluna ; for no corner, a human skeleton, which kept
the bit of ocean at the mouth of the native captain ever set sail in continua one eye on us, right through boards and
valley was not much to look at, either. tion of his voyage on the same day as all, lest we should do any wrong thing.
The stream, which, seen from our when he arrived at the port. The Clark house held good company
street, was like a wide gray ribbon My Companions for me—Caroline, Sarah, and their little
flung along the green bottom of the My companions were playmates, brother Charlie; the Dibble house had
valley, was now a rocky road, fifteen schoolmates, elders and servants. First two little boys, Morton and Seymour;
feet wide or more, made up of rounded and foremost, all four rolled into one, and the Emerson house, William, John
smooth stones from an ounce weight to was my sister Sarah, who was five and Nathaniel. William was a good
a ton, and nothing traveled that road years older than I. When our Ma whittler. He taught me to make quill
except the mountain water splashing wanted a quiet house, it was a very and potato pop guns, and my father's
and gurgling around the rocks, and the common thing for her to say to Sarah, stock of quills had to suffer in con
little o-opu fish who amused them "Won't you take the children out for a sequence. He also made little boats.
selves in the pools. The dam from walk" ; the children being myself and Every block of white pine wood that
which our brook started out, was a Samuel and William, though William came into his hands was turned into
rude wall across the bed of the stream, was a little shaver, and had to be car a whaleboat or a Whitehall boat, hol
made partly tight with sods. When ried on her back a good deal. She lowed out smooth and fitted with thwarts
the winter freshets came roaring down afterwards used to say that she always and oars. Of course, he knew how to
the valley, the poor dam was sure to carried a supply of white rags and keep his knife sharp. John Emerson
go ; but our brook did not lack for thread for tying up our stubbed toes was, of all my playmates, the one near
water as long as the storm was on. and cut fingers. She told us stories est to me in age, and the most frequent
When our water failed, the boys would while we were resting ; and one of in quarrel with me. When our dis
go down and build up the dam again. these, long remembered by the name of agreement reached the stage of loud
Bathing Houses Giant Despair, was begun while resting words, our mothers would appear on the
in the shadow of a high stone wall, and scene, and after listening to our con
I can remember three of these—one certain tufts of grass came flying over flicting stories, would say, "Well, now,
for each of the teachers' houses—and the wall—a mystery which was never you must kiss each other and be good
they were alike in two respects—they explained. It was begun, but never friends." So we would come together
were all built on the downhill side of finished; a continued story, which could with a faint kiss which was like taking
the brook, and each received water be taken up at any time where it left a bitter pill ; but the wise mothers knew
from the brook by a trough which pass off the time before, and this made us that a real peace could be had only by
ed through the side of the house. The good at remembering what we had keeping the boys apart for the rest of
water did not run in the trough all the heard before. that day.
while, but only when a slide gate at the Elizabeth was my gentle sister; al A Strange Game
side of the .brook was pulled up ; and ways kind ; always called me Bobbie. We Lahainaluna children had a play
then it spouted merrily from the inner At one time a party of the large boys which we called "Going Whaling", and
end down into the great stone tub, and girls went down into the valley, I think there never was a game just
which was plastered smooth, and was but they ruled, to my great sorrow, like it played by any other set of chil
three feet deep and large enough for that I must stay at home. But Boodo dren. It was partly real and partly
me to kick around and splash in. At —for such was her name amongst us imaginary, and it could be played only
the farther end of the tub there was a children—thought of me, and for a con under the large grape-arbor of the
tall sliding gate which had two uses ; solation, she brought me two big drops Dibble house, and in the grape season.
for when it was pulled up it uncovered of banana-flower nectar in their pearly The real part of the game was in cap
a hole at the bottom which let out the cups. It is for acts like this that I turing the bunches of grapes which
water with a rush, and then the tub love to remember Elizabeth. hung down from the trellis overhead.
could be swept clean of mud; and when My playmates were all missionary We called a fine ripe bunch a sperm
it was pushed down, the water would children. They were Sam and Henry whale, and a bunch that had some
rise until it nearly filled the tub, and green and sour grapes on it we called
Alexander, and their little sister, Mary
then flow over the top of the gate and Jane, whom their father called "Daugh a right whale. The imaginary part was
run off in a ditch to the garden. ter of Zion". They lived up on the in making believe that we were in a
These bathing houses gave Lahaina- second floor in the north wing of the whaleboat on the ocean, and oars and
luna a good name among all the friends Seminary building—the end nearest my harpoons and lances. We knew that a
who passed our way. Whether they house—and I was fond of going there boat's crew should have a mate and a
had just finished a blistering ride from because there were so many things to boatstecrer, who stood at the ends of
Wailuku over the mountain, or a sea see in the room which was the passage the boat, facing the whale ; and five men
soaked canoe trip from Molokai, or a way between their sitting room and the pulling oars, who sat with their backs
cramped and starved and utterly miser great square chapel. There were books to the whale and obeyed orders. In
able schooner voyage from Hawaii or by the hundreds ; surveying instruments ; our case, we sailors had to keep on our
from Oahu, a bath in that cool mountain a telescope, (though I never looked feet, walking slowly backwards and
water was the first step toward restora through it) ; an orrery, by turning the keeping up a rowing motion with our
tion to comfort, and after this, fresh crank of which we could make the arms. Our imaginary boat could be
clothes, rest, and dinner. No traveler planets sail around the gilded sun ; and shortened or lengthened out to suit the
242 THE FRIEND October, 1923

number of children wanting to play. screamed. Reading was her delight and time we came to the word skirt, Porter
Real whalemen have to chop up the her snare, for in the midst of her house Green, a bigger boy who stood next to
blubber of the whales they catch and work, her mother's call would reach her me in class, would look wildly behind
melt out the oil in trypots, and store it —"Maria, sweep in the corners !" and him, first over one shoulder and then
in casks for sale; but we found it nicer with the lament, "O, those corners," over the other, and jump sidewise, to
to enjoy the reward of our labors at down would go the book, and she would show how scared he was ; all of which
once by sitting down on the green grass look around for the broom. A long was to me very, very funny.
and eating up the whales we had caught. time afterward I heard a story which Joe Lovell was the blacksmith, and
There was no family living in the belongs to Maria's life at Lahainaluna. he was a very interesting workman to
Dibble house at the time when we play A man with a turning lathe got some watch, whether he was making the chips
ed our game, and I do not remember blocks of soft wood, and turned out a fly as he shaped an ox-yoke out of a
that our parents ever reproved us for number of wooden dollies, for his little clumsy log, or making the sparks fly
gathering grapes in this way. girl friends. Each had a knob for the whenever, he put a fresh shovelful of
head, a round taper body with one side charcoal on the forge and pumped up.
Some Girls
planed off flat for the back, and a gim while he ironed off a cart. Charcoal
My sisters had their own girl friends, let hole through at the shoulders and was home made, and was cheaper at
who were, of course, far above me in another at the hips, where cloth arms Lahainaluna than seacoal ; and I used
years. The one I liked best was Helen and legs could be fastened on. Maria to be told that the snapping and crack
Richards, Sarah's particular friend. She had one of these dollies, and she loved ling and the showers of sparks were
had a level white line between her chin it dearly, and carried it about with her caused by the water which had been
and lip, the scar of a cut ; and when a great deal but the native servants be poured down the chimney hole of the
she bent on me a searching look with gan to talk about it and to call it her coalpit to quench the burning. Each
a question, I had to tell the whole truth, little god, which she worshipped secret drop must have been the mother of a
whether I wanted to do or not. I can ly. This would not do; not twenty thousand sparks, and it was as good as
remember perfectly well her brown years before, this people were a nation a Fourth of July for us to stand in the
eyes, and her voice, and the voice of of idolaters, living in fear of the spirits door of that little smithv.
her sister, Julia Maria. These girls which, as they believed, were in their
used to come from their home at ugly stone and wooden idols ; and the A NEW EUROPE
Lahaina to spend a few days at a time missionaries found their hardest work In the August issue of the American
at our house. One of our morning was to teach the people not to fear these Review of Reviews Frank H. Simonds
diversions was to climb the high stone false gods, but to trust the one God, our says :
wall that separated the oxpen from the Heavenly Father. So Mr. Dibble told "Viewed from the light of contempo
street, and watch the schoolboys yoke his little daughter to make her doll- rary press dispatches Europe seems on
up the oxen for their daily work. Once, house in the bureau drawer, and never, all sides to be disintegrating. . . . Yet
when an old lop horn ox, who had only never, take dolly outside of the bed a little closer examination demonstrates
one horn, and that was growing down room. In time this command was for that a new Europe is arising.
near the side of his face, was having a gotten ; and one day—I grieve to tell of ". . . Negatively we defeated the Ger
butting match with another ox, old lop it— Maria was playing with her dolly man effort to dominate the world; but
horn lost his appendage. Helen was under some bushes in the corner of the positively millions of Poles, Czechs.
one of us on the wall, and she quickly yard, when her father called her. She Slovaks, Southern Slavs, and Roumani
dropped to the street and ran toward ran toward the call, holding the doll ans were liberated, . . . Before the war
the house, crying out, "Now he's a under her apron ; but her foot caught in nearly forty millions of people in the
horse! Now he's a horse!", but I something and down she went full center of Europe lived under govern
don't believe she ever asked to ride on length on the grass, and the doll shot ments which they did not voluntarily
that horse. out ahead. The punishment came swift recognize and were denied political, so
Mary Green was an occasional visit and dreadful. The father with a hatchet cial and racial liberty."
or, though we knew her better in later and chopping block soon turned that In his judgment the Great War has
years, in her own rose-garden home on wooden doll into kindlings, and the this one asset to the good of the world,
East Maui. She was Elizabeth's closest clothes were not worth saving. Maria these central European peoples are now
friend ; and they might have been twin had to be punished because she broke free and will constitute the stronghold
sisters if they had not had different the Fifth Commandment — not the for the safety of the world; they will
mothers and different fathers. I have Second.
heard the story that when they were be the stabilizers of Europe.
School
babies in long clothes, being freshly
bathed and laid side by side on the bed, The young children of the teachers' ENCORE!
the fathers were called in that each families went to school at the Seminary, "I know we didn't make a single
might pick out his own baby, and both in a ground-floor room of the north mistake," said the disconcerted little
chose the wrong ones. There was Ann wing, that is, in the part nearest to our girl, "and yet they made us sing it
Eliza Clark, almost a daily visitor, and homes. I do not remember the teacher, all over again."
always nice; and Abbie Baldwin, who but probably she was Mrs. Dibble, who
came up occasionally from hot Lahaina ; was then a widow. What I do remem D. V. B. S.
but the girl who made a lively house ber is our spelling books—little and "Hello, isn't this a new face?"
for us was Maria Dibble. She laughed thin, with only white paper covers, but "No, it ain't new, it's just been
a great deal, and when she laughed she filled witli columns of words. Every washed."
October, 1923 THE FRIEND 243

In 1907 the "Gentlemen's Agreement" useful American citizens. Consequent

Japanese Schools in Hawaii was entered into between Japan and ly certain changes were made in the
By G. HAMILTON COLKET the United States ; the emigration of textbooks and emphasis was laid on
TO understand why the foreign- Japanese was limited, either to Ha American ideals and American customs,
language-school problem has caused waii or to the continental United States. but the old respect for Japan and the
the "melting-pot" of Hawaii to boil After 1907 the number of immigrants Emperor was also stressed as a duty
over one must understand the back was very small and in the last few and the pupil was not permitted to for
ground in Hawaii, how the Japanese years more Japanese have returned to get that under his dual allegiance he
came into the territory, and how the Japan than have come to the islands. was bound to both Japan and the
schools originated. According to the United States United States. It is interesting to note
The two great industries of Hawaii census of 1920, the population of the that this movement toward American
are the sugar and the pineapple indus Territory of Hawaii was 255,912; 109,- ization first developed at the instance
tries. For the fiscal year ending June 274 were Japanese. The Governor's of the Japanese themselves and was a
30, 1921, sugar of the value of $144,- report for the fiscal year ending June natural outgrowth of the change in the
571,514 and pineapple products of the 30, 1922, estimates the total population nature of the Japanese settlement in
value of $29,443,105 were exported as 284,538, of which 117,047 are Jap the islands.
from the territory, while the value of anese — the largest single racial ele There seems to have been very little
all the remaining exports amounted to ment in the Territory. criticism of the foreign-language
only $6,649,395. Now the native Ha- At first the Japanese laborer was schools until after the end of the war,
waiians are a pleasure-loving people only a "bird of passage." He came when the new nationalist consciousness,
with very few economic wants and, to the islands to earn enough money seeking suppression of all things of
consequently, it was early realized that to insure a comfortable old age in un-American origin, discovered in the
for the economic development of the Japan ; when this was earned he re foreign-language schools a menace to
islands foreign labor must be imported. turned to his native land. But in the peace and tranquillity of the islands.
In 1852, 180 Chinese coolies were im the meantime his children were grow Yet it was natural for the residents
ported by the Royal Hawaiian Agricul ing up with no knowledge of the cus of Hawaii to want to Americanize the
tural Society as a first experiment in toms, institutions, and language of the Japanese in the islands. Forty-one
introducing foreign labor. In all about mother-land. Something had to be per cent of the population of the terri
21,000 Chinese were imported before done, and from the need grew up the tory is already Japanese and, as their
the experiment was abandoned. With foreign-language schools, which have birth-rate is considerably higher than
the exception of Africans almost every become the subject of so much contro the average birth-rate (according to the
other race seems to have been tried versy in Hawaii. Governor's report for 1922, 48.9 per
at one time or another. In 1878 Por The first foreign-language school thousand population as .compared to
tuguese were brought from the Azores was established in 1896 by a Japanese the average birth of 40.14) the time
and Madiera and, according to the Christian minister brought to the is not far distant when over half of
United States census of 1920, they now islands by the Hawaiian Mission Board, the population will be Japanese. There
number 27,002 and rank second only and the object of the schools seems are now only 658 Japanese who are
to the Japanese. to have been as much to convert the registered voters, but some estimate
In 1868 the first 48 Japanese laborers Japanese children to Christianity as to that by 1940 there will be 30,857 Ha
were brought to the islands. In 1884 teach the Japanese language. As it waiian-born Japanese entitled to vote
one thousand more Japanese came, and was feared that the religious feature out of a total electorate of 65,764.
in 1886 an immigration treaty was would give the Buddhists a pretext for The difficuly of the problem has
entered into between the Government starting a school to propagate their been increased by the fact that the
of Hawaii and the Japanese govern own faith all religious teachings were Japanese do not intermarry with the
ment. From that time until 1900, when discontinued and the school was made other races of the islands and thus
the islands were taken over by the "independent." But the Buddhists be they are not being absorbed into the
United States, about 70,000 Japanese gan to start their own schools. The mass of the population. Also they
came to Hawaii as indentured laborers movement spread until, according to seem to have preferred to import their
under a three-year contract. In 1900 the Governor's report for 1921, there wives from Japan rather than marry
the status of the Japanese laborer were in the territory 200 foreign- the Japanese girls born and educated
changed from an indentured laborer to language schools, employing 500 teach in the islands, and the influence of these
a free laborer, the former contracts be ers and having an attendance of 23,000 "picture brides" has tended to keep the
coming unenforceable under the laws pupils. home surroundings thoroughly Jap
of the United States. Immediately the As time went on the Japanese labor anese. From 1911 to 1919, 8,841 "pic
Japanese began to flock from Hawaii ers became more and more attached to ture "brides" came to the territory.
to California, drawn there by the lure their new home and in increasing num The first attack on the foreign-
of higher wages, and Japanese in in bers became permanent residents of language schools was made in the ter
creasing numbers came to Hawaii in the territory. It became apparent that ritorial legislature in the session of
tending to pass thence to California as the former teachings, which had for 1919, when a bill was introduced to
soon as the necessary passage money their object the preparation of the abolish the schools, but was defeated.
could be earned. From 1901 to 1907 pupils for a future life in Japan, were However, an act was passed authoriz
10,000 Japanese came to the Territory. not suited to fit the pupils to become ing the United States Commissioner of
244 THE FRIEND October, 1923

Education to make a survey on educa school in the territory of Hawaii un were really economic rather than edu
tion in the territory of Hawaii. The less he should first have obtained a cational institutions, day-nurseries
survey was made under the direction permit from the Department of Public where the wives of plantation laborers
of Dr. Frank F. Bunker, a specialist Instruction, thus bringing the foreign- who worked in the fields with their
in city school adminstration, attached language schools within the complete husbands left their children while ab
to the Bureau of Education, with the control of the department, although sent from home, and that aboUtion of
assistance of other specialists, and a every cent for their support and main the kindergartens, without provision of
very interesting and complete report tenance came from private sources. a substitute, would work a great hard
was submitted. Other sections of the act required all
ship on these women. But it was
The committee consulted three or teachers to pass an examination in
hinted to the Japanese members that
ganizations in the territory, the Daugh English, provided that teachers should
unless the kindergartens were abolished
ters of the American Revolution, the possess ideals of democracy and knowl
edge of American history, and gave to voluntarily the next legislature would
Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu
and the Ad Club of Honolulu. The the Department of Public Instruction abolish them by law. Before this hint
first, as was to be expected, recom the power to prescribe the courses of the Japanese members gave way and
mended the abolition of the foreign- study and the textbooks to be used. joined with the American members of
language schools, with the implied sug The most important provision of the the committee in the suggested recom
gestion that one language was enongh act reads as follows: "No foreign-lan mendations.
for any American. The Chamber of guage school shall be conducted in In accordance with the recommenda
Commerce went no further than to the morning before the school hours tions submitted by the committee the
recommend that the foreign-language of the public schools or during the following regulations were prepared by
schools should be put under the inspec hours while the public schools are in the Department of Public Instruction
tion and supervision of public authority session. Nor shall any pupil attend a and now only need the signature of
and that the supervision of their cur foreign-language school for more than
the Governor to become law :
ricula "should be such as to prevent one hour each day, nor exceeding six
the direct or indirect teaching of stand hours in any one week, nor exceeding "1. That the course of study for the
ards, ethics, conduct, or morals not thirty-eight weeks in any school year. elementary foreign-language schools
American." The Ad Club recommend Provided, however, that the depart shall cover a period of six years.
ed the gradual elimination of the for ment may in its discretion, with the ap "2. That the kindergarten and first
eign-language schools and advised in proval of the Governor, modify the and second grades of the foreign-lan
struction in the foreign language in terms hereof if it deems it can do so guage schools shall be discontinued ac
local demand in the upper grades of consistently with the declared object
cording to the following plan : (a) No
the public schools. It is greatly to be of this act."
pupils shall be admitted to the kinder
regretted that none of the Japanese, Yet even this act did not go far
enough to satisfy the Americanizers. garten or the first grade during or after
the people directly affected, nor any
of the Japanese societies, were consult Under the provision giving the De the school year beginning September,
ed. The committee's recommendations partment of Public Instruction power 1922; (b) no pupils shall be admitted
were a sort of straddle between the to prescribe the textbooks used in the to the kindergarten, the first, or sec
advice of the Ad Club and that of the schools a committee was appointed to ond grades during or after the school
D. A. R. It recommended that foreign- revise the textbooks. This committee year beginning September, 1923; (c)
language instruction be abolished im was composed of the most learned beginning September, 1924, only pupils
mediately except for children who Japanese residents of the territory, se who have completed the second grade
could never become American citizens, lected by the Japanese consul-general of the public-school course may be ad
and that classes in any foreign language at the request of the territorial author mitted to the foreign-language schools.
desired, where there was a sufficient ities. After the committee had held
demand, be organized in the public several meetings it was proposed that "3. That foreign-language-school
schools and be conducted for one hour some American residents of the terri textbooks, beginning September, 1923,
at the close of the public-school ses tory should be invited to join it and shall contain English equivalents for
sion, this instruction to begin with the help in the revision of the textbooks. foreign words and idioms, and shall be
first grade if desired. Instead of aiding in this revision the based on the principle that the pupil's
When the territorial legislature met American members of the committee normal medium of expression is Eng
in special session in 1920 it directed suggested that the first two grades of lish."
its attention to the foreign-language the foreign-language schools should be
The Japanese population of the islands
schools and passed an act (Act 30, S. abolished and that the Japanese kinder
gartens should be discontiued. The had submitted quite willingly to the
L. 1920) completely changing their
status. The preamble provided that Japanese members were totally unpre regulations of the Act of 1920, but
the term "foreign language school" pared for such a suggestion and for when they learned that the kinder
should be construed to mean any school a time objected to it. There had been gartens were to be abolished a storm
which is conducted in any language no previous suggesting of abolishing of protest arose. The Japanese mem
other than English or Hawaiian. The the kindergartens. The Japanese argued bers of the committee were forced to
act further provided that no person that the kindergartens, which took care resign and the matter was placed in
should conduct a foreign-language of the children up to the age of six, the hands of a Honolulu lawyer.
 October, 1923
THE FRIEND 245

Report of the Religious First Sunday, the Hawaiian Protes by individual pastors and others, simply
tant service. as occasion calls.
Activities at fne Various Second Sunday, an Episcopal service. A social worker began work at
Third Sunday, a service by Kawaia- Queen's Hospital, September 1st, under
Honolulu Public Institutions hao Church, and also a Mormon service. direction of the Hospital authorities, but
The Evangelistic Committee of the (The Mormons also conduct a Sunday whose salary is paid by the Honolulu
Inter-Church Federation of Honolulu, School every Sunday at i p.m.) Flower Society.
consisting of Rev. A. S. Baker, chair Fourth Sunday, services by the Chris Children's Hospital
man; Chaplain M. O. Beebe, Rev. J. P. tian Church. Nothing has been done thus far.
Erdman, E. E. Freeman, E. H. Fry, T. On the last Sunday of each month, at Japanese Hospital
Hori, and Miss Grace Channon, having 7 a.m., Catholic service. No service possible. The various Jap
been asked by the Federation to investi On the other Sundays at 7 a.m., Ha anese pastors visit the hospital regularly.
gate the religious activities of the vari waiian services by the patients them Lunalilo Home
ous religious institutions of the city, the selves; also every evening from 7 to Each Sunday there is an early Cath
following report of findings has been 8. Monday evenings these services, olic service, and Kawaiahao Church con
prepared : from 7 to 8, are carried on by the Chris ducts services in the afternoon.
Penitentiary tian Japanese; Wednesdays, by the Police Station and Emergency Hospital
The Sunday schedule at the Peniten mothers and daughters; Saturdays, by Religious work is not possible here as
tiary was found to be as follows : the fathers and sons; Sundays, by the people are kept in these places not more
8-8 :30 a.m.—Filipino Protestant ser children. than one or two nights each.
vice. There areKalihi
154 patients.
Boys' Home King's Daughters Home
8:30-9—Korean Protestant service. Some attend church in the city, and
9-9:30—Under the auspices of the The boys are taken to Sunday School services are held on each Sunday' after
Y. M. C. A., Kaumakapili Church con at the Kalihi branch of the Kawaiahao noon.
ducts three Sunday services, and the Church, every Sunday from 2 to 3 p.m., Leahi Home
Methodist Church, one. excepting during the summer vacation. Services are held Sunday afternoon
9:30-10—Japanese Protestant Church, The Catholic priest visits the institution once a week by the Catholics; once by
under Mr. Hori. once a week, and the Episcopal minis the Methodists and twice by the Chris
io-ii —Salvation Army (most popu ters once a month. tian Endeavor societies. The Salvation
lar service). There are 46 boys at present, all be Army holds a weekly Wednesday ser
6-6 :3o—Catholic service, first Sunday low the age of 13, and with only a very vice. Rev. Mr. Freeman visits both this
of each month. few near that age. institution and the King's Daughters
Wednesday nights a Bible Class is car The Jail Home.
ried on by the prisoners themselves. Services on Sunday: Chinese Home
The prisoners come to the services as 8-9 a.m.—Hawaiian Protestant Ser Regular Sunday English-speaking ser
they prefer, and without compulsion. vice.
vices are held, and once a month ser
There is opportunity for conversation 9-10—Japanese Service. vices by the Chinese Church .
with any of the Christian workers of io-ii —Salvation Army.
each group. Girls' Industrial School
11-11:30—Catholic Service.
The prison has a commodious and The Salvation Army also holds a ser In the past, the girls have been taken
pleasant chapel. vice from 5 to 6 p.m. on Fridays. each week to the Moiliili Branch Chapel
When visited there were 307 prison The same rules cover attendance at of the Kawaiahao Church, for both
ers, only two being women. the services as at the Penitentiary. Church and Sunday School. The month-
Kalihi Receiving Station There are 124 prisoners. i"'»""iirimiiiiiiii:,iii,i„:.„,„1.„|,„,mll, 1|lm i,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,.
Sunday services at 3 p.m. Insane Asylum
Of the 402 inmates, the great major
V iiiiiimiHiiiini miHiimiimiti miinmimiinv :tiiiiriiniMi: n a
ity are Japanese, Chinese or Koreans. Jim Henry says:
SAVE! There are small groups of Filipinos and
"To earn a little; to spend a little - ITawaiians, with scarcely any Caucasians.
I less" was a part of the philosophy of 1 The average man would
I Robert Louis Stevenson. It should be 1 Ministers from various racial churches rather have his attractions
I a part of the philosophy of life of . = occasionally visit the institution. But grow on people gradually. He
I every man and every woman. No one 1 thus far it has not been found practical doesn't like to have his face
I can achieve financial independence if
; everything earned is spent. to conduct regular services, as many re covered with a white powder.
The surest and easiest way to Bave I fuse to attend services at all, and many Mennen's Talcum for Men
- is to have a savings account in the positively doesn't show on
I bank and put into it a fixed percent- I more simply sit through them compre the face. It blends into the
I age of one's earnings. hending nothing. The Catholics visit
This bank pays 4 percent interest, I only those dying who are of their own color of the skin. A safe
I compounded semi-annually, on savings I faith. man-powder.
I accounts. |
Queen's Hospital
I The Bank of Bishop* Co., Ltd. ! No services are possible. Regular I AMERICAN FACTORS, Ltd.
Oldest Bank in Hawaii
Established 18S8 visits are made by the Catholic priests
Total AMt(« Over 916,900,000
rJtimiiiiNiiilriMiniiiiim niiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii hiiim iniiiujiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiil and Canon Ault. Other visits are made
iiimiimiiiiiimiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiifi. i.iiuiiiimjimiiiiiiieiiiimiiiiiiii.jimiMmmn
 THE FRIEND October, 1923
246

ly Catholic service is held at the school, <MM5BMESMMMS3KBME^MM5B£SMMi

and a weekly Wednesday class of in
struction is also held by the Catholics. Twice as much sewing in the same time with a
Under the recent rearrangement of the
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and give you so much more
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easy to learn — durable—
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well as for your own use.
No larger than a type
writer when covered, oper
ates from any light socket,
under perfect control—no
peddling.
$5
MONEY TALKS
puts any one of three
Everybody knows the old saying, types in your home.
'Money Talks," but there are some
who don't understand Its language.
WWDiix\or\d8c^LTD
THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES N*
The balance In conveni
ent monthly payments.
It may be protesting against being 53 65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
invested in unsound securities, but
they don't understand its signals. SMinifflSSgiftflflriffliWS
It is our business to understand .Tsr^iganiMinigSinQriinffiSggi
the language of money, just as it is
the business of our STOCK AND
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authentic information regarding the
money market. If you are con
templating an investment in stocks,
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
bonds or other securities, the in AT HONOLULU
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MENT are at your service, free of OFFICERS
charge. L T Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
Trent Trust Co ltd United States Government Depositary
HONOLULU
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
Cable Transfers.
So to serve that we may continue
to serve
ACCOUNTS INVITED

Armco, the Symbol of Economy

ARMCO is the name of the iron that resists rust. If iron can be made
to resist rust, the object into the construction of which that iron
enters lasts indefinitely instead of going quickly to pieces. This, of
course, means a saving in money, whether the amount involved is a
million dollars in railway equipment or a hundred in a kitchen range.
i!
Rust has no appreciable effect on absolutely pure iron. Armco is
99.84 per cent pure; that is to say, a commercially pure iron.
The Honolulu Iron Works Company is wholesale distributor for
Armco products in the Territory of Hawaii.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.
Wholesale Distributors
HONOLULU NOVEMBER, 1923 HAWAII
Y. M. C. A. EDITION
254 THE FRIEND November, 1923
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;<iiiiriiiiMiii<M'iiiiii'iiirirtiii: •iiiiiiumii riiiit'imni'i

SAVE!
| "To earn a little; to spend a little |
The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. j | less" was a part of the philosophy of 1
Dealers in Automobiles and
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
I
1
|
Robert Louis Stevenson. It should be
a part of the philosophy of life of
every man and every woman. No one
|
|
§
1 Pierce=Arrow
I can achieve financial independence if |
Machinery Merchants | everything earned is spent. |
| The surest and easiest way to save | Dual Valve Six
Agents for I is to have a savings account in the 1
Packard Motor Car Co. 1 bank and put into it a fixed percent- |
Overland Company | age of one's earnings.
Buick Motor Company This bank pays 4 percent interest, IT is in traffic that |
Chandler Motor Car Co. | compounded semi-annually, on savings |
Cleveland | accounts. the flexibility born §
Menominee Trucks I The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd. !
United States Tires Oldest Dank In Hanoi!
of ample power is
Michelln Tires Kstnliliihed 1S.-.N |
Also Agents for Total Assets Over «l«,9O0,OO0 most apparent and
Otis Elevator Company ^NIIIIIIMItllllllNlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll limilllllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllir?

Hi
::: Frick Co. (Ice Machinery) most grateful.
Gray Motor Co. •'tv»;*W4«&v»m»^ivWW
;;;
Armstrong Cork Co. It threads the crowd
::: L. C. Smith Co.
(Concrete Machinery) ed streets, starting in-
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
Century Electric Co.
Knight "All White" Soda Fountain
Ill s t a n 1 1 y, increasing
Company
Palatine Ins. Co. of London
speed at a moment's
Automobile Department of Hartford notice, slowing down
Phoenix Assurance Co .of London
Fire Ins. Co. 1 without touching a
Union Gas Engine Co. * * +
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG I gear, springing
CLOTHING and
BUILDING
MEN'S
through a narrowing
Corner King and Bishop streets,
Honolulu. FURNISHINGS passage, speeding
+ + *> ahead on a clear road
The Up-to-Dateness —effortless, noiseless.
of the Stock is our
Special Pride
Demonstration by
Japanese «J !3 *
appointment.

Bazaar ELKS' BLDG.

m1lrs<trMrS<trMfmfttfotmtfrttr»VfWr&vmtMr»\Tmai
TEL. 1751

1 Royal Hawaiian Sales

LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF Co., Ltd.
ORIENTAL GOODS
Dealers
IN THE CITY.
S J* Jt
Outing Shoes
• Honolulu ■ Wailuku
PHONE 1470. FORT ST.
Opposite Catholic Church.

t§t 3= 31 It £
For News-Japan, Japanese El W. W. AHANA & CO., LTD.
and Oriental, Read -fp White Buck with Rubber Soles
$5.00. MERCHANT
ESTABLISHED 1695
TAILORS
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENCUSH
suisctihimi
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P. O. Pox 1230 Honolulu, T. H. 62 King Street
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Japanese, English & Chinese Rubber Stamp Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIII. HONOLULU, HAWAII. NOVEMBER, 1923 No. 11

Building Honolulu's Future Manhood

By ROBERT ANDERSON
Chairman, Central Committee of Management
VARIOUS estimators, after careful study, calculate that The problems presented to the average boys club cultivate
there are very close to ten thousand boys in the city of the power, on occasion, to face real moral crises thought
Honolulu. A number of organizations are working with a fully, to criticize his own conduct, to form clear and accurate
comparatively small number of this large group of future judgment of right behavior, to organize the feelings into
citizens. After several years of close observation and study higher ethical sentiments, to attain conscious self-control
I have come to have considerable confidence in the boys and to help in directing wisely the life of the group. In
work program of the \ oung Men's Christian Association. these and many other ways an attempt is made to transform
For more than fifty years the Y.M.C.A. has been gathering sheer duty into an impelling and inviting sense of beauty.
together and studying the best methods of organizing boys The future of our humanity is largely created from our
into groups in which they can prepare themselves physical past. The boy life represents the living growing present.
ly, mentally, morally, socially and spiritually for their Their characters will be whole and sound in proportion as
heavier respons.bilit.es in the larger group as they draw from the total heritage. They need
they emerge into manhood and citizenship. to live over again some of its myth and legend,
Any character-building program must have a its poetry and drama, its work and play, its
goal as distinct as that before a traveler who customs and history. They need to learn its
would take a journey or a factory manager wisdom, respect its great personalities and
who would turn out a finished product or an revere its ideals.
artist who would create a work of art. It Character is a by-product of a worthy cause
should be consciously purposeful, not hap made personal. The cause should usually be
hazard. The Association program for work w an actual situation, always capable of being
with boys has a definite goal. carried over into a completed and alleviating
Results of successful character-building work thought or act. not an imaginary one that ends
should be such that they can be measured. merely in a pious sentiment. It must always
This program promises to know where it is going and what be within the boy's grasp—a lift to a lame boy, help to a
progress it is making. tired mother, food to stricken Japan or the completion of
A Program That Appeals some project in the club or at school.
The program is a practical one. It aims to assist the All of this leads to reverence and belief in Life that is
boys to become not simply abstractly good, but good for more than meat. There is no preaching, no pretending.
something definite. The boy is fitted into a busy con Simply, directly, genuinely, the boys are taught respect for
structive, creative program in which he works, plays, studies, the laws of nature, the laws of the state and the laws- of God.
loves and worships. He is not taught virtue for virtue's But it is not enough for a program to aim in general at
sake, but Tightness and righteousness for life's sake—the the ideal person. The task of character building is more
growing, self-realizing life of individuals and societies. The specific. It must prepare boys with unfailing certainty to
program is arranged to develop, in the boy's mind, a dislike meet successfully all the situations that people face in their
and hatred of ugliness in conduct and tastes and to prejudice normal life as human beings. These situations are perma
him in favor of that which is clean, kindly, courageous and nent facts either of human nature or of an orderly world
noble. to which the person must adjust himself. There are nine
The mind of the average boy is extremely sensitive to the situations demanding definite adjustment. If he fails to
images which are presented to him. Its mental pictures are measure up in any one of them he is to that extent a misfit.
its pillar of cloud and pillar of fire. The program aims to Space will only permit a very brief treatment of them. The
see that the mind of every boy is attracted to the best program of which we have been talking seeks to fit boys to
examples of art ; is entangled in the plot of wholesome meet adequately the situations which will confront them as
novels, plays and movies ; is resonant with proverbs, poetry, they become men.
precepts and wise sayings ; is vibrant with the melody and 1. PREPARATION FOR HEALTH—111 health and
rhythm of the best music ; is inspired with admiration of anemia are the basis of much moral delinquency and are the
great personalities and is self-hypnotized by the thoughts nation's greatest liability. The grouch, the pessimist, the
of noble deeds. (Continued on page 267)
278 THE FRIEND December, 1923

Easter Sunrise Service the Book, the unuttered and uncounted lus clouds. The photogTaph kindly
thoughts of tlie worshippers, teaching loaned by Dr. Capps shows a phenome
Mary Dillingham Frear
the Beatitudes of his matchless Gospel. non of nature seen by a few and unwit
THE promise of spiritual presence More than thirty years ago the writer tingly caught by his camera, the Easter
where two or three are gathered to was one of a throng of pilgrims climbing of 1020, when after heavy showers of
gether must have been fulfilled in the the white stone road to Oberamagau. rain during the service, at the close of
clays when "Johnny" Martin began an The inspiration of that experience is the benediction, the sun burst through
the overcast sky and showed for a
moment a cloud formation of a cross
immediately above the cross on the hill.
By some of the old Hawaiians it was in
terpreted as a symbol of forgiveness for
the ancient human sacrifices.
Easter Dawn
Before the dawn !■
How dark the darkest hour,
When heavy rain-clouds move in
stealthiness,
Like muffled forms in strange duress.
O'erburdened to confess,
And not a lamp in heaven is seen !
Unshriven and unclean,
Earth's shadows creep and cower
Before the dawn.

Then conies the dawn !

(), all-undaunted Power,
How were there shadows if there were
This remarkable photograph, showing the Cross in the sky above the Easter Cross no light?
on Punchbowl, was made just at the close of the sunrise service, Easter morning, 1920.
This photograph is from the original negative without being altered or retouched in
Yield, clouds your burden unto sight;
any way and is fully protected by copyright. L. E. CAPPS. Let falling rain be bright
With sunshine, blue and gold and rose
Easter Sunrise Service on the summit of friendly hands of Boy Scout escorts up The joy of God disclose.
Punchbowl. For the value and beauty of the rugged storm-worn side of Punch And bring the earth rich dower,
such a celebration has grown until after bowl. When comes the dawn !
the manner of the gatherings on Mount Life holds many a strange coincidence,
Rubidoux, we are now "seeing the multi and it is one worthy of note that this Dawn !• Easter dawn !
tudes" as thousands by the long road Puuoina (Hill of Sacrifice) was ancient Heaven's purifying shower
in automobiles or by the sharp and steep ly the scene of the destruction of crim With rainbow promise cheers my
ascent on foot, go "up into a mountain." inals and of the offering of human sacri darkened heart.
It is evident that, unseen but present, fice as a form of worship. Now, annu Disperse, fear-clouds ! Let doubts
the real Jesus is through the music of ally, for three days and nights a cross depart,
myriad voices and far carrying instru erected on the crest of the hill gleams And faith, responsive, start
ments, the spoken word, the reading of in the sunlight or in the searchlights From beds of hope; the will-to-believe
often renewed by joining the hundreds thrown upon it, sometimes casting a yet At last reward receive,
who climb, some of them with "painful more beautiful shadow of itself upon a For love is come to flower !
steps and slow" and grateful for the background of our characteristic cumu Dawn ! Easter dawn ! —M. D. F.

of that which we possess. It was a most CHURCH UNITY

Community Hlianksgiving satisfactory sermon delivered with For all Thy Church, O Ix>rd. we
Service moral earnestness and directness. Rev. intercede :
Edwin T. Sherman, who is the chaplain Make Thou our sad divisions soon to
(Continued from page 277) at Kamehameha Schools and the presi cease :
Galen R. Weaver of the Church of the dent of the Inter-Church Federation, Draw us the nearer each to each, we
Crossroads offered the prayer. The presided. Others who took part were plead,
sermon was preached by Rev. C. W. Rev. Lloyd G. Davis, dean of the By drawing all to Thee, O Prince of
Jones of the Christian Church. He Honolulu Theological Seminary; Rev. Peace :
spoke on the value of gratitude and Monroe II. Alexander, pastor of the Thus may we all one Bread, one Bodv
said that it has done more for us than First Methodist Church ; and Rev. be,"
anything else in the world and empha Akaiko Akana, pastor of the Kawaiahoa Through this blest Sacrament of
sized the importance of contributing Church in which the services were held. Unity. W. H. Turton.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 279

Inter-Church Federation History

Inter-Church Federation merited the united support of the Finance Committee
churches. J. A. Hamilton, A. W. Palmer, E. C.
Today The Honolulu Interchurch Federation Smith, Joseph Zane, W. D. Westervelt.
SCOTT BRAINARD has assumed responsibility for an in
Executive Secretary, Central Y.M.C.A. creasingly large number of community Community Evangelism
The Honolulu Interchurch Federation activities, now promoting, supervising A. S. Baker, W. H. Fry, Miss Grace
was organized as a result of the activity and arranging. Channon, E. S. Freeman, Chaplain
of the Christian Extension movement The Community Training School. Beebe, J. P. Erdman, T. Hori.
during 1911-12. Since then, the Federa Thanksgiving Union Service. Publicity
tion has been revived and reorganized a Christmas Community Celebration.
Christmas Union Service. Miss E. V. Warinner, C. R. Frazier,
number of times as the demand for it
Good Friday Service. Scott Brainard, J. L. Hopwood.
has arisen. Through all of the various
Easter Sunrise Service. Boys and Girls Industrial Schools
phases of its activity has run not only
Week Day Religious Education. L. G. Davis, D. H. Klinefelter, Miss
the spirit of cooperation but a deep fine
Speakers for Boys' and Girls' Indus L. A. Stixrud, Chaplain Kendal, T. K.
feeling of fellowship among the pastors
trial School. Yuen.
and Christian workers of the city who
Semi-annual meetings of the Federa Good Friday Service
compose the council.
rnilE Honolulu Inter-Church Federa- tion. A. W. Palmer, A. Akana, T. Hori,
-*- tion is made up of various religious Monthly meetings of the Federation Stanley Livingston.
denominations, including Methodists. Council.
Community Training School
Christian, Congregational, Episcopal, Meetings to bring national and inter
national religious leaders and speakers Scott Brainard, Miss Channon, R. S.
Union and other Evangelical churches
before the congregations of the city. Freeman, G. R. Weaver, E. F. Edwards,
and missions. There are Chinese, Ha
A glance at the following list of of Miss E. J. Hill.
waiian, White, Japanese, Korean, and
Filipino churches among these denomi ficers and committeemen shows the
nations. scope of interest of the churches and Rise up, O men of God !
The Federation is an organization Christian workers. It also indicates in Have done with lesser things.
whose object is to promote comity and a small way the program of activity Give heart, and soul, and mind, and
co-operation among all the churches. which the Federation fosters. strength
The Council is the executive body of HONOLULU INTER-CHURCH To serve the King of kings.
the Inter-church Federation and is com FEDERATION COUNCIL
posed of the minister and a lay delegate Rise up, O men of God!
President—Edwin T. Sherman.
from each of the co-operating churches His kingdom tarries long.
Vice-President—T. Koniuro.
and also such other persons as are rep Bring in the day of brotherhood
Secretary—Norman C. Schenck.
resenting Christian work. The Federa And end the night of wrong.
Treasurer—John A. Hamilton.
tion meets bi-annually: February and Civic Relations Committee
September. The Council meets month Lift high the cross of Christ !
A. W. Palmer, M. H. Alexander, Tread where His feet have trod.
ly. This organization is a practical Akaiko Akana, George DeKay, G. B.
demonstration of Christian unity and Cameron. As brothers of the Son of man
co-operation. Rise up, O men of God.
Program Committee William Pierson Merrill (abr.)
As the Fedeation stands today, it not
II. P. Judd, L. R. Killam, C. W. Copyright 1911 by "The Continent."
only represents cooperation and fellow
Bourne. M..H. Alexander, H. A. Taylor,
ship among the members of the council
Joseph Woodward.
but presents in solid array the united
Inter-Church Fellowship World Peace—respect for law—im
Christian forces of the community. In
Theodore Richards, T. Okumura, C. migration—prohibition—World Court—
many instances, the recommendations
H. Min. Y. T. Char, R. S. Scudder, A. all of these stare us in the face. Big
and resolutions passed by the Federa
V. Soares, II. K. Poepoe, Chas. Loomis, pressing problems demand cooperation
tion Council have played a considerable
Mrs. W. F. Frear. on the part of those who would solve
part in the molding of community opin
Easter Sunrise Service them. Hence the need of an Inter-
ion and action.
Miss E. V. Warinner, R. II. Trent, M. Church Federation. N. C. Schenck.
The Honolulu Interchurch Federation
is connected with the Federal Council 1 1. Alexander, G. R. Weaver, Miss Grace
of the Churches of Christ in America Channon, C. R. Frazier, S. W. Robley, "Churches are to serve primarily the
and strives to promote the program of T. Komuro. needs of the community and not the
church cooperation suggested by the Religious Education particular denominations." Wise words
Fedeal Council. The Federal Council A. E. Shattuck, Bishop La Mothe, J. from the annual report of President
has called on the local Federation to L. Hopwood, Mrs. L. J. Doane, W. E. Sherman of the Honolulu Inter-Church
support national projects which have Givens, H. B. Schwartz, B. O. Wist. Federation. N, C. Schenck.
280 THE FRIEND December, 1923

What the Inter-Church Fed Y. M. C. A. Good Friday services at ganization. It gives a sure financial
the Central Union Church participated foundation for our work and makes it
eration Has Accomplished in by representatives from all races, possible to do in the future a broader
During 1923 Easter Sunrise services on Punchbowl. and more effective work.
Union Thanksgiving services in Kawai- Every committee has been active this
by Edwin T. Sherman
ahao Church. year. The Civic Relations Committee
During the year there have been held One meeting of the Inter-church Fed met and overcame in a moving picture
nine Council meetings, six Executive eration as a whole was held last Febru controversy and did much to back up
Committee meetings and one Federation ary in the Mission Memorial building our Governor in his veto of the Sunday
meeting. with attendance of 4O0. Bishop Shep- Labor Law. The Program Committee
We have had the following represen pard of the Methodist Churches was the gave us our interesting programs. The
tative speakers at the various meetings : principal speaker. Inter-racial Fellowship Committee made
Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary of the In conference with Governor Far- progress not apparent to the public as
Commission on International Justice and rington and in co-operation with Secre- yet. The Community Evangelism Com
mittee did educational evangelism by
careful planned distribution of religious
pamphlets among the University stu
dents and others. This committee also
made a survey of the religious services
being held in the various public institu
tions and provided for visitation of sick
and injured in the hospital.
There has been the finest kind of co
operation on the part of the members
and committees which has been much
appreciated and has made the work a
pleasure. The closer associations made
possible and necessary have been par
ticularly enjoyable.
Some Suggestions for the Future
My intimate association with the work
of the Federation ought to entitle me to
make a few suggestions for the future.
A good beginning has been made
among the churches along the line of
co-operative work but we need to realize
Group at the Inter-church Federation Council Meeting Dec. 28, 1923 more fully that the churches are to serve
primarily the needs of the community
and not the particular denominations.
Gcxxl Will of the Federal Council of tary Brown, the Federation furnished We must combine our forces if we are
Churches of Christ in America ; Rev. J. the platform program for President to make progress against the combined
B. Rodgers, pioneer missionary from the Harding's memorial service. forces of evil. We must understand and
Presbyterian Board to the Philippines ; A service a week (nine months in the trust each other. We must confer and
Dr. Harry T. Hodgkins, Executive Sec year) has been held at the Boys' Indus unite aggressively in definite campaigns
retary of the National Council of China ; trial School and on request of the new for righteousness. We are friendly ri
Rev. Rowland M. Cross, Student Evan Superintendent of the Girls' Industrial vals now and merely lunch together once
gelistic Work under the American Board School, Sunday evening services have a month.
of Missions at Peking; Miss Margaret been begun at that institution. We need to get a view in common of
Bergin, chief of Honolulu Social Ser A handsome gift of $5000 has been a common task, a task that is too big
vice work, and Miss Hoshida, an Amer made to the Inter-church Federation for for any one denomination alone and
ican woman but a naturalized citizen of the first year's expenses in providing a which is growing daily more complex
Japan and a missionary in Japan for trained director and promoting the work and difficult. Partnership is the word
thirty years. of Week Day Religious Education in we need in our relationship.
Special and appropriate services have Honolulu. If in some way we could see the mor
been held under the auspices of the In The acceptance by practically all of al, social and spiritual needs of this city
ter-Church Federation as follows: the Protestant churches of the city of —yes, of these Islands, as an aviator
Community Christmas Services at the membership in our Federation, and what sees the physical layout of the same—
Capitol building. Week of Prayer Jan is even more significant, the payment of "from above" and then with open minds
uary 7-13 with 20 prayer meetings in the requested amount of 10 cents per and with hearts seeking only to bless
different parts of the city and six down resident member of each of the churches others and glorify God, unite by plan
town meetings at the Army and Navy is a new and decided advance in the or and program we could accomplish much
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 231

and win the approval and support of as against our needed forces and finally new residents are ever coming to our
many indifferent ones and others justly make our united plans not for a year but city. Mainland church workers, with
critical of our scattered and more or less on the basis of a progressive ten-year years of training and experience are lost
futile efforts. program. And unless we take into con to us because our needs and opportuni
In the first place I do not think we sideration the plantation problem we
ties are not presented to them in an ef
know what our common problem is. shall fail most miserably for it is insep
fective way or until they have taken up
We need to make a thorough survey arably linked with our local or city prob
other tasks and been weaned away from
of our common field, a thorough can lem.
vass of the races numerically, learn the We need to revise and enlarge our church work.
physical conditions under which we all church advertising in newspapers and Our Week Day Religious Educational
live, the social environments, and the bulletins and by all means revive our work and our newer task, the Commu
moral conditions and influences and the church directory in hotels and other nity Training School work, should both
variety of religious faiths and the reli semi-public and public places. We ought be pushed with increasing vigor, greater
gious needs of the people. to get the expert advice of publicity aggressiveness and persistence. Both
Then we should get together again agencies as to how we can reach the of them mean trained workers to cope
and plot our task, appraise our present public more effectively. Tourists and with our complex situation.

Names of Organizations in me Federation and List of Council Members

CnuBCH or Institution Ministers Lay Delegate Church or Institution Ministers Lay Deleeate
Korean Methodist Church S. Hyun N. K. Ahn St. Clement's Epis. Ch. . .Maitland Woods
Kawaiahao Church . Akaiko Akana J. K. Nakila Church of the Crossroads . .G. R. Weaver
First Methodist Church . . • M. H. Alexander E. C. Smith Fort St. Chinese Church Y. T. Char
3. King St. Japanese M.E. ■ S. Arakawa C. Tajima Fort Ruger Milton O. Beebe
St. Andrews Cathedral . . . • Bishop J. D. La Mothe. 35th Infantry—Schoneld . . J. Knox Bodel
St. Andrews Cathedral . . . • Canon William Ault Schoneld Barracks 0. 1. Clampitt
Kalihi Union Church • A. S. Baker .J. G. B. Cameron Tripler General Hospital . m. D. Merchant
Kaimuki Christian Mis . . •Chris J. Benny 3rd Engineers—Schoneld.. e. L. Spauldlng
Salvation Army •Brig. C. W. Bourne Fort Kamehameha c. Maher
St. Luke's Korean Mis'n. • P. Y. Cho 11th Field Artillery n. A. Jones
Filipino M. B. Church. . . • Victorio Fajardo 21st Infantry—Schoneld . .E. L. Trett
Epiphany Episcopal Oh.. • Elmer S. Freeman Henry A. Taylor 3rd Engineers—Schoneld. • Thorn
Japanese Episcopal Ch. . ■ P. T. Fukao 19th Infantry—Schoneld . •E. A. Huset
Palama Japanese M.E. . . •G. Higa Pearl Harbor •W. B. Williams
Lutheran Church • Arthur Hoermann Y. W. C. A Miss Grace Channon
Nuuanu St. Japnese Ch. . T. Hori Dr. N.Oka Y. w\ C. A Mrs. Walter Frear
Christian Church •W.C.Jones Y. W. C. A Miss Alice Moore
Kaneohe Hawaiian Ch. . . •E. Kahale Central Y. M. C. A Scott Brainard
St. Elizabeth's Episcopal . •J. T. Kieb Nuuanu Y. M. C. A L R Killiam
Korean M. E. Church... • Y. C. Kim T- s- Lee Territorial Y. M. C. A cha8 Loomis
River St. Japanese Ch.. •T. Komuro K- Yasumori Army & Navy Y.M.C.A John A Hamilton
St. Peter's Chinese Epis.. •Y.T.Kong J.Y.T.Zane Army & Navy Y.M.C.A James Taylor
Second Chinese Church . . •Tse Kei Yuen £• *• ^oung Hon. Theological Sem j w Countermine
Filipino Center H. W. Metcalf Hon. Theological Sem L. G. Davis Mrs. L. L. Doane
Bishop Memorial Church. • Edwin T.' Sherman'. '. '. '. '. '.F.rank M,dkllff Anti-Saloon League George H. DeKay
Korean Christian Church ■Chan HoMIn Young K. Kim Methodist Mission w. H. Fry, D.D Miss Louise A. Stixrud
Moiliili Mission •U. Okumura Methodist Mission d. H. Klinefelter Miss Mabel G. Iverson
Makiki Japanese Church. •T. Okumura Methodist Mission Henry Butler Schwartz
Kakaako Mission • Chas. K. Osburn Haw. Board of Missions. .F. S. Scudder Miss Edna J. Hill
St. Andrew's Hawaiian . . • D. Ottman Haw. Board of Missions. .J. p. Erdman Miss Emily Warriner
Central Union Church — • A. W. Palmer Haw. Board of Missions. . Henry P. Judd
Central Union Church A. E. Shattuck Haw. Board of Missions. .Norman C. Schenck. .Theodore Richards
Kalihi-Moanalua Haw'n . W. K. Poai Other Ministers E. M. Pickop
K'aumakapili Haw'n H. K. Poepoe J. K. Woodward Other Ministers T. Harada
Portuguese Evang. Ch... . A. V. Soares Uther Ministers J. L. Hopwood

TEASERS—by N. C. Schenck Honolulu. What chance will they have If it is true, then "forces" become
when they grow up? The Christian farces.
There seems to be an increasing de forces of Honolulu must unite to answer
mand for federation especially on the
that question also the other one that fol
foreign mission field. It is difficult to The World War revealed the marvel
lows it—what chance will Honolulu have
keep the denominational bars up and lous strength that lies in massing the
when they grow up?
even more difficult to show that they are strength of individual units. At present
essential parts of the Christian program. the pressing need is a massed attack
A question—are the Protestant forces
in Honolulu "friendly rivals" now and upon the world forces which imperil
There are approximately 26,000 chil do they "merely lunch together once a human well-being, and denominational-
dren in the public and private schools of month." ism just unll not do.
282 THE FRIEND December, 1923

Trie Honolulu Ministerial Union, Hl\e Forerunner of trie Federation

by Theodore Richards
The Ministerial
Union was formed
early in the 1900's.
Its general purpose
was to unite the
Christian workers of
Honolulu, and others
besides pastors were
included in the num
ber. It had a very
considerable influence
here in the city up to
the time of its disso
lution somewhat pre
ceding the organiza
tion of the present
Inter-Church Federa
tion. For initance, it
always asserted a
strong influence on
legislation and doubt
less the biggest fight
against legalized
prostitution was con
ducted by the Min
isterial Union. At one
time tne president of
the Board of Health,
afterwards Governor
Pinkham, was present
and listened to a
paper by the writer Early Ministers' Association, Forerunner of Inter-church Federation
on conditions at Iwi-
lei, which situation it will be remem ent of the Anti- Saloon League, follow Seated on the left is Rev. J. P. Erd-
bered was upheld by many leading citi ing Dr. Hartley of Los Angeles. man who was at that time conducting
zens and most of the doctors as a neces In front of him stands Rev. W. D. the work at Palama, and with him is
sary thing. Westervelt, still with us. Mr. Coleman, then the secretary of the
The meetings were held Monday Next to him is Rev. O. P. Emerson Y.M.C.A. and now head of the Sunday
mornings from ten to twelve, generally of the famous Emerson family, then School work in Japan. He recently
in the parlors of Central Union Church. secretary of the Hawaiian Board. came through Honolulu.
The picture which appears was taken Back of him is Rev. John Leading-
sometime about 1903. The persons here ham, for many years the head of the
appearing are (from left to right) as North Pacific Missionary Institute for To clasp the hand of God.
follows : the Training of Ministers located on How blind we are, that we see not
Rev. O. H. Gulick, well known ka- Punchbowl Street, the site of which was The solving of the problems
maaina who has recently passed away. recently occupied by the Korean School. That on us prey and press,
He is talking with Rev. Mr. Austin of He is now living in Pasadena. Where'er we stand, in busy mart
Kohala who happened to be in town. Next to him stands Dr. George L. Or midst the throng of unemployed,
Next to him in white is Rev. Mr. Pearson, pastor of the Methodist Church, The word Thou spake
Azbill, a missionary of the Christian who has recently passed away. Two thousand years ago
Church who had much to do with start In white under the window is Dr. If we but believed,
ing a Japanese work on Liliha Street. Kincaid, pastor of the Central Union Would leave no problems
Behind him was an early, perhaps the Church, who has been gone many years. To be solved.
first, chaplain of the Kamehamcha At the end of the line is the venerable O word divine,
Schools, Rev. Silas Terry. Dr. Sereno L. Bishop, for many years So simple, yet so fraught
Standing with him in the corner is editor of The Friend, educator and With all the power of God !
Mrs. J. M. Whitney's brother, Rev. Mr. scientist, a missionary himself and the O Christ Divine, O Man of Nazareth.
Rice, who was the second superintend- son of one of the first missionaries. TEACH US TO LOVE.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 283

Inter-Church and International Unity

The Unity of the Church Whereas the divisions of Christianity and tremendous at the time they
are a scandal that not only is a stum arose, are largely dead issues today, and
by Bishop John D. La Mothe
bling block to the world but the cause that it is largely denominational pride
WHATEVER differences of opinion
of untold weakness, waste and failure. in their traditions, and organization
and practice there may be among
Christianity is not and never has been which keep many of the great Christian
the different branches of the Christian
a failure. The weakness and the inef bodies apart. This is shown by the
Church, there is, I think, no difference
fectiveness of Christianity have all fact that churches, between which there
in belief as to God's purpose for hu
sprung from its pitiful divisions. These is no question of either faith or order,
manity. We believe that He hath made
began in a quarrel between the Bishops who exchange freely both ministry and
of one blood all nations of men to
of Constantinople and Rome over a title, members, yet go on in their separate
dwell on the face of the whole earth
which ended in complete schism and way in rivalry to one another. However,
and that every child of man is a child
separation between the churches in the signs are not wanting, that some of
of God. We believe that it His plan
east and in the west in 1054 A. D. Then the great Protestant bodies are taking
that every child of His should come
came the Reformation, which in Eng very real steps to bring about organic
to know Him and through that knowl
land eventuated in the Church of Rome union. This, it seems to me, is the
edge to enter into the fulness of life.
separating itself from communion with most natural thing for them to do. In
God loved the world so much that He
the Church of England in 1570, and so the meantime I trust we are all looking
made the supreme sacrifice, He gave
the division has gone- on. Most of the forward to, thinking of and praying
up His only begotten Son, and that Son
.English speaking churches that owe for the great Conference on Faith and
came into the world that we might
their origin to the Reformation, are di Order that is to be held in Washington,
have life and have it more abundantly.
rectly or indirectly the result of dissat D. C, in 1925, and which is to be par
By this life He does not mean some
isfaction on the part of groups of ticipated in by all the Christian churches
thing in the future, nor is He thinking
church people over the Reformation of Europe and America, with the possi
of duration, but quality which begins
Settlement in the Church of England. ble exception of the Roman Church.
here and continues yonder and this life This is true of all the larger bodies ex
consists in knowing God—"This is life May I conclude this article by trying
cepting the Methodist Church, which to suggest how we may help along this
eternal, to know Thee, the only true God
had a much later date, originating in a blessed and devoutly to be desired end
and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent." spiritualizing movement in the church
Now this knowledge of God, which , —first, by minimizing our differences
under John Wesley, although it was and magnifying our likenesses—by put
Jesus Christ came to give us, must be never his desire or purpose that the
carried and made known to every child ting out of our hearts suspicions and
Methodists should withdraw from the prejudices—by repudiating all plans and
of God. It was for this purpose that Church of England. So in one way
Christ instituted and organized His purposes which have behind them the
or another, in which all were to blame spirit of rivalry—by prayer and thought
Church. He promised that the gates of the Seamless Robe of Christ has been
Hades should not prevail against it. On and consideration for the whole sub
rent into pieces. Christianity presents ject of reunion, and perhaps, best of
the night before His crucifixion He a divided front to the world, and seems
prayed that it might be bound together all—by getting together in small groups
to have had little regard for the unity to confer and study, that we may learn
in the bands of unity—"That they all for which Christ prayed.
may be one, as Thou Father art in me to understand each other and our dif
and I in thee, that they also might be But thank God we are coming into a ferences.
one in us; that the world may believe new day. Men, everywhere, are ques Dr. Peter Ainslie of Baltimore, than
that thou hast sent me." With a last tioning our senseless divisions — our whom no man is laboring more earnest
direction He gave His Church its denominational rivalries, our unchristian ly for union, says :
work. "Go ye, therefore, and teach all hatreds. As I look back over a minis "Truth has nothing to fear in con
nations baptizing them in the name of try of thirty years, I realize the change ference. Unity is essential to a proper
the Father and of the Son and of the that has taken place in the attitude of interpretation of Christianity. No one
Holy Ghost. Teaching them to observe the Christian bodies toward one an church can interpret the whole truth
all things, whatsoever I have com other. How much closer we have come alone. Christ needs the whole Church
manded you, and lo, I am with you al to one another. How much more kind —Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic,
ways even unto the end of the ages." Anglican, Protestant and all Christians
ly we are than we used to be. How
In response to this command, the who accept Jesus as Lord and Saviour.
much better we know one another. And
Church of Christ has done for this The horizon upon which the whole
world things which are quite beyond isn't it true that the better we know
church looks is studded with in
human computation, but there is not one another the better we understand
terrogation marks. These we must meet
one another? And the better we under
one of us that does not realize that it and answer frankly, if we would ad
has fallen far short in doing what it stand one another the more our differ vance to the fulfilment of the prayer
might have done. Christ prayed that ences and prejudices melt away? of our Lord—that they all may be one,
it might be one so that the world would It is enough to say that the causes in order that the world may believe
believe that God had sent Him. of separation, which seemed so real that Jesus is the Christ."
284 THE FRIEND December, 1923

Inter-Church and World succeed in doing this is to see our hope his death submitted to the Senate of the
of achieving a Christian civilization go United States a proposal that our coun
Peace down before forces more sinister and de try accept membership in the World
by Albert W. Palmer structive than the barbarians that over Court, and,
whelmed Graeco-Roman civilization and Whereas, American entrance into the
THE question of war is squarely be
brought in the seven silent centuries of World Court has been endorsed by such
fore the conscience of the world. If
darkness. organizations as the General Assembly
the church cannot unite in one mighty
The Federal Council of the Churches of the Presbyterian Church, the North
effort to move that conscience forward
of Christ, representing almost all the ern Baptist Convention, the American
to definitely Christian standards of inter
Protestant forces of America, is entering Bar Association, the American Legion,
national morality it will have failed its
upon what it calls "a ten years campaign the general Federation of Women's
Master and the world in what is, so far
for a warless world." Clubs, the National Council of Congre
as we can see, the supreme moral crisis
The program as outlined in its "Creed gational Churches and many other or
of human history.
for Relievers in a Warless World": ganizations, and,
We know what war is and what it Whereas, we believe that America by
does as no other age ever knew. In I. We believe that nations no less than
becoming a member of the World Court
fact we have a new kind of war to deal individuals are subject to God's
will be expressing in concrete way its
with—the by-product of our modern immutable moral laws.
desire to help make reason and justice,
mastery over natural forces.
II. We believe that nations achieve true law and order supreme in the relations
General Mitchell, head of our Ameri welfare, greatness and honor of nations and thus take the next essen
can army aviation service, told a Hono only through just dealing and tial step toward permanent peace,
lulu audience this very Christmas month unselfish service. Therefore, Be It Resolved, That the
of December with naive enthusiasm how
III. We believe that nations that regard Honolulu Inter-Church Federation
aviation had transformed war. He re
heartily endorses American entrance
minded us that aeroplanes could now themselves as Christians have
special international obligations. into the World Court and that a com
drop bombs containing a ton of explo
munication to this effect be sent to the
sives, that aeroplanes were more accur
IV. We believe that the spirit of Chris President, the Secretary of State, and
ate shooters than common or machine
tian brotherliness can remove ev the President of the Senate by our sec
guns, that there were no more frontiers
ery unjust barrier of trade, col retary, and,
or combat areas but that every city
or, creed, and race. Be It Further Resolved, That the sec
would be attacked. This of course
means that those who go to war must V. We believe that Christian patriotism retary communicate with the churches
be prepared to hurl the most awful demands the practice and good of Honolulu requesting each one of
weapons ruthlessly at civilian popula will between nations. them to go on record in this matter and
forward its approval of the Wrorld Court
tions with their women and children
VI. We believe that international poli idea to the above-named officials of our
quite as readily as at formal armies,
cies should secure equal justice government.
and must expect to receive similar at
for all races.
tacks in return.
Moreover, through the power of or VII. We believe that all nations should
associate themselves permanent OUR CHRIST
ganization and credit, modern society
can be so mobilized that war becomes a ly for world peace and good I know not how that Bethlehem's Babe
life and death struggle, casting its hor will. Could in the God-head be;
rible burden of debt and demoralization VIII. We believe in international law, I only know the Manger Child
upon generations yet unborn. War is and in the universal use of inter Has brought God's life to me.
not only more awful but its effects last national courts of justice and
longer and reach deeper down in the boards of arbitration. I know not how that Calvary's cross
heart of civilization. War means fam A world from sin could free;
ine, economic break-down, destructive IX. We believe in a sweeping reduction I only know its matchless love
revolution, chaos. of armaments by all nations. Has brought God's love to me.
And the world is surely headed for X. We believe in a warless world, and
more war unless there can be a moral I know not how that Joseph's tomb
dedicate ourselves to its achieve
and spiritual awakening, nation-wide and Could solve death's mystery ;
ment. I only know a living Christ-
world-wide, which shall rise up and say
to governments and rulers, to war de Just now the forward step toward a Our immortality.
partments and state departments, an warless world is the securing of Amer Henry W. Farrington.
overwhelming and tremendous "NO!" ica's entrance into the World Court. This
and unite in one mighty movement is now before the Senate and should be
to so awaken the conscience of the world actively supported by all churches and There are twenty-nine denominational
that war shall follow dueling, blood re individual Christians along the lines of bodies in the Federal council of the
venge, polygamy and slavery into the the following resolutions adopted by our churches of Christ in America. The
alxnle of out-grown, out-lawed and uni own Honolulu Inter-Church Federation: Honolulu Inter-Church Federation is af
versally repudiated iniquities? Not to Whereas, President Harding before filiated with this organization.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 285

A Practical Experiment formerly held. The Sunday Schools signed. Especially, is this true in
have joined forces, and in place of two cases where the entering mission has
in Church Cooperation small schools meeting eacli week, we influential members living in the terri
F. N. Cockroft now have a large and enthusiastic one tory. Until recently, in Japan, at least,
Missionary for West Maui with five teachers engaged in giving it has been so difficult to obtain a foot
the instruction.
MANY deeply earnest men and wo hold in new fields, that the moving in
The writer appreciates the privilege
men in the Congregational and of an influential member of his church
of a wider influence in the community
Episcopal churches had looked for through this plan of cooperation, be into any field, has been taken as a pro
ward hopefully to the benefits which ing also deeply conscious of the added vidential call by the neighboring Japa
were expected to be derived from the responsibility. nese evangelist to begin work there.
Concordat, and it was a keen disap An effective division of territory can
pointment to them not long ago when only be accomplished by a church fed
a prominent minister of the Congrega How Church Federation in eration strong enough to compel obedi
tional Church, who had offered himself Foreign Lands Points the ence to its decisions. Arbitration courts
for Episcopal ordination, was refused are worth nothing unless they can
by the Bishop of Connecticut, because the Way for Work in Hawaii carry their decisions into effect. There
latter's hands were tied with the techni Henry Butler Schwartz are in every country certain centers to
cal difficulties which stood in the way, which no mission should be denied ac
and which the last general convention 1. One of the most useful forms of cess. This is too evident to need much
of the Episcopal Church had failed to Federated or Associated work in foreign explanation or illustration. Tokyo is
missions is the Field Survey, which can such a center in Japan. Honolulu and,
remove.
hardly be made in any efficient way ex possibly, Hilo, are such in Hawaii.
The two above-named churches in
Lahaina, however, have not waited for cept by the complete co-operation of 3. The most successful of all fields
the ratifying of a Concordat to solve everybody occupying the territory. We for federation is the work of education.
their problem, but have entered upon are all too content to work in our own There is no such thing as Presbyterian
a somewhat unusual plan of coopera little corners, forgetful of the larger geometry, or Baptist geography, and
tion, in that one minister is serving areas beyond. The Field Survey would there are no Methodist or Episcopalean
two congregations. shock us out of our self-complacency and schools of thought in economics or phy-
The writer has been engaged as a show us exactly how much there is to be chology.
missionary of the Episcopal church at clone, and just what are the forces The high cost of modern education
Lahaina for almost nine years, and dur which can be counted on for its accom almost demands union in college and
ing this time it has been one of his plishment. A survey of this kind, ap university work. Where, as in China,
pleasures as well as a privilege in this plied to any field will reveal some Christian missions are pioneering the
little place, to be associated in a friendly startling facts, both of success and way in education, that very fact has
manner with the haole ministers of the failure and will create a basis for suc made co-operation or federation im
Congregational Church residing here. perative. If mission schools are to be
cessful appeals for men and money.
There was Rev. W. B. Cole, who
went away to become pastor of Kalihi 2. The logical result of the survey is models for State education, now and
the assignment of fields and the limi in the future, they must be better than
Union Church, Honolulu; Rev. W. A.
Tate, now residing at Sierra Madre, tation of overlapping on the one hand, any one mission can maintain, and if
California; and latterly, Rev. A. H. and the elimination of neglect and re- misson schools are necessary at all in
Gates, who is now engaged in mission legious destitution on the other. Here a country like Japan or like Hawaii
ary work at Kealakekua, Hawaii. we reach a stage where mere voluntary for that matter, where public education
It is Mr. Gates to whom we are in association will not carry us very far. is being successfully and universally
debted for our present cooperative plan, On the mission field I have seldom carried on, they must be as good in all
for it seemed to him that one man known a voluntary local agreement as points as the best the State has, and
could do quite effectively the work to limitation of fields to stand long. better in those particulars the existence
that was occupying the time of two. Local missionaries may favor it, but of which justify their existence.
Some time before leaving here for Ha
they change, and are subject to the
waii, he therefore made his views known
to the Hawaiian Board, and the Maui authority of their home boards, and It is no small contribution to the life
Aid Association, with the result that the native Christians often clamor loudly of our city which the Federation is mak
Hawaiian Evangelical Association has that their church should be represented ing by its effort to fill Christmas eve
entrusted its white congregation here in every part of the territory. Further, with the spirit of reverence instead of
to the writer's pastoral care, and he is the assignment and exclusive occupation revelry. There is also the Easter Sun
giving them a service, after the Congre of fields to be binding, must like a rise Service on Punchbowl which the
gational form, every two weeks on blockade in war time, be effective. It is Federation conducts. These two efforts
Sunday evening. This service is held too much to ask a mission to keep out are building up unique and important
in the Episcopal Church instead of the of a field, which is not being developed customs which effect the whole city.
kindergarten, where the services were by the mission to which it lias been as- —N. C. S.
286 THE FRIEND December, 1923

The Moral and Religious Responsibility in Inter-Racial Transplanting

educational activities." "The greater population. Christianization or non-
Korean part of her work, however, includes per Christianization, therefore, depends
Racial and Inter-racial religious work sonal service of many kinds which often largely on its success or failure with the
is being carried on in Honolulu by the takes on unique phases." "She is called Japanese. Religious responsibility for
various churches and by the Y.W.C.A. upon in any and every need, even of them demands our most serious atten
and the Y.M.C.A. ficiating at births, assisting at marriages tion, for Americanization without Chris
The Episcopal Church, the Hawaiian and arranging funerals. All through tian spirit is but "sounding brass or a
Board and the Methodist Mission are her work runs the constant effort for clanging cymbal."
all increasingly active in inter-racial re- raising the standard of home and com- The Japanese who flocked to these
islands in large numbers in early years
were imported as laborers of sugar
plantations from rural communities in
Japan. They have been located in an
unfavorable circumstance in regard to
moral influence. They were grouped by
themselves and having no knowledge of
English language they have not associat
ed themselves with English-speaking
people. Naturally, most of them have
kept up the social and religious customs
of their own country. Their mental at
titude of their old Japanese home has
been maintained to a remarkable degree.
Moreover, Buddhism and Shintoism, the
faiths of by far a large majority of the
Japanese, furnish not a few obstacles
for their association not to say as
similation, with the rest of the popula
tion, which is predominately Christian.
Christianization of the Japanese is
urgent not only for their sake, for their
individual salvation, but for the safety
and welfare of the community. Out of
twelve thousand Japanese nearly a half
"THAT THEY MAY ALL BE ONE" of that number are Hawaiian-born and
Picture of Christmas Party in yard of International Institute (Y. W. C. A.) show
ing Buddhist Temple and Priests' house as next-door neighbors. citizens of the United States. There is
no doubt that they are going to form a
ligious work and they are to some ex munity life and for bringing the women strong political and social factor in not
tent co-operative. to understand how their own customs a distant future. No effort, therefore,
Under the title "The Moral and Re and characteristics may be adapted to should be spared in Americanization,
ligious Responsibility in Racial Trans the country of their choice." spiritual as well as political, of those
planting," Professor Harada has pre "There are occasions when this large
young citizens of Oriental descent.
sented an article from the Japanese mass or group may be handled success
ten from the Chinese. Miss Marion fully and profitably but the most ef For the second generation of the Jap
Rlackwell of the International Insti ficient work is individual. Directly per anese the public school is no doubt a
tute has given us this brief descrip sonal and spiritual was Jesus' most ef prominent factor for their moral and in
tion of the Korean working in our city fective method and it is equally true to tellectual improvement. The schools are
as carried on by that important branch day here in Hawaii." trying to bring them up as loyal and
of the Y.W.C.A. "In our effort to help efficient citizens, and the Japanese youth
each nationality through the services of thus brought up are, as a rule, as loyal
one at least conversant with its lan Japane se Americans as the youth of any other
guage and customs, we are most fortun Prof. Harada race. It is difficult to find any differ
ate in having secured for our Korean University of Hawaii ence whatever between the youths of
people Miss Ha Soo Whang, one of The first and greatest reason for our different ancestors except as to the color
their own race and a graduate of an responsibility comes from the fact that of their skin. The intermingling of the
American College. For the past four the Japanese are numerically the pre various races in such a harmonious re
years Miss Whang has carried on among dominant race in the territory, being lation is a most remarkable phenomenon
her country women our usual social and more than forty percent of the whole in the Mid-Pacific territory.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 2S?

Chinese 1. "If I do good for others and fol 12. "I have no time to think on
low my conscience, then what need is such matters."
Prof. Shao Chang Lcc there to become a Christian?" 13. "I am not good enough to be a
TT^OR the past few decades Christian- 2. "All religions teach men to be Christian."
*• ity has done much for the Chinese good. If one wishes to be good, it is
not necessary to become a Christian." 14. "I'd like to be a Christian but
people in China. It has healed many I am afraid I will be laughed at by my
of the sick and rescued many out of 3. "There are so many things in the friends and scolded by my relatives."
darkness. It has enlightened many who Bible which a man with some scientific
training can hardly accept as true." It is worth our while to know what
have been destitute of knowledge. It the Chinese are thinking concerning the
has uplifted and blessed the Chinese 4. "Why should I become a Chris
tian seeing that Christians are not bet religion which we would like them to
childhood and womanhood. It has embrace and to find out the ways and
ter than non-Christians?"
awakened the intellectual class to the
5. "Christianity cannot vitalize men. means by which we can assist them in
realization of the social, moral, educa
It is man who vitalizes Christianity." getting a better and clearer under
tional and recreational needs of their
6. "Why is it that the Roman his standing of their relationship to the
fellowmen. It has aroused their na
torians never mentioned Christ and His Maker, to His Son, and to their fellow-
tional consciousness. men. Their intellectual doubts must be
work?"
For all these and other benefits which removed and their spiritual hunger must
7. "You Christians have not settled
Christianity has given, the Chinese are be satisfied. Once they are converted
the question in regards to the interpre
deeply grateful. As an expression of tation of the Bible?" they become loyal workers in the King
their appreciation they give quite gen dom of God. But how few have been
8. "We have religions of our own "
erously to such institutions as the Can truly converted !
9. "Christianity cannot stop war. In
ton Christian College, the Young Men's
fact Christian nations always fight
Christian Association, and other Chris-
against each other." I have done one braver thing
tion educational agencies.
10. "Yes, God is love, if one loves Than all the worthies did ;
Here in Hawaii, Christianity has also And yet a braver thence doth spring,—
oneself and others."
done and is continuously doing a great Which is, to keep that hid.
11. "I know not God. I can't believe
work among the Chinese. Missions and
there is one." John Donne.
schools have been established for their
social and spiritual welfare. Much
money is spent every year to maintain
these splendid institutions. Because of
the existence of these institutions it has
been made possible for many who had
humble beginnings to rise and enjoy
a happy career. Many successful busi
nessmen in the territory testify that they
owe their early education and training
to such institutions and to their Chris
tian benefactors.
In China, out of the estimated four
hundred million Chinese people, only
half a million have embraced the Pro
testant Christianity. In Hawaii, only
ten per cent of the total Chinese popu
lation has accepted Christ as their
Saviour.
Why is it that the Chinese in China
or in Hawaii are so slow in accepting
or so indifferent toward the religion
which has done so much for the social,
intellectual and spiritual betterment of
their race? Why are they so "stiff-
necked" in their attitude toward Chris
tian truth?
Here are some of the excuses which
the writer has gathered in his personal
work among his fellow countrymen of Where a church desires to organize its intermediate girls into group work the Y. W.
C. A. offers its strong teenage program, known as the Girls' Reserve, and offers the
all walks of life: cooperation of trained secretaries in this program. See article page 291.
 THE FRIEND December, 1923

Inter-Racial Fellowship in Not finding on Sunday the much

heralded inter-racial life of Honolulu,
INTER-CHURCH FEDERATION
EDITION OF THE FRIEND
Hawaii
our visitor goes the rounds of the clubs
Committee in Charge By CHARLES LOOMIS during the week. He finds that the
Edwin T. Sherman, Chairman Territorial Secretary Y.M.C.A. Ha61e Rotary Club, the Haole Univer
Elmer S. Freeman sity Club and the Haole Chamber of
Theodore Richards We hear much talk about Hawaii's Commerce have their prototypes in the
being the melting-pot of races, and oriental community.
TABLE OF CONTENTS we ourselves are proud of our reputa
page Still searching for the melting pot in
I. Inter-church Services: tion. When a distinguished visitor ar
1. Community Christmas rives we stage a "12-12-12" dinner which all have part he turns to the
Tree and Service 277 where twelve Americans, twelve Japan public schools. At the first, fifteen hun
Mary Dillingham Frear dred romping children of almost every
ese and twelve Chinese talk of interna
2. Thanksgiving Service 277
Dr. A. C. Alexander tional and inter-racial good will. The conceivable nationality testify at least
3. Easter Sunrise Service ... 278 visitor is thrilled at their messages, but to the fact that these little ones have
Mary Dillingham Frear little does he realize how the host has caught the American spirit of play—
II. Inter-church Federation had to make as eleventh hour search to Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Hawaiians,
History: complete his groups; practically the
1. Inter-Church Federation Portuguese, Russians, Porto Ricans ; but
Today 279 same twelve Americans, the same twelve
a surprising lack of white children of
Scott Brainard Japanese, and the same twelve Chinese
American parentage. Who is it? The
2. Inter-church Federation represent their respective communities
During 1923 280 principal answers, "Not many live in
at all such dinners.
Edwin T. Sherman this neighborhood, and those who do
3. Organizations and Per Our guest wishes to visit the churches
sonnel 281 attend private schools."
to witness there the intermingling of
N. C. Schenck From grade school to High School
the races. But what does he find? At
4. The Forerunner of the
lnter-church Federation . . 282 the Episcopal Cathedral the white and on to the University our visitor con
Theodore Richards people are pouring into the church pro tinues his tour finding everywhere good
5. Teasers 281 per and the Japanese and Chinese into will but not that spirit of fellowship of
N. C. Schenck.
different buildings each for their separ the white people with others that he had
III. Inter-church and Interna ate services. Some one tells him that
tional Unity: anticipated before his arrival in the
1. The Unity of the Church. 283 the Hawaiians have worshipped in the Islands.
Bishop J. D. La Mothe Cathedral at an earlier hour. Surely
2. Inter-church Federation here is no inter-racial gathering for Are his conclusions discouraging?
and World Peace 284 Does he feel disillusioned by not finding
common communion. At Central Union
Dr. Albert W. Palmer what wide-spread reports had led him
3. A Practical Experiment in Church across the way he finds several
to expect? Where whites are gathered,
Church Co-operation in rows of Oriental children in front—
Hawaii 285 there one finds few Orientals, and where
these are pupils of one of the Christian
F. N. Cockroft Orientals are gathered there are few
boarding schools. Scattered throughout
4. Inter-church Co-operation whites. He tells us however that every
in Foreign Lands 285 the church are, here a Hawaiian school
Dr. H. B. Schwartz principal, there a Japanese professor and where he is amazed at the contentment
of all the races; no feeling of antagon
IV. The Moral and Religious a few Chinese business men, but this is
Responsibility in Inter- ism, no sense of oppression is apparent.
all. True, Central Union has its mis
Racial Transplanting: sionary affiliations which take care of And he is right.
1. Korean 286
the "other" races but these races are not It looks to the visitor as though the
2. Japanese 286
Prof. Harada part and parcel of the church. white people and the oriental people are
3. Chinese 287 not mingling to any great extent on
Now we go to the Church of the
Prof. Lee terms of familiarity in their religious
4. Inter-racial Fellowship... 288 Cross Roads where a significant experi
and social life. Is it that we claim too
Charles Loomis ment is being carried on throwing to
much or our guest expectations are too
V. Inter-church Religious gether English speaking young people
great. Are we not at the starting point,
Education: of all nationalities in a church knowing
1. Week-day Religious Edu rather than the culmination of the spirit
cation in Hawaii 289 no race distinction. A most encourag of brotherhood which Christ teaches us.
A. E. Shattuck ing group of students is conducting a The race feeling is so deeply imbedded
2. Community Training worshipful service under the ministry of in our natures that it will take genera
School 290
Edna J. Hill an earnest young preacher. Inquiry tions to root it out. Those who know-
shows the few white people who form a can tell our visitor that a deep and
VI. Inter-church Auxiliaries
1. Relation Between the Y. part of the congregation to be Sunday fundamental start has been made. Up
W. C. A. and the Churches 291 School teachers, missionaries and Y. M. ward progress is slow though steady.
Grace Channon C. A. secretaries who have cast their lot The roots of fellowship are pushing
2. Relation of the Y. M. C. A.
and the Churches 291 with the new enterprise because of deeper into the soil of our human re
Lloyd Killam genuine interest in helping the experi lationships and planting themselves
ment succeed. there at the heart of things.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 289

Inter-Church Religious Education

Inter-Church Religious
Education
A. E. Shattuck
Religious Educational Director Central
Union Church
"The youth of the world are point
ing the way to the new day which
statesmen have failed to bring to pass.
A larger friendship, a new internation
alism is appearing." To every person
concerned with the place of education in
the progress of human civilization these
words from that remarkable recent book,
"The Revolt of Youth," by Stanley
High, are pregnant with meaning. Were
the youth of the world in the Great War
made to believe themselves fighting for
a new world order of international
brotherhood, justice and peace? Today
they know them have been betrayed by
subsequent peace conferences and old-
time masked councils of secret diplo
macy. In England, in Germany, in
New McKinley High School Building—1800 Students Open to Our Approach on Week- Day
Vienna, in France, in India, in China, Religious Education Program
and in Latin America—youth is in re
volt against the old order of statecraft tian background. Here we have mixed they are not fitted to meet this need and
now setting the stage for another world race groups—all born Americans yet they are prevented from any approach
war; over the world, youth is seeking utter strangers to the Christian moral to it by our nation's constitutional pro
freedom from this deadly past and a and spiritual foundations that underlie vision for separation of church and
share in the building of a new world American national ideals. How shall state.
order. these young people be fitted to share in It is to meet this great educational
What has this to do with education the progress of American civilization in need that the Inter-church Federation of
in Hawaii? Let these words taken from these islands and in the affairs of man
Honolulu seeks to promote Week-Day
the last chapter in Stanley High's book kind throughout the world? Proficiency
Religious Education in our city. The
be the answer. "It is an obvious fact in mathematics, knowledge of modern
science, excellence in industrial voca plan is to start the work in connection
that from among the youth of the
tional training and acquaintance with with the students of the three upper
world, especially from among the stu
dent youth, there must come whatever literature and art will not do this. Those classes of McKinley High School.
leadership will be found to bring about best acquainted with the plight of Classes will be conducted off the school
industrial and political, social and re Europe today and with the world's premises. Teachers especially equipped
ligious world-rebuilding. ... To judge social, political and economic needs de for this work will be engaged and paid
from the lack of constructive progress clare that only the acceptance and ap from a fund provided by the Church
of the last few years the problems of plication of the spirit and ideals of Jesus Federation. The standard of work done
reconstruction will be left, largely on can save the best in western civilization
will be kept up to the best educational
the hands of present-day youth when from destruction and assure the pro
level of the high school. The courses
they attain to their responsible majority. gress of the human race.
of study will be offered only to those
When, therefore, youth succeeds to the The supreme educational need of our
pupils desiring them.
direction of mankind's affairs, just what youth in Honolulu—and throughout Ha
are the general principles which will waii is a training in the knowledge of The brief time allowed for securing a
dominate that leadership in industry and Christian ideals and the way of their properly equipped person as supervisor
in politics, in social and religious mat application to the concrete problems of of this week-day religious education
ters? The significance of that question modern life. This means a knowledge project, when funds were provided early
for us in Hawaii looms clearly when of the Bible as a record of the unfolding last summer, made it unwise to begin
we view the 1,800 students at McKinley of Christian standards and a study of work this fall. It is planned to secure
High School in Honolulu, for example, how Christian principles work in life. a splendidly trained man of experience
and consider that at least 60% -70% of Obviously, however excellent the edu to inaugurate this undertaking in Sep
them come out of homes of non-Chris- cational training of our public schools, tember of 1924.
290 THE FRIEND December, 1923

The Community Training practice work constitute the bulk of the

work in these courses.
School 3. Professional and General Courses.
Miss Edna Hill These courses include a study of Psy
Director Sunday School Work Hawaiian chology, Pedagogy, etc., and cover the
Board entire range of Knowledge, Skill and
It is increasing evident that we cannot Theory. In electing six courses for gra
maintain a Christian Democracy unless duation, students are advised to select
we maintain a system of Church Schools ; three knowledge courses, two methods
also, that no system of schools, secular courses and one theory course.
or religious can grow without trained
leaders and teachers. More and more, Our Community Training School
secular education is demanding higher
In the fall of 1921, such a school was
standards and ideals and to meet the de
opened in Honolulu, meeting in the
mand of the times the Church must de-
Y.W.C.A. building, and had about
velope a body of professionally trained
religious educators who will give scien twenty-five regular students, fifteen of
tific leadership to the work of Religious that number taking the examinations and
Education in local churches and in com receiving credits. The second year the
munity-wide programs of religious edu school had sixty registered and twenty
cation. Teachers must not blindly bor received credits and the third year,
row theories and methods from the twenty were registered and fifteen re
public school education, for many griev Miss LEONIDA TRANQUADE ceived credits. Courses have been of
ous errors have been the result of this of the Portuguese Evangelical Church fered in Old Testament History, The
method. The religious educator must has made the highest possible credits in
"Our Community Training School" Prophets, Life of Christ, S. S. Organ
know the last word in the methods of 96 hours ization, Methods (Lesson Preparation),
secular education for they are funda Methods (Adolescence), Story Telling.
mental, but he must add to this, the ard schools. The course requires time Child Psychology, History and Prin
larger and more inclusive field of re and work, but it makes trained teachers. ciples of Religious Education. One
ligious education, which deals with a Teacher Training a Business pupil, Miss Leonida Tranquada of the
unified life; hence the necessity of the Portuguese Evangelical Church, has
church school giving the best that is pos Teacher training is a serious business,
made the highest possible credits, 96
sible from schools, laboratories, and re for upon it depends the future of the
Church. A Community Training School hours.
search facilities, which will enable the
has some great advantages over ordin How the School Is Managed
religious educator to do better work.
ary training classes. It has the advan
The time has come when officers and tage of numbers and of better teaching. The S.S. Union of the City and
teachers of the Church School must have It promotes fellowship^we need to County of Honolulu has had charge of
a thorough training in his or her special know each other. The exchange of ideas the School, except the first year when a
work. is invaluable and the sense of unity is Director was hired by a Board of Man
The Community Training School most inspiring. It makes an impression agers but since that time the officers of
on the community. A large thing al the Union have been the officers of the
The Community Training School is a ways does.
School. The Faculty have all given their
high grade night school of religious
The Purpose of the Course service freely, Dean Lloyd G. Davis
Education. It attempts to do for the
of the Honolulu Theological Seminary,
training of religious education teachers, The training of teachers of all schools
requires three things, namely: First, having taught every semester of the
what the Normal schools do for secular
knowledge ; second, skill, and third, school. Last Fall, the Union asked the
teachers. The curriculum of such a
theory. The emphasis is always on Federation of Churches to assume the
school covers all phases of the education
knowledge and skill. Three courses are responsibility and duties of caring for
work of the local church and commun
offered : the school and from now on, it will be
ity. All courses offered will contribute
1. Biblical. under the management of a Committee
to a community-wide program of Re
This course gives a knowledge of the from the Federation with Mr. Scott
ligious Education. All the instruction
text book of the Church School, as well Brainard as chairman.
will give common conceptions and unity
of purpose, so that an adequate system as acquaintance with the tools and the Plans are underway to enlarge the
of religious education may be establish methods of Biblical Study. The teach scope of the school ; to enthuse more stu
ed. The pupils of this school are ex er must know the BIBLE. dents to enroll and to enlist the co
pected to work, regular lessons are as 2. Departmental Courses. operation of every pastor and S.S.
signed and students recite and pass ex These courses stress skill and ex Superintendent in the City and County
aminations just as they do in all stand- emplify methods. Model lessons and of Honolulu.
December, 1923 THE FRIEND 291

Inter-Church Auxiliaries
The Relation Between the church ; to train young men already often, both in the city and rural work
Christians in service ; to give Christian the Association leaders have had the
Y. W. C. A. and the young men and all other young men and feeling, whether it is justified or not,
Churches boys an opportunity to develop their that the church leaders have felt that
By Grace Channon abilities that they may live more abun their own forces were entirely adequate
THOSE people who have followed the dant lives. In so far as the Association and that the Association was transgress
history of the Young Women's is able to live up to this high ideal, the ing in attempting to carry on Christian
Christian Association know that the relationship between it and its parent, work for men and boys. Anyone in
fundamental relationship and affiliation the church, is very clear to all who are close touch with the young life of Ha
of the Y. W. C. A. is with the Christian interested. It seems unnecessary in a waii or of any other part of the world
Church. brief article to state that by origin, his realizes that there is need for more
Fifteen years ago Dr. William Horace tory, profession and major sources of Christian work and not less. There is
Day, the minister of the First Congre support the Association is indissolubly room for all, but there is great need for
gational Church of Los Angeles was a part of the church. coordination of the forces. The work
the first pastor to post a tablet in the which the Association does in connec
Due to the industrial revolution which
lobby, "The institutional work of this tion with schools like the University
brought great numbers to the cities and
church is carried on by the Y. M. C. A. crowded the churches out to the suburbs and High Schools is a part of their con
and Y. W. C. A.," though his example the Association was raised up to meet a tribution to the upbuilding of the Chris
has been widely copied. tian kingdom. They believe this work
need in the center of the city for young
In modern terminology, "Broadcast could be much more effective if it were
men and boys.
ing the Christian Church" is a slogan more definitely considered a part of the
The past few years have seen a new
the Y.W.C.A. sometimes desires to work of the church by the church lead
awakening on the part of the Associa
claim, since through the varied sides ers themselves.
tion leaders to the rich, spiritual possib
of its field of work touching the girl in
ilities of their varied programs. They
her home, her school, her work, her
have come to a new realization that
play, it has just that opportunity.
without the application at every point of
In Hawaii the task is a large one. Jim Henry Says:
the dynamic released through prayer,
Here the adventurous young American
Bible study, evangelism and service in A man Is Just as particular
business girl gains her first contact with
the spirit of Christ, these possibilities about the talcum he uses as
other faiths, and helping her to under is the most fastidious woman.
cannot be realized. The Association
stand why Christianity stands first to
leaders frequently feel that they are in It must be cooling and re
us, is our frequent task. A course on
contact with a great spiritual opportun freshing, faint of scent, and
comparative religions under wise, sane
ity and that the churches do not fully of a neutral color so that it
leadership is a constant need. For the does not show on the face
see this opportunity and take advantage
girl from the foreign home making the after shaving.
of it by sending into the Association
trying adjustment in customs and lan
many of their spiritually minded men to
guage, there is need after friendship has Mennen Talcum for Men
assist in the reaping of the harvest for
been established for individual talks
Christ and His Church. is genuinely masculine in
which shall help her to understand many every detail.
things. Too often she cannot follow A Young Men's Christian Association
through a sermon in her own church, has been described as a place where
and many times she is called 'haole' if Christian young men may go to meet American Factors, LtcL
she goes to hear English preaching. In other Christian young men and where
dividual talks which help girls to find Christian young men may take their non-
where they stand in their thinking and Christian friends to bring them under the
THIS BANK IS
why corporate worship is best; why influence of Christ. This same statement, INTERESTED IN YOU
working within the church instead of of course, applies to a church, but to It Is built on the foundation of
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without is necessary—these are things the extent which the church leaders it as a friend, to come to it with
to which many secretaries are committed make it true of the Association this or your problems and ask its advice.
in the daily program of the Y. W. C. A. ganization will be an effective force in Often it can help you in the affairs
of life.
the building up of the Kingdom. You need have no hesitation about
consulting the officers of this bank.
The Relation of the Church The leaders of the Association feel It places you under no obligation.
to Young Men's Christian themselves called of God to serve the They are interested in you and glad
church through work for young men to help you. Let this bank be your
Association and boys. They have hoped that the
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men to Christ and membership in the of the complete Christian program. Too Total Assets Over $16,900,000
 292 THE FRIEND December, 1923

Chief Justice Taft said recently, "Were

a client of great wealth to ask my advice
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 THE FRIEND
Enroute to the Orient in company with E. E. Barnett, na
tional Y. M. C. A. student-secretary, Fletcher S. Brockman, asso
ciate general secretary of the International Committee, made the
following significant comments during his brief stay in Honolulu:

"For a quarter of a century I have been a citizen of the Pacific. I un

derstand something of the work and civilization of the Orient, but I did not
for many years know what a great factor the Orientals are in the world.
"You in Honolulu are in a position to realize the emergence of the Pacific
into its new civilization.
"Hawaii is in the position of an experiment station—for the world. You
have your difficulties here, and I congratulate you upon them, for they
are going to make you discover the solution."

The Washington Conference touched the heads of

fhe nations, but it was the earthquake
that touched the hearts."
From the winning essay in the 1924 Friend Peace Scholarship Contest. In acknowl
edging the award of first prize, Miss Kazuko Higuchi, of Hilo High School, writes: "It may
be of interest to you that I was named Kazuko (peace child) , being born as an American
of Japanese parentage, with the hope of making me a part of the bridge between the two
countries."

HONOLULU FEBRUARY, 1924 HAWAII

 January, 1924
THE FRIEND
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The von Hamm-Young Co, Ltd. I It is built on the foundation ot
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Often it can help you in the affairs
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV HONOLULU, HAWAII, FEBRUARY, 1924 No. 2

Number of men, women and chil

dren annually possible of ad
Secretary Hugkes and Immigration mission into the United State
if quota is 2% of 1980 census 40
By Frank E. Midriff But the first and greatest problem
between the United States and Japan
nr HERE is no question that the This would seem to be a most for would really seem to be a moral one—
A United States is well within its tunate revision of our immigration laws. that of establishing a spirit of good will
legal right when it enacts laws regulat Such a provision would be absolutely between the two countries or races, in
ing immigration. If it is found that we non-discriminatory in word or phrase. place of the existing state of irritation
have too many immigrants, with their In actual population effect it would not and distrust. After years of experience
attendant problems of high reproduc amount to anything, as will be seen by Secretary Hughes believes the elimina
tion and low standards of living, inten the following figures, but it would re tion of the Japanese exclusion feature of
sive cultivation and extensive penetra move an insinuating discrimination. our immigration law and the substitu
tion, exclusive segregation and inclusive tion of the "2% on 1890 census for all
Approximate number of Japanese
operation—then it is quite within the men and women in California nationalities will go far toward a fair
state's moral as well as constitutional in 1922 75,000 understanding and goodwill between
rights to enact statutes controlling the Approximate number of American
born children of Japanese par the two countries." Why not try Secre
situation. And there is ample precedent ents in California in 1922 20,000 tary Hughes' plan ?
in all important lands for this pro
cedure.
But laws restricting immigration are
fraught with danger. They must be
most carefully drawn or the sensitive
nite Bok Peace PI an
By Albert W Palmer, D. D.
international relation is strained and the
jealously guarded honor of the nations /^\XCE more the people and the poli- be a desperate effort to discredit him
affected by exclusion features of the ^~S ticians of America are summoned and thereby prevent wide spread accept
law is thought to be tarnished. This to judgment ! The Bok Peace Plan, ance of the plan which bears his name.
is particularly true where one race is chosen by a notable and competent jury If so reasonable, moderate and con
singled out for exclusion and where headed by Elihu Root our greatest ciliatory a proposal as this Bok Peace
reasons stated for the act are found in diplomat, has been presented to the Plan is rejected by America out of
the alleged undesirability if not indeed country for its approval or rejection. stupid self-satisfaction or blind preju
alleged inferiority of the race. The plan provides for American par dice and if such a rejection is helped
The Japanese exclusion act. our so- ticipation in the orderly discussion and and stimulated by the partisan politi
called "Gentlemen's Agreement" with settlement of world problems with safe cians as a chance to get "one more
Japan has been a notoriously unsatisfac guards and reservations which would swat at Wilson," then it may take an
tory international instrument. It was seem adequate to protect us from any other war and its resulting world-wide
aimed at solving a more or less local possible dangers of entanglement with panic and economic disintegration to
situation but its operation has proved or domination by other nations. awaken us from our selfishness and
to be of very wide influence indeed, The reception which this plan re stupidity. The present lulling and soul-
involving not merely localities but two ceives will pretty clearly reveal two deadening prosperity, which is appar
very important nations as a whole. The things : ently making America deaf to the cries
enactment was myopic and there have 1. Are the American people hope of the rest of the world, cannot endure
been endless and continuous adjustments lessly and selfishly provincial, or have forever. The president of a local bank
and apologies and misunderstandings on they a world consciousness? said recently that America is headed
account of this "Gentlemen's Agree 2. Are our political leaders capable for the worst financial depression in
ment." of broad statesmanlike dealing with its history unless we do our part speed
No one has been closer to the grave world problems or will they continue to ily to help the rest of the world get on
international aspects of the situation use them for blindly selfish political its feet economically. It may take that
than has our Secretary of State, Mr. purposes ? Already the word seems to or more to shake us out of our stupid
Hughes. Secretary Hughes, in a master have gone out among the more servile self-satisfaction and aloofness from the
stroke of statesmanship, has proposed to and partisan type of politician and rest of the world.
use the 1890 census as the basis of im newspaper to knock the Bok peace plan Just now the death of President Wil
migration allowance and allow as im or condemn it with faint praise. son ought to serve to bring men to
migrants two per cent of the national The summoning of Mr. Bok before their senses. Both Wilson and Hard
ities residing in our country in 1890— a Senate committee, as though he were ing are martyrs to the same idea in
excluding no nation. trying to corrupt the nation, seems to different forms—the idea of America's
28 THE FRIEND February, 1924

sharing in the fellowship of nations. force originally implied in Articles N the Treaty of Versailles except by Act
The proposed Bok plan provides, in and XVI. of Congress.
outline, for immediate membership in (b) Safeguard the Monroe Doctrine. ^ ProPose *hat membership in the
the World Court as advocated by Presi League should be opened to all nations.
dents Harding and Coolidge ; coopera (c) Accept the fact that the United (e) Provide for the continuing devel-
tion with the League of Nations, with States will assume no obligations under opment of International Law.
out membership as at present consti
tuted ; no obligation to intervene in in
This is the standard coupon for voting. Will you not clip and mail ?
ternal affairs of foreign states; preser Do you approve of the plan in substance? Yes ; No
vation of the Monroe doctrine and of
purely American questions from for X. line
eign dictation ; no obligation to use Address
force, except on authorization by Con
gress ; provision for codification of in City State.
ternational law and opening the League Are vou a voter?.
of Nations to all self-governing states. (Put an X in proper space)
Its practical wisdom lies in the fol
Cut out and mail to The American Peace Award, 342 Madison Ave..
lowing points : New York City.
It proposes adherence to the World Note : Those interested in expressing fuller opinions are cordially urged
Court—the obvious next step in inter to send them, on a separate sheet.
national organization.
It recognizes the League of Nations
as a going concern. Whatever kind of
a league of nations may be ultimately
desirable, will it not be most likely to A Strategic Frontier
;ome by changing and adapting this one
By Dana W. Bartlett
rather than by seeking to erase this one
Dr. Bartlett has been characterized in the public press as "philosopher, author,
completely and start over from the preacher, poet, artist and idealist," but Hawaii is learning to know him best as a sym
foundation ? pathetic neighbor who has come from Los Angeles with a message of love for all human
On the other hand, the plan care ity and an abounding faith in the ultimate achievement of Christ's ideal for the nations.
That he sees much to inspire him in Hawai i is encouragement indeed.
fully safeguards the United States from
falling into any entangling alliances HAWAII is the last port on the voy dering the Pacific Ocean. From the
while cooperating with the present lea age from the Occident to the beginning of history the star of em
gue as far as possible. Orient. This chain of islands, moun pire has moved ever westward. Theo
It is particularly wise in deprecating tain tops in mid-ocean, form the com dore Roosevelt once wrote, "The Medi
the appeal to force and in emphasizing, mon frontier between the Far West and terranean era died with the discovery
on the other hand, that "the only kind the Far Fast, the natural meeting place of America, the Atlantic era is now at
of compulsion which the nations of the for all the Pan-Pacific nations. Here the height of its development : the Pa
world can freely engage to apply to the Oriental, the Polynesian, the Latin cific era destined to be the greatest of
each other in the name of Peace is that and the American may learn to live as all, is just at its dawn."
which arises from conference, from neighbors, each for all, in a new com Western Canada—the States on the
moral judgment, from full publicity monwealth of love. west coast and Australia are not bound
and from the power of public opinion." Nowhere else than here is there by precedent, they have no grandfathers
That is a pregnant sentence and de such a close mingling of peoples who have fixed the form to be follow
serves the careful pondering of every of different color, tradition and religion, ed, they are free to experiment and in
thoughtful man. under democratic institutions and Chris spire with a purpose to do great things
* * ip tian civilization. This experiment in in a large way. Art and literary cen
human relations must be successful or ters are finding a place on the west
The plan in brief proposes: coast and some of the most advanced
we will lose heart in our struggle for
1. That the United States shall im the establishment of the Christ ideal of educational undertakings are also there.
mediately enter the Permanent Court world brotherhood. As one who has The Pacific world is a new world with
of International Justice, under the con labored for a lifetime in the midst of unlimited possibilities.
ditions stated by Secretary Hughes and the confusion of tongues in the foreign If the west coast is to lead in the
President Harding in February, 1923. districts of American cities, I find here, making of a better world so must
2. That without becoming a member after careful survey, greater hope for Hawaii for it is now a near neighbor
of the League of Nations as at present more rapid fulfillment of this ideal, than only a few days distant by sea route.
constituted, the United States shall offer in any community on the mainland. nearer by the air and only a few
to extend its present cooperation with This, then, becomes a most strategic moments by radio.
the League and participate in the work frontier, where two worlds may meet That these islands are conscious of
of the League as a body of mutual in perfect harmony. This experiment their opportunity for leadership is evi
counsel under conditions which becomes the more important when we denced by the work of the popular Pan-
(a) Substitute moral force and public consider the world leadership that in Pacific organization whose object is to
opinion for the military and economic time must be found in the lands bor- bring all nations and peoples about the
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 29

Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and many problems otherwise difficult of here by any group, must necessarily
commercial contact and relationship. solution. effect for good every nation lying about
To this end plans are made for the Another reason why earnest work on this great ocean.—D. W. B.
gathering in friendly conference of the these islands will have proved wide * * * *
leaders of these lands that there may influence for good is that this is a train "If we believe the American ideal
be brought about better understanding ing school for those who pass on to which suggests that every individual
and real cooperation. There is a lead other lands. Witness the return in the
should have an opportunity for making
ership that is close at home and does years past of countless thousands of
the most of himself is more important
not directly deal with other lands. It Orientals carrying with them new ideas
than amassing wealth, more important
lies in the field of religion, education, of religion, culture and family life.
citizenship and social welfare as ap Also think of the multitude of Portu than any other governmental enterprise,
plied to the peoples who are already guese, Japanese and others who have then we shall certainly support our
here. In education, for training in a gone to the mainland having had their schools. . . . We must seek to develop
common language goes far toward first lessons in American life while on that standard of values which places op
bringing about community of thought these islands. The newest movement portunity for individual growth and de
and purpose. In religion, for it is by the Filipinos toward California to velopment above any other good which
through spiritual relationships that men replace the Japanese who have left the can be secured. We must help our pub
become as blood brothers. In citizen land adds emphasis to the appeal for lic to stand fast and to work, yes, even
ship, for the love of a common flag longer and better equipment for work to sacrifice, in order that the day may
makes patriots of alien peoples. In among these people throughout the come in America when there shall be
social service, for only in the better islands. guaranteed to all a fair start and an
ment of community life is real living This frontier of Hawaii is so stra equal chance in the race of life."
made possible. tegic that successful work accomplished —George D. Strayer.
In these islands much remains to be
done in each of these lines of effort,
but there is an awakened conscience
which assures ultimate success. A New Cure For An Old Sore
This zeal for bettering conditions
W/HEN, in the public mind, the enough, girls or groups of girls might
will find outlet in working out better
W Girls' Industrial School ceases to push through the wide wire mesh or
plans for housing of the poorer people,
be a penal institution where the chief climb over the fence posts. Such es
for bad housing is largely responsible
for crime, ill health and juvenile delin job of the superintendent and staff is capes have been made—the public mind
quency. the suppression of ribaldry and becomes can recall them only too readily—but
a place where character-making habits how few there are compared to the
In creating a willingness to vote are formed, industries are taught and a
number that might be !
large bond issues for public schools home atmosphere maintained, its syn
that there may be room for every child, onym will be, not disgrace, but oppor An unseen force is operative. And it
with special instruction for those who tunity. And when the public mind has has to do with several things the femi
need ; with night schools for teaching been so purged, the administration will nine mind appreciates. One of these
English, with classes in citizenship and seems almost a contradiction of the the-
have accomplished the near-impossible.
in trades ; with the school buildings eory it operates upon for it has to do
open nightly when needed as social As far from the insurrection of last
August as day from night, are a hun with the abolition of the uniform, the
centers, with lectures, music and drama
dred and one hopeful sign which point very thing which formerly was thought
—a place for free discussion and self-
to the Girls' Industrial School of the to be a safeguard because it brought
improvement.
future. These, latterly, are the result early detection and return of the fleeing
Along the line of social service two
splendid movements might well be of certain innovations introduced by inmate. There are no more uniforms at
greatly enlarged, viz. : Supervised play Mr. W. R. Humphries, the new super the Girls' Industrial School ! Each girl
grounds and the work for health and intendent, and are of keen interest to has an opportunity to express her indi
sanitation. Prevention is always better visitors to the school who make more viduality, even in so limited a way as in
than cure, and in the end costs far less. than a cursory survey. the choice of gingham for her dress and
The U. S. Government has spent vast To appreciate in any sense progress in the fashion in which she chooses to
sums of money for the defense of these at this school, one should realize that make it under the supervision of the
islands against a possible alien enemy. there are no physical boundaries by sewing instructor. The dresses are sim
Why not as freely give money to pro which the inmates are kept. Those who ple in the extreme but they are not made
tect from social evils which destroy associate this erstwhile "reformatory" of material of an institutional color
from within? Money liberally given with high fences and steel shuttered bought by the bolt and made by a single
by citizens for the enlargement of the gates would be interested in a walk, austere and unbecoming pattern. And
work of churches, schools, settlements, such as the writer took, to the outskirts individual pride and neatness now reach
centers, kindergartens, young men's and of the farm. Here abutting an auto high water mark at the school. More
young women's Christian associations, mobile road, is a wire fence sufficient as over the girls who are paroled and are
boys' and girls' organizations, play a boundary mark but a joke so far as making good on jobs on the outside
grounds and all forms of public ser a protection against escape is concerned. often come to the school to purchase
vice will result in less need for prisons, At almost any time of the day, and of their clothing. It is neatly made, at
reformatories and hospitals, and solve the night, were the planning clever tractive and can be had at a. minimum
30 THE FRIEND February, 1924

price. So much for the removal of the room during meal hours, several experi Of the forty-five girls for whom Mr.
uniform stigma. ments were made with an ultimate de and Mrs. Humphries have found work
Closely cropped hair formerly resort cision to substitute music for bedlam in homes at a wage of $22.00 to S30.00.
ed to as an extreme punishment, is also and to enforce perfect quiet on the part since October 1st last, nine have been
a thing of the past. Each girl now of the girls. They now enter the din recalled to the school—four for unsuit-
dresses her hair according to individual ability and five for misbehavior. Thirty-
ing room to music and are treated to
taste. Many neatly bobbed heads are six are making good-—80% of them—
pianola selections while their meals are
in evidence though braids and simple as also are others previously paroled.
"done-up" arrangements are also in in progress. Grudges, once carried to
It would appear that in the present
favor. the table, are forgotten, savage breasts
staff of the school, which is headed by
Perhaps best of all, as the girls view are soothed, teachers are relieved of Mr. Humphries as superintendent and
the changes, is the removal of the "dog constant strain, and better digestion is Mrs. Humphries as associate superin
tag" (an expression coined by the girls) possible. Great care is taken in the tendent, the community is most fortu
demerit system. Previously these de choice and preparation of food and nate. Mr. Humphries has had telling
merit cards were hung about the necks healthy bodies as well as minds are experience in this line of work, believe?
of the inmates and punched whenever being built. in humanitarian methods and has his
misconduct seemed to warrant. They thumb on the detail work of each depart
were detested by the girls as were also Many of the inmates of the Girls' In
dustrial School are subnormal, but few ment, from the dairy and farm to the
the silence zones on the campus. individual case. He does not stress the
Girls are now reported upon by both of them are vicious. They are the pro
duct of tenement homes and moral discouraging side : rather does he try
house-mothers and class instructors, the to maintain a normal home atmosphere,
theory being that a more impartial basis license and are both a community pro
blem and responsibility. Lacking men to create regular habits and to make
of judgment is thus arrived at. The fol clean living, clean thoughts and speech
lowing points are considered : ( 1 ) tal alertness, they are not good stu
dents, though they are given academic paramount in the lives of the girls. He
Promptness and willingness (obedience
instruction to the limit of their ability. seeks also to form healthy contacts with
to orders) ; (2) neatness and cleanli the best people of Honolulu. Informal
ness, (3) courtesy and helpful at Many of them become expert crafts-
women and their rug weaving, lauhala talks and entertainments, together with
titude toward instructor; (4) trustwor
work, quilt and lace making are famous carefully selected moving pictures, are
thiness (honesty and truthfulness) ; (5)
in the community. They are taught weekly recreations. Many who have
attitude toward other girls (friendly or
that it is honorable to work with the talents might well share them with these
quarrelsome) and (6) industry. Written
hands and many of them are making unfortunates.
re]K>rts on these points are sent to the
good in jobs in the city. The manage The suggestion has also been made
office of the superintendent where, after
ment of the school investigates the con that the girls of the school might also
their cases are considered, they are as
ditions into which the girl will go be contribute with considerable gain in
signed to so many days of clearing
fore she is paroled and she is carefully self respect to public entertainment in
work, and residence in the lost privil
followed for several months after her Honolulu. They sing, and sing well. If
ege cottage during that period. The freedom is gained. Many have been their transportation and chaperonage can
work of clearing the grounds ; rolling the seeming failures, but many are the be arranged with Mr. Humphries, let's
stones, cutting brush, etc.. is the most successes. invite them sometimes !
difficult the girls are called upon to do
and is essentially a "lost privilege" job,
completely differentiated from the farm
and garden pursuits. Stress is laid on Dr. Pedle}) in Hawaii
the honor of work in the soil and a
healthy rivalry in garden work exists. THE Japanese work of the Hawaiian located at the ancient capital of Kyoto,
The "Lost Privilege Cottage" is a Evangelical Association is receiving and has been Field Secretary for Japan
new institution at the Girls' Industrial a stimulus from the visit of Rev. Hilton of the American Board of Missions.
School which is proving a splendid aid Pedley, D.D. The American Board of This means that he is the representa
to morale. The girls work themselves Missions has kindly loaned him to Ha tive of the Board not only in the large
out by efforts of their own, their work waii for the month of February and he mission field surrounding Kyoto, but
being judged on the basis of accom is touring the Islands speaking in all also in dealing with the "Kumiai" or
plishment and their attitude toward it. of our churches. Being a fluent speak Japanese independent churches which
Restored privileges are sweeter by far er in the Japanese language, his mes are a product of the fifty-four years of
than those never lost. sage is reaching the people with great work of the American Board.
The Detention Cottage is a final re effect. Because of his many years of varied
sort and brings real disgrace. Here, Dr. Pedley is a New Foundlander by service in Japan, he is particularly fitted
with only a mattress on the floor and birth and a Canadian by training in to speak of the momentous changes
toilet facilities, the really incorrigible Magill University and the Congrega which have taken place in that land in
girl is committed to solitary confine tional Theological College. For the the past four decades. As a thorough
ment. Her freedom is bought and paid past thirty years he has been a mis ly posted, broad-minded Christian in
for in hand work accomplished during sionary of the American Board in terpreter of Japan, Dr. Pedley has a
her incarceration. Japan, working first at Xiigata, and very valuable message.
In an effort to combat the deafening then for eighteen years at Maebashi. The National Council of Congrega
noise which prevailed in the dining For the past several years he has been tional Churches at its meeting at
 February, 1924 THE FRIEND 31
Springfield last year in October, honor able to secure this brief visit from Dr. widow of the late Treasurer of the
ed itself by electing him as Assistant Pedley, and it is anticipated that the American Board of Missions, her
Moderator. Christian work among the Japanese in daughter, Miss Faith Wiggin, and Miss
Dr. and Mrs. Pedley have been in our Islands will take a step forward as M. P. Lyman, who are planning to visit
the States for about ten months on busi a result of his efforts. the various mission fields in Japan and
ness of the Mission and are on their China. This group of earnest people
way returning to their work in Japan. In the party accompanying Dr. and are to sail from Honolulu for Japan on
Hawaii is unusually fortunate in being Mrs. Pedley are, Mrs. Frank Wiggin, February 25th.

Friend Peace Scholarship

1924 Friend Peace Scholarship Scholarship, participation in school ac dents have received awards and four
awards have been made to Miss Kazuko tivities, physique and the essay itself teen of that number have entered main
Higuchi and Richard Kaneko of the likewise entered into the consideration land colleges. Several of these have
Ililo High School and to Daniel Tsuru- of the judges. The testimony of the proved not only brilliant students, but
tani of McKinley High School. These school principals, of Hi-Y leaders and natural leaders who have made satis
represent first, second and third prizes others formed the basis of judgment. factory contribution to the cause of
in scholarships amounting to $250, $150 Previous to the final meeting of the peace between America and Japan.
and $100 respectively, for four years. committe of award, the 1924 essays were
The subject of the essay which con
The three young people will enter the read by Superintendent W. E. Givens
testants have each year been required
University of Hawaii next September. and Professors D. L. Crawford and A.
to write, while varying in text, has
Miss Higuchi, winner of the first L. Andrews, of the University of Ha
developed better relations between the
prize, is a daughter of Rev. K. Higuchi, waii. Superintendent Givens and Pro
two countries as its central theme.
Hawaiian Board Japanese pastor at fessor Crawford sat with the committee
Hilo and is an outstanding Christian composed of Mr. Theodore Richards, The subject for 1924, "A Path to
leader in her community. She is the Mr. W. R. Wrisley, Mr. F. S. Scudder Peace Through Earthquake and Fire"
second young woman to be awarded a and Miss Emily Warinner in making brought forth some exceptional essays,
Friend Peace Scholarship. the award. which not only theorized but related in
Both young men are said to be ex The founding of Friend Peace Schol cidents proving a new appreciation of
cellent students and to possess qualities arships was coincident with the visit America on the part of Japan as the
of leadership. of Mr. Theodore Richards to Japan in result of the sympathetic aid given dur
As in previous years, the character 1911 and since then have served the ing the recent catastrophe.
element was stressed, a total of three cause of better relations between the Miss Higuchi's essay, awarded first
points being given this consideration. two countries. A total of nineteen stu place, follows :

A Pam To Peace Through Earthquake and Fire

THE recent earthquake in Japan is replaced and numerous important docu mother-in-law, hurt, but in spite of all
the most terrible in history. At ments were destroyed. Aside from the these troubles, he did his utmost to help
11.55, in the forenoon of September 1st material loss, which is incalculable, the the Japanese. He immediately sent a
last, the earth in Tokyo, Yokohama fact that the capital, the most im call to the fleet stationed at the Philip
and vicinity began to shake very ter portant seaport, and the largest naval pines, for men and supplies. He, him
ribly. The ground rose and fell, as the base were ruined, paralyzed Japan for self, moved among the Japanese, not as
earthquake began to shake up and clown a moment. a representative of a foreign nation but
and to and fro ; and the whole thing The radio flashed the sad news to as a brother.
was not unlike boiling mush. At the America. She instantly sent a call One of the fine things which this dis
first quake many buildings crumbled to throughout the Union for aid, mainly in aster has called forth is real sympathy.
the earth, burying people alive as they money and clothes. Churches, all clubs, Sympathy leads to love. That sym
fell. Men, women and children by the schools and communities earnestly gave pathy alone draws men closer together
thousands were pinned under by the large sums of money and liberal quan is an unchallenged truth. Hatred can
gaping cracks. Following the quakes tities of warm clothes. A drive for five not exist where there is sympathy, grati
fires started on all sides, burning, des million dollars was made but all res tude and love.
troying as they swept in all directions. ponded so heartily that fifteen million It is a known fact that for a long
Those pinned under the great masses dollars were raised. The American Red time some of the Chinese and the Jap
of fallen material and unfortunate Cross alone sent over three million anese were terribly antagonistic towards
enough to be alive, were burnt to death. dollars and practically drained its treas each other. But now the China Review
The blow to Japan was great. Hun ury. says that the Chinese hatred of Japan
dreds of thousands of precious human Ambassador Woods shared the af was wiped out by the earthquake. It
lives were taken from her. Priceless fliction of the Japanese people. His created a sympathy which gradually
treasures, antiquities that can never be own home was destroyed and his turned the people's minds to a kindlier
32 THE FRIEND February, 1924

feeling. Even the strongest anti-Japan tagonism for the ignorant can never be draw closer the economic relations be
ese Federation, consisting of one hun convinced with reason. They needed a tween America and Japan. The Bank
dred twenty societies, issued an appeal concrete example to be impressed. The Journals state that as soon as Japan
to the public to aid Japan. The boy example was provided by the spontane floats her foreign loan, America, who>e
cott of Japanese goods has been stopped ous response of America. When Am capitalists are waiting for the official
everywhere. Just as sympathy acted bassador Woods left Tokyo, hundreds message, will invest heavily in Japan.
upon these Chinese so it has upon the of thousands of school students, boy As a result partly of the gifts of steel
Americans. scouts, government officials and common and steel products, orders for mors
The Americans are beginning to real laborers filled the streets from the machinery and tools are streaming
ize that the Japanese are their human Teikoku Hotel to the Railroad station. into America. America cannot af
brothers. They have acquired an in and as he passed under the arch of ford to make war with such a profitable
terest in them. They were impressed guns, "Banzai" rent the air for Woods customer as Japan and on the other
by the heroic way in which the Japan and the country he represented. On his hand. Japan likewise cannot enter into
ese sacrificed their lives for foreigners. way back to Washington, the Japanese war with America, as she is the main
Dr. Greene of Japan writes, "At the in Hawaii and the states showed their source of the materials needed for re
time of the quake, a white infant and gratitude through speeches, press and construction.
her Japanese nurse were on the top cheers.
If the sentiments of gratitude and the
floor of a hotel. They were caught The Japanese letters, literally run love of a giver do not change the two
among the fallen timber. The nurse over with genuine appreciation. The neighboring countries from the most
finally succeeded in calling another Jap following will give us a fair idea of this antagonistic to the most friendly na
anese to their help, only after the pile gratitude : "It is impossible to exag tions, then these economic conditions
had caught fire. She passed the baby gerate how deeply we appreciated that will bind them together in a union of
through the timber on top of her just spontaneous, efficient and liberal help mutual dependence.
in time to save it while she fell into the from the United States, and in no time
in the past, the ideals and sincerity of Many have cried out, "Why has the
timber below.
American spirit has been felt more Creator permitted this tremendous suf
Another servant had saved two fering?" History, however, bears wit
American children at the moment he keenly by the hearts of Japanese public.
In this respect, I could safely say that ness to the belief that God, in his own
might have saved his own life, and way, works out his plans. The way to
when he tried to save himself, he was the disaster however dreadful and des
salvation is often through flood, fire
caught in the fire." tructive it has been, has contributed
and death. Nations, as well as man.
more than the Washington Conference
"We never saw such bravery, stoic to bring the two nations together on find their souls through suffering.
ism, patience, as in that terror," said both sides of the Pacific into a closer Well known authorities on the inter
some Americans. "One Japanese who friendship." national problems of Japan and the
collapsed as soon as he reached the boat, United States are inclined to think that
had a fractured humerus. An Ameri "The sympathy shown to Japan by
American people in this catastrophe has through the earthquake and fire, a sure
can with him said that he had worked path to peace has been paved in the
proved to us that we had in America a
like a Trojan, saving people and food, East. As Ambassador Shidehara said
ever since the disaster, and had so dis true friend."
to the Board of Trade of New York.
guised his injury that it had not been Will then the Japanese, who feel that "most unexpectedly, this catastrophe
suspected." Japan owes an almost unpayable ob has created peace between these two
ligation, every try to rise up in arms neighboring countries."
"A harbor pilot, a fine Japanese,
against America ? One of the virtues
boarded the Empress of Australia to This calamity has created the basis
guide her out of the harbor during the drilled into the people of Japan from
early childhood is "On wo wasureruna" that leads to peace, sympathy, love and
earthquake. Not knowing the fate of understanding.
his wife, children, and relatives, he (never forget an obligation) a moral
stood to his post, helping, directing, and which is expressed in nearly all of the We, the young Americans of Japan
Japanese stories. ese parentage, have a special work to
advising until the danger was over."
Besides the fact that Japan does not perform. The sentiments created by
Japan, too, knows that America is not
want war, she is in no position to in the earthquake will not last without
what she thought her to be. Ever since
volve herself in any kind of a war special effort on the part of the people
Perry opened the ports at the point of with any nation at present. The earth of both countries. We are a bridge be
the gun, the ignorant elements of Japan quake made an enormous demand upon tween the two nations, both in locality
have looked upon America with sus the country's treasury and whatever re and blood, understanding Japan through
picion and dislike. The militarists have venue is brought in at present must be our parents and America through our
always taken advantage of this and utilized for reconstruction. Her indus own experience and knowledge.
have spread false propaganda against tries and experts have fallen. Japan Through earthquake and fire, peace has
America. Treaty or assurances could must spend for the restoration of the been paved. "And after the earth
never have altered this feeling of anta devasted region, part of the stupendous quake, a fire ; but the Lord was not in
gonism. The Washington Conference amount of money she has formerly bud the tire: and after the fire, a still small
touched the heads of the nations but it geted for the program of national de voice." Elijah heard that voice long
was the earthquake that touched the fense. ago. let us hear the voice that follows
hearts. Treaty or assurances could An important and practical result of in the wake of the earthquake, wind
never have altered this feeling of an the earthquake is that it has and it will and fire.
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 33

A Tribute and a Challenge

December 21, 1923.
To the President and Members of the
Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association,
Honolulu, Hawaii.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
For some time we have been considering a memorial to our mother, Juliette
Montague Cooke Atherton.
Many projects have been given serious thought, our desire being to establish
a memorial to her which would really be expressive of the deepest interest of her life
We, her children who knew her best, are deeply conscious of the fact that she
was first and foremost a missionary daughter with a love of missionary endeavor
ingrained in her very life. Everything that pertained to the spread of the Gospel
of Jesus Christ became her chief interest and the subject of her constant prayer.
She gave liberally during her life time to missionary enterprises, particu
larly when they had to do with the training of the young in the knowledge of
the Holy Scriptures and the building of Christian character. She believed
strongly that good citizenship and our American civilization were dependent upon a
Christian education.
Inasmuch as the Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association was founded
by the missionary fathers for the continuance of the missionary work in these
Islands, and that it stands today for definite evangelistic work and Christiian
education among the thousands of young people of all races growing up in Hawaii,
we believe that in no worthier way can we express what we know to have been her
paramount desire, namely, that Hawaii nei should be a Christian land, than by
establishing a fund and giving it over to the custody of that Board to administer.
We, therefore, at this Christmas time herewith give to the Board of the
Hawaiian Evangelical Association as a memorial to our mother and also in remem
brance of her parents, Amos Starr and Juliette Montague Cooke, for many years among
its honored workers, and our father, Joseph Ballard Atherton, who was for some
years President of this Board, securities amounting to slightly in access of One
Hundred Thousand Dollars to be known as the ' 'Juliette Montague Atherton
Memorial Fund. ' '
It is our desire that the principal of this fund shall be kept intact, but
the income used for the general work of the Board and its further extension in
the years to come.
With best wishes for the continued advancement of the work of the Board in
all its various branches, we remain,
Sincerely yours,
MARY ATHERTON RICHARDS
FRANK C. ATHERTON
CHARLES H. ATHERTON

THE CRIME OF MR. BOK that by their votes they will do at least face about a dud. Nobody goes into
(From the New York World.) two things that are inconvenient to the tantrum about a joke. If the winning
MR. BOK, it seems, is guilty of the irreconcilables—first, to make ridiculous plan did not express something to which
awful crime of spending some the assertion that the league is "dead," the American sense of honor responds,
money to advertise a plan to promote and second, to give the administration nobody would be at such pains to deride
the peace of the world. We sympathize courage to face out the Battalion of it and denounce it. In the very nature
with those who, like Senator Reed and Death. of the attacks, launched even before the
Senator Hiram Johnson, are horrified The anger with which the plan has plan was published, there is a confession
at the prospect of a very large section been greeted in some quarters is com that this simple and commonplace plan
of the American people adopting the plete proof that it deals with a living expresses a very powerful conviction
plan. For it may very well happen issue. Nobody becomes so red in the among the American people.
34 THE FRIEND February, 1924

For it is both simple and common $50,000 more, it is because he had the done for many years past. It must
have space and equipment if it is to
place. No plan that would have been extraordinary common sense to suggest be of real service to the girls of Hono
of any use could have been anything that the way to cooperate for the peace lulu. (There is so little vocational
else, for the peace of the world will not of the world was to cooperate through work in the city that girls have almost
no opportunity for self-support. Plans
be achieved by a bright and ingenious the existing machinery of cooperation. must be made to increase opportun
stunt. If the author of the plan has That bit of common sense has nearly ities for work.)
won $50,000, and will, we hope, win driven Senator Reed out of his mind. It has graduated 77 girls as Trained
Attendants to the sick. (It could do
much more with space.)
Honolulu is spending twice as much
money on boys as on girls and yet the
fact remains that the boys of a city do
Tke Y.W. C. A. In Our Town not rise higher than the standard of
its girls.
Mr. Alexander Hume Ford said with
HONOLULU has the reputation the most important business interest of in a month, "The Pan-Pacific Union
our Islands. Girls, the companions of cannot parallel the boys' Good Rela
throughout the world for splendid tions Club until the Y.W.C.A. has help
progress, sound thinking and for broad our men, the inspiration of our homes, ed get the girls ready. Are you do
outlook into world interests. Keen men the mothers of the future !—and because ing it?" (We can and will when
of poor and pitifully limited equipment there is space.)
of business as well as men of art come The educational department had last
in numbers from across the seas to look only a comparatively few girls can be year 380 different individuals enrolled
at our Islands ; they go away wonder accommodated in the classes, in the in its classes. (A school of some size
gymnasium, in the cooking school, in to manage in three tumble down cot
ing about all they have seen. Travellers tage rooms in the rear of the Y.W\C.A.
from Europe, from Oriental countries, the courses in dressmaking,—in all the and two rooms on the second floor of
from all Asia visit our great plantations, fine educational work of the Y.W.C.A. ! the building.)
Recognizing the importance of this Evening lectures have practically
look longingly at our valleys and our been given up for besides lack of space,
mountain homes and in leaving wish to world center, the great association the noise daunts the bravest man with
return to what they say is the most movement on the mainland has sent to the strongest voice.
In our employment department 3100
beautiful and most interesting place in Honolulu their most highly trained applicants were registered in ten
all the world. workers. They are here but so ham months and 950 placements made, a
pered by lack of room and equipment goodly percent of which were per
What is it that makes these Islands manent. (Every interview took place
so interesting? It is not alone the that they cannot give their best service. in the corner of the public lobby. Life
A few people who have not taken time stories, domestic tragedies must be
beautiful scenery or the excellent cli poured out conscious that behind a
to think have been heard to say that
mate or the flashing coloring sea but low screen strangers are writing and
the Y.W.C.A. is asking too much of the talking in the surrounding room.)
the People! "Just wno are these
community,—the real truth is that this There is no check room for this
folks?" one tourist was heard to ask as PORT CITY Association yet every
enlarging community is demanding a
he wandered down King street and the week the secretaries must somehow
greater service than is in any way handle bundles and packages left until
answer was, "This is the World gather
possible in the present limited building. called for by shoppers from Schofleld,
ing together on a little sunlit island in Waialua, Waipahu, etc., as well as by
Could you see with the secretaries the
the middle of the ocean—American, trans-Pacific passengers.
hundreds of young girls of this city We are as citizens aware of the im
Russians, Chinese, Japanese, Koreans
standing, seemingly, in front of this old mense part which Health Education
and all the rest, making homes, living building on Hotel Street, eager for must play in the tropics for the young
lives, and each in his own way helping employed girl. Three full sized gymna
training in all branches, for culture, for siums have been provided for our boys
to build our city on the foundation of yet the girls of the Y.W.C.A. have only
knowledge of things of the spirit, you
righteousness." one small gymnasium and this not of
would better understand Honolulu's
Business men of Honolulu are trying standard size with poor ventilation,
serious situation. which must be shared with 800 girls
to plan sanely and wisely regarding the A few plain facts taken from the re from the club department.
growth of the city. The old post office cent analysis of the Association given The Y.W.C.A. is serving 4000 women
gave out and the Federal Government by the General Secretary, Miss Grace every week to the best of its limited
built our fine new building. Several Channon, which facts should have been capacity in the heart of the city where
business firms found old buildings in heard by every business man of Hono it is so greatly needed. The stranger,
adequate and profits from business en lulu—give us a clearer understanding the tourist, the shopper, as well as the
terprises went into new structures, each of matters concerning the work of the girls and women seeking education.
beautifying Honolulu as well as serving Y.W.C.A. health, employment, recreation all find
the people not only of the Islands but
The Association is 24 years old— their way to the Y.W.C.A.
of the world.
(Not an untried venture.) The time has come to give this or
A fine new church has been built in It touches regularly each week 4000
a garden spot that people might wor women and girls, including 800 girls ganization an equipment worthy of the
ship God in quietude and peace. But each week in clubs. (Could double this city of the Cross Roads of the Pacific.
number in a few months if space and We believe in girls and hold that their
as we walk down Hotel Street past a equipment were provided, now merely
shabby brick building on a corner, there scratching the surface because of lack training must accord with our motto.
is a sudden letdown in our pride be of equipment.) "The Life of the Land is Preserved by
From the 6th, 7th and 8th grades Righteousness."
cause our Y.W.C.A. building is but an last year 1500 girls dropped out not
apology for such an institution and the entering high school. If the Board of HARRIET C. ANDREWS, President
community is finally awake to the re Public Instruction cannot finance a LOGAN W. SHEPHERD
continuation school, the Y.W.C.A. must ELEANOR S. ATHERTON
alization that girls are after all about carry on educational work as it has MARY DILLINGHAM FREAR
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 35

Islands are one of the wonderlands of

the globe. . . Nature conceals in them
An April Opportunity
more of her mysteries to attract and ABOOK hookupu at the Cousins'
chain the attention of the student and Society meeting in April !
more of her masterpieces to enrapture The suggestion is made by The
the visitor than in any similar area." Friend with the approval of Miss
The chief lack in pictures is that of Damon, the president, and in the full
churches and schools. Thatched roofed expectation that once the members have
meeting houses of the early days in caught the spirit, a splendid response
Hawaii are a thrilling contrast to the will be made.
beautiful buildings of the present day Tie your gift in a ti leaf or bear it
(though our most beautiful church in a calabash if you like—the result
building was only a dream at the time will be the more picturesque—but by
of Mr. Grosvenor's visit.) The Mission all means make a gift and thus increase
Memorial is not only one of the most the scope and usefulness of the Cousins'
beautiful buildings in the Pacific, but it Library !
and the work it represents are the phy
sical embodiment of the spirit of the "Once upon a time" this library be
pioneers. There is no picture of the longed to George R. Carter, but the
Mission Memorial, and Kawaiahao thought-germ from which it grew was
Church, the "Hawaiian Westminster caught at a Cousin's meeting almost
Abbey," built piece by piece from coral twenty years ago, when the subject of
The late Woodrow Wilson whose con
tribution to the peace of the world and to hewn from the reef and brought to place how greater service might be rendered
the independence of small nations has earn
on the backs of the natives, is also to the community and how the memory
ed undying gratitude. of the missionary fathers could be per
lacking.
petuated was under discussion. The
Modern school buildings and the
museum idea was suggested and Mr.
human components of Americanism Carter told how Yale College was start
A Creditable Issue therein taught, are exhibit "A" in Ha
waii's inter-racial laboratory. The
ed with the donation of half a dozen
books. This brought forth the ques
THE long-looked- far Hawaiian num human element is brought out in a di tion, why not start a library? and W.
ber of the Geographic Magazine is versified group taken on the grounds of (). Smith made a motion that such a
off the press and copies have been re Central Grammar School and in the beginning be made.
ceived in Honolulu and various parts now-famous Kawaiahao Seminary group
of the territory. showing thirty-two races and race mix Being a man of action, Mr. Carter
The general feeling prevails that the tures, but of modern school buildings began to collect books and manuscripts
issue was admirably conceived and of there is a total lack. dealing with the work of the mission,
fers the most comprehensive popular The total assessed value of Hawaii's the early government, and finally broad
review of the Islands ever issued. Cer school buildings, irrespective of real- ened the scope of the collection to in
tainly it is excellent promotion ma estate and equipment, is $3,318,877.38, clude anything of value written on Ha
terial, and those who read, provided and the buildings themselves compare waii. He kept the library at his home
they have the money for travel, will most favorably with those designed for until it grew to large proportions and
feel that their loss is considerable if they a similar purpose on the mainland. A then, with the idea of presenting it to
fail to see "America's strongest out thrilling contrast between school condi the Cousin's Society, had it moved to
post of Defense—The Volcanic and tions of today and those of 1820 when the second floor of the Chamberlain
Floral Wonderland of the World." groups were assembled for instruction house. In order to make the ownership
To Mr. Gilbert Grosvenor, president under the grateful shade of kukui clear, he finally had an attorney draw
of the National Geographic Society, be trees ! a deed of gift and delivered this to the
longs the credit for an excellent run It is surprising too that the famous Cousins' Society.
ning story of Hawaii and for the en palace, whose size and architectural But the association of the library
semble of truly remarkable photographs beauty antedated by probably a decade with one man has persisted in the minds
taken by him during his stay in the similar buildings in the Pacific, is not of the Cousins and today many of them
Islands in 1920, and by local photo shown. do not know that the Cousins' Society
graphers. Among those whose pictures Admirable indeed are the color plates, [X)ssesses a library that is by all odds
appear are Dr. A. S. Raker, Prof. J. F. twenty-one in all, showing the feather the finest of its kind in existence. Nor
Rock, Dr. Jaggar and members of the capes and other royal regalia, Waimea do they realize that they will be serv
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff, Canyon, the Volcano, Haleakala, surf ing, not only the Society, but genera
H. W. Henshaw, of the Smithsonian In riders, pineapple fields, land shells, bou- tions unborn, if they will add private
stitute, Williams' Studio, F. C. Atherton, gainvillea, the poinciana regia, Hanalei volumes, pamphlets or samples of early
Alonzo Gartley, Arthur W. Rice, Dr. Bay, Hilo harbor and fishing by torch printing. There is without doubt a
Edwin Capps and Howard D. Case. light. quantity of valuable material which
Many of the pictures are of intense This number of the Geographic Mag should be brought together and indexed.
historical interest, others of such sheer azine is one which we in Hawaii will The library is for reference only and
beauty as to amply justify Mr. Gros- take pleasure in sending to our main the collection will remain intact in what
venor's statement : ". . . The Hawaiian land friends. —E.V.W. is the nearest to being a fireproof build
36 THE FRIEND February, 1924

ing as is possible without re-enforced Mission, the stock on hand was bought ed some idea of magic with the art. It
concrete or steel. by Mr. Castle and Mr. Cooke and the was not until I had represented to him
Is there, for instance, a full file of firm Castle and Cooke established. It how happy our Emperor would be to
The Friend from 1843 to this year of is very interesting to see the list of possess his likeness that he consented,
grace? Mr. Carter has spent consider supplies, many of them now entirely and, to my very great astonishment, M.
able time and money trying to complete out of use. Choris succeeded in taking a very good
this one file—in a sense a futile task if There are many volumes of priceless likeness of him, though Tamaahmaah.
some member will catch the vision of worth. Some of these are the earliest in order to embarrass him did not sit
a Cousins' Library serving the whole issues of portions of the first Hawaiian still a moment and made all kinds of
community and donate his! Bible; another the first Hawaiian faces in spite of my entreaties."
Though in many cases the books hymnal printed on the Mission Press in The second and third pictures of
given will be duplicates, they will be 1823 and evidently designed for the Kamehameha I in the library of the
very welcome, for often a rare book or Queen, as its covers are of pure tortoise. Cousins' Society are from the German
pamphlet can only be had through ex Yale College had come into possession and the English translations of this
change. of the latter volume and presented it to book.
It is also well to bear in mind that Mr. Carter a dozen years ago. When Hawaii's Bill of Rights, with
outside of the library, in an especially Mr. Carter has recently had copied which Governor Farrington has made
designated and controlled fireproof vault six volumes of the earliest missionary such excellent progress in Washington,
in the Mission Memorial, the Cousins letters on file in the A.B.C.F.M. Library was being drafted, Mr. L. A. Thurston
have provision for manuscripts of his in the Congregational House in Boston. found material of vital interest to the
toric value. These will, in time, be in These have been bound and indexed, Committee in the Cousins' Library.
dexed and made available for reference. and are now available for use. Shall not the contribution have been
Mr. Howard Malcolm Ballou, who, Apropos of the general lack of knowl considerable if through this bill the
Mr. Carter says, is directly to be credit edge in connection with the Cousins' minds of many continental Americans
ed for obtaining 90 per cent of the col Library, it is interesting to note that are cleared with regard to Hawaii's
lection, is director of the library and Mr. James A. Wilder, the local artist status ?
Mr. Sheeley is librarian. The latter's and himself a Cousin, went abroad last Here too Judge Frear has found need
hours are from 9 to 12 and 1 to 4 each year with the avowed intention of locat ed evidence in regard to land matters
day, except Saturday, when morning ing in London, or elsewhere, a likeness in local courts.
hours only are kept. of Kamehameha I if such were in exist This library is the headquarters of
The collection is so extensive that a ence. Mr. Wilder has a commission Mr. R. S. Kuykendall, who is at work-
cursory review of the volumes is whol from the territorial legislature to paint on a History of Hawaii, and for Miss
ly unfair. It will be of interest, how the first of the Kamehamehas and had Josephine Sullivan, who is compiling
ever, to know that it contains a com little to guide him toward a satisfactory material for a history of C. Brewer &
plete set of government reports, all laws, likeness other than his vivid memory of Co. Students of the Hawaiian history
the most complete collection of voyages Princess Ruth, who was said to look course at the University are finding ma
touching at Hawaii, the only complete like her great-grandfather. He came terial here ; one for a history of Keo-
set of printed minutes of the Mission back empty-handed from his quest, only palani, Hawaii's first Christian Queen,
and a valuable collection of missionary to find that three of the pictures he and another for a biography of Queen
letters, the most complete collection of sought are in the Cousins Library ! One Kapiolani.
Hawaiian printing in existence, bound is an original lithograph by L. Choris, Thus has begun an era of service for
files of the Missionary Herald, or rather the artist who accompanied Otto von the Cousins' Library. It is an endowed
those parts pertaining to the establish Kotzebue, a lieutenant in the Russian institution (provision for perpetual up
ment of the Sandwich Island Mission Imperial Navy and who later wrote "A keep having been made by Mr. Carter
and the missionary work to 1891, a Voyage of Discoverey Into the South for the Society) and will increase in
bound collection of articles on Hawaii Seas and Bering Straits." The preface value and interest with the years. Make
from miscellaneous periodicals, many of explains that the voyage was for tlie YOUR contribution when the Cousins'
them of the most intense interest; La- purpose of exploring a North-east pass meet in April. The seventy-second an
hainaluna publications of various sorts age undertaken in 1815-1818 at the ex nual meeting of descendants of Hawaii's
and so on and on. There are in the pense of his highness, the chancellor of missionary pioneers ! Appropriately
collection some 4,000 pamphlets. the empire, Count Romanzoff. The ship enough the meeting this year falls on
Two new acquisitions are a printed was the Rurdick in command of Lieu April 19th, the generally accepted date
Daily Concert of Prayer, issued for tenant von Kotzebue. The book was of landing.
1857, a schedule giving the names of printed in 1821.
Referring to "Hawaiian Historical Le
all the missionaries, both in Hawaii and The author says of the artist : gends" by W. D. Westervelt (Fleming H.
in Micronesia and the dates allotted to "The skill of our painter was much Revell Co.), the Cleveland Times says:
"This book does not concern the musical
them for special prayer for the further admired, he having with great rapidity comedy island where theatrical producers
ance of the work of the Mission, and taken portraits of some of the chiefs, have gone for justification of the can-can
an early inventory signed by S. N. which were extraordinary likenesses. school of dancing. Rather it is a sober
record of interesting legends and history-
Castle and A. S. Cooke showing goods Even Tamaahmaah looked with surprise entertaining as well as instructive."
on hand and ordered for the Mission in on the work of M. Choris, but long re This is Mr. Westervelt's sixth book, and
1851. These supplies were kept in the sisted my entreaties to suffer himself, as in many respects is his most valuable con
Mission Depository on Kawaiahao Lane. tribution to the history and folk-lore of the
they here express it, to be transferred islands. It is attractively bound and offers
When this was no longer needed by the to paper, probably because he connect a splendid gift suggestion.
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 37

ni\e Pioneer CKurch In Japan

By Hilton Pedley
In this article Dr. Pedley tells of the or belt of Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe, a belt
ganization of the first Protestant Church in just forty-seven miles in length.
Yokohama and of the fact that the Chris
tian group in Honolulu furnished the first In 1878, arose the first Home Mis
$1,000 in aid of the enterprise. Hawaii has sionary Society, a Society still going
long looked upon Japan and other Pacific
countries with "the eye of a brother."
strong, a Society, the revenue of which
at the present time has become amalga
SEVENTY years ago Commodore mated with the revenue of the Japan
Perry broke all records, for instead Mission of the American Board for
of smashing in the front door of Japan, Evangelistic purposes, the joint funds
he gently knocked, and after dropping to be administered by a Board of Di
a letter from the President of the rectors, of whom fifteen are Japanese
United States of America through the and three are representatives of the
crack of the slightly opened door, de above-mentioned mission.
parted, to return the next year and In 1879, the Doshisha sent forth in
frame a treaty with the Island Empire. first graduating class, fifteen of them
Six years later and six missionaries dedicated to the Christian ministry. Of
quietly entered port, two of them to re these, one is now the veteran pastor of
turn after a year and four to remain, one of Tokyo's institutional church cen
three of them in Yokohama, and one in tres another, long an outstanding pulpit
Nagasaki, settling down to the hum and platform orator, is the venerable
drum life of studying the people and President of his Alma Mater ; another
their language. Within another five has become an evangelist of national
years, a bible-class had been organized reputation; and still a fourth is enter
and conducted with the teacher in Na ing upon his forty-third year as pastor
gasaki, the three pupils a hundred miles of the original Osaka Church. His call
away, and a courier running between— was unique. Abandoning his first in
Dr. Pedley
South with a bible carefully marked tention to preach, he accepted a position
and North with carefully written com as teacher. But one night a friend—
ments upon the places marked. The that just seventeen years later, the first
blessed are such—called upon him, and
result was a simple little ceremony in speaker of Japan's first House of Rep
after pleading with him far into the
the missionary's study, where with resentatives was a member of a Chris
night, secured his promise to go to
blinds drawn and doors closed, the three tian Church! Osaka and shepherd the faithful eleven.
received baptism and partook of the In 1874, at Kobe and Osaka, were or Today the eleven have swelled to eleven
communion bread and wine. ganized the first churches (Congrega hundred and but a year and a half ago.
tional) of Western Japan, and then for pastor and people rejoiced together in
Another seven years and then follow
five years there followed a small epi the erection of a church plant, valued at
ed a decade whose almost every year
demic of church organizing around more than one hundred thousand dol
was pregnant with meaning for the
Christian movement. In 1871, the great these two great centres. lars!
Governmental Commission headed by In 1875, Joseph Niijima, run-a-way, The above does not tell the whole
Prince Iwakura, began to compass the sailor, student in high school, college, story. Time would fail to tell of the
world for knowledge and later on its and seminary in cultured Massachusetts, other great forces at work. We have
report brought in the day of public marched with his friend J. D. Davis of given but one glimpse into that famous
schools that at present cover the land the American Board, to knock at the pioneer decade, the momentum of
and enroll 98% of the children of school gates of the old capital of Kyoto, rock- which continued through another. Then
age. ribbed with Conservatism. They knock came reaction—long and cold—due
In 1872 the first Protestant church ed so insistently that in late fall they mainly to two causes, first, the great
was organized in Yokohama, the Chris were able to enter, and see the birth wave of extreme nationalism following
tian group in Honolulu furnishing the of Japan's oldest Christian school—the the overwhelming victory over China,
first one thousand dollars from abroad Doshisha, then rejoicing over nine stu and second, the mighty inrush of the
in aid of the enterprise. About the dents, now overwhelmed with 3,600 ! so-called New German Thought which
same time, South, East, and North, In 1876, the Spirit of God moved swept several trusted leaders from their
furnished three groups of young men upon the group in the South and thirty moorings. The pendulum swung to nor
under American leaders, and out of choice lads came to study under Niijima, mal again, however, and ever since the
these groups came not a few of the to purify the institution of incipient evil, march forward has been steady, if slow,
giant leaders of the great denominations and to infuse new life and purpose. In until in this year of grace we have
of today. this year also higher education for wo 250,000 of Christ's followers enlisted
In 1873, edicts prohibiting Christian men appeared in the form of three under the Protestant and Catholic ban
ity were removed. Note well the fact small schools established in the Orion ners.
38 THE FRIEND February, 1924

Furthermore, in the liberation of wo real needs are deeper. They need to enter
into and be swept along by the whole cur
men, in the interests of temperance and By All Means rent of the big program of the association,
purity, on behalf of democracy, free religious, social and educational. No little
speech and a free press, and, finally, in THE following from Dr. A. W. Pal eddy of their own is a substitute for the
mer's Newspaper Pulpit comment on full current of the stream.
its insistence upon the moral element in
religion, Christianity has, admittedly, the need for good equipment for the
"Women's Y" emphasizes the need for
taken its place among- the strongest
the central location of such a public ser
Yankees
factors in Japan's marvelous half-cen By James L. Hill, D.D.
tury of progress. vice building :
THIS new book, published by Rich
Already we see the new Jerusalem in But where should it be located? This is ard G. Badger of Boston, in 1923.
the building. Not yet have the streets the very heart of the problem. A mistake is an interesting exposition of the part
been all laid out, the walls set up, and in locating a public service building is well
nigh fatal. Since the matter is now up that New England men and women—
the gates hung, but the gold and jasper, for public consideration may I not take this Yankees—have taken in the upbuilding
and the other precious stones are com opportunity for suggesting some reasons of our Republic. In striking, fresh
ing in, and will continue to come until for a down town location?
style Dr. Hill sketches the work of
the great city stands forth at last in The first principle of locating a public some of the well-known Yankees that
service building is accessibility to the
the glory of completion. population to be served. The second is will always be closely associated in the
HILTON PEDLEY. permanent relationship to probable future upbuilding of our government and its
civic development. By both of these counts
the YjW.C.A. should stay down town—■ development along various lines. Some
February 12, 1924. of these representative Americans, who
makai of Beretania St. and ewa of the
Capitol grounds. were born in New England were :
Dr. Pedley recalls the fact that in The most important constituency which Benjamin Franklin, Horace Greeley,
1873 edicts preventing Christianity were the building, as a building, serves is the George Peabody, Horace Mann, Mar
business and working women of the down shall Field and Henry W. Sage.
removed in Japan. Fifty-one years later, town section. As an organization, the
under date of February 21, 1924, the fol Y.W.C.A. can serve students, foreign wo Many interesting facts about these
lowing radio from Tokio was sent men or home-dwelling women almost any well-known Americans are set forth in
where. It can send its secretaries out to this book. The author also dwells up™
around the world : cooperate with churches or to organize
centers throughout the community. But the life and work of a number of lessc
(A. P. by Radio Corporation) the business women, stenographers, .sales known but very important Yankees
Tokio, Feb. 20.—The influence of women, office girls, can be served effective who have made great contribution in
ly only by a building in the very heart of
Christianity in Japanese national life the business section, present and prospec spreading New England ideals through
was recognized as on a parity with that tive. out our land. Among these we find :
of Buddhism and Shintoism today when Business women and working girls will Manas seh Cutler, Daniel Pearsons.
come to the Y.W.C.A. as a cheerful, con Zachariah Chandler, Julius A. Reed.
Premier Kiyoura called a series of spe venient club—a place to rest, to eat lunch,
cial conferences, beginning today, to to meet friends, to consult the employment Asa Turner, Jas. W. Grimes and Dr.
discuss remedies for the national spirit secretaries, to take a special course fitting Holbrook.
for a better position, to play a game or It is educative to read of the con
ual depression which has come as the write a letter. It means everything for
result of the great earthquake. them to have such a haven of refuge— structive work of these sons of New
clean, cheerful, Christian and inexpensive— England, whose services to our nation
Christians requested to attend the con in the very heart of the district where hun
dreds (in the future, thousands) of them are gratefully remembered in the com
ference included Kajinosuke Ibuka, bish
are employed. But, to serve them so, the monwealths where they labored so ef
op of Sakunoshin, and Kodo Kosaki, building must be accessible. They can not
take a car ride to reach it—especially at fectively.
bishop of Uzaaki. noon hour. They have no automobiles to Dr. Hill is mindful of the important
Representatives of the Disciples and speed them to some distant point. It must part taken by Yankee women, and de
Christian churches and the Salvation be as convenient for them as the Y.M.C.A., votes his first chapter to "Great Awak
the Commercial Club, the Young Hotel or
Army also were asked to attend. Nolte's are for the men of the business ening of Yankee Women." Harriet
world. Beecher Stowe, Catherine Beecher and
It may be suggested that a separate Helen Hunt Jackson are mentioned and
clubroom for business women can be left also "Shade's Girls"—500 or more young
down town and the main building be located
The Path To Peace elsewhere. But would not this defeat one
or the greatest results achieved by one
women from the best Christian families
of New England who were sent out by
EVIDENTLY does not run in the central building, namely, the fusing into Governor Slade of Vermont to become
vicinity of Corvallis, Oregon (from one conscious sisterhood the women of dif
ferent racial and social groups who use teachers in the West.
which place a letter of which the fol the equipment? This I regard as one of This worthy tribute to the heroism
lowing is an extract, recently eman the outstanding achievements of the Y.W.
C.A. as at present conducted. It presents and sacrifice of the Yankee women
ated). a wonderful example of the comradeship of makes a splendid opening chapter to
Do you anticipate any trouble with women. I would hesitate to establish any the book.
the Japanese on the Islands? Mr. cleavage in so precious a tradition as unity.
In Honolulu, especially, such mutual good The material is not arranged chrono
was in Honolulu in 1920 and he said will, understanding and cooperation is vital logically, nor is there any attempt at a
that he delivered many guns to the ly important. Let's not crystallize into full evaluation of the works of the Sons
"blocks." let's keep the channels of com
Japs while he was agent for some rail munication and places of comingling open! of New England who have emigrated
way company at a place eight or ten Moreover, the business girls need some from their native States, but there is a
miles out of Honolulu and came back thing more than the cafeteria, rest room well-developed appreciation of the
and employment bureau. These things may
to the U.S.A. on that account. be what they consciously desire, but their (Continued on page 41)
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 39

Kalini Union Churck

in 1923
KALIHI UNION CHURCH has
dropped five members, retired six,
and granted one letter during 1923,
while two have joined on confession of
faith, thus leaving the roll at 46; 15 men
and 31 women, only three of whom are
absent members. Five adults and three
babies have been baptized, and eight
marriage ceremonies performed, one of
which was the church's first formal
church wedding. Only two funerals
were conducted, both of infants.
A history of the church was publish
ed in "The Friend" for December, 1920,
soon after the present pastor began
work, in view of the fact that so many
readers of this paper help financially in
supporting our large plant in its general The Beginners' Class Kalihi Union Church Sunday School
community work. The free kindergar
ten and Childrens' Aid Association still ed the Outdoor Circle ladies to plant Settlement also continues to conduct our
maintain a school in our gym, of about trees and shrubs in various parts of our dispensary, now furnishing two nurses
no little tots this year. They have also six or seven acre property. for the work above and below King
kindly put in a playground director for The Y.M.C.A. also still carries on its Street, and on Fridays a baby clinic is
our athletic field and playground ap Tuesday night Boys" Club, the Y.W.C.A. held, so large that a second room has
paratus this year, a lady being present the Friday afternoon Girls' Reserve, the had to be given to the physician in at
from two to six each day, where as Boy Scout organization maintains Troop tendance and the main Sunday School
many as 150 children have been counted 15 Friday nights, and the Japanese Citi room opened as a waiting room for pa
at one time. They have been given full zenship League meets Saturday nights. tients.
charge of the development of our ath The pastor gives a religious talk to each This makes seven other city organiza
letic grounds, and have built a fine and of the three boy organizations once a tions working on our property, doing a
convenient shelter some distance in the month, and the church furnishes the much wider work than any of us could
rear. This department has also interest- local Scout troop committee. Palama do alone. The janitor is kept busy, but
finds time to raise beautiful plants for
our church and prove very useful in
making small repairs, etc. As heretofore
a family resides in the parsonage to keep
an eye on the grounds, answer tele
phone calls, etc.
It may be well this year to note some
comparisons in church numbers, always
a small group, hut unusually friendly.
Attendance during five months ser
vice:
Sun. Morn S.S. Sun. Eve. Tbura.Kre.
At. Av. At. Av.
1920 18% 104 13 11
1921 32 111 21 10
1922 42 108 19 14
1923 35 135 11 8

The Sunday School maximum attend

ance has increased this year from 141
to 196, and only twice has the attend
ance dropped below 100, to 84 and 97.
We now enroll 224 S.S. scholars as
against 180 last year. Evening services
are the greatest problem, although still
desired by the few who attend.
Special preachers at Kalihi have been
Revs. De Kay, Davis, Erdman, Schenck,
Main Student Body, Kalihi Union Church Sunday School Judd, Jones of Maui, and Midkiff from
40
THE FRIEND February, 1924
the States. We held no evening services of hundreds of thousands of American Safeguarding of .Monroe Doctrine
during July and August. Each service citizens. The plans came from every
1. The United States accepts the Lea
has had to be omitted once during the group in American life. Some were ob
gue of Nations as an instrument of
year because of excessive storm. The viously from life-long students of history
mutual counsel, but it will assume no
pastor and his wife have been found "at and international law. Some were from
obligation to interfere with political
home" by a small group once a month persons who have studied little, but who
questions of policy or internal adminis
throughout the year. The usual socials, have themselves seen and felt the hor
tration of any foreign state.
monthly meetings of ladies "Friend ror of war—or who are even now living
ship Circle," special Easter and Christ out its tragedy. In uniting its efforts with those of
mas exercises, etc., have continued. A other States for the preservation of
However unlike, they almost all ex
church prayer league was formed at peace and the promotion of the common
press or imply the same conviction:
Easter time for united daily prayer by welfare, the United States insists upon
That this is the time for the nations of
the holders of its little cards. The the safeguarding of the Monroe Doc
the earth to admit frankly that war is
pastor has served as chairman of the trine and does not abandon its tradi
a crime and thus withdraw the legal
Evangelistic Committee of the Inter- tional attitude concerning American in
and moral sanction too long permitted
Church Federation in 1923, and con dependence of the Old World and does
to it as a method of settling interna
tinued on several of the Hawaiian Board not consent to submit its long establish
tional disputes. Thousands of plans
standing committees, etc. ed policy concerning questions regarded
show a deep aspiration to have the
by it as purely American to the recom
The weekly envelope system still con United States take the lead in a com
mendation or decision of other Powers.
tinues successfully, though not used by mon agreement to brand war in very
nearly all the members. The church truth an "outlaw." No Military or Economic Force
and Sunday School gave during the Following the award, the Honorable 2. The only kind of compulsion which
year for all Christian work $191, and Elihu Root, chairman of the Jury of nations can freely engage to apply to
paid $128 for other general expenses be Award, prepared a forward-looking each other in the name of Peace is that
sides $300 to its Prudential Committee, statement indicating that the mutual which arises from conference, from
who raised the sum of $4,881 for sal counsel and cooperation among the na moral judgment, from full publicity, and
aries, repairs, etc., for the entire plant. tions provided in the selected plan may from the power of public opinion.
This last is especially to be noted be lead to the realization of another—and The United States will assume no ob
cause the Hawaiian Board felt it neces not the least important—of the domin ligations under Article X in its present
sary to permanently withdraw its re ant desires of the American public as form, or under Article XVI in its pre
gular grant of $100 a month after April, expressed in the plans : sent form in the Covenant, or in its
in view of the call of its own large and "It is the unanimous hope of the Jury amended form as now proposed, unless
increasing work. that the first fruit of the mutual counsel in any particular case Congress has au
Let us be "steadfast, immovable, al and cooperation among the nations thorized such action.
ways abounding in the work of the which will result from the adoption of The United States proposes that
Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your the plan selected will be a general pro Article X and XVI be either dropped al
labor is not vain in the Lord." hibition of the manufacture and sale of together or so amended and changed as
Albert S. Baker, Pastor. all materials of war." to eliminate any suggestion of a genera!
The Question to be Voted Upon agreement to use coercion for obtaining
The substantial provisions which con conformity to the pledges of the Cov
Mr. Bok Comments stitute the plan selected by the Jury of enant.
Award, and upon which the vote of the
On Plan American people is asked are hereby
No Obligations Under Versailles Treaty
IN a statement just issued, Edward W. submitted by the Policy Committee as 3. The United States will accept no
Bok comments upon the winning plan follows : responsibilities under the Treaty of Ver
—No. 1469—selected by the jury of the sailles unless in any particular case Con
I. Enter the Permanent Court. gress has authorized such action.
American Peace Award. The $100,000
prize for the best practical plan by which That the United States adhere to the
League Open to All Nations
the United States may cooperate with Permanent Court of International Jus
tice for the reasons and under the con 4. The United States Government pro
the other nations, looking toward the
ditions stated by Secretary Hughes and poses that Article I of the Covenant be
prevention of war, was created by Mr.
President Harding in February, 1923. construed and applied, or, if necessary,
Bok and brought forth 22,165 plans.
redrafted, so that admission to the Lea
"Since many of them," says Mr. Bok. II. Cooperate With the League of Na
gue shall be assured to any self-govern
"were the composite work of organiza tions, without full membership at pre
ing State that wishes to join and that
tions, universities, etc., a single plan sent. receives the favorable vote of two-thirds
often represented the views of hundreds That without becoming a member of
of the Assembly.
or thousands of individuals. There the League of Nations as at present
were also received several hundred thou constituted, the United States Govern Development of International Law
sands of letters which, while they did not ment should extend its present coopera 5. As a condition of its participation
submit plans, suggested in almost each tion with the League and propose par in the work and counsels of the League,
instance a solution of the peace problem. ticipation in the work of its Assembly the United States asks that the Assembly
The Jury had therefore before it an and Council under the following condi and Council consent—or obtain authority
index of the true feeling and judgment tions and reservations: —to begin collaboration for the revision
February, 1924 THE FRIEND 41

and development of international law, Orient," rather than the back door of in 1920 at the time of the Centennial.
employing for this purpose the aid of a New England. The great achievements In the paragraph on "The Land of Oh
commission of jurists. This Commission of Bingham, Thurston and Coan in My," Dr. Hill has written a description
would be directed to formulate anew ex particular are developed in an apprecia which might be the envy of those who
isting rules of the law of nations, to re tive manner. Some of the phrases in prepare copy for the Hawaii Tourist
concile divergent opinions, to consider this chapter refer to the early days be Bureau. He gives us a true apprecia
points hitherto inadequately provided for fore the arrival of the missionaries and tion of the Hawaiian people.
but vital to the maintenance of interna may seem objectionable. For example, After reading this new book, one will
tional justice, and in general to define on page 83, he says : "Down to the be better informed as to what Yankees
the social rights and duties of States. lowest depths of depravity," and again have done for America and will carry-
The recommendations of the Commis on page 84, "a social demoralization away a genuine appreciation of what
sion would be presented from time to and decay beyond a parallel, like the the New Englanders have done in
time, in proper from for consideration, to plague of frogs, appeared everywhere." building up communities all over the
the Assembly as to a recommending if The author paid a visit to Honolulu land. —H.P.J.
not a law-making body.

Author's Name Not to be Revealed A Poem By Dan Crawford "Go Te and Lo I am wim You Alway.
Until After Referendum
In order that the vote may be taken
solely upon the merits of the plan, the Query: How can we claim His "Lo" if we ignore His "Go?"
Policy Committee, with the acquiescence
of Mr. Bok, has decided not to disclose
the authorship of the plan until after the III.
referendum, or early in February. The Came the vision of Saint Paul— Came the vision of the years
identity of the author is unknown to the Scene within a Roma hall; Of the lonely pioneers;
members of the Jury of Award and the Face lit up unth holy gladness, Came their sob of hope forlorn
Policy Committee, except one delegated Fcstus twitted him with tnadncss. For the breaking of the morn;
member. "Noble Fcstus, nay not mad, Came the rugged tug of doubt,
But a heart supremely glad; Then, anon, the victor's shout,
Caesar dared not promise so, And the routing of the foe
Christ said "Go," and also "Lo!" 'To Christ's "Go" preluding "Lo!"
Yankees II. IV.
(Continued from page 35)
Came the echo dmvn the ages, Comes the warning of the Lord
strong qualities of the Yankees—their Record true of saintly sages; To the readers of His Word,
love of industry, their emphasis on Came the witness all sublime, His appeal of love and yearning,
solid character, their true thriftiness, Of those conquerors of time. That zve hasten His returning
"the wit to live." resourcefulness, initia Warning us lest we forget
Whether living they or dying,
tive, and the pioneer spirit. That the Christ must tarry yet.
This their shout, all time-defying—
The closing chapters give us an in "Men of God! the sequence's so, While His servants are so slow,
teresting account of the part taken by Ours that 'Go,' and His that 'Lo!'" Forth to "Go" and prove His "Lo!"
the Yankees in the upbuilding of Iowa
V.
and their influence in making this rich
State one of the very finest of the 48, Comes a message from the Throne
a commonwealth in which schools, An.nvering every heathen groan;
churches, healthy community life, and Comes a voice from God's right hand,
a clean civic spirit reflect most credit Word of hope for every land—
ably on the lofty ideals of the Yankee "Go ye into all the world,
pioneers. Let My banner be unfurled,
Widen out your ranks and 'Go.'
The religious and optimistic tone is
And I'll flood them with My 'Lo!'"
to be noted on every page of the book.
T^ocal interest will be aroused in this
volume, because of Chapter 5 entitled,
"Builders of the Back Door of New The Board sent a total of $600—SI 00 DEAR
England." in which Dr. Hill refers to each to four churches which suffered Thank you very much for the yen
the evangelization of Hawaii by the destruction in the Japanese earthquake 200 you and other kind friends sent me
New England missionaries. Six illus of September first, and $100 each to two a few weeks ago through the Kumia
trations of Island life add their bit of Japanese ministers formerly serving Houbu.
local color. There may be some objec under the Hawaiian Board, whose The barracks, which is the parsonage
tion to the term, "The Back Door of homes were demolished at that time. and audience hall, was so far finished
New England," as some of us here look The following is one of the letters of that it could be used for December and
upon Hawaii as the "Front Door of the thanks : so we are now living in the parsonage
42 THE FRIEND February, 1924

which has only the end walls and has 3S!I3il«!I3!s«iI3S3JS35S!*!ia5^^ • .:»_.. * • • V '
to be coated two times more as the
wind and dust are coming through the
crevices continually. It will take two
or three months more to complete the Ice Cream
walls. The bank again fell down in
the quake of the fifteenth, so we are
In 30 Minutes
continually in fear of having another
"shake-up."
-Without Effort
Simply place the prepared
mixture in the AUTO
VACUUM Freezer with a
packing of ice and salt in

YOU the other end—and let

science take its course.

It's the new way—the

NO CRANKING NECESSARY

3 Sizes
$5.25 $6.50
are offered, free of all charge, the ideal way — the sensible
expert advice service of our STOCK way. No parts to get out
$11.00
AND BOND DEPARTMENT. This
department makes a point of obtain
ing the latest and most authentic in
of order, no paddles or
parts to clean, no danger
W-w-[•Dirc\or\d8c(piiD
THE HOUSE Or HOUSEWARES" V
of spoiled ice cream. 53 65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
formation concerning the security
market. This information it is glad
to place at your service, and it will foffflfjftrtiyffftS^m^Q^^gMinQrffi^
cheerfully advise you as to any invest
ments you may contemplate making.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII

M AT HONOLULU
Surplus and Profits $450,000
Capital $500,000

OFFICERS
L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
Trent Trust Co ltd Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier

HONOLULU
United States Government Depositary
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
So to serve that we may continue Cable Transfers.
to serve
ACCOUNTS INVITED

Armco, the Symbol of Economy

A RMCO is the name of the iron that resists rust. If iron can be made
**• to resist rust, the object into the construction of which that iron
enters lasts indefinitely instead of going quickly to pieces. This, of
course, means a saving in money, whether the amount involved is a
million dollars in railway equipment or a hundred in a kitchen range.
Rust has no appreciable effect on absolutely pure iron. Armco is
99.84 per cent pure; that is to say, a commercially pure iron.
The Honolulu Iron Works Company is wholesale distributor for
Armco products in the Territorv of Hawaii.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.
Wholesale Distributors
 °& FRIEND
HONOLULU MARCH. 1924 HAWAII

^Punahou School Uumber

1841 ~ 1924
f-
 The Cover Illustration
HE illustration of Liliha and Boki is
from a lithograph formerly the pro

T perty of Governor George R. Carter

and given by him to the Hawaiian
Mission Children's Society. It was
made in London in the year 1824,
having been copied from the original painting by
John Hayter.
While Liliha and Boki are properly associated
with the gift of the Punahou lands, and were actual
ly enjoying posssesion of them up to the time when
Governor Boki left on his fatal sandalwood ex
pedition in 1829, it is nevertheless true that the
credit for the gift must accrue to the Queen-Regent,
"Good Kaahumanu," who in her later years was an
"undaunted ally of all that tended toward the better
ment of her people."
This is made clear in the historical sketch of early
Punahou which is a feature of this issue of "The
Friend."
"That Kaahumanu was responsible for the gift Is erldent
la the records of testimony before the land commission In
1849. And this Mr. Bingham seems clearly to hare under
stood for he Immediately made her konohikl. Joint adminis
trator, with htmself, aa Judge Judd states: 'Either lest
Liliha In a capricious mood should . . . demand back her
husband's girt, or lest Boki on his return . . . should revoke
his verbal conveyance.' "
 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU, HAWAII, MARCH. 1924 Xo. 3

Punahou s First Half Century

By ETHEL M. DAMON
PUNAHOU, the school, rightly num came Governor of Maui. Hoapili re that they could not hope to keep their
bers its birthdays from 1841, the sided several years at Punahou, near children unaffected by constant contact
year when, with a little day school in the spring, and during the Conqueror's with a primitive people who had no
the old Bingham house there, successor conception whatever of the training of
to a similar one "in Dr. Judd's back children and who had been wilfully
yard" on King Street, work was finally corrupted by rough and unprincipled
begun on the "old E-shaped building" seamen. And heart-rending were the
which did such valiant service for 40 long twenty years during which the
years. Before the actual erection of mission fathers and mothers saw them
buildings, however, comes a story of selves forced to send away little chil
throbbing human interest, in the hopes dren in care of strangers on the long
and fears and prayers of 20 years voyage around Cape Horn, always with
which culminated with the founding of the insistent thought that the separa
the school. Further back than that is tion was certainly for years, and pos
the story of another half century, of sibly forever.
earlier dwellers upon the land itself, a
story meager enough in the scant detail Home Bukvarks Erected
that has come down to us, yet none the With incredible force and energy
less of great historic value and interest. Mother Thurston erected bulwarks
And still further back, beyond the re about her home sanctuary at Kailua,
cord of history, we listen to old tales Hawaii. One might quote page after
and look on this "verdant spot" veiled Queen Kaahumanu page of absorbing reading from her
in the half mist of folklore, for the marvelous account of it all, written in
spring made of it a haunt of beauty her vigorous old age. None of it is
around which the affection and inner second residence on Oahu, from 1804 to more affecting than the story of meet
vision of old Hawaii wove a natural 1811, he also and his wives frequently ing in 1834 with the only other families
cluster of legend and myth. visited this charming retreat. Hoapili
still remaining of the pioneer company
gave Punahou to his daughter Liliha,
Toward these well-watered lands the of missionaries. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney
who married Governor Boki, and after
great Kamehameha, on his conquest of were alone, their four children being
their return from England in 1825, they
Oahu in 1795, turned his practised eye, "far separated from their parents and
trained as he was not only in the art frequently resided here." from each other. Mr. and Mrs. Bing
of war, but also in the peaceful arts ham appeared with two little children.
Linked With Mission
of justice, of husbandry, and of creat Two had been sent home, and two they
ing happiness among his subjects. And Even the most rapid glance at the had laid in their graves. Ourselves,
with lordly gesture he bestowed Ka- long story of Punahou School, how with our four children, alone appeared
punahou as prize of war, together with ever, finds it linked indissolubly with an unbroken family. Mr. Whitney re
the Moanalua lands and others, upon the virile history of the Sandwich marked that his heart never came so
Kameeiamoku, "one of the four great Islands Mission, that first outpost of near breaking as when he sent away
chiefs who had raised him to his Christian civilization in the North his last child. But he said: 'If I had
throne, and who had aided him in all Pacific. These mission pioneers sought not sent away my children, 1835 would
his wars." Even more conspicuous to foster not churches only, not even not find me at the Sandwich Islands'."
was Kameeiamoku "for having cap churches and schools only, but the Other families from later companies of
tured the little schooner Fair American cradle of both. For they came not as missionaries were increasing with old-
and having massacred the crew with celibate priests, but accompanied by de fashioned rapidity. Small wonder, then,
the exception of Isaac Davis, in revenge voted and high-spirited wives whose that the annual deliberations of the
for an outrage committed by Capt. first concern, amid to us unthinkable mission in assembly at Honolulu
Metcalf, of the Eleanor, some months obstacles, was the beauty and dignity throbbed and surged in this extremity.
before. Kameeiamoku died at Lahaina of well-ordered Christian homes. As Every few years some family, ardent
in 1802. and his lands descended to his early as the second year of the mis in its mission work, but increasingly
son Hoapili, the most intimate friend sion, Brother and Sister Ellis from the concerned for the welfare of its chil
of Kamehameha I., who afterwards be- London mission at Tahiti warned them dren, would feel compelled to return
52 THE FRIEND March. 1924.

to the home land. Meanwhile, to those 1830, only a few weeks or months after of the young king, Kamehameha III.
who remained in the field and to those Boki's departure, she had. on the upper The 'big rock' was then exhumed from
who came in the reinforcements in large land near the spring, a comfortable its bed (on the west side of the road
numbers, the problems of building and thatched house erected for herself, and leading to Manoa Valley, opposite the
supporting a school for their own chil near it a smaller one for the Binghams. old 'Cow Pen'), and rolled upon a
dren seemed insurmountable. To protect the Manoa land from graz frame-work of ship's spars. The young
ing cattle she called on the governor, king then seated himself upon the apex
Land Problem Solved Kuakini, to build a long stone wall at of the rock, and gave the word of
its makai side. To mark the boundary, command, when rock, King and all
The question of the necessary land,
at the makai entrance, two large stones were lifted upon the shoulders of the
however, was quietly solving itself.
were set up. The larger of these, Hulumanus—numerous as ants tugging
Queen Kaahumanu, regent of the king
Pohakuloa, was a sacred stone, one at a kernel of corn—and carried down
dom, and undaunted ally of all that
known to bless expectant mothers and to its place." But the end of Pohakuloa
tended toward the betterment of her
to endow their children with wisdom was sad, for in 1866 Dr. Tndd's son
people, desired that a gift of land be
and strength,—a not unfitting symbol makes this record : "This rock exists
made to the Binghams. Hoapili, an old
of education. So sacred was Pohakuloa no longer in its former proportions, but
man in 1829. suggested the Punahou
that none but the king himself could has been broken up by blasts and ham
lands. His daughter Liliha, and Gov.
sanction its removal and for that cere mers, and has contributed largely to
Boki, her husband, who were childless,
mony even the presence of the king the new wall enclosing the lot below
were then enjoying possession of this
was necessary, stripling though he was. the lower gate. This piece of vandal
beautiful tract. Not unnaturally. Liliha
When this dramatic scene was portray ism was perpetrated some time in 1856
demurred at the proposal, but Boki
ed in the 75th anniversary pageant of or 1857. but the name of the guilty
consented. And Liliha's resentment
the founding of Punahou, Kauikeouli author has baffled all our enquiries,
could avail nothing against the wish
springing to the apex of the rock be nor do we wish to know his name."
of her father, of her husband, and of
fore any one of the hulumanu would And all that is left us now is the story
the highest chief in the land. The
venture to lay a hand on it, and when of Pohakuloa, together with a vivid
statement is usually made that before
it was carried along to the accompani description of it from Judge Judd's
leaving on his fatal sandalwood ex
ment of the low chanted monotone, "E keen boyhood memories : "This rock
pedition in 1829. Boki gave the land to
ku a mu niu." (Be still! It is a god!), was a curiosity—about twelve feet high,
Mr. Bingham with Kaahumanu's con
many of "the old Hawaiians in the and weighing several tons, and of the
sent. True this undoubtedly is. yet at
audience were moved with reverential shape of a mammoth kalo. Often have
the same time a little misleading. In
fear and several showed their feelings I climbed to its top and eaten my lunch
1829 Boki was openly hostile to the from my tin-pail thereon, and to mv
in word and protest." The best descrip
mission. In 1820 he and Liliha had
tion of its original moving is by Dr. childish imagination it seemed as high
begged Mr. and Mrs. Bingham to teach
G. P. Judd. who perhaps witnessed the as a church-tower."
them to read, and the effort had been
scene itself. "When Kuakini. alias
gladly made, tho with but little result.
Governor Adams, had called out the Monumental Endeavor
If the gift had come five years later, people of this district to build the wall,
in 1825, after Boki's return from Eng Nor was Mrs. Bingham herself far
he assigned the section adjoining Puna behind the queen-regent in eager effort
land on the "Blonde", when he was hou to the 'Hulumanu,' or body-guard
still impressed with the message of to redeem the land that it might pro
King George IV. given him in a private duce revenue for her husband's church,
interview,' "to take good care of the Kawaiahao. Far-seeing she was, al-
missionaries for they were sent to teach thought her visions were at first "pro
the nation the word of God and to en nounced chimerical" by her husband
lighten them," if indeed the gift of who seems to have seen in that great
Punahou had been made then, credit expanse of land naught but a "cool re
for it might go to Boki. In all fair treat from the heat and dust of Kawaia
ness, however, it should be stated that hao." Had we not the record of this
the good queen, Kaahumanu. was res monumental endeavor in Mrs. Sybil
ponsible for it . This is evident in the Bingham's own hand-writing, in a letter
records of testimony before the land from Massachusetts in 1843, it would
commission in 1849. And this Mr. be difficult indeed to credit the extent
Bingham seems clearly to have under both of her faith and of her achieve
stood, for he immediately made her ment. Considerable quotations from this
konohiki, joint administrator, with him old letter are permissable, not only be
self, "either lest Liliha in a capricious cause it has never before been publish
mood should .... demand back her ed even in part, but also because, in
husband's gift, or lest Boki on his re the restrained and carefully selected
turn .... should himself revoke his phraseology of the day, it gives a rare
verbal conveyance." ly intimate and vivid picture of those
And almost at once the wise Kaahu early days, bringing valuable testimony
manu took measures to place Ka Puna to bear on very interesting points.
hou lands under her guardianship. In Original Survey of Kapunahou Lands, 1848 From the best possible authority we
 March. 1924. THE FRIEND 53

have, coupled with an expression of

Mrs. Bingham's intense love of that
beautiful stretch of land as that of a
keenly sensitive woman for every inch
of her home, the clearest possible state
ment that that dear home, together with
the remotest thought or plan in her
mind, and every fiber of her being were
laid, an unhesitating and wholehearted
sacrifice, upon the altar of duty.
To Mrs. Judd she writes : "Allow
me to wander back over my home, . . .
and the hours of toil which had re
deemed it from the Commons, where
the flocks and herds of foreigners and
natives lawlessly grazed." Not partic Punahou School in 1842—From a Drawing by Rexford Hitchcock
ularly eager was she for the title of
"wahine mahiai" or woman farmer, family demanded constant care and door of this stood on the spot now
she who had the distinction of "making thought. None but Mother Bingham's marked by the Bingham memorial tab
the first half dozen shirts a Hawaiian own facile pen, however, tells so vivid let on which, alas, Mrs. Bingham's
monarch ever possessed, and of gather ly the story of those strenuous days. name is missing. Until old age the
ing the first school Oahu ever saw." "The wall was brought around," the little Hiram Bingham who was born
Yet she saw in this project of reclama old letter continues, "the two great in 1831, retained a vivid memory of
tion "the permanent support of the gates fixed in their places, the road this delightful retreat. At the unveil
preaching of the gospel in the first worked through the center of the field, ing of the memorial tablet in 1905, he
church at Honolulu. 1 was much gra the nine or ten acres ploughed and said : "I can well remember how in
tified," she continues, "to have carried stocked with cane, with no other aid summer days, when the heat was great
the work onward, from the government from the Mission than four Bibles and and we were wont, for a change, to
wall on the Waititi end, till it came in a few small books. A main article was dwell in the humble cottage which
the rear of the building, mauka, before cotton cloth, which indeed I had the stood here, an older sister and myself
it drew his (her husband's) attention privilege of taking at Depository prices. used to start out on foot to cross the
at all. . . . Many a bundle of ti-leaf I Much of this I cut up with my own dusty and arid plain two miles to Ka-
provided, the days I was favored with hands, and aided native women, or they waiahao to attend the little mission
the team." And many a pious pilgrim aided me, in making into shirts, 40 or school held in Ur. Judd's back yard,
age did her weary feet make at the end 50, which those who wrought for wages the germ of this college. Memory-
of long, hot days up the steep stair received at village price—a dollar and goes back sixty-six years to the de
way of the new coral house (still stand a half—making something of a little lights of this refreshing spot, where,
ing on King Street) to the rooms then sum. Very much of the labor on the after the long weary walks of the day,
used by Brother Chamberlain as secular land . . . was gratuitous. To me there I was wont to meet a mother's wel
agent of the mission for the mission was a fitness in that, regarding it, in come, and to refresh myself, not in this
store, or depository as it was called. anticipation at least, as the inheritance magnificent bathing tank so near at
Sometimes her quest was in vain, but of the congregation. The progressive hand, but in an artificial pond orig
on other days she "was favored" with steps were not indeed most closely de inally constructed by my father for
the loan of the team of oxen for the fined, nor was I sanguine that we our purposes of irrigation, but since then
next day's work on her Punahou farm. selves would be allowed to see the used by many generations of students
In the morning, her mind filled with thing fully carried out. The first two as a place for bathing. It was just
"the expediency of enclosing that sin acres, immediately surrounding the over there, only a few rods away and
gularly verdant spot in the midst of house, were somewhat singularly fed from the same spring as the bath
that parched plain," the little caravan wrought—done by female hands, my ing tank of today. I remember with
would set out from the village, "having own having a share in the service many what delight I used to paddle about in
my three children in charge and Keawe, a toilsome, though pleasant hour. Be my boat, only a box, in a fresh pond
my cook." Sometimes remaining sev ginning at the lanai of the house we close to the spring. I remember how
eral days, but more often returning at went onward, with some hoomanawanui I was wont to stroll in the cool shady
night-fall to the dusty town, the three (patience) indeed, till old walls were spots so romantic to me in childhood
children of those expeditions kept for levelled, and taro-beds, and deep pits, among the banana trees which grew
many years the memory of "the grass from which bricks (adobe blocks) had by the side of the taro patches ; how in
cottage put up for us by Kaahumanu, been made, were raised, and the smooth this cottage we children eagerly listen
by the side of one erected for herself rich surface of the whole stocked with ed to the reading of the "Rollo Books"
on that elevated part of the land." and cane and its entire border planted with when they first appeared, and how we
kept as long as they lived the recollec bananas." rejoiced over the toys as one by one
tion of their mother's ceaseless activity, Later, for grass houses are not long- they we're taken from the box just ar
stupendous for a woman whose health lived, Mr. Bingham erected an adobe rived from around Cape Horn." And
was never robust and whose increasing cottage with roof of thatch. The makai as Judge Dole still testifies, the little
54 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

adobe cottage, which meant so much to expense of transporting so many chil Judds, three Parkers, and two Rich
the Bingham children as well as to dren to a common center at Honolulu. ards. Small wonder that several fa
their parents, rendered then unthought Yet again, however, there is need for milies, well established in their mission
of service for over thirty years. sacrifice and severe financial retrench work, felt the call to return to the
ment, and again the subject is deferred. land of their fathers. The American
Time for School not Ripe "Themselves men of liberal educa Board, on learning this, made the neces
For while the pros and cons of a tion," these pioneer missionaries felt sary grant, a large one for those days,
local school for mission children were keenly for their sons and daughters the and a start was finally made. Mr.
still being eagerly discussed, the mis significance of this bitter privation. In Tinker, declining the principal ship of
sion in general assembly that year, 1840 the mission was twenty years old. the new school, returned to the United
1831, resolved prayerfully that the States with his family. On account
time was not yet ripe and that recourse Experiment Agreed Upon of Mrs. Bingham's failing health, the
must still be had for an indefinite All were agreed that "an experiment Binghams also went back to New Eng
period to the long separations and the should be made at Punahou." With no land ; but long before leaving Mr. Bing
generosity of friends on the other side more definite prospect ahead, however, ham had, like Mr. Tinker, noted in re
of the world. The first recorded hint Mother Thurston packed up her four gard to Punahou "its remarkable adap
of Punahou as a possibility is given in children and accompanied them around tation for the site of a school, and had
that same year in the name of Brother the Horn herself. And as late as Sep offered it to the Mission," having "fully
Tinker who, one day, when riding past tember of 1842, Father Alexander wrote approved of its being set apart for that
the scene of Mrs. Bingham's activities, from his isolated station at Waioli on purpose."
remarked to Brother Baldwin, "That, the northern coast of Kauai : "I was
sir, is the site of the future college." surprised to find no allusion in your Visible Beginnings
letter to our school at Punahou for our The year 1840, therefore was the
Night Blooming Cereus Planted children, a school in whose prosperity year of visible beginnings. At the
But for several years, with growing I feel the deepest interest, for without General Meeting of the Mission it was
anxieties, the good fathers leave un- it the attention which many of us must voted to establish a school for boys
mentioned in their reports the subject bestow on our rising families must ma and girls at Punahou and to expend
as keenly alive in their minds as the terially cripple our missionary labors." the sum of $1000 for buildings. A
passionate interest in their regular mis His oldest son, William Dewitt, destin committee consisting of Brethren Judd,
sion work. In 1834 a committee gath ed to be president of Punahou in the Castle and Lowell Smith was appoint
ers statistics on the expense of support sixties, was already over nine years old, ed to execute the plans. But even with
ing children both under and over and two other little brothers were not this momentum a final delay was re
twelve years of age. Meanwhile, the far behind him, with a small sister gistered. For lack of a teacher, no
great stone walls at Punahou are taking pressing for notice. Three Armstrong further step was taken until the spring
shape, that along the present Punahou children were waiting for that first of the following year when Mr. and
street built by Brethren Hall and class at Punahou, four Chamberlains, Mrs. Dole arrived. Miss Marcia Smith
Dimond, Sister Hall and Sister two Emersons, two Forbes, five Gu- was appointed to assist them, and at
Dimond, it is said, making "numerous licks, one Hall, three Hitchcocks, three last the little school "in Dr. Judd's
pairs of gloves to save their hands
while laying up the wall." And Mrs.
Bingham continues her careful super
vision of the "hoahanau" or church
members on the wall on the southeast
boundary. The world-famed night-
blooming cereus now covering those
walls was said by Mrs. Lydia Bingham
Coan to have been set out there orig
inally by her mother who had received
a few branches of the vine at the hands
of a traveler from Mexico. And by
1837, resolutions in the General Meet
ing take such definite shape that the
committee reports on an estimated ex
penditure of $5,350 for the buildings
and maintenance for one year at Puna
hou of a small establishment for thirty
boys. But yet again the vote is for
delay until a teacher can be secured.
At the next meeting two years later,
the urgency being still greater, a com
promise is sought in discussing the ex
pediency of establishing a smaller
school on each island, to obviate the Old School Hall and the Famous Bus in the 70's and 80s
 March, 1924. THE FRIEND 55
back yard" at the Mission was trans came, doubtless, many a problem and
planted to the Bingham cottage at hardship. The smaller children were
Punahou, and ground was soon broken brought to school each day by Father
for the cellar of "the first permanent Chamberlain's old wagon and white
building." In its form, with two nar horse, but the larger town boys struck
row courts enclosed partly by three out across "the shimmering, tree-less
wings, this first edifice might have plain, (which was) bare except for the
furnished material for the fifth letter creeping nohu with its prickly burrs."
of a new symbolic primer in which, if Later companions on this daily walk
the letter A stood for Assiduity, Alex to and fro speak of encountering, and
anders, Andrews and Armstrongs, B for passing over, bare-footed, unending
Bravery, Binghams, Baldwins, Baileys crawling masses of caterpillars. The
and Bonds, C for Caution, Castles, boarder boys, under the guidance of
Chamberlains, Clarks, Coans and Cookes, Father Rice, spent an hour of the fore
D for Duty, Dibbles, Dimonds and noon and the time of the late afternoon
Doles ; E most assuredly symbolized until "seven stars could be seen" in out
EDUCATION, with a wise admixture door work which resulted in much of
of Enterprise, Energy, and Emersons. the fruit and vegetables for the house
It was, in fact, the famous old E-shaped hold. Some of them, confessing in
building with "its adobe walls made of later years that they would gladly have
good Punahou soil, its timbers and shirked this out-door duty, admit too
rafters out of the Manoa forests, its that it was one of the most valuable
roofs of thatch from the sides of sides to their education. The "littler"
Kound Top, and its plastered and Front Cover of an Early Manuscript boys really felt, sometimes, that they
whitewashed exterior and interior from Magazine had just cause for resentment when
the coral limestone and beach sand of they were gathered into Mrs. Rice's
the Kewalo reefs." The Mission set shiftlessness, and labored to impress sewing class with the girls to help make
aside $2000 for buildings, and appoint upon us a sense of the inestimable quilts for the pioneer missionaries to
ed as the first Board of Trustees value of time. Pains was also taken the Oregon Indians. At noon, Father
Brethren Armstrong, Chamberlain, Dole. to eradicate any self-conceit or undue Dole standing watchful guard, the boys
Emerson and Judd. self-assertion on the part of the young would rush up to the beloved pond,
sters." And of the first president the eager for a plunge to stir up the mud
First Session same pupil says: "I would fain pay a for the town boys who were obliged to
On July 11, 1842 fifteen of the mis tribute to the memory of the founder, await their turn. For many were the
sion children took their seats in the who planted the germ and nurtured it battles, and bitter, between Punahou
first session of Kapunahou School. Be through its period of poverty and ob boys "to the manner born" and the
fore the end of the year thirty-four scurity, Rev. Daniel Dole, the ripe despised "townies". On Sundays there
were in attendance,- thus more than scholar, the patient instructor, the was the long walk (before the advent
justifying the estimate for accommoda Christian gentleman, the results of of the bus) to and from the Bethel
tions. In 1844 four new rooms were whose labors speak for him better than Chapel in town, followed by attempts
added, and two much beloved teachers, any words of mine." The characteriza in the evening to recite the "heads" of
Mr. and Mrs. Rice from the station at tion of Father and Mother Rice is the sermon to Miss Smith who would
Hana, Maui, came to make their home equally good : "The practical and busi send delinquents of all sorts to sit on
at Punahou. The first decade of the ness side of education was attended to her green trunk until she could pay
school was, as well as many of the by Father Rice, who gave us object them the individual attention which
later ones, filled with "plain living and lessons in diligence, economy and they seemed to merit. Many are the
high thinking." The journals and let thrift, as well as the example of a stories that are told,—of wearing three
ters of those early pupils throb with noble, unselfish life. With him came pairs of pants when a whipping was
the eager endeavor to be worthy of all a gentle and gracious companion, with judged imminent; of the old green
that was being done for them ; some, her refining and elevating influence, desks in the school room between the
showing the natural result of isolated who brought something of 'sweetness two courts; of the famous debating
and over-stimulated childhood, refer to and light' into our narrow and seclud society in James Alexander's room, its
the writers themselves, all under twelve ed life, and taught us lessons of price record book now in safe-keeping with
years of age, as "vile worm and thrice less value, which could not be learned other treasurers in the Punahou library;
black-hearted sinner." But all of them from books." of the tamarind tree planted near the
are wide awake, delighted in their work house in 1842, which is still standing
as a rule, and taking keen pleasure in Charm of Simplicity near Bingham Hall ; of Father Dole's
the rare joy of a Saturday's tramp For us of the sophisticated twentieth red ruler; of Father Damon spelling
among the hills. Of the early roster of century there clings about those early down the whole school in the annual
teachers it is fitting that W. D. Alex days a charm of simplicity and free "exhibition" on the word "separate";
ander should speak : "Our devoted and dom, which to a certain extent did in of the love letters passed behind books ;
indefatigable matron, Miss Marcia deed exist; but to that handful of earn of secret expeditions to Rocky Hill
Smith, had an intense abhorrence of est teachers and eager children there caves in search of ghosts and wooden
56 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

idols ; of the talks on stars ; of the

''little birds who can sing and won't
sing, but must be made to sing" ; of
the bunches of green bananas buried
1
to make them ripen; of the intense joy
(tlft Punal)ovi &q*z.ftti
over letters and bundles from homes
on other islands,—stories which would Nsi. Van
take a lifetime to re-tell. It was a
happy, busy life, a "unique experiment
in education," which drew to itself the
notice of strangers in California and c/At., aa
}/2%Si/i/L4''i'l'eH'.
Oregon so that many a child was sent
across the Pacific to Punahou from
those pioneer settlements as yet touched
by no railroad and dignified by no
schools other than the few scattered \#t»Z.' i%^-l%1
ft^-lilt/.
ones for Indians.
f iimM.. t**"U-
Jltut tt.fi u> tie, £^£J.
First Government Survey
In 1848 the first government survey Je ■&."*j2**tim^ J*J#J, >"yW«<^ Jf Am,

was made of the approximately 100

acres in the original grant of land.
Suw£. 4*<s putt/ foj^jC, *dii/! €*t, &u* -tun.^/;
With 1849 the school obtained its first
charter of incorporation from the gov JK-IK.. j£j^ -&a.J &£i 6>Oj du.y>aAJ;
ernment. This same year Punahou pur
chased from the government over 200 n /V<■ /Vf
r /• I IJ /J AS4.<£.
f-—i—
acres of land including Uala Kaa, or
Rocky Hill pasture, and the Manoa /,*/,/, /,&y/ f*^'-^ vfijti'L u uTy'4 ,
Wood lot. In 1851 the school was fjii. rrftsi da.i. s7.-meY&. <*-. *LC4.7.t.ttA^Ac
formally opened to other than mission
children, for with the imminence of a
reduction on liquors in the legislature
it was judged wise to spread the in Xftrt.Wi ladcAjUZ /rMJ /Ul. alow At*M Jttlt £t, ft. i^.'t'/ /)•><■/& fd'a.tJ
fluence of Punahou's standards as far
j^iro iff flirt *v t^zia**.* ivt.-c-a-^J i/et-Jt Y <i w*£-
as possible. It is true that a few other
children had attended even in the earli 'fa ffitL 4-taAJ - ikeJliiJ' /Ail, lis- ■'■-, ' ■
est years, but the practice was not gen m/A I/ ■ / •*■
Jl/f. fa.- 7zA
eral. The next year 51 volumes were
added to the library, and the new (now ***A. &*M?. <M,.
the Old) School 'Hall was built of
stone quarried from Rocky Hill. In An Early Essay in Manuscript Journalism
1853 the first registered title to the
Punahou lands was conveyed by Royal
Patent to the American Board, and cause of education throughout the two of the trustees until 1901 in con
that same year a new and enlarged Islands." In 1857 an attempt was sideration of a second large grant of
charter was issued by the government made, which continued for several years land. The following year, when Presi
to "the Trustees of the Punahou School and has not ceased even in our own dent Mills resigned, the school had
and Oahu College," marking a new day, to establish an endowment fund been brought up "from a position of
venture "the plans of which." Gen. for the young college. And the follow partial dependence on the American
Armstrong tells us, "were discussed in ing year the American Board discon Board to a self-supporting basis."
my father's study in the Old Stone tinued the payment of salaries and other
maintenance which it had met since Generosity and Foresight
House," the same old stone house that
thirty years later became the home the founding of the school, but pro Yet never, even with large gifts, has
of the Punahou Preparatory School. ceeded on the new basis of allowing Punahou been in more than a strug
The president of the new college. Rev. $50 a year for five years for each child gling condition as to endowment and
E. G. Beckwith, had for several years of missionaries in the employment of never have the pupils returned in tuition
had charge of the Royal School whence the Board. 1859 was memorable for the value received in instruction and
some of "his boys" followed him devot the expedition conducted by the presi maintenance. This only serves to en
edly to Punahou. W. D. Alexander, dent for twenty of his boys to the great hance, however, the generosity and
one of those under him at Punahou, lava flow of that year on Hawaii. In foresight of its donors, among whom
writes that he "proved himself not 1860 Mr. Mills succeeded Mr. Beckwith must be noted : first, the American
merely a teacher, but a born educator," as president, and two articles were Board of Commissioners for Foreign
giving a well-defined impulse "to the added to the charter, the King to name Missions by whose agency it was
 March, 1924. THE FRIEND 57

_ -say •.- *5» manifestly unsound, it contains a germ

*h of truth. The second quarter-century
covers a slow, steady development : the
addition of books to the cramped and
inadequate library; an endowment of
$3000 for the salary of the president ;
the further addition of $21,000 to the
general endowment from the sale of
makai lots ; improvements on Old
School Hall; the celebration of the 40th
anniversary in 1881 ; a contribution of
$30,000 to the building fund and the
erection of Bingham Hall on the site
of the original school house; the crea
Punahou School in 1863— From a Drawing by Harriet Baldwin Damon
tion of a new department in town for
grammar grades in Old Stone House
at the head of Richards Street, purchas
founded ; Queen-regent Kaahumanu, and Gulick for his mission school at
ed from the Catholic Church ; the erec
through her Governor Boki and the Waialua, the purchase of the only
tion of Science Hall and another large
Binghams ; the Government of the Ha kuleana in the original land grant and donation by C. R. Bishop ; the building
waiian Kingdom, and latterly the King also of fourteen acres makai of the of the new president's house, now su
himself who endowed the chair of lower pasture, the acquisition of two perseded, south of Bingham Hall; and
Science in 1884; that trio so well omnibuses (of sacred memory), as also finally the boon of a swimming tank,
characterized by Rev. O. H. Gulick, of a small printing press for the Puna gift of G. N. Wilcox and H. P. Bald
the oldest student in Punahou's first hou Journal, and finally the celebration win.
class : "Mr. James Hunnewell, a mer of the 25th anniversary of the found
chant prince of Boston, Judge William During its first fifty years Punahou
ing of the school. Under Presidents
Kee of Western New York, and the was a quiet force in the upbuilding of
Church, Pratt, Jones, Merritt and Hos-
boon companion of his youth, Mr. a new community which differed wide
mer, the now well-established school
Charles R. Bishop, of matchless bounty, ly from the isolated, primitive village
completed its second quarter-century
and faithful love for Hawaii." Beside of 1841. In the 75th anniversary page
and celebrated its semi-centennial in
these supporters of the young school, ant of Punahou's history one family at
1891.
there were numerous friends in New least was represented by four genera
If historical periods, which are so
England who had never seen Hawaii, tions, all of whom were, or had been,
slow of growth that we note them, not
but believed in its future, and in ad pupils of the school, grandmother,
in the passing, but only when they are
dition, the most natural donors of latter daughter, granddaughter, and great-
well past, can ever be said to be mark
years, not only the fathers and mothers ed by a single date or event, it might grandson. The relation which Puna
of the mission, but also their children, be safe to say that Old Punahou end hou bears to us all is a very intimate
old Punahou boys and girls, who look ed with its fiftieth birthday, and that and personal one. It may well be that
back in great numbers to the struggles on that day, which many of us remem the tracing of her history is of value to
of their Alma Mater and the generous ber, the New Punahou sprang into ex outsiders. To kamaaina, children of
gifts which she held out to them. istence. But while such a statement is the soil, it is of acute concern. With

Forward Steps
During the administration of Presi
dent Mills water was for the first time
piped from the spring to the buildings
and fountains in the courts, an advan
tage undreamed of twenty years earlier.
Also, the first piano made its appear
ance, a sweet marvel still recalled by
boys and girls of the Civil War period.
In 1863, the American Board, on relin
quishing official connection with the
Mission which it considered full-fledged
and capable of self-support, likewise
transferred the title of the original 130
acres at Punahou to the trustees of the
school. The administration of Presi
dent Alexander, from 1865 to 1871,
marked a steady advance in scholarship.
Details which he records were the sale
of the old green school desks to O. H. An Informal View of the "Bus"
58 THE FRIEND March. 1924.

love and admiration we see the school Pilgrims of Hawaii by Rev. and Mrs. O. H. Hawaiian Yesterdays by Dr. H. M. Lyman.
Gulick.
go forward. With keen regret and the Hawaiian Folk Tales compiled by Thos. G. Culture and Life, an address to the Trus
frank comment of a large family we Thrum. tees by Rev. E. G. Beckwith.
chide its mistakes. And with one ac
cord we applaud Dr. Beckwith's state
ment, in 1884, of its unique place in
the life of this island community: "1
counsel you to put your wealth into it
(Punahou) more and more bountifully.
There is no safer investment. Not once
in a hundred times is the endowment
of such an institution squandered.
There is no better paying investment.
It returns, a hundred fold, in the in
creased wealth, the multiplied resources,
and the effective power, as well as in
the grander character of the people.
And then there is no other place where
it will give you such joy and do you
such honor. I envy the man with the
means and the heart to link his name
with the grandest and most permanent
enterprise in all this island kingdom.
I say, the most permanent. For noth
ing else but the Church of Christ lives
so long as the colleges and the univer
sities. Households come and are gone.
Commercial enterprises come and are
gone. Royal dynasties come and are
Boys' Court of the Old Building with Rice Hall at the Back
gone. But great universities come and
stay, spanning the generations, span
ning the dynasties, spanning the cen
turies. Happy the men whose bounty Tne Last Thirty Years at Punahou
and whose names are in such per By FLORENCE HALL MACINTYRE
petual keeping." TO have attended the Punahou present a lonesome appearance, for its
Jubilee in 1891 and to return and two wings—the original Dole and Rice
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
visit the School now, after an absence Halls—and the kitchen ell have been
The limits of such a historical sketch of thirty odd years, would be an in torn down. The two-story building
as the foregoing naturally preclude all teresting and rather thrilling experi which was the home of the President
detailed reference. Yet, even with a ence. Outwardly very few familiar and which stood near Bingham Hall,
punctilious use of quotation marks, the sights would greet the eye, and these has been removed to the extreme Wai-
writer feels bound to make acknowl would be familiar, yet different. Rocky kiki corner of the present campus,
edgment of the indispensable aid af Hill still stands, it is true, but with formerly a remote and deserted spot.
forded by earlier histories and memor cottages clustering at its base and the Bishop Hall of Science is as little
anda. Among these are the athletic field a center of interest on its changed in appearance as anything on
Historical Address by Judge Judd at the lower slopes, it no longer has the the grounds, though it, too, has lost
25th anniversary in 1866. an old neighbor, the cozy, vine-covered
Historical Memoranda by Prof. Alexander old charm of isolation which attracted
at the 40th anniversary in 1881, and the youth of a generation ago. Tiny "Octagon" cottage. Gone are the old
other essays from the same reliable palms set out by Mr. Hosmer have swimming-tank and buildings and the
source at the 25th, 50th and 65th anni old stables and spring-house. So much
versaries in 1866, 1891 and 1906. grown to stately trees lining the older
Historical Address by Judge S. B. Dole at driveways. On the other hand, dozens for the buildings of thirty years ago.
the dedication of Pauahi Hall in 1896. of kiawes, notably the two ancient It is hard to realize that everything
Historical Addresses by Hon. W. R. Castle guardians of the main entrance, have else on the campus has been part of
and Hon. L. A. Thurston at the 75th an
niversary in 1916. bowed their heads to recent storms and the steady growth of more recent
Address by Rev. Hiram Bingham II at the no longer cast their delicate and grate years.
unveiling of the Bingham tablet in 1905. ful shade over the lawns.
Private letters and other accounts gen Fificth Anniversary
erously given by many of the early stu
dents. Old Buildings The celebration of the fiftieth anni
Testimony before the Land Commission in
1849 by John Ii and Z. Kaauwai. Old School Hall, the main recitation versary of the founding of Punahou
Minutes of the General Meeting of the building in the early nineties, is still was a most happy event. It brought
Sandwich Islands Mission from 1831 to standing, but shorn of its verandas together many alumni and friends,
1863. and restored to its earlier form of stimulated their interest and presented
The Life and Times of Lucy G. Thurston
by Herself. simple dignity. Bingham Hall would an opportunity for laying before them
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 59

ball was first played in Hawaii at Puna

hou in the early nineties.
We notice that the tuition, until then
$1.00 per week for high school and
grammar grades, was in 1895 reduced
to 50c a week in the grades !
In his final report, President Hos
mer strongly advocated the establish
ment of a department of manual train
ing, chiefly from an educational point
of view, and also that an assistant
science teacher be employed to teach
agricultural chemistry, as there was
local need for study of agricultural
problems. He also recommended the
adoption of a general building plan for
the future, a vision of our present block
plan prompted by the realization that
Pauahi Hall, then only a few years
old, would soon be outgrown.
Punahou lost on President Hosmer's
retirement, a wise executive, ever for
ward-looking, with a keen understand
Old Punahou Campus
ing of Punahou's obligation to serve the
community. The student activities
the vision of a greater Punahou. Gifts these dreams. During the few years which he encouraged developed school
of almost $60,000 during that year following may be noted the formation spirit and laid the foundation for work
opened up possibilities for growth and of an orchestra, a glee club and Col and play so ably built upon by his
gave President Hosmer, then in his lege Y.M.C.A. ; the beginnings of a successors. His ideas were so pro
first year of office, the means of gressive that some of his suggestions
library with 4,000 volumes and of an
broadening the usefulness of the school. have but recently been adopted, after
Art Collection of paintings and sculp
During his term of ten years, Puna twenty years.
ture; the establishment of the Damon
hou took a decided step forward. The
need for training the students in great Fund for rhetorical prizes; the intro Short Term of Arthur G. Smith
er measure to meet life here in Hawaii duction of courses in proof-reading,
The term of the next President,
on graduation began to be felt. A gen shorthand, civics and parliamentary
Arthur M. Smith, was of only two
erous gift of $55,000 from Mr. Charles law ; the addition of an Art Depart years' duration, hardly long enough for
R. Bishop, that good friend of Puna ment. It was during this decade that the working out of any new plans.
hou, was made with the wish that the first athletic teams for girls were During this time the erection of the
mechanical trades, agriculture, com organized, and during the first year new Preparatory Building, Charles R.
mercial work and physical culture be they played basketball and tennis. Foot Bishop Hall, was accomplished and the
introduced. The following year a busi
ness department was added and a sew
ing class organized.
At that time, following the eight
preparatory grades there was a five-
year course instead of four years of
high school work. At the close of
President Hosmer's term in 1900 he
strongly recommended the adoption of
a regular four year high school course
with special graduate work offered for
those not planning to go to the main
land to college.

A Vision of Today
A glance at the outstanding features
of President Hosmer's term and at his
final recommendations, shows that he
had a vision of the Punahou of today.
The dedication in 1906 of Pauahi Hall,
a gift of Mr. Charles R. Bishop, made
possible the realization of some of Pres. Hosmer and Fraulein Hasforth in a Conveyance of the Nineties
 THE FRIEND March, 1924.
60
quick succession
to create the
greater Punahou
of today.
Among the en
tirely new build
ings erected
were the Presi
dent's house ;
Castle and Dole
Halls, to be used
a s dormitories :
Rice Hall for
dormitory, din
ing and social
use ; Cooke Li
brary Building,
followed a few
years later by
the addition of
Cooke Art Gal
lery, containing
some rare can
vasses. An an
nex to Charles
R. Bishop Hall,
greatly enlarg
The Pergola
ing the housing
of the Elemen
Kindergarten and eight grades were school situation, which makes our edu tary School, was added at about this
moved from the old Armstrong Home cational problems unique, Punahou has time. Other gifts which helped to
at the head of Richards Street to these a responsibility in serving the public transform the campus were the S. T.
new quarters. This was a plan agreed which is perhaps unparalleled in private Alexander athletic field and tennis-
upon during Mr. Hosmer's presidency. schools elsewhere in the United States. courts.
The shortening of the high school The high standards which the Trustees The removal of the old President's
course to four years, also recommend house opened up the lawns about the
feel they are bound to maintain in the
ed by Mr. Hosmer, was inaugurated Bingham memorial tablet, erected in
policies of the school, the teaching
under Mr. Smith. The term "Acad 1905 on the spot originally occupied bv
force, and the physical equipment, call the home of the generous donors of
emy," suggested for this section of the
for a large expenditure of funds. At Punahou's spreading acres.
school, did not become popular at this
time. In fact, the moving spirits the same time, the necessity for making The historic spring, which gave its
among the boys so far resented the Punahou available for the greater part name to this section of Honolulu, now
proposed name that they placed across of the citizen population, means keep became a center of interest within a
the front of Pauahi Hall one night, the ing the tuition as low as possible. group of new buildings, and the alumni
sign "Smith's Academy" in three-foot This creates a problem, but the good undertook to enhance its appearance bv
letters. The term was dropped, but in judgment of the President, backed by erecting a pergola over the spot. This
the last few years this division of the an able Finance Committee, and as soon became a thing of beauty cover
school has been called "Punahou Acad sisted by many generous gifts in en ed with the red bougainvillea and fac
emy." This period saw the laying out dowment and equipment, has brought ing the lily pond.
of the College Hills tract of residence Punahou through a period of remark The growth of the school made it
lots in Manoa Valley, the section of able growth in spite of the trying years necessary to remodel Old School Hall
land which had been the upper Puna of the War and the readjustment fol for the Music School, and Bingham
hou pasture. Many lots were sold by lowing it. It has been, however, neces Hall as a recitation and office build
the College during the next few years. sary to increase the tuition several ing. Pauahi Hall was also improved
times, owing to the increased scale of by enlarging the assembly room and
Prcs. Griffiths Begins Long Term expenses generally prevailing. utilizing the former library for classes
In September 1902, President A. F. During 1904, gifts amounting to and rest-room.
Griffiths began his long and successful $70,000 for new dormitories ushered in
New Equipment
term as head of the school organiza a period of real reconstruction. Other
tion. The rapid growth and changing gifts followed and during the next few During the last few years of Mr.
conditions in Honolulu are reflected in years the campus was transformed. Griffiths' presidency, other important
the development of Punahou during the Old structures were torn down, moved additions to the physical equipment of
following years. Owing to the local or remodelled, while new ones rose in the school were the beautiful tiled
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 61

swimming tank, a memorial to Eliza proved to be an efficient working unit and the pupils grouped as follows :
beth P. Waterhouse of the class of of the school, as well as promoting a Elementary School, Grades 1, 6; Junior
1922. and near it. the erection of the closer union of school and home. Academy, Grades 7 and 8 and Fresh
first unit of Griffiths Mall, containing In 1915, following the general move man Class ; Senior Academy, Sopho
locker and dressing rooms for girls. ment for preparedness awakened by the more, Junior and Senior Classes. This
That this building bears the name of War, military instruction under a U.S. arrangement groups the pupils in con
our beloved Mr. Griffiths is most ap Army Officer was introduced for boys formity with their physical and psycho
propriate. The problem of developing in the Academy. At this time also the logical development and follows the na
the physical side of the Punahou girl annual physical examination of every tural divisions of the curriculum.
was one very near his heart, and he pupil became the rule. The reorganization in 1919 of the
worked consistently toward its solution. Another decided improvement was Punahou Music School under a board
The adoption of the block plan for the serving of hot cafeteria lunches, of directors appointed by the Corpora
the future development of the campus and many day-pupils take advantage of tion, and the development of the Puna
was a step which will mean that future this feature. The inspection of each hou Business School along new and
growth will be along definite and con tray by the school dietitian was a sug more practical lines show the trend to
sistent lines. With the probability that gestion of the Mothers' Association and wards specialization for efficiency.
the next few years will see the erection it is no longer possible for pupils to
of Dillingham Hall and of the build get away with lunches composed of pie Events of 1920
ings made necessary by the J. B. Castle and baseballs, or equally unbalanced The year 1920 marked the 100th An
Trust Fund, it has come none too soon. combinations. niversary of the landing of the Mission
So much for the visible changes in aries. The celebration of this event
Punahou during President Griffiths' Set >enty-fifth Ann h 'ersa ry brought to Honolulu leading educators
term. There was also during this One of the happy events of this from all parts of the United States.
period a steady and progressive growth period was the celebration in 1916 of The conferences held during Centennial
of student activities and other organiza Punahou's 75th birthday. To commem Week proved an inspiration to local
tions connected with the school. orate this anniversary an historic page teachers and gave the parents a better
When Mr. Griffiths became President, ant, written by Miss Ethel Damon, was understanding of what modern methods
school organizations were limited to the presented on Alexander Field. It was of education mean for their children.
Athletic Association, the Hui Pauahi, an inspiring spectacle, produced in the Punahou could not help but be affected
a group of students working along lines spirit of reverence and to honor the by this inspiring exchange of ideas,
of social service, the Debating Club labors of those who had given of them and the recent tendency to broaden the
and the Oahuan, a monthly publication selves for the cause of education in curriculum and better adapt it to de
edited and managed by pupils. The Hawaii-Nei. During the celebration, veloping the individual capabilities of
acquisition of a teacher of Oral Ex Lorrin A Thurston delivered an able the pupils has been in line with the
pression encouraged the Dramatic Club, address entitled "Punahou's Duty and principles endorsed at that time.
whose function was to present plays Opportunity." He put in plain words Mr. Griffiths, who had not been well
for the edification of fellow students a number of problems of Punahou and for some months, found it necessary in
and friends. The grow'th of school of Hawaii, especially the race problem 1921 to turn over his more active
spirit and initiative among the students as it affects education, our responsi duties to his assistant. The following
is indicated by the addition, during the bility to the foreigner within our gates, year he was forced by ill health to
years that followed, of Ka Punahou, a and the necessity that Punahou instill give up the Presidency of Punahou.
weekly which supplanted the Oahuan, in its pupils the spirit of service. He With deep regret the Trustees accept
the Junior and Senior Student Councils, paid a splendid tribute to the unselfish ed his resignation. Soon after, on
the Junior Crusaders, Boys' Science devotion to service of the Missionaries, June 12th. came the news that death
Club, Domestic Science Club and the founders of Punahou. had overtaken Mr. Griffiths who was
Tennis Club. In 1918 the school was reorganized in California on his way East. This
Mothers'
Association
Formed
A very important
step forward was the
organization in 1914
of the Punahou Moth
ers' Association, which
later grew into the
Parent-Teacher Asso
ciation, now affiliated
with the national or
ganization. This es
tablished a clearing
house for trouble
some questions in the
minds of parents and
Elizabeth Waterhouse Memorial Tank
teachers, and has
62 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

sad news cast a shadow not only over of excavating and concreting the base agriculture. Additional courses in
Punahou but over the community of ment of Castle Hall for this purpose, household arts have been added.
which he had been a loved and hon and made the heavier fittings, the girls We have looked back over a period
ored citizen. The Sunday following helping with furnishings more in their of thirty years, with its inspiring re
his death a simple and impressive line. cord of growth. During the Jubilee
memorial service was held at Punahou, The J. B. Castle Trust is still an year there was a total enrollment of
in which Trustees, teachers and pupils other means of encouraging a respect 218 in all departments. This year 1,000
united in paying tribute to his memory. for manual labor. The income from pupils attend classes in numerous re
Those of us who were Mr. Griffiths' this fund was made available during citation buildings on the enlarged
pupils felt that he was our personal President Hauck's first year at Puna campus. These hundreds of young
friend, equally ready to help us over hou, and has been used to enlarge the people bring to the Punahou of today
our difficulties or commend us for our Manual Arts Department by adding a greater responsibility and a broader
successes. The prosperity of Punahou courses in automotive mechanics and opportunity for service.
during his twenty years' Presidency in
dicates the confidence which the friends
of the school had in his administration
of its affairs.
Punahou and the Future
By ARTHUR A. HAUCK, Prc.ident
Pres. Arthur A. Hauck kept pace with the educational demands
of the day. With the material growth
In September 1922 Arthur A. Hauck
of the territory, have come new de
assumed the duties of President of
Punahou School. He came to his new mands upon Punahou to provide better
and more modern facilities for educa
position with experience which quali
tion. The material demands have been,
fied him to continue the development of
and must continue to be met through
the school along lines best suited to
serve the young people of today. In the generosity of alumni and friends in
the short time since his arrival he has gifts for endowment, improved grounds
won the friendship and admiration of and buildings. This support and the
the students and justified the confidence unselfish and intelligent service of trus
placed in him by the Trustees when tees, school officers and teachers have
they called him to succeed Mr. Grif made possible the Punahou of today,
fiths. a modern school applying to its op
eration the best in modern educational
The Joy of Service practice.
Upon this foundation shall be built
He is such an enthusiastic worker
the future Punahou. It is hoped that
himself that he has us all working—
many of the plans and policies of
trustees, alumni, parents and pupils.
President Griffiths who built so wisely
His attitude toward work should go
and well during the period of the
far toward accomplishing at Punahou
school's most rapid growth and ad
the ideal so ably stated in Mr. Thurs
vancement, may be carried to success
ton's address at the 75th Anniversary
ful fruition. While adapting to our
Celebration : that "We must make the
needs the best types of approved meth
words 'the joy of service' a household
ods in education, Punahou must con
expression and personal ideal." In line
tinue to be more than a school with a
with this, Campus Day has come to be
modern curriculum. The environment
a feature of Punahou life, when the
here must always be thoroughly de
students for one whole day, dressed
MR. HAUCK mocratic where simplicity in life and
for the most part in palakas and over
dress and in the conduct of student
alls or bloomers, pull weeds, cut down
THE story of Punahou's past as told activities is emphasized and where all
trees, rake, hoe and generally renovate
the campus. Those too young to en by Miss Damon and Mrs. Mclntyre may learn the joy of labor and of
gage in such manly sports hapai water and reflected in the lives and achieve service. Our influence must count ef
ments of former students and graduates fectively in all that makes for mutual
—yea, even unto the summit of Rocky
Hill —to refresh the ones occupied in is an inspiration to those who carry on understanding and good will toward all
these strenuous labors. The work over, the work of the school today and plan races. Because of contacts and under
a general good time is engaged in by for its future. It has been a long step standings of school days our boys and
parents, alumni, trustees, teachers and from the small adobe buildings of 1841 girls, no matter where they live, will
pupils. All work for Punahou and to the modern buildings and beautiful be leaders in bringing about racial
love it. campus of today. Hut throughout the friendship and cooperation and so pro
The building of the Little Theatre is years there has been leadership and mote the peace of the world.
another evidence of this healthy atti vision on the part of trustees and The Punahou of the future should
tude toward work. The boys and school administrators which has main place more emphasis upon the training
teachers did the more strenuous work tained the spirit of the founders and of the pupils' spiritual powers. This
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 63

is no easy task. Moral and religious Plan, new buildings, new courses, an achievement in this line was purely in
training have a place in the activities increased endowment. These things the nature of an accomplishment, and
of the school but the best results are will come if the alumni will take a therefore not to be included among
secured when instruction is not too more active interest in the affairs of those subjects commonly supposed to
formal. More student participation in the school. One of the fine relation equip one to meet the every day needs
music, art. dramatics, public speaking ships in life is the love of an alumnus of life; on the other hand, there are
and simple religious exercises will be for his school. Though many Punahou schools and colleges that have come
possible when we have Dillingham graduates attend colleges and univer to value its importance, believing that
Hall. sities, their love for Punahou should an insight into the world of music,
The goal of a Punahou education is not be diminished. Here were spent though only in an academic sense, may
the physical, moral, social, and intel the most formative years of life. It is enrich one's knowledge and be as good
lectual training of each pupil. Charac hoped that the alumni in Hawaii will for the soul as appreciation of good
ter building, then, must continue to be participate more fully in the life of literature.
our principal aim. In this we shall Punahou, using the library, and athletic It is the aim of the Punahou Music
need the hearty cooperation of parents, facilities and attending school functions. School to provide its students with a
All who take an interest in Punahou's broad, general knowledge of the prin
for the task is one requiring the best
boys and girls serve the school and the ciples underlying music in its various
efforts of home and school. The
community. forms of expression, and to acquaint
Parent-Teachers' Association has been
Punahou faces the problems and op them with the best there is in music
of great help. We hope it will bring portunities of the future with a high literature.
more parents in closer touch with their purpose to preserve the spirit of its In view of the widespread interest in
children's school. founders and maintain the high stand music today, the importance of in
Other papers speak of various plans ards of its educational service, in a fluencing the tastes and standards of
for the future Punahou, the Block democratic and wholesome environment. not alone those who are studying music
but of the student body as well, is
being more and more emphasized, for
Punahou Music School there is nothing more certain than that
the future course of music is to be de
By SAIDA SUTTON WHITNEY. Director By WILLIAM A. LOVE termined by what we are willing to
MANY of the subscribers to the IN appointing a committee four years supply our children.
"Friend" went to school in the old 1 ago to organize and direct its music There is a special responsibility rest
stone building at Punahou. It stands department, the trustees of Punahou ing upon all who are concerned in fur
in the middle of the campus, simple School recognized clearly that music, thering the cause of good music in
and serene of line, with deep recessed as a cultural element alone in the edu Hawaii. We are without the advan
windows and "1852" over the doorway. cation of a child, was worthy of a tages offered by the large music cen
Some five years ago many pianos were larger share of attention than had ters. Our population presents its pro
moved into "Old School Hall" and a hitherto been given to it. blem. But, if America is ever to be
Music Department was organized. Now The action of the trustees in this come a music-loving nation, each has
every day and all day sounds of piano, respect is significant, for there are still his part to do, and Punahou Music
violin and flute pour out of those old many educational institutions on the School, by reason of its tradition and
windows. In one of the rooms upstairs mainland that have never given any environment, should come to have a
are low tables and little chairs where encouragement whatever to the study very vital influence in shaping the
the youngest learn their notes and the of music, it being considered that any musical ideals of this community.
elements of what music means. In one
room advanced theory is taught, in
another the violin. The eight pianos
are busy. The orchestra of sixteen The Alumni Association
pieces sends another volume of sound
By JANE L. WINNE
through the windows of the big room
downstairs. In all. 125 students and THERE she stands, devoted alumni, your Punahou today! Same old place
seven teachers to help them learn ! where your own flag pole stands sentinel—green slopes, spreading trees,
Next year there is to be a pipe organ royal palms, lily pond, all-growing on midst sunshine and showers.
and a band and still more students and This Punahou of yours wants you. waits for you. working or playing, any
teachers. But best of all, some of the time, all the time. Why not occasionally lend your smile about the place?
You'd have a good time. Choose your chance from alphabet and music to
music not only played but composed
ball, manual shop, dressmaking !
and written by the children themselves.
Today wants to know yesterday — she's heard a lot about you—and the yes
The life—the creative impulse that terdays themselves should have a mighty good time together. What about the
puts stones together and made the Old old ring tournament or even the hilarious "grand march" that marched and
School— still flows and lives in the marched and glided so meekly into a waltz?
minds and hearts of the little children Even today you may converse on the balcony, console yourself by the lily
who go up and down stairs in the foot pond or even climb the heights of Rocky Hill. Orange trees and old pool are
steps of long ago. "pan" but come and play in the new swimming tank and little theater. Why
64 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

not some reunions and meetings and stunts? Lawrence Judd, worthy alumni
ruler, will help with the talk and fun; he's bursting with ideas! Come and Scholarships
By L. C. HOWLAND
hear them.
Some joyous soul has suggested alumni athletic teams—swimming, base SCHOLARSHIPS have played a very
ball, football. Why not? Punahou athletes who do not go to college need considerable part in the education
some play. of boys and girls at Punahou. The
Come along, let's do something, and do it together: let's have some fun first scholarship was endowed by the
and have it together ! Join the Alumni Association! Rev. Eli Corwin January 1, 1859, by
the payment of $500, the income of
which was sufficient at that early day
to pay a student's tuition. During the
seventy-three years since that date
seventy additional scholarships have
been established making the present
total seventy-one. A large number of
these scholarships were endowed in
small sums, but in a number of cases
through the kindness of relatives of
the donors the endowments have been
increased in recent years.
There were originally eleven $500
scholarships, four of which have been
increased in this manner. Thirty-three
were originally $750; of this number
fifteen have been increased. The re
mainder of the scholarships range be
tween these amounts and $2,500.
About ten scholarships contribute in
come only towards the tuition of the re
cipients. The remaining sixty-one earn
an average of about $65 each. This
means that the school contributes year
Punahou Boys at the Seventy-fifth Anniversary Playing Aupuni
ly to the beneficiaries of these sixty-
This fountain has long since been re one scholarships, an average of $85
A Community Beauty moved, but the pine, monkey-pod and each.
There is great need of having schol
rubber trees now growing there, are. T
Spot believe, the same that grew around the
arships on a self supporting basis. It
By GERRIT P. WILDER requires the interest on $2,500 at the
fountain in those days. present time to meet the average tui
COMPREHENSIVE plans for beau Makai of Old School Hall, and ex tion. But this relationship is so change
tifying the grounds of Punahou tending as far as Wilder Avenue, was able that the corporation, at a meeting
School will, when carried out, convert a thick jungle of guava and glu bushes held September 19, 1918, voted (a) that
them into one of the beauty spots of and weeds. Mauka, as far as Rocky any sum of money would be accepted
Honolulu. The character of the soil Hill, was a pasture for cows and horses. as a gift towards a scholarship, (b)
and elevations of the property make When the new dormitories were built, that the income only from such a gift
possible a great variety of planting. roads were laid out, spaces cleared for would be applied to the tuition of the
The night-blooming cereus on the playgrounds and many trees planted. recipient of the scholarship and that
walls now has a world-wide reputation The Old Spring was greatly improved he would pay the difference between
and interest. The Poinciana Regia trees in appearance by planting around it the tuition and the income of the schol
on the mauka slopes of Alexander Field many ornamental trees and shrubs. It arship.
are wonderful when in bloom. Other is regrettable that no comprehensive re It is the desire of the corporation to
trees are remarkable for their variety cord of this early planting is available increase the scholarship endowment on
and splendid growth. for it would be of interest to note the the above basis and particularly to
When I was a student at Punahou in changes as they occurred. From now on have future scholarships as far as
1879-80, the campus covered a small an accurate record of the date of plant possible under the control of the Presi
area situated between Old School Build dent and the Trustees. Only about one-
ing, the name of the tree or plant, and
ing and what is now the C. R. Bishop third of the present scholarships are
the location of its planting will be kept
Hall. In all, it was not more than 250 under the exclusive control of the Trus
for future reference. A block plan for tees. It is their policy to assign these
feet wide by about 500 feet long. How
ever, many an exciting game of baseball tree planting is being prepared by a only to students who are in financial
and football was played upon it and special committee which is cooperating need. These students are required to
many a boy got ducked in the fountain with the trustees. give a reasonable service to the school
which stook just ewa of Old School "He who plants a tree loves his fellow in return for the benefits enjoyed.
Hall. man." Opportunity is now being offered to
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 65

older students who need assistance to days. Twelve girls and boys have to another when their interests change
work out a portion of their tuition by taken advantage of this opportunity or when their educational tendencies re
working on the campus or in various during the current school year. The quire it.
departments on Saturdays, during vaca school authorities are anxious to make Here also, pupils are given a wide
tions and during: free time on school this more of a scholarship feature. range of student activities in which to
participate, such as clubs, chorus and
Glee Club, dramatics, athletic and stu
dent government organizations. Al
School Organization though the stress is on the academic side
By ARTHUR E. ROBINSON. Principal Junior Academy of school work, the administration feels
PUNAHOU, established in 1841, has hundred pupils. It receives the pupils that student activities constitute a very
steadily grown from a school with as they come from the sixth grade of important phase of the educational op
few pupils and a small faculty, managed the Elementary School and carries them portunity a school should give to adoles
by a simple organization, to one en through the seventh, eighth and ninth cent boys and girls. Senior Academy
rolling in 1924, a thousand pupils and grades. With a faculty of twenty occupying Pauahi Hall, Bingham Hall,
having a faculty of seventy-five mem teachers, the school is able to maintain Science Hall and James B. Castle
bers and a more or less complex or small classes, ranging from twenty to Manuel Arts Building, has an enroll
ganization. This organization consists twenty-five pupils. As in the Elemen ment of three hundred pupils and a
of the three departments found in the tary School, pupils are grouped in so faculty of twenty-seven teachers. Its
most progressive schools—the Element far as is possible, according to in organization and administration typifies
ary School, Junior Academy, correspond dividual ability. Because of the more that of the more progressive high
ing to junior high school, and Senior elastic courses of study and the range schools on the mainland. The course
Academy which corresponds to the usual of electives, groupings of pupils can not of study includes the purely college
senior high school. In addition to these be made as successfully as in the lower preparatory subjects which prepare for
departments, the school maintains a de school. such colleges and universities as Har
partment of music known as The Puna- vard, Yale, Smith and Wellesley ; gen
Since Junior Academy is the school eral courses preparing for western col
hou Music School.
for the adolescent pupil, it must be an leges and universities, and vocational
The Elementary School, enrolling
nearly four hundred pupils and having exploratory school. The course of study courses for those pupils who may not
a faculty of twenty-five teachers, is is planned with that aim in view. Pupils wish to go further with their educational
located in Charles R. Bishop Hall. In may begin their college preparatory training. Courses in household arts,
this school, the boys and girls complete work or take more general courses lead manual arts and agriculture are offered
the first six grades of their school ing to business or vocational work and by the James B. Castle School. These
course, in which the fundamental sub trades. They transfer from one course courses, and the business courses co-
jects are stressed.
Resides the work
on the fundamen
tals it offers each
pupil work in art,
'liusic, manual arts,
dramatics, club
work and physical
education. The pu
pils of each grade
are grouped on the
basis of ability and
educational achie
vement. This plan
makes it more
nearly possible for
l pupil to be placed
in a group where
he will progress
normally with his
fellow students and
therefore do his
best work.
Junior Academy,
■stablished in 1918,
is located in Rice
Hall and has an
enrollment of three Charles R. Bishop Hall
66 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

ordinated with the subjects taught at Because Punahou can offer more previously a community school, fully
Punahou, give boys and girls an op- varied courses with the James B. Castle serving the educational interests of boys
portunity to secure the elements of a Trust it has become even more than and girls of the territory no matter
sound vocational training. what their future plans may be.

Punahou's Physical Plant and the Goodhue Block Plan

By WALTER F. DILLINGHAM
IN the early Forties from Punchbowl Here, eighty-three years ago, the start teachers' cottages below the dormi
Street to Manoa Road stretched a of the Territory's largest college prep tories.
barren waste of land without shrubs or aratory school was made. Castle Hall was burned to the ground
As the white children increased in August 3, 1913. With financial assist
trees, which was characterized by red
numbers additions to the buildings be ance from the Castle family this hall
dirt in summer and deep mud in winter.
came necessary and Bingham Hall, of was rebuilt of concrete.
At the foot of Manoa Valley was a brick construction, took the place of In the expansion of the school plant
tract of land, which, because of a the central section of the adobe dor old boundary fences were removed and
spring of beautiful fresh water, offered mitory. taro patches, stables and cow pastures
opportunity for establishing a school. Bishop Hall of Science, of brick, were brought into the campus.
This land was given by Liliha and Pauahi Hall, of lava stone, and Chas. Alexander Athletic Field was added
Boki in trust for children of the mis R. Bishop Hall, of concrete, were add as a memorial by the family of Mr.
sionaries. Coral and adobe buildings ed. These buildings were financed large Samuel T. Alexander in 1907.
ly through the generosity of Mr. Chas. The Library, of cut lava stone, the
for school houses and dormitories were
R. Bishop and were erected over a gift of Mr. C. M. Cooke who for many
erected. The buildings were placed far
period of years. years was treasurer of the school, was
enough back from the public road to Later the increasing demand for more erected above Bingham Hall.
give some privacy. Originally there room brought about the construction of Up to this time no definite plan for
were no trees on the land. A few shade a group of three wooden dormitory placing or arranging the buildings on
trees were set out and these for many buildings known as Dole Hall, Rice the campus had been adopted. The
years, until the algeroba covered the Hall and Castle Hall. Then followed Trustees decided that, before making
plains, furnished the only shade for the the home of the President on the slopes other additions in a building program,
playground. of Rocky Hill and the erection of a study of the grounds should be made
by one competent to work out a per
manent plan. Mr. Bertram G. Good
hue of New York was employed to pre
pare such a plan and, after a visit to
Honolulu, submitted a Block Plan
which was adopted.
This plan provides for a change in
the road system to give the grounds
two entrances from Manoa Road and a
loop driveway which will serve the
present buildings ; it also provides def
inite locations for buildings to be erect
ed in the future, and still further pro
vides for the grouping of buildings in
such a way as to facilitate school ad
ministration.
Directly below Alexander Field the
plan provides for locating the Gym
nasium. Across the campus and on the
axis of the Gymnasium the main
Assembly Hall is to be placed.
After the adoption of the Block Plan
the Elizabeth P. Waterhouse Memorial
Swimming Tank was given to Punahou
by Mr. and Mrs. John Waterhouse.
This tank, one of the finest in America,
is located at one side of the. athletic
group of structures.
Within the past year, through the
The Block Plan gift of Mr. James B. Castle, the shop
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 67

building, of reinforced concrete, for Pending the raising of funds for the tion with a view to meeting their future
Manuel Arts has been erected. A Boys' much needed Athletic Building, money wants, social, civil and religious, literary
Athletic Hall of lava stone plastered, has been given to build a temporary and scientific."
adjacent to the Athletic Field and Gymnasium Pavilion for the girls. This The appeal states further, (regard
Swimming Tank, is now being con will be constructed at the side of Grif ing Oahu College) :
structed. The finances for this build fiths Hall during the summer of 1924. "It has assumed a national character,
ing are being provided by graduates, A sum sufficient to cover the cost of and is under a Board of twelve Trus
undergraduates and parents of Puna- surfacing the three tennis courts has tees at the Islands; has a charter from
hou. been given to the school by friends in the Hawaiian Government, a president,
The third story of Rice Hall, which terested in promoting that sport. and one professor, and contains about
until last summer had never been com fifty students. The Corporation also
The Junior Academy is at present
pleted, was opened up and now fur
housed in Rice Hall. Part of the base owns 400 acres of land, some of it very
nishes a very satisfactory home for the
ment in Castle Hall, which was built good, and buildings nearly sufficient
Household Arts classes; these, together
and furnished by the children of the for present purposes. There are also a
with the Manual Arts classes, are pro
school, is used as its assembly room. herd of cattle, farming utensils, etc., all
vided for under the J. B. Castle en
the property estimated at $27,000. The
dowment fund. These accommodations can serve but
Hawaiian Government has made a grant
Griffiths Hall, of rubble stone and temporarily. A Junior Academy build
of $10,000 to the College, on condition
plaster, serves as the Girls' Locker ing is one of the great needs of the that $40,000 more be raised, and the
building. It was acquired through the school. King has given it all the encourage
gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Atherton
While it would be unreasonable to ment and support in his power."
in 1922. expect to add all of the facilities needed As a result of this appeal made dur
With all the extensive school facili ing the years 1856 and 1857, $23,121.50
at an early date, it is hoped that each
ties above outlined we find ourselves was raised in the United States, and
year we may draw nearer to the com
crowded to the limit. There is no room was held and invested there by a Board
pletion of the perfected plan, which
large enough to house the whole school of Trustees for the use and benefit of
will not only give Punahou what it
for assembly purposes. should have in the way of school facili Oahu College. This trust is still in
The Block Plan provides for Dilling ties, but which will round out the force, the present Trustees being James
ham Assembly Hall and a substantial campus into most attractive school N. Hunnewell, Herbert Austin and W.
sum towards the erection of such a build R. Castle, Jr., and on December 31st,
ing was given by Mr. B. F. Dillingham. grounds.
There is a great opportunity for 1923, the total capital amounted to
Unfortunately, due to the high cost of $30,682.09, producing an income of
construction, this fund is not suffiicient those who wish to record their appre
ciation of Punahou as a community $1,509.21, which was remitted to the
at this time to erect a building suitable Oahu College.
for all requirements. asset to assist in its building projects.
Such was the status of Punahou and
its finances in 1853. On closing the
school year June 30, 1923, seventy-one
Punakou's Finances years later, there were approximately
one thousand pupils, twenty-three build
By William W. Chamberlain , Treasurer
ings, together with smaller out-build
PUNAHOU SCHOOL was founded As the school grew, in keeping with
ings, valued at $466,475.97; furniture
in 1841, in consequence of the the development of the Islands, the
and equipment valued at $73,686.85 ;
great need for a suitable institution need for more funds for buildings and 215 acres of land of which 138 acres
where the children of the white resi endowments became imperative, and as
is ridge land in Manoa Valley valued
dents of the Hawaiian Kingdom could a first step towards obtaining these en at $85,694.00; horses and cattle, swim
dowments an application was made for
receive that education which was gen ming tank, athletic field, and sundry
erally regarded as second only in im a charter. improvements, valued at $50,999.87; in
portance to religion. Money, then, as On May 23rd, 1853, a charter was vestments amounting to $914,568.03,
now, was an important factor in build granted to Punahou School by the Ha giving a total of property and improve
ing and maintaining an educational in waiian Government, and the institution ments of $1,591,374.72.
stitution. Great sacrifices were made became known as Oahu College. Mr. In addition to the above the Trustees
by the earlier missionaries and other Samuel Northrup Castle became the hold as Trustee under the Will and of
friends in order to give of their small first Treasurer, holding this office for the Estate of James B. Castle, deceas
means so that the school might have twenty-eight years until 1881. An ap ed, land and investments amounting to
the necessary buildings and equipment. peal for funds was made to friends $320,823.57.
How great these sacrifices must have of the Mission residing in the United Since June 30th, 1923, there has been
been can be readily seen when it is States. It will be interesting to record erected a concrete building on the col
known that the annual salary of a mis some of the statements set out in this lege grounds, for the use of the James
sionary and his wife was only $400. appeal : B. Castle School of Manual Arts and
As a result of the labor and sacrifices "The object of the College is the Agriculture, and necessary equipment
of these men and women there gradually same as that of all Christian colleges, for both the School of Manual Arts
developed the beginning of Punahou viz., the training of youth in all the and Agriculture, and the School of
School. various branches of a Christian educa Domestic Science.
68 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

It was the aim of the original found fice of Treasurer has. been filled by tion was $55.50, and the annual cost
ers that Punahou should be conducted but four persons, viz., Messrs. Samuel per capita $114. In 1923 the average
N. Castle, from 1853 to 1881; Charles tuition was $150, and the cost per
as a Christian institution, where the
M. Cooke, from 1881 to 1891 ; Peter C. capita $201, an increase in tuition since
building of character and the founda
Jones, from 1891 to 1914; Clarence H. 1901 of $184 per capita. It has been
tion of traits of honesty, integrity, and with deep regret that the Trustees
Cooke, from 1914 to 1923.
industry should be given first place, have been forced from time to time to
The extensive growth of buildings,
and it was their desire that the endow raise the tuition charges, but there was
equipment, and of endowment is due
ment be sufficient to allow the institu no other alternative. Notwithstanding
largely to the untiring efforts and great
tion to be operated at a cost which generosity of these gentlemen, and also the increased tuition the annual account
would enable the children of those of to the many friends and alumni, who showed a deficit of $13,056.04, in the
moderate means, as well as those in have shown their Aloha for Punahou operation of the school for the year
more affluent circumstances to have an and its work in substantial gifts to the 1922-1923. The tuition is considerably
equal opportunity. of obtaining an edu institution. Space does not permit the lower than many institutions on the
naming of all of these donors. How Mainland of a similar standard.
cation. This policy has ever been first
in the minds of the succeeding Trus ever, certain names such as the Alex Punahou needs a much larger en
anders, the Athertons, Charles R. Bis dowment. The income on $500,000 could
tees, and is today a guiding influence
hop, the Cookes, Castles, Dillinghams, be used to advantage in meeting the in
in its administration.
Jones, Judds, Wilcoxes and Water- creasing cost of operation and upkeep
As Honolulu has grown from a small
houses appear so frequently that it of buildings, of grounds, and of roads.
village to the large and thriving city
would seem that these families have A new system of permanent roads
that we now know, the Trustees have
acquired the habit of giving. Let us and proper storm drainage is necessary.
had continually to face new problems.
hope that this habit becomes generally Funds should be available for establish
More and larger buildings to accom
contagious. ing some form of retiring allowance
modate the ever-increasing number of
Punahou cannot rest on this record. or pension for the teachers and staff.
pupils desiring admission have been
The rapid growth of the Territory and More scholarship endowments are
needed. Athletic and military training
have been added so that the pupils may the City of Honolulu, will naturally needed.
have sound bodies and clear minds to bring many new demands and pressing In these times of high costs of liv
pursue their studies ; training in manual needs on the institution, and they must ing, there are many worthy persons
and domestic arts, so that the children be met if the school is to continue to who find it difficult or impossible to
may now get at school what in the serve the requirements of the com take from their incomes sufficient sums
earlier days they got at home, some munity. to pay the full tuition charges required
knowledge of mechanics and agricul In 1890 the tuition charge was $37 at Punahou, and therefore they are
ture, and of cooking and of sewing; per annum. In 1916 the average tui compelled to send their children to
grounds kept in
better condition,
in keeping with
the surrounding-
property. These
and many other
problems have
called for the
expenditure o f
large amounts
of money. The
tuition received
has often been
less than the
cost of opera
tion, and never
much over the
year's expenses,
so that the funds
to meet these
needs have had
to come from
d o n a t ions of
friends.
It is worthy
of note that dur
ing the seventy
years, from 1853
Old School Hall of Delightful Memory
to 1923, the of
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 69

other schools. Part scholarships would income from $2,500 to equal the aver said : "I believe that individuals, com
enable such parents to send their chil age tutiion charge. Tuition in the ele munities and nations are depraved and
dren to Punahou. mentary school is $120; in the junior weakened by the excessive accumulation
academy, $150; and in the academy, of wealth whenever the character has
Any amount may be given to found
$180 per annum. not become so permeated with a moral
a scholarship endowment. The interest
Punahou needs boys and girls of this force and enthusiasm, as well as habits
earned on this amount during the pre and coming generations for they are
ceding year is credited against the tui of a simpler life than that universally
the potential leaders of Hawaii's civic
tion of the recipient. It requires an and industrial life. consonant with wealth, that the power
represented by such wealth remains
nothing more than an instrumentality
for promoting moral and intellectual
enlightenment of the race. I believe
A Life Punahou Remembers that history shows that the ages of
By Dorothy Judd '24
luxury furnish the fertile soil for na
DUNAHOU, 0f au placeSj remembers In physical appearance he was a big tional decay and that this is the op
A the life and personality of James man, six feet tall. All his movements
eration of an inevitable law, true alike
Ricknell Castle. Here at Punahou the were energetic. He walked with a
of the individual and community units
builders of Hawaii came to school, stride. His hair was tawny. In later
composing the nation as a whole. I
played baseball, studied Greek and years his beard was streaked with gray.
Latin, and spoke "pieces" on dreaded He seldom dressed in anything but believe that the counteraction of this
Friday afternoons. One of these lead white. influence must be accomplished through
ers was Mr. Castle, whose endowment some channel of education, if at all,
He was a man of deep emotions.
of $350,000 is making it possible for The men who knew him best, loved and to my observation the injurious in
Punahou to broaden the scope of its him deeply, and his affection for them fluence of unearned comforts is every
work. was equally strong. Music stirred his where visible, the schools and colleges
Mr. Castle was one of the builders soul, and he was always a lover of it. not excepted. I believe that nothing
of the industries of Hawaii. He start He said, "I am keenly appreciative of can completely take the place, as one of
ed the Kahuku Plantation. He organ the beauty and fine influence of organ the most important factors in the de
ized and built up the Rapid Transit and religious music in a beautiful velopment of character, of the habits
Company. He reorganized the Hawaii chapel." of work and duty which necessity
an Commercial and Sugar Company. All his life Mr. Castle was a student. provides for the large majority."
He helped in the development of Alex He owned a wonderful library, which Mr. James B. Castle died on the 5th
ander and Baldwin. In fact, the his he used constantly. He believed that of April, 1918. The boys of Punahou
tory of the development of this Terri the purpose of education is to "develop now enjoy the advantages of a New
tory cannot be told without mentioning character and to make a man or a Manual Arts Building and courses in
James B. Castle. woman self dependent and to develop auto mechanics, machine shop practice,
When Mr. Castle came to Punahou in the power of accomplishment through woodworking and agriculture. Instruc
1867, he walked to school from Kawa- work and training so as to acquire as tion in woodworking is given in the
iahao, where he then lived. He was great a capacity as possible in order, Elementary School in a well equipped
a leader in his lessons, and was one of from the excess over one's own neces shop. The girls have profited by the
the best platform speakers then at sities so acquired, to bless and help endowment to the extent of a studio
Punahou. In sports he excelled in one's fellows." for teaching art and design, and a large
baseball, and was captain of the team. In his will, which he wrote himself, apartment for teaching home economics
His interest in this sport kept up all Mr. Castle left most of his estate to which includes a cooking laboratory,
his life, to such an extent that he or be put into a school, the purpose of a model unit kitchen, a dining and liv
ganized and became captain of one of which was to give the well-to-do chil ing room, bed-room, sewing room and
the leading town teams. dren the opportunity to learn to do such art studio. A large part of the third
After graduating from Punahou, Mr. practical things as farming, house floor of Rice Hall is given, over to
Castle went to Oberlin. He wanted keeping and gardening. He believed work in home economics.
very much to go on the stage when he that every child should earn his educa
left college, but his family was op While the Punahou students daily
tion by doing a certain amount of avail themselves of the gifts which are
posed to his becoming an actor. manual labor, and thus overcome the the result of the work and ideals of
When he returned to Honolulu he weakening influences of wealth. The such men as Mr. Castle, they do not
became the collector of customs during money which he left was not sufficient forget that behind these gifts there
the later years of the monarchy. Under for a school as he willed it; but the were vital personalities and active lives
the Provisional Government he was the money has been put to use in develop of service. The results of James B.
first secretary of the Hawaiian legation ing in the spirit of his will the De Castle's life are lasting. Punahou re
at Washington which office he held for partments of Agriculture and of Man members the man and the accomplish
two years. He traveled extensively ual and Domestic Arts at Punahou. ments of his life when the name of
throughout Europe, and on his return The will which Mr. Castle wrote James Bicknell Castle, which is carved
married Miss Julia White of Winchen- shows his ideals and ambitions. In above the door of the new Manual Arts
den, Massachusetts. it he left many valuable thoughts. He Building is read.
70 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

throughout the country, so I was in

The Introduction of Baseball formed.
I used to have a good deal of busi
By William R. Castle
ness with Mr. Cartwright and while
WHILE a student at Oberlin in waii. This game with all its variations in his office one day several years
1864-6, I played baseball as it from the old rambling "two" or "three after my return he surprised me by
was then played. It was introduced o-cat" became a favorite. Curiously saying that he was an old ball player
into Hawaii while I was in Oberlin. enough some Hawaiian spectators pick but added that he hardly recognized
and it was called the "new game of ed up from what they saw in watching the game "as played now." However,
baseball." At that time the underhand the game, sufficient knowledge to intro his interest seemed as keen and alive as
toss was the vogue and it was the ac duce it throughout the Islands. In a ever and I remember seeing him out
cepted method of pitching, or, as it was at Punahou several times, watching the
trip around Hawaii some years later,
called, tossing, the ball. It always play as it had been recently introduced.
seemed to me a very weak and in in the late 60's or early 70's, as I rode
He commented on some new features or
effectual method. Others felt as I did, through the town of Waiohinu, way
different methods of playing from
but accepted it as a part of the "new down at the south end of the island those he had learned as a New Yorker.
game of baseball." I learned to pitch in Kau, 1 passed the town park or
(toss) in that manner, but detested it. playground and was much interested to
see a full fledged ball match in pro Daily Routine of President of Oahu
In the summer of 1866 I returned to
Honolulu and found that no one knew gress. All of the countryside was on College, 1860
how to play baseball, although several hand, deeply and enthusiastically inter I retire at ten, get up at half past
had read of the new game and were ested. All sided with one or the other five, put on my gloves and box with
curious to try it. The only game of of the contending parties. I waited for Sam half an hour, and then dig in my
ball played here at that time was ex a half hour or so and saw some pretty garden an hour longer. I then have
actly the same as when I had gone good ball playing, although I was three-quarters of an hour before break
away two years before, that is, "two amused to notice the introduction of fast to get up my Greek. After break
o-cat" or "three o-cat", and I felt that some laughable rules regarding the fast I have another hour to study, and
to introduce baseball as I had learned rights of players on bases. For in then I am busy teaching till 3 p.m.
it and as it was played in the schools stance, if two runners got caught on We dine at 4 and have prayers at 4:30
of the United States, would add great the same base they decided which of p.m. I am very tired of that long table.
ly to the sports of the community. So the two was to be put out, although the I confess we feed rather than dine. I
when the fall term opened at Punahou decision oftentimes resulted in the wild generally take a ride (horseback) in
in September of 1866, I went out there est opposition, uproar and excitement. the evening. Such is my routine."—
and talked the new game over with the This game, as I saw it, was simply an From letter of W. D. Alexander dated
boys and we proceeded at once to or illustration of what was gfoing' on April 25, 1860.
ganize a "Base
ball club." For
the use of the
new club I got
the foundry to
cast a home
base. It was a
: i r c u 1 a r iron
plate, perhaps 14
inches in dia
meter and 24ths
of an inch thick
with either three
or four legs to
pin it to the
ground, the top
being painted
white. This club
continued to ex
ist for many
years and for a
long time the
Punahou School
Baseball Club
was the model
for baseball
throughout the
Kingdom of Ha- Present-day Alexander Field in Action
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 71

Student Activities and Organizations of 4ie Present Da})

Edited By Miss Mary C. Porter
D-U-N-A-H-O-U. That's the way we spirit; and to do those things which privileged students, the club has been
A spell it. Here's the way we yell will uphold the ideals of Punahou. reorganized to include all students in
it— Punahou ! The work of the Hui Eleu is wide terested in dramatics. Associate mem
Bursts from the enthusiastic lungs spread and varied. It consists of en bership has been formed for those not
of 1000 loyal rooters of the P.A.A.A. tertaining the children in the wards of having time to do active work. Active
at the games, proclaiming that a well- the Children's Hospital on Saturday membership is for those who work two
organized student body occupies the Mornings, preparing Thanksgiving bas hours a week during one period of the
Punahou Campus. Some of the organi kets for the poor, providing toys for year on a particular interest. Training
zations and the activities of that stu children at Christmas time, sending has been given in acting, reading, man
dent body may well be told for Puna flowers to members and friends who aging, lighting and make-up. The stu
hou students and alumni are known in are ill, and maintaining a scholarship dents have arranged the lighting, and
the community for other reasons than to be given to a girl in the Senior class made properties, scenery and decora
the amount of noise generated at an when she graduates. The money for tions.
exciting football game. Among these the scholarship has been raised each Monthly meetings are held Saturday
organizations may be mentioned the year by giving a show of some sort for mornings at the Little Theatre. At
Hi-Y club, Hui Eleu O Punahou, the which tickets have been sold. During these meetings programs of entertain
Dramatic Club, of which the students the year, the girls have given several ment are presented, consisting of short
write themselves as follows : entertainments at the King's Daughters' plays, readings, musical settings and
* * * * Home which the old ladies greatly en recitations. At one meeting a play was
The aim of the Hi-Y is to "create, joyed. The girls have had good times given which was directed and produced
maintain, and extend throughout the too. Fathers and Daughters banquet, entirely by students. Each spring the
school and community, high ideals of Mothers and Daughters picnics, special school presents a long play, for which
Christian character"—ideals expressed meetings at which there have been admission is charged to the public.
in practical manner by the slogan stunts and games, have entered into the The money raised is used for the pro
Clean Living, Clean Speech, Clean social programme of the club. All year duction of the school annual, the
Athletics, Clean Scholarship." Meet long the girls look forward to summer "Oahuan," and for stage properties.
ings are held regularly at the Y.M.C.A., camp. This Y.W.C.A. Camp is situated Dorothy Judd '24.
sometimes for discussion, sometimes for on the beach at Puuiki, and is loving * * * *
addresses by special speakers. The ly called by the girls, "Halekipa," "Heaven helps those who help them
club takes part in the annual confer which means, "House of Welcome." selves," Poor Richard says in the
ence at Kaneohe where the boys meet Here for a week the girls get their famous Almanac of 1757. This prov
delegates from other schools and have share of fun, of mosquitoes, and of erb is suited to a group of recent per
a chance to gain the inspiration that K.P. duty. The swimming meets, track formances on the Punahou campus.
comes of realizing that Punahou is meets, volleyball and baseball games, The student body— 1000 strong—has
part of a nation-wide group. and other such diversions as hiking grown so fast that now it finds its
—Ted Trent '24. and basket weaving, keep the girls members fitting the school equipment
* * * * occupied from morning till night. After like an overgrown hobbledehoy whose
Hui Eleu O Punahou has come to supper the girls gather around the limbs dangle from ill-fitting clothes.
have a prominent part in the school beach camp fire and sing camp and To enlarge the facilities for their ac
life of the girls. For several years, Girl Reserve songs or listen to a talk tivities the students themselves have
those people most interested in Puna by a visitor from town. The council seized the opportunity under enthusi
hou sought some form of organization meetings, led by one of the Y.W.C.A. astic leadership, of carrying out the last
which would unite the girls of the secretaries each morning, help the girls part of our proverb. The friends of
school in altruistic activities, both in to solve some of the problems of their Punahou have played the part of Pro
school and in the community. Apropos school and community life. vidence by furnishing money and ma
of this idea. President Griffiths said, Marjorie Atherton '24 terials.
"When there appears a strong leader Lily Shelton '24. The first of these projects was the
who brings with her some big and * * * * Little Theatre which is in the basement
vital program that will challenge the Who does not respond to the appeal of Castle Hall. The Senior Academy
best in our girls—they'll be there !" to the imagination which the stage boys excavated many square yards of
And then came Miss Alice Moore, exec holds for us? Inherent in everyone dirt and helped to lay the foundation.
utive of Girls' Work in the Y.W.C.A.'s lies the ability to feel the fascination When the rough cement work had been
on the Pacific coast, and the Hui Eleu of impersonation. It is for this reason done, the Manual Training Department
O Punahou was organized. The pur that the Punahou Dramatic Club has made the stage and the benches. The
pose of this club is—To serve others ; been supported so enthusiastically for Art Department did the decorating and
to create a closer bond of friendship the past nineteen years. even the Elementary School had its
between the members and all the girls This year dramatic work has been share in making the draperies and
of the school ; to try to attain a true carried on on a larger scale than ever curtains for the stage. Now it is a
community spirit; to create true school before. Instead of consisting of a few picturesque little room, seating 350
72 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

people, very pleasing with its gray thority. The student is taught not colony of ants had been let loose.
floors and benches, yellow parchment merely to obey, but to obey cheerfully, Young boys and girls from the Ele
lamp shades, convenient little stage heartily and without question the mentary pull weeds, while the older
with rose colored curtains. Its uses wishes of his superiors. This is Loyalty. boys cut down the trees, mend roads,
are many and varied. The students in It means that the student is for his and make themselves generally useful.
the classes in history, biology, oral ex "boss" and his business, for his or The girls help in the library, in the
pression, and dramatics use it. The ganization and its officers. Not neces science department, and supply the
Parent-Teachers Association has given sarily his present military organization boys with cool drinks and sandwiches.
the moving picture apparatus for which and its officers but the civilian or In the afternoon, the whole school
a film library is being collected. It is ganization and its officers which the parades up to Alexander Field for
the home of the Dramatic club. student will join after leaving school. stunts and speeches by the alumni.
Alice Denison '24 Then, too, the student is taught the Edith Ewart '24.
Elizabeth Horner '24 three cardinal military virtues, HON * * * *
* * * * ESTY, JUSTICE and FAITHFUL These are a few of the works and
The Open Air Theatre on Rocky NESS. Surely these are not merely activities which, with the regular work
Hill was begun on Campus Day last for military purposes but are essential of a curriculum of as high standing as
year when twenty-five or thirty boys, to success in any walk of life. that which has always been maintain
many of them Midget football boys, Aside from these things, there is ed by Punahou, makes life on the
prepared a site for the theatre. Large great general educational value in the campus of absorbing interest to all
stones were rolled into place to form subjects which the student is required concerned. Punahou means all these
a low circular wall. Weeds and brush to study. The student is given a things and many more to its students
were cleared from the inclosure at the thorough course in the following sub and its faculty, but even more, it means
back. The Manual Training Depart jects : Physical Training, the advan much to the community of Honolulu.
ment then took up the work. Bleachers tages of the physically fit over the The campus is a great playground for
were made for 300 people, arranged on physically unfit; Rifle Marksmanship, the children and the town through the
the makai side of the stage, rising the proper handling of fire arms in Alexander Field, the Elizabeth P.
with the slopes of the natural amphi general ; Courtesy, the proper conduct Waterhouse Memorial Swimming Tank,
theatre. Lighting facilities were pro in the presence of superiors or elders ; and the Lower Field, as the Commer
vided so that such celebrations as foot Camping and Marching, which includes cial League, the other schools, the
ball rallies, smokers, and other gather crews of the ships, and the whole
care of the feet, marching rules, care
ings at night could be held. It is neighborhood can testify. For more
of drinking water, selection of camp
hoped that at some future time a than eighty years past, and for many
cement structure may replace the pre sites, camp sanitation, preparing a bed,
years to come, the institution lives in
sent crude facilities so that our city and cooking; Scouting and Patroling; Honolulu for the realizing of high
may have, on this beautiful site, a little Hygiene, Sanitation and First Aid ; ideals of service.
Greek Theatre. Map Reading and Map Making.
G. Morse. This work covers the last three years
* * * * in the Senior Academy and is so sched
uled that the student has plenty of time
Page from the Dianj) of
T^HE value of military training in
to study and digest it without allowing John Gulick
school and college is found in the
it to interfere in the least with his
fact that most of the qualities essential (Which was photographed but could
other studies. Three hours a week
to a trained officer are likewise essen not be reproduced in a cut owing to
are spent in this work and those who
tial to success in civilian life. While
take the work seriously feel that the the faded ink.)
in one sense the purpose of the July, 1842.
time is well spent.
R.O.T.C. is to train officers for the Or
ganized Reserves, in a larger sense it Donald S. Bowman, Jr. This morning we boys helped father
aims at instilling those qualities and halter the colt which he bought of Mr.
The activities of the students for
principles into the student that make Emerson. We call him Elkey.
their school come to a climax on
for better and more efficient citizens. Campus Day, a day when everybody 11, Monday. Punahou.
If the student takes his military train does something actually constructive The Punahou School commenced this
ing in the proper spirit, a spirit of serv for the school, on a theory that when morning. Mr. Dole teaches. Orramel
ice to his country and as his first step a person has devoted his time and and I board here, but Charles and
in becoming an American citizen, he muscle to anything he naturally takes William walk up every morning and
will find that it will develop him into a more pride and interest in it. return in the evening. The Honolulu
patriotic, physically sound, upright, and Last year, for the first time, Punahou parents bring their children up in the
disciplined citizen. had a "Campus Day." All the students forenoon in wagons and return for
The student is taught to obey; to from the Elementary, Junior Academy them in the evening.
obey habitually. This is discipline. It and Senior Academy took part in it.
is pointed out to the student that the One of the objects for keeping this 12, Tuesday.
best or successful men of the nation are day is to promote school spirit, for on I read in the Eclectic Reader and
disciplined men. They have a respect that day everybody does something study geography, spelling and writing
for authority carried in the laws of the constructive for the school. On this Samuel has received a box from his
land. To obey implies respect for au day the campus looks as though a Mother today.
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 73

Legends of Ka-Puna-Hou
The Origin of 4ie Spring
By Joseph S. Emerson
KANE and Kanaloa were classed by
the ancient Hawaiians as among
the four greater gods and were wor
shipped as such. One of the most
pleasing features in the character of
Kane, is his treatment of Kanaloa, who,
as Professor Alexander says in his his
tory, "is always associated with him as
his younger brother. They were said
to have once resided at Waipio, Hawaii,
and to have created springs of water
in many places during their tours
around the islands." The name Kane
will ever be associated with "ka wai a
Kane," the water of Kane, the water of
life. Kanaloa had little of grace and
beauty in his character. He was a con
firmed awa drinker, and as the two Ka Puna Hou
brothers travelled about the islands he
would often seek the solace of a tellers as "the authentic tradition," first have put an end to it, but he was far
draught of his favorite beverage. Kane at the 25th and also at the 50th anni away on the island of Hawaii and so
was ever ready to assist him by pro versary celebrations of the founding of knew naught of the trouble until his
viding the water to mix with the awa. Punahou School in historical addresses return long after the twins had begun
Sometimes he would do so by thrust by Judge A. F. Judd and Prof. W. D. to suffer exile.
ing his spear into the ground, thus Alexander. Meantime, Waahila Rain and his sis
forming a perennial spring. It was on
THE PUNAHOU SPRING. Retold ter, Mountain Mist, dwelling each in a
such an occasion that the well known
briefly from the version by Mrs. Na- separate little cave on the hill, fed on
Punahou spring came into being, thus
kuina in Mr. Thrum's "Hawaiian fruit and flowers and tender green
gaining the name Puna-hou, the new-
Folk Tales." shoots of shrubs which were "cooked
spring. How appropriate this name for
Even in very olden days mists from by rolling hot stones around and among
an educational institution whence comes
Manoa and Makiki and Pauoa seldom them in a covered gourd." The brother
a pure stream of the waters of truth
swept across the dusty plain that was careful that his sister's cave and
and life!
stretched out seaward from those val food should be separate, for even
leys, lying parched in the sun. But as among children of the gods it was not
far as Kahaakea, or Rocky Hill, mist permitted that a woman should sit down
Other Legends and rainbow were wont to come, tradi to eat with a man. On his wanderings
tion says, because in ancient times that in search of fruit and greens, Waahila
By Ethel M. Damon
hill was covered with close thickets of Rain had found to the east of the hill
IN addition to the legend of Kane and the tall lima, aheahea and popolo, "with a rain-water pond where he sometimes
Kanaloa contributed by Mr. Emer here and there open spaces covered went "to snare wild ducks. He had also
son, a story which connects itself not with manienie-akiaki, the valuable medi met and knew the Kakea water-god, a
infrequently with the origin of Hawaii cinal grass of olden times," plants moo (or giant lizard) who had charge
an springs, Ka-Puna-Hou has two which furnished food to children of the of and controlled all the water sources
legendary beginnings all its own. One mist. The two children of the mist of Manoa and Makiki Valleys. This
is given by Mrs. Emma Metcalf Na- who ventured so far makai were twins, god was one of the ancestors of the
kuina, who is herself a child of Manoa a boy and girl, Waahila Rain, Ka-ua- children on the mother's side, and was
and was for several years a bright waahila, and his sister, Mountain Mist on the best of terms with Waahila
pupil at Punahou. This attributes the Ka-ua-kiowao. Thither they had fled Rain." For the most part, however,
creation of the spring to a longing on from their mountain home, Kaala, the rocky region where the twins had
the part of two mist-and-rain children where a cruel step-mother stole their taken refuge was barren of delight and
of the gods, assisted by the great moo, food and plagued them because they refreshment to children of rain and
water-god of Manoa. The other, trac were fair to look upon while her own mist, and Ka-ua-kiowao especially often
ing its source to the human distress of son was ugly and repulsive. Their longed to disport herself in the cold
an old couple, with the divine aid of father, Kahaakea, had he known of this streams and pools of Kaala, her moun
dreams, is quoted from Hawaiian story- continued persecution, would quickly tain home. Her brother therefore paid
74 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

a visit to the friendly moo, and begged "They sometimes pass swiftly over eat them ; be sure, however, to reserve
his help in opening a water-course from their old home on their way to Kaala, a portion as an offering to your family
the rain-water pond of Kanawai to a or Konahuanui, and on such occasions gods. Then pull up the old hala tree by
spot below the caves where he and his will sometimes linger sorrowfully for a the roots." With these words the
sister dwelt. "The old water-god not few minutes about Rocky Hill. The stranger vanished and the dream with
only consented to help his young rela rain-water pond of Kanawai is now al him. But in the morning the old man
tive, but promised to divide the water ways dry, as the shrubs and bushes was still so strongly under the spell of
supply of the neighboring Wailele which supplied the food of the twins his vision that he lost no time in carry
spring, and let it run into the water favored of the gods have disappeared. ing out minutely the directions given
course that the boy would make, thus Old natives say that there is now no him by the stranger of his dream.
insuring its permanence." inducement for the gentle rain of the He caught, cooked and ate the fish,
With this assurance of aid, Waahila Ua-kiowao and Ua-waahila to visit being careful to set aside a portion for
Rain dived under the surface of Kana those bare hills and plains, as they his gods. And behold, when he finally
wai pond and swam through a new un would find no food there." pulled up the hala tree, water did in
derground passage which the water-god Ka-puna-hou, The New Spring deed ooze forth. The hole left by the
caused to open for him, until, coming The adoption of a puhala tree and roots as they were torn from the earth
again to the outer air, he had to rub leaves of kalo for Punahou's official was soon full, and the old man in his
his eyes well. For the rushing waters seal was no mere accident, as the fol zeal proceeded to dig it out still larger.
had burst an opening through the lowing story will testify. It is given Thus was formed the inner spring,
ground, and he was swimming in a little by two authorities in almost identical which they called naturally "Ka-puna-
pool below the hill where formerly had forms: in 1866 by Judge A. F. Judd hou." Water from this new spring was
been only dry land. He hastened to who calls it "the authentic tradition" ; afterward led into a fish-pond and
bank up the lower side, leaving a nar and in 1891 by Professor W. D. Alex many taro-patches built below it, thus
row outlet for the overflow. Then, the ander, who says, "The ancient legend bringing to its desired fulfilment the
invisible old water-god still helping was thus told to the writer by the ven great longiing of this old man and his
him, he dug out quite a hollow for the erable Kauhi and his wife, Martha Po- wife.
water before his sister awoke and hopu, some thirty years ago."
came out of her cave to look for him. It is said that long ago an aged Historical Sketch of the
Now it was her turn to rub her eyes. couple lived near the spot where the
for behold, a barren spot transformed Punahou Spring now flows. In times Boarding Department
into a lovely bathing pool ! of drought and famine when no water By May Worthington, Principal
"Ka-ua-waahila afterward made some filled the taro patches, people living IN the early days of Punahou the
kalo patches, and people, attracted by thereabout were forced to go to the Boarding Department, which then in
the water and consequent fertility of mountains in search of ti-root and pia cluded both boys and girls, was housed
the place, came and settled about, vol or wild yams in order to keep alive. in Old School, Bingham and Dole
untarily offering themselves as vassals To fill their huewai or calabashes with Halls, the latter then a small building
to the twins. More and more kalo drinking water they had to trudge out located near the others. The kitchen
patches were excavated, and the place as far as Ka-moiliili. At such times of and common dining room were in Bing
became a thriving settlement. The hardship the old woman made many ham Hall, the upper floor of which
spring became known as Ka Punahou a bitter complaint to her husband. One was devoted to rooms for the girls.
(the new spring), and gave its name night when the old couple were thus There were also rooms for girls on the
to the surrounding place." sore pressed for food and water, the old second floor of the President's house.
When Kahaakea, the father of the woman lay down to sleep tired and dis while the boys occupied Old School and
twins, returned and learned how his couraged. Soon there came to her a Dole Halls. A laundry for pupils and
wife had mistreated them, he put her dream in which she saw a man standing teachers was operated by the school
to death, and then killed himself. Since before her. Giving vent to the thoughts and fruits and vegetables for the dining
then Rocky Hill, the home of his be uppermost in her mind, she related to room were raised on the campus.
loved children, has been known by his him the story of all their troubles and In the summer of 1907 Dole and Rice
name, Kahaakea, and to it Waahila privations. He replied to her, "He wai Halls were torn down and new build
Rain and Mountain Mist, the twins, no," (there is water) and repeated ings, including Castle Hall, were built
have often returned. Their mountain that there was a supply of water under on the present location at the foot of
dwelling, Kaala, remained first in their the stump of an old hala tree near their Rocky Hill. The boys occupied Rice
affection, however, and there they may house. But when the old woman woke Hall, and Castle Hall, as at present,
still be found. For a long time Puna her husband to tell him of the marvel, was given over to girls and women
hou was "under their especial care and he scoffed at the notion and would teachers. The matron's quarters, the
protection ; but when the land and have none of it. kitchen, dining room, study hall, read
spring passed into the hands of for The next night, however, he too was ing room and a few rooms for younger
eigners, who did not pay homage to the visited by a dream, which moreover, girls were located in Dole Hall. A
twins, and who allowed the springs to far exceeded hers in detail and clear matron supervised the kitchen and din
be defiled by the washing of unclean ness. "Go to the sea," said the strang ing room, and, with the help of a house
persons, the twins indignantly left the er in the dream, "catch some red fish Mother living in Castle Hall, took full
place, and retired to the head of Manoa (one version gives it as amaama or charge of the girls. Mr. Howland was
Valley. mullet), and roast them in ti-leaves and then in charge of the boys' dormitory
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 75

and had the general management of A capacity number is living now in father or mother, or are here because
the department. the dormitories. their homes have been broken up on
These buildings were made possible account of illness.
The majority of the girls in the
through generous gifts from Mr. and Ample chaperonage is provided and
dormitory come from the other islands, insisted upon when the girls are out,
Mrs. S. N. Castle and Mr. A. S. Wil
but many are from plantations outside and every effort is made to foster habits
cox.
of Honolulu. Several of the girls have of order, neatness and courtesy at all
In the summer of 1911, Castle Hall
no other home, due to the loss of times, as well as to keep them happy.
was burned to the ground and two
years later the present concrete build
ing was erected on the same site. The
money for this beautiful and thoroughly
modern building was given by the
Far-Away Memories of Punahou
Mary Castle Trust. By Ellen Armstrong Weaver protecting shadows. The old stone wall
In 1915 a slight change was made in IT is pleasant to fly away on the was there, with the clinging night-
the management of the dormitories, in "wings of many yesterdays" to my blooming cereus, the pure flower cha
that a Director or Business Manager first recollection of Punahou, near lices holding the dew and the moon
was appointed who shaped the policies 1850, and a long, dusty ride across the light for an offering to the rising sun.
of the Department, and did the buying. waterless un-treed plains, shimmering Their poetry was not revealed until
Under him were a man teacher in with mirage. Clusters of white flower "May Frear" dipped her pen in the dew
charge of the boys' dormitory and a ing thistles, and the hated Kikanea of the morning and told their message.
matron who looked after the girls. In (Burdock) with its vicious bur, flour Our thought was to cut the flowers in
that same year the Cafeteria was ished along the wayside as a means of half, pin them inverted on our should
started. This provided hot lunches for grace to our unsanctified tempers. Boki, ers, the quivering stamens serving for
the day pupils and took the place of the family horse, (named after Gov gold fringed epaulettes, as we paraded
the regular lunch for the boarders. ernor Boki, who started off on a with the pomp and grandeur of an
sandal-wood expedition, never to re Alii in full court dress.
Through the generosity of Mr. P. C.
Jones, a rest cottage at Kahala was turn) was a cunning beast, wise in Within the stone wall were alluring
built for the use of the faculty and horse sense. He assumed a discourag watermelon patches. I heard my fath
students of the boarding department. ed air when attached to the "ark," our er say, with pathetic earnestness :
It has proved a boon indeed. commodious family carriage, and fell "Boys, I will give you all the water
into a steady well-known "missionary melons you want if you will only let
In 1919 a complete reorganization of
trot," after wearing our Christian brother Dole's watermelons alone."
the boarding department took place.
charity threadbare with his alert heel In the old adobe court, fringed with
The boys' dormitory was given up en a narrow bed of four o'clocks and the
maneuvers in the pasture, before- he
tirely and Rice Hall given over to the overhanging tamarind tree, we met
came to harness.
Junior Academy. The laundry was also
No vision had yet appeared of the Miss Marcia Smith. A mote was in
discontinued at that time. The man
lovely homes and Eden shades that my eye. She said : "Come here, little
agement of the department was put in
have transformed those dreary miles girl." I came. With decisive hands
the hands of a Principal and a Dietition.
which led to the huge lava boulder that she pried my fretted eye wide open
A resident nurse was installed in Castle
stood guard at the Punahou gate. A and blew such a fierce blast that my
Hall. pilikia went off to sea beyond Diamond
monumental pyramid it seemed, tower
Through the efforts of Mrs. Doremus ing upward in grim majesty,—probably Head, and a scared little girl was left
Scudder, the Principal under the new ten feet. A challenge it was to enter very grateful that she had a head on
regime, the dining room in Dole Hall prising boys, with an instinct to de her shoulders. Marcia Smith was re
was made most attractive. The study corate scenery with their initials, to nowned for her forceful work with
was done over and made into a recrea climb its dizzy heights and leave their little people and I believed it ever after.
tion room and the whole atmosphere scupltured letters on the only "Wal- The puna hou, or new spring, bubbl
of the department, changed. halla" within reach. Others, with more ed its cool refreshing waters under
Since then minor improvements have tender motives, carved the initials of large sheltering apii and taro leaves,
been made which have added to the some fair maid on watermelons and in a rocky setting. It was a delight to
comfort and convenience of the board grenedilla fruit. How the great rock make cups of taro leaves and drink the
ers. The whole interior of Dole Hall got there was an unanswered question. cool refreshing waters.
has been redecorated. The Menehunes, those dwarf fairy folk There was no ice in those days. Our
At the present time the supervision who made a canoe in a single night, coolers were Chinese porous "Monkey
of the dormitories, including the man perhaps lent their skill and magic to Jars," wrapped in a wet towel and
agement of the dining room, kitchen the task, with the help of a Kona placed in the pantry window to cool by
and cafeteria, as well as the care of storm. There it stood many long years, evaporation. Shades of the past ! be
the girls, is in the hands of the Prin until a man, destitute of Punahou tra hold the classic pergola, the lily pads
cipal. She has an assistant and a ditions, blasted the great rock into a floating, and the goldfish sporting
resident nurse who cares for the girls thousand fragments, every fragment a where once was the puna hou.
and teachers when they are ill and cherished memory of days when the The old school house still keeps its
oversees the children's trays in the Punahou boys and the town boys rigid New England lines, waiting its
Cafeteria. charged to the fray, in turn, from its turn, in the march of events, to be mod
7(< THE FRIEND March, 1924.

ernized into harmony with its environ up and down and clapping his hands Punahou was a farm school ; the boys
ment, or transferred into a memorial and joyously squealing. I well remem had to work every morning and even
gateway. Whatever happens, the old ber my feeling of annoyance at his ing. The large bathing pool, filled
Punahouites will "read sermons in the levity as it seemed to me. Having lived from the spring, made it possible to
stones" of the old school house. Time with only elderly people without play irrigate the different crops. Evenings
softens and mellows the ordeal of read mates, I must have imbibed some severe the boys had to work until they could
ing our compositions, with beating and serious notions. count seven stars, according to tradition.
hearts and trembling hands, in the large Punahou School had boarders from I do not remember this. In the morn
school-room. The boys on the plat the other islands and out of the way ings they worked till the first bell rang
form, on Friday afternoon, gave choice stations on Oahu, and day pupils from and then went for a short bath in the
selections, or promise of future honors, Honolulu. I speedily made friends with bathing pond. The girls attended to
in their orations, while "we girls" made the two elder daughters of the Rice the housekeeping.
our tatting shuttles fly to the rhythm family. Mr. Rice was the business man The bathing pond was a feature of
of their eloquence. Our rare and hon ager and taught some, and Mrs. Rice the school. All new pupils had to be
ored teacher, Edward Reckwith, caused was a more regular teacher. These two initiated by being swung into the middle
us to write in our school books— girls were about the respective ages of of the pond. One of the larger boys
"What." "How," "Why." When we my brother and me. We became great would take hold of the victim's feet and
knew just what we were undertaking, playmates, and Punahou having wide another of his hands, or one would
how it must be done, and why it ought grounds, we had large opportunity for take one hand and one foot and the
to be done, we were well under way to a variety of play. These girls were other the other hand and foot, and
good scholarship. simply comrades to my brother and me. swinging vigorously two or three times
"Lest we forget," let all the Puna "Girls" was merely another name for to gain momentum, would hurl him high
houites reverently offer a tribute of boys clad in different kinds of garments, into the air and out into the pond.
gratitude for the seed thoughts and and we frequently engaged in rough Some of the small boys rather enjoyed
character-building lessons we have play with each other such as wrestling the process, but others vigorously pro
learned within the Punahou gates, keep and running races and other contests of tested against it yelling as they were
ing in mind that our missionary for strength. I remember one day we had catapulted through the air until their
bears thoughtfully laid the foundation been out of doors, roaming over the voices were hushed by their sudden im
of a school for training coming gen place. Having exhausted somewhat mersion.
erations to uphold and develop a people Punahou 's resources of entertainment, As a small child, I cultivated the
they had delivered from paganism by we two boys finished up the day's do acquaintance of the boys, going often to
their prayers and their labors. ings with a wrestling bout with our girl their rooms and making myself a nuis
The younger Punahouites are to be playmates and overthrowing them left ance, I do not doubt. Some of the boys
congratulated on their up-to-date sur them to their fate on the ground. were kind and hospitable to me. I re
roundings and privileges.
Filling our memory cups at the
spring under the pergola, we will drain
them to the honor of all that Punahou
has done and will yet do for Hawaii
Nei, singing with the zeal and loyalty
of true Kamaainas. "So say we all of
us," as we did in the long ago.
Aloha ou kou a pau.

Birtkplace of Hawaii's
First Governor
By Sanford B. Dole
I WAS born at Punahou, my mother
surviving my birth but a day or two.
My memories begin when T was a
little over two years old, when my father
married again. My earliest recollection
is of my father and new mother riding
into the yard at Ewa on horseback and
of our arrival the next day at Punahou
where a group of pupils welcomed us.
T distinctly remember my brother
George, whom I have no recollection of First inter-collegiate football team at Punahou (1891). George Angus was the captain
ever having seen before. He was in a and J. Q. Wood coach. Others in the picture are Henry Hapai, Walter Hayselden,
Richard Lyman, H. H. Walker, Eugene Lyman, Frank Armstrong, S. Edward Damon,
state of high glee at our return, jumping E. E. Lyman and W. W. Chamberlain.
 March, 1924. THE FRIEND 77

member particularly the late Orramel About 1854, Mr. Rice resigned from of the school, hoping to organize it into
Gulick and his brother Charles, who al Punahou and moved with his family to a college which would keep the boys
ways made me welcome. Munson Coan Kauai, having been engaged as manager and girls at home instead of going
on the other hand, and others, whom I of the Lihue Sugar Plantation. Of abroad for a liberal education. A new-
do not remember, were too absorbed in course, we missed them very much, charter was obtained, giving Punahou
their studies ( ?) to tolerate me. especially in vacation time. school the status of a college and a new
There was no insane asylum in those My father had to attend to the farm name, the Oahu College. Mr. E. G.
days and insane persons, not regarded as well as to the school after the Rice Reckwith, who had been the principal of
as dangerous, freely roamed at large, family left. At that period a large the Royal School, was engaged as the
indifferently looked after by their rela fleet of whale ships visited the port of president. My father remained as one
tions. The violent cases were confined Honolulu twice a year to refit and ob of the professors.
in jail, which then was the old fort at tain supplies, and fresh vegetables were (Continued on Page 85)
the foot of Fort Street. in great demand. With the help of the
We were occasionally visited at Puna- water from the bathing pond, and the UVNDB, FRIDAY, NOVKMUKIt to, 18M.
hou by these people, mainly Hawaiians, Hawaiian workmen on the place, my
who were racially a prayerful people. father occupied the summer vacation in
On the occasion to which I refer, an cultivating a considerable crop of corn,
insane man came down the slope above squashes and beans which were sold to
the premises. Finding on the way the the whale ships at good prices. A con
skull of a bullock he set it up on a stone siderable portion of the existing debts
wall and proceeded to worship it with against the school were liquidated
prostrations and genuflections. He then through these profits. PUNAHOU PUTH IT OV&R THE TOWNS,
®&&S)tSi®®®®®S!k *®&S® 0®®©©©®®®®®®®*$' 9Q9
came down to the buildings and visited About this time the trustees of Puna
one of the courts, where there were hou made a new departure in the affairs One of the First Football Caricatures
several bunches of bananas hanging near
the eaves of the low veranda near the
dining rooms. At that period of Puna-
hou's history ripe bananas were per
fectly safe from the boys, less enterpris
ing, perhaps, than the boys of later Childhood Memories
times. The insane man lost no time in By Wm. Hyde Rice*
picking several bananas and eating them
peel and all. He then climbed up a ALTHOUGH I was born at Punahou the store-room, pantries, and kitchen. In
small tamarind tree growing near by in 1846, my earliest recollections of this kitchen was a large open fire-place
and shook it furiously in an apparent our life there naturally date from a few- for cooking, and a built-in brick oven,
paroxysm of rage. By this time, the years later, and, childlike, my impres in which Miss Smith sometimes baked
whole school—teachers and pupils—had sions of the seven and a half years be corn bread as a treat for the youngsters.
all gathered to watch his performances. tween 1846 and 1854 when our family The two end wings, the outer branch
He took no notice of his audience and left Punahou to make its home on es of the E, were divided into four
in a little while went quietly away. Kauai, are not in sequence or order, but rooms each, for hoarders, and across the
At another time, several years later, are entangled in a pleasant confusion. connecting veranda on the mauka wing
some kind of a social was going on on Certain events, important and glowing was our "house" which was built of
a moonlight evening, and Rufus Lyman in the life of a little boy, stand out in brick, as was the similar one in which
and myself, returning from the gate high relief against a hazy background. the Doles lived, across the veranda from
near the present Pauahi Hall, were As I remember it, the building that the makai wing. As I remember, these
met by a man whose staggering walk comprised Punahou in those days was a "houses" were two-storied, and addi
and incoherent utterances satisfied us large one, constructed of coral blocks tional pupils lived upstairs. The two
that he was insane. We immediately covered with adobe made from straw courts formed by the wings were well
retreated to Punahou street and ran and clay, found at Punahou. It was planted, and the outer edge, covered
mauka closely followed by our pursuer built in three wings, parallel with each with pumpkin vines, sloped to a thicket
and finally escaped, well frightened. other, and connected by a long covered of fig trees and bananas, which grew
A smallpox epidemic swept over the veranda, made, I think, of wood. This luxuriantly. The figs were small black
gave the building somewhat the appear ones, very sweet, like those at Makawao.
island of Oahu about 1852 or 1853 and
was very fatal among the Hawaiians. ance of a large E, with the three wings I also remember a tamarind tree
There was a camp for patients near as branches, and the connecting veranda which grew near our door. We enjoyed
Punahou, near the junction of the pre at the back. As each wing projected a the tamarinds, but not the switches cut
way beyond this veranda, the E was from the tree. When my mother whip
sent Wilder Avenue with Alexander
Street. Mr. Rice took refreshments to almost double. The middle wing was ped us, it did not hurt very much, and
the sick people of this camp every day. divided into a dining room, with two when she punished my sister Emily, she
Wine whey prepared at Punahou, was small bed rooms for pupils at the farth jumped up and down and laughed.
one of the drinks that I remember as er end. Across the veranda from this Emily, two years older than I, was full
■ Written from notes taken during the past year
being specially useful to the patients. wing were Miss Marcia Smith's room, by E. J. K. Rice.
78 THE FRIEND March, 192-1.

of pranks, though of sedate appearance. and half brandy, which proved an effica I was not very fond of school work,
When my father switched us, as he cious remedy in many cases. When he and was quite lazy about studying, much
seldom did, it was a serious matter. returned at night, we children were not preferring to be outdoors. Once my
Mr. Dole was the principal of Puna- allowed to go near him until he had mother told me that I could not go
hou, while my father was business man bathed and changed his clothes. riding again until I learned to speli
ager and farmer. One of father's many At about this time my father had the "horse." Then I learned very rapidly.
duties was to teach the boys agriculture. stone wall built, enclosing the Punahou We had a carriage made from an ex
My mother also taught, though she must land, along the Manoa Road, as far press wagon, with seats and a top. No
have been very busy in caring for us, makai as Beretania Street. A part of horse was considered safe to drive in
as I had two sisters, Hannah Maria this wall is still standing, from above a carriage unless too lazy to ride. So.
and Emily, older than myself, and two, Alexander Field to the corner of Wilder when we drove, we had plenty of ex
Mary and Anna, younger than I. In Avenue. Hawaiian workmen were em ercise licking the horse all the way. Al
addition to her own family, she helped ployed on this construction, also. My though there was a small settlement
to care for George and Sanford Dole, father had great difficulty in persuading of houses at Pawaa, the first house be
after their mother's death. them to move a large stone, which they tween Punahou and town was an adol>e
Miss Marcia Smith was the house revered as a Kupua, or local deity. one, belonging to C. E. Williams, on
keeper, and we all stood in awe of her. This was to be placed at one side of the Ewa side of Thomas Square, where
I remember vividly her little green tin the upper gate as a part of the wall. It the Beretania Tennis Courts now are.
trunk, on which I, and many other mis was considered very dangerous to move Nearby lived an old sea captain, a
chievous boys and girls have sat for a Kupua, and disaster was almost sure bachelor, who was very fond of cats.
what seemed hours as punishment for to follow. The workmen believed that He must have owned at least thirty of
some small sin. However, Miss Smith the rock would remain stationary and re them, and as we drove by, we tried to
was very good to me, and in fact, I fuse to be up-rooted, but it was dis count the cats, as they perched on the
was accused of being her pet. placed without any calamity and dragged roof, and peered from every cranny.
I remember very well the building of by a team of oxen to the gate. Between Makiki Street and Thomas
Old School Hall, which my father su All cattle belonging to Punahou and Square stretched the plains, desolate and
pervised, and for which he drew the the various missionaries were pastured uninhabited, a sea of kikanias. These
plans. All labor employed was Ha in Manoa. Each missionary had a' herd grew so tall that a man on horseback
waiian. We were greatly excited by the and a milking pen, and every morning could not be seen among them. The
blasting in the quarry near by, where and afternoon the cows were driven to only streets were lanes cut through the
rock was obtained for the building. their respective pens. All the small boys kikanias, and Beretania Street was the
Father also built the Moiliili Church at helped in this work. Mr. Clark had his racecourse. On Friday afternoons the
about this time, which was a troublous milking pen where the A. J. Campbells horses were caught, and brought into
one, as the smallpox epidemic was now live. town, and on Saturdays the Hawaiians
raging. The
sick, burning
with fever,
sought to assu
age their angu
ish by diving
into cold water.
Consequently,
chills followed,
and thousands
died on every
hand. Many peo
ple were cared
for in grass
houses erected
under my fath
er's supervision,
while every day
he went among
them, caring for
the sick, and
trying to show
those still well
how to take the
simplest precau
tions. He gave
the sick a mix
ture of half milk The Old Tamarind Tree in the Foreground of Cooke Library
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 79

had their riding parties. These were men streaming behind them. Pua-hau, Extracts From An Earl]?
gala events and bands of riders came yellow, and ulalii, red with small dots,
into town from every direction, from were favorites for these pa-us. Punahou Journal
Ewa and Waialua, and from across the Once Sanford Dole held a hurdle race (These brief entries were written by
William De Witt Alexander at the age of
Pali, which was then only crossed by on P.eretania Street, but that may have 14. The writer would never have thought
a steep trail. We used to watch been later, when we both returned to of their being published in any form, but
they give so excellent a picture of the
the riders with envy as they dashed Punahou from Kauai, as full-fledged young school that the editor has asked the
by. the bright-colored pa-tis of the wo boarders. privilege of using them.)
1847. Sept. 14. Punahou. I arrived
here six weeks ago on Friday with
Life At Punah
unanou my two brothers James and Samuel, be
fly Henry1 Munson Lyman in the Punahou Gazette, August 2, 1849 sides Samuel Emerson and William
Y FRIENDS, forsooth vou do not Or now perchance the light ball fling, Forbes, after a pleasant vacation at La-
M know Till marks the clock the time for
school,
hainaluna of three months. I expect
another of two weeks in six weeks, in
How we do live at Punahou ;
Perhaps you would be pleas'd to hear When we must come beneath the rule. twelve weeks from that time another
Plow we spend all the livelong year. of the same length, and in twelve weeks
In school we stay three more hours after that, another long vacation to con
O Muse, my pen and thoughts inspire. long. tinue three months. I am now studying
And leave me not to black despair ; Oh muse, now help me on my song; under the care of Mr. Dole in Astron
Help me now all the truth to tell. Oh treat me not with cool contempt. omy, Sallust, Surveying, Greek and
And justice do for the old bell. But deign to aid my first attempt. Spelling, and Composition. We prac
tice composition on Wednesday after
Aloud it rings at early morn ; If it is Thursday afternoon, noon merely. In the last hour Mr.
We rise, and our sweet beds we scorn ; We write about the sun or moon, Dole reads the best compositions to the
Then armed with hoes, soon forth we Or on the planets distant far, school, and the boys practice in speaking
rush Or else upon the twinkling star. dialogues and speeches. The way that
T'encountcr ants, and weeds, and slush. we spend the different hours of the day
At half past three we take the floor, is as follows. We are awaked at five
Then long with moistened brows we And when the speaking all is o'er, o'clock in the morning by the ringing
toil, The Critic's read behind the desk, of a bell. At half past five the
Long waiting for the beef to boil ; But seldom deals in rude burlesque. bell rings for work. We work till
Till by the bell we all are warned seven when the first bell rings for
The table is with food adorned. The editress then takes her seat, breakfast for us to come up from
The editor resumes his feet, work, change our clothes, and get ready
Breakfast is o'er, we're called to pray'r; And now is shown the excellence for breakfast. The second bell rings in
Our minds are quite at peace while Of the young gents and ladies sense. quarter of an hour afterwards for us to
there. come to table. After breakfast we have
We read awhile we sing, and pray School o'er wc work while it is light, prayers, and after prayers we go, and
God us to keep from sin each day. Save here and there a lazy wight, put our rooms in order. The school
Who nothing does but sit and sport begins at nine o'clock and continues
Then we all to our rooms repair ; While the boys work within the court. until twelve, there being two recesses of
The floor we sweep, the beds prepare; fifteen minutes each, one at ten, and
Then read, or write, or exercise, At six o'clock our work is done,
the other at eleven. At half past twelve
Till nine o'clock calls up the wise. And supper quickly is begun.
we have dinner, and at two the after
At eight o'clock, when pray'rs are o'er,
noon school begins, which continues till
Three pleasant hours we spend in Most take their books with looks de
five with a recess of 15 minutes at three
school ; mure.
and four. After school we work till
Some study hard, but some like a fool half past six when we go to supper.
Waste choicest time in idle play, On Saturday our rooms we scrub :
After that in the courts we grub. After supper we study or hear reading
And in at recess have to stay. in Taylor's Manual of History till bed
In pleasures then wc end the day
In sports, or rambles far away. time. There are eighteen boarders in
The forenoon past, we haste to lave
the school, and eighteen others come up
Our heads beneath the foulest wave
We on the pleasant Sabbath morn from Honolulu to school, and bring
In the dirty, muddy, filthy pond
Our eager steps to chapel turn their dinners with them.
Of which some boys are very fond.
Then after we've returned from church Sept. 15. The afternoon being Wed
The bell soon rings, and some are We all commence the Scripture search. nesday afternoon, we wrote composi
tions. I wrote a composition on the
dressed,
But others come with fallen crest, Well now I have described to you Idle Boy. It was rather a poor one
And downcast take their tardy place, How we spend time at Punahou, though better than I expected. In the
When Mr. Dole has said the grace. So now I'll bid you all good-bye, last hour we spoke dialogues. I spoke
Dinner o'er, we write, read or sing; And to my book I'll turn my eye. part of a dialogue called The School
so THE FRIEND March, 1924.

Master. We got off pretty well, though mother to James. He also brought up Kamehameha. Mr. and Mrs. Rice went
we had all the ladies, and Mr. and Mrs. the intelligence that his father has en over to Kaneohe today. I had a lame
Dimond, up there to see us. There gaged a whole ship on which to take foot, and rode in the wagon till we
were two other dialogues spoken, one passage to America, the Abraham How- came to the king's house. We had a
of which was a very good one land, Capt. Walker. His parents are to picnic in the verandah of the king's
Today I got up with John in surveying. come down this week and the vessel will house. Most of the boys walked to the
Sept. 17. This afternoon Mr. Rice sail next week, or week after. pali, the rest staid at the house till they
made a purchase of a new hlack horse Oct. 6. Wednesday. Today Mr. got back. We then returned and got
from a native man. He gave for it his Emerson, and his son Samuel, arrived there at dark. . . .
old, lame, gray horse and ten dollars to see about Samuel's going to the Nov. 7. Sunday. This morning we
beside. He appears to be a very good United States. He is intending to go were prevented from attending meeting
horse. in the Brutus with Capt. Adams. by the rain. Mr. Dole preached up
Sept. 20. This afternoon we received Oct. 15. Friday. Today Samuel here. After meeting we learned that
letters from home, one of which was a Emerson and Win. Emerson arrived Mr. Richards, who had long been ill
very excellent letter of advice from my over here from Waialua. Their father had died at quarter past ten in the
father. It contained an order for five stopped at Honolulu. He will remain morning. His death is a loss to the
dollars on Messrs. Castle and Hall. One here till Samuel goes to America, which government, the nation, and the church
dollar I shall use to buy some books, will probably be next week Thursday. on these islands for no one took a
another will be James', and another This afternoon Mr. Dole awarded the greater interest in its welfare than he.
Samuel's, and the remaining two dollars prize for the best composition in the He died of a disease of the brain in the
I am going to have for my own. In small class on kindness. In the evening left temple. He has left a family be
the afternoon Mr. Dole proposed a prize we went to Mrs. Rice's room. It was hind him, his wife and several children.
of a pen knife to the one who should probably the last time that we shall all who are now fatherless. It was rainy
produce the most (excellent?) transla meet together there throughout the day. In the evening it
tion of speech of Adherbal in Sallust. Oct. 23. Saturday. Today Mr. Forbes poured down in torrents and a flood of
At the same time he offered a prize of and family sailed for the U.S.A. In water come pouring torrents into the
a pen-knife to the one of the small the morning there was a farewell meet cellar. Two of the boys discovered it
boys who would write the best com ing of the missionaries at Mr. Castle's. and gave the alarm. We immediately
position on Kindness. In the evening We went down to it as soon as break pulled off our shoes, some of us our
Willy Rice was dangerously ill. They fast was finished. It was a short and jackets, and took our hoes and went to
were afraid he would have the croup. . . affecting meeting. Mr. Armstrong spoke work. After working hard for more
Oct. 1. Saturday. This morning but a few words, and then said he was than half an hour, we succeeded in
Anderson, Dwight and I got up about a poor hand at such business, and then getting the water turned off, and were
ten minutes to three. Orramel, Alvah Mr. Dole prayed. After the meeting glad to go to bed.
and a great many other boys got up was over we took leave of those whom Nov. 13, Saturday. Today we went
to see us set off for Kaneohe. We got we perhaps were to see no more. In down to Mr. Richards' funeral. The
off at half past three. Wre had each a the afternoon Dwight and I got leave procession was formed at Mr. Lowell
lunch from Miss Smith, and a stalk of of Mrs. Rice and went down to Hono Smith's dwelling-house and proceeded
sugar-cane to take along with us. The lulu. When we arrived there we were through town to the stone meeting
moon shone bright, and we had a good told that they had gone down to the house (Kawaiahao). First came the
road all the way. We arrived at the wharf. We hastened to the wharf and ministers in front of the coffin. Among
pali a little before daylight and arrived found them just getting into the boat. them were several Catholic priests. Be
at Kaneohe about seven, a little before We immediately jumped in and were hind the coffin came the chief mourn
breakfast. Mrs. Parker was very glad taken on board. We staid on board ers, first Mrs. Richards and her chil
to see us. After breakfast we took a some time. There were many others on dren, then Dr. Judd and Mrs. Judd and
ride with Henry Parker up to the ohia lxjard, among others Mr. Emerson who their children, and behind them the
grove. We stayed till about half past had come to bid farewell to his son. king, and chiefs, and lastly a number
three in the afternoon. We took Prim. The parting was very affecting. Many of the foreign residents. After the pro
Mr. Parker's old horse, and Henry's were in tears. At length it was an cession had come into the stone meet
donkey part of the way to the pali. nounced that the boat was going ing house, Mr. Armstrong preached a
Dwight and Anderson rode the horse, ashore, and we took leave of our friends funeral sermon. Mr. Dole is to preach
and Henry and I the donkey. The don and jumped in the boat. The departure tomorrow. In the evening Mrs. Rich
key was so stubborn that we sent him of Mr. Forbes and Mrs. Dibble is quite ards came up with her children, to
back with him and the horse. Henry a loss to the Mission, and to Punahou spend the Sabbath. . . .
took them back and then rode back and school. We miss Anderson Forbes Dec. 24, Friday. Today the Mission
accompanied us to the pali. We got very much. families were invited to spend the next
back quarter to seven in the evening. Oct. 25. This afternoon Mr. Dole Christmas up here. Mr. Rice had the
Mrs. Parker sent a couple of cakes to got out his compass and chain and we rooms ornamented with "maile." The
James and an orange for Samuel. surveyed Punahou. afternoon school was discontinued and
Oct. 4. Monday. Today Anderson Oct. 27. Wednesday. This morning we spent it in putting everything in
went down to I lonolulu to bring up the David Hitchcock, Alvah Clark and Mr. order around the house.
letters. He brought up a letter from Andrews arrived from Molokai in the (Continued on page 82)
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 81

Cooke Library Is jSIotabh

A NOTABLE feature of Punaliou and Mrs. Cooke, and has been the cen was added later as a memorial to Mr.
School is the Cooke Library. This ter of great interest since 1908 when the Cooke. Representative of the best in art
was the gift of the late Mr. C. M. Cooke cornerstone was laid. The art gallery in many schools and periods, the pictures
in this gallery form
a remarkable col
lection.
A group of Jap
anese candlesticks
collected b y t h e
late Mr. Philip
Dodge in Japan,
and later acquired
by Mrs. Cooke, is
also available for
study here. There
are three hundred
pieces in this rare
and interesting col
lection.
The art gallery
is open to the pub
lic, as well as to
the students during
library hours, 8 a.
m. to 4 p. in. and
on Saturday morn
ings. It is thus a
great community
asset.
About 23.000 Cooke Library
volumes are in the
library, embracing
an unusual collec
tion in history and
art. A collection
of I lawaiian books,
mainly from the
private collection of
the late Gorham
D. Gilman, Consul-
General from Ha
waii to the United
States during the
days of the Repub
lic, is also a fea
ture of the library.
Greatly enhanc
ing the value and
l>eauty of the libra
ry, is a group of
Roman emperors
in rare Italian
marble. The busts
are copies of fa
mous pieces in Ro
man museums and
were made for Mr.
Frank Howard in
* l.'untinutd 00 fft 83) Cooke Art Gallery
82 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

Extracts From An Early Punahou

Journal
(Continued from page 80)
Dec. 25, Saturday. Christmas. The
day was celebrated in an unusual man
ner for this place. After nine o'clock
the Mission families came up one after
another. The young chiefs in Mr.
Cooke's school came up also. Mr. and
Mrs. Damon were also invited. There
were in all 101 persons up here. We
had a very pleasant time together. The
young chiefs played ball with us most
of the forenoon. The dinner was in
high style. The table was set with a
large variety of dishes, and those served
in the best manner. The older people
went to dinner first and all the children
came in afterwards, and though the
table was extended through the dining
and prayer rooms, there was hardly
room for them. In the afternoon Mr.
Damon preached a Christmas sermon
in Mr. Rice's room, and thus the day
was concluded. The families who had
come up from Honolulu then returned
and the day ended pleasantly.
Jan. 1, Saturday. We kept New Year's
day in a pleasant manner at home. In
the morning after we had done our
work we went and paid Mrs. Rice a
visit. Mrs. Rice gave each of us little
presents of raisins and sugar plums.
Many other little presents of little
books, etc., were given around. In the
afternoon Dwight and myself went
down to Honolulu and spent some time
there ....
Jan. 9, Sunday. We went down to
meeting in the chapel today for the
first time since it has been repaired.
Mr. Damon's text was Gen. 28:19, "And
he called the name of that place Bethel."
The opening and closing hymns were
composed by a sailor before the mast.
Jan. 28, Friday. This was the last
day of the term. After school was out
in the afternoon Mr. Dole made us an PunahDU, Where lolani School Now Stands
address. He gave us some advice about
our conduct in vacation and then dis Alexander) expects to come to school Feb. 24, Thursday. This evening
missed the school. This evening the next term Orramel, John, William Gulick arrived
Kamehameha HI came in with my fath Feb. 20, Sunday. We arrived here from Waialua. It was very rainy to
er on board. Mr. Rice went down with today (from Maui) at quarter to nine. day, so much so that the girls had to
his wagon and brought him up. Mr. We walked up to Mr. Rogers' and took stay up in the evening and spend the
Baldwin and family also came down. breakfast and afterwards walked up to night. The larger boys spent the even
Jan. 29. This morning Dwight and Punahou ing in Mr. Rice's room with the girls.
I went down to Honolulu. I saw Mr. Feb. 23, Wednesday. This was com Feb. 26, Saturday. This morning
Baldwin and his family and spent the position day. Mr. Dole told us to write early Orramel and Alvah started for
forenoon there. Mr. Baldwin has come our compositions and bring them to him Kaneohe on horseback. About 5 o'clock
down for the sake of his wife's health. some time in the course of the week. we heard the firing of cannon and after
Abbie Baldwin (afterwards Mrs. W. D. Mine was on Energy. wards saw Samoset coining around Dia-
March, 1924. THE FRIEND 83

mond Head. She was firing for a pilot. Feb. 27, Sunday. Today it was very velt, and are a feature exhibit at least
She made a fine appearance with every rainy, so that we staid at home. We once each year.
sail set, and sky sails up. She is as recited to Mr. Dole the Shorter Catech
large as a frigate, being of 700 tons ism. Mr. Dole read in the Sermons of
burden. It had five missionaries on Jeremiah Taylor. Roster of Punakou Presidents
board ; of whom Mr. and Mrs. Kinney Rev. Daniel Dole. A.M ...1841-1854
and Mr. Dwight are to remain here, Rev. Edward Griffin Beckwith D.D.
and Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson will proceed Cooke Library) is Notable Rev. Cyrus Taggart Mills, D.D
1854-1859
1860-1864
to Oregon in two weeks. (Continued from page 81) William De Witt Alexander,
Nice. Mr. Howard later brought these LL.D., F.R.G.S 1864-1871
Edward Payson Church, A.B 1871-1875
to Hawaii and they were acquired by Amasa Pratt, A.B 1875-1878
Mrs. Cooke. Rev. William Ladd Jones, A.B 1878-1883
Rev. William Carter Merritt, A.B. 1883-1890
A group of Babylonian tablets dating Frank Alvan Hosmer, A.M 1890-1900

YOU from 500 to 2300 B. C. is still another

unusual feature of the library. These
were presented by Mr. W. D. Wester-
Rev. Arthur Maxson Smith, A.M.,
Ph.D
Arthur Floyd Griffiths, A.M
Arthur A. Hauck, A.B
1900-1902
1902-1922
1922
MMSSMBSMMJKByoUJMMMM
are offered, free of all charge, the
expert advice service of our STOCK
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department makes a point of obtain
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Armco, the Symbol of Economy

A RMCO is the name of the iron that resists rust. If iron can be made
** to resist rust, the object into the construction of which that iron
enters lasts indefinitely instead of going quickly to pieces. This, of
course, means a saving in money, whether the amount involved is a
million dollars in railway equipment or a hundred in a kitchen range.
Rust has no appreciable effect on absolutely pure iron. Armco is
99.84 per cent pure; that is to say, a commercially pure iron.
The Honolulu Iron Works Company is wholesale distributor for
Armco products in the Territorv of Hawaii.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.
Wholesale Distributors

BE
84 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

The
Royal Maximum Accident
Policy
BENEFITS FOR ACCIDENTAL LOSS OF:
Ordinary Benefits Double Benefi
$7,500 - - -
Life -
- $15,000
7,500 - - Two Limbs - 15,000
7,500 - Both Eyes - - 15,000
7,500 - One Eye and One Limb 15,000
3,750 - One Limb - - 7,500
3,750 - - One Eye - 7,500
1 ,500 Thumb & Index Finger <3f either Hand 3,000

WEEKLY INDEMNITY
Ordinary Benefits Double Benefits
$25.00 Total Disability (period unlimited) $50.00
37.50 Partial Disability (limit 52 weeks) 25.00
37.50 Hospital Confinement

LIBERAL PROVISION IS ALSO MADE FOR

Surgical Operations, Medical Treatment, Elective Bene
fits and Identification
Annual Premium in occupations classed :
Select or Preferred (Class 1 or 2) $25.00
Extra Preferred (Class 2+) 30.00
Age Limit: 18 to 60 Years
LARGER OR SMALLER POLICIES ISSUED AT PROPORTIONATE
RATES

Castle & Cooke, Limited

General Agents, Honolulu, Hawaii

SKSSSiTSgS2SiZS2 52 5SS2S2 S2S252S252S2S2S2S2 52S2S252 SinuTSiniS:'! 5252Sir525252 525252 525222525252525252525222l2£:

IVlarch, 1924. THE FRIEND 85

Birthplace of Hawaii's Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited

DRINK
First Governor STOCKS AND BONDS
(Continued from Page 77)
a
I cannot remember all the circum
Cascade" REAL ESTATE
INSURANCE
stances, but partly having to do with my
mother's health, my father severed his Ginger Ale SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
relations with the college in another Authorized by law to act
3'ear and moved to the island of Kauai. as Trustee, Executor, Ad
where in Koloa, he established a school,
and later, was made the pastor of a con-
Rycroft Arctic Soda Works, Ltd. ministrator and Guardian.
Solo Agent*. Capital, Surplus and Un
S'regational English speaking church or
Telephone 2270 divided Profits Over One
ganized by the residents of Koloa and
the neighboring district of Lihue. Million Dollars.
The time had not arrived for a col-
legfe in the Hawaiian Islands. The
young people, ambitious for a liberal
education, still strayed away to the Metropolitan Meat
United States, and Oahu College re
mained the high school, gradually meet Market
C. Brewer & Co.
ing' the growth and demands of the LIMITED
Hawaiian community. ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.

Our large shipping business is quite

independent of our family trade. General Mercantile Commission Agents,
Lewers & Cooke, We endeavor to keep both phases Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.
of our business at top notch.
Limited.
50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445 AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho
nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co..
Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
Tel. 2478. Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
Box S61 Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar

CITY MILL Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.

Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald
win Locomotive Works.
LUMBER, BUILDING MATERIALS
WALL PAPERS, MIXED PAINTS,
CO., LTD,
CONTRACTORS
OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President;
R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager;
Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R
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86 THE FRIEND March, 1924.

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 THE FRIEND

Dr. A. L. Dean
Newly elected president of the
Hazvaiian Board.

"([\\e Hawaiian Board of Missions be

lieves {hat me United States as a represent
ative Christian nation should not unneces
sarily affront Japan and sow* seeds of inter
national misunderstanding and hatred. We
therefore urge the veto of the immigration
hill in its present form."
Text of a cablegram sent to Presi
dent Coolidge following a special
meeting of the Board April 25, 1924.

HONOLULU APRIL, 1924 HAWAII

142 THE FRIEND June, 1924
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU, HAWAII, APRIL, 1924 No. 4

New President of Hawaiian Board is President

of the University
By ALBERT F, JUDD Dr. Dean is more interested in the By FRANK C. ATHERTON
Why was he elected ? future of Hawaii than in reading "the HE election of Dr. A. L. Dean as
Dr. Arthur L. Dean has made Ha
waii his home now for ten years ; one
minutes of the last meeting" as Secre T President of the Hawaiian Board is
tary of the Interior Fisher once said a fitting tribute to the Christian charac
of his three children has been born ter and ability of an educational leader.
here in a famous interview. Anyone
here. He and Mrs. Dean were New
who will read carefully Dr. Dean's The Hawaiian Board is the oldest
Englanders, and neither of them have
had to have explained to them the his article in "The Centennial Book, 1820- and largest organization which is ac
torical background of the New Eng- 1920" will see that this is so. He has tively carrying on the work inaugurated
lander in Hawaii. They knew it, for it already established himself a proven by the missionary fathers and mothers
is their own background. Mr. Dean is leader in the task of making real to further Christian ideals among the
a citizen of Hawaii. He eats poi daily, Americans of the persons born in Ha people of these Islands. With its large
not from affection, but because he truly waii of Asiatic parentage, of giving number of Christian ministers and lay-
likes it as do na mea kupa o Hawaii. workers, it is touching the lives of
them training in self-restraint and self-
With these indicia of Dr. Dean's thousands of men and women, boys and
control without which they can make no
through planting in Hawaii, it is not girls of many nationalities throughout
contribution to the perpetuation of
surprising that the Board elected him these Islands. For some time past its
American institutions in this part of
as its president, not only unanimously most active members have come to
the United States, seeing to it that they
but with enthusiasm. It is perhaps realize that the greatest problem
acquire and make their own the spirit
significant that at the present stage of Hawaii faces today is the inculcating of
of Christ, on the principles of whom
the Board's history the Board did not Christian ideals and principles in the
our nation was founded. Dr. Dean
hesitate to select Dr. Dean because he young people of our schools and in
knows that whatever may be the be
is not a scion of an Hawaiian mission those who are entering every field of
liefs and actions of individual Ameri
ary family. commercial, industrial and professional
cans it is a fact too often not spoken of
He is a man of quiet manner and life. Recognizing Christian principles
that our national institutions were
speech, a thoughtful person. He has as the basis of American civilization it
framed for people of the Christian civi follows that the task of making good
the reserve of the New Englander and lization. Dr. Dean deeply appreciates
the student. He is a student not only American citizens of Hawaii's young
the responsibility now upon the Hawai people is vitally related to that of giv-
of such a practical and valuable thing ian Board and upon him as its new
as chaumoolgra oil, but also of men. inf them a Christian education.
leader.
and women, their thoughts, their sur Dr. Dean came to Hawaii some years
His is a quiet piety with considerate ago, almost an entire stranger, but has
roundings, the things they do and the thought and wise action based on an
things they should do but do not do. made a distinct impression on the whole
analysis of the facts—not the piety of Territory. Hawaii is the richer, be
He is trained to give a balanced judg the historical variety.
ment on the significance of events and cause of his scholarly attainments, his
tendencies in our body politic. He has The second hundred years of Chris contributions to scientific knowledge,
shown it in the conduct of our young tianity in Hawaii has already begun. his leadership and ability in developing
and growing university that his execu The problems are more complicated, the University of Hawaii, his study of
tive capacity is of no mean order. There more intricate and more delicate than our racial groups and his assistance in
and elsewhere where men have come in those of 1820. helping to solve some of the problems
contact with him they have recognized The solution requires the same devo connected with them. He has actively
his intellectual qualities and his capacity tion and zeal, but the approach must be participated in community and civic af
for intellectual leadership. different. To fit the approach to the fairs, showing always a sympathetic
Daily is he in touch with the youth problems requires careful analysis, a and kindly attitude towards the prob
of Hawaii through the University. In sympathetic knowledge of the new con lems of the Territory, and his willing
this respect his presidency of the Board ditions and the wise and considerate ness to devote his time and strength
will not lead him away from his chosen thought of a leader in education. to the best interest of the community.
vocation, but the Board will have as its With Dr. Dean as their president, the Therefore, it is most fitting that an
president one whose thoughts daily are members of the Hawaiian Board look outstanding educational leader of Chris
on their problem, the youth of Hawaii. forward with confidence. tian character should be chosen to pre
 THE FRIEND June, 1924
144

ministry. To him the ending of religion it? Toward answering this question, a an exasperatingly slow tub. W ykliffs.
is the only hope of mankind, and the few simple propositions are worth hold Husses and Luthers, Calvins, Knoxes
ing in view. and Tyndales, Emersons, Channings ant'
sooner the better.
First, it is a bold prophet who would Parkers are the hope of a Church. The
Last week Dr. Swartz told us that
foretell the future of the Christian Episcopal denomination, in refusing m
60 per cent of the people of Indiana
Church. Its overthrow has been prog- bother itself with modern heretics am!
have no religions affiliation whatever.
nozed many times, always with ultimate in calmly allowing them to have the:r
In San Francisco, with 600,000 inhab
discredit to the blundering fortune tell say within its communion, is demonstrat
itants, there are only 13.000 Protestant
church members. Our college young ers. There are the very best of reasons ing the mind of the Great Father who
people are notable for non-church at for this failure to prophesy the future sends rain upon the evil and good an<!
tendance. Old-time revivalism is dead. of this great institution. Perhaps the makes His sun to shine on the just an.!
Nothing has come to take its place, most cogent of these reasons is the fact the unjust.
though Christian education is being that religion is a basic experience in Again it behooves one to be very
groomed for this task. Only last fall human life. You find no tribe without it. chary of prophesying the dissolution o:
Dr. Jefferson, pastor of the Broadway And all religions, even those of the organized Christianity, because the
Tabernacle, often called "The Cathedral most primitive peoples, have one prin Church has a habit of rising from the
Church of American Congregational ciple in common. That principle is that dead. As a spiritual agency nothing
ism," declared: "The Church is gradu God is man's Father. The forms which could have been deader than the Roman
ally falling to pieces, all because men this principle takes vary from the spe Church under the Borgias, but out of
have forgotten the ideal. The Church cial deity of a family to the one divine that vile decomposition the reformation
is demoralized — its corporate life is Father, not only of the entire human both in and out of that venerable insti
enfeebled. The Christian community is race, but of the universe of being. In tution sprang into life. I think Dr
in imminent danger of disintegration."' this conception of fatherhood lies the McConnell is right. Except where the
essential unity of all religions. To attack- minister is a talking genius or peculiar!;.-
Twenty-five years ago next Septem
theological systems and wean worship favorable conditions prevail, the task ot
ber, Dr. Peter T. Forsyth of England,
ers from a given set of dogmas is a running successfully a city (not a subur
then one of the ten and probably of the
comparatively easy task, but to over ban) church is heartbreaking. It is n>
five leading Congregationalists of the
throw the universal conviction of God wonder that brilliant young men turn
world, and at the time a guest in my
house, was asked: "What is to be the as Father, which the entire human the call to the ministry down. But thi-
family has experienced, is a very dif is due to the fact that the Church is
future of the Church?" His reply was:
"I see nothing ahead but a large deser ferent proposition. It will not be done cursed with denominational rivalry. It
tion of the Church by the people, as at in one day, even though millions should cannot divide the world into parishe?
fall away from open adherence to the and work each of them as a great
tendance ceases to be a badge of respec
tability. A small nucleus of those con organized churches of Christ. community proposition. When the co
Again this conviction of a divine operative era in the Church shall have
stitutionally attracted to religious services
will remain. They will perform the high Father has expressed itself in the richest, scrapped all the competitive machinery,
function of a most-needed leaven in the most powerful and most enduring set of this demand for a combination in the
institutions among men. These have pulpit of orator, athlete, oracle, mystica!
life of the community. Like leaven they
changed continuously. The very fact of genius, at once poet and prophet an!
will be small in quantity, but great in
master of prose, administrative Xap-
quality and performance." their power to adapt themselves to
lcon, good mixer, indefatigable paster
Dr. McConnell says: "The goal to changing environment is a demonstra
and scintillating after-dinner wit, vil!
which religion, therefore, would seem to tion of their naturalness. Religion is
be moving is a Church of the Savior- subject to evolution. The great natural cease to exist. We are apparently in the
God—freed from bondage to history, un- law of growth, of development, applies throes of a new birth in organized re
trammeled by Scripture, unharrassed by to religion. That is a mighty evidence ligion. I do not look with Bi?h:>r'
of its life. It belongs to the order of Brown for the end of religion, but u>:
definitions, open without question to all
nature. Disintegration in the Church is a resurrection of the Church into larger
who ' 'neath life's crushing load' would
and infinitely more inspiring religiou-
find solace for their body and soul in but the beginning of a new integration.
expression, freer, more cosmopolitan,
symbolic union with the spirit and the The criticisms of its supi>orters also
more all things to all men. fitter vehiclt
body of the broken God. 'the promise are a demonstration of the vitality of
of God, who comes to each man in \va;-
of all religions, the cry which makes all the Church. It is reformable from
consonant with his individuality.
creeds one.' " His picture of the future within. Like a healthy human system it
Church is that it will be sought only by grows its own anti-bodies and anti The most remarkable manifestation
those who find emotional satisfaction in toxins for every species of poison germ. of the emergence of a new living Church
the symbolism of the communion feast. Tt is of tremendous value and of the on earth is the youth movement. Go t>
Such is a sketch of the plight of largest significance to have a Bishop China, study the "New Thought tide."
organized Christianity drawn by a group Brown, a Percy Grant, a Leighton as they call it there, engineered by stu
not of disaffected souls, but of conspicu Parks, a Dr. Crapsey, inside of a de dents of both sexes, somewhat oppose'
ously successful leaders, after decades nomination of Christians. Religion, like to our Occidental Christianity, but essen
of rich religious experience. Can the a ship's bottom, is apt to become cov tially Christian in spirit, brimming w::i"
Church be saved from the catastrophe ered with barnacles—to grow a crop of the ideal of service. Next cross ove*
which these gifted men see threatening whiskers that make out of a clipper ( Continued on page 146)
June, 1924 THE FRIEND 145

Dedication of the New Central Union CKurcK

By Rev. Albert W. Palmer, D. D.
' I 'HE dream of "the church in a In the evening there was only an
*■ garden" has at last come true ! informal hour of organ music and
At one of the Dedication Week an address by Dr. Palmer on "The
services Mr. Shattuck told the story Temple of the Spirit," but in spite
of the crowded day the evening
of a little girl who came to her
service was well attended and
mother at daybreak saying : "Wake
much appreciated for its quiet and
up ! A new world is beginning !"
restful beauty.
A new world is certainly beginning
for Central Union Church as it Sunday was followed by a week
now comes into full possession of of dedication festivities of various
sorts. Monday night was the "dedi
the beautiful church and educa
tional buildings which have been cation to civic welfare." A flag
was presented to the church on
so long anticipated.
this occasion by Mr. Charles H.
Although the church school Atherton in memory of his father,
moved up to the new quarters J. B. Atherton, and notable ad
Easter and church services were dresses on civic righteousness were
held in the new building on Holy delivered by Governor Farrington
Thursday, Good Friday and Easter, and Dr. Swartz.
the formal dedication did not oc Tuesday the Rotary Club seld its
cur until the week beginning Sun meeting in the Parish House, Dr.
day, May 18. (By the merest co Palmer having been a Rotarian
incidence this happened to be the for many years, and on Wednes
minister's forty-fifth birthday as day night a splendid rendition of
well !) "The Messiah" constituted the
After having held services three dedication to music.
Sundays in the new Parish House, The dinner and entertainment,
it was with great joy that the The dream realized. complimentary to all the working
congregation entered into perma men who had been employed on
nent possession of the new church on The formal service of dedication the building, was a unique and very
Sunday, May 18. First of all came the came at 3 o'clock, participated in by much worth-while feature of the dedi
children and young people, who made a ministers of other races, represented cation. About one hundred and fifty
pilgrimage of the grounds, and as each by Rev. T. Okumura and Rev. Akaiko of the men came, ate dinner together
departmental group entered the church Akana, and by Rishop La Mothe, rep and enjoyed a first-class entertainment
they were greeted by the minister, who resenting other branches of the church, of music, stunts and movies in the
explained briefly something about the and Governor Farrington, representing Parish House. Then they were invited
building and then sent them on their the community at large. One very im over to the church to hear the new
way. pressive feature was the processional, organ. As they were on their way the
The morning service at 11 o'clock which formed at the Parish House and chimes serenaded them with old familiar
was devoted to a dedication of the marched into the church, headed by the tunes. The men entered the church
vested choir of St. Andrew's Cathedral with great reverence and evident pride
chimes. They remained silent until
with flag and cross. In the proces in the edifice they had helped to build,
after the service began, when they
sion marched the persons mentioned and listened with the greatest appre
pealed forth with "Holy, Holy, Holy," above, and also the Mayor, the clergy ciation as Mr. Carruth played number
and, after a responsive dedicatory exer of the city of various denominations, after number on the beautiful new
cise, the chimes again sounded from the Dr. Doremus Scudder and the ministers organ.
belfry with the exultant notes of "Joy of the church. The exercises included Friday afternoon was given over to
to the World." The "Sanctus" from a beautiful responsive service of dedi the dedication to childhood and youth.
Gounod's St. Cecilia Mass, which fol cation, a dedication anthem written by Each department of the church school
lowed, will long be remembered as one the minister and set to music by Mr. held appropriate exercises in its own
of the most beautiful and uplifting Carruth, the organist, and a dedicatory building and then all gathered for a
musical offerings ever sung in Hono hymn, written by Philip H. Dodge and closing service in the outdoor audi
lulu. With this fine background. Dr. sung over thirty-one years ago at the torium.
Swartz, president of the Pacific School dedication of the old church. Dr. A second Sunday came and was de
of Religion, of Berkeley, California, Swartz preached a vigorous and voted to the dedication of the Joseph
preached a tender and searching ser thoughtful sermon on the educational, Piatt Cooke Memorial Organ at the
mon on the text: "My house shall be prophetic and priestly function of the morning service and of the pulpit Bible
called a house of prayer." church. given in memory of Deacon William A.
146 THE FRIEND June, 1924

Bowen at the evening service. The advance side by side with Father
organ was dedicated by a special hood to the place of pre-eminence
responsive service written by Dr. The war was a denial of Brother
Palmer, who afterward preached hood and hence of Fatherhood by
on "The Ministry of Music." In the Church, and in realizing thi*
the evening Dr. Scudder, for many
sin and turning from it the Church
years pastor of the church, preach
is finding itself a part of Jesus'
ed on "Can the Church Be Saved?"
The Monday evening following prophesy, as the other folds, the
brought the festivities of. dedica other religions, are with it bein^
tion to a close with the opening re led by the spirit of the Master into
cital on the Joseph Piatt Cooke the one great flock, the one great
Memorial Organ, an excellent and family of our God. We are too
varied program being given by closely a part of this mighty pro
Mr. William W. Carruth, F.A.G.O., cess to see its details clearly. Read
organist of Mills College, assisted modern missionary utterances and
by his wife, Connell K. Carruth, you will note how the religions are
F. A. G. O., organist of St. Paul's
approaching one another on the
Church, Oakland.
basis of the truth of Our Father.
It is the greatest movement in the
Can tke CKurcK Be Sa\)ed? world, this steady current toward
(Continued from page 144)
to Japan and take in the full mean religious unity. And as the Church
ing of the revolt against that form of Jesus takes its place in the One
of wholesale murder which we call Flock it will hear the Master'?
war. There is nothing like it in his voice : "Thy faith hath saved thee,
tory ; to me, familiar as I have been go into peace."
with Japan for nearly forty years, Interior view showing the stately dignity of the new ch urch
it seems almost a miracle. Then happen Council of the Churches of Christ in
in on Russia. The entire Bolshevik ex- America is full of promise for the re- Dr. Palmer Resigns
periment has been carried on by young birth of Christianity in the Church of TO the sincere regret of the member
men and women. The rest of Europe also Jesus. While the Council as yet is cursed ship of Central Union Church and
is witnessing a birth into full self-con- with the antiquated narrowness of ex- of the entire community, Dr. Albert \Y.
sciousness on the part of youths and eluding a number of liberal denomina Palmer has tendered his resigmtion a>
sciousness on the part of youths and maid tions from membership, it is learning to pastor of Central Cnion Church.
ens who as yet resemble the man Jesus co-operate with Catholic and Jew for Coming immediately after the re
healed, to whose eyes men were as trees occasional great objectives. Perhaps, moval to the new church and the suc
walking. When the vision of world unity therefore, the Greater Boston Federation cessful and inspiring week of dedica
bursts upon their full-orbed sight they of Churches and Religious Organizations tion services, the announcement of Dr.
will move with the might of a great is the most significant of all the feder Palmer's call to the First Congfrega-
spiritual army. And even sordid, selfish, ative movements in the world. Here tional Church of Oak Park, a suburb
smug America is feeling the thrill of Churches of Christ are bound together of Chicago, and his determination to
the new era. What does it mean when with non-Christian religious bodies for accept, caused deep concern. How
students of Nordic blood—Nordic! that transcendent moral issues. Very quietly ever, Dr. Palmer's official letter of re>-
strange figment of colorphobia, racial it is leading the way toward Jesus' ignation makes clear the fact that the
antipathy and egoistic conceit which prophesy: "Many sheep I have which call was entirely unsolicited, and that
brings a pitying smile to the face of are not of this fold, them also I must while in recent months, in six different
every first-class ethnologist on earth— bring and there shall be one flock." instances, he had learned that his name
what does it mean when students fed The war faced the Christian Church was before other churches in varios-
up to nausea by our press with Nordic with the conviction that with its insis parts of the country, he had written
pap, in convention after convention reg tence upon theologic thinking, rather insisting them that his name be with
ister their votes by the hundred against than upon Christ-like living, it had, ever drawn, as he felt that he could no:
race prejudice and pledge themselves since the early Christian centuries, been leave an unfinished task here.
"never again" to become actors in the false to the only religious fundamental With the completion of the new
infernal tragedy of war? Read care there is, God's Fatherhood. First, it had church and subsidiary buildings,—tin-
fully that little sheet known as the New put Jesus in God's place, and then Mary actuality of a "Church in a Garden,"—
Student and you will realize that there and the saints in the room of Jesus. In Dr. Palmer feels that the work he
is in existence a youth movement of Christian experience God had to come came here to do seven years ago i.~
infinite value to our nation, to the world back to I lis own as the lover and accomplished. He feels, also, that the
and to the Church of God among men. saviour of His children, and when the call to succeed Dr. Barton in the larg
Finally our Churches are learning to truth of Fatherhood is recognized, then est church in the Congregational de
federate — that is, forgetting sectarian the only possible practice of this truth nomination in Chicago and vicin:t\
names to work together. The Federal by man, namely, Brotherhood, had to constitutes an honor and an opportu-
 June, 1924 THE FRIEND 147

nity which should not be lightly dis be a friend and lover of Hawaii," is will remain a part of the city he has
regarded. an expression of love and appreciation helped to build. He and his family
By removal to the mainland. Dr. and which is by no means one-sided. Dr. will go with the aloha and pride of
Mrs. Palmer will avoid separation from Palmer has accomplished more than all Hawaii—for Hawaii loves to share
their daughters in college. There is the erection of a church building in that which she has found good.
also to Dr. Palmer the challenge of a Honolulu—he has builded himself into Dr. Palmer will see the work of
larger and harder task. These and the community, and because he was so the church through the summer and
other considerations pointed clearly to clearly a part of it, could criticize and organize the work for the fall. His
the immediate acceptance of his resigna suggest in a way that was forceful and annual vacation, beginning September
tion on the part of the church. convincing, without the sting of rebuke. 18th, will be spent with Mrs. Palmer
The final words of his message, His clear thinking, his leadership and in a tour of Japan and China. His
"Honolulu will always be written on fearless challenge of that which was resignation officially takes effect on
my heart, and wherever I go I shall unworthy—his winsome personality— November 1st.

THE last but one of Hawaii's flowing with beautiful floral

sons born at Punahou, Wil tributes from loving and sor
liam Hyde Rice, died at his rowing hearts, and nature's
home in Lihue, Kauai, Sunday- contributions seemed to have
evening, June 15, at 6:50 bloomed in rarest and fragrant
o'clock. Mr. Rice had been ill profusion to honor him, who
for several months, but the end throughout a long and honor
came peacefully, while he was able life, has been one of
asleep. In his passing Hawaii Hawaii's beloved sons.
mourns not only a well-loved Throughout the day all Kauai
son, but a highly respected citi paused to do tribute to the
zen, whose influence through memory of William Hyde Rice,
out the years has been great. whose kindly influences and
Everywhere his death is broad generosities will be for
mourned ; among the older ever remembered in the hearts
Hawaiians, and especially those of those who knew him.
on Kauai, his death is coinci William Hyde Rice was born
de n t with irreparable loss.
at Punahou, Honolulu, on July
"Makua o ka Pono" was the
23, 1846, the only son of Wil
title by which he was common
liam Harrison and Mary Hyde
ly known. Rice, who came to the islands
Mr. Rice had been a member as missionaries in 1840. In
of the Hawaiian Board since 1854 the family moved from
1897, and for over twenty years Punahou to Lihue, Kauai, where
iad served as president of the Mr. Rice's father was manager
:erritorial Sunday School Asso- of Lihue plantation until his
;iation. death, and where Mr. Rice has
The funeral services were made his home for the past 70
leld at 3 o'clock Monday at the years. Mr. Rice was educated
family home, Hale Nani, in at the boarding school of Rev.
.ihue, followed by interment in Daniel Dole, at Koloa, Kauai,
:he Rice family plot of the at Oahu College, Punahou, Ho
Mr. Rice with hie small granddaughter, Eunice Scott,
jeautiful Lihue cemetery. nolulu ; and at Braton's College
As Mr. Rice was a member of the ingly the beautiful favorite hymns of in Oakland California
Jhue Hawaiian church and had been Mr. Rice at the services at the grave. After his return from school, Mr.
or nearly a life-time identified with Aloha Oe was sung tenderly and beau Rice was manager of the ranch belong
he evangelical work of Hawaii, the tifully by Mrs. Henry Sheldon, assisted ing to Lihue plantation, under his
>rief but impressive services both at by the Kapaa choir. brother-in-law, Paul Isenberg, Sr., from
he home and grave, were conducted The pallbearers were Walter D. Mc- 1867 to 1869. He was a director of the
>y Rev. Akaiko Akana, of Kawaiahao Bryde, H. D. Wishard, H. D. Sloggett, Lihue Plantation Company from 1900
hurch and Rev. Henry Judd, who Herman Wolters, Frank Crawford, Wil to 1917, and also president of the Wil
lastened from Honolulu to render their liam Ellis, Jr.. R. D. Moler, Charles liam Hyde Rice, Limited, which com
ast tender and inspiring tributes to the Aki, Enoka Lovell, Charles Ishii, Wil pany owns Kipu plantation and Lihue
nemory of their beloved friend. Rev. liam Kaiawe and Dr. A. H. Waterhouse. ranch.
^.kana and Rev. Judd were assisted by The reception rooms of the hospitable He began his long and distinguished
lev. Charles Keahi and Rev. Puuikc home, replete with memories of happy political career very early, serving as
nd Rev. Kaawai of the Kauai churches. anniversaries and kindly and ever the youngest member of the House of
A selected choir rendered very feel- gracious hospitality, were filled to over- Representatives under King Kameha
148 THE FRIEND June, 1924

meha V in 1870-72. During this legis accession to the throne and served in scripts in the original Hawaiian, and in
lative term occurred the marriage of that office until the revolution of 1893, 1923 his book, "Hawaiian Legends."
Mr. Rice and Miss Mary Waterhouse, after which he continued to serve as was published by the Beruice Pauahi
(laughter of John Thomas Waterhouse. governor of the island under the pro Bishop Museum. Possessed not only of
Esq., in Honolulu on October 17, 1872. visional government. a wide knowledge of his subject and the
In October, 1922, the fiftieth anniversary In his younger clays, Mr. Rice was language, Mr. Rice was peculiarly gift
of this wedding was celebrated in Lihue. noted all over the islands as a fine and ed for his work by his keen though un
all of Mr. and Mrs. Rice's eight children daring horseman, and he was always conscious poetic insight and feeling.
being present. a fancier and breeder of fine live Mr. Rice's deepest aloha and greatest
Mr. Rice again served as a member stock. He imported many pure-bred interest was always for the Hawaiian
of the House of Representatives in animals, among the first Hereford and people, and his relations with them have
1873. 1882, 1887, 1888 and 1890 during Ayrshire cattle ever brought to the always been very beautiful. Their sym
the Hawaiian monarchy ; and as a mem islands. The Herefords were brought pathy and feeling for him in return
ber of the Senate in 1895, 1896, 1897 from New Zealand prior to 1879. and have been very touching and loyal.
and 1898 under the Republic of Ha not long after Mr. Rice exported to Mr. Rice leaves, besides his widow.
waii. He was one of the thirteen com California the first pure-bred Herefords Mrs. Mary Waterhouse Rice, five sons:
mitteemen who waited on King Kala- introduced into the state. He also ship William Henry, Charles Atwood, Arthur
kaua, giving him 24 hours in which to ped thoroughbred horses to Japan, some Hyde, Harold Waterhouse and Philip ,
sign the Constitution, and was also a being for the emperor's especial use. La Vergne ; two daughters. Anna Char
member of the famous constitutional Mr. Rice was well and widely known lotte Wilcox, and Emily Rice Sexton:
convention which formulated the consti all over Hawaii as one of the best twenty grand-children, and one great-
tution of the Republic of Hawaii, which Hawaiian scholars of the present time. grandson, all of whom live in these
later served as a pattern for the Organic He spoke the language from his earliest islands. The only previous break
Act. During the reign of Kalakaua Mr. childhood, and was an acknowledged in the family circle was the death of
Rice was decorated by the king with authority on it. He had a remarkably- Mary Rice Scott, the eldest daughter. '
the Order of Kalakaua, and also with rich store of Hawaiian lore of many last year. In addition to these he is
the Order of Kapiolani, the Queen kinds, and for over fifty years, collected survived by one sister, Mrs. Charles M.
consort of King Kalakaua. Hawaiian legends from all parts of the Cooke, Sr., of Honolulu, and many
Mr. Rice was appointed governor of group. During the past decade he nephews and nieces, among them Mrs.
Kauai by Queen Lilioukalani, upon her translated this collection from his manu Dora Rice Isenberg of Lihue.

Fred B. Smith Challenges President Butler

BL U N T L Y challenging President that this amendment and its supporting sylvania, President Thompson of Ohio.
Nicholas Murray Butler of Colum measure, the Volstead act, cannot be President Ryan of Lehigh, President
bia University to name any college presi enforced. Wilbur of Leland Stanford. President
dents, great industrial leaders and out "I write to ask whether you would Woolle'y of Mt. Holyoke, giving un
standing social workers who agree with be willing to inform me concerning cer qualified sanction to your views, or, js
his position on prohibition, Fred B. tain specific types of citizens and as to a matter of fact, any presidents of the
Smith, chairman of the Citizens' Com whether they are among those who have great colleges and universities of the
mittee of One Thousand, asks if Henry approved your position. As illustration : country?
Ford, Judge Elbert H. Gary. Cyrus II. You speak as the president of a great "Also, if I am not imposing upon
McCormick and A. C. Bedford are university. I would therefore like to you, I would be glad to know if anv
among those who are supporting him. know if among your correspondents you of the major leaders of great national
The letter embodying the challenge have such presidents as : industries have written, thanking you
shows that Mr. Smith is certain that the "President Alderman of Virginia. for your expressions concerning the
great industrial leaders of the country. President Angel of Yale, President Eighteenth Amendment and the Vol
the college presidents and leading social Avery of Nebraska, President Barrow stead Act? As illustration: Do yoi
workers believe in law observance and of Georgia,. Chancellor Brown of New- happen to remember whether among
enforcement. The letter, which is rather York, President Burton of Michigan, those referred to as sharing your
sharp, says: President Burton of Chicago, President thought you have such men as:
"Your publicity agent has released Birge of Wisconsin, President Coffmann "A. C. Bedford, president of the
several notices to the effect that a very of Minnesota, President Crane of Wyo Standard Oil Company: Henry Ford of
large number of letters and telegrams ming, President Cuttcn of Colgate, Pres Detroit, Judge Elbert H. Gary of the
have been coming to your hand, giving ident Faunce of Brown, Chancellor Flint U. S. Steel Corporation, Cyrus H. Mc
hearty approval of the address which of Syracuse, President Hibben of Prince Cormick of the International Harvester
you delivered recently at the Missouri ton, President Lindley of Kansis, Presi Company ?
Society dinner, the substance of which dent Lowell of Harvard, President Mar "Men of this type are uusually rather
was a statement, first, that in your shall of Connecticut, President McVev quick to discern what is best for the
judgment the Eighteenth Amendment of Kentucky. President Murphree of common welfare of all the people of
is immoral and degrading, and, second. Florida, President Penniman of Penn the nation, and it would be verv illu-
Tunc, 1924 THE FRIEND 149

ruinating to know if they are in accord Boston, Edward T. Devine of New York- sionary needs of Hawaii. It is probable
with you. City, Raymond Robins of New York that two very definite things will result
"Personally, I would also be pleased City and Ilarrv S. Ward of New York as the fellowship and understanding
to know whether some of the great lead City. with the mainland churches grow
ers of social reform are sharing your "I will appreciate very much, as will stronger. The American Missionary
thought. In this connection I am re those with whom I am associated, if Association and other missionary agen
minded of such people as : you will give me an answer to the gen cies will give more attention to meeting
"Jane Addanis of Chicago, Graham eral inquiry of this letter, or any parts the needs of this great missionary field,
Taylor of Chicago, Robert Wood of of it you feel are appropriate." perhaps with money and perhaps with
larger and more frequent personal help.
.And, of still greater importance, the
morale of all the churches in the
A Step Forward Hawaiian Evangelical Association will
be lifted by the nation-wide fellowship
TWENTY years ago the American At the June meeting of the Hawaiian and the consciousness of a world pro
Board it was voted to request the Associa
Missionary Association began co gram, so that their own financial gifts
tion at its annual meeting in Hilo in July
operative relations with the Hawaiian and personal contribution of leadership
to take action whereby Hawaii will have
Board, just forty years after the closing the status of a "constituent state" in the will be largely increased.
of the American Board's definite mis Congregational order.
sionary work in the islands. This co
operative relation was, however, only a A Gra\)e Situation
partial resumption of fellowship rela The status of a "constituent state" a1 A Sa result of the immigration act,
tions with those mainland churches from means that in the missionary plans and **■ a grave situation is developing
which came the early missionaries. budgets of the entire fellowship of Con in the Far East. Japan feels deeply
Only twice in the twenty years of gregational Churches the Hawaiian wounded, not because of the exclusion
co-operation, before this summer, had Evangelical Association will be a part of her citizens but because of the manner
the American Missionary Association ner, not a half-recognized sister group, in which the Gentlemen's Agreement is
sent any one of its secretaries to study with a dubious position, not exactly for being ended : because of the implications
with the Hawaiian Board the missionary eign, and not exactly a part of the of the wording of the law, and because
problem for which the A. M. A. had United States religiously. It means that of the arguments urging its support,"
acknowledged joint responsibility. Rep the secretaries and other representatives is the statement made by Dr. James H.
resentatives of the Missionary Board had of the Hawaiian Board will be expected Franklin, foreign missionary secretary
also come to the islands at long inter to sit around the council table of the of the Northern Baptist Church, in an
vals. Not until this summer, however, Commission on Missions and the Church official letter being sent to members of
has there been an official representativeExtension Boards, entitled to full rep Congress. "Japan is grieved and indig
of the whole Congregational fellowship, resentation and full hearing for their nant because she feels insulted and
specially designated to bring greetings, claims on the financial and personal help humiliated," he declares.
to study responsihilities, and to offer the
of the whole Congregational fellowship. Dr. Franklin has just returned from
moral backing of the whole body of Further, the actual work done here and his fifth trip to Japan in the last twelve
mainland churches of the Pilgrim faith the gifts made will be adequately and years. He declares that upon the mutual
to the churches of the Hawaiian Evan fairly reported by a recognition of all friendship and good-will of America and
gelical Association. the activities of the Hawaiian Board as Japan lies the hope of the peace of the
The two messengers from the main a part of the regular apportionment pro Pacific, and that the entire course of
land churches—Dr. Baird and Dr. Ilin- gram reported in die Year-lx)ok. civilization in the future will he influ
man — brought the definite suggestion The Hawaiian Evangelical Association enced by what is done by America at
that the Hawaiian Evangelical Associa has been at a distinct disadvantage in this time.
tion ought to ask for full recognition asits relations with other religious organi Dr. Franklin, who is one of the mis
a constitutent state of the Church Ex zations on account of its somewhat sionary leaders of America, declares that
tension Board. With its island associa anomalous relation. This proposed action few Americans realize the gravity of the
tions and its executive board, it is or will give it a standing and a support in situation. In his statement he tells how
ganized in all respects like the State the Home Missions Council and the the Japanese, with whom he came in
Conferences of the mainland, and oper Federated Council of Churches which contact and with whom he corresponds,
ates as nineteen of those State Confer could hardly be attained otherwise. feel, saying :
ences now do, with entire control of Besides the expected official share of , "Many Americans have been surprised
their local missionary program. Hawaiian Board representatives in the to learn how deeply the Japanese are
Extension Boards and the Commission hurt by the exclusion provisions of the
Extension Boards
on Missions, this new status will secure, Immigration Bill. They are asking two
It would thus be in full partnership without the slightest loss of local inde specific questions :
with the other self-supporting, self-gov pendence to the Hawaiian Board, a new "First, why do Japanese object to our
erning vState Conferences in the plan responsibility on the part of national proposed Immigration Law. seeing that
ning of a really nation-wide program of officers and missionary secretaries for immigration is a domestic question?
mission work. understanding and presenting the mis (Continued on page 152)
 150 THE FRIEND June, 192

ent-day Russia, we cannot but be rr

John R. Mott Points pressed by the courage and aggre^siu
Hopeful Signs ness with which her government h:
charted and held to its totally new ai.
"T71UROPE is at work. The spirit alarming course.
J—I of the people has changed. There
"We may have regarded with qce-
is renewed vitality and hope. Real lead tioning and consternation the radka
ership is being shown by rulers and measures of Mustapha Kemal Pa;h;
governments. There are more signs of but we cannot but admire his initiativ
improvement than at any time since the and steady will-power in setting preo
war." dents rather than being content to folio;
This is a summary of the statement century-long examples.
issued to the religious press of the coun
"Well may we praise the noble char
try by Dr. John R. Mott, who has just
acter and the progressive views of tr
returned from an extended trip in Eu
young and able King Boris of Bulgaria
rope. Northern Africa and Western Asia.
"I received also a most favorable in
Dr. Mott made the trip as chairman of
pression of King Fuad of Egypt an
the International Missionary Council. He
his grand old premier, Zaghloul Pa-ha
is also general secretary of the inter
who are surely leading that ancient !an
national committee of the Y. M. C. A.'s
out into a new day.
of North America and chairman of the
"Czecho-slovakia, under her remark
World Student Federation, which in niie Church in a Garden able pair of old and young statesmen-
cludes student organizations of upwards
(A Meditation) (what country has two leaders who su:
of forty countries. He traveled widely
OUR Lord had other gardens: pass President Masaryk and Foreij^
in Europe each year during and also
Eden, beyond compare. Minister Benes?) —is the beacon light :•
since the war. On his recent trip he
crossed the Mediterranean six times. In With stately trees, with friendly beasts, the midst of tempestuous parts of Cen
his statement, Dr. Mott said : With rivers flowing fair. tral Europe.
"First, it has been my lot to travel (Alack for those o'erstepping bounds "Reunited Poland, brilliant Polanc-
widely in Europe each year, not only To find a desert bare ! ) after centuries of cruelly enforced divi
during but since the war. On my recent The Garden of Gethsemane! sion and still grappling heroically w::!
journey, which took me to all parts of Fragrant the moonlit air, baffling difficulties—is surely coming int>
Europe as well as to Northern Africa But bitter the herbs of loneliness her own.
and Western Asia, I saw more signs of And bitterer despair "Mussolini, defying with magnifker
improvement than I have observed in And longings vain for loyalty, audacity all traditions and convention-
any preceding year since the great up A plant that bloomed not there. still appeals to the imagination and cor
heaval. tinues to command the sacrificial dev
The Garden of Easter Morning,
"One sign is the marked economic tion of the new generation of Italy.
Where He was crowned with peace,
and financial stabilization which is tak "After years of uncertainty, he>ita
A wreath of heart's devotion.
ing place in a number of countries tion and paralysis, it is indeed inspiring
Faith, hope and grief's surcease!
within the past year. whether we agree with them or not. t
There one whose name—was called by Him
"Another indication is the fact that watch these rulers and leaders who hav
Blossomed in soul-release.
the European peoples are so largely at turned their backs on the past, fixe
work—in the fields, in the industries, and That dew-bright Easter Garden their eyes on new goals, and are forgin.
in the work of reconstruction. Shines like the Morning Star ahead, no matter how many opj«'-.
"Still another proof is that of the Across the sins of centuries, them or how few go with them.
greatly improved means of communica Undimmed, although so far. "Third, among all the countries "
tion. In constant travel by rail in And lights with love the feet of faith Europe there is possibly none which i"-'
eighteen countries, and which also took To where His "mansions" are. now is carrying such heavy burdens a:i.
me across the Mediterranean six times, Lo, here among the palm-Fronds which has a better claim on our genenvi
I did not miss a single appointment, Our isle has flung a spire— support than Greece.
although I had scarcely an hour of A slender bud of beauty. "The last twelve years with her havi
margin at any point. Pointing higher, higher— been one long agony. The Balkan war-
"The most impressive evidence, how A lifted torch awaiting light the Great War and the aftermath of t'
ever, is the changed spirit of the peo From Heaven's altar-fire. war have left her people exhauste :
ple. On every hand we witnessed their divided and distracted. And yet t':"'
renewed vitality and hope. Make this, our long-loved garden. little land with only 5.000,000 pe;'
"Second, real leadership is being ex Thy garden, O our Lord, has, within recent months, taken "
hibited by the rulers and governments An Eden come again to men 1 ,000.000 refugees—an unprecedenv
of many of the lands of Eastern Europe Without a flaming sword ; achievement.
and the Levant. Where Heaven shall heal Earth's sorrow ; "They are straining themselves to tr;
"Although we may disagree with al Where, risen. Thou art adored ! very limit as a government and a? :
most every plank of the policy of pres- Mary Dillingham Frear. people. They must have our help to hit
June, 1924 THE FRIEND 151

their difficult corner. They still have ing on the crater's edge watch the world
half a million men, women and children
living in squalor, hunger and despair
Fair Hawaii in the making. Kilauea with its Hale-
maumau—the house of everlasting fire.
unknown elsewhere in the world today. By Dana W. Bartlett Looking into its depths the scroll of
I cannot speak too highly of the char (Written on board the S. S. Calawai and
time is unrolled and we are again back
acter of the co-operation being rendered read to an appreciative group of returning at the beginning of the world when the
by the League of Nations Commission mainlanders.) cooling crust left the molten mass within
under the unselfish and efficient direc to surge and toss and rise and fall, boil
IN THE SMALL HOURS of this
tion of Henry Morgenthau. ing, bubbling, cooling, cracking, lifting
morning I was awakened by an un mountains only to sink again beneath
"Fourth, it is gratifying, yet hum
seen messenger. Our ship was riding the waves. This that we see before us
bling, to see the remarkable hold which
on an even keel and through my port is not "now"—it is "then."
America has on all the peoples of Eu
hole I saw a silver sea reflecting the Fair Hawaii, the all-important human
rope and the Near East.
light of a waning moon, but we were laboratory of our nation, where in the
"I use the word 'peoples' advisedly. sailing away from "Fair Hawaii"—not
'What kind of hold,' you ask? A hold fiery crucible a new mixed race is form
from a foreign land, for that fleet of ing; land of missionary successes, of
on their hearts, most manifestly. A hold beautiful islands is "our Hawaii," part social experiments and economic prob
also on their imagination. If I were to of our own beloved land. Fair Hawaii,
express in a word the conception of lems.
newest America, entrancing, bewitching, I hear the Honolulu Ad Club singing
America which most widely obtains enticing. Young as we count the years
among them all, it would be that they their favorite song, "I love you, Ho
of creation, as looking backward we see nolulu : Honolulu, I love you ; you are
picture us to themselves as the land of island after island, rising from the ocean
hope. May we never disappoint their the queen of the sea; your mountains
depths, with centuries intervening, so and valleys, your palm trees and palis.
dreams and expectations ! that the older island of Kauai becomes forever and ever will be dear to me."
"What are the causes of the large a garden island, clothed in tropical splen Wre are nearing the mainland. Will you
place which America occupies in the dor while yet the last is in the forming. all join me now in broadcasting to Fair
hearts and in the imagination of these Have words yet been coined that will Hawaii, our fondest Alohas and remem
peoples ? fully describe the beauties of our Ha bering her splendid hospitality, promise
"One cause is the stories which come waii? Shores bathed in warm waters, to return not as guests alone but as
back to all these lands from the mil iridescent, yet with mountain peaks eternal friends.
lions, the tens of millions, of their chil clothed with eternal snows—a land (Written and read on board the
dren and grandchildren who have iden decked in flowers like a bride adorned "Calawai" returning from Honolulu.
tified themselves with the great, friendly for her wedding. Such flowers and Dana W. Bartlett.
republic beyond the sea. deeply colored foliage! Is not this the May 13, '24.
"Another cause is the irresistible ap place where some great giant wove
peal made to the imagination by our mighty Ieis for the fair neck of a god
land of large dimensions and of limit dess? Or was it the ancient god of Filipino Conference
less opportunity for all—even for the Oahu who snatched the glories from A CONFERENCE of Filipino work-
jxiorest and the humblest. the western sky at sunset and stretched **■ ers of the Hawaiian Board of
"Possibly a more potent factor ex them in long ribbons of color along the Missions was held in Honolulu, June
plaining the power of the cords binding highways ? 14-20, 1924.
America to the very heart life of all the Lunar rainbows by night and brilliant Discussion classes were conducted
peoples who in the recent tragic years rainbows by day, with the pot of gold every morning in the following sub
have suffered and borne impossible bur almost within reach of our outstretched jects : Bible Study, Social Problems
dens has been the generous and prac hand. and Pastoral Work.
tical ministry of unselfishness of such Land under the southern cross and In the Bible Study Hour, Dr. Albert
typically American societies as the Red tropic sun yet with air tempered by W. Palmer took up some parables of
Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., trade-winds, the gift of icebergs in a Jesus. Dr. Romanzo Adams and Mr.
the Jewish Welfare Board, the National northern sea. H. W. Metcalf led discussions in the
Catholic Welfare Council, and just now, A land of strange contrasts. Rlack social aspects of Filipino life, and Rev.
in a notable way, the Near East Relief. sand on the curved beach of Kalapana Norman C. Schenck conducted the hour
"Little did the millions of Americans, with a coconut grove, whose trees bend of Pastoral Work. Other special lec
when we but yesterday forgot or lost ing seaward form a picture in the waters turers and leaders of devotional periods
ourselves in these great unselfish causes, below. White coral sands of Kailua were: Rev. J. W. Countermine, D. D.,
realize that we would find ourselves to and Waimanalo, with a bathing beach Rev. Henry P. Judd and Mr. Theo
day in the larger confidence and affection of velvet waters unsurpassed on any dore Richards.
of whole nations and peoples, and in shore. One very pleasant experience of the
the midst of immeasurably greater op A land of sweetness and beauty, yet a week was a dinner in the Gold Room
portunities for constructive service. God land torn and tossed by hidden powers. of the Young Hotel, at which the
grant that we may not through ill-con Take the road that leads mauka from workers had as their guests, Dr. and
sidered action or neglect forfeit this llilo—on through cane fields, guava Mrs. Klinefelter and Rev. N. Dizon of
confidence nor miss the day of our vis brush, fern, ohia and ancient koa forests the Methodist Mission, Mr. Frank E.
itation." to the brink of inferno. At last stand Midkiff, Chairman of the Hawaiian
152 THE FRIEND Tune, 1924

Board Committee, under which the Fil he lived and carried on scientific re wide contact with the leaders of many
ipino work is carried on, and the vari searches, some of the results of which races who are promoting modern move
ous members of the teaching force of are to be seen in German Museums. He ments in government and religion ha-
the conference. went to Japan and spent a month. Dur made it clear to him that a Christ:an
The conference came to a climax in ing that time he mastered the Japanese attitude toward race problems in the
a communion service which was held language and was acting as an interpre churches at home is fundamental to the
in the new Central Union Church on ter for the Japanese. He spoke 19 dif future of foreign mission work. Recent
Friday morning. The service was con ferent languages. His standing as an action of our Congress has led some
ducted by Dr. Palmer and Mr. Schenck. oculist was very high, and he chose med Christians in Japan to ask for the
Mr. Carruth played the organ. The icine as his profession. Patients came withdrawal of American missionary.
little group which gathered in that The work of English missionaries in
to him from all parts of Europe. Three
beautiful place to partake of the holy- China has been in past years seriously
great books were written by him and
sacrament were greatly blessed by that numerous special articles. His great handicapped by the connection of their
experience. home government with the opium traf
work, "Noli Me Tangere," was inspired
Our readers will be glad to know fic. If we would make our foreign
by "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and aimed to
that the Board has 10 full-time work mission work one hundred per cent er-
inspire his people with a desire for free
ers serving the religious needs of the ficient it must not be discounted by
dom as well as to inform the world of
Filipinos in Hawaii. This conference an un-Christian attitude toward alien
the oppression under which his people
was held in order to consider the needs races at home. This is a home prob
lived.
of the field and plan to meet them, lem and a world problem as well, since
The book not only gives a clear and
and at the same time to offer an op all the world is becoming a neighbor
readable account of the life of this mar
hood. Dr. Speer's book is a discus
portunity for self-culture. velous man and the forces which con
sion of how to make the world a
spired to lead him to martyrdom, but
brotherhood by studying and working
gives in outline the story of his two
Book Reviews great books, "Noli me Tangere" and
our satisfactory inter-racial relation
THE HERO OF THE FILIPINOS close at home.
"El Filibusterisimo."
CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL (Continued on page 160)
People of the Hawaiian Islands who
Octavo 411 pages, illustrated. Century are seeing great numbers of Filipinos
Company, 1923. Price $3.00. brought to our shores will do well to A Gra\>e Situation
The book gives the first complete ac take some time to read this account of (Continued from page 149)
count in English of the life and work of "Second, why should Japanese taw
the life of this man, who personifies in
Jose Rizal, the Filipino patriot. He is offense at the proposed action by the
man the desire of this people for self-
designated by Dr. Ferdinand Blumen- United States and not be offended ai
realization.
tritt, the famous German ethnologist, as the immigration laws of the Bntisr
The book is illustrated with examples
the "master mind, not only of his people, of some of his famous works of sculp Empire?
but of the entire Malay race." "That the Japanese have been deepl}
tural art and some of his sketches and
If one takes the facts of Rizal's life, wounded is beyond question. Every ma:
paintings. It contains in the appendix
which covered only the brief space of and telegram confirms this statement
some of his poems and a Rizal biography-
36 years, one is inclined to expect that 'No blow,' writes the editor of the
covering 11 pages.
it was a life of exciting and strange ad 'Japan Advertiser,' 'can stagger like the
venture. The authors have succeeded in blow of a friend—no country but tie
dealing with this swift flight of an ex United States could have hurt Japan a;
ceedingly marvelous man across a dark
Of One Blood has the United States.'
background of Spanish domination in LAST month The Friend reviewed "As I understand the viewpoint c'-
the Philippines. They have been able to some of the excellent study books the Japanese and the ground of the:
portray the many-sided genius with clear issued under the Missionary Education feeling, the answer tp the above ques
and honest lines, so that one reads this Movement for study classes in the tions runs somewhat as follows:
book as one reads a tale by the fireside. churches of the United States. The "1. Japanese fully recognize tlut
Out from this race of people, oppressed subject for the Foreign Mission Study- immigration is for each country J
for 325 years by Spanish domination classes is China and the adult study purely domestic matter, but insist tl
there has come an intellectual prodigy, book is by Rev. Lucius Porter of the it has international bearings and impi'-
whose amazing achievements may be dis American Board mission in North cations.
tinguished throughout Europe and the China. The Home Mission study book "2. Japan is not concerned with u
East in many different ways. He was is also by one who has given his life question of exclusion as such. She *
the very incarnation of industry. Wher to the promotion of foreign mission not seeking to find in the United State-
ever he was allowed to stop for a mo work, thus illustrating in a remarkable an opening for her emigrants.
ment in his short career, he began to way the increasing unity of missionary- "3. It is the manner in which trt
build something, even when he was ex interests, whether foreign or home. Dr. exclusion provision is being put ir:
iled to a lonely island where he spent Robert E. Speer, general secretary of force and the reasons given for it a;
...
four years. He wrote poetry, modeled the Presbyterian Board of Foreign reflecting on her honor and good t-:
statues, one of which won a gold medal Missions, was asked to write a text that wound her. She is grieved V-
at an International Fair, planned and book on the theme, "The Way of Christ indignant because she feels insulted a"
built water works for the town in which in Race Relations," because his world humiliated.
June, 1924 THE FRIEND 153

"I had to go to war because for

The Flag and Memorial Day months and years before August 4th,
1914, men were sowing the seeds of
IN THE OLDEN DAYS when men A .STIRRING address delivered by Rev. hatred and bitterness and prejudice in
Allen H. Gates, Hawaiian Board mis
fought with bows and arrows, with sionary in the Kona and Kau dis
the hearts of their fellow-men against
spears and battle axes, on foot and on tricts, at the Konawaena High School on the men of another country. I was sent
the occasion of the presentation to the in to reap the harvest of their thoughts
horseback, it was very necessary that school by the D.A.R. of a new flag won in
the flag' be carried into battle. Each the inter-school flag-drill contest. and deeds. I did so with my life."
Prince had his flag. Where the flag was From so splendid an expression of Chris Needless to say, the flag was not car
tian Americanism must come not only a
seen flying, there the Prince was and new appreciation of the flag on the part of
ried into the front line trenches during
there were the rest of his soldiers. It was young Oriental-Americans, but a new re this last great war. It is no longer con
very important to keep the flag flying sponsibility for the peace of the world. sidered a glorious thing to let the Stars
and never let it fall, for it kept the men and Stripes be torn to shreds by the ma
together and encouraged them. When That sounds with idiot laughter only." chine guns and shrapnel. And it is no
the flag was no longer seen flying, it What are we going to do to never let honor to the flag. It is no honor to anv
meant that their Prince had fallen or this new flag fall? nation in this twentieth century that its
surrendered. Will you be ready to fight for it? national honor must be upheld by the
So it was in the Civil War. Each In what way ? .hell fire of war !
regiment had its flag and its flag bearer. The way we study our histories in On the contrary it is a terrible thing
If the flag bearer were shot down, anoth school about the Revolutionary and Civil to contemplate that, after all its expe
er must drop his musket, pick up the wars ; the way we hear flowery orators rience in war, mankind is so stupid that
flag and keep it flying. In the Western on Memorial Day praise our heroes ; the it thinks it must slaughter millions of
corridor of the capitol building of the honored dead who laid down their lives men in order to preserve Liberty and
State of Connecticut at Hartford, the for Liberty and Union ; the way we bring unity and peace in the world, in
walls are surrounded with glass-doored cheer when our soldier boys march by stead of bringing that alxnit through
cases which contain the flags of the var ■—all this makes every red-blooded quiet reasoning and respect for the other
ious Connecticut regiments which fought young man wish he could have the nation's rights!
in the Civil and Spanish-American wars. chance to don the khaki, shoulder a What are you going to do to never let
These flags are tattered and torn and Springfield rifle and fight for his country. the old flag fall ?
rent with many bullet and cannon-ball Yes, let us on Memorial Day pay tribute, Today there are many men—you hear
holes, and faded with age. In the pres just tribute, to our dead. them, I hear them—we read their words
ence of those flags one wants to bow But let me tell you from twenty-three and thoughts in the Star-Bulletin and
his head with reverent respect for those months' experience in the Great Wrar,
in the Advertiser, and in the Japanese
who lay down their lives to keep that that in the heart of practically every papers—many men at Washington and
flag flying "o'er the land of the free and soldier who now lies beneath the fleur- at Honolulu, yes, here in Kona, who are
the home of the brave." de-lys and the poppies at Relleau Wood spreading the poison of hatred and bit
Those flags mean a great deal, espe or Romagne or Arlington, there was no terness and prejudice in your heart and
cially to the men who fought for them. sense of having done a GRAND and in mine. They are even now talking of
Today you have been presented with a GLORIOUS thing by giving up his life ! building more battleships, bigger guns.
fresh, clean, new flag. What it will look I believe I know what was in their You and I will have to reap the harvest
like five years from now will depend hearts, for I have listened to the dying of their thoughts and deeds, and that
upon how you handle it. What it will moans and cries of a great many of harvest will cost us dearly.
mean to you ten, twenty, thirty years them and carried them out of hospital Are you willing to fight, fight nozv to
from now will depend upon what you do wards on stretchers beneath the British keep our new flag from being dragged
for that flag—the flag you won through Union Jack or the Stars and Stripes. into war again?
being one of the best schools to show the If that unknown soldier who lies in Yes, I believe our unnamed hero bur
proper forms of respect due to it. Arlington Cemetery could speak to us ied at Arlington would say to us, "Young
You have just been singing, with a this morning instead of myself, I believe men and women, take this fresh, clean
great deal of enthusiasm, he would say, "Young men and women, flag of yours. Work to keep it fresh
"We'll never let the old flag fall. boys and girls, listen ! and clean and unsullied by the bloody
For we love it the best of all." "I went to war because my country curse of war. Think, reason ! Work ,
What are you going to do to never let sent me. I did not know what war was to do the honorable thing, the just thing
this new flag fall? like. All the other boys were going and to all men and keep from your hearts
Tomorrow, on Memorial Day, let us I thot it would be great sport. I had those rank seeds of suspicion and fear
take a little time to sit down and think- to fight because I could not turn back. and prejudice. Keep good-will in your
quietly and seriously about it. Memorial There is nothing grand and glorious heart for even- other man, respect his
Day is the one holiday of the year when about lying out in the mud of a shell rights, and there need be no war. Yes.
we are called upon to think soberly. The hole for four days and nights without FIGHT, fight now for PEACE."
only person that can find no time for food and water, while the bullets whizz "Blessed are the peacemakers : for
serious reflection in his life is the fool. and the shrapnel bursts over you. I tell they shall be called Sons of God."
Said Thomas Hood : you there is no great sport in modern Yes, that is the BEST way to keep
''There is no music in the life war ! your fresh, clean flag from falling.
154 THE FRIEND June, 1924

Christ, mention Him as a controlling

Religious Contest Essays factor in their decision.
Another interesting fact develops
—An Analysis by Rev1. Galen R. Weaver, from our study. Few of these young,
impressionable writers place any direct
Pastor ChurcK of the Crossroads importance upon the power of the exam
THE papers in The Friend's "Reli ity fall under the head of "Christianity's ple of Christian acquaintances. The lives
of Christians are not the chief influence
gious Essay Contest" are instructive Effectiveness." Five answers cite the
which led them to Christianity.
to those interested in the progress of work which Christians are doing, in the
Again apparently little importance in
Christian ideals among Hawaiian-born name of their religion, to relieve the
reaching their decision is placed on the
young people. I have just completed a poor, the sick, the afflicted (as in the
Near East Relief, the Japanese earth miracles of the Bible as witnessing to the
careful analytical study of the ten prize
validity of Christianity.
papers and also of all but one of the quake disaster). Five others say that
Christianity practically demonstrates its Obviously the analysis of these papers
thirteen that received honorable mention,
involved considerable "sorting out" but
twenty-two papers in all. Of these, three ideal of service to mankind. Five say
nothing has been assumed that was not
were written from the Buddhist point of that only through the spread of Chris
clearly involved in the writers' own
view. The nineteen young people who tianity can war be prevented. Six are
statements though these were often out
declared Christianity to be their faith impressed by the "progress" which the
of logical sequence. The value of the
and for reasons given in their essays, "leading" countries of the world have
made under Christian impulses. Thirty- papers has rather definite limits due to
were for the most part from a non-Chris
tian background. There may be two or nine reasons, including a number which the still immature minds of the young
three exceptions, hardly more. In most there is not room to mention in detail contestants. Some arguments favorable
cases the parents were Buddhists. The here, are given under this division. to Christianity were doubtless not alto
Another grouping we may call "Chris gether their own. But whatever the de
writers here considered represent the
following races: Japanese 16, Filipino tian Experience." Twenty-one reasons fects of the self-analyses may be, they
are in a real measure instructive and
1. Chinese 3, Hawaiian 1. Caucasian 1. fall here. Strictly, one ought to say that
important to us as well as to the young
All either indicate or appear to infer most of these are more accurately rea people who were encouraged by this
that the choice of a religion was left sons for remaining Christians rather contest to examine into the grounds for
open to them by their parents. They than for becoming Christians. There is
their faith.
chose Christianity on what appeared to great diversity here, as might be antici
them to be its merits. The fact that pated, but seven witness to the expe
Christianity is "the American religion" rience of joy and power through their Kamehameka's Method
(as one writer put it) plays little con Christian faith and life. One—a fifth
scious part in the choice of majority. grade girl—says quaintly that her faith of Government
Only three seem to think that accepting helps her to love her friends and "even
By W. D. Westervelt
Christianity is a part of one's duty as a those who do mean things to me." An
other speaks of her joy in learning to (Continued trom last month)
complete American.
What are the superior merits of Chris pray. Another of the power of prayer IN this same heiau, in 1809, Ka-meha-
tianity as viewed by these youthful wri to dispel sadness. Another tells of expe meha sacrificed Ka-niho-nui, one of
ters ? riencing satisfaction in following his older sons, for intimacy with Ka-
One group of answers may be classi Christ's example in service to others. ahu-manu. As late as 1817, Alexander
fied as "Superior Teachings." The term One writer tells of her happiness in at says, three men were sacrificed at
is very general and one would expect to tending a Christian Sunday school which Kealakeua, Hawaii, for petty violations
find more reasons advanced under this was a much more enjoyable experience of the tabu. But Ke-meha-meha would
head than under any other. Fifty-eight than attending the Buddhist services. have no human sacrifices to placate the
reasons arc classified under this cate Another witnesses to the inspiration felt gods when his own time came to die.
gory. Specific teachings that appealed to in singing the Christian hymns, etc., etc. Ka-meha-meha held all the old-time
the young people deserve mentioning. In short, there is here a rather impres belief in the great gods of the Hawaiians,
Eleven out of the twenty-two papers say sive witness to the power of God in their and he also held in especial reverence
that Christianity teaches of a better God. lives. the god Ka-lai-pa-hoa, a god made in
usually specifying this quality of love. A surprisingly small number attribute human form from the wood of a pecu
Others speak of the superior teaching the attraction of Christianity for them to liarly poisonous tree, and the god Ku-
regarding life goals, especially brother the nobility of the central character of ka-ili-moku, made from feathers fast
hood and service to others, regarding our faith. Only thirteen reasons are ened into a wicker framework. This
democracy, in the light of which all men given by eleven different writers which god was only a yellow feather head,
regardless of outward conditions are one could place under the heading "Be surmounted by a feather helmet. It
brothers, regarding the equal value of cause of Jesus Himself." Advance what was the especial god placed in Ka-
women with men (in contrast to many theories we can as to why this is so, yet meha-meha s care when he was a young
other religions), regarding the immor it is rather astonishing that relatively so man and was his protecting power in
tality of the individual soul, etc., etc. small a proportion of these youths whom all his future battles. He also claimed
The next most important group of one would expect to respond naturally to Pele, the volcano goddess, as the care
reasons advanced in favor of Christian the manly and heroic character of taker of all his fortunes.
 June, 1924 THE FRIEND 155
It is worth while to notice even the How the Hawaiian flag, "one of known ae Fort Street. The walls were
incomplete lists of different classes of twenty feet thick and about twelve feet
labor, games and utensils of the past, the most beautiful flags in the world,"
high, with embrasures and guns along
as they are mentioned by the old came into being, is told in this second the top. This fort was called "Ka-pa-
Hawaiian writers. One of them says: pu," the gun wall. Another name was
He had priests who observed all the installment of Mr. Westervelt's article.
Ka-kua-nohu, the thorny back, because
ceremonies of selecting- and cutting the of the bristling guns on the walls. A
It is replete with facts that are inform
wood for the pa-pa-nalu, or surf-board. fort was proposed for the mouth of the
Ile-e-ho-lu, a sled for coasting down ing—with history that is picturesque. Waialua river, but Ke-e-au-moku, the
grassy hillsides. Na-waa, canoes; No- son of the old cabinet minister, did not
hoe, paddles ; Manama, outriggers ; Na- want it.
kia, masts. There were special priests line was so coiled that it could be easily
Ka-meha-meha never seemed to care
for the single and double canoe, the carried without entangling, and the ipn-
whether the plans he adopted were his
short and long canoe, and even the makau-iwi-kandka, calabash for carrying
own or those of some other person. He
boats made like those of the foreigners. hooks made from human bones. The wanted to feel that the idea was worth
He had priests for the many shrines of bodies of chiefs were usually destroyed while, then he put it in force. This is
the fish god Ku-ula, a stone god, fre or concealed, lest the bones be stolen the way the beautiful Hawaiian flag
quently in the form of a fish, also for and used by enemies for fish hooks. The came into being. . The old Hawaiian
the fishermen. Na nea lawa, and the ipu-kna-aha was a ceremonial calabash chiefs flew pennants over their fleets
divers, au mai ewa. They used extracts of canoes. These were the first Hawaiian
for pouring awa or other liquids before
of the juices of different plants to flags. Following the visit of Vancouver
the gods, in temple worship. The ipu-
deaden fish so they could be easily in 1794, Ka-meha-meha used the English
taken. They made dyes of many kinds baka, tobacco pipe, was one of the later
inventions. The bowls of the pipe was flag, probably only the cross of St.
to color sails for their boats and clothes
the calabash. George. King James, about 1603, issued
of their bodies. All this work was ac
a proclamation that English ships
companied with prayers to the special Large calabashes were used for "should carry a flag with the union of
gods watching over that peculiar form clothes, fine malos and feather leis. the red cross of St. George and the
of work. Ka-makau says : "He ap These were well covered with a wooden white cross of St. Andrew, joined to
pointed priests for making calabashes top for the preservation of the valu gether, according to the form made by
of different kinds." ables within. Large wooden bowls were our own heralds." This was the
Ipu was the general name for all made to hold the awa which was pre Hawaiian flag up to the war of 1812.
kinds of calabashes, whether of gourds pared from the root of the awa plant It was a strong influence against the
or wood. Utnckc was the name usually as a drink for the chiefs. Plates, pa- encroachment of other foreign powers.
given to a calabash containing the native In 1812 came a war between the United
laau, or almost flat calabashes, were
food pot. This was sometimes called an States and Great Britain. Complications
used. Long, hollow, wooden dishes, pa-
ipu-ai, food calabash. were possible if the islands were flying
puaa, held the baked pig or dog in their
The word "Ipu" was usually connect the English flag. It is said that an
luaus or banquets.
ed with some other word, specifying the American suggested to Ka-meha-meha
use of the calabash. An interesting list In arranging his government Ka- that he have a new flag. Others sec
of calabashes was given by Ka-makau, meha-meha learned lessons from the for onded the suggestion and the king read
every one supposed to have been made eign ships and representatives of for ily adopted it. The new flag was a com
while an appropriate prayer was offered : eign governments who came to the promise between the flags of the warring
Ipu-kaia, fish bowl. Ipu-ahi, fire-carry islands. He built three single mast ships nations. The crosses on the blue field
ing dish. Ipu-au-au, for washing hands. which were called "nui," great, or large, in the corner retained the friendship of
Ipu-lua-lima, wash dish also. Ipu-awa, by the old Hawaiians. He learned about Great Britain ; the red, white and blue
the awa bowl. Ipu-kuha, spittoon, a harbor taxes and used them. stripes recognized America. The eight
most carefully guarded dish. Ipu-holai, He saw the Russians build a block stripes also represented the eight larger
another wash basin. Ipu-ala, small cala house by Honolulu harbor in 1815. When islands of the Hawaiian group. Thus
bash, usually coconut, for carrying small the Russians threatened Honolulu he came into existence one of the most
quantities of scents and dyes. Ipu-holo- sent his sons Ka-lei-ioku and Ka-lani- beautiful flags in the world.
liolona, calabash for carrying fish bait, moku to make war with them, saying: Every ship coming to the Hawaiian
shrimps, etc. Ipu-kukui, a hollow stone "You go fight the foreigners, but if shores carried "grog," and the foreign
used as a lamp. Ipu-lapaau, a hollow there is no war, provide food and pigs ers taught the natives the love of rum.
stone used for grinding medicines. for the foreigners." The Russians saw One of the native papers says : "In
These stone calabashes were called the large force of warriors and sailed 1791, or perhaps earlier, Ka-meha-meha
"Ipu-po-haku." Ipu-hoo-lu-u, calabash over to Kauai, where they built the old first tried rum at Kailua on the island
containing dye. These were named ac fort, whose ruins still lie by the mouth Hawaii, with a Captain Maxwell. He
cording to the dye placed in them, as of the Waimea river. Afterwards they saw ships outside the Cape of Ke-a-hole
dye to be used for tapa, for pa-u, for came to Honolulu and were well treated. and went to them with John Young and
mats, etc. There were the small ipu- Ka-meha-meha saw the protection af Isaacs. On that ship he and all his
makau, for carrying fish hooks. The forded by a fortification, and at once friends drank rum and returned to
slender ipu-aho, in which the long fish built a fort at the foot of what is now Kailua. When the chiefs saw him they
156 THE FRIEND June, 1924

thought he had become pu-pu-le (crazy) and second, bring missionaries to en to the sandal-wood, which became scarce.
and cried out : "Au-we, au-we, au-we, lighten the people. The people began to cut down the small
pu-pu-le oiapau-we, oukou e." Alas, Ka-meha-meha established temples trees. The king asked why they cut
alas, alas! He is crazy. Look out, you. (heiaus) for his gods. He repaired and the small trees, and then told them to
Those who had been with the king said : rebuilt some of the old temples. lie save those for the coming king's. The
''The foreigners have a water causing built the last temple at Kawaihae. He same thing was true of the bird hunt
staggering." Ka-lani-moku wanted this had human sacrifices placed on the altars ers. He told them to capture the birds,
water. When the ship anchored Ka- in many of the temples. But toward the pull out the small tufts of yellow feath
lani-moku was the first to purchase rum. end of life he cast aside this element ers, which were of great value, and then
Then the other chiefs purchased also." of worship, saying that the people be set the birds free that they might prop
Afterwards convicts from Botany Bay long to his sons. The recognition of agate new families and thus provide
taught the people methods of distilla property for future generations extended feathers for his children.
tion through gun barrels and rude
stills. Alexander says : '"Although at
first Ka-meha-meha indulged to excess,
he was soon convinced by John Young A Patri to Peace Tlirough Earthquake and Fire
and had the strength of mind to restrict By Richard Kaneko, Hilo High School
himself to a very small, fixed quantity Mr. Kaneko is an outstanding Christian
and finally to abstain from it entirely." the surrounding districts. To add to the
leader in his school and community. Per
haps for this reason he looks lightly uponterror of the hour, fire broke out in a'-
Near the end of his life he ordered the error in last month's Friend by which most every one of the destroyed cit'es.
all the stills to be destroyed and for an essay on Buddhism was attributed to its fury often added to by bursting oil
bade the manufacture of any kind of him. The essay in question was written
by Clarence Shimamura, of McKinley High
tanks and broken gas pipes. In Toki<i
liquor. The council house in which Ka- School, and while declaredly more than three hundred and fifty thou
Buddhist,
meha-meha pronounced this law was nevertheless showed strong Christian in
sand houses, or 70 per cent of the total
fluence. Mr. Kaneko clearly sees in Chris
destroyed to impress all the chiefs of tianity "A Path to Peace." number of houses, was converted int>>
its importance. No other law could be ashes. One million four hundred thou
made in the place from which this de
cree went forth. The chiefs went back AFTER the world war, all the sand inhabitants of Tokio's entire popu
to their homes and waged a war against countries of the world, instead of lation were made homeless, many of
strong drink, which persisted many searching for a route to peace, began to them separated forever from their closest
years, in spite of the efforts of foreign construct more weapons and other war relatives.
Meanwhile the world heard of the
ers to make the nation a drunken people. instruments to protect themselves against
great catastrophe by wireless and all
When Ka-meha-meha died shortly further warfare. France, ready to begin
went to the rescue of Japan. Instantly
the war again, sent her armies into Ger
after, Liho-liho, the next king, and all
many. America, England, Japan, Italy. the United States responded. Before
the later kings, indulged freely in strong the appeal came, the United States had
Russia, Greece and other countries be
drink. organized relief bureaus and through
gan to gird themselves anew for further
Ka-makau's account of Vancouver's strife. The world war had made the private, subscriptions and Red Cross
promise to send a better religion to the world realize the need of peace and char funds over five million dollars were
islands differs very little from the Eng ity, but had not shown the way. The raised. Her warships were rushed from
lish records. Ka-makau says: When nations talked about peace and good-will the Philippines and while the smoke oi
Vancouver saw that Ka-meha-meha wor one toward the other, but at the bottom destruction still rose, U. S. sailors built
shiped the gods evening and morning of their hearts they were afraid of one barracks, distributed food and gave
in the hale mau and the heiau, he said : another and consequently made ready medical attention to the wounded. After
"You are praying chief, obeying sticks for immediate action. building the barracks, the blue jackets
for gods. These are not true gods. He left the place quietly, giving them to the
is in the heavens. If you wish, when I As these conditions became more seri Japanese government. As one writer
return to Britain, then I will tell King ous, President Harding invited the coun has expressed it, "In this endeavvor to
George to send priests to you. They tries of the world to the Peace Confer help Japan, the American Government
will tell you about the true God in the ence at Washington. As a result, a and her people did everything within
heavens. Believe them." Ka-meha- naval holiday was proclaimed among the their power, as if the castrophe had be
meha said: "These are our gods who five great powers of the world. This fallen their own country. The Ameri
brought the kingdom to me and made was a great step toward peace, yet peace cans went to the Japanese Government
me ruling chief." Vancouver saw that was far from certain. and virtually said: "Here is this money
the king was firm in his belief. This Suddenly, a few minutes before noon and here are we. Use us as you see
perhaps is the reason that the first mis on Sept. i, 1923. Japan, one of the five fit." This immediate response of Ameri
sionaries here did not come from Britain. greatest powers of the world, was shaken ca to Japan's need came as a tremen
Ka-makau did not know that the by the most disastrous earthquake of the dous surprise to the Japanese people
severe illness of King George and the twentieth century. The shock was so and touched their hearts deeply. When
great political troubles of England violent that its work of destruction was the American sailors left the place, on
killed two of Vancouver's plans. These completed in a few minutes, reducing to the little hill far across the destroyet!
were, first, to have England establish debris not only Tokio, Yokohama and land the "Stars and Stripes" floated In
an actual government over the islands, Yokosuka, but numerous other cities in side the Japanese National Flag. It
 June, 1924 THE FRIEND 157
was the first time in the history of the therefore laborers are required, and always preparing for war. ready to
world that such honor was paid to the without doubt this will lessen the num strike at the first opportunity. The
American Flag in the Kingdom of ber of unemployed in Japan. Great Washington Conference opened their
Japan. numbers of unemployed breed dissatis eyes to the falsity of their position and
The property losses, alone, are reck faction and threaten the peace of a coun made them realize that peace and friend
oned in billions of yen, in fact are be try. Thousands of men when out of ship are stronger than the "mailed fist,"
yond computation. In the face of this work are easily led by anyone who is and therefore the German idea of mili
loss the fine spirit of courage, the de willing to give them money. This has tarism received a decided check. This
termination and knack of cooperation made the leaders of certain organiza is certainly the age of reformation in
shown by the Japanese people after the tions to take advantage of the unem Japan.
disaster in reconstruction work, was ployed to send propaganda to incite rev There were times in the earlier his
most remarkable and struck to the very olution. In spite of the efforts of the tory of Japan's career as a member of
lx)ttom of America's heart awaken radical labor leaders to incite strikes as the family of nations, when the good
ing her admiration and genuine sym a result of this disaster, the Japanese will of the United States was regarded
pathy as nothing else has ever done. people will be compelled to be busy of great value. But there came a later
On the other hand, Japan realized that making their future homes safer and time when Japan, desiring great mili
the country that sends warships on more secure than the old, and conse tary and naval strength, and enlarged
errands of mercy in time of disaster quently they will have no desire to pre territory, pushed a program of imperial
when people are' helpless, and withdraws pare for or to make war. expansion that awakened the fears of
them peacefully, leaving only blessings, Japan has received a large part of her America. Japan was therefore imagin
will not take advantage of that country modern civilization from the United ing that the American republic was in
at any time. Commercial interest is one States, but she received her military one way or another an interposing ob
of the strongest factors working for system from the Germans. And though stacle in the path of Japan's supremacy
peace or war. .Rivalry leads often to the Japanese are naturally a peace-loving in Asiatic and Pacific affairs.
war, mutual benefit tends to keep the people, as history amply proves, there It was at this time, as I have men
peace. This last situation exists between have been a few military Ixjsses, who tioned before, that President Harding
America and Japan. For in restoring imitating Germany, have continually invited the different countries to the
the destroyed land, Japan will need an tried to arouse the people for war. These Peace Conference at Washington. The
immense sum of money and building military bosses had the German militar Japanese, we are told, went there with
materials. Undoubtedly, these materials istic spirit, and consequently they were many misgivings, but after the confer-
will be supplied by the United States.
The trade between the two countries
will therefore grow rapidly. This will
lead to a closer communication and bet
ter understanding between the nations.
America sees in Japan a profitable cus
tomer, and Japan finds in America a The magnificent pipe-organ installed in the new Central Union
ready market for her wares. Moreover, Church was stored for several months in the modern
when Europe's credit is so shaken,
concrete warehouse of the
.America's wealth is most desirable.
Again, the people of the United States,
who will lend money to the Japanese to
repair the tremendous waste, will be
unwilling to encourage a war which will
endanger their loans. This commercial
CITY TRANSFER COMPANY
interest will lead to friendliness, for
Jesus' teaching. "Where they treasure
is, there thy heart will be also," is very pending its installation in the new church building.
true. When the people of the United
States have treasure invested in Japan
they will be very eager to help main In this warehouse it was entirely safe from the heavy rains
tain the peace of that country. The experienced during this time.
Japanese, on the other hand, will be
loathe to undertake any war because it
woidd mean cutting off her best cus We store everything from trunks to tractors.
tomer and her greatest creditor, and Special facilities for furniture and pianos.
therefore it would lead to national bank
ruptcy and to national disgrace. Thus
these two leading nations will be eager Main Office 82 So. King St. PHONE 1281
to maintain peace.
Furthermore, as a result of this dis
aster, abundant work is now on hand,
 158 THE FRIEND June, 1924

cnce they returned with reassurance and undoubtedly the thing that is touching anxious feeling of neighborliness and a
changed feelings. Since the Washington Japan most deeply, so far as America widespread desire to repair the damage.
Conference the anti-American agitation is concerned, is the splendid manifesta As the Outlook has expressed it, "Out
in Japan has wholly subsided and the tion of friendship, of whole-hearted sym of the asfies. Japan will find a new con
anti-Japanese agitation in the United pathy, and of real brotherhood, which fidence in her own character which it
States has practically disappeared. the entire American nation displayed will take more than earthquakes to
Yet some great concrete example was from the .very moment that it learned shake; out of the ashes, Japan will find
needed to prove America's sincerity in of the disasters." Japan has discovered a new confidence in the character of her
her movement for peace. This disaster the real heart and spirit of the United
is that proof. In times of affliction, sym States, who so generously answered the
pathy is a precious thing, even to those call for help. Whatever coolness may
who are most capahle and self-reliant. have sprung up between the United
As Mr. Kawakami has said, "Material States and Japan during recent years is
relief sent in a spirit of good-will was
needed, and was gratefully received, but
completely swept away, and in this coun
try there remains only a sorrowful and
YOU
^ZMMMS-zmmusmszmmmn. are offered, free of all charge, the
expert advice service of our STOCK
AND BOND DEPARTMENT. This
department makes a point of obtain
The World's Most ing the latest and most authentic in
Durable Dinner Ware formation concerning the security
market. This information it is glad
to place at your service, and it will
cheerfully advise you as to any invest
SYRACUSE ments you may contemplate making.

CHINA
It is the most satisfactory ware
for the home. Used with pride
in daily and social life.
We carry in stock the Canter
bury, here illustrated, the Ori
ental, Roslyn, Rosemont, Mystic, Trent Trust Co ltd
Chatam, Fusan, Somerset and HONOLULU
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THE HOUSE OF HOUSEWARES' V* $56 to $97.15 for 49 piece ser So to serve that we may continue
53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU vice for six. to serve

llgsgirewsswti^iiaassis^Miga^

■ Woman's Ancient Enemies

Women know a lot about moths, for from the days of the original fig leaf they have had
to fight the insect to the death. It is jnst as essential that women he informed about rust.
For as the moth destroys cloth, so rust destroys iron.
But if the iron is pure, it doesn't rust. Rust results from impurities in iron. If they are
eliminated, rust is not to be feared.
The woman who knows that "Armco"' iron is used throughout her house—in the stove,
the garbage pail, and wherever else iron is used—has no need to worry about rust. "Armco"
iron is PURE iron.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS COMPANY
 June, 1924 THE FRIEND 159
neighbor across the Pacific which, let
us hope, the earthquakes and typhoons
of jealous jingoism will never destroy."
Moreover, a sense of gratitude will
A BUSINESS ELEMENT
deter the Japanese from returning such Real unbiased friendship is quite as important in business dealings as it is
in social life. And friendly service is what the Trent Trust Company for the
kindness by declaration of war. Japan past fifteen years has endeavored to give.
cannot forget for many generations And now, as heretofore, the Trent Trust Company through its Realty, Its
Stock and Bond, its Trust and Insurance departments will strive to be a true
America's generosity. Should she for business friend to its clients working at all times in their interests.
get it, she would earn the contempt of "So to serve that we may continue to serve."
the world.
I believe this' great disaster in Japan
came just in time to mend the relations
TRENT TRUST COMPANY
LIMITED
among- different countries, but particu
larly, the relation between the United
States and Japan. This catastrophe is,
I believe, "A path to peace" rather than
a mere disaster. J . A B A D I E ' S
Japan has found out that "friendship"
is always an asset to be prized. Even
French Laundry
the most self-reliant are more secure by DYEING AND CLEANING
reason of having made genuine "friend WORKS
ship."
Many missionaries have been sent out .:. * •>
from the United States to foreign coun
tries. Japan was one of the nations Main Works Branch Office
where these followers of Christ have 777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
been sent. They have done many wise Phone 1491 Phone 2919 to take pictures now that in the fu
things for the Japanese people. In fact, ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
all prices.
they have been the main instruments in
giving the best of Western civilization Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
to Japan. But through some misunder Fort Street
standing which arose, mainly in connec N.S.SachsDryGoodsCo.,Ltd.
tion with problems on the Western 116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
coast, some of the Japanese doubted the Henry H. Williams
genuineness of Christianity. But in this THE STORE WITH MERCHAN FUNERAL DIRECTOR
recent disaster, these misunderstandings DISE OF A DEPENDABLE Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect
have cleared away because the United Embalming School of San Francisco,
QUALITY Cal., also of the Renouard Training
States, a Christian nation, has carried School for Embalmers of New York.
out the teachings of Christ, the Prince And a Licensed Embalmer for the
Agents for State of New York; also a member
of Peace, who said, "Come, ye blessed of the State Funeral Directors'
of my Father, inherit the kingdom pre Butterick Patterns and Association of California.
MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES
pared for you from the foundation of FURNISHED. CHAIRS TO RENT.
Publications
the world : for I was hungry, and ye 1374 NUUANU STREET.
gave me to eat ! I was thirsty, and ye Residence, 1374 Nuuanu.
gave me drink ; I was a stranger, and
ye took me in ; naked, and ye clothed
me : I was sick, and ye visited me ; I THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
was in prison, and ye came unto me." AT HONOLULU
Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $450,000
In conclusion, I would say that trade
interests, sympathy, confidence, grati
OFFICERS
tude, understanding, and friendship L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
which have been created through the President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
American spirit, and the great spirit of Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
Christianity, will insure peace between
Japan and America. May the two great
United States Government Depositary
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
races, the English and the Japanese, Cable Transfers.
stand together forever in promoting
peace and harmony throughout the ACCOUNTS INVITED
world !
160 THE FRIEND June, 1924

OF ONE BLOOD comprehensive Reading List of the fish and immoral level." The churche*
(Continued from page 152) best books on race problems. are now challenged to study' how these
In this inter-racial laboratory of Dr. Speer, in the chapter on Evils contacts may be made uplifting through
Hawaii there should be a particularly and Abuses of Race, refers to the brotherly service and mutual respect —
general study and intelligent discussion struggle of the Hawaiian Islands . GEO. W. H I NMAX.
of this book. It ought to be the pro against liquor and vice, when "an
gram of mission study for churches of
all races this fall and winter, as it
armed vessel of the American navy
overrode the Hawaiian authorities and
Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited
will be in thousands of churches on insisted that the vessel should enjoy STOCKS AND BONDS
the mainland. If Hawaii has a dis the ancient privilege of unlimited im REAL ESTATE
tinct contribution to make from the morality." He adds: "The early con INSURANCE
"co-operative thinking" of her many- tacts of the white races with the other
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
racial groups, which will help the races were generally pitched on a sel-
mainland at this critical time, it ought Authorized by law to ad
to be brought out by the general study ?s Trustee, Executor, Ad
of this stimulating book. ministrator and Guardian.
The chapter headings are : Origin Metropolitan Meat Capital, Surplus and Un
and Nature of Race, Idea of Race
Superiority, Good and Gain of Race divided Profits Over One
and Race Distinction., Evils and Abuses
Market Million Dollars.
of Race, Aspects and Relations of Race, ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.
Solution of the Race Problem, with a
final chapter on Some Specific Race
Problems of Today. Each of these Our large shipping business is quite
chapters will make a rewarding sub
ject for discussion in an hour of mis
independent of our family trade.
We endeavor to keep both phases
C. Brewer
LIMITED
& Co.
sion study or a suggestive topic for of our business at top notch.
a Sunday evening sermon or prayer General Mercantile Commission Agents,
meeting talk. There is a full and 50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445 Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.

AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., H»

nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co
DRINK Tel. 2478. Box 951 Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co
Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhac
Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantatior.
** Cascade" CITY MILL Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Walluku Sugar
Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co
Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
Ginger Ale CO., LTD. tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bale
win Locomotive Works.
OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President
CONTRACTORS R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager
Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. B
Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer:
Rycroft Arctic Soda Works, Ltd. Furniture to Order. Inspection Solicited
Mouldings, Blinds, Sashes and Doors. C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke, G. B
Solo Agents. Estimates given on Buildings. Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors
Telephone 2270 LIME and CEMENT RICE and BRAN,
HARDWARE

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND

A charming picture of Kawaiahao Church, the "Westminster Abbey of Hawaii",

from an etching by H. Nelson Poole. The reproduction is used for the first
time by Miss Ethel M. Damon in the second edition of her book, "Early Hawai
ian Churches," just off the press. Coincident with the church centennial,
Kawaiahao is to be host at the one hundred and third annual meeting of the
Hawaiian Evangelical Association in 1925.

This Month
Goodbye Dual Citizenship Hilo's Centennial

HONOLULU JULY, 1924 HAWAII

 THE FRIEND July, 1924
166
!HSHHSHM5BSSPM>iAMjy!>i

The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. I We Have Served Four

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Importers, Commission and
Machinery Merchants
Agents lor
Packard Motor Car Co. The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd. It is a
Overland Company III
Buick Motor Company ESTABLISHED 1858
Chandler Motor Car Co.
Cleveland
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United States Tires
jij
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Also Agents for III
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES
VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU, HAWAII, JULY, 1924. No. 7

Goodbye Dual Citizenship

TT IS GREAT NEWS from Japan By Rev. Doremus Scudder, D. D.
While the privilege of expatriation
-"■ that the Imperial Diet as one of its thus granted does not apply to Japanese
first pieces of business at this session able and un-Americanizable, that Japan emigrants who secure naturalization in
has wiped from its governmental skirts had in these young American citizens a countries which extend to them this
the anomaly of dual citizenship. The group ready in case of difficulty to be privilege, it should be remembered that
claim of the Imperial Government upon tray their country to the government of their cases are fully covered by the law
American-born children of Japanese their parents and that the Imperial Diet which provides that a Japanese citizen
parentage, who by our Constitution are in enacting some years ago its first law may expatriate himself after applying
citizens of this country—a claim which concerning dual citizenship was not ex to the Home Department and receiving
has had as its corrolaries a constant hibiting good faith toward the United its approval. That this is no difficult
oversight of these fellow-citizens of States in that it had passed an ordi procedure is evident from the fact that
ours by a trans-Pacific paternal gov nance ostensibly making it possible for of all the Japanese who have made such
ernment, frequent summoning of these application none have failed to receive
these young people to expatriate them
young Americans to service in the im the approval of the Home Department.
perial army or navy and consistent fail selves, yet so hedged about with diffi Thus the Government of Japan has
ure to recognize the American citizen culties that practically very few of them made full and easy provision for its
ship of these children, has exercised a could avail themselves of its privileges. people, who live abroad and desire to
most unfortunate influence ever since By the provisions of the new law just become naturalized in the country
the anti-Japanese propaganda began to passed foreign-born Japanese children wherein they reside, to terminate their
function in California. who in a duly designated country are Japanese citizenship.
The first effect was to put into the citizens thereof because of birth therein It is worthy of note that the law just
hands of the unscrupulous anti-Asiatic shall not be subjects of Japan from the passed is absolutely devoid of all red
groups a valid and most potent argu time of their birth unless they signify tape. Birth in America automatically
ment which they worked legitimately their intention of retaining Japanese frees a child of Japanese parentage from
and illegitimately to the limit. They citizenship. Countries to which this citizenship in Japan. The statute is so
manipulated it so as to buttress their applies are to be designated by Imperial simple and so unmistakably clear that it
false contention "once a Japanese always ordinance. Like children in undesigna would require a microscopic soul to find
a Japanese," a sentiment exactly as true ted countries may expatriate themselves fault with it. It is one more revelation
and as untrue of any other nationality. by applying to the Minister for Home of the dominance of the new spirit of
It was used to cornerstone the untenable Affairs. The first nation to be designa broad internationalism which is begin
assertions that Japanese are unassimil- ted will doubtless be the United States. ning to characterize the Japanese nation.

Why Mot Repeat 4ie Centennial Pageant?

I COVET for my younger children of all but book-history of the Hawaii Dr. Van Dyke, a centennial visitor,
the opportunity to see in pictorial which in so many instances their fore sensed both the poetry and the signifi
form the history of Christian Hawaii bears served—helped to build? cance of the scenes enacted on Rocky
that so impressed the older ones in Read what Henry Van Dyke wrote Hill. His review of the Pageant and
1920. What a splendid thing if the the stirring analysis of present-day
on the Centennial Pageant (a chapter
Centennial Pageant could be repro Hawaii in the final paragraph of the
in his delightful book, "Campfires and
duced every five or ten years." chapter are quoted almost in full. He
Guidc-Posts," and rejoice again in a says in part :
So spoke a missionary granddaugh
ter recently. masterpiece written jointly by two mis "One of the most vivid and delight
Are there not many in Hawaii who sionary granddaughters. Ought not so ful pageants that I have ever seen was
have the same wish? remarkable a thing be done again and in April of 1920, on an island in the
Who indeed IS willing that the chil again that the story do down untar middle of the Pacific Ocean, at the
dren growing up should be deprived nished into the history of all time? hundredth anniversary of Christian
168 THE FRIEND July, 1924

missions in Hawaii. It was memor legs glistening in the sun, many-col crisis of peril in their first reception,
able not for its costly splendor and ored garments fluttering in the breeze, the gentle persuasions by which they
famous audience, but for the clearness files and groups and crowds of men win a welcome and permission to stay,
and significance of its scenes and the and women forming and dissolving the busyness of their early days in
wondrous beauty of the stage on which around certain dominant figures—a teaching the gentle savages the rudi
it was set. chapter of the human romance, un ments of learning and the arts of
"In the spacious park of Punahou folded on the breast of nature, beneath peace, are well depicted. The contrast
School (founded by the missionaries) the open sky in the light of the Eter in dress between the styles of New
there is a broad playground called nal Presence. Haven and Hawaii in 1820 is striking.
Alexander Field (given by descendants The first picture shows the royal . . . Conch shells call the children to
of the missionaries), and behind this state of Kamehameha the Great, the open-air schools. Spinning wheels are
rises Rocky Hill, a considerable height, native conqueror of the islands. An brought out. Needles are busy. A
with grassy slopes strewn with blocks cient rites and customs are displayed ; great white cross is disclosed at the
of lava, and a shallow valley in the old women beating bark for tapa top of the hill. Allegorical figures of
center, leading by easy gradations to cloth, old men preparing poi, chiefs Faith, Hope and Charity, clad respec
ward the summit. and chiefesses paying homage, com tively in blue, pale green and rose
"The usual arrangement of an out moners bringing their tribute of food chiffon, flutter around, pretty and futile
door play is reversed. The audience and garments, all prostrating them as allegorical figures usually are. The
and the chorus occupy the level ; the selves before the monarch; a proces new era has begun. The details of
actors move in the ampitheatre above sion, of soldiers and priests, carrying hard work and struggle and danger
them, going and coming by their tall standards of war and hideous idols, and privation are written in the dairies
palm-screened exits—makai, seaward— the ugliest and most sacred of which and letters and records of the mission
mauka, towards the mountains. is the red god of battle; a great feast aries. Only the symbolic picture is
"Seven hundred voices are in the spread on the ground ; hula-hula danc shown here—Christian love and cour
chorus, gathered from various schools ing by beautiful damsels, with mild age setting out to rescue a generous,
and colleges, including Hawaiians, Fil reservations. It is a confused, barbaric warm-hearted race from the degrading
ipinos, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, scene, dominated by the tall old king, vices of so-called civilization without a
Porto Ricans and Anglo-Saxons. On in his cloak and helmet of red and religion, and to heal the poison-sores
the mountains there seems to be ten yellow feathers. He is gloomy and un left by the fevers of hoary superstition.
or twelve thousand, scattered over the satisfied, all-powerful and sad ; his red The most dramatic episode in the
playing-field and the grassy slopes and god gives him no counsel for the using story is shown in the fifth picture.
terraces around it. The pageant rep of his power. He vainly seeks enlight Kapiolani. a noble princess of the isl
resents the history of Hawaii for a enment from his oldest priest and from ands, resolves to defy the goddess Pele,
hundred years, from the arrival of the one of the white men in his train. fierce mistress of undying fire, who
first missionaries from New England Silent and sombre, "the Lonely One" dwells in the seething, flame-spouting
in 1820 down to the present day." stalks off towards the sea and the
crater of Kilauea. The princess, per
. . . Miss Ethel Damon has told the crowd melts away.
sonated by a stately Hawaiian woman,
story with admirable skill in her sce The second picture shows the break
climbs the crag, on which a mimic vol
nario and text ; and Miss Jane Winne ing of the ancient tabu system and the
cano has been built. The volcano emits
has precluded and accompanied it with destruction of the idols. The new king,
sufficient red fire and black smoke to
excellent music. Liholiho, is afraid at first, but his re
suggest the terrifying reality to an ac
The performance opens with Beet luctance is overcome by the queen and
tive imagination. The princess picks
hoven's "Hymn of Creation," rendered the queen regent, who is in effect the up the sacred berries, which it is death
by the Hawaiian Band. Then comes most powerful person in the islands. to touch, on the way up the moun
a choral overture suggesting the ancient It is the women who have suffered tain, stands on the brink of the crater
state of civil war on the islands, the most from the tyranny of tabu, which and eats them, scornfully tossing the
unrest and confusion caused by the old forbade them to eat with their fathers, stones into the lake of fire and crying.
tabu system and the comparative unity husbands or male children, and pro
"Jehovah is my God !" The great de
and peace brought about by the vic hibited them from using the most
fiance is accomplished and the power
tories of that beneficent tyrant, Kame- nourishing foods, under penalty of
of Pele over the souls of men is brok
hameha I, a Charlemagne of savages. death. Womanhood rebels. The queen
en. . . .
Then comes the appeal to the imagina eats a forbidden banana with her little
tion through the eyes, in color, move son. Thus the tabu is badly cracked, The four remaining pictures display
ment and human action. if not smashed. The queen regent the reign of law under the Magna
You must know a little about the argues (and perhaps threatens) with Charta of King Kamehameha III; the
history in order to follow the story the king until he yields. The idols development of modern industries; the
closely . . . but even without this are thrown, down, trampled under foot, union of Hawaii with America in
18r)8, and a review of the progress of
knowledge you can feel the magic of burned. The bands of ancient, cruel
the scene ; the glorious setting of the superstition are loosed. . . . a century. There is considerable alle
play between the mountains and the The third and fourth pictures show gory in the presentation ; but the re
sea ; the little human shapes coming the arrival of the Christian mission deeming touch of reality is ever pres
and going along the grassy trails, aries from New England—seven men ent in the fact that the chief actors
among the scattered rocks and wind- and seven women, with five children—• are the descendants of the missionaries
tossed trees ; bare, brown arms and and the beginning of their work. The (Continued on page 178)
 July, 1924 THE FRIEND 169

Trie Annual Meeting in Hilo

THE 102nd Annual Meeting of the fry Henry P. Judd
translated by Miss Ella H. Paris and
Hawaiian Evangelical Association published through the active interest of
was held in the Haili church, Hilo, from noon. The Hawaiian Hoard held the Mr. Theodore Richards. Dr. Baird led
July 2-10. Owing to its being the cen first session of its annual meeting in the the discussion the last period of the
tennial of the founding of the Hilo Foreign Church which was well attended morning on the subject, "Our Homes."
mission and also of the defiance by for a meeting outside of Honolulu. The Dr. Baird dwelt on the two factors of
Kapiolani of the goddess Pele, it was of usual reports of the corresponding successful home life—obedience and
greater interest than usual to the gen secretary and of the treasurer were pre freedom, pointing out the three ways of
eral public. The fact that there was to sented and the nominations for member expressing freedom, that of freedom of
be a song contest of eight of the lead ship in the Board and in the directorate the body, of the mind and of the soul.
ing choirs of the Territory was an of the Honolulu Theological Seminary Thursday evening there was a com
added incentive for being present at the were brought in... In the evening Dr. bined rally of the Sunday School and
gathering. The Maui delegates arrived Gorge W. Hinman of the American Christian Endeavor Association. Short
on a special trip of the "Mauna Kea," Missionary Association delivered an ad addresses were made by Mr. Frank E.
and the Kauai and Oahu visitors came dress, stressing the need for a closer Midkiff on the development of the Ka-
on the "Haleakala" on Wednesday cooperation between the races. mehemeha Schools and by Mrs. Frank
morning, July 2, in ample time for the The second day's program included Woods on the needs of the Kapiolani
beginning of the conference. the reading of the annual reports of the Maternity Home. An excellent musical
At the opening session, after the de corresponding secretary and of the program was carried out ; in fact the
votional service led by the Rev. Henry treasurer and the approval of the nomi musical features of the convention were
K. Poepoe, moderator of the conference, nations to membership made at the notable. The choirs from all the islands
an address of welcome was given by the Board meeting of the previous day. The were generous in their response to the
Rev. Stephen L. Desha, pastor of the four new members of the Board are many invitations to sing during the
Haili church, which was followed by a Mrs. Anna C. Wilcox, Miss Elsie H. services.
few words from Governor Wallace R. Wilcox, Rev. Peter E. Huyler and Rev. Friday morning the Association held
Farrington, a special guest of the Asso Augustine Jones. An innovation this an early session in commemoration of
ciation. Then came a brief message year was the Sunday School period of the national holiday. Assembling in front
from the National Council, delivered by instruction conducted in the Foreign of the Haili church at 6 o'clock, the
Dr. L. O. Baird of the Washington Church under the direction of Miss members listened to a splendid address
Congregational Conference. The roll Edna J. Hill of the Board's Sunday by Governor Farrington, after several
call, appointment of committees, reading School Department. This experiment selections by various choirs and prayers
of the statistical report and discussion worked well and much valuable work by Rev. S. L. Desha and Rev. P. E.
of the question of increasing the mem was done each morning with the group Huyler. Some of the high points of the
bership of our churches took the re of officers and teachers of many of the address were these : "People today
mainder of the morning's session. The island Sunday Schools. Another inno must demonstrate each day whether
usual meetings of the Sunday School vation was the setting apart of a few they are with the workers in the cause
Association and of the Christian En minutes each morning for instruction in of government of, by and for the peo
deavor Societies were held in the after- singing new songs which had been ple, or loafers absorbing everything

The Haili Choir which won first honors in the song contest. In the front row are Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Stephen L. Desha, the
gracious and efficient hosts of the convention, and Mr. Harry Naope, director of the choir.
170 THE FRIEND July, 1924

from the luxury of their heritage and

giving nothing in return." "The most
satisfying duty of the citizen is that he
shall apply his energy and ability so as
to be helpful." "As a Territory, one of
the first responsibilities to the nation is
to dignify labor and populate this out
post with loyal, intelligent, hardworking
citizens, American home builders." "We
are quite safe in concluding that the
missionaries who came to Hawaii in
1820 were moved by a deeper religious
fervor and a more complete sacrifice of
self than the Pilgrims of 1620 who left
their native land to escape persecution."
"Prayer and patriotism must be the
power on which reliance must be placed
today, if we are just commonly honest
in. our pledge here renewed to God and A convention group with Governor and Mrs. Wallace R. Farrington and other
country that we will carry on." "What visiting friends.
more could be given to move our citi
zens to so live that the character which Kaumakapili and Laupehoehoe choirs. his text 2 Kings 4 :8, showing that the
they weave into the flag of our nation The decision of the judges was hailed deed of the Shunammite woman is
shall be true to the ideals of the patriots, with joy by a large majority of the known everywhere, although her name
the missionaries, the unknown soldiers people present, for the Haili choir is is unknown. Her disinterested act of
who have given of their utmost that popular with the Hilo people. Its sing love was the thing that made her
we might live." The Governor's address ing was marked with spirit and eager famous. So the name of Kapiolani is
w-as enthusiastically received by the res ness. An interesting study could be a name that is known all over the world
idents of Hilo and the delegates present made of the different styles of singing for her wonderful deed of courage in
on that beautiful morning. The mem noticed that evening. The Kauai and standing out bravely for the true God
bers of the Association spent the re Maui type of singing was in decided and opposing the worship of the god
mainder of the day according to their contrast to that of the Haili choir, and dess Pele. In the course of this strik
own wishes ; some visited the Volcano, it claimed many champions. First prize ing address by Mr. Desha, the main
others took the drive down to Kalapana consisted of a silver cup, which Gov points of the life of Kapiolani were set
or to other places ; the great majority ernor Farrington presented to the leader forth. It will be worth while to set
remained in Hilo and witnessed the boat of the chorus, Harry Naope. The Kauai them down here for preservation.
races or enjoyed themselves in other choir received a red-bound Hawaiian Kapiolani was the daughter of Kea-
ways. Bible at the hands of the Governor. wemauhili, a great chief of Hilo, and
The main feature of Saturday's pro Sunday was the day of celebrating Ululani, his wife. When but three years
gram was the customary rally of the the centennial of the founding of the of age she was taken to the district of
Sunday Schools, call the "Hoike." This mission in Hilo and of the defiance of Ka-u, at the time of the death of Kala-
was of a high standard and well attend Pele by the high chiefess Kapiolani. niopuu. the uncle of Kamehameha I.
ed and well conducted. In. the after The morning service in the Haili church The body of this great man was interred
noon there was a reception for the dele was the occasion for the baptism of at the Hale o Keawe at Honaunau in
gates at the charming home of Mr. and children by the Rev. William Kamau Kona. In keeping with the ancier.t
Mrs. James Henderson at Piihonua. The and Rev. H. P. Judd, and the reception custom, the new king. Kiwala-o, made
guests were entertained with music and of new members by Rev. S. L. Desha. assignment of the lands on Hawaii to
with refreshments, and roamed about The historical paper, which is printed the various chiefs. He was bitter to
the lovely flower garden and the attrac in this issue of "The Friend," was read wards Kamehameha. The battle ot
tive Japanese garden. In the evening by Mr. Judd. In the afternoon the sac Mokuohai in South Kona decided the
the song contest filled the Armory to rament of the Lord's Supper was ad future leadership of the people and was
overflowing with a crowd eager to listen ministered by Rev. David Kaaeamoku very important in the history of the
to the various choirs that had been of Waimea, Kauai, and Rev. Peter E. islands. Kiwala-o was slain by Keeau-
preparing carefully for the competition. Huyler of the First Foreign Church of moku, father of Kaahumanu, who him
It was unusually difficult for the judges, Hilo. It was an unusually impressive self was seriously wrounded. Keawe-
headed by Governor Farrington, to ren service. Rev. H. K. Poepoe baptized mauhili was taken captive to the temple
der a decision. The final conclusion three children, and Rev. S. L. Desha of Hikiau at Napoopoo, but finally es
was that first prize should go to the received a young girl into the church caped. In the course of time, the little
Haili church choir, second prize to the membership. The program of the eve child Kapiolani was left by her parents
Kauai group, third prize to the Maui ning was devoted to commemorating the in the woods of Kona with the "lei
choir, fourth place to the Makua choir brave deed of the chiefess Kapiolani in palaoa," or sign of royalty, about her
of Oahu. Honorable mention was made defying the power of Pele, the goddess neck. She was discovered by soldiers
of the Kawaiahao, Kalihi-Moanalua, of the volcano. Mr. Desha chose for of the king and cared for at Kahaluu.
July, 1924 THE FRIEND 171

Kona, for several years, being finally well commemorated by the splendid ser connection with the newly appointed
restored to her own parents. Arriving vice in the church that evening. The Committee of Fifteen were discussed.
at maturity, she was married to Naihe, Kaumakapili choir sang Kapiolani's The evening program was devoted to a
the national orator, and the usual cus favorite hymn : other choirs rendered social entertainment given by the ladies
toms were observed at the wedding. sacred music. of the Foreign church in the Haili
When Liholiho (Kamehameha II.) went Monday morning there was a special lanai. After a number of songs, refresh
to Honolulu in 1822, or thereabouts, conference, informal in its nature, be ments were served and a brief address
Naihe and Kapiolani were in the royal fore the regular session of the Associa was made by Rev. P. E. Huyler, pastor
company. Hiram Bingham influenced tion. At this time Drs. Hinman and of the Foreign church.
some of the chiefesses—Xahienaena, Tuesday morning, in the business ses
Kaahumanu, Liliha, and others — to sion, the subject of better enforcement
accept the Christian religion. Kapio- of the law called forth much discussion.
Jani was slow at first in coming to a The report of the special committee on
decision, but finally was convinced of a higher standard for ordination to the
the superiority of the religion of Christ ministry was the occasion of some de
to that of her own faith. One of her bate, resulting the following morning in
first concerns was for her own people, the approval of the report, with the ex
and she requested of Mr. Bingham that ception of the section exempting gradu
teachers might be sent to Hawaii. As ates of the Christian Workers' Institute
a result of her earnest wish, Messrs. and other schools of equal standing
Ruggles and Goodrich were sent to Hilo from the obligation to take the exam
early in 1824, as stated in the historical ination. Rev. H. K. Poepoe, the mod
paper of the morning. Kapiolani lived For the first time this year an "informa erator of the Association, announced
tion booth" was maintained at the conven
in the very spot where Miss Ella II. tion. Mr. Henry Kapea, who was on the the appointment of the Committee of
Paris' home at Kuapehu, Kealakekua, is job in a varied capacity, is here seen with Fifteen on ways and means for increas
located. There she maintained a room his assistant and Miss Ewaliko.
ing the church membership. The com
for preachers of God's word. mittee consists of Rev. N. C. Schenck,
Always zealous for the propagation Raird. our mainland visitors, explained chairman ; Rev. Jose Alba, Y. T. Char,
of the new faith in Jesus Christ, she the details of the working out of the S. L. Desha, Jr., Rev. K. Higuchi, Rev.
formed a purpose, opposed by her new plan whereby Hawaii is to become T. Hori, Rev. P. E. Huyler, Rev. M. M.
friends and others, of visiting the vol a constituent state of the Congregational Kahiapo, Samuel Keliinoi, Rev. T. Oku-
cano of Kilauea and defying the god order. Rev. George De Kay of the mura, Pedro Racelis, A. Rodriguez,
dess Pele. Hearing of her intention, Anti-Saloon League told of the work of Rev. Tse Kei Yuen, Rev. Tsui Hin
a priestess of Pele visited Kapiolani in that organization. Then the first item Weng and Rev. E. E. Pleasant.
her home in Kona and tried in vain to of business was the consideration of the Both Dr. Hinman and Dr. Baird
dissuade her from her purpose. Kapio resolution with regard to Hawaii's be made short talks of appreciation for
lani walked to Kilauea, quite a feat for coming a constitutent state. After dis what the Association had done for them
a woman of her size, and there per cussion and a slight addition to the res during their stay in Hilo and for other
formed her noble act of courage and of olution, the Association voted its ap expressions of interest in their mission.
loyalty to Christ, a story which is well proval of the plan. The island Asso These two visitors sailed for Honolulu
known. Of all the persons of royal ciations, through their officers, presented that afternoon to take the steamer for
blood in Hawaii, she was the most their reports of the islands' Associations the mainland the following morning.
enthusiastic supporter of the cause of meetings held during the past year, and Miss L. Ford of the Honolulu Y.W.C.A.
the Gospel. When the time came for told of progress in the four counties. staff gave asvery interesting address on
her to leave this life, after her opera The island Associations held their own "The Problem of the Girl." She de
tion for the removal of a cancer, Kapio special meetings that morning and took clared that the modern girl has been
lani said : "I am going to the eternal up matters of a more or less routine unfairly characterized, and that in real
home to meet my Father." So there nature. In the Oahu Association one ity she is more sensible and reasonable
passed away from the life of her people subject of importance was given much than the girl of the previous genera
one of the rarest spirits and one of the consideration, but was finally deferred tion, and that she is on the right track
staunchest characters ever produced in for further conference. It was that of in the solution of the many problems
the islands. It was stated by both Mr. a possible amalgamation of the three confronting her. If we had started
Goodrich and Mr. Ruggles that in her Hawaiian churches in the city of Hono sooner with our camps and conferences
visit in Hilo of 10 or 12 days, after the lulu—the Kawaiahao, Kaumakapili and for girls we would be having cleaner
defiance of Pele, she did more for the Kalihi-Moanalua churches. politics today, for in these gatherings
cause of Christianity than the two mis In the afternoon there was a special of young women some of the most im
sionaries were able to do in a whole conference of the Anglo-Saxon workers portant questions of life are being ade
year. of the Board and the Union church pas quately presented and the girls of the
It was felt that Mr. Desha had made tors, meeting with Drs. Baird and Hin present time are being trained in their
a careful evaluation of the life and man to consider some of the outwork- responsibilities to their God and their
work of the great chiefess Kapiolani ings of the new plan adopted that morn country.
and that her contributions to the prog ing by the Association. The details of One of the most picturesque portions
ress of the Christian religion had been the setting up of the campaign and the of the convention was the pageant of
 THE FRIEND July, 1924
172
Kapiolani. written by the Rev. S. L. to hold the next meeting in the Kawaia-
hao church, probably in July, 1925.
Need to "Get Together"
Desha and staged by himself and the
members of the Haili church. In a Rev. H. P. Judd read a paper pre ON THURSDAY, July 17th, Hono
series of colorful scenes, the story of pared by Mr. George A. Wesson, super lulu had as guest Mr. Frank Raw-
the life of the noble chiefess was de intendent of the Boys' Industrial School linson, editor-in-chief of the Chinese
picted in a fascinating way. The his at Waialea, Oahu, on "The Problem of Recorder.
toric battle of Mokuohai was represent the Delinquent Boy." The committee During his eight-hour visit in the city
ed; the finding of the little Kapiolani. on necrology reported that during the he was entertained at a luncheon under
her marriage to Naihe, the training of past year four ministers had died : Revs. the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. Mr.
the group of chiefesses by the Rev. O. H. Gulick, John Kama, S. K. Kati- Frank Atherton presided and called on
Hiram Bingham in the art of singing, lili and J. N. Kamoku, and that Hon. Mr. Rawlinson to speak.
the defiance of Pele at the brink of William Hyde Rice and Hon. S. M. He expressed his interest in the com
Kilauea, the prayer of Kapiolani for Damon, the former long a member of ing conference of Christian leaders in
strength, and the singing of the Chris- the Board, and the latter a friend of the countries around the Pacific to be
tion hymn by the chiefess and her com our work, had passed away since the held in Honolulu next year and said
pany—these were the outstanding fea last Annual Meeting. Rev. S. L. that he could not over emphasize the
tures of the pageant. It was highly Desha, chairman of the entertainment importance of getting people together to
appreciated by the large number of committee of the convention, reported think and talk friendly about their prob
delegates and others in the Japanese that more than $10,000 had been re lems. The recently organized National
theatre, who realized what an immense ceived from various sources for the re Christian Council in China has found
amount of work had been done by Mr. pairing of Haili church and for the that the most successful work which it
and Mrs. Desha and their associates, expenses of the convention, and that it has done thus far consisted in holding
many of whom had been busy during seemed as if the church would be able about fifty retreats at various points in
the days of the convention in the exact to clear off an old debt, besides paying China where people with widely differ
ing task of providing the food for the all the expenses of entertaining the ent, and sometimes antagonistic, views
hundreds who ate three times a day in large number of delegates. It may be lived together for a week and found that
the Haili hall. of interest to note that 19 cattle, 29 through frank and honest effort and
Wednesday morning was the occasion pigs, 155 chickens, 1,000 pounds of aku good-fellowship a way can be found 01
for the discussion of the problem of the fish, 15 bags of sweet potatoes and 5 doing things together.
pastorless church and the proper way to tons of poi were among the articles of
This plan might be employed in meet
administer the rite of Christian baptism. food contributed by friends.
ing the race problem. Where we differ
The Committee of Fifteen presented Wednesday evening the farewell social
is essentially a scientific problem—but
their report, the main points of which was given by the ladies of the Haili "the thing that counts most is the moral
are these: A Day of Prayer in all our church. The usual songs, in chorus, life. In that realm we can be equal."
churches on September 21 ; a house-to- quartet and solo, were rendered in an
house canvass; a goal of 1.200 new- "After science has done its work,"
attractive manner and refreshments said Mr. Rawlinson, "we can all be mor
members before the next annual meet were served. Right here it should be
ing ; young people to be encouraged ; ally like God." 1 le believes that "some
remarked that the entertainment of the how we have got to secure some things"
the Sunday School and the Christian
visitors was all that could possibly be if we would have a better world, and he
Endeavor Associations are to be invited
desired and that the high level of hos mentioned these three among others:
to co-operate with the churches in this
special effort ; a pre-Easter campaign pitality for which Hilo is justly famous 1. Mutual respect—wherein we as
was maintained by the efficient corps of sist every other race to respect itself
for new members; instruction in Chris-
workers, headed by the pastor of the and to be free from the feeling that it
tion life and work to be given to the
new memljers ; a committee on evan Haili church, Rev. S. L. Desha. is inferior morally.
gelism to be appointed by each island The concluding session of the Associ 2. Mutual preservation—as against
Association ; the moderator to spend ation was held Thursday morning. After self-preservation which generally means
two weeks on each island doing this the devotional service, led by Rev. Nor
the invasion of other countries to insure
special work of evangelism ; the church man C. Schenck, on the subject. "Thy
self-preservation.
officers are to study the peace of the Kingdom Come," there was some unfin
ished business, and then the Rev. S. Abe 3. Contributing mutually to the good
churches. The report, so thoughtfully of the whole world.
and adequately prepared by the commit of Seattle was introduced and spoke
tee, was adopted with enthusiasm. briefly, after which two solos were sung In listening to the address of this
by Mr. Sawada. who is accompanying great leader of Christian thought in
The officers chosen for the new year
Mr. Abe on his tour of the islands. The China the writer was conscious, as he
consist of Rev. Henry K. Poepoe. mod
final part of the morning's program was has been many times before, that Hawaii
erator ; Rev. Akaiko Akana, vice-mod
the service of prayer led by Rev. A. can help the rest of America to look and
erator; P. D. Kellett. scribe: J. P. Erd-
Akana. He spoke on the fruit of the listen to both East and West and for the
man, treasurer; Rev. Edward Kahale,
spirit—joy. The Sunday School Asso fairest and truest interpretation of Jesus
assistant scribe; H. P. Judd. H. K. Poe
ciation ended its deliberations at noon, way of living. Perhaps the Occident
poe. A. Akana, S. \V. Meheula, S. L.
and with it the convention adjourned will have to learn many things from the
Desha and J. P. Erdman. program com
mute ; Rev. A. Akana. chairman of the sine die. Orient before Christian ity is fully
entertainment committee. It was voted (Continued on page 176) known. N. C. S.
July, 1924 THE FRIEND 173

Historic Treasures Found in Boston

HAVING had the pleasure recently noticed was covered with cretonne and the king and Croymakoo for permission
of reading a letter dated Boston, a cushion on the top ; the cretonne was to allow James Hunnewell, with Joseph
June 12, 1924, from lion. George R. figured with leaves and artificial flow Spear, to be landed at Woahoo from
Carter of Honolulu, pertaining to an in ers, with a border around the lower the brig Thaddeus, of which Andrew
teresting historic sea-chest which played edge. On lifting the cretonne at one Blanchard is captain, for the purpose
its part and did good service in the very end, I found a rope handle with braided of trading and building a small vessel,
beginning of the industrial history of Turk's head, making the familiar handle the goods and material already having
these islands, we concluded it deserved of the sea-chest. The thought flashed been landed by permission of Governor
a wider reading. We thus take this op through my mind—I wonder if this Bokee. He asks for this permit to re
portunity to present it in "The Friend." green chest of Mr. James Hunnewell's main on the island until Captain Blanch
As a history of C. Brewer & Co. is could be the very one your grandfather ard shall return from the coast. I was
now being prepared, Mr. Carter was in described, and if so, how early in his under the impression that Hunnewell
terested to secure what available mate career did Mr. Hunnewell acquire it ; I went to Woahoo as supercargo in 1818.
rial there was in the Widener Library wonder if it accompanied him on his You remember he was the second officer
of Harvard University, as the early first trip, and where that trip took him? of the Thaddeus that brought out the
founders of C. Brewer & Co. were well- Was he then a sailor before the mast, missionaries, and this letter is written
known citizens of Boston, both before or was his first trip abroad that in at that time.
establishing the business in the islands which he went as a super-cargo with "Captain James Hunnewell's son,
and afterwards. We leave it to the let goods that were finally sold in Hawaii ? James F. Hunnewell, wrote an account
ter to tell the story of the sea-chest. Did this chest follow him back again, of the early history of C. Brewer & Co.,
Widener Library, Harvard, and I wonder how many times it has which was published in 'The Friend,'
traveled around Cape Horn? Could it and in that he states that the business
Room 690,
have gone out in the missionary packet, established by his father was continu
Cambridge, Mass.,
that little vessel only 30 feet long and 13 ous from 1826; but I can see no reason
June 12, 1924.
feet wide, with which Hunnewell navi why he should not have given a descrip
"To Miss Ethel Damon, President gated, and which with such difficulty,
Cousins' Society, Honolulu : tion of Hunnewell's earlier transactions.
after a battle of 9 months, bore him to At all events, Mr. P. C. Jones accepted
"In 'The Friend' is an article by your Honolulu? Twice during this struggle his statement, and Brewer & Co.'s cen
grandfather, Rev. S. C. Damon, describ he had to make port and have his ves tennial anniversary is set for October of
ing an old sea chest. Evidently it was sel repaired so as to keep it seaworthy. 1926.
written when he was on his trip East, Then, after landing in Honolulu in 1826,
as he tells how, when in Boston, he "The next thing we picked up was a
I wonder how long the chest stayed
calls on a merchant prince, a former broad-side proclamation, dated at Hono
there? What a tale it could tell of trag
resident of Hawaii, and in the hallway lulu, November, 1823, signed by Kaui-
edies at sea—the call of a man over
he notices an upholstered divan; later, kea, by which all persons on shore car
board, and all sails reversed, checking
when the merchant wants to refer to rying knife, sword-cane or dangerous
the ship so suddenly that the chest was weapon shall be immediately seized and
some paper, he takes him from the thrown violently about, or the vessel
library into the hall, and. to his sur taken to the fort, and for every such
brought into the wind in order to say offense pay a fine of $10 or receive 25
prise, lifts the cushion and there is the the services over some poor soul that lashes on the back; and further, if any
sea-chest which had accompanied the has passed on and whose body is to be such person shall stab or wound any
gentleman in his early travels; and your cast into the deep; then, too, the storm other, and death does not ensue there
grandfather comments on the excellent off Cape Horn, and the cold weather ! from, the offender shall receive 100
use to which a sea-chest can thus be One's imagination can run riot. lashes and pay a fine of $50, or if he
put.
"Well, next we opened it. It has the fails to pay the fine, be imprisoned for
"Last week, when here, visiting the
usual little shelf or pocket up in the two months. The proclamation has
Widener Library at Harvard, searching
right-hand side, and the very first thing folded with it its duplicate in Hawaiian.
for data in regard to the early history
of C. Brewer & Co., I was furnished we took up was an old brown card "You can imagine my feelings, my
with a few volumes of the letters of board, folded like a book, and on the excitement, on thus discovering such a
Mr. James Hunnewell, and those in au outside was written, 'Waste Book, Brig treasure box, and I refused to go fur
thority said there were one or two boxes Thaddeus, A. D. 1821, 1822, 1823 and ther. I had had enough for one day,
of the Hunnewell papers in the base 1824." Opening this in foolscap was and said I did not wish further to dis
ment, and in order to survey all the a one-page letter signed by James Hun turb the contents of the box until I
material that I wanted to examine, they newell, dated Woahoo. 9th August, could have someone to whom I could
took me down through the bookbinding 1820, and addressed to His Majesty dictate, and now the library has very
department into the passages stored Rehoreho I. A memo at the top states kindly given me a room exclusively for
with material and finally into a locked that the letter is a copy of one written my use and has had the chest moved
compartment or room. At one side there to the king at the request of French into it. I am standing beside it. Of
were some boxes, one of which I John, his secretary. It is a request from course, I can't begin to give you in this
1/4 THE FRIEND July, 1924

letter anything but the briefest descrip ship 'Champion,' with the addition of in Disguise,' page 120; and on page 120
tion. the schooner boat 'Water Witch,' and is a published letter by your grand
"There are packages neatly folded Hunnewell states that he will leave the father (Rev. S. C. Damon, D. D.).
and filed, and one I take up is of bills collection of the small debts remaining dated Honolulu, September 2. 1856. in
of lading, shipments to San Francisco, unpaid with a Mr. Hammatt. On the which he states that the chest de
1858-1859; another brown manila enve same sheet of paper there is a copy of scribed in the September, 1852, 'Friend'
lope, with a green seal and old pink a letter dated Woahoo, January 26, was the sea-chest of James Hunne
tape, marked 'Adventures to Honolulu' 1822, to Captain Blanchard, in which he well. He reproduces the article of it
closed. There are half a dozen paper- states that last Christmas Mr. Secretary that had already appeared in 'The
covered old writing books, used to prac Reeves' establishment was burned by Friend,' adding this : T would merely
tice penmanship; the covers have a pic one of the young king's servants, and add that this cabin boy (James Hunne
ture of the Good Samaritan ; inside of the culprit, though known, is permitted well) subsequently became an officer on
a printed border is a place for name of to go without punishment. He refers to board the brig Thaddeus, which brought
the person under the printed words a similar affair on Kauki, when Captain the first company of missionaries to the
'Property of.' The first one of which I Masters' establishments was burned by Sandwich Islands. At a later period he
pick up is an account sales of sundries the natives and the captain was left resided as a merchant in Honolulu. Al
belonging to 'brig Griffon,' and the first with nothing but the shirt on his back ; though more than a score of years have
entry is October 10, 1821, and the last the loss was nearly $4,000. He states passed away since he left the island, it
appears to be November 22, 1828. The that there had been three murders on is still gratifying to see his willingness
second book is an account of sandal Oahu since the captain left, and the to become identified with our Sailors'
wood in Manilla's yard, beginning in only punishment is that the murderers Home, located in the midst of our
April of 1827. The heading in the sec were sentenced to hard labor in cutting growing city.' Earlier in the article he
ond page is 'Account of Sandal Wood sandal wood, where they received better states : 'Twelve thousand dollars have
in My New Mud House, May 25, 1827.' pay than in any other occupation. He been raised for the Sailors' Home in
There is another sandal wood book, goes on and bodly complains of Captain Honolulu, of which $2,000 was received
making the third, which carries his ac Blanchard's character and his actions from Mr. Hunnewell of Boston. The
count in this merchandise through 1830. while in Hawaii, and states that it has efforts of this gentleman have been most
There are three of these books devoted caused him great inconvenience. indefatigable in our behalf. . . . What
to the account sales of merchandise be "I shall continue to examine these Mr. Hunnewell may be now I leave it
longing to the brig Active, with William papers, and I shall at least have photo for his friends and the merchants of
Cotting, master, and they begin with graphs made of the more important Boston to answer, but what he \va*
December 18, 1826, in which Hunnewell documents for our library. some forty years ago, I may be permit
runs a sort of journal, which shows "Would it not be wonderful if I ted to tell, 'He zi'as a sailor boy.' Fol
that these items were transferred to a should find in this chest a picture of the lowing this, he introduced the article in
ledger; the first book ends with Octo Thaddeus ? There is small hope of it, 'The Friend.' This number of the Sail
ber of 1827, and the second carries the as I asked Hunnewell yesterday if he ors' Magazine we may already possess
sales of goods out of the Active until had ever seen one, but he thought not; in our library, although I am not
April of 1828; the third takes them however, some day some member, some certain.
from November of 1828 to October 22, cousin, will surely find one. "Of some of the interesting things
1829. "Very sincerely yours, contained in the chest, other than manu
"Going back to the cardboard covers (Another letter, under date of June scripts, was a piece of the old ship
containing the letter of August 9, 1820, 13th, tells of the opening of the famous 'Siren,' repaired at 'Rio' in 1858; a lit
to the king, second document, I now sea-chest.) tle hand-mirror, in a frame four by five
find a letter signed by Isaac Hall and Widener Library, Harvard, inches, enclosed and pasted over by
dated Boston, January 11, 1832, ad Room 690, what looks like tapa cloth, probably
dressed to Captain Andrew Blanchard Cambridge, Mass., used by Hunnewell when in Hawaii.
or the officers of the brig Thaddeus, in June 13, 1924. There are seven packages of samples of
troducing Captain Samuel Chandler, "My Dear : various patterns of ginghams and other
commander of the brig 'Pearl,' request "Wednesday, June 11th, the contents cloths desired for native use, some of
ing the officers of the Thaddeus to of the famous sea-chest were all re them signed by B. F. Snow, requesting
assist Captain Chandler of the 'Pearl' moved, and there is no picture of the shipment of similar goods; of these
in any way they may fiwl possible. That Thaddeus; nevertheless, it contains a seven different packages most of them
letter is expected to be delivered at the wonderful lot of material of historic are bright colors and of fancy designs
Sandwich Islands or on the West coast. value. We already had the evidence of —one of Turkey red. There is al.-o
The third document is a letter from James M. Hunnewell that this uphol another bundle containing samples u\
James Hunnewell, dated November 27, stered green chest belonged to his buttons.
1824, from Woahoo, addressed to grandfather, James Hunnewell, and was "I now have on my desk in front of
Messrs. Bryant & Sturgis, stating that undoubtedly the one described by S. C. me a line of twelve folded files of old
he is sending forward, per the brig Las Damon in 'The Friend.' Well, now, in documents, covering different years in
car, by Captain Harris, his account sales addition to that evidence, Wednesday I the period between 1820 and 1830. The
of the goods entrusted to his care be found in the chest itself a copy of the first is marked 'Papers, etc., brig Thad
longing to the owners of the brig Sailors' Magazine of December, 1856, deus' ; the second, 'Island Private Paper?
'Pearl,' duplicates of those sent by the marked in pencil : 'Cabin Boy's Chest (Continued on page 1S1 )
 July, 1924 THE FRIEND m
A PERSONALITY which of W. N. Ladd & Co., which
■*» survived in a remarkable was located on Fort Street,
way a long and confining ill Samuel Mills Damon where the Odd Fellows'
ness, and which must inevit Building now stands. In 1871
ably be a part of the Hawaii he entered the bank of Bishop
of all time, was that of & Co., then the sole banking
Samuel Mills Damon. house of Honolulu, serving in
Mr. Damon's passing on the capacity of a clerk for
July 1, 1924, came three several years. Within a short
months after his seventy- period he was admitted as a
ninth birthday. Members of partner in the firm, and on
his family were with him in the departure of its founder,
the beautiful home on the C. R. Bishop, for San Fran
hillside overlooking Moanalua cisco shortly after the abro
Gardens, Honolulu's beauty gation of the monarchy, 1893.
spot which Mr. Damon cre Mr. Damon bought his inter
ated, generously shared dur est, thus becoming chief owiv
ing his life time, and which, er and head of the institu
through his will, becomes tion.
permanently a place of beauty Some years after the start
and refreshment which all ing of Olaa Plantation, in the
may enjoy. It was a peace sugar boom following annex
ful end to an earthly career ation, Bishop & Co. under
of dramatic business develop took its financial control and
ment, unusual service to the agency. Being one of the di
government he helped to cre rectorates of several other
ate and of warm-hearted plantations, Mr. Damon's in
friendliness toward all with terest in the main industry of
whom he came in contact. the islands was very large.
Mr. Damon was the son of In his hands the Bank of
the late Samuel Chenery Da Bishop & Co. was transform
mon, D.D., founder of The ed in equipment and methods
Friend and for many years of metropolitan rank, and
pastor of the old Bethel grew in pace with the com
Church. His mother. Mrs. mercial development of the
Julia Mills Damon, was for territory.
many years head of the When, on the occasion of
Strangers' Friend Society, a Mr. Damon's death, terri
leading charitable organiza torial leaders recalled inci
tion in Honolulu's early days. interim, from April 28, 1899, to June dents which involved outstanding acts
The family tradition of service bore 13, 1899, and from May 18, 1900, to of kindness, Mr. Clarence Cooke, presi
abundant fruit in the life of Samuel June 14, 1900; member of the advisory dent of the Bank of Hawaii, stated
Mills Damon. There is no record, as council of the Republic of Hawaii un that in the early days of his—a rival
indeed he would cordially wish, of the der President Sanford Ballard Dole. bank—Mr. Damon had assisted the of
numbers of young men he helped, of He was a member of the Society ficers in many ways. Among others
institutions and governmental depart Beaux Arts, Paris ; Royal Society of who publicly spoke, both of the integ
ments he served, of the understanding Arts, London ; Hawaiian Historical So rity and high courage of Mr. Damon
of aloha which beautiful hospitality and ciety, and Pacific Club of Honolulu. He and his broadminded attitude toward
a charming personality created in the was decorated with the Order of the business associates and friends, were :
minds and hearts of large numbers of Golden Treasure, Japan ; Knight of the Governor Farrington, ex-Governor Mc
people. His modesty forbade praise, Order of Christ, Portugal, one of the Carthy, W. O. Smith, Mayor Wilson,
though inevitably honor came in the oldest in Europe ; Victoria Jubilee med Lorrin A. Thurston, W. R. Castle, A.
form of decorations from his own and al, England. He was decorated by the W. T. Bottomly, James L. Cockburn
foreign governments. French government in 1899, given the and Secretary of the Territory, Ray
King Kalakaua appointed Mr. Damon grand cross, R. O. K., 1890; appointed mond C. Brown.
is a member of his privy council Au vice-president of the Provisional Gov Governor Farrington said in part :
gust 12, 1884. He was Minister of ernment, following the overthrow of the "Mr. Damon was one of the best
Finance of the Kingdom from July 22, monarchy and the dethronement of friends I ever had. He was a man
1889, to June 17, 1890. From May 29, the late Queen Liliuokalani, February, whose work as a public official and as
1 893, following the overthrow of the 1893 ; decorated by the King of Portu a business man will grow in apprecia
Monarchy, to July 20, 1897, from Au gal, March, 1902. He retired from pub tion as time goes on.
gust 12," 1897, to November 13, 1899, lic life in June, 1900. "I often think of the time of great
ind from December 21, 1899, to June Mr. Damon was educated at Punahou, political changes here, when Mr. Da
14, 1900; Minister of the Interior, ad and after graduation entered the store mon's sacrifices were as great as those
176 THE FRIEND July, 1924

of anybody. With his whole fortune was the beginning of this twofold Scrip hundreds of guests with perfect ease,
he backed the government. ture reading, when the Scriptures were and in a most satisfactory fashion ; in
"As minister of finance he organized read both in English and in Spanish. the addresses along spiritual lines ; in
the finances of the new government. As this was the first broadcasting of the transaction of the routine business
"His work provided the basis of an the Scriptures in the Spanish language, of the conference ; in the cordial re
organization which surpasses that of the Spanish community of San Fran sponse to the appeals made by the lead
many of the states. It is one of sim cisco made much of the occasion. Rev. ers ; in the heart}' reception accorded
plicity and perfection. Jose P. Ruiz read the Scriptures first the plans of the Committee of Fifteen,
"The soundness of his financial meth in English, and Rev. A. H. Mellen. and the evident determination on the
ods was wonderfully demonstrated in secretary of the American Bible Soci part of the members that the goal oi
the panic of 1907, when the Bank of ety, Mexico City, then read the same 1,200 new members must be reached be
Bishop & Co. had a cash surplus. This Scriptures in the Spanish language. A fore another year shall have rolled by;
instance illustrated one of his funda guest of honor on this occasion was in the unanimous approval of the reso
mental principles. It was largely due the consul general of Mexico, Sr. L. lution to take steps to become one of
to this fact that Hawaii remained on. a Garsa Leal, who, after the reading, the constituent states of the Congrega
cash basis while other cities were on a gave a word of greeting suitable to the tional church ; in these and other ways
clearing-house basis. occasion. As there are so many thou it was evident that the Annual Meet
"Mr. Damon was a good friend and sands in California who speak the Span ing of 1924 was a gathering of a high
a sound business man. He had high ish language, and as Mexico is a neigh order, and that much had been accom
ideals. As a public servant, he devoted bor, it is entirely appropriate that the plished that will bear important results
his energies to the public service while bi-lingual program of Scripture read for the Kingdom of God in Hawaii in
they were needed. He stayed in the ing should begin with the Spanish the next few years.
public service until his task was fin tongue, the common tongue not only The weather was perfect for the pur
ished, then retired." for Mexico and Central America, but pose of a convention ; sunny skies and
Mr. Damon is survived by Mrs. Da for all South America as well. light breezes prevailed : Hilo's worth
mon, a sister of the late Henry Perriiie and availability as a convention city
Baldwin ; a daughter, Mary M. ; two once more proved itself a reality, and
sons, Henry F. and Douglas Damon ; Annual Meeting in Hilo the hospitable citizens of the second city
rive grandchildren, and the following
of the Territory again showed that the
nephews and nieces : Cyril F. Damon, (Continued from page 172)
old-time spirit of cordiality, for which
Violet Putnam, Daphne Damon, Ber
Mention should be made of various the islands are famous, is still in exis
nard Damon, Roxor Damon, Ethel Da
phases of activity on the part of the tence. The majority of the delegates
mon, Mrs. Julia Giffard and Morris
Damon of Honolulu, and Vera Gadd of delegates. First of all, the sunrise prayer boarded the "Haleakala" on Thursday
New York and Will Damon of Arizona. meetings, led by the Christian En afternoon for Mala and Honolulu with
the spirit of aloha in their hearts and
At the time of the burial in Nuuanu deavor officials. These maintained a
cemetery, the ashes of Mr. Damon's high level of spirituality and made a with gratitude to the Hilo people for
granddaughter, Miss Heather Jean Da valuable contribution to the welfare of all that they had done for them, and
mon, whose sad death occurred in Paris the Association. Then the devotional at the same time realizing that there is
on March 20, were interred. services each morning at 9 o'clock, led yet much hard work ahead of us all
by Revs. John P. Erdman, Henry G. which we must undertake if we are to
Wakai, Augustine Jones. Ellis E. Pleas bring these islands to a knowledge of
Broadcasting the Scriptures ant and Norman C. Schenck. These por our Ixjrd and Master and if we are to
tions of the program put the members make a complete triumph for Jesus
THE daily broadcasting of the Scrip in the right frame of mind for the Christ.—H. P. J.
tures at noon from Hale Brothers, transaction of the business of the Asso
San Francisco, K. P. O. Station, has ciation. The afternoons were devoted
Carrying out a determination to spend
continued for over a year with great to the meetings of the Sunday School
two years in mission work in China be
success. The service has been conduct and Christian Endeavor Associations, as fore taking up post-graduate college
ed by the Pacific agency of the Ameri is customary. Rev. Henry K. Poepoe
can Bible Society, with the co-operation work, Mr. Theodore Forbes will leave
was elected president of the Hawaiian soon for the Oberlin Shansi School,
of the clergy of San Francisco. On July
Sunday School Association, to take the Shansi province, China. He has been
11th, Dr. John H. Ritson, general sec
place made vacant by the death of the appointed a teacher of English in this
retary of the British and Foreign Bible
late Hon. William Hyde Rice. school.
Society, was in San Francisco, en route
from Australia to London. He broad The social aspect of the convention The school, situated near the city of
casted the Scriptures at the K. P. O. must not be overlooked in any estimate Taiku, was founded in memory of a
Station at noon on that day, and was of the conference. The spirit of hospi number of Christian missionaries who
the guest of honor at a luncheon given tality and good-will on the part of the were killed in the Boxer wars. It is
at the Hotel Gift by the American hosts and hostesses was conducive to maintained by Oberlin College. Ohio.
Bible Society and the clergy of San the success of the various social gath which annually sends one of its grad
Francisco. erings during the days of the "Aha." uates or upperclassmen there as a teach
A bi-lingual Bible reading is given It was remarked by everyone that this er. Following two years of teaching,
on Monday noon of each week at the centennial gathering in Hilo was the the student returns to Oberlin for a
K. P. O. Station. Monday, July 21st best ever held. In the handling of the vear's studv.
July, 1924 THE FRIEND 177

niie Earl)) Days of 4ie Hilo Mission

THE two pioneers who founded the By Henr? P. Judd went on shore, and a large house was
Hilo Mission were Joseph Good soon provided for our accommodation ;
rich and Samuel Ruggles, both from those who occupied it cheerfully moved
In his book, "Hawaiian Legends of
the State of Connecticut. Samuel Rug out to accommodate us ; it being
Volcanoes," Mr. W. D. Westervelt within a few rods of the shore and
gles was the first of the two to reach
these islands, coming on the famous names, as does Mr. Judd, December, good land. All arrived safe to land
brig "Thaddeus," with the first com 1824, as the date of Kapiolani's de in canoes a little after sunset, most
pany of missionaries in April, 1820. He fiance of Pele. He makes us see the of us considerably reduced from sea
and Mrs. Ruggles were assigned to dramatic scene in a chapter devoted to sickness, yet made ourselves comfor
the station at Waimea, Kauai, in July the history of Kapiolani, from the con table for the night.
of that year, working with Mr. and clusion of which, the paragraphs be "Sunday, 25th. This is probably the
Mrs. Samuel Whitney until early in low are quoted: first Sabbath that was ever known to
1824, when they were delegated to This must have been one of the few these poor people, with the exception
start the work on East Hawaii with of two, when the deputation performed
grand scenes of history. There was
the Goodrichs. the tour of the island. May ere long
the strong, brave convert to Christianity
Joseph Goodrich was a member of the Sabbath's blessed influence shed its
standing above the open lake of fire, cheering rays upon these benighted
the class of 1819 at Yale College. He
and Mrs. Goodrich were of the second the red glowing lava rolling in waves heathen, where the salutary influence
company of missionaries that reached below, with rough blocks of hardened of the Gospel's glorious light has
Honolulu, April 27, 1823, on the lava on every side, the locks (Pele's never been experienced, and long may
"Thames." After a few months' so hair) of the fire-goddess, torn out and this benighted part of the island enjoy
journ on Oahu, the Ruggles and Good whirling around in the air, the timid her Sabbaths. Mr. Ellis preached
rich families, accompanied by Dr. and fearful faces of people and their at twice to the natives and made known
Mrs. Blatchley for a temporary stay ; titude of terror and anxiety showing to them the object of our coming
by Messrs. Kllis and Chamberlain on among them.
the half-hope that the tabu might be
a missionary excursion, and by Mr. and broken and the half-dread lest the evil "Monday, 26th. Took a walk about
Mrs. James Ely, who were en route the fertile land of Waiakea, with a
spirit might breathe fire upon them and
to Kaawaloa, Kona district, sailed for view to selecting a building spot, but
Hilo. destroy them at once.
Mr. Richards says: "A man whose decided upon no definite place. On the
For a most satisfactory statement of 27th, Mr. Ellis, Dr. Blatchley, Mr.
the early days of this mission, we are duty it was to feed Pele, by throwing
berries and the like into the volcano, Ely, Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Hunne-
indebted to the account written by well (the master of the vessel) set out
Messrs. Goodrich and Ruggles in their entreated her to go no farther. 'And
to visit the volcano.
missionary journal, which was sent to what," said she, 'will be the harm?'
the headquarters of the American The man replied, 'You will die by "29th. An aged man this morning
Board in Boston. These missionary made many interesting inquiries of Mr.
Pele.' Kapiolani answered, 'I shall
letters were copied a year ago under Ruggles respecting our coming and the
not die by your god. That fire was religion which we hope to make known
the direction of Mr. Howard M. Ballou kindled by my God.' The man was
of Honolulu through the generosity of to them, by which they may be saved ;
silent and she went onward, descend also he wished to know why we did
I Ion. George R. Carter. Few people
ing several hundred feet, and there not come here sooner.
of this Territory are apparently aware
of the existence of these valuable rec joined in a prayer to Jehovah. She "Friday, 30th. Mrs. Ruggles was
ords of the early days in Hawaii. They also ate the berries consecrated to happily employed in commencing a
have recently come into the possession Pele, and threw stones into the Vol school of nearly a dozen scholars and
of the Hawaiian Mission Children's cano." in instructing them in the first prin
Society Library in the Chamberlain ciples of the Hawaiian language.
House in Honolulu. who cordially approved of our object "31st. Mr. Ellis and company re
In this historical paper the chief and sent a man with instructions to turned quite fatigued with their walk.
source of information has been these the inferior chiefs at Waiakea to build Feb. 1st, 1824, Sunday. Mr. Ellis,
letters written by Goodrich and Rug us two houses in any place we should as usual, unwearied in his labor of
gles. Let the narrative be told in their select and that they should also take love, preached four times in three dif
own language. They set sail "for care of us. Left Lahaina about 1 1 ferent places; at one place finding a
Waiakea, via Lahaina, for the express a. m., and after beating against head man at work upon a canoe. Mr. Ellis
purpose of obtaining the patronage of winds through the week, without any informed him that it was the Sabbath
Kalaimoku, the head chief in the ab remarkable occurrence, we came to of the Lord and that he ought not to
sence of the king and a decided friend anchor in. Waiakea Bay in three and work ; which, when he understood, said
of the mission. one-half fathoms of water, Saturday, that he would never again labor upon
"Monday morning, January 19th, 24th, at 4 p. m. Mr. Ellis and Mr. the Sabbath, but work six days only
made our object known to Kalaimoku, Goodrich, with the man that was sent, and rest the seventh.
178 THE FRIEND July, 1924

"Monday, Feb. 2. At 2 p. m. the trict, the distance being about a mile Mrs. Goodrich dedicated their infant
schooner that brought us here weighed to the place where the meeting is offspring to God in baptism. Mr.
anchor and proceeded to Kailua, con held ; there being, likewise, a small Thurston conducted the ceremony in
veying Mr. and Mrs. Ely thither, and river to ford, which rendered it im the native language, that thp natives
Messrs. Ellis and Chamberlain by way practicable generally for the sisters to might be enabled in some measure to
of Kailua to Oahu. attend. The attention to schools is
"3rd. Mr. Ruggles commenced a evidently increasing, so that we may
school about one mile distant. The truly say that the Lord is on our side, WK>) Not Repeat fke
numbers are small, owing, they say, to by causing this feeble branch of the
shame, or more correctly fear. Some mission to exert a silent, yet powerful, Centennial Pageant?
of the scholars inquired of him how influence over the minds of the poor (Continued from page 168)
many tapas he would give them if they people, and we humbly hope that the
would learn the spelling, though many day is not far distant when they shall and of the Hawaiians whom they came
of them think that they must be re experience the happy effects of the so far to teach.
warded if they attend to instruction. Gospel of God's dear son. In the last scene more than two
"Sat., 7th. The barge came to "May 3rd. School is making prog thousand people, from all the Chris
anchor here about noon, having on ress in the first principles of the tian schools and the so-called "con
board a chief, under whose protection Hawaiian language. In this school structive agencies" of all races on the
we expect to be placed. His name is may be seen the father of 50 years islands, take part. With waving flags
Koakou. He says that he intends to with his two little sons, going hand and many-colored banners they stream
have a house soon built for public in hand to acquire that knowledge up the green hill. Forming a huge
worship. which we humbly hope will lead them open triangle, with the point towards
"Sun., 8th. Mr. Ruggles conducted to a thorough knowledge of them the great cross at the top, the living
public worship in the native language, selves as sinners. There also may be symbol hangs poised in the light of
which consisted of praying and sing seen an interesting female of no ordi the descending sun. The palms wave
ing. The attention to schools during nary size, formerly a wife of a chief, and rustle in the breeze. The white
the week was rather discouraging, but but he has forsaken her, and she says surf murmurs on the distant reef. The
few scholars are inclined to receive that she has now chosen the palapala blue Pacific heaves and spark'es far
instruction. (a general term for any kind of learn away. The light clouds drift across
ing) to be her husband. She was told the turquoise sky. Over the fair stage
"Sun.. 15th. Mr. Ruggles went to and the finished pageant sounds Hay
the house where we are accustomed to that the palapala would never forsake
her if she did not forsake that. In dn's glorious hymnv "The Heavens Are
hold public worship and found the in Telling the Glory of God."
habitants at their poi dishes. Upon the evening joined in the precious sea
son of concert and prayer for the Gos Shall I leave my story of pictures,
his entrance they inquired if it was impressions, memories and hopes in
tabu for them to eat on the Sabbath, pel's universal triumph.
Hawaii, just there? What can I add
being told that it was not. They con "May 29th. Mr. Ruggles returned,
to it that may not darken counsel by
tinued eating but a short time, when accompanied by Mr. Thurston (of words without knowledge ?
the head man said : 'Come, let us put Kailua), who, we trust, will be a great The beautiful territory in the sea is
up our calabashes, that the King's help in strengthening this feeble full of people now, gathered from
Curiosities may pray'—a title quite branch of the mission, whose aid we many lands, speaking diverse tongues.
common to the missionaries, and he greatly need. and thinking different thoughts—Ha
likewise said that had he known of "Sunday, 30th. Mr. Thurston waiians, and half-Hawaiians, Cauca
Mr. Ruggles' coming, he would have preached a feeling and animated ser sians, Filipinos, Koreans, Chinese, and
sent a man, around and taxed the peo mon on the subject of one God, in. one hundred and twenty thousand Jap
ple to come together and attend the which was shown the vanity and folly anese—as many from Japan as from
public worship. of the gods of the heathen and the any four of the other races. Problems
"March 10th. The dwellings that superior excellency of the love, service of race mixture, of education, of cap
were to have been built by Kalaimoku's and worship of the true God, the at ital and labor, of civic progress or re
order being finished, Mr. Ruggles and tention to which we think was better action, of democratic government with
family moved on the 7th. Mr. Good than at any former meeting. The num out class tyranny, must be met and
rich and family moved on the 10th. ber also was larger, yet not very nu solved.
The houses were thatched with the merous. We also hope the interests of The people of Hawaii have their
leaves of the lauhala—the leaves about the mission are gaining ground. The work cut out for them. The Govern
two inches wide, three or four feet week succeeding spent principally in ment of the United States must stand
long- -which, when well put on, make the study of the language. by them steadily. There will be show
a very good covering. Not a nail or "June 6th. Koahou, the chief that ers, storms, tempests of unrest; but I
pin is to be found in the building. The is quite friendly, went away last week think there will be no cataclysm of
whole is fastened together with string, and has not returned, in consequence destruction. The spirit which guided
which are simply vines that grow very of which many of the natives assem the missionaries will prove equal to its
abundantly in this part of the island. bled in the house of Mr. Ruggles, and new tasks. And in due time there will
"April 4, Sunday. We attended pub Mr. Thurston addressed them from be a new star, a bright tranquill all-
lic worship at the dwelling house of Isaiah 1 :16-17, to which they gave Pacific star, in the flag of the United
Koahou, the head chief of this dis good attention., after which Mr. and States of America.
July, 1924 THE FRIEND 179

understand the nature of the solemn absence, this is unknown to us. A they will do theirs." Honolii conversed
ordinance of Christian, baptism. At 2 kind Providence will order all things with him freely on various topics of
p. m. Mr. Thurston administered to us well. Maala, the next chief in author the Christian system, but he, too much
the solemn ordinance of the Lord's ity, says that it is not good for them like Gallio, cared but little for these
Supper, by which, we trust, our hands to learn until some of the high chiefs things. However, the next day—Sat
were strengthened and hearts encour come here and tell them. Through his urday—Maalo issued his orders among
aged to persevere in the good work to influence, the scholars have nearly all his subjects that they must do all their
which we are called. At 4 p. m. the quit coming to school. cooking on that day—that no fire must
attention to it by the natives was un "July 20th. As the pilot boat sails be kindled on the Sabbath—to observe
usually good. a day sooner than was expected, we the day and attend meetings.
"Sunday, 13th. Held the meeting in have only time to say that through the "October 3, Sunday. We have ob
the house built for the purpose. It not grace of God we shall endeavor to served for some time past with pleas
being finished inside, it was thought continue our labors of love, although ure that the numbers of those who
inexpedient to dedicate it. Mr. Thurs we see no immediate fruits of labors ; attend public worship have been evi
ton preached twice to larger congrega being assured of this, that the cause dently increasing. This morning the
tions than we have witnessed hereto in which we are laboring is not ours, house was crowded. Honolii addressed
fore. but God's, and we have no doubt but the throne of grace, then took for the
"Sunday, 27th. Through the kind that He in His good time will give foundation of his remarks the fourth
and assiduous attention of Mr. Thurs success to our feeble endeavors to commandment and made a very pointed
ton while present, Mr. Goodrich was make known his wonderful love to the and spirited address, well adapted to
enabled to commence preaching in the perishing souls. the occasion. In the afternoon he made
native language from Luke 2:10. Dur "Sunday, Sept. 26th. As yet but his remarks from the words of our
ing the week following we have but very few in this distant part of the Saviour, Luke 6:43. His language was
little to cheer our hearts and encour island pay any regard to the Sabbath. flowing, easy and appropriate. The at
age our hands in this glorious work ; On hearing the sound of the tapa mal tention was fixed and solemn through
our school has dwindled away to two let, Mr. Ruggles went out and found out the day.
or three, scarcely any seem to have some pounding their tapas. He asked Mr. Goodrich, with Honolii, visited
any desire to learn. The chief who them where was their good in working Olaa, where Honolii had frequent op
was our most decided friend, Koahou, upon the Sabbath. They replied that portunities of addressing his brethren
has gone about 30 miles from us to a they had forgotten the Sabbath. He on the all-important subject of the
place called Laupahoehoc ; 'tis uncer went out and found others at work on Christian religion, where they uniform
tain when he will return. Maalo, the their lands. He asked them the same ly paid good attention to the word
other chief, appears to be against question as the former. They replied spoken unto them. From Olaa they
learning at present. He says he wishes that they were not bad, for their chief made a visit to the volcano. Mr.
to wait until the highest chiefs come worked. Mr. Ruggles said : 'No, per Goodrich is of the opinion that the
here and give their approbation. Then haps, he does not work.' They replied : estimation of the circumference made
he will attend to the learning. We are 'Go and see.' Mr. Ruggles went to at the time of the Ellis tour is much
able to raise many garden vegetables the chief's house—Maalo's—and found too small and that it appears to be
here, in consequence of the plentiful all hands employed in making fish nets. nearly double the estimated distance
rains that fall almost every day. Vege Maalo asked him for what he came. of five or five and one-half miles cir
tables are comforts, of which almost He replied to tabu his working on the cumference.
all the other stations are deprived. Sabbath. 'Come,' said Maalo, 'let us "Sunday, 10th. It is pleasant, in
"July 4th, Sunday. We were pleased go to meeting.' Mr. Ruggles told them deed, to see the house of worship
to see a larger number attend public it was not time. Maalo then confessed thronged to overflowing by persons
worship today than have ever attended his fault and promised to regard the assembled to hear the word of life
before. Mr. Ruggles made some re Sabbath hereafter. A goodly number preached unto them. They were invited
marks on the nature and design of the assembled for public worship, when by Honolii to look upon the Lord
Sabbath, after which Mr. Goodrich Mr. Ruggles made an address against Jesus Christ and be saved. We hope
preached unto them from Matthew the violation of the Sabbath which we that the time is not far distant when
4:17, to which they gave good atten hope will not be lost upon them. many of their children of ignorance
tion. "Thursday, 30th. Honolii arrived will experience the saving effects of
"Sunday, July 11th. Koahou and from Kailua with some articles of the Gospel.
his company returned on Saturday, in trade for us, the brethren there having "Monday, 25th. We all walked out
consequence of which the meeting heard that ours were nearly exhausted into the garden this morning to take a
house was full to overflowing. It ren On September 1st Honolii began his view of the smoke that was ascending
dered the day quite interesting to be faithful labors here, going first to from the volcano. The smoke rose in
hold the sanctuary of the Lord Jeho Maalo. He told him it was good for a huge pillar from behind some inter
vah thronged to hear the words of him to keep the Sabbath and forbid vening high land, the appearance of
eternal life proclaimed unto them. his people working on that day. Maalo which did not differ much from a com
"July 19th. Koahou returned here said : 'Wait a little, by and by some of mon cloud. It rose to a considerable
for the purpose of going to Oahu in the high chiefs will come and give height and so continued ascending and
the pilot boat. What will be the de orders for so doing.' Honolii said: descending, presenting a grand and
position of heathen instruction in his 'No, do your part now, when they come magnificent appearance. Honolii con
180 THE FRIEND July, 1924

tinued faithful in his labors of love to Kapiolani did not arrive until Tues deep chasm in the lava. Such chasms
his poor countrymen until this evening, day noon of the 21st, having too great are numerous about the crater. Mr.
when he took leave of us to return to a regard for the Sabbath to travel on Goodrich understood that she fell down
Kailua. He returned by water in a that day. She is doubtless the most out of sight. A rope was let down, by
canoe, a distance of nearly 150 miles. zealous advocate for the spread of the which she was drawn up. She was con
"Friday, December 17th. This morn Gospel among the inhabitants of these siderably bruised by the fall.
ing we heard that Kapiolani was on islands of any of the chiefs. A little About a mile and one-half from the
past noon Mr. Goodrich saw Kapiolani crater, a place was pointed out where
her way to visit the volcano and spend
and her company coming. He went to 15 or 20 years ago vast numbers of
the Sabbath there. We thought it was meet her. They soon met, and the meet
expedient that one of us should go up the natives were destroyed by an erup
ing was truly happy. She extended her tion. They had fled thither in time of
there and spend the Sabbath. Mr. friendly hand, but was unable to speak war to conceal themselves from the
Ruggles, being destitute of shoes, it for a time ; almost the first words she enemy. The lava was projected to z
was thought advisable for Mr. Good uttered were that she was very hungry great height into the air, and fell in
rich to go; about 11 o'clock he set out for the word of God, it having been showers like hail. As it fell, it burned
and arrived at the volcano about 3 nearly three months since she left the up and destroyed houses, men and chil
p. m. Saturday. Not finding Kapio station at Kaawaloa, where she enjoyed dren, so that few escaped. Many of the
lani there, Mr. Goodrich spent the the preaching of the Gospel of peace. natives still believe that a deity exists
Sabbath with a company of her peo On arriving at the house prepared for in the volcano by the name of Pele.
ple, whom she had taught to regard her, her first request was to have Mr. Some tried to dissuade Kapiolani from
the day by resting from their labors. Goodrich select a hymn and lead in going up to the volcano. They told her
They were there building a house for prayer ; this was a pleasant and happy that Pele would kill her and eat her up
accommodation when she should ar season. The next day, December 22nd, if she went there. She replied that she
rive. Mr. Goodrich preached to the after attending family worship and would go, and that if Pele killed and
people from Matthew 4:17. Before breakfast, Mr. Goodrich, accompanied ate her up, they might continue to wor
Kapiolani's arrival at the volcano, she by Kapiolani and attendants, about 50 ship Pele; but if not, that is, if she
was met by the priestess of Pele, who in all, began to descend into the crater; returned unhurt, then they must turn
warned her not to proceed, as in case the descent, about 400 feet, is quite to the worship of the true God. Noth
she did the god would come out and steep, then for a considerable distance ing very material occurred during the
destroy her. Kapiolani demanded who is more gradual. Kapiolani and most remainder of the way, except that everv
she was that thus addressed her? The of her company descended to the ledge, place where they encamped for the
reply was, "One in whom the god which is from a few feet to a quarter night, Kapiolani's first request would be
dwells." "Then," said Kapiolani, "you of a mile wide, and extends nearly to unite in prayer, to express her grati
are wise, and can teach me ; come and around the crater, about 500 feet from tude to the Most High for his loving-
sit down." She seemed loath to obey, the top. Below the ledge is a descent kindness to her during the day. This
but Kapiolani, insisting on her compli of 300 or 400 feet, still more difficult in was in addition to her regular family
ance, she yielded. Food was offered consequence of so many chasms in the worship, morning and evening. On Fri
her, but she said she was a god and lava, which in many places is broken off day evening, after supper, before it was
did not eat. She held a piece of tapa and fallen down. Upon the brink of dark, she said to Mr. Goodrich, "Tarry
in her hand, which she said was a the ledge above mentioned, the whole here in the tent while I and my maidens
palapala from Pele. She was requested company sat down, and at Kapiolani's go and pray yonder."
to read it, but was reluctant, and when request, united in singing, and one of On the evening of the 25th they
forced to comply, she muttered over a her attendants led in prayer. After arrived at Waiakea. This is doubtless
medley of nonsense. Kapiolani then wards Mr. Goodrich, with eight or ten a circumstance unparalleled in the his
produced her spelling book and hymns, others, descended to the bottom, which tory of this nation,—that a woman
and said, "You have pretended to de appears quite smooth when viewed from weighing not far from 250 pounds
liver a message from your god, but we the top ; but it is very rugged and should travel upwards of 60 miles on
have not understood it. I will now uneven upon a near approach. Thick, foot, over beds of lava, surpassing in
read you a message which .you can sulphurous fumes were continually roughness all description. One object
understand, for I, too, have a palapala." ascending from a great many places in of her visit was to benefit this station,
She then read sentences from the the bottom of the crater. In twelve but the primary one was to extend and
spelling book and some of the hymns, different places the lava was red hot ; exert her influence in turning her poor
and spoke to the imposter concerning three of them were liquid and flowing countrymen- from their degraded state
Jehovah, the true God, who made all like water, although with not quite so to the better part that pertains to eter
things ; of Jesus Christ, the only rapid a current. nal life. Kapiolani made her home with
Saviour ; of repentance and a new heart. At about 9 o'clock Thursday morning the Goodrichs, assigning it as a reason
During the conversation, the woman they commenced their way to Waiakea. that she preferred the society, company
held down her head and was silent, and They had not proceeded far from the and conversation of the missionaries to
when Kapiolani had finished her ad crater when a loud crying was heard that of the chiefs and people about her.
dress, she said the god had left her, among the natives before them. Upon "Sunday, 26th. Cheering, indeed, to
and could make no reply. Being after coming up to them, it was found that a our feeble frames is this day of sacred
wards invited to eat, she partook with woman had fallen through the grass rest. The house of worship was
out ceremony. and rubbish that concealed a large and thronged, so that many were unable to
July, 1924 THE FRIEND 181

enter. The week following was spent that the kingdom of Christ may be knowledge ; many who have been our
very pleasantly for us. She truly ap advanced. Their prayers were all made enemies are now quite friendly. A house
peared like a young convert, like a by the natives belonging to Kapiolani's that was built near by to watch over
humble learner at the feet of Jesus. She company. Early on Tuesday morning us for evil, they have now, of their own
improved her time by persuading the Kapiolani and Hopu took an affection accord, offered it for a sacred house.
chiefs and people here to attend dili ate leave of us and commenced their "Thursday, Feb. 3rd. Mr. Chamber
gently to the instructions of the mis return to Ka-u; thence it is their design lain arrived in the pilot boat, bringing
sionaries, for they were the true friends to proceed to Kaawaloa. Towards night us supplies, which we much needed, al
of all the people, but the other white we received a note from Kapiolani, for though we had not been left to suffer.
persons, who came for the purposes of warded from the place where she had Our hearts were also cheered and feel
trading, were not their friends, and had put up, informing us that she truly sym ings animated to hear that the cause of
never told them any good things. At pathized with the people there, because truth is gaining ground and that the
pur request Kapiolani gave an account they had no one to show them the Lord is so signally smiling upon this
of the proceedings of the kings and right way. mission. Our school still increases, a
chiefs respecting the missionaries' first "Thursday, 6th. For the first time much better regard is paid to the Sab
landing upon the island. She said that the inquiry is here heard, "What must bath and the preaching of the Word
all the foreigners told them that it was we do to be saved?" Three of our of Life than heretofore. Under such
not good to have them stop here, Mr. scholars who are able to read in the cheering prospects of usefulness has the
Young excepted ; he appeared to be the hymns, entered the house of Mr. Rug new year dawned upon us and we are
instrument in the Lord's hands, of caus gles, and being seated on the mat, each now enabled to say that we feel our
ing the missionaries to stop upon the of them requesting the other in turn selves happy in the increase of our
islands. to begin the conversation. At last one labors which the Lord of missions has
"Friday, 31st. Kapiolani collected all of them made known the object of their assigned to us in this field which ap
the women that she could for the pur coming. Their first request was, "What pears so fast whitening for the harvest."
pose of a female prayer meeting and must we do to inherit eternal life?"
conference. We were informed that she They desired to know if it was good to
used her earnest endeavors to persuade pray, and how often, to pray in secret, One Sailor's Ckest
them to abandon entirely their former in their families. They said that their (From the Sailors' Magazine and reprinted
ways of sin and folly and turn to that hearts were very full of sin and wick in The Friend April, 1857.)
which was good. Towards night, edness, etc. Mr. Ruggles answered them Close hidden it stands by the polished wall.
Thomas Hopu arrived from Haawaloa. to the best of his ability in his present By fair hands draped in the entrance hall.
He is yet unwearied in his endeavors knowledge of the language. What will Soft cushioned, where curtains around it fall.
to do good in making known the won be the result of their inquiries, time The sailor's chest
ders of redeeming love to his benighted alone will determine. Once on the forecastle floor it stood,
brethren. "Friday, 7th. We have reason to A plain, rude box of painted wood,
think that Kapiolani did as much good Where its occupants crowded all they could.
"January 1, 1825. Kapiolani and
by her visit here of 10 or 12 days as The sailor's chest
Hopu. accompanied by Messrs. Good
we have done in nearly a year, for since But sacred, among the treasures there.
rich and Ruggles, went to visit some
her departure we have upwards of 90 Was the Holy Word and the Book of Prayer
of the chiefs to converse with them
scholars, so that now we have a delight And a Christian mother's lock of hair,
upon receiving instruction and regard In the sailor's chest.
ful task in instructing them in useful
ing the preaching of the word of life.
'Twas a table by day, by night a bed ;
They admitted that it was all good and A library, closet, a wardrobe's stead;
that they would attend to it hereafter. Historic Treasures Found in Boston
(Continued from page 174)
To "slops," to "traps" and "ventures" wed.
"Sunday, 2nd. This morning appears Was the sailor's chest.
more like a Sabbath in our native land of James Hunnewell, 1822' ; another is Now to the northern glaciers borne.
than any we have ever before witnessed marked 'Letters from Correspondents Now to the wastes of wild Cape Horn,
in this place. All is still, quiet and received at the islands (prior to 1830)'; Now to the sunset, now to its dawn.
.serene. The house of worship was another is marked 'From Missionaries'; Went the sailor's chest.
thronged so that it would not accom and as I glance through it I see the But whither it roamed, and whence it stayed.
modate more than half the number pres names of Richards, Bingham, Deill, Before it oft the owner prayed,
ent. Mr. Ruggles and Hopu addressed Rev. A. Bishop, Levi Chamberlain and A shrine to the living God was made.
them in the morning. In the afternoon several from Dr. Judd. Think of what The sailor's chest
Mr. Goodrich preached from the text— a find ! Then treasure it up by the homestead door,
1 John 1:7. "Of course, whatever information we 'Tis a grace and boon to the richest floor.
"Monday, 3rd. Held the monthly And guard and cherish evermore.
can obtain from Hunnewcll's letters will
conxert in the afternoon. Hopu ex That sailor's chest.
be evidence from one outside of the
plained the nature and design of this mission, although these documents seem * In the Sailors' Magazine for Decem
joyful service. Herein is Jehovah's to be largely letters written to him, and ber, 1856, is a very interesting communica
wonder-working hand made visible—not it is only occasionally that he writes out tion from Rev. Mr. Damon, seaman's chap
only do we behold the union of Chris in long-hand and keeps a copy of some lain at Honolulu, in which he mentions that
tians praying for Zion's prosperity, but more important document. the lounge in the hall of one of our benevo
even the heathen themselves uniting "Very sincerely yours, lent merchants was once his chest when a
their prayers in concert with others, GEORGE R. CARTER. sailor boy.
182 THE FRIEND July, 1924

to Christianize the natives of South them whilst living in a fair degree of

One Torch in trie Darkness Africa are the first on record. He acted comfort are surrounded by social and
By Wm. C. Allen. according to his lights. They were sanitary disadvantages that they would
"April 17, 1658. Began holding school quite as brilliant as have been those of not accept at home. Shopping is dif
for the young slaves, the chaplain be many of the white people who have suc ficult. What to do with their children
ing present charged with the duty. To ceeded him. Intoxicants, and the work —whether to grant them a really in
stimulate the slaves to attention while of so-called Christian people who fur sufficient education with native influ
at school, and to induce them to learn nish them, today are counted among ences about them or to be separated
the Christian prayers, they were prom the worst foes of Christian missionary
ised each a glass of brandy and two propaganda.
inches of tobacco, when they finished Only an outline of missionary enter
their task." prise, as I saw it in 1923, can be de
Thus wrote Johan van Riebeck, First picted in this short article. The men
Commander of the Settlement of the and women engaged in it are entitled
Cape Colony, in his diary. His efforts to our sympathy and support. Many of

M^MM^^^^SMMMM^MMMMMMMMSMMMMBSBSSMSSMBSMBSSSMMB are offered, free of all charge, the

expert advice service of our STOCK
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department makes a point of obtain
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market. This information it is glad
to place at your service, and it will
cheerfully advise you as to any invest
SYRACUSE ments you may contemplate making.

CHINA
It is the most satisfactory ware
for the home. Used with pride
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We carry in stock the Canter
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Chatam, Fusan, Somerset and
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It's a mistake to think that only builders are interested
in rust-resisting iron. By far the greater part of Armco
is rolled into sheets, sold to manufacturers, and con
verted into articles of every-day use. Look for the Advertising Signs
Armco triangle when you need any of these things— F.nameled Ware
it's a pledge, of longer life. Fence Posts
Fl times
Garbage Cans
Gasoline Tanks
Irrigation Pipe

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Silos
Stoves
Wash Tubs
Wire Fencing
0 etc., etc.
 July, 1924 THE FRIEND 183

from them for years by sending them

to England or America—is ever a deep
family problem. Small chance is there
to lay up for the proverbial "rainy A BUSINESS ELEMENT
day." Even when they go "home" for Real unbiased friendship is quite as important in business dealings as It is
a well-earned rest their friends tempt in social life. And friendly service is what the Trent Trust Company for the
past fifteen years has endeavored to give.
them, though physically and mentally And now, as heretofore, the Trent Trust Company through its Realty, its
tired, to expend their strength in ad Stock and Bond, its Trust and Insurance departments will strive to be a true
dresses and lectures on behalf of the business friend to its clients working at all times in their interests.
cause they love. Oh, you in pleasant "So to serve that we may continue to serve."
homes, surrounded by congenial friends,
do not forget the missionaries whom
_your financial support makes possible
TRENT TRUST COMPANY
LIMITED
—put down your money but do more
than this—remember them with genuine,
vital prayers, your personal sympathy
and love !
On the railway train, bound for J . A B A D I E ' S
Equatorial Africa, I met an English
missionary, a splendid put-up young French Laundry
man with a merry eye and a happy
DYEING AND CLEANING
heart. He was an ex-conscientious ob
jector to military service, who after a WORKS
furlough was proceeding to his station.
His field of labor was 120 miles distant ♦ ♦ «>
from the nearest railway and the only
way to reach it was by bicycle, on na Main Works Branch Office
tive paths a few inches wide. I remem 777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
bered that Missionary Bishop May, of Phone 1491 Phone 2919 to take pictures now that in the fu
the Anglican Church, once told me ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
how he travelled over his vast Diocese all prices.
of Northern Rhodesia in the same man Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
ner. At Cape Town on this trip we Fort Street
were entertained at the hospitable home N. S. Sachs Dry Goods Co., Ltd.
of Bishop Johnson, of the American
116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
Methodist Episcopal Church. At one
time he walked 1000 miles through
Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR
tropical Africa without seeing a mis THE STORE WITH MERCHAN
Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect
sionary. He was accompanied by his DISE OF A DEPENDABLE Embalming School of San Francisco,
secretary and porters who carried his QUALITY Cal., also of the Renouard Training
luggage. These burden-bearers seldom School for Embalmers of New York.
And a Licensed Embalmer for the
would go further than among their own Agents for State of New York; also a member
people, fearing they would be captured of the State Funeral Directors'
Butterick Patterns and Association of California.
and eaten outside their own territories. MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES
The party carried no fire-arms, and no Publications FURNISHED. CHAIRS TO RENT.
lions or wild animals disturbed them. 1374 NUUANU 8TREET.
Residence, 1374 Nuuanu.
On another trip he walked 800 miles.
I remember the Kilnerton Training
School, in the Transvaal, under the care
of the Wesleyan Church of England.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
AT HONOLULU
Of the 230 pupils about 160 are in Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $450,000
training for teaching, 12 for evangelistic
OFFICERS
work and the remainder are securing a L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
general education. The practice school President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
has 250 children. A farm school attached Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
to the institution teaches care of live United States Government Depositary
stock, field work, forestry, dairying and GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
horticulture. Principal William W. Shill Cable Transfers.
ing, remarking on the value of mission
ary effort, said : "If the church people are ACCOUNTS INVITED
faithful to their trust and take hold
184 THE FRIEND July, 1924

of educating the native all will be well. like a jolly John, we inspected some of
If they do not, God only knows what the work around Johannesburg. This Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited
will happen. The natives getting edu brother-beloved, is quite overworked in
cation without Christianity is the great his earnest employ for Christ. Schools
danger." and preaching stations, motion pictures, STOCKS AND BONDS

A typical school—this controlled by Bible classes and moral uplift are con REAL ESTATE
the Scotch Presbyterians—is at Impol- ducted among many thousands of na
tives who toil in the mines. Severe is INSURANCE
weni, in the midst of a fragrant country
side of Natal. There are 5,993 acres the battle on the part of the mission
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
belonging to the station. The sewing aries with the white man's vices, ac
and gardening classes particularly in quired so readily by the unsophisticated
terested me. This mission is the cen Kaffirs when they leave their distant
Authorized by law to act
tral plant from which 73 stations are as Trustee, Executor, Ad
conducted. Native exhorters are largely ministrator and Guardian.
depended upon. At Impolweni I met
Capital, Surplus and Un
with Amos Montyali, the Zulu pastor,
who is said to be a mighty man at win
Metropolitan Meat divided Profits Over One
ning souls to Christ. He was at the Million Dollars.
moment making benches for meeting Market
houses in distant stations. We left
Principal William Ewen, and his grac ANTONE LOUIS, Manager. I
ious wife—all married missionaries I
have met have good and gracious wives Our large shipping business is quite
— with regret. independent of our family trade.
We endeavor to keep both phases
C. Brewer
LIMITED
& Co.
The American Board represents much
of our business at top notch.
Christian effort in South Africa. With
Dr. Frederick B. Bridgman, who as of General Mercantile Commission Agents,
yore drives his much-used motor car 50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445 Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.

AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho-

nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co..
DRINK Tel. 2478. Box 861 Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paaub.au
Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation
" Cascade' * CITY MILL Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar
Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
Ginger Ale CO., LTD. tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald
win Locomotive Works.
OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President;
CONTRACTORS R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager;
Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R
Rycroft Arctic Soda Works, Ltd. Furniture to Order. Inspection Solicited
Mouldings, Blinds, Sashes and Doors.
Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer:
C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke, G. R
8ole Agents. Estimates given on Buildings. Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors
Telephone 2270 LIME and CEMENT RICE and BRAN,
HARDWARE

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 July. 1924 THE FRIEND 185

Kraals. Near Durban, through the Missionary Institute. It was founded ed natives who in ignorance and squal
courtesy of Dr. J. D. Taylor, we saw by the United Free Church of Scotland. or, multiply in discontent because of the
other work of the American Board. It is in the heart of a dense native real or fancied injustices meted upon
Uganda Mission for girls is equipped population—the little round Kraals of them and so become a menace to the
with some fine modern buildings and is the non-Christian Kaffirs are seen in all national life!
deeply religious in management and directions. Illness detained us here for Do the newly-uplifted negroes in
spirit. Upon the compound resides the several weeks but kind friends, and the Africa understand the subtleties of a
quick-witted and charming Mary K. care of Dr. Gray in charge of the ex humorous tale or an American joke? I
Edwards, now 94 years of age, who in cellent hospital with its 50 beds asso recollect the Fort Hare Native Institute,
1868 left New York for Africa in a ciated with the institution, contributed where peals of laughter greeted a funny
tiny vessel of 350 tons. It has been to our relief. The religious element of story, with a moral, to an extent that
47 years since her last visit to her course is supreme. There is a large de no American or English group could
•native country, but with winning smile gree of industrial instruction besides the excel. Do these new converts appre
and vigorous emphasis she declared, academic pursuits. Nine hours out of ciate the dignity of the Christian calling
whilst reviewing world conditions, "I about thirty hours per week are devoted and really live out the ethical teachings
am still one hundred per cent Ameri to manual training, agriculture, native of the Gospel? Whilst there are lapses,
can !" The Adams Mission, at Aman- handicraft, etc. There are good-sized and consequent discouragements at times
zimtoti, like ancient Rome, is spread buildings for the use of the 900 students, experienced by the missionaries, the
over numerous hills, and as elsewhere one each for wagon building, manual majority find in Jesus a Saviour and a
an earnest staff instructs in a variety training, carpentering, blacksmithing. guide for daily life. It has been my
of occupations, and in the things of the Another building is that of the printing happy lot as a visitor to preach Him to
Spirit. Here I met with and addressed department from whence books and responsive audiences in the mission
a large group of native pastors and literature are published. The girls have stations. To these groups He is very
white leaders, from over South Africa, domestic science ; the brickmaking is precious and the grand old story of
who were gathered in conference on be taught out of doors. Think of the op His love and mercifulness is to them
half of the Kingdom. These black portunities granted these young black new, but very real.
brethren in Christ were a fine-looking people, and the stabilizing effect upon There are, besides the English and
and spiritually-seeking band. the political life of the country from American organizations, Swiss, German,
Probably the best known institution Christianizing them, in comparison with Dutch Reformed and other missions, in
of its kind in Africa is the Lovedale the lot of the half-naked or red-blanket the southern part of South Africa,

-i

ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, LTD.

SUGAR FACTORS
COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND
INSURANCE AGENTS
AGENTS FOR:
Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company
Maui Agricultural Company, Ltd. American Central Insurance Company
Hawaiian Sugar Company The Home Insurance Company, New York
McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd.
Kahuku Plantation Company New Zealand Insurance Company
Kauai Fruit and Land Company, Ltd. American Alliance Insurance Association
Kahului Railroad Company Switzerland Marine Insurance Company, Ltd.
Kauai Railway Company, Ltd. Commonwealth Insurance Co., New York
Baldwin Packers, Ltd. Globe Indemnity Co., N. Y.

OFFICES:
119 MERCHANT STREET HONOLULU, T. H.
MEHLHORN BUILDING SEATTLE. WASH.
215 MARKET STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

71
186 THE FRIEND July, 1924

which we were unable to inspect. In iiiBiiniBiiimi

contrast with them are the millions of
The B. F. Dillingham Co.,
"raw natives," missionless and oftimes
spiritually hopeless, entitled to our sym
pathy and help.
Do the dusky-skinned but spiritually
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 THE FRIEND
,i
In This Issue
[

!,
A Christian Conference of the
Pacific Area

The Significance of the Food Conservation

Conference

ii
Hawaii's National Leadership

Scouting and the Church

The Immigration Bill and the Christian

'i Movement in Japan

i
"Hlie Pacific is destined to be tke Scene of Great
i
Deeds—Not Deeds of Blood"—David Starr Jordan
i

HONOLULU AUGUST, 1924 HAWAII

190 THE FRIEND August, 1924

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU. HAWAII. AUGUST, 1924. No. 8

A Christian Conference of me Pacific Area*

Honolulu, HavJaii, July 1-15, 1925
Historic Background. be understood, but the goal of all our
Until very modern times the Pacific discussion is wisdom for the future. If
Ocean has been an almost insurmount
To consider the contacts and it does not lead in that direction, it is
able barrier to the intercourse of the conflicts of the Pacific Area and futile. Briefly then, the scope of the
peoples which it separates. In recent Conference is the elucidation and dis
to develop understanding and co cussion of the international and inter
years this condition has been changed.
The Pacific is no longer one of the operation racial relations of Pacific peoples with
world's great barriers : it is a highway a view to appreciative understanding
of travel and commerce, and the cable toward other people ; to discuss these leading to wise and right action in the
and wireless unite us by almost in conditions, opinions and feelings, that future.
stantaneous communication. We shall their relations may be clearly appre Auspices.
be even more closely joined in future hended ; and to point the way to right The Conference will be held under
years. actions which will lead to understand the auspices of the Young Men's Chris
The ancient prejudicies and hatreds ing and peace in the Pacific. tian Association, since this organization
which have become historic on the con is international and is adapted to the
Spirit
tinents of the old world are unknown promotion of such an enterprise of wide
across the Pacific. We have an al The Conference will discuss the mat
ly Christian purposes. The Conference
most clean sheet on which to write a ters which come before it with entire
is organized and called by a committee
page of the world's history. frankness. No other attitude will en
appointed by the National Councils of
able its members to get one another's
The Present Situation. the Young Men's Christian Associa
point of view. On the other hand, it
The glamour which surrounded the tions of Australia, Canada, China, Ja
is not a place merely to air grievances
c< »untries which viewed one another pan, Korea, New Zealand, the Philip
or dwell on the errors of others. What pine Islands and the LTnited States.
across the Pacific has disappeared. We is required is a frank recognition of
are in a period of disillusionment and the conditions under which we find our The members of the Central Com
readjustment of our ideas of one an selves, with enough study of the causes mittee are:
other. Each of us seems to be irritably to make the present situation clear, and Edwin G. Baker. Canada ; Harry r$al-
aware of the shortcomings of the other then to consider how best to remedy lantyne, Canada ; F. S. Brockman, Unit
nations and races. Racial antipathies present errors and misunderstandings ed States ; Judge Manuel Camus, Philip
are arising. Selfishness is found where and to develop better relations in the pines ; S. C. Chu, China ; Hugh Cynn,
generosity was expected. Little disin future. Jesus has given certain ideals Korea; II. W. Kersley, New Zealand;
terested effort is being made toward of conduct. How do these ideals apply Dr. John Y. Lee. China; C. M. Luke,
genuine understanding and directing to the relations of the Pacific peoples New Zealand ; Win. Nash, Korea ; G.
those deep-seated feelings which deter in this complicated modern world? The S. Phelps, Japan ; Dr. G. A. Johnston
mine the actions of nations toward goals atmosphere of the Conference should Ross, United States; S. Saito, Japan;
of mutual sympathy and cooperation. be that of enquiry, of humility, of the James M. Speers, United States; T.
More and more the conduct of nations desire to learn, and the search for the Thomas, Australia ; F. D. Trainor, Aus
toward one another is being determined wise and just way for the future. tralia ; F. S. Turner, Philippines ; A.
by the opinions and sentiments of all Yarney. New Zealand ; I Ion. T. R.
Scope
the people instead of the few in power. Yangco, Philippines : Dr. David Yui,
It is the time when we need to know The Conference is inter-Pacific. It China; Baron T. II. Yun, Korea;
accurately, to think clearly, and to will will be limited to matters which vitally
Hawaii as a laboratory of racial re
rightly. concern the Pacific peoples, which are lations, central in location, is a fitting
international in bearing, and relate to
Objective of the Conference. place for the Conference.
the mutual understanding of the several
It is the purpose of this Conference peoples and their feelings and conduct Membership of the Conference.
to bring together accurate information toward one another. Thorough exposi The Conference will be limited to
on those conditions in the several coun tion of present conditions in the sev about one hundred members. The
tries which mold opinion and feeling eral fields of discussion is essential. Young Women's Christian Association
Statement issued by the local committee. The causes of present conflicts must will be invited to appoint twenty women
 August, 1924
192 THE FRIEND
members. Invitations to membership
will be issued by the Central Commit Hl\e Immigration Bill and me Christian
tee. The members will be men known
to be in thorough sympathy with the Movement in Japan
spirit and purposes of the Conference
regardless of religious affiliation. To T7ARIOUS stories of Japan's be- The Christians in Japan, with few
be successful, this Conference must have exceptions, have taken an attitude
wilderment and indignation at the
as members leaders of thought in the worthy of the finest traditions of the
passage of the Immigration Bill in Kingdom of God. It has been a period
various countries who can make real
contributions to the solution of the America have come officially and un of strain for them. Unusual pressure
problems which the Conference will officially from Japan. was brought to bear upon them by
study. The privilege of attendance at The Japan Evangelist states the newspapers and by some Christian lead
specified meetings of the Conference case plainly with regard to reactionary ers to sever all connections with Amer
will be extended to a limited number measures such as an American boycott ican mission boards and to stand en
of guests. and discusses at some length the imme tirely upon their own feet. Complete
Organization. diate effect upon missionary work. self-support and independence have al
In addition to its general organiza This phase of the situation while nat ways been cherished ideals of the Ja
tion, the Conference will be organized panese church. It did not seem entirely
urally alarming in some of its aspects,
in five sections for group discussion, an empty dream that the high tide of
seems to point hopeful signs. indignation against America might carry
dealing with matters which are pre "For," says the Evangelist, "the the church to this goal. Saner leader
dominately Economic, Educational, Po
Christians in Japan, with few excep ship prevailed, however. It was speed
litical. Religious and Social, respective
ly. There will be general meetings for tions, have taken an attitude worthy of ily pointed out that independence, how
the consideration by the whole confer the finest traditions of the Kingdom of ever desirable in itself, was out of har
ence of topics referred to it from the God," and "in many instances Japan mony with the highest Christian prin
several sections, and to hear reports of ese Christians and missionaries have ciples if nurtured in an anti-American
their work. There will be public meet been drawn more closely together." atmosphere. The executive committee
ings to listen to addresses. The most im The editorial is worthy of consider of the National Christian Council met
portant work of the Conference, how on June 17th and adopted a noteworthy
ation. resolution. It is an expression of true
ever, will center in the round table
discussions of the sections. Each sec brotherhood in which Japanese Chris
The Evangelist is not a political mag
tion will have a chairman and a secre tians and missionaries pledge their mu
azine. It confines itself to a discussion
tary. The Conference will have a chair tual cooperation in the fight against
of religious problems in Japan. Occa
man, a secretary and an executive com racial and national discrimination.
sionally however matters political react
mittee consisting of the chairman, the with great force upon the Christian One phase of the independence move
secretary, the section chairman and four situation. The Immigration Bill passed ment was the retirement of the mission
members elected by the Conference at by the American Congress is a case in ary from the Japan field. It may be
its first meeting. well in this connection to state again
point.
A movement to boycott American the position of the great majority of
It will be of interest to missionary goods was started, but the most violent missionaries in Japan. We do not fee
Cousins to note that three members of comeback of this discriminatory measure that we are here to dominate, to dictate
one family, namely the Waterhouse fam has been against Christianity in general policy or even necessarily to adminis
ily, are leaders of the Y. M. C. A. and the American missionary in par ter funds. We do not think that we
throughout the Territory : ticular. This in spite of the fact that can preach better than our Japanese
Dr. A. II. Waterhouse, chairman of Christians in America have been among colleagues. In fact most of us are
the Kauai County Committee. the most outspoken opponents of the ready to vote the palm to them in this
G. S. Waterhouse. president of the Bill. The Federation of Churches in line. We do not believe that we have
Honolulu Y. M. C. A. America through Dr. S. L. Gulick has a better brand of Christianity than they.
John Waterhouse, chairman of the taken a noteworthy position on the We are in Japan at the present day
Committee of Management of the Army whole problem protesting against any simply to help, to cooperate with our
and Xavv Association. discrimination. Dr. Gulick and mis Japanese brethren in a task which tiny
sionaries Taylor. Bowles and Schneder largely, because of a lack of men an',
appeared before the Congressional Com means, cannot adequately swing. Anil
A remarkable commentary upon the
interest in Christianity on the part of mittee and stated the case of Japan the real reason for our continued stay
Far Eastern nations is the fact that before that body. Mission Boards and in Japan is not found in the fact that
China and Japan are actually ahead of numerous other Christian organizations we are under appointment by a cer
the United States in the circulation of and individuals joined in the wide tain Board in the West, but in the fact
the Scriptures. The total circulation of spread opposition. If in spite of this that the many open doors of oppor
the Bible in 1923 by the American protest. Congress enacted the objec tunity convince us that a great num
Bible Society in those Eastern coun tionable measure, surely no charge of ber of Japanese people still appreciate
tries was 2.8n8.605. as against 2.3<>5.000 indifference can be proved against the our service. We are fully convinced
in the United States. Christians of America. that the day is rapidly approachirc
 August, 1924 THE FRIEND 193

perhaps more rapidly than we realize, forget the kindness of our Japanese tific knowledge on racial questions have
when the church in Japan will he ahle brethren in these days of stress. In the created prejudices which only many
to carry the burden alone. If at any mutual expression of sympathy and years of education and religious train
time the church in this country after good-will, national and racial differences ing can eradicate. We have great hopes
careful study of the problem shall say have dropped out of sight. in such a Survey of Race Relations
that in its opinion that day has come, What of the future? It has been which has been undertaken on the West
we shall gladly accept the verdict and highly gratifying to note the almost coast of America. Mr. J. Merle Davis,
rejoice with our Japanese brethren in entire absence of war talk. War which formerly on the staff of the Tokyo
the triumph of the Kingdom of God. always engenders bitterness can offer Y. M. C. A., is the administrative
But it would have been exceedingly no satisfactory solution to this prob secretary of the Survey. The findings
unfortunate if the plans of the more lem. Diplomacy may, and undoubtedly of this Survey ought to be of inesti
radical leaders had prevailed. The re will, remove the sting from the present mable service in a correct valuation of
tirement of the missionary at this time Bill, but the real problem of interna the present situation.
under the stress of excitement and pas tional good-will will still remain. To We cannot close this editorial with
sion would have alienated countless peo educational and religious leaders be out a word of appreciation of the great
ple in the West whose sympathies have longs the task of the ultimate solution. service rendered by the National Chris
been with Japan. It is of interest to The World War and the present epi tian Council at this crisis. It seems
note that many of the leaders favoring sode have forcibly reminded us how to us that the Council was born for
a complete break at this time were the negligible the progress towards a real just such a time as this. When the
older men, the men who came through international brotherhood has been. Cen tension among Christians was at its
the strenuous days of the nineties, while turies of pernicious and narrow na height, it was the executive committee
the younger men almost without ex tional training and education have of the Council which met and after five
ception stood for the broader principles erected barriers in which even the kind hours of discussion finally adopted a res
of the Kingdom. ly and neighborly spirit of Jesus has olution. In this resolution the Christian
It is impossible to measure the effect been unable to effect a wide breach. Churches in Japan have taken a stand
of the Bill upon Christian work in Ja Misunderstanding and often misrepre for international good-will and brother
pan. The forces that have always been sentation and moreover lack of scien hood.
opposed to Christianity are enjoying a
season of triumph and according to
reports they are making the most of
the situation. Much valuable ground
Dr. Jordan on War
has been lost. In the days succeed
CINCE the Friend's interview with "Universal peace," said Dr. Jordan,
ing the great disaster of September 1st,
Dr. Jordan, announcement has "is the only condition under which civi
the church in Japan was face to face
been made that he has tentatively lization can go on. Before the days of
with a wonderful opportunity. Certain gunpowder men did not kill in warfare,
ly never in recent years at least was agreed to become the first head of
but siezed for ransom. To wipe out a
the attitude of the people towards Chris the Pan- Pacific Research Institute city is a mere incident in modern war
tianity so cordial. Tt seemed to some with headquarters in Honolulu. fare and is tremendously costly." Ac
of us that we might have confidently If the proposed plans carry, Dr. cording to Dr. Jordan, it cost the
expected a great revival in Japan. There Jordan, with his family, will reside at United States $80,000 for every German
is no doubt that many doors of op Castle Home, the new headquarters killed in the last war.
portunity have been closed, many bar of the Pan-Pacific Union and will Dr. Jordan was in Europe in 1913-14
riers of prejudice re-erected because of bear the title of Honorary President studying the immediate causes of the
the entirely unnecessary and un-Chris- of the Pan-Pacific Research Institute. impending disaster. The men in Amer
tian clause in the Immigration Bill. ica who wanted war, he says, were out
He will aid in selecting and securing
We share the optimistic view of our side the army, while in Germany the
the director-in-chief and staff and will
correspondents who have expressed their war spirit was within the army. Amer
opinions on this question, but it would be also aid in electing the scientists who
ica coming in and Bulgaria pulling out
useless to deny that much of the ground might be invited to visit the institute
brought about the end of the war. Had
gained after years of laborious effort and pursue their particular research
it not been for these influences it might
must be rewon. There have also been work there. have gone on indefinitely until one side
some gains, however. The Christians was starved out or it was stopped as
in Japan have been severely tested. TALK with David Starr Jordan on a drawn game. The latter, he thinks,
They have been under fire. Most of any subject of world import, and is the only safe way to stop war.
them have stood the test exceedingly you will inevitably know his attitude "The war resulted in moral and phy
well. In many instances Japanese toward war. Interview him on the sub sical demoralization," Dr. Jordan con
Christians and missionaries have been ject of peace and you will be convinced tinued. "There is ten times as much
drawn more closely together. Many that here is no ordinary pacificist, but crime in Europe and twice as much
of the Christians have gone out of their a great educator who believes that the in America since the war than before.
way to express their regard for their co development of intelligence and the The United States went into the war
workers from across the seas. ' Some of spread of education can alone accom expecting nothing and got a great deal
us missionaries will never be able to plish the abolition of war. less than nothing."
194 THE FRIEND August. 1924

Is the general public changing in its admirable purpose," he said, "of better spiritual awakening of the people of
attitude toward war ? Dr. Jordan was acquaintance and of putting Hawaii on Hawaii. This day has been set for
asked. the map. Hawaii is the only place September 21st. On this date Christ
"Most people have no opinions ex where meetings of people around the ian people of all races will unite in
cept what they have inherited or hear Pacific could well be held. prayer for the purpose mentioned.
other people express. If our party is "The Pacific is destined to be the
for the League of Nations we are for scene of great deeds—not deeds of
it. The majority of people do not use blood." A Da)) of Prater—Sept. 21
their brains and have no convictions. Asked to prophesy. Dr. Jordan smiled
On the surface there are not so many and quoted Voltaire, "Never fortell the
people defending war as formerly ; on All men are praying. The Moham
future—there never has been any." medan, the Buddhist, the Christian, and
the other hand the majority could
easily be swayed to one side or the the non-Christian, too. For "prayer."
other. says Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, '"is
"It cannot come suddenly," he con ^The Committee of Fifteen dominant desire."
tinued. "People have got to realize A man may never pray to God, but
that war is murder and as vicious, un THE Hawaiian Evangelical Asso he prays fervently and often. In fact
necessary and abnormal as the murder ciation held its Annual Meeting the mechanics of prayer is part of our
of the Franks boy in Chicago. in Hilo, from July 2-10. One of the equipment as human beings and we
startling things brought out in the use it all the time. There is no need to
"By national boundaries and customs
conference was the fact that the 108 shrink from the idea of praying. We
we are separated but after all we are
the same general kind of people churches reported a loss of 89 persons are all doing it.
swayed by emotions when imperfectly for the past year. The delegates were The trouble about our praying i-
informed. moved to unite in an effort to strength that it does not have the right desire.
en the work of winning men and women One of the terrifying things is that our
"War has done its best to cover itself
to the Christian way of living and a prayers may be answered. Whit
with tinsel and ribbons and flags. Those
Committee of Fifteen persons was ap mountains we would call to cover us if
who have made the camouflage possi
pointed to direct the efforts of our some of the dominant desires were
ble have got to change in their feeling
churches along the lines of evangelism. really sent to the world and publicly
of glorified duty to that of utter dis
gust. A full realization of the horrors This committee hopes to have the earn accredited to us.
and futility of war will come through est cooperation of every church in an The churches of Hawaii are eager k<
the development of intelligence and the effort to add at least 1200 new mem help the people of all races direct their
spread of education. bers to the churches before July 1, dominant desires toward something
"The United States government 1925. that our world needs, and the call "i
might make an important move by es The Association recommends the prayer for September 21st, 1924, is a
tablishing a Department of Peace in adoption of a Day of Prayer for the real challenge to Christian people.
some way pledged for peace. More
money is now spent on the army and
navy than for all our schools. Yet
in education lies the hope of the fu
A Resolution
ture."
Dr. Jordan commends the army and rTIHE Interchurch Federation of Honolulu is opposed to the observance of Mobiliza-
navy for such scientific work as should -■- tion Day as planned by the War Department to take place on September I 2th, 1 924.
be part of its regular peace-time busi
ness. Finding the depth of the sea Our country is not faced with the necessity of a war defense, hence there is no
without sounding and locating rocks at immediate need for the Defense Test.
the bottom of the sea by means of The American people believe peace is better than war for every reason, but this
water glasses were scientific discover proposed Mobilization Day is a step toward militarization and would be provocative ot
ies made during the war. but the navy fear and suspicion beyond the seas.
should be doing such things all the The contemplated maneuver, including as it does "gatherings by citizens ot
time, he thinks. every community during which everyone will learn his place and portion in the defense of
"What William Floyd Garrison said the country"; the testing of industries as to their instant ability for the production o:
about war in 1855 exactly expresses my war materials, is contrary to the traditions, inclinations and ideals of the American people
sentiments today," said Dr. Jordan, "I
The American churches have pledged their energies "to the outlawing of war and
would not trust the war spirit anywhere
the hastening of the day when nations shall learn war no more." The spirit of the
in the L'niverse of God."
Gospel of Christ is opposed to the war idea. As Christians and loyal citizens, we
Referring to the Conference which
protest against any undertaking in times of peace which presents our nation before the
had brought him here. Dr. Jordan ex
world as an armed and militant republic.
pressed admiration for Alexander Hume
Ford, whom he characterized as a man * Passed unanimously at a meeting of the Inter-Church Federation Council.
of tremendous energy. "Such Pacific August 21, 1!)24. The Resolution was forwarded to President Coolidge, Secretary of
Conferences as he is sponsoring serve the War Weeks, the Portland Council of Churches and the Federal Council of Churches
August, 1924 THE FRIEND 195

The Significance of trie Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference

By Prof. F. G. Krauss, Uni^ersitj) of Hawaii

N TO fiat of government nor resolutions mended that a committee of men well the movement of live stock and live
* ' of conferences can of themselves versed in international law be appoint stock products in some countries, great
ensure good government or mutual good ed to form a Pan-Pacific Bar Associa ly interfere with the freedom of com
will and cooperation among nations, tion which shall advise the Union as to merce in these commodities ;
means of securing uniform quarantine "That this conference suggest to the
nor ensure the utmost conservation of
and conservation regulations in the Pa several governments concerned that
our priceless natural resources, nor yet
cific area. The use of a uniform sys quarantine regulations relating to live
bring about the fullest utilization of the
tem of weights and measures, the metric stock be established in all Pacific coun
products of industry. And while laws
system, was urged for universal adop tries, and that a joint commission be
and agreements may not prevent ill-will
tion. Likewise, that the proceedings of appointed to promote uniformity in the
and waste in the larger things of life scientific bodies having a common in
any more than they can prevent the quarantine regulations of the countries
terest be published in the English of the Pacific region.
waste or improper use of the soil,
language.
such resolutions as were passed by "That the First Pan-Pacific Food
"That in view of the great need for Conservation Conference in considera
the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Con
a comprehensive abstract service cover
ference held in Honolulu July 31 to tion of the importance of furthering
ing all branches of biological science,
August 14. 1924. are certain to be of rice production and improvement in the
greater material value, perhaps even this conference commends the efforts
countries about the Pacific, not alone
more far-reaching in their effect than of the Union of Biological Societies to
for the benefits to the countries im
we can at present comprehend. Cer secure the cooperation of different or
mediately concerned, but in considera
tain it is that not the least important ganizations devoted to such work, and
tion of the food supply of the whole
are the new friendships that have been expresses the hope that the services
world, recommends that delegates to
formed and the better understanding hitherto rendered by the International
the Science Congress to be held in
that has been engendered by this unique Catalogue including the Zoological Rec
ord may be continued and expanded to Japan in 1926, come prepared with data
gathering of capable men and women on or surveys of the rice problems of
from many diverse countries. Such meet modern requirements. This con
ference strongly urges that adequate their respective countries, these data to
good fellowship as we have observed refer to
an every hand throughout the confer- funds should be provided to put this
service on a secure and permanent ( 1 ) The areas at present devoted to
snce just closed speaks well for future rice growing and the amount of rice
understandings. In formal and informal basis.
produced ;
discussions, everywhere, each delegate "That the First Pan- Pacific Food (2) The relation between production
seemed to vie with his fellows in. giv Conservation Conference recommends and consumption in each country ;
ing and taking of the best that each to the various governments of the (3) The probable future demands for
had to offer. Slowly but surely we are countries bordering the Pacific that rice ; and
beginning to learn the simple lesson there be prepared and sent to the or (4) The possibilities of and best
that he who gives freely receives much ganizers of the Pan-Pacific Science methods for increasing production to
in return. Evidently, in fact as well Congress to be held in Japan in 1926, meet increasing needs.
is in theory, the Pan-Pacific Union is a comprehensive list of the individuals, "That this conference, to meet these
:arrying out the spirit of its funda institutions, and agencies engaged in emergencies and needs, recommends
mental objects, not only in the confer research, extension work, or advanced and approves the appointment of an In
ences held in the past, but in the one educational work pertaining to useful ternational Crop Protection Committee
just closed. The crowning glory of its products of the sea and of the soil, or or Board to promote and coordinate the
tvorthy and inspiring founder, Alex- those branches of science related there investigations of such crop enemies and
uider Hume Ford has been achieved to (such as: ichthyology, marine bi related subjects throughout the Pacific
it this gathering. ology, oceanography, economic ento region, and when necessary in other
A very creditable beginning has been mology, plant pathology, agronomy, regions such as the West Indies which
made at the Conference towards closer animal husbandry, genetics, agricultural have close commercial relations with
:ooperation in the conservation of the geography, meteorology, agricultural Pacific countries; and that, on recom
food resources of the countries border- chemistry and agricultural bacteri mendation of the Crop Protection Sec
ng the Pacific. Carefully thought out ology ; and that this list be supple tion of the Conference, the following
'esolutions have been drawn favoring mented by a brief resume of investiga provisional committee be designated to
:he periodical getting together of the tions in the aforesaid branches which organize such work and provide for its
governments of Pacific lands and be have been completed, are now in prog support by the countries concerned and
fore such scientific and other organiza ress or are contemplated. for the selection of the said Inter
tions as may be able to assist in getting "That the lack of uniformity in the national Crop Protection Committee, on
such resolutions for mutual benefits quarantine regulations of the countries nominations of one or more members
Into effect. Among many other far- of the Pacific region, and the lack of for each country to be made by the
reaching understandings it was recom any quarantine regulations regarding proper agencies of such countries."
 THE FRIEND August, 192 "
196
Lastly, and who can tell of what great Conservation Conference will give a ninety-eight from continental Unite
consequence this will become, is the slight idea of the ideals and aspirations States, fifty-five from other Pacifi
newly planned Research Institute of the of this new world force which has had countries, and two from the West In
Pan-Pacific Union which is to find its its birth in the Mid-Pacific where worth dies. Indo-China, Java. Australia an
home at the beautiful and valuable while history has been in the making New South Wales, China and Japan ar
estate known as the Castle Home in for many decades and which will con among those representing fourtea
Manoa Valley, the prospective gift of tinue a vantage ground for the solution countries. May they come in increas
of more of our world problems. ing numbers and from even greatei
the Castle Estate.
These few of the many considerations From Prof. Harold S. Palmer, Secre distances in the years to come and 01
entered into by the Pan-Pacific Food tary of the Conference, we learn that similar missions.

Scouting and {he Churck

By Si W. Robley", Boy Scout Executive of the Honolulu Local Council

IT is related of the French painter, ery-day activities program of boys. The

Girard, that, when a youth and in control of the leadership of the trcxp
poor circumstances, he was the bearer is in the hands of the church. The
of a letter of introduction to Lanjuinais, church selects its own troop committee
a member of the Council of the First which in turn selects its own scoutmas
Napoleon. The young artist was shab ter. It is the desire of the Seoul
bily dressed, and his reception was Movement that the churches shall seleci
frigid in the extreme. Lanjunais, how as scoutmasters men of deep religious
ever, in the course of the conversation character, who will in their lives and ia
that ensued, was so much pleased with their scoutcraft reveal and demonstrate
the intelligence and amiability displayed the great principles of life based upon
by the young man, that at the termina
a firm faith in God and love towards
tion of the interview, he courteously ac
men. Scouting should ever strengthen
companied him to the door of the ante
never weaken a boy's faith in Go-i.
chamber.
Girard, contrasting the manner of his Scouting should energize, never ener
cordial dismissal with that of his cool vate the respect of the boy for the
reception, could not avoid an expression church. The secularity of the age de
of surprise. "My young friend," said mands a greater spirituality. Scouting
Lanjuinais, anticipating the question, has deliberately promoted the church
"we receive an unknown person accord as a center of the troop because of its
ing to his DRESS—we take leave of will not subscribe to these two funda profound respect for church leadership.
him according to his 'MERITS.' " mental propositions. He must believe We sincerely trust that every minis
The above illustrates aptly the his iti God and be an American citizen. ter and church worker in Hawaii may
tory of the Boy Scout Movement in Love to God and love to others—as evi read and consider the above and, in
the United States and in England. Less denced in the daily good turn—con doing so, they will perhaps understand
than fifteen years ago, the Boy Scouts stitute a basic platform upon which it why 80 per cent of all the Boy Scout
of America came into existence and to is possible to unite all faiths and the troops in America are tied up directly
day this great, uniformed, character- entire community. Beyond this the with the churches of our Nation. And
building movement numbers more than community divides itself. Scouting is by tied up, we mean having leadership
our Army and Navy combined. the first program which has been ap furnished by the pastor or key men <>t
There is, nevertheless, so much about proved by the three great religious com the church. Here in Hawaii there have
this world-wide movement that we do munions/ IN ITS RELIGIOUS BA been but two denomination thus far
not know that it might be well SIS, SCOUTING IS TYPICALLY which have given the Boy Scout Move
at this time to call attention to AMERICAN. IT STANDS FOR RE ment a fair and an impartial trial, the-e
a few salient facts concerning it. We LIGIOUS TOLERATION AND FOR two being the Roman Catholic church
quote the following from the 1924 THE PRINCIPLE THAT A BOY and the Latter Day Saints church. In
March number of the Executive: "The SHOULD BE GIVEN THE OPPOR every other instance where scout troop;
Boy Scout Movement is committed to TUNITY TO GROW IN THE have been started by our different local
the proposition that a boy cannot be FAITH OF UTS FATHERS. The churches they have sought outside of
fully developed into the highest char Scout Movement believes that the church their own church membership for scou!
acter without religious training. The is the agency that is skilled in religious leadership and, as well may be surmised,
Scout oath is built upon the dual founda instruction. it was but a matter of time before the
tion of love to God and love to coun The churches need no help in this camouflaged imitation blew up with 3
try. No officer is commissioned who regard. They do desire help in the ev- resounding bang-.
 uigust, 1924 THE FRIEND 197

Again we quote from the Scout Exe- can, has been, and will continue to be, religious element. It stresses the im
utive of March, 1924, and this time adopted by organizations, religious and portance of religion, and insists
;. rom Mr. Ray O. Wyland, Director, otherwise, for the reason that its pro that every Scout shall have his religious
)ivision of Church Relations. Mr. gram has produced WORLD-WIDE life cared for.
\'viand, is an absolute authority on this RESULTS OF A MOST DEFINITE The boy of the future will develop
ubject. He outlines six reasons why CHARACTER - BUILDING INFLU according to what you and I do in the
'hurch troops have in a few iso- ENCE. The leaders of the Scout Move way of directing his comings and goings.
ated instances failed to function to ment appreciate the contribution of the To the boy, it may be any one or all of
he satisfaction of the Church leaders, Church to the moral and spiritual values the many Scout activities in which he
md, in view of the fact that Mr. Wy- of our civilization. The Church is the likes to engage. From the 142,000 men
and has never had the opportunity of fundamental institution in the group life who give volunteer effort to serve boys
dsiting Hawaii as yet, the fact remains of the nation. It contributes to and through Scouting, is the permanent
hat his analysis is just one hundred conserves those imperishable values value the boy derives from the Scout
)er cent perfect as far as we here in which lie back of all other values in program. This is not primarily a physi
he mid-Pacific are concerned : life. The Church carries on in the life cal benefit. The Child Welfare Maga
1. Imported scoutmasters who have of the individual from the cradle to zine, August issue, 1923, page 490,
no relations to the inside church pro the grave. The Scout Program was states, "Eighty-two per cent of the
gram. designed to cover only a limited period children of America are born with a
2. Inactive pastor and troop commit in the life of the growing boy. Cer chance to be vigorous men and women.
tee who permit the imported scoutmas tainly it is a very important and per Only 17 per cent grow up without a
ter to carry on as he pleases even plexing period. But to be of perma handicap. The 65 per cent are cheated
though in conflict with the church nent value to the boy, Scouting must by life." Scouting teaches personal
school program of religious education. bring him into a vital working relation health and hygiene and public health
3. Starting off with a large group with the institution which expresses and and takes the boys into the great out-of-
of boys which no one could control. keeps alive our highest ideals of social doors, where they may enjoy the things
The undisciplined mob soon degenerates responsibility and our genuine appre God meant that boys should have for
into a worse mob and breaks up the ciation of spiritual values. their physical development. Personal
furnishings. (Caution—begin with eight Scouting aims, therefore, to help the health and public health values in Scout
to ten boys, train thoroughly, expand Church. It seeks to be an instrument ing are worth while—but they are not
slowly.) of power in the hands of the Church ; the biggest values.
4. Appropriating the troop meeting to grip the boy and hold his interest in The biggest thing in Scouting is the
room. During anniversary week, the the Church program; and to so develop personal contact between the man of
National President of the Boy Scouts his expressional activity as to enable good character and the impressionable
of America set out to visit eight or ten the Church to accomplish its purpose boy. The greatest need of the Ameri
troops. He found more than half of in the moral, spiritual and social de can youth is for wise adult counsel
the troops deprived of their meeting velopment of the boy. Scouting DOES and leadership. If the boys of America
places by older groups in the churches. NOT BUILD BOYS' CLUBS, AND can know the good men and be inti
5. Neglect of the outdoor program. SET UP A MONUMENT OF BRICK mately associated with the best men of
6. Failure to tie up the troop "good AND MORTAR ON THE STREET the nation, our flag will stay in the sky,
turn" to the church program of service CORNER, AND THEREAFTER OR and our country on the map of the
in the community. GANIZE THE BOYS AWAY FROM world, and America will continue to be
The real marvel of it all is that THE CHURCH TO THE CLUB a power for righteousness in the world.
scouting in its fundamental idea and HOUSE. The Scout Program is ad Where are these good men to be found?
principles possessed so much vitality that ministered in the Church buildings. It They are for the most part in the
it actually lived and grew EVEN IN is administered by the local church offi churches. That is why the churches
CHURCHES WHERE THE PAS cials. It organizes boys in the Church. are the best homes for Scout troops.
TOR RELUCTANTLY ENDURED The troops organized in church in That is why the majority of Scout
RATHER THAN HEARTILY IN creased from 45 per cent of the total troops and the great majority (ninety
DORSED IT. Now, then, such being number of troops in America in 1919, per cent) of Scout leadership may be
the case, what may we reasonably expect to 52 per cent in 1921, and 53 per cent traced directly to the churches.
when we set up our program on a basis in 1922. It is designed that every Scout May it here be said that Scouting
that will bring church leaders knocking in a church troops shall regard his has sought the churches, has cultivated
at the door of scouting and asking the Scout program as a service and privi the churches in the several denomina
Scout Commissioner or Executive to lege coming to him from his Church, tions for years past, and has knocked
show them the way? May we never as well as through it—a service for at the door of the inter-denominational
forget that the way to be shown is only which he owes a debt of loyalty to the Sunday School associations, and is still
one way and never varies, it is the Church. seeking an invitation to come in and co
orthodox, dyed-in-the-wool, scout way Scouting does not teach religion in operate in a church-centered program
that has been weighed in the balance the handbook. It could not teach all of Scouting and religious education.
and has not been found wanting. of the creeds, nor one of them, to the The creation of a Division of Church
What is Scouting? Is it an organiza satisfaction of any religious group. But Relations in the National office is a
tion? Scouting is a movement that the Scout program is not without the (Continued on page 205)
198 THE FRIEND August, 192-

now reached its fiftieth number, is til-

T^o New Workers for Kauai real register of the islands and now
makes an indispensable record of Ha
ON Saturday. May 17th, the Rev. of the Reformed Church of America. waiian history, traditions and social an .
Edward Hill Osborn and family After spending his boyhood days in political affairs."
arrived in these Islands on the Cala- Newark, New Jersey, he had his edu All honor to Mr. Thrum ! Fitting in
waii en route to their new home at cation at the Newark High School, deed that in his eighty-second year he.
Koloa, where Mr. Osborn is taking Mt. I fermon Preparatory School, Yale should receive a post of honor from t'.ie
the place formerly occupied by the University, where lie graduated in 1914 government which he first served in
Rev. Royal G. Hall. After three years' with a degree of R. A., and the Au 1888 as registrar of conveyances.
faithful service Mr. Hall returned to burn Theological Seminary. Prior to
the mainland for study at the Univer his entrance into the Mt. Hermon
sity of Chicago as a candidate for the Preparatory School, Mr. Axtell worked
for five years in the Merchants' Na
The Resignation of
degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Mr. Osborn was born in 1882 in tional Bank of Newark. Graduating Mr. Shattuck
Winnemucca, Nevada, and lived as a from .Auburn Theological Seminary in
school boy in Oakland, California. At 1916, he went to Hall. Xew York, and Rev. A. E. Shattuck, who for the !a~:
the age of 17, when his father died, at the urgent invitation of the people
three years has been the educational
he accompanied his mother to Iowa, there organized the Union Congrega
director at Central Union Church. ha-
where he secured employment in a pub tional Church and became its pastor.
resigned and left on August 16th for
lishing house, becoming in time junior He was ordained to the ministry by
Southern California. At a meeting >■:
partner in the Hawkeye Press of Dav the Western New York Association of
Congregational Churches. The people the church the Wednesday evening be
enport. Iowa. He also attended Cor
of Hall, New York, built a parsonage fore he sailed many warm expression-
nell College and Davenport Business
for the Axtells. Mr. Axtell married of appreciation, a beautiful book or
College. After the death of his mother
he entered Y. M. C. A. work, continu Miss Florence Nellie Hoppman. They island views and a substantial gift nt
ing with that institution for four years have two sons, Dayton, Jr., and Stewart. money were presented to Mr. and Mrs.
and taking the summer courses at Lake Mrs. Axtell's father was a Methodist Shattuck with the aloha of the churcl:
Geneva, Wisconsin. Leaving the Y. minister. Although Mr. Shattuck has serve'
M. C. A., Mr. Osborn pursued a course A cordial welcome has been given only three years at Central L'nior
of study in the Los Angeles Bible In both Messrs. Osborn and Axtell and Church, his term of service has beer
stitute, and then became Synodical they are fast becoming acquainted with
during a very critical transition pen-'
Evangelist for Idaho, after which he their new field and the needs of Kauai.
in the history of the Church Scho-L
attended the San Francisco Theologi H. P. J.
He has held the school together and in
cal Seminary. There he met Miss Helen
creased its morale during the difficiu
Hope Blair, a graduate of the Sem
inary, who became his wife. They A Fitting Tribute and uninspiring days while waiting fur
spent a year in Montana and then in the new buildings. He has been large
1920 removed to Leupp, Arizona, where A post of honor for which few, if ly influential in planning the subsidiary
they engaged in missionary work among any, in the islands -are better fitted to buildings in connection with the new
the Navajo Indians. hold, has been suggested for Mr. Thomas church so that they provide ample equii>-
Mr. Osborn. with this varied exper G. Thrum in the form of the librarian- ment and an independent home for eacr
ience in missionary work, is well qual ship of the Public Archives. department so arranged as to make j>o>-
ified to carry on his new duties as A successor to the late Robert C. sible a modern type of religious educa
missionary for the 1 lawaiian Board for Lydecker, efficient and faithful librarian tion work. More than this he has per
West Kauai, as well as pastor of the of the Archives for nineteen years, is fected the organization of the Sch^''
Koloa Union Church. The Osborns being sought. Power to appoint lies
along department lines so that it is ii"V.
have three children : Ruth, Paul and with the Library Commission composed
modern and up-to-date and ready to j; '
David Gordon. of Secretary of the Territory, Raymond
forward in the splendid new equipment
On Friday. July 25th. on the City C. Brown. Judge A. G. M. Robertson
and Judge Sanford 1'.. Dole. Thirty on the sound lines of modern religion-
of Los Angeles, the Rev. John Dayton
applications are said to be in the hands pedagogy which Mr. Shattuck has in
Axtell arrived with his family from
the mainland and a few days later of the Commission. culcated.
sailed for Kauai to begin their new As a historian Mr. Thrum has served, Quiet and unassuming in manner. Mr
work in Lihue. Mr. Axtell is the suc as perhaps has no other, this and future Shattuck has nevertheless performed Ii>
cessor of Rev. R. XV. Bayless, who for generations in Hawaii. task at Central Union Church in i
several years was pastor of the Lihue In the course of a review of Mr. thoroughly workmanlike manner. He
Union Church and a missionary of the Thrum's late book. "More Hawaiian has dignified the office of education
Board for East Kauai. Folk-Tales" (A. C. McClurg & Co.) director and has set a standard wlneh
Mr. Axtell was born in 1883 in Mor- Padraic Colum says : "Mr. Thrum is will keep the school on a high levt!
ristown. New Jersey. His father, a vet one of the veteran Hawaiian scholars for years to come and for which i-'-
eran of the Civil War, was a member and his Hawaiian Annual, which has successors will be continually gratef.:.
 August, 1924 THE FRIEND 109

course of twenty-five years, have a

Hawaii's National Leadership large influence on the attitude of the
By Llotfd R. Killam Christian people in America?
Shall Hawaii think only of her own
WALL STREET and Merchant sible for this condition, but so are the life, or seek to lose her life in the
missionaries who come back home and solving of the great problems which are
Street are gradually getting closer
tell of "the awful conditions among the surrounding her? If she chooses the
to each other. Hawaii's growing in
benighted heathen" in order to get fi latter, then Main Street, even more
dustrial and commercial life is increas
nancial support. than Wall Street, will look to her for
ingly attracting the attention of the
leaders of the nation's business. Tint We, with our young civilization, have leadership.
Wall Street has not taken Hawaii's been sending missionaries to the Orient
religious contribution to the life of the to tell them about Christianity and our
-nation very seriously. great civilization. One wonders, as he
Brewer Edcrj) to Come
It was my privilege recently to spend travels about America and discovers the
two weeks in Xew York City in the attitude of the average American Chris OF TREMENDOUS importance to
interests of the Christian Conference tian towards the Oriental peoples, the entire community is the an
for the Pacific Area. A calling-card whether the process should not be re nouncement that Dr. David Brewer
with "Hawaii" on it gives one entree to versed for a few years. Shall we not Eddy will immediately succeed Dr. A.
the leaders of the nation's business life. stop, for a period of ten years, say, W. Palmer in the pulpit of Central
I was interested to see the eagerness sending missionaries and, in humility Union Church. Dr. Palmer leaves Sep
with which they listened to the story rather than bigotry, ask China and tember 18 for a tour of the ( )rient, sub
of Christian work in the islands, and its Japan to send us one hundred educa sequently to become pastor of the Oak
relation to the Pacific problem. Sev tors a year to help our people to see Park Church, Chicago. Dr. Eddy will
eral of them confessed that they had the good qualities of their civilization occupy the Central Union pulpit on Oc
been entirely European-minded in the and of their peoples? tober 12 and thereafter for six weeks.
past but had come to realize that the Because of these conditions the lead With him on the trip to Hawaii will be
day had arrived when the Pacific de his wife and two children.
ers of business life are becoming aware
manded serious consideration; the re of the increasing danger of war on the Dr. Eddy is associate secretary and
cent exclusion legislation being the im Pacific. They fear growing racial ani educational secretary of the American
mediate cause of their new interest. As mosities. Religious leaders see the pos Board. He was ordained to the ministry
they look westward, they see some of sibility of the failure of our whole in 1904 and has had extensive Y. M.
the Pacific coast states with deep-seated missionary enterprise. Roth groups C. A. and student volunteer service, lie
prejudice towards the Oriental races realize that, with Europe in its present is recognized as a speaker of unusual
and an inclination to distort facts in condition and with the Orient in clan eloquence and magnetism and a civic
order to gain immediate ends. ger of turning its back on Christian leader of progressive ideas. He is well
When they hear the story of Hawaii, thought and friendship with America, known in Hawaii, his last visit here
with its high American ideals and stan there are serious problems ahead. being in January of last year, when he
dards and its sympathetic attitude to What has Hawaii to say and to of stopped off on his return from an ex
ward the races of the Orient, they are fer, in finding a way out? We are tended tour of Oriental countries.
inclined to pause and ask whether Ha so small, have so few people, and are At that time he was asked to conduct
waii has a message and leadership for so far away, that it seems presumptu a survey for the Hawaiian Board and
the nation in working out the problems ous to think that we have anything gave serious consideration to a plan to
of the Pacific. As these men hear about worth consideration by the nation's return to Hawaii for that purpose within
the 50,000 Japanese children of Ha leaders. But these same leaders, did a few months. On reaching the main
waii, of their American ancestry, the stop to listen. And, it seemed to me, land, however, he found that urgent
privilege they have to go to the main because of eagerness to find new light needs there precluded the possibility of
land, of their American education, they and not simply out of curiosity. These returning soon. He now writes that in
are surmising that this group of young men of ^discernment know that great connection with the work he is to do
people will either further complicate the principles are frequently worked out for Central Union he will undertake the
racial situation, or, because of their in small laboratories. They are begin Board survey. This, it is anticipated,
ability to speak the English language ning to sec. here in Hawaii, a real ra will lie an important contribution to the
and to understand and adopt American cial laboratory. religious and missionary work of the
Christian ideals, will be a great force We have about three hundred Orien islands.
in creating understanding. tal young men now studying in main Dr. Manchester Winter Supply
Can effective missionary work con land colleges. What if each of these According to later announcement. Dr.
tinue as long ,as the great mass of our left Hawaii as an active Christian, with 1 lerbert Manchester, former pastor of
Christian people in America misunder his life consecrated to brotherhood; the Union Church in Yokohama, will
stand and fail to appreciate the great what if each gave a talk once a week come to Honolulu as acting pastor for
ness of many of the qualities of many during his college course in some church Central L'nion for a period of six months
of the people of the Orient? The Hearst or club and. by exemplification and beginning December 1st.
papers and politicians, seeking to cap speech, revealed the good qualities of Mr. Manchester has been highly rec
ture electoral votes, are partly respon his people? Would not this, in the ommended to the church by Prof. G. A.
200 THE FRIEND August, 1924

Johnston Ross, of Union Theological various pamphlets on such subjects. He

Seminary, and by G. S. Phelps, national is an Hawaiian scholar whose expert
secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan. knowledge of language and traditions
The church at Yokohama was completely is constantly sought.
destroyed by the earthquake and is tem
porarily discontinued, though steps are
and editor of The Friend. Mr. Damon
being taken to its reestablishment, as
took him to the "General Meeting" then
soon as Yokohama is a little further
in session at the "Stone Church" (Ka-
along in its rebuilding program. Mean
waiahao), where he presented his letters
while, Mr. Manchester is free and
and was cordially received. Subsequent
Central Union church is able to secure
ly Mr. Lyman visited most of the mis
his services while the committee on pas
sionaries at their different stations. He
toral succession is engaged in looking
was with Mr. Andrews at the time of
for a new minister.
Mrs. Andrews' death at Lahainaluna
Morris Rogers, a local Y. M. C. A.
and came to know intimately Rev. Titus
secretary, has also been secured by Cen
Coan, whose friend he was through life.
tral Union church as acting education
His coming was nine years after the
director in place of Mr. Shattuck. Mr.
Great Revival and some natural reactions
Rogers is loaned by the Y.M.C.A. to
had set in. While he paints a picture in
the church. He is an experienced Sun
which depravity had its part, the devo
day school man and will keep the young
tion and kindliness of the missionaries
people's work, organized by Mr. Shat
in their simple homes and the influence
tuck, moving forward. Mr. Joseph 5. Emerson of these homes upon the native popula
tion, are well portrayed.
rTIHE eighty-first birthday of Mr. Jo- Mr. Lyman was asked by Mr. Amos
An Interesting Visitor and ■*■ seph S. Emerson was pleasantly cele Starr Cooke to take charge of the Royal
a New Book brated by a group of friends who gath School, and this he did for several
ered at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Emer months. Among his pupils were five
TO Mrs. Frank C. Porter came the son on Emerson Street. The guest of who afterward became rulers of the Isl
unique experience of reading the honor was a most genial host, and, with ands. In the introduction to the book
proof sheets of her father's journal his gracious wife, made the occasion a which Mrs. Porter has written, she says:
written in 1846 while on a visit to memorable one for those who gathered "The permanence of friendships begun
Hawaii, as she sailed between San Fran to pay him honor. in the Royal School between teacher and
cisco and Honolulu this month en route Mr. Emerson was born at Lahaina- pupils is shown by an interesting collec
with her husband. Professor Porter, of luna, Maui. July 13, 1843, and was the tion of letters, still preserved, as well as
Yale Divinity school, to China where sixth son of Rev. and Mrs. John S. by the visits at different times in later
Professor Porter is to serve for six Emerson of early missionary fame. He years, at the Diarist's New Haven home,
months at Peking University. was educated at Punahou and later at of Queen Emma, King Kalakaua and
The strange contrast of modern Ho the Massachusetts Institute of Technol Bernice Pauahi."
nolulu harbor with the whaling port of ogy, where he graduated in 1874. Of special interest, also, in this three-
1846 was impressive to Mrs. Porter, as Mr. Emerson was appointed assistant quarters-of-a-century-old journal, are the
indeed were the many other changes in the Hawaiian Government Survey of detailed observations of Mauna Loa and
which she had expected in this mid- 1877, and surveyor for the Court of its great crater, Kilauea, which. Profes
Pacific metropolis, but found difficult to Land Registration 1903-04, retiring on sor Jaggar says, are the most accurate
reconcile with descriptions her father account of ill-health. of all early accounts. Dr. Lyman wrote
had written seventy-eight years ago. He married Miss Dorothea Lamb in as a scientist as well as a minister.
Mrs. Porter saw the sights on a 1898. Their one son, Mr. Oliver Hudle- After leaving Hawaii Dr. Lyman spent
round-Oahu trip with the appreciation ston Emerson, is engaged in scientific almost three years in California, and the
of a modern tourist, colored by vivid study in connection with the Volcano latter part of his journal is devoted to
contrasts, and had the same unique ex of Kilauea. experiences there.
perience at the Volcano. In childhood Mr. Emerson began col The title of the book remains the same
1 ler father. Rev. Chester S. Lyman, lections of shells which he is still en as that attached to the original diary.
whose journal is now being published in larging. He has made large collections "Around the Horn to the Sandwich Isl
book form by the Yale University Press, of Hawaiian ethnological specimens, ands and California, 1845-1850." Fred
left New York October 1, 1845, on the folk-lore, etc., and is the author of erick J. Teggart, associate professor in
ship Mariposa, and arrived in 1 fonolulu the University of California, has edited
The above cut is from a miniature of
May 14, 1846. He was then a young Mr. Emerson done by his nephew, Mr. the manuscript, and Mrs. Porter has fur
minister whose health demanded a sea Arthur W. Emerson. While much of the nished the introduction. Her brother.
voyage. He came bearing letters to most charm of the colored miniature is lost in
the photograph, the really splendid like Mr. Chester \V. Lyman, of New York,
of the missionaries here and met at once ness of the subject is evident. Mr. Arthur brings out the book as a memorial to hi-
Rev. C. S. Damon, seamen's chaplain Emrson is a local artist for whom the father. Copies will be awaited with
"Revue du Vrai et du Beau" of Paris, pre
(Continued on 3rd column) dicts a brilliant future. great interest here.
August, 1924 THE FRIEND 201

pastor, could hardly fail to deepen the

Tke Local CKurcK in the Crusade for Peace impression and strengthen the resolve.
Rev. Sidney L. Gulick A pageant once or twice a year, if
well done and properly advertised, would
interest and arouse both the Church and
THE recent declarations of denomina the Church after due study and revision, the community. Several pageants and
tional assemblies and general confer- a brief declaration of its ideals, policy
plays are now available, and some mem
tional assemblies and general conferences and program and its resolve to do its
ber fo the church might perhaps prepare
on the subject of war form a most sig part in abolishing war.
an original pageant. Local talent should
nificant body of evidence of an aroused Once each year, as the culmination of
be developed just as far as possible. An
sentiment in the churches. These pro the annual peace service of the church,
admittance charge might be made, which
nouncements, however, will have little the entire congregation might be invited
would defray expenses and provide a
value unless they are followed by active to repeat together the ''International
fund for the budget of the "Peace Cab
programs of churches. The eloquent Creed." Immediately following that self-
dedication, a brief period of silent pray inet."
words uttered during recent months
must be followed by even more convinc er, closed by a sentence or two by the (Continued on next page)
ing deeds in the months to come.
In the carrying out of any practical
program it is the local church rather
than any national assembly, conference Church History in Second Edition
or convention that is the real test of the
churches' concern for peace. It is the <<T7V\RPY Hawaiian Churches and which the chiefs and foreigners sub
pastor and members of the church in the
local community who will answer the
'E the Manner of Their Building" scribed. An amount sufficient for a
frail, thatched house of worship, twenty-
was the title of a unique little book pre
question as to whether the declarations pared by Miss Ethel M. Damon and four feet by twenty-one, was soon ob
of the churches on the subject of war published in 1920 as a compliment to the tained, and the work of building it by
and peace are of any positive value. guests of the Hawaiian Mission Cen native hands hired for the service, was
As a means of assisting the local tennial. in a few months accomplished. Plain
churches to carry out a more effective The edition was soon exhausted, and doors, a pulpit window and a decent
program in behalf of peace, as outlined so great was the disappointment of those pulpit, surmounted by astral lamps, were
in the denominational gatherings held who later applied for copies, that Miss added by foreign workmen, which,
this spring, the Federal Council of the Damon graciously agreed to publish a though cheap and rude, were adapted to
Churches has prepared a new pamphlet second edition. This is off the press and the cheap, frail building, and gave it
entitled "What Pastors and Churches on sale by The Friend in the Hawaiian somewhat the air of a house of God."
Can Do in the Crusade for a Warless Board Bookrooms. This was the first Kawaiahao Church
World." This document undertakes to The body of the text consists of quo and three others of thatch succeeded it
make concrete, practical suggestions of tations from "A Residence of Twenty to be followed, finally, by the present-
specific ways in which pastors and Years in the Sandwich Islands," by day landmark, a handsome church of
church members can make their influ Hiram Bingham, A.M., second edition, coral stone cut from the island reefs.
ence definitely felt. It is proposed, first Hartford, 1828. These quotations are The story of how the young king, ad
of all, that in the local church there so cleverly strung and joined with con vancing to manhood, expressed, in 1835,
should be a special standing committee necting facts that the thread of a fasci a desire for a new church for the wor
or Peace Cabinet, to be responsible for nating story of church building, the vis ship of God, and how this was finally
the peace program of the church. The ible expression of spiritual development accomplished through the aid of chiefs
following brief quotations from the by a people but recently released from and people, is one which will go down,
pamphlet indicate the character of the the thraldom of the tabu system and through time, to the glory of Christian
suggestions offered : idol worship, runs unbroken. missions in the Pacific.
Different types of activities and edu "For upwards of fourteen months," Thrilling as is the story of Kawaia
cational programs will be needed for the says the text, "public worship had been hao, the romance of other churches in
different types and ages of the people. held in the school room, a section of one other sections of the islands, is as great.
All of the suggestions herewith offered of the primitive mission houses. The The story is true. It lacked but the tell
have been tried out with success in one first Kawaiahao Church, the first church ing and this has been done in splendid
or more churches. edifice in Hawaii, therefore became the fashion in this little book.
An occasional sermon will, of course, home of the church body organized in The illustrations, beginning with a re
be essential. The Sunday nearest Armis the vestry of Park Street Church, Bos production of a painting of Honolulu
tice Day (November 11) each year ton, on October 17, 1819, and trans harbor in 1821 now in the posses
would be one of the fitting days on planted by means of the Thaddeus." sion of Charles II. Taylor of Boston,
which to turn the attention of all the Quoting Mr. Bingham : "Within two and embracing many historic scenes and
people to the task of outlawing war and months from our first anniversary, our buildings, are remarkable and give to
of bringing in a Christian world-order. place of worship was quite too strait for the book a unique charm. Printed in
The Cabinet might, as one of its first us, and on the 25th of June. 1821, a sub sepia on ivory and brown-toned paper,
undertakings, prepare, for adoption by scription was opened for a church, to the effect is indeed attractive.
202 THE FRIEND August. 1924

Among possible plays and pageants

we suggest : "Good Will, the Magi
Golden Gate Window—Annual Secretarial Conference
cian." For children from six to twelve By Henr? H. Kelsey, D. D.
years old. ( National Child Welfare As
sociation. 70 Fifth Avenue, New York ) SECRETARY John P. Erdman of the that the Hawaiian Evangelical Asso
and "Religious Drama" (The Century Hawaiian Board was present at ciation be given a status similar to that
Company, New York). A collection of the Annual Pacific Coast Conference of of a constitutent State, the details of
ten plays and pageants for adults, young Superintendents and Secretaries recent such arrangement to be worked out in
people and children. ly held in San Francisco. His im correspondence with the Hawaiian
In cooperation with other churches or pressive statement of the Hawaiian Association.
the local church federation, distinguished problem and situation made emphatic The Conference gave thorough con
speakers might be secured for lectures the advisability that the Hawaiian sideration to a wide range of local and
or addresses several times a year. A churches, all children of the American denominational problems. Life this
forum, bi-weekly or monthly, might be Board and Congregational in organi side of the Rockies is very like life to
instituted for the discussion of many zation, should become more closely the eastward, yet conditions are differ
topics of vital interest, international ques identified with our denominational or ent, especially here on the coast. Pro
tions being chosen every few weeks. ganization both for their own sake and grams set up in the East often have to
A study course on Christian Interna ours. be adapted to conditions here. In these
tionalism might be used by adult Bible These IOC) churches are now reported annual Conferences we try to make
classes and Young People's groups. It in the Year Book, but that is all. these adaptations so that the activities of
might be made the basis of the usual Practically they are a separate body. the churches may gear into these pro
mid-week prayer-meeting topics for six They face a missionary problem and grams and their purposes be attained.
or eight weeks during the year. Two opportunity in the population of the Major consideration was given to the
study courses are available : islands, the size and importance of apportionment and how to get it. It
For Young People—"The Christian which few of us appreciate. The bus was the unanimous judgment of the
Crusade for a Warless World" (Federal iness of 1 lawaii is mostly in the hands Secretaries that primary emphasis must
Council of Churches ) . of Americans, but its population is be put now on the education of our
For Adult Groups — "International mostly oriental. Of the total of nearly giving constituencies in respect of mis
Problems and the Christian Way of 300.000. 120.00 are Japanese, 23,000 are sionary causes rather than upon the
Life" (Association Press. New York). Chinese, 5,000 Koreans, 36,000 Fili machinery of the Every Member Can
Christian International Ideals should pinos ; only 35,000 are Caucasian, in vas. To this end three resolution^
be taught to the children in the Sunday cluding 15,000 soldiers. were passed :
school. At the Sunday school teachers' The Sandwich Islands were Foreign 1. That the district Secretaries
preparatory class the superintendent or Mission territory in 1820. Hawaii is Women's Organizations and State Sup
pastor could suggest simple ways of ed today an integral part of the United erintendents unite in a program of pro
ucating children on international good States. The racial and missionary motion. To this end a Committee was
will. An important aid for this type of problem there is our problem and the appointed to arrange with State Super
work is the volume by the Rev. J. L. whole denomination should stand in to intendents for a systematic visitation of
Lobingier on World Friendship Through help solve it. It is strategic as a prob the churches by teams of three or more
the Church School (University of Chi lem and opportunity in two important missionary speakers, who shall present
cago Press). particulars. The children of these the wide work of the denomination sup
I lelp in the training of young children nearly 200.000 Orientals will constitute ported by the apportionment, the plan
will be found in striking placards pictur the major body of the citizenship of the to be in operation during the entire
ing in pleasing forms the children of Islands in the immediate future. They year.
many races (a dozen cards issued by the will be loyal Americans and good cit 2. This resolution of last year's Con
National Council for Prevention of War, izens if we treat them as American ference was reaffirmed with renewed
532 Seventeenth Street. Washington, children and give them a Christian ed emphasis : "That we ask Secretary
D. C). Appreciation of the good qual ucation. Also these people may become Beard and the Commission on Missions
ities of other nations and races should a potent agency for the evangelization to expend a considerable part of the
always be emphasized in discussing in of the Orient, upon which in large promotional funds in sending Mission
ternational relations. measure the future welfare of the world aries with a vital message, representa
depends. tive of both Home and Foreign fields,
The rapid growth of the missionary It was significant that Secretary Erd for intensive campaigns in the several
enterprise in China is suggested by the man was here just as Superintendent states under the direction of the State
fact that the Union Language School Lucius O. Haird and Secretary George Superintendents." To this resolution
at Peking, during the past eight years, W. Hinman were about to sail for was added the specific request that the
has enrolled 1.433 students, of whom Hawaii all on a similar mission, namely Commission on Missions finance a cer
785 were women and 648 were men. to bring about a closer relation between tain named Missionary, known to be
The number includes 1,028 Americans. the churches of Hawaii and the soon returning on furlough, for a nine
282 British, and 123 of other nationali churches of the mainland. The Con months speaking, campaign in this coun
ties; in all. 23 countries being repre ference passed a resolution recommend try for the entire apportionment, mean
sented. ing to the Commission on Missions time providing for the care of his work
August, 1924 THE FRIEND 203

in China during the time of his extend a frank, comprehensive discussion of velopment of Christian character.
ed furlough. the character and place of the Church As a special worker for the Y. M. C.
3. It was agreed that it is psychol among men and women of today. No A. in its territorial work among boys
ogically right that with every appeal as criticism is ignored or glossed over. and also as special worker, on occa
by visiting missionaries or by teams, as The author shows fearlessness and can sions, for the Hawaiian Board, Mr.
proposed above, opportunity shall be dor. His judicial spirit commends all Young has had and made good use of
given for a response in gifts. It was that he says to any one who may be opportunities for acquiring informa
the judgment of the Conference that hostile to organized Christianity or tion concerning the conditions and envi
when such gifts are received the largest skeptical concerning the future of the ronment of the boys of the Territory
good to the whole cause will ensue if Church. Despite past vagaries and of Hawaii. This information has sat
the appeal and gifts are directed to the present divisions and imperfections, the isfied him that there is a real need
total apportionment, rather than to any "corporate continuity and (conscious for the Academy. He believes that, for
particular cause presented. ness" of the Church are clearly seen to the boy who finds it necessary to leave
Association meetings were discussed "overtop the losses." his home to secure an education, the
with respect of their programs and at The book contains ten chapters, deal Academy offers an ideal substitute for
tendance. The concensus of opinion ing with these subjects :—The Church that home and is a school in addition.
was that the value and influence of the and its critics, the necessity of churches. Believing that boys are naturally re
local Association would be much in the character of the modern church, the ligious and knowing something of boy
creased if in program construction mission of the church, the Church and nature, Mr. Young goes to the H. M.
more thoughtful provision were made the social conscience, the teaching of A. appreciative of the opportunity of
for the presentation and discussion of the Church, worship, the Church and fered there and with a determination
the outreaching tasks of the denom human brotherhood, church unity and to make the most of that opportunity.
ination, and of methods for the in church loyalty. In brief compass and
crease of local church efficiency. It interesting form it gives an account of
was also suggested that effort be made the missionary movement, home and
Germans Rallied to Support
to secure a larger attendance, especially foreign, and social influences and effects
of church officers and leaders in church
of Children
of the Church, and of the organizations
activity. and agencies through which the Church "Germany played a straight game in
The Pacific Coast has contracts with proclaims her message and does her taking care of her starving children.
the world, eastward and westward. work, The need was understated.
I lawaii is our next door neighbor and The book has 223 pages and is well "In spite of the financial wreckage of
japan is just beyond. We still ardently indexed. It is published by the Mac- their country, the Germans rallied to
support President Coolidge and only millan Company, New York, cloth, the support of their children. Nearly
wish it had seemed wise to him to kill $1.75. A special edition in paper was all made sacrifices to save them. Not
that Japanese Exclusion Act by vetoing prepared at the request of the Home less than ninety per cent, of all relief
the whole Immigration Bill. We are Missions Council and Council of Wo was given by the Germans themselves.
already witnessing some of the "serious men for Home Missions. 156 Fifth "Most of the help for feeding the
consequences" which we were warned Avenue, New York, and may be pro children of Germany has come from
would ensue. cured from them for 85 cents a copy. German sources. In Essen almost 95
percent of the help came from Germans.
Mr. G. A. Young, for a number of The balance, 5.1 per cent, came from
The Christian CKurcK in years connected with various Hawaii foreign countries."
an Board activties, has been elected to This is the statement made by Tames
trie Modern World the vice presidency of the Honolulu H. Causey, a business man of Denver.
Military Acaderny. In offering Mr. Colorado, to the Committee on Mercy
STUDENTS in colleges and univer Young this position the H. M. A. au nad Relief of the Federal Council of
sities have frequently challenged thorities explained that it was their Churches, which carried on an exten
the value of the Church. Secretaries of desire that the school should take a for sive campaign for the relief of the suf
recruiting, representing denominational ward step along religious lines and that fering in Germany last winter and
missionary organizations, the Student his principal duty would be to empha spring. Mr. Causey has just returned
Volunteer Movement, the Christian As size and develop this forward step. from Europe, where he succeeded in
sociation and similar bodies, have been This does not mean that the Academy floating a loan of a half million dollars
confronted by the challenge and have is not and has not been a strictly Chris for the cities of the Ruhr relief work.
long realized the need of a book to dis tian moral institution but that it is He paid all the expenses for the floata
cuss the question in a fair and adequate hoped to develop, in a more intensified tion.
manner. A group of those representa manner, the Christian religious spirit Mr. Causey, who made a detailed in
tives asked Dr. Raymond Calkins to in the character of the student body. vestigation into the need and relief
write a book, and consulted with him There will be no laxity in the military work, sings the praises of the Germans
in the planning. It is his book ; but discipline. There will be no setting up for the help they gave. He flatly
they have helped it to take shape. of a new regime. There will be more denies that any great number of Ger
The book is entitled, "The Christian attention given to Christian ideals and mans are callously living in plenty
Church in the Modern World," and is more emphasis placed upon the de while millions starve.
204 THE FRIEND August, 1924

He also stated that Italian officials Slovakians, six Poles, two Italians, for viseing a passport. Doctors' cer
reported to him that the number of Ger eleven Austrians, two Frenchmen, three tificates of necessity are given in some
mans in the Italian resorts are only Americans and one German. The Aus cases. It is the hope of all families of
five to ten per cent, as great as before trians and the Poles spoke German and moderate means in Germany to send
the war. He also points out that not so did some of the Czecho-Slovokians. their children to Italy to build them up
all who speak German at the resorts Some of the countries represented are on good food.
are Germans. in very good condition and had a good "One of my German friends took his
In telling of conditions Mr. Causey deal of money. family to Allasio on the Italian Riviera.
said: "For years the Germans have "It must also be remembered that be They could no longer afford to live in
been taught to expect the government to fore the war sixty per cent, of the Berlin. They got a charming little
meet all their needs and to take care tourists in Italy were Germans. Swit villa with four rooms, a roof garden
of them in time of danger and distress. zerland is the Atlantic City, the Ocean and a flower garden, the owners of
The government and the municipalities City, Asbury Park, the Coney Island, which furnished them with food at a
could not meet the food situation be the Hudson River, the Great Lakes, the cost each of five gold marks a day, or
cause they did not have the money to Chesapeake Bay, the Florida and the $1.10 in our money.
buy foodstuffs. It took the Germans California playground of the Germans. "Any American family can go to
a little while to adjust themselves to the They do not go to the French resorts Italy and live six months, the entire trip
new condition. these days. The Italian officials told costing less than it would cost to live
"Let me give a typical example of me that' between 50,000 and 60,000 at home.
how many Germans acted. A rich passports had been issued to Germans "In spite of all the help that Germans
woman sold her two automobiles and during the last year. Considering that gave and the help that came from other
discharged her five servants in order to Italy is the health resort of Germany, countries besides America, the relief
give the money to the poor. The peo the number does not seem big. was inadequate and millions of children
ple finally organized to meet conditions. "I found in Italy two directors of the have suffered. The churches and re
In Bremen for instance every block is Krupp works stopping at a hotel that ligious institutions and organizations
organized and covered. Every individ was not good enough for me. The dif have paid a heavy toll. It is a shame
ual is seen at least once a month to ference in cost was only forty cents a that more was not done, not only for
find his or her condition. Through day. but they were living inexpensively. the hungry children, but also for the
this method it was discovered that in My hotel cost $2.50 a day including sake of international relations. There
the same house one family would be meals. At the Bristol Hotel at Berlin, is gratitude for what has been done,
living in plenty while others living in which was not so good, I paid $8 a but had more help been given, much
the next apartment would be starving. day. I am telling this because it means would have been done to remove hatred
Bremen met all its own needs. that any German family of moderate and the chances of war in the future
At Hamburg a charity check sys means could spend six weeks in Italy would have been reduced to a minimum.
tem was developed. Professional beg and the trip not cost them a cent when "The need is not over yet. but I be
gars were reaping a harvest. These compared with what it would cost lieve a way will be found. The
charity checks, worth about five cents them to live in Germany. churches and religious institutions will
each, called for immediate food and in "The German government is doing suffer long after the people cease to
vestigation so that the needs might be everything possible to discourage Ger starve, because they have given their
met in the best way. More than 95 per mans leaving the country and has a tax all to help not only their members, but
cent of the relief wrork in Hamburg of 500 gold marks or $120 per person also the children and old folks."
was done by the people of Hamburg.
One man gave a dollar for every dollar
that other citizens gave. These are
typical instances.
"In Europe I met many Americans >V
who told me of rich Germans in the
resorts of Italy. They described these
people as living extravagantly while
their fellow-countrymen starved. I
talked with the Italian conducter about
conditions and lamented that so many
Germans were going to Italy while
their friends starved. He said to me :
'There are not as many as most people
think. Remember not everyone who
speaks German is a German." When he
took up the passports for crossing the
border he showed them to me. There Si
were 34 passengers in two cars for
which he collected. The passports Honolulu in 1821. One of the interesting illustrations in Miss Damon's
showed that there were nine Czecho- book, "Early Hawaiian Churches."
August, 1924 THE FRIEND 205

missionary mothers gave them. When CO-OPERATIVE CHURCH AD

Scouting and 4ie Churck she was five the family spent a year in VERTISING
America, and later one in Germany, re By Herbert B. Mulford
(Continued from page 197) turning to Japan to be stationed at In the "Associated Advertising"
further step in this direction. An ad Kyoto. They all, however, took up The outstanding characteristic of the
visory committee on Boy Scout rela their residence in Oberlin in time for non-church-going person is lack of in
tions among Protestant churches is giv her to be graduated from the high terest in church activities. There are
ing counsel and direction to this divi school, and then from Oberlin College. types of church officials who believe
sion. The committee has two outstand To this she added two years at Colum this is the fault of the public,—that
ing representatives from each of the bia Teachers' College, and some work non-church-goers should know that it is
Protestant bodies which comprise 95 in Union Theological Seminary, under right to affiliate with some church, and
per cent of the white Protestant popula Dr. Fosdick and Eugene Lyman. She should therefore take action to this end.
tion of America. The National Scout says she chooses Japan because there But to argue in this wise is to say that
leaders are ready to "give and take" in she can make the best use of her mis the merchant should blame his failure
any adjustment of programs which will sionary background. to sell goods on the public that does not
make the benefits as they reach the boy know of the excellence of his ware. In
of greater or more lasting value. Our other words, it is the duty of church
Miss Maud Russell, secretary of the
first aim and ultimate end is to serve officialdom to arouse interest in non-
Young Women's Christian Association
the boys of America in the largest church-going people.
in Changsha, writes of the marriage of
possible way. The first stumbling block is the fact
Peh Ching, "the nicest girl in our As
The program of the Sunday School sociation family," who found the red that such a multitude of denominations
covers about thirty minutes once every and sects cry aloud to the non-church-go
curtains on her father's door when she
seven days, and in many instances the ing public that it appears even those who
went home from school one day.
Church closes this department during are supposed to speak with authority
"All this week we have seen the in are divided among themselves. Lack of
the summer months. Scouting is on
teresting preparations : the coming of co-operation, real and vital, among
the job 24 hours a day and 365 days
the middlemen, the sending of the Christian denominational organizations
out of every year. The twelfth scout
bride's new furniture to her future is one of the principal obstacles to ad
law is : "A Scout is Reverent. He is
home, and the gifts of the groom's vancing civilization today.
reverent toward God. He is faithful
family. His relatives sent eight loads Co-operative advertising among
in his religious duties, and respects the
convictions of others in matters of of presents, and the bride's parents churches in a given community will help
custom and religion." Verily, nothing picked what they wanted, and sent the materially in presenting a unified front
that has ever yet been devised will so rest back ! All these things went on to rouse nagging interest. In the expe
supplement the work of the Church while Peh Ching was in school two rience of the writer, reference to the inti
and the Sunday School as Scouting blocks away, and knew nothing about mate experiences of the people one is
will. Five hundred thousand and more it. The groom's family say she may trying to reach should be the test of ad
Boy Scouts in the United States alone go back to school when the wedding is vertising value. If non-church-goers are
are constantly taught that Scouting is over, but that remains to be seen. We not interested in the usual pulpit utter
practical religion and that the Scout have not concealed our feelings in the ances, as evidenced by their absence from
honors God best when he helps others matter,—the whole system is wrong, church, they probably will not be in
most. and she is too young, but the family terested in simple scriptural quotations.
say this is the last girl in the family They must be reached by an offer of
to be married this way." service to them which appeals to them.
This is distinctly a Chinese custom. One phase of this distinction is the re
Ethel Gulick to Japan This spring there was put on in Chang sponsive note which can be struck by
sha a "mass education" campaign that dwelling upon intimate pastoral aid and
Writing of Miss Ethel Gulick, who has an American sound to it. The guidance as distinct from pulpit preach
passed through Honolulu on August Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. are ing. The solution of vexing domestic
25 on her way to the Orient, the Mis trying to enroll every one between the problems, the patient work in charity,
sionary Herald says : ages of ten and twenty in classes for the efforts made in training children,—
"With such a missionary heritage learning to read and write a thousand these are the subjects which will ob
as hers, one would expect to find her characters in four months. Scattered trude upon the uninterested reader and
enrolling for |apan and the Doshisha throughout the city they have these will cause him to think. And support
Jo Gakko." classes, which meet for an hour each ing all this is the background of unity
She is the daughter of Sidney L. afternoon. The motto of the campaign seen through actual co-operation of the
Gulick and granddaughter of Luther is, "Changsha 100 per cent literate." individual churches.
Halsey Gulick. She is a native of With education there will be less Mere self-sufficiency or retirement
Kobe. Japan, and with her brothers occasions for the hanging of red cur behind the argument that emotional fer
spent her early years with the Japanese tains over the door. In seeking to vor of a few staunch supporters of the
children, on an. equal footing as play promote the literacy of China the Y. church is better than a dawning interest
fellows and companions. Their school W. C. A. is promoting the happiness of among large numbers, will frustrate any
ing was what their mother and other thousands. advertising campaign.
206 THE FRIEND August, 1924

of the Toledo Federation of Churches.

National Advertising During the period (from New Year's
A New Union Church in
One of the interesting events at the to Easter) it helped to bring in 4,796
new accessions to the churches of
Los Angeles
meeting of the National Advertising
Commission in Washington was a con Toledo—796 over the quota of 4,000 set Foregoing their denominational shibo-
ference on Church Advertising, led by at the beginning of the campaign. The leths, the Japanese of the Congrega
W. N. Bayless of Cleveland, O., and story of this remarkable campaign was tional and Presbyterian Churches in
participated in by members of the Com published in the Independent. Los Angeles, assisted by the Church
mission and leading clergymen and lay The other campaign was a complete
men of Washington. advertising plan for his own church in
Set forth in detail two plans that had Cleveland, which he had laid out and
proven successful. helped conduct and which was partly
The first was an advertising cam
paign he conducted in Toledo, ()., as
chairman of the advertising committee
responsible for a 30 per cent increase in
the membership of his church during
the year.
YOU
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53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU vice for six. to serve

MggiaQ^BSMinOHOftQZ^minffiaESSfr

The Full Cost of Impurity

Replacement of a product pre- culvert collapses, water wasted These are costly happenings.
maturely rusted out is often but a when a flume leaks, clothes ruined Lessen the chances of their hurt
fraction of the bill against im- when a washing machine discol- ing you by using and recommend
pnre iron. Count the indirect ors, communication cut when a ing pure, rust-resisting Armco
losses — traffic delayed when a telephone wire snaps. Iron.

Honolulu IrouWork$
August, 1924 THE FRIEND 207

Building Societies of those two de

nominations, united their forces some
months ago to form a Union Church,
and are erecting a tine institutional A BUSINESS ELEMENT
Church on North San Pedro street Real unbiased friendship is quite as important in business dealings as it is
which will suitably meet the needs of in social life. And friendly service is what the Trent Trust Company for the
past fifteen years has endeavored to give.
that vicinity. And now, as heretofore, the Trent Trust Company through its Realty, Its
The building is estimated to cost Stock and Bond, its Trust and Insurance departments will strive to be a true
business friend to its clients working at all times in their interests.
$<S0,000.00. of which $35,000 has been
"So to serve that we may continue to serve."
contributed by the Church Building
Societies, on condition that the balance
will be contributed by Japanese. The TRENT TRUST COMPANY
Japanese have still a portion to raise, LIMITED
but are Hearing their goal.
The ground floor of the building
will contain office, reading rooms and
library. Sunday School and Day and
Night School rooms, a kitchen and a J . ABADIE'S
large gymnasium. The second floor
plan includes an auditorium with seat
French Laundry
ing capacity for 700, capable of expan DYEING AND CLEANING
sion for special occasion, and other WORKS
rooms specially adapted to the needs of
the various religious services of the ♦ ♦ ♦
Church.
Rev. Giichi Tanaka, formerly pastor
of our Wailuku Japanese Church is Main Works Branch Office
senior pastor of the New Union Church 777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
Phone 1491 Phone 2919 to take pictures now that in the fu
and Rev. K. Ogawa, of the Los Ange ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
les Presbytery, is junior pastor. all prices.
May their kind be multiplied!' Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
Fort Street
TOKIO, JAPAN.—Faith almost ap N. S.Sachs Dry GoodsCo., Ltd.
proaching superstition still characterizes 116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
the simple-minded country folks' atti Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR
tude towards the image of Buddha. A THE STORE WITH MERCHAN
dispatch from Oyedamachi, Nagano- Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect
DISE OF A DEPENDABLE Embalming School of San Francisco,
ken, reports that an extraordinary mani Cal., also of the Renouard Training
QUALITY School for Embalmers of New York.
festation of such faith was made in
And a Licensed Embalmer for the
Shiotamura. Agents for State of New York; also a member
Because of the continuous drought of the State Funeral Director!'
Butterick Patterns and Association of California.
the villagers assembled and held a pray MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES
er meeting before the local, stone image Publications FURNISHED. CHAIRS TO RENT.
1374 NUUANU 8TREET.
of Buddha in the hope of calling down Residence, 1374 Nuuanu.
rain. The meeting continued for a week
at the end of which, much to the disap
pointment of the villagers, no rain
came. The men were so seriously ex
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
AT HONOLULU
cited at the "incompetency" of the Bud Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $450,000
dha that they beheaded the image. A
few days later the rain came down in OFFICERS
L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
torrents. President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
The intimidated men then pulled the Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
headless Buddha by a rope up to a vil
lage physician for diagnosis after the
United States Government Depositary
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
traditional custom. The physician re- Cable Transfers.
instituted the head by means of cement
and bandaging the neck declared that ACCOUNTS INVITED
he would be all right in a week's time
208 THE FRIEND August, 1924

One of the notable institutions of breeds as white persons and accord them
Java is "Rysttafel," or Rice Toffle. the same social status granted the Hol Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited
What is Rice Toffle? It is a gastro landers of purest white blood. In other
nomic wonder of the world. Its aston words, with the Dutch, a proportion of
ishing feature does not consist in the white blood makes its owner a white STOCKS AND BONDS
strangeness of the dish, or in its cookery, person—this being the reverse of what REAL ESTATE
templative Dutchman could possibly the Englishman or American grants.
evolve. In the hotels it is the great As a Dutch lady remarked to me, "Java INSURANCE
dish for tiffin. A typical Rice Toffle is the paradise of half-castes." When
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
is heaped upon you as follows: Im we consider that white men have created
mediately after giving your order there a condition for their half-caste offspring,
bears clown upon you a line of ten for which the latter are not responsible,
Authorized by law to act
solemn-faced, turbaned, white- jacketed, it would seem as if the attitude of the
unshod Malay waiters each armed with Dutch toward this sad problem is one as Trustee, Executor, Ad
his contribution to your sure present of equity and justice. ministrator and Guardian.
joy and possible future sorrow. Some Capital, Surplus and Un
of these men carry several articles of MR. VAUGHAN MacCAUGHEY, divided Profits Over One
diet, some only one. The first places former Superintendent of Public Million Dollars.
an immensely deep soup-plate in front of Instruction for the Territory of Hawaii,
you and into its depths you are expected and now with the California Council of
to put as much boiled rice as you feel Education, has been recently appointed
confident of mastering. Most Dutch vice-chairman and regional director of
men take—as a foundation for their re the Race Relations Survey of the
past—enough rice to make an ordinary
meal for commonplace men. Then fol
Pacific Coast. President Ray Lyman
Wilbur, of Stanford University, is
C. Brewer
LIMITED
& Co.
low the other waiters holding aloft a chairman, and Dr. Robert E. Park, of
bewildering array of cooked or spiced the University of Chicago, is research
things which the true epicure masses director. General Mercantile Commission Agents,
up, over and around the original basis Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.
of this extraordinary meal. The mound
of rice is lost to view under beefsteak, Metropolitan Meat AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho
nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co.,
cabbage, baked bananas, done-over Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
meats, beans, all sorts of curried affairs, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
chicken, peanuts, fritters, fried eggs, to
Market Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar
say nothing of the pickled things and Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.
what-not too numerous to mention. Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
An outstanding feature of life in Java tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald
Our large shipping business is quite win Locomotive Works.
is the social and business position of the OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President:
Eurasians. While England and America independent of our family trade. R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager:
have decided to consider the children of We endeavor to keep both phases Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R
of our business at top notch. Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer;
their own white men by dark-skinned C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke. G. R
mothers as social outcasts the Dutch of Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors
the East Indies have, on the contrary, 50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445
decided to treat such peoples of mixed

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3V4

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 i THE FRIEND1
Dr. Frank Rawlinson, editor of Trie Chinese
Recorder in China, and a publicist of internation
i
al reputation sa^s in mis issue of Hrie Friend:
Civic or national government depends largely on friendship for its opera
tion. The best advertisement for a business or article of commerce is the
satisfaction of the user— thus a friend is made. Before that comes the
winning of his confidence. The same principles act in interracial matters.
ii We must set our faces to learn not political manipulation of world affairs, nor
i commercial mastery of the world's economic resources, but simple friendliness.
Only by dependence on friendship can international political and commercial
life be carried on successfully. That arrangement which simply postpones
1 strife is not successful. All this calls for a change of attitude. The statesman
must think of cooperation, less of control. The commercial leader must think
i more of service and less of advantage. The military man must learn to think
in terms of the protection of all, not self-protection in terms of possible invasion
of a probable enemy. Fear of what other races might do to us must give
place to mutual sympathy with common needs. We fear the same bogies.
i' We have the same needs. We act as though the bogies are real and the needs
unreal. To understand each other's needs will help dispel the bogies.

|i
In mis issue also, Dr. K. C. Leebrick on "Christi
j anity on Trial in the Orient."
i
i

Next Month Rev\ Augustine Jones will contribute

i an appreciation of Dr. Frederick Nonfood, "A
Great Australian Preacher Discovered by London
During the War."

HONOLULU SEPTEMBER, 1924 HAV^AII

214 THE FRIEND September, 1924

JMJtlUlMMllJiMMMMSMMSM&M 3

The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. | We Have Served Four

Dealers in Automobiles and
Generations in Hawaii
Automobile Supplies
Importers, Commission and
Machinery Merchants
jjj
Yes-
Agents for
Packard Motor Car Co. jjj The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd.
Overland Company jij It is a
Buick Motor Company ESTABLISHED 1858
Chandler Motor Car Co.
Cleveland
Menominee Trucks
United States Tires
jjj
jjj
jjj
RESOURCES
OVER 18 MILLION
SIX
Mlchelln Tires
Also Agents for ill
Otis Elevator Company jjj
Frick Co. (Ice Machinery)
Gray Motor Co.
Armstrong Cork Co.
L. C. Smith Co. l«'IW«x»>tt«MVWWyg^j.tiM^M^
(Concrete Machinery)
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
It Sells
Century Electric Co. jjj
Knight "All White" Soda Fountain jsj
Company
Palatine Ins. Co. of London
jji
jjj
SUVA'S in
Automobile Department of Hartford ill
Honolulu
Phoenix Assurance Co .of London
Fire Ins. Co.
Union Gas Engine Co.
jl:
TOGGERY for less than
THE ALEXANDER YOUNG | * + +
BUILDING CLOTHING and $IOOO
Corner King and Bishop streets, jjj
Honolulu II; MEN'S
FURNISHINGS

New Model
Japanese Oldsmobile
Bazaar
LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF
ORIENTAL GOODS a Royal Hawaiian
IN THE CITY Sales Co., Ltd.
j» Jt j»
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PHONE 1470. FORT ST.
Opposite Catholic Church.
American Factors
Ltd. «rt(8vfitvt*t(S\T«vr«\Tr»t('i\Tf*\tf«\T/»C«

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and Oriental, Read -fp Wholesale and Commission Mer
chants, Insurance MERCHANT
ESTABLISHED 189S "]£"
TAILORS
PRINTED IN JAPANESE & ENGUSH T
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6 mo. 5.25 PUBLISHERS
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU, HAWAII. September, 1924 No. 9

J apan Thru the Eyes of a University of Hawaii Student

THE pilgrimage to Japan has been GEORGE SAKAMAKI, the writer of worship is a sacred institution. It is
made. Although well-connected this article, has doubtless thought more not an easy matter for Americans,
as to incidents it seems more like a about international friendship than most therefore, to readily understand the na
dream than a reality. We spent over young men of his age. He was the win tures of a people tempered for centuries
ner of the Friend Peace Scholarship in
six weeks in Japan, observing, study in this spirit of ancestor and emperor-
1922, writing on the subject America and
ing, exchanging ideas, and talking above Japan—Hawaii's part in Friendliness or worship.
petty differences, emphasizing the great Conflict. We saw much that was very pleasant
factors in the friendship and goodwill It seemed more than coincidence, there and wonderful. Naturally our hosts
between our nation and Japan, besides fore, that he should be chosen one of two always intended that we see the best.
enjoying the wonderfully generous a;id students to represent the University of Ha I say "naturally" because it is just as
well-known Japanese hospitality. \\ e waii on a student pilgrimage of friendship to human to have that desire as is the
have returned with a mass of interest Japan last summer. Eight universities, seven philosophy that moves any man to show
from the Pacific Coast, were represented.
ing material, hard to formulate but his friends the best things about his
Now that the trip has been made, he
capable of worth-while interpretation. home. No one would dream of lead
says, it seems more like a dream than a
Whether or not history was made, we reality. But dreams are the stuff that great ing his house guests to the back gar
do not know. In any event friendly things are made of, and permanent friend den if it were full of weeds and wastes
contacts were made, not only betwec.i ship between America and Japan, and ulti when there were more pleasant things
students of two great nations, but mately between all the nations of the earth, to show. Of course we have eyes and
among the visiting group, who, because will yet be accomplished. ears so that the "back garden" was
of an unusual opportunity for a splen not wholly hidden from our observa
Tokugawa reign was further taught in
did friendship, achieved the ideal. tion.
their schools, modeled after the auto
We found it very difficult to per Yokohama and Tokio are complete
cratic Germans, and in their family
ceive and interpret at a glance what in their destruction. Where towered
life where the head was absolute mas
actually lay under the surface of Jap two of Japan's leading cities now stand
ter. They were taught to repeat or
anese life. Though physically small, imitate, not to think for themselves. two wretched groups of barracks, gaunt
Japan has problems that in scope are A pretty thorough supervision it was. spectres of what were once Japan's
vastly broad. We visited her at a cru A certain degree of Oriental reserve pride. How terrifyingly ghastly must
cial time when she was undergoing a and modesty is good, but it should be have been the scene in which help
radical transition, amid the clash of regulated so as not to cause a loss of less man was stricken without warn
feudalism and industrialism, of East control should freedom prove a temp ing by forces uncombatable. Tears be
and West. Our minds are naturally tation. Another reason for our diffi fogged my eyes at the sight of the
clouded with confusion and perplexi culty was the fact that we could not ruins, and as I think of it now the
ties. Many of our impressions are speak the Japanese language, so that truth strikes me more strongly than it
bound to be individual, perhaps faulty, our medium of expression was English, did even then that the Japanese people
and our viewpoints prejudiced. How the mother-tongue to us but foreign were indeed sincerely thankful for
ever, we feel that the trip has been an to them. America's spontaneous and generous
"eye-opener"—a liberal education, in It is also interesting to note that help immediately following the holo
itself, and that a good note has been many remnants of Japan's own peculiar caust, and that the American-Japanese
struck for the cause of international civilization were naturally incongruous friendly relationship was an assured
friendship between America and Japan. to our Western minds, and while we thing for a while, at least, only to be
One of the reasons why it is so diffi tried not to do so, many times we were disturbed by the action of our Congress
cult to understand the Japanese may affected by preconceived prejudices. on the Immigration. Rill.
be their Oriental lack of frankness. I This, of course, was our weakness. As to the terrible Korean massacres
am not criticizing this trait of the Then, too, the governments them during the devastation, the Japanese
Japanese, as many of them were very- selves are different. America is a Re people are fully aware of their unpar
frank ; neither am I supporting Amer public, Japan a constitutional monar donable crime. They brought hell to
ican frankness because American frank chy. In principle the emperor is of di themselves by succumbing to animal
ness many times tends toward impo vine right and is a perfect personifica madness. While we condemn them, we
liteness. Their inherited suppression tion of sovereignty. Thus, he is not should not forget that America her
for two and a half centuries under the liable under human lrfws. Emperor- self "lives in a glass house." How our
216 THE FRIEND September, 1924

country would treat the unfortunate

negroes of the South in a crisis of fire
and earthquake when in more normal
times she "tars and feathers" them is
problematic indeed.
As guests of the Yokohama Cham
ber of Commerce and the Tokyo Im
perial University we were told of some
of the difficulties they were facing,
and of the reconstruction work and
plans that, if successfully carried out.
would build an even greater Tokyo and
Yokohama. As we walked through
the cities we could not help but feel
a thrilling stir among the bustling peo
ple ever busily engaged in the job
of restoration which at best will take
many long and patient years. If only
more of America could see, not only
hear and read, the truth would move
her to an even more gracious giving The American student group at Miyajima, a noted beauty spot of Japan.
and sympathetic understanding for a
race of people who are inherently kind
and loving, but circumstantially in de Then came the catastrophe of last to say that Japan must still believe tl"
pressing straits. September. The nationalists began the Golden Rule is lived to some extent
preaching that America's help was a in America and realizes that such acts
It is surprising how the Japanese
bluff, that America was feeding Japan are not the voice of the American people
people look up to American leadership
with one hand and would soon strike at heart but are demonstrations of a
and things American. "They have made
her with the other. Then the Immi small group playing politics and looking
a wonderful stride forward in the last
gration Bill that "staggered her as only to selfish ends, and that ultimately
three score and a half years toward
the blow of a friend can stagger," fol Truth will find its way and a better un
what is generally termed progress and lowed, and she paused to question the derstanding heal the sore. America is
modern civilization. This has evoked wisdom of her faith in us. The Pan- young in the game of international dip
the admiration of the world. Thus the Asia movement was given a rousing lomatic transactions. She is not very
school that would have nothing to do boost and mutual sympathy was ex tactful, we must admit. Likened unto a
with the Occidental civilization was changed among these nations of the child, she is not free from mistake?,
given every impetus. The government Orient. especially when she has to deal with
itself took more and more the form of Naturally the recent Immigration Ex such a unique problem as that of
the West." At times this was in such clusion Bill was the most discussed topic Americanizing numerous foreign ele
strong evidence that we could hardly of the day. Hardly was there a meet ments within her border. Our govern
believe that we were not in America. ing at which we did not dwell upon it. ment is by no means perfect. Neither
The World War gave Japan added faith Japan thinks that she will never forget is Japan perfect. "He who is sinle>-
that she must adopt every Occidental what she terms an "unjust treatment" among you, let him throw the first
way of doing things. She had her head until it be eradicated. Each state has stone." America has much to learn.
up, proudly prancing around in the the sovereign right to limit immigra She has a conscience, however, that
west because she of all Oriental nations tion—that is granted. But the Japan is her master and very essence, and
was most Occidental. America she con ese rightly claim that this limitation nothing short of right or just will
sidered the height of perfection and ought to be based upon "common in long endure. We think the action
her civilization she imitated freely. tellectual, physical, political and moral of our Congress was not based on
Many years have passed now since qualifications and upon no other race prejudice so much as on ignorance
the War closed. Her unmolested pros ground." Her national pride has been and inexperience. America did what
perity began to fail. The world dis hurt. America paid no attention to she thought best, but if this is an un
approved of some of her actions and Japan's expressed intention to adhere necessary sowing of seeds of hatred ani!
frankly said so. The Japanese students strictly to the "Gentlemen's Agreement" misunderstanding, we do not want it.
were fascinated by the fourteen points and openly neglected international Both America and Japan must allow
set forth by Woodrow Wilson but the amenities, thereby jeopardizing the his for the frailty of human nature and try
actions of our Congress destroyed all toric American-Japanese friendship of to catch each other's viewpoint with
their hopes. The cause of Christianity some seventy years. What a display honest and disinterested eyes.
was injured and Japan's faith in na of American "unreserved frankness" Japan hopes for a real international
tionalism strengthened. The Washing this was! Yet Japan greeted us with ism and good-will some day. We do,
ton Arms Conference helped to patch a smile and an open hand. What ex too. "But as long as we American
this break somewhat. planation can we make of this except people persist in 'throwing a wrench'
September, 1924 THE FRIEND 217

tions mentioned above, are becoming

better with every passing year.
The poor farmers toil day after day
with backs bent under the scorching
sun or drenching rain. What is the
reward of these folk in whom lie the
veritable strength of the Japanese
race? Too often just a hand to
mouth existence —a miserable portion of
the crop his own labor produces. There
are 5,500,000 peasant families with but
2.5 acres of arable land for each aver
age family of 4.5 persons. If Japan
yields to foreign industry the right to
purchase land, she will be lost beyond
hope. With the population increasing
700,000 annually, with only 15 per cent
of the total land area (which is no
greater than the State of California)
A Japanese dinner. Mr. N. C. Coleman, standing, is offering grace. cultivatable. with her great land own
ers and heavy taxes, with sixty yen to
into every piece of machinery that tends labor and against the capital of Amer raise twelve "koku" of rice on one
toward international good will, that day ica, and other nations. acre of land, the farmers' condition
will not come." Financially she is poor. She has a may be termed "very bad." With all
weak market, her prices are high, her her rice fields, Japan is obliged to im
Some people argue that because Ja
wages low. and her population is in port 4.000.000 "koku" of rice every
pan mistreats Korea she has no right to
creasing rapidly. Ninety per cent of year from China, India and the United
protest against her American treatment.
the Japanese families are living on less States. Five million "koku." however,
This argument is futile. Japan looks
than 250 yen a year, we were told. are annually squandered in the making
up to America for leadership. America
Man power is not much economized. of sake, their national beverage. (A
is leading the way and she must do so
Too many people are yet beasts of bur koku is approximately eight bushels.)
rightly.
den, slaves to a slow, toilsome and. Prices fluctuate freely, the large crop
The outcome of this disruption of
many times, inefficient process of labor. price being nineteen yen and the price
relations has caused Japan to come to
Many waste their prime in military between seasons of harvest sixty-two
the realization that there is. after all, yen. The average price is thirty yen.
service, others are youngsters called
a lot in her native civilization , and Is it strange that there should be rest
upon to fill a man-sized shoe before they
though she will not foolishly fall hack have had their share of "kid" days. We less "rice riots?"
to the pre-Meiji nor the pre-Kamakura understood, however, that the condi (Continued on page 222)
fapan, she will not stubbornly try to
keep pace with her "loose-fitting geta
against the tight-fitting shoe." Today
Japan is baffled as to just how much
Occidental influence will be good for
her in working harmony with her own
civilization. She is perplexed, groping.
This was evident in most phases of the
national life with which we came in
contact. Rut this is not to say that she
dislikes things American. Far from it.
Japan still adores America and craves
her friendship in spite of the persistent
anti-Japanese agitation, for she knows
the real heart of the American people to
be warm and catholic. America to them
is a representative Christian nation and
friend. It behooves us to give her more
attention and consideration.
Industrially Japan seems to be in a
sad plight. She has not sufficient nat
ural resources for the calls of a gov
ernment of her power. In addition she
must compete against cheap Chinese A representative Japanese student nroup, taken at Gotemba.
218 THE FRIEND September, 1924

Let our readers, Protestant, Catho

The Bible in the School
OOIS lic, or Jew, or of other faiths, send to
us the fundamental truths suitable in
A GIFT by the Castle sisters of we call conscience—which may be their opinion for this school code.
Bibles and supplementary books crude or cultivated, but which is the Send one suggestion or many. Word
makes it possible to give greater stress essence of every system of morals be each exactly as you think it should
to religious instruction at Punahou cause of its part in the mind of every be taught. Keep ever in mind that in
School this year. The book list will man. the schools are children of other re
include the best in modern religious No sane person will deny the neces ligions than the one you profess and
literature. Dr. A. W. Palmer prepared sity for all—regardless of creed—to therefore suggest nothing that can
a hundred selections from the Rible aid in the development of that funda offend them.
for the use of the school. These se mental force. Let us of every creed lay aside for
lections are being printed in the Cen An education solely in the material the moment all strife. Let us all con
tral Union calendar each Sunday. things of life is surely incomplete. centrate on finding a universal moral
The subject of the Bible in the The young mind must be impressed at code that will lead our children into
schools is one which is receiving more the same time with the fundamentals upright, useful, and happy lives.
than usual consideration at this time. of what constitutes right and wrong. It is Collier's intention, after a first
President F. E. Midkiff of Kameha- These fundamentals are the same in careful selection has been made from
meha Schools, and a member of an all religions. These are the founda the suggestions sent in by our readers,
Inter-Church Federation Committee on tion of principles as distinguished to submit the selections to leaders of
religious instruction in the public from theology on which the Protestant, the Protestants, Catholics, and Jews
schools, spoke recently at the Normal the Catholic, the Jew, the Mohamme What these men unanimously ap
School to a group of teachers in train dan, the Buddhist have built their prove as being wise to teach to our
ing. Elsewhere in Honolulu and faith. children, we shall next offer to educa
throughout the territory consideration Why not carefully select these tional associations. Surely their mem
is being given to this much needed fundamentals and then, submit them to bers, every earnest in well doing, will
phase of education. persons of all faiths, and finally have then carry the Moral Code into every
such as are approved by all hung on school.
On the mainland the subject is being And Colliers will also print a few
brought to public attention in several the walls of every public schoolroom?
Who could possibly object to teach extra hundred thousand copies of that
striking ways. Collier's Weekly is Moral Code for distribution in other
advocating a "Moral Code Plan" which ing our children the dishonorableness
of lying and cheating and the wisdom places than schools.
has been approved by a group of We have a suspicion that it will
prominent religious leaders of various of being truthful; the joy of service;
the happiness in being kind to and hurt none of us to go once more, and
denominations. These include Dr. often thereafter, to the school of
MacFarland, F e d e r a 1 Council of thoughtful of others; the Tightness of
honoring and obeying parents ; the righteousness and learn of its truths
Churches ; Rabbi Silverman, Jewish ; and its beauty and its human satis
necessity for curbing vanity, greed!
Dr. Huget, Congregational ; Cardinals faction as expressed in that Moral
O'Connell and Hayes, Catholic; Bishop and rudeness ; the strength—to borrow
a phrase from David Starr Jordan—■ Code.
Manning, Episcopal ; Dr. Straton and
of being clean ?
Dr. McDaniel, Baptist; Bishop Mc-
Connell, Methodist; Dr. S. A. Eliot It is not enough to leave this train Endorsing the above suggested plan
and C. H. Strong, Unitarian ; Dr. ing to parents and Sunday Schools. three great churchmen wrote as fol
Kubel. Lutheran ; C. P. Smith. Chris This is particularly true in large cities lows to Collier's :
tian Science ; Dr. Macartney and Dn where family conditions are often ab-> Federal Council Approves
Keigwin. Presbyterian, and Dr. Clark) normal.
It is true that in many homes the I for one am glad to see this prop
Christian Endeavor.
moral code is taught, both by precept osition of formal moral training of
Addressing its leading editorial "To the children in the schools of America
and. in the best of all ways, example
Mothers and Fathers and to Every made a public question by a large
of the parents. But in many others
One of Our Readers, of Every Faith, publication.
there has been a slackening—resulting
of Every Denomination." Collier's
in a growing moral dullness which While in schools throughout the
says :
bodes no good to the nation. country some sort of moral training is
Because of our differing beliefs, re Our readers in small towns or the given, so far as my experience goes
ligious teaching has been barred from country may find it difficult to believe it is rather incidental and disconnected.
many of our public schools. This has that there are millions of children who There is a crying need, as police court
resulted—quite unwisely and unnec never see the inside of a Sunday- statistics and the general evidence of a
essarily, as it seems to us—in there School, but it is a fact. lack of clean-cut moral thinking among
being little or no moral training for Is it wise to leave these without our younger people show, for the in
our children in those schools. any training in a moral code? Are the troduction and teaching of a definite
Concerning supernatural religion, three R's more important than the moral standard, without any controver
men differ and divide; but natural re- knowledge of right and wrong? sial religious implications, that will be
ligion lives in every human being. It How shall we select these Funda acceptable to the parents of the chil
is evidenced in that moral guide which mentals? Here is our suggestion: dren, regardless of denomination.
 September, 1924 THE FRIEND 219

I am inclined to think that such pro

cedure might have the effect of devel The Christianity onXrial in the Orient
oping stronger principles and moral By DR. K. C. LEEBRICK
character in the teaching force of our
schools.
AN AMERICAN making his first life and tourists. The Orientals ob
I shall be willing to cooperate with
trip to the Oriental countries re serving these persons would quite nat
Collier's in any way possible.
ceives many impressions and his mind urally get many ideas of Christianity
CHARLES S. MacFARLAND, ' finds so many points of contrast with from the conduct and life of these
General Secretary, Federal Council the civilization under which he is liv individuals.
of the Churches of Christ in ing, that it is difficult to be sure that Third. Orientals who have visited
America. impressions received are as accurate as the Occident gain impressions of Oc
impressions received by travel within cidental civilization and after a longer
< An Episcopalian's View his own country. With this in mind, I or shorter time return to the Orient
Your proposal is one of the highest am speaking from a basis of impres and interpret Occidental civilization to
importance and should have the sup sions without making assertions of fact their people. These interpretations are
port of all right-thinking people. Upon —simply stating things as they im often very accurate but seem odd to
the moral training of our children, our pressed me this summer. Occidentals because we sometimes do
life as a nation depends. The only The first point I wish to make is not look at things from the same point
sufficient basis for mortality is religion. that I found that most persons with of view as, for instance, a person from
It is belief in the Living God, sense whom I talked in the Orient, especially China or an individual from Japan.
of responsibility to Him and to His leaders and students in the universities, Fourth. Students and others read
Law, which makes the moral law a identified our civilization directly with many Occidental books and papers and
reality and a power in our lives. Christianity. They feel that ours is a form their opinion of America from
For this indispensable religious Christian civilization and that our whatever printed matter happens to
foundation of morality we must depend institutions, our manner of living, our come to their attention. If one bears
chiefly upon our homes and our political life and our economic life are in mind the range of reading matter
churches, but we should most cer all Christian products. When they possible, one can see how confusion is
tainly require our schools to inculcate think of America they think of it as apt to arise. In addition to this, many
those moral laws and principles of a Christian country, and those who Oriental books have been written upon
which religion is the foundation and have not visited our country think that various aspects of Western civiliza-1
support. all Americans are Christians in about tion, and their own books, papers and
WILLIAM T. MANNING, the sense we think of Christians only magazines are constantly attempting
Bishop of New York. as church members. to interpret, in an unbiased or biased
One can understand that if they have way, our civilization to Orientals.
Man Cannot Work Alone this impression it is difficult for Ori A fifth source is from motion
It is an encouraging sign that the entals to understand many things that pictures and the least said about what
people of this country are now awak-i happen in American political and eco they learn from this avenue the better:
ening to the vital need of moral train nomic life and in our foreign relations A Christian traveling in the Orient
ing in education. Less than a century because they are not in accordance would naturally be interested and im
ago the present practice in American with Christian teachings such as they pressed by the Oriental religions and
education was inaugurated. The advo have been accustomed to hear from methods of worship. One at once real
cates of the discontinuance of the missionaries and to read in our Chris izes that the Orient has not one, but
teaching of religion did not forsee the tian literature. many religions, and that some of
inevitable consequences of the new It might be well to briefly summar these religions have many forms, so
policy. Today the confidence of the ize the sources from which the Orient it is difficult to understand why the
past has become doubt and fear has gained this impression of Chris educated Oriental should criticize the
for the future. There is an insistent tianity. lack of unity in Christianity when the
call that something be done at once to First. Through Christian work done religion to which he adheres probably
safeguard the moral sense of the youth in the Orient by missionaries. It is is practiced under more forms than are
of America. well to bear in mind that missionary major sect among the Christian re
The admission of an evil is half the work has been done under many creeds ligion.
cure. The general dissatisfaction, ex and by many sects, and therefore the The methods of worship also seemed
pressed frequently and publicly, with Oriental does not gain the impression strange. In Japan it is most interest
the character product of American of Christianity as a unity but as a re ing to see crowds walking through a
schools and colleges shows a change ligion of divergent aiid often antagonis beautiful park and upon approaching
of thought in the right direction. How tic groups. a shrine, to cleanse their hands and
wholesome and how promising is the Second. From Occidentals who live mouths with running water before
present demand of honest and earnest or travel in the Orient. Under this one standing in front of an image that may
men and women for more emphasis on would include naturally the mission or may not be in sight, and bow cere
moral training at every stage of the aries and also persons in commercial moniously, after first clapping the
educational process ! Let the hope be hands to attract the attention of the
expressed that discussion, study, and * (Dictated from notes used for a talk
made at Central Union Church on August deity, and then, after throwing coppers
(Continued on page 222) 27, 1924.) into a box, to quietly leave. As I
220 THE FRIEND September, 1924

stood and watched this in many places wonders why Catholicism has not missionaries was as fine a group of
I wondered if such worship was satis made greater advances than it has in young men and women as one would
fying, and cannot help wondering if the Orient, and one is led to wonder if desire to meet anywhere, and they
our religious exercises are too long more formality in worship and more were bitterly disappointed that the
and too complicated, and too far re-> dignity than is customary in the aver work had not been more successful.
moved from nature. My own feeling age Protestant church, would help to I wish to comment upon the relation
is that the Oriental system of worship win these people to Christianity. It between nationalism and Christianity
would not satisfy most Occidentals. is a question I shall not attempt to as I heard this commented on in the
I also recall temples in centers of answer. Orient. In Japan there was a con
crowded amusement parks. Many of At the time I was in the Orient siderable demand for Japanese leader
the shrines are dingy, dark, and, be there was much talk of Christianity ship in their Christian work, and for
cause of the crowds who were con teaching race pride and race prejudice. financing of missionary and educational
tinually passing, did not have an air The attitude of a Christian civilization work within Japan. Many groups wen-
of cleanliness of spaciousness. My im-< in excluding Orientals from their coun demanding that schools and churches
pression of Chinese shrines is that many try and its attitude toward Orientals refuse to accept further contributions
are actually unclean and a very great who live within Christian countries from abroad, especially from America
many of them in need of repair. I has proven this fact to them whereas A number of leaders felt that Chris
spoke to one high religious official at they say that the Bible teaches the tian work ought to be carried on by
one shrine in Japan, commenting upon brotherhood of man. and that Christian the Japanese themselves. Some of
this, and asked why the shrines were civilizations are not practicing this. these leaders fear the influence of
not kept in better repair. His answer It is difficult to estimate the num Christianity taught by the nationalists
was that they built the shrines as best ber of Christians in. the Orient. There of other counrties. They think it un
they could and if the gods did not are comparatively few Occidentals or becoming that explanation of national
keep them in repair that was their Europeans who are church members, policies be carried on by one strong
fault. living in the Orient— 1 mean few in national state within another strong
The crowds of worshippers who ap proportion to the immense Oriental national state.
pear before these shrines made one population. In China many of these same thing*
wonder, however, whether it would The figures on the number of Orien-' were true. In addition the great extra-
not make religion more real to us if tabs who are Christians seem discour territorality question, especially as it
we erected altars and churches in aging because one feels that for the concerned churches and schools, we be
pleasure parks and had shrines dis effort made, there ought to be more ing severely criticized. Many leaders.
tributed everywhere, such as crosses, Oriental Christians. A little thought, political and religious, did not hesitate
symbols of the resurrection, of hope however, leads one to remember that to state it was un-Christian-like. and
and love, and one wonder how impor these figures include only Orientals an unwarranted expression of Ameri
tant symbols are. They seem to be who are church members and it would can or European, nationality within
very important in the visible worship be no more fair to say that only those China, and there ^as an urgent de
in the Orient. who are active church members in mand that missionary and educational
In comparing Christianity with what America arc Christians, than it would effort be placed under the control of
little I saw of Oriental religions, I be to say that Christianity has spread China.
recognized that Christianity lacked in the Orient only to those who have The problem is slightly different in
unity but also realized that their re joined churches. Korea. Many Japanese feel that the
ligions also had this fault. In the Two concrete illustrations of Chris insurrection against the |apaix*se a
Orient veneration for the past seems to tian missionary work in the Orient short time ago was the result of the
be exceedingly important—inscriptions came directly to my attention. I found teachings of one Christian church, and
by saints, mementos or souvenirs of that in Tokyo the Salvation Army had they did not hesitate to say that Chris
great and esteemed persons rilled the added about fifteen hundred active tian work in Korea was inimical to
temples. The past was always pres Christians to its rolls within the last the safety of Japan in the Peninsula.
ent in all of the shrines. It was al year, that is, since the earthquake and The Japanese policy in Korea is to
most worship of the past. fire. This organization is certainly make their rule as attractive to the
Orientals commenting upon Chris doing a wonderful piece of work. An Koreans as possible and their desire i?
tianity, spoke of its nationalistic and example of discouraging results was to make Korea an autonomous part
its war-like qualities in contrast to the given by a fine group of missionaries of the Japanese empire. One of the
peaceful teachings of many of the re of the Mormon faith who were return methods by which they hope to do thi-
ligions of the Orient. I listened to ing to America on the ship on which is through identifying the Korean re
many discussions which identified Chris I returned to Honolulu. They reported ligion with Japanese worship. A beau
tianity with the recent catastrophe in that the Mormon church was abandoning tiful and magnificent temple is being
Europe, and with the race for arma missionary work in Japan after twenty- built on a hill in Eeoul for this pur
ments and the policies of big navies five years' of effort, during which time pose.
and large armies. These people are they had put in approximately two I desire to make only one comment
sincere in believing that Christianity is hundred fifty years of individual mis on Christianity in the Philippines, and
militaristic in many of its phases. sionary effort. The resulting church this not for the purpose of creating
Christianity to many of the Orien membership was between one hundred discussion but provoking thought. 1
tals, semes to lack formality, so one and one hundred fifty. The group of was in the Philippines during the
 September, 1924 THE FRIEND 221

was much discussion as to whether it time the Democratic Convention was with their own civilization and person
would be possible to elect a person of being held in New York, when there alties, Christianity would not long be
the Catholic faith to the Presidency of could agree upon this and then do our on trial in the orient, but would be
the United States, and when certain best to explain these essentials, and come much of an active force, and
newspapers were saying in positive only the essentials, to people of the would soon become disassociated with
terms that a Catholic was not quite a Orient, and then help them to build up nationalism, which to them carries an
trustworthy citizen. In the Philippines their own worship and observance of implication of force and of economic
I found that the places of the Spanish these Christian principles in accordance aggression.
priests have been largely taken by a
tine group of American Catholic
churchmen. These men are doing a
wonderful service wherever I saw them
"A Mobilization Day for Peace
*in the Philippine Islands. I heard them
bitterly criticized by certain Filipinos AS A FAR more constructive and this imperative task. This would be a
because they were too "pro-American" more needed measure than the fitting tribute to those who gave their
and were interfering with the Filipino "Mobilization Day" planned by the lives in the World War."
progress toward independence. It was War Department, the Federal Council The following suggestions are made
rather curious to find Catholicism un of Churches, through its Commission of concrete ways in which the churches
der suspicion in the minds of some on International Justice and Goodwill, can make a strong impact upon the
people in the United States and to find is suggesting a "mobilization" of all whole community.
it considered too nationally American the forces working for peace. The 1. Let the churches of each city in
in the Philippine Islands. date proposed for such a demonstra September approach Chambers of Com
I cannot help but wonder what will tion is the anniversary of Armistice merce. Labor Organizations, American
be the outcome of Christian work in Day, November 11, and the week in Legion Posts, Women's, Rotary, Ki-
which it falls. wanis and other clubs and groups,
the Orient and of the criticisms of
All the churches, pastors and con proposing a joint Committee on Armis
Chri.stian.ity that one hears everywhere
gregations of the country are urged to tice Day Observance to set up a great
there. Will the Oriental people grad
participate in this interdenominational public Mass Meeting.
ually modify the Christian church to movement for the observance of 2. During the preceding week, (No
suit their ideas and to adapt it to their Armistice Day as a time for unitedly vember 3-8) let them provide if pos
conditions? An interesting bit of work focussing the attention of the churches sible for many discussion and study
is being done by General Yamamura upon the task of ridding the world of groups. Let them consider
of the Salvation Army in Tokyo, who war. (a) The costs, the human
is printing extracts from the Bible in Preliminary plans have already been losses and the tragedy of war;
Japanese, explaining these and then announced in a folder entitled "A Call (b) The results of the treaty
using examples from Japanese life, to 150.000.000 Churches to Mobilize of Versailles ;
tradition and history to apply the for World Justice and World Peace."
(c) The alternatives ahead of
teachings of the Bible to the life of the More detailed suggestions, including
the world ;
Japanese people. In China an inter helpful material for pastors, are given
in a large pamphlet now in press, en (d) The signs of hope: the
esting experiment has been carried on
titled "The Churches of America Mo World Court, the League of Na
near Nanking, where an old temple is
bilizing for World Justice and World tions, American cooperation with
being used as a house of Christian
Peace." the Humanitarian Commissions of
worship. "Those who come in search the League, the Dawes Report,
of religious truth find a lotus pond, a The appeal from the Federal Council
the American "Draft Treaty of
temple bell, a guest room, Buddhist and of Churches for this mobilization for
Disarmament and Security ;"
Christian symbols and incense burning peace begins as follows :
on the altar behind which is the pic (e) The next step toward
"Six years have passed since the
ture of Christ in Gethsemane. The world justice and peace based on
Armistice brought the fighting of the
object is to discover and to use as law.
World War to an end. But permanent
much in Buddhism as is not out of World Peace and national security are 3. On Sunday, November 9, let
harmony with the Christian spirit, and still to be achieved. sermons be preached in all the
to provide a place where, among fa "Great church assemblies have re churches on the call to the churches
miliar surroundings, Buddhists may cently issued stirring calls to their of America to mobilize for world jus
learn of Christ." (One can find the members to grapple with the stupend tice and peace.
story of this experiment told by Dan ous task of over-throwing the war- 4. Let the subject be presented in
iel Joseph Fleming under the title system of the world and to outlaw and all Sunday Schools, in ten-minute talks
"Open-Minded Christianity" in. the banish war. by gifted speakers. These short ad
June number of "Asia"). "The Federal Council of the dresses should be positive and construc
The final thought I want to leave Churches now suggests that all tive, rather than merely denunciatory
with you is that over and over again churches, pastors and congregations in and negative.
the question was asked, directly and the United States observe the anni 5. ( )n Sunday or Monday evening,
by implication of the writer as to what versary of the Armistice as an appro November 9 or 10, Sunday Schools
was essential in Christianity. If we priate time to mobilize their forces for and Young People's Societies might
222 THE FRIEND September, 1924

put on an "Armistice Day Pageant," edly, the great lack in our public coconuts and other interesting trees are
(Can be secured from the Federal schools today is adequate instruction striking in their ensemble.
Council of Churches). in fundamental morality. The foun The adjacent country is full of his
6. On Tuesday, November 11, let tain of true morality is the Bbile. toric interest. It was from a point
near Kealakekua that Kapiolani began
a great Mass Meeting be held under When, therefore, I advocate the teach
her famous pilgrimage of defiance to
the joint auspices of Religion, Com ing of morality, I mean the teaching the volcano. Under the landing at Kai
merce, Labor, Women and Young of the Bible. lua is said to be the stone on which
People, with one principal speaker to I recall the verses of the Scriptures the missionaries first stepped when
utter the aspirations of our people for which were written by our teacher they landed in 1820.
permanent world peace and to point out across the blackboard of the little brick
constructive and practicable plans for schoolhouse on the hillside. It is sad
its achievement. that these great statements of God's
word have slowly been erased from
Japan Thru the Eyes of
the blackboards of our public schools. a University Student
The Bible in the Schools Any effort which has for its purpose (Continued from page 217)
(Continued from page 219) the reestablishment of moral instruc
tion, based on the Word of God, de
serves the support and prayers of all Seventy per cent of all Japanese
experience will soon open the minds of
good citizens. "Except the Lord build farmers are tenants. Big farmers are
all men of good will to the only solu
the house, they labor in vain that growing fat at the expense of the
tion of this fundamental problem of
build it. Except the Lord keep the small farmers who are forced to be
life.
city, the watchman waketh but in come tenants or go to the cities. In
The consideration, of the question of
vain." the silk-producing regions, seventy per
moral training seems centered at pres
C. E. MACARTNEY. cent to ninety-five per cent of the land
ent on the discovery within the indi
Moderator, the Presbyterian Church is owned by land owners on an ab
vidual himself of the secret of virtuous
in the United States of America. sentee-owner system. The total land
living. Each man is to use his active
tax amounts to 70,000,000 yen and this
and latent powers of conscience and
goes toward the upkeep of tbe army
build unto himself a law of life. Hu Of great interest is the announce
and navy. There is keen agitation now
man minds are to unite in- this mo ment that the Daughters of Hawaii
mentous investigation for the develop may assume responsibility for the re to use this revenue in promoting
ment of a form of conduct which can storation of the royal palace at Kailua, agriculture.
be applied effectively in the affairs of Hawaii. It was here that the late King Labor organizations are being de
men. Kalakaua, last male monarch of Ha veloped rapidly. Mr. Kagawa, fore
waii, often held court. The building is most labor leader, informed us at
The ambition is not new in the
one of the few remaining landmarks
world. The philosophers of old re Gotemba that trade unions cannot be
linking the Hawaiian monarchy with
flected and pondered with the identical organized and made successful until
the modern Aremican territory, and
end and purpose. With superior in while in an advanced stage of decay, Christian principles are introduced into
telligence and with admirable effort is capable of restoration. The grounds industry on a more extensive scale than
they sought an explanation of life, a are particularly picturesque. Fine old at present.
motive for correct living, and a stand
ard of honorable conduct. Where are
their findings today?
What man constructs for his own
satisfaction he tears down at his own
convenience and pleasure. Human na
ture cannot be uplifted by its own
boot-straps. Human nature rises only
in the sublime realization of the fact
that life is a gift of God and that
faith, love, and obedience to God are
the abiding obligations of this earthly
pilgrimage. In this truth man finds
motive, purpose, and objective which
completely satisfy his soul. Nothing
less suffices in the ordering of life's
duties and responsibilities. There can
be no morality without religion.
WILLIAM CARDINAL O'CONNELL,'
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Boston.

The Movement Deserves Support

I believe that the fear of the Lord
is the beginning of wisdom. Undoubt- Two old Hawaiian churches and new Sunday School rooms, Kona and Waimea.
 September, 1924 THE FRIEND 223

The main current of the revolu pitiful conditions in which the people about their amalgamation at once. I
tionary move is Bolsheviki, which eked out a living. In Kobe, Osaka am of the opinion, however, that in
wishes to change the whole system. and other large cities, sixty per cent or the course of time they will come very
Pacificism is also strong, and Tolstoy's 600 out of every 1.000 children die. close to each other. I admit that Budd
works are very popular. Socialists and The people are learning, though slow hism has its shortcomings, just as Shin
Anarchists who protest against mili ly, to reduce the causes of such dis toism or Christianity in this country
tarism are quite interesting for they tress by awakening public conscious have, but we Japanese have an im
favor violence in attaining ends in ness through proper education. mense capacity for adaptation and as
strikes. (Propaganda is strictly for Religiously, also, Japan is in a state similation and are capable of absorbing
bidden by the government). of chaos. Buddhism, Shintoism and all that is good in the three religions.
In Osaka, Kobe, Xagoya and other Christianity are the important faiths of The aim of religion is to purify and
cities where modern machinery has Japan. Buddhism is very powerful. It beautify the life of mankind and, to
* displaced the more primitive methods; is characterized by its noble spirit and use the Christian term, "create heaven
thousands of farm hands, especially ideals, and profound philisophy. The on earth."
women, are congregated in small quar Buddhist speaks of his God as an im Christianity has indirectly done a
ters, giving rise to serious economic personal being but worships him as tremendous lot of good for Japan. Its
problems. There are 2,500.000 labor a personal God. Philosophically- fundamentals have taken root and its
ers in the factories and 1,000.000 weav inclined men turn to Buddhism while elevating influence is felt in both pri
ers, mostly women, who work in the ethically-inclined men turn to Confu vate and public life. Church member
fields during the day and weave at cianism, and hence to Christianity. ship, however, fell short of expecta
night, subordinating the precious busi Shintoism, being a primitive religion, tions.
ness of family life. The cotton indus is rapidly losing prestige. Both Shin
toism and Buddhism, however, stimu The Kosuge Prison in Tokyo is a
try claims 250,000 workers, most of
lated by Christianity, have been awak good example of Christian work. It
whom are girls between seventeen and
ened from a somewhat dormant state held twelve hundred long-term prison
twenty-five years of age. There are
during recent years. ers at the time of the disaster a year
twenty cotton mills in Osaka alone.
Christianity was introduced into Ja ago. The walls crumbled but nary a
The silk industry is centered just north
pan in the sixteenth century. Many- man attempted to escape. Why ? Be
of Tokyo. In Okaya. a strictly manu
years later many of the missionaries cause Governor Shirosuke Arima and
facturing town, 40,000 girls are em
made unreasonable appeals to the in Vice-Governor Asama, who had charge
ployed. Living conditions here are
telligence of the Japanese people in the of the prisons were sincere Christians
very bad. Of the 180.000 workers in
and practiced Christian principles in
the Kushu Coal Mines, 160.000 are interpretations of the Christian faith.
They were too often fundamentalists dealing with the prisoners, winning
women. Labor conditions here are so their grateful loyalty and love. As
very bad that there is a 130 per cent and naturally their teachings conflicted
Mr. Mujake, secretary of the Minister
labor turnover a year. with the theories of evolution and life
of Justice, said, although there were
as taught in the Imperial universities.
In the slum districts the condition no physical walls around the prison,
Dr. Ebina who was struggling with
of the laborers is appalling. The death there was a "spiritual wall" that was
this problem of evolution some thirty
rate as well as the birth rate is on the even stronger and more binding. An
years ago, revealed the existence of a
ascendant. Infant mortality was 89 other example is the mission work of
great parallel of thought between
per 1.000 in 1918 and 161 per 1.000 in Mr. Vories, of Omi Hachiman. An
America and Japan. Our leader, Mr.
1920! In Tokyo at present infant architect by profession, he takes Chris
Coleman, was also accused of being a
mortality is calculated at 70 per cent! tianity to the people through their
heretic in America thirty years ago for
Though there has been a great deal homes.
believing as Dr. Ebina did out in
of medical attention paid, it has not
Japan. Of late the modemistsic faith Mr. Kenjiro Tokutomi, a well-known
been nearly enough. The call is for
and ideas, we were informed, are be novelist, in an advice to the American
more doctors and nurses.
coming more prevalent. missionaries, said, "Suffice it to say
Some progressive leaders have that you have done your work. You
In Karizawa we found an interesting
caught the spirit of the time and are have done it well. You have suc
plan being discussed to form an alli
showing tangible results of kindly co ceeded in making Japan eat the forbid
ance of Christianity, Shintoism and
operation with labor. It was also in-» den fruit. (He meant by this Ameri
Buddhism upon the common basis of
teresting to note that many business can, democracy with Jesus Christ at
humanity and justice, under which they
people of Japan are successfully adopt its soul). You have succeeded in in
all may work together for the best
ing Wanamaker's motto : "Courtesy, troducing Jesus Christ to us. Rather
welfare of mankind. The wisdom of
Honesty and Hospitality." which is, your success lay in digging Him out,'
this is evident but its practicability I
after all, the teaching of Bushido. who had been hidden in the racial con
doubt. I do not know the situation
The Japanese are exceptionally clean well enough to discuss it. science for two hundred years, buried
personally but are yet inefficient in the The Rev. Sekizen Arai, Lord Abbot at the bottom, to rise again with us."
handling of community sanitation. Ja of the Soji Temple in Tsurumi, the There are many Japanese who are in
pan must improve her sewerage facili main temple of the Sen sect of Budd clined to believe that Jesus Christ is
ties and enforce stricter sanitation hism, in an interview with the Japan an Oriental God. The blood He shed
laws. The present conditions are ter Advertiser, is quoted as- saying, "The on Calvary's Cross is appreciated by
rible. The death rate in crowded dis three religions have their own his the Japanese who honor the shedding
tricts was but the natural result of the tories and it is impossible to bring of blood. Rev. Denshiro Hatano, Su
224 THE FRIEND September, 1924

perintendent of Missions in the "Jap Before going to Japan, we had heard Western World. Shakespeare utter
anese Methodist Church, has been that a Japanese wife did not walk be ed. "Frailty, thy name is woman."
quoted as saying that the Japanese are side her husband on the street, but fol That was not very long ago.. There
not satisfied with American Christian lowed after him. bearing what there was a distinct undercurrent of feel
ity. "It must be socialized and na was to carry ; that the choice of her ing against "convenient" family mar
tionalized. I would like to see a com husband was arranged by the parents, riage arrangements in which the
mission of Japanese missionary work with or without her consent ; that she first consideration was money. Un
ers sent to America to correct this mis was regarded as a thing to possess der the old system the woman of Ja
understanding of Christianity and to rather than as a human being with pan was under traditional subjection
propagate the true spirit of Chris rights of her own. How happy we and although she developed beautiful
tianity". were to see conditions changing as virtues of "modest self-effacement and
Possibly Christianity would have re rapidly in matters of this sort; as rap self-abnegation." yet the true and
ceived a more sympathetic response in idly as did parallel conditions in the happy relation of husband and wife, as
Japan had it been taught by Japanese
methods rather than by making it a
foreign Christianity, and too often a
misrepresented cut and dried Chris
tianity at that. When Christianity be
comes "Japanese Christianity" it will
have a stronger appeal to the Japanese
people, who have lived through many
centuries in the atmosphere of Shin-
toism and Buddhism. To make Chris
tianity successful in any country it
must be made to conform with its peo
ple. This does not mean the changing
of the spirit. The sooner many mis
sionaries realize this the sooner they
will see results forthcoming as they
should.
Dr. Ebina, President of Doshisha
University, said that he came to a be
lief in God through the study of sci
ence and history. Through his study
of science he came to learn of the
great phenomena of life and thus em
M emoria
ialS ervice forL orenzo .Lyons
braced religion, which goes hand in THE accompanying picture was mose especially as a hymn writer. His
hand with that study. He believes taken at the recent annual meet work as a school teacher has not been
that science and religion are two defi ing of the Hawaii Evangelical Asso well known. The location of the old
nite separate things interwoven one ciation at Waimea. the latter part of school house was pointed out near the
with the other in perfect harmony. Dr. August. It shows the monument grave, and two of his former pupil.-.
Ebina holds American history to be erected by the Hawaii Sunday School Mrs. S. F. Chillingworth of Honolulu
one of the finest in all the records of Association at the grave of the late
and Mrs. Lioe Kaanaana of Waimea,
man. It was largely through his study Rev. Lorenzo Lyons, who for more
were present at the services. Mr.
of American history that he came to than fifty years was a most efficient
believe more firmly in Christianity. missionary in a part of Hawaii called Desha, in. his address, pictured Father
The three great outstanding things by the Hawaiians, "Ka Aina Mauna" Lyon so clearly to the younger gen
that impressed him were, the Puritans (the mountain region). eration that they could easily imagine
of 1620. the Declaration of Independ^ how he must have appeared as he
At the closing session of the asso
ence and the Emancipation Proclama went in and out among the people with
ciation, a Memorial Service was held
tion. He greatly admired the beauty a smile upon his face and with a joy
at the grave-side, at which time hymns
of the life of the Puritans; the Decla written, by "Father" Lyons were sung. ful heart and a genial nature, min
ration of Independence he considers After a brief talk by Rev. Henry P. istering to those he loved so well.
great not so much because of its politi Judd in English, a splendid address Mr. Desha brought out the interest
cal exigence, but because it is a Chris was given by Rev. Stephen L. Desha ing fact that his body was wrapped
tian document embracing Christian in the Hawaiian language. Mr. Desha in a Hawaiian flag when it was laid
principals and ideals ; and he revers the told many anecdotes connected with to rest and that the Hawaiians felt
Emancipation Proclamation not as an the life and work of this remarkable that they had lost one of their dear
economic or even social measure, but missionary and showed how he was est friends when "Father" Lyons had
as a great spiritual message divinely highly respected by kings, chiefs and passed away. The services concluded
inspired in the heart of God-fearing common people alike. Xot only was with singing "Kuu Aina Hanau E."
men. he well known, as a missionary, but composed by this beloved missionary.
 September, 1924 THE FRIEND 225
the Bible teaches it, is what modern
Japan most needs. Christianity alone
will grant them this happiness. Christianity Has Remarkable Growth
The Japanese women are fast step By H. E. KELSEY. Hilo, Hawaii
ping out of their ancient limitations
into the world where woman shall be
TTIE rapid growth of Christianity in and the edicts removed. The age of
man's equal. We found many women *■ Japan is remarkable. In my boyhood tolerance began in Japan in December,
in business and different professions.
no barbarian "foreign devil," much less 1872. Now there is absolute religious
"What treasure chests will be opened
a hated Christian, could enter "Nippon." freedom.
when the age-long suppression has been
It is true that soon after 1542 when the Persecution and fear had up to that
lifted! The double standard in the
Portuguese Pinto discovered Japan, the time prevented even the reading of
home and in society is far from gone
Jesuits gained a large success followed Christian ideas. In all Japan in the
as yet. but there is enough of a tend
by hatred and bloody extirpation. In
ency along that road to make the out spring of 1872 there were but ten con
1853 the Dutch only had permission to verts. Then the tide turned, but it was
look bright and hopeful. Education
trade at Nagasaki. In that year Commo
of women and men also to the reali 1884 before Shintoism and Buddhism
dore Perry with four United States war
zation that women are the equals of were divested of their prerogatives as
men and their confidants in the hap ships appeared in the bay of Yedo and State religions. In 1890 Protestant
piness of life will be Japan's salva with courteous firmness began negotia church membership had reached 32,380
tion. They must also be taught that tions that, March 31, 1854, resulted in a and in 1896 38,361, mostly of educated
marriage is not the sole end of wom treaty allowing trade at two ports. Naga
people.
ankind. saki and Kanagawa. Perry's exhibit,
ships, cannon, the telegraph, and a min Tlie World Almanac states that in
Miss Kawai. foremost woman leader, Japan 12 sects of Buddhism have 71,750
iature railway shown by him, was a first
said at Gotemba. "Women cannot stay temples, 181,100 priests, and 51,511.100
lesson of years of teaching by object and
in the ancient moral levels any more believers: the 13 sects of Shintoism
than men." Xo, sire, and what is example, that foreigners were not be
nighted barbarians. It was 1859 before 171,725 shrines but only 14,900 priests.
more, they are not going to ! There are 12 forms of Christianity.
The educational system in Japan settlement was allowed even at the two
ports. Hatred of foreigners was gen Creek church 65,615. Roman Catholics
is in many respects modern and ad
eral. In 1860 the Prime Minister was 14,200, Episcopalians 16,215 Metho
vanced.
assassinated and his head exhibited at dists 13,356, Congregationalists 15,847.
"The government has a horror of The total number of Christians is not
Kyoto as that of a traitor because of that
seeing its young men full of general given. In 1919 there were 612 kinder
treaty. In 1861 the Secretary of the
and scrappy information —of education gartens, 25,625 elementary schools, and
United States legation and others were
such as we find it in India, which pre in 1920. 5 imperial universities and 11
killed and "away with foreigners" be
pares a man for being only a doctor, a
came a watchword. other institutions of university rank.
lawyer or a journalist, with the re
sult that most become political agita But missionaries (trained in China) Rev. Iliguchi here tells me that his
tors. Even in the Japanese primary followed trade; they taught by charac church has 150 active members of whose
schools we find evidences of speciali ter and bearing, learned the language, educational standing he speaks in the
zation. In towns the elements of com and brought in tracts and parts of the highest terms. I lonolulu Japanese Pro
merce and bookkeeping are given ; in testant Christians are certainly active
scriptures in Chinese which educated
the manufacturing districts ideas of and very numerous.
Japanese could read. In 1864 there was
industry, and the ends and means of
one convert. In 1869 the Emperor's The strength of Buddhism is certainly
engineering ; in agricultural districts
Councillor was assassinated for holding not among the educated. In India only
they are taught how to cultivate the
soil most efficiently ; while on the sea wicked (i.e., Christian) opinions. In 18 millions out of 313 millions can read;
coast scientific methods of catching fish 1871 Yeinosuke, the teacher of Rev. 92 per cent are illiterate. In Christian
are shown. Girls are everywhere in Orramel H. Gulick (of the Gulick fam America (where Buddhists number
structed in sewing and cooking, and in ily of Honolulu, well known to us) was 5,369) less than 6 per cent are illiterate.
many cases the elements of sericulture. imprisoned for translating Matthew and In Christian countries of Western Eu
"When we come to secondary edu Mark. Missionaries who called on the rope less than 2 per cent are illiterate.
cation, we find institutions especially Governor were informed that if Yein Surely Christianity with its belief in one
devoted to the teaching of agriculture, osuke had received Christian baptism God, a loving Father and Cause of all
commerce, engineering, fishery, naviga he could not escape the death penalty. things, not Buddhism, agnostic regard
tion. We find in addition, apprentice The matter was taken up by the United
ing God and with a belief in the transmi
ship schools, where primary school States Minister and Japan was informed
teachers are trained." that enforcement of edicts against gration of souls, will be the religion of
However, though national, educa Christianity could not be regarded with the future. The Honolulu Advertiser of
tion is not universal. Too many young indifference by the United States. Yein March 30 has a good article : "Christian
people are forced to go without higher osuke died in prison but his martyrdom ISelief Growing in Japan." The Chris
education and this higher education had gained success. His wife (im tian Herald shows that Christian com
referred to is too frequently subjected prisoned with him because she did not municants in the United States in
(Continued on page 231.) report his sin) was soon after released creased 680,000 in 1923.
226 THE FRIEND September, 1924

"Unless colleges teach how to live as

Mrs. Coleman Xells of Egyptian well as to think, they have failed of their
high purpose. The most alarming phase
Sunday Schools of modern education is that it has sacri
ficed spirituality in many of the larger
non-sectarian universities to speed and
WHEN Mrs. Horace E. Coleman, these women were a number of grad scientific knowledge. Colleges should
wife of the Sunday School Secre uates of the American College who af be centers of spiritual growth. Our
tary for Japan, representing the World's terwards spoke to me in excellent Eng lives are after all but channels to express
Sunday School Association, was spend lish. The striking and pathetic thing a great beneficent force struggling up
ing some time in Egypt last December; was how many of them were entirely or from the dark mould of barbarism and
Sunday school work was observed and partially blind. It made one thankful antiquity into the blossom of spirituality,
a most interesting description sent to that Sheik Dewairy was planning a civic generosity and simple goodness in
Rev. Shoichi Imamura. General Secre course in simple hygiene and sanitation private life.
tary of the National Japan Sunday for the Sunday schools. "The charge is flung at college men
School Association. On the first Sunday The program was quite what one and women of today that they are flip
in Egypt Mrs. Coleman visited numer might have had anywhere—how to get pant, irreligious, superficial and lawless.
ous Sunday schools in Cairo under the the students to prepare their lessons and Unfortunately many are. But we must
direction of Sheik Mitry Dewairy, who the use of the Bible, suggestions from not forget that the flippant group in each
is the field secretary for Egypt. First Sunday school observations in America. college makes a louder noise and receives
there is a description of a street Sun Sheik Dewairy conducted a model pri more notice than the steady reliable ma
day school in a slum section. mary class and also a period for young jority that forms the bulk of the young
The room was worse than anything men. The evident interest and attention people and among whom are the hope
you can imagine, as it was dirty with throughout to his spirited teaching was and iKDtential leaders of tomorrow.
cobwebs everywhere; it was just a part proof of its need and goodness. "Unless during college years two hab
of a court of a poor house. At least They asked me to tell something of the its of life are made, fruition of after
100 children were there, and such poor work in Japan and I gave information years is stunted and leadership lost. The
little waifs as they were. Most of them about the correspondence course in two habits of which I speak are a love of
evidently had bad eyes and the flies were teacher-training, the Daily Vacation Bi work and spiritual development.
everywhere. My son who was with me ble Schools, and the plan of organized "Love of work can only come by ne
says the plague of flies has never left classes, as they have none of these things cessity—the inward compulsion of hav
Egypt. One of the finest things about in Egypt. They were very kind and ing to make good because of hope of
this school was the young government asked me to extend their heartiest greet pa rents or financial necessity. It can be
official, the splendid looking young man ing to the Sunday schools of Japan. The developed only by learning to put off a
who conducts it. It is lacking in most outstanding fact about the work here is present pleasure for a future good.
of the things we think essential for work the wonderful place Sheik Dewairy has "By spiritual replenishment, I mean
but his evident spirit of love must count in the hearts of the whole community : simply developing the old-fashioned or
for much. They say that these street foreigner and Egyptian, missionary and at least some kind of religious life that
schools have already made a great differ ordinary folks all speak of him in words is based upon conscience, and a respon
ence in the places where they are held, of highest appreciation. sibility to God and a sense of responsi
as the children instead of calling out foul bility arising from the belief that He
words greet the workers with singing. wants to speak to the world through us.
An all-day Sunday school institute was That causes a daily spiritual development
attended. It was held in the large audi Modern Education of our lives. Usually in college it comes
torium of the American Church and at through the churches or emulation of, or
least 400 participated. The men sat on Sacrificing Spirituality inspiration from, the life of some holy
one side, a la Japanese and the Orient, man or woman. The name of the church
and the noticeable thing was the red tar- CRITICIZING modern education, As or the means of obtaining that side of
bouche on every head—they seem never sistant Attorney General Mabel education is not essential, but that every
to have it off. Church, schools, every Walker Willebrandt declared recently student should have during his high
where it stays on and is a most digni that many of the larger non-sectarian school and college days, a definite pur
fied and attractive adornment. There universities "have sacrificed spirituality pose to use his full spiritual powers is
were some fine looking men among the to speed and scientific knowledge." She the most essential thing in all education.
delegates, one a converted Moslem, who made an eloquent plea for observance of "If during college years we can catch
had a striking face and manner. Some the prohibition law by students. She the vision and the feeling too that God is
were pastors, others students and a num stated that only "flippant college men struggling to work through us, then our
ber were teachers. One whole section of and women" are ''wasting golden youth lives become opened out, our 'spiritual
the church was filled with school girls. in drunken parties" and that the vast intake,' so to speak, enlarges and the
Many of them were fine looking and to majority are observing and supporting great stock of energy and goodness seek
one from Japan the dark wavy hair was the law. ing ever to express itself in a selfish
most noticeable. They were all in for In her address, Assistant Attorney world, finds a channel through us. Tin:-
eign dress and many in uniform. Among General Willebrandt said in part: is character built up; new energies are
September, 1924 THE FRIEND 227

released; powers unfold: new faith in and energized by love of labor, ills of deeper than politics. They are all too
government and consecration to the re government cannot long survive, they often only maneuverings for political
sponsibilities of citizenship result. With will be cured by the healing effect of advantage, or at the best for a balanc
out such definite spiritual experience in characterful citizens who move into such ing of power rather than a sharing of
the early years of life character becomes localities. it. World domination, or leadership,
hardened, contracted and materialistic. "Only the flippant college man, un even, even cannot be built up on the as
"The college life therefore that teaches aware that on his shoulders rest the re sumption of superiority of racial strain.
spiritual vision and a love of work is sponsibilities of government of tomor This is in the nature of an accidental
doing more to combat the forces of law row, will waste golden youth in drunken and not a universal. The terms "Nor
lessness and disorder than any other one parties. Only the materialistic, who has dic," "White" and "Colored," whatever
agency. Law enforcement is not half so lost spiritual union, can yield to the orgy they may mean as applied to human
important as obedience to law, and obe of lawlessness in the name of fun. groups, can never be slogans around
dience, respect and responsibility to gov "The man and woman equipped with which to hive the r.aces into one
ernment arise from education and habits spiritual vision and a love of work will cluster. Domination also that rests
of thought and not from 'verbotens.' transform any locality in which they on demonstrations of military strength
"The hope of tomorrow is from the move. Their lives become broadcasting can do no more than temporarily
products of our schools today. So long agencies for decent government, respon cow unorganized races. All this is
as that output is men and women whose sibility in public office and respect and like building a cabin over a quiescent
lives have been inspired by simple faith support of law and order." geyser. Sooner or later there will be
a blowup !
Neither can interracial friendship be
set up by trying to determine the biologi
From Race Fear to Race Friendsh *P cal value of races through the measure
W' ntten for The Friend ment of their mental capacity by stand
By DR FRANK RAWLINSON, Editor "The Christian Recorder" of China ards and tests evolved from the training
and experience of the white race alone.
THE most disquieting note in inter ing tin cans over your back fence does It is hardly scientific and certainly not
national relationships is the swelling not solve much. These international human. It gives the wrong impression.
volume of racial fear. For fear never back fences need attention. It is over To many members of colored races it
makes for peace or progress. Those the back fence that neighborliness or looks as though the white race is trying
who fear one another sooner or later enmity show themselves. One basic fact to lift itself above other races by its own
come to grief. This fear is the real dif remains : The races can no longer get bootstraps. The sting in this process is
ficulty between the races. They are away from each other. Those who can that it is assumed that those proved bio
afraid of each other. Yet they cannot not get away from each other must logically superior have a right to the
run from each other. A thwarted in needs learn how to live together. Other maximum of material and economic
stinct is thus called into play. Steam wise they will make life extremely un privileges. In other words, this doc
ships, airships and radio have made of comfortable for each other. And that trine of the "racial superior" may
the broad Pacific little more than a is the situation as regards the races. easily be mistaken for a club to force
whitewashed fence. The races which privileges from those judged "inferior."
They must trade together. They must
live around it may reach one another meet each other. The races need each That way promises rough riding and, at
across it. It can no longer prevent the the best, only a cul de sac finally. Think
others. People who need one another
ing people of colored races will naturally
rising tide of fear from doing its fell must learn how to be friends. Of course,
if one race gives the impression of seek ask, "Can you fairly compare the rela
work. Shall this interracial reach be
come a desperate clinch or a friendly ing to get the advantage over another in tive native capacity of all races by the
clasp? Only the dispelling of this inter the things they both need, friendship be experience of one?" This approach
racial fear can answer that question tween them is impossible. leaves a sting of resentment that, wheth
aright. Fortunately, if we put our minds er justified or not, does not work for
The Proper Start friendship. It has its place. But only
to it we can remove this fear without
waiting -to bring about a common eco If interracial fear is to be replaced by the closest friends can venture with safe
nomic level in the countries around the interracial friendship we must start ty to their equanimity on a scientific
Pacific. And that is important, for it right. Too many false starts in settling measurement of each other's native ca
the race problem are being made. pacity. The white race is in danger of
is the most prosperous races which are
Some imagine that race tension can vaunting a superiority in mental capacity
exhibiting the most fear.
be eased off through overhead political that, to say the least, is still under in
Racial Isolation Impossible arrangements. That Is like an electric vestigation and does not seem to carry
Some countries think that stouter wiring system without electricity. Inter with it unusual moral worth. Such an
locks on ports of entry will settle for national political arrangements, like so inflation of the racial ego—real or only
them the race problem. It may help to cial customs and laws, to be enduring apparent—will not make for interracial
insure that each country maintain those must embody achievements in thought friendship. Friendship does not rest on
of its undesirable citizens who have the by those to live under them. So far in mutual inflation but mutual appreciation.
wanderlust. But that is all. Shutting ternational schemes are overloaded by We must then have interracial friend
the front door on the man who is throw the plans of the white race. We must go ship before we can make lasting interna
228 THE FRIEND September, 1924

tional political arrangements, or venture The above principles do not stick out can give to as well as get from others.
to decide whether one or more races are in any existing international policies or The final test of suj>eriority in personal
more richly endowed than the rest. Why utterances. Hut until it is recognized ity and the one most acceptable, is abil
hurry about this, anyway? Does early that no people should go hungry or cold ity to serve others. Such a superiority
assumption of racial superiority consti we cannot enter into friendship with carries no sting with it. It requires no
tute nine points of the proof thereof? them. Strangely enough, it is hungry elaborate tests to prove itself. Such a
The real basis of interracial friendship men who threaten most every social in personality could take the lead in setting
is ethical. When interracial ethical stitution in existence. A race hungry up interracial friendship. Leadership in
friendship has been established then we for food, self-respect or safety is just the setting up of such friendship is the
may take up the knotty question of rela as dangerous as individuals arc under mark of racial or national worth. Has
tive racial endowment and its implica the same circumstances. The colored any race yet shown this mark of worth
tion as to where lies the heaviest re races are feeling their political, eco in unusual degree? The question is bet
sponsibility for guiding and serving the nomic and social hunger. They must ter left unanswered. But there is a field
whole human race. be fed. in which races and nations may seek to
Two guiding- principles are essential The basis for interracial friendship is express their personality without fear of
to the setting up of interracial ethical after all just common-sense fairness friction or misunderstanding.
relationships. which is the meaning of the Golden Rule, The international gentlemen, then, do
known to most people in some form. not seek to make others feel their weak
In the first place all races and peoples
must have education sufficient and suit The Call for International Gentlemen nesses. Unfortunately, all too many
able to enable them to live worthily. An What has been said above means that Western critics of the East do little but
ignorant race or individual is a social all races must act the gentleman toward use its weaknesses as a smoke screen to
menace not an asset. Ignorance is like each other. Gestures consisting in the hide their own. The International Gen
a malignant germ. Its malignity cannot flourishing of deadly weapons are no tleman is one who succeeds in making
be drawn by any system of forced con longer considered gentlemanly. Now a members of other races feel and realize
trol. To be safe it must be knocked out. gentleman never seeks to make others their moral possibilities. The white race
Yet one not infrequently hears white feel their inferiority even if it exists. has achieved material mastery of its en
people resident in the East say that East The capacities and ideals of the races vironment but seems to many, in both
erners should not be educated, at least overlap so much that any emphasis on East and West, to lag behind in moral
not generally. One reason, of course, is differences is out of place. The white mastery. Whether or not the East has
that it spoils them for easy exploitation. race is in danger of espousing India's achieved more moral mastery than the
caste system interracially. Unless some West the writer, as a member of the
In the second place, it should be ac
present trends and agitations are deflect white race, does not feel called on to
cepted as an international axiom that all
ed or changed we shall have "untouch attempt to say. He doubts that the ques
peoples, no matter what their race or tra
able"' races as India has "untouchable" tion can be answered.
ditions, should live on that economic
classes. Thus much of the present racial Of course the one who avoids making
level which enables them to enjoy heal
agitation looks backward not forward. others feel their weaknesses will also not
thy comfort. The common assumption
An interracial gentleman will freely rec wish to exploit these weaknesses for per
that certain social groups or races need
ognize the value of individual and racial sonal ends. The International Gentle
less to live on than others must be
personality. This consists in its ability man will expect each race to show and
thrown into the discard. This of course
to work with and for others. That is give of its best. And only thus can
means an economic levelling up. It rec- the sense of moral equality and desire
the keynote of all social progress. In
ognzies that "cheap" labor means for friendship find freedom.
deed, the keynote of any leadership, in
"cheap" humans and is wrong anywhere.
cluding international, is the ability to get The White Alan's Puzzle
To work out this axiom presents a
others to work together not for the one
thrilling challenge. Different peoples The white race is constantly thinking
leading but for each other. That is tre
eat and dress differently. The differ in terms of the need of colored races for
mendously different from the racial dom
ences are mainly a matter of education its aid. They do not always feel this so
ination we hear so much about.
of taste bulbs and aesthetic sense. But keenly. The white race needs to look in
the amount and proportion of proteins No Raee Simply Parasitic another direction also. It greatly needs
and carbohydrates, air space in dwellings The antithesis of a worth-while per the friendship of other races.
and thinness or thickness of clothing for sonality is a parasite. Xo race is simply It might be asked, "Which show the
warmth or coolness is about the same and only a parasite. The white race in most racial self-sufficiency, white or col
for normal members of different races its widespread attempt to draw on the ored races?" It is the white race that
and countries under similar conditions strength of other races to build up and has taken the initiative in the modern
of labor, weather and social res]X)nsibil- ensure its own continuance has given to dispersion of men throughout the world.
ity. This point is lost sight of in the many the impression of moving in this Widespread self-dispersion of the white
scuffle to prove race "superiority." Hut direction more than any other race. Nat race is a feature of our modern world
it is the basal fact in economic justice. urally the colored races are seeking to conditions. This has been followed by
The individual who thinks himself ex throw off relationships that look like increasing control of sparsely occupied
ploited or neglected by another never tentacles and substitute others through or weakly controlled territories. The
looks on him with friendly eyes. The which they also can share in any benefits ethics of all this we leave alone. But
same is true of races. coming from the connection. Every race we ask, was this self-dispersion of the
September, 1924 THE FRIEND 229

white race due to the spirit of adventure of all—not self-protection in terms of age and faith but also every natural en
alone or does it indicate some lack of possible invasion of a probable enemy. dowment we have. We must go not only
self-sufficiency? The colored races did Fear of what other races might do to us to the bottom of our pockets but the
not initiate any such self-dispersion. must give place to mutual sympathy with limit of our brains. It is the call for the
They have hardly begun to follow suit. common needs. We fear the same bo gifted people in all races to work togeth
It might look as though the white race gies. We have the same needs. We act er. The struggle to prove differences in
is less self-sufficient than other races. as though the bogies are real and the the average capacity of any or all races
Tt indicates that the white race has a needs unreal. To understand each oth will be lost in the struggle to make what
need for the colored races, but what they er's needs will help dispel the bogies. endowment we have of the most use.
have and are. 1 lowever you interpret In all this there is a tremendous chal To me the chief significance of the
this need it can only be met by mutual lenge to Christians everywhere. Chris proposed Pan-Pacific Institute is just
friendship. What will happen when all tianity is sometimes charged with flabbi- this: It is a move to promote interracial
the colored races have shut their ports ness. If this is true in any sense it may understanding, a most significant step in
of entrance as tightly and raised their be due to the fact that the effect of the promoting interracial friendship. It will
tariff walls as high, as some white races call to world-wide propaganda is wear probably do no more than exhibit the
are doing? Here is where the long view ing off. The ends of the world have real issues involved. But it will help to
is needed. Would the colored races been reached. But we have just readied put friendship in the place of fear. This
have been better off if they had been the outer reef of the real Christian task. result will make the effort, time and
more aggressive and less self-dependent The call to interracial friendship has money put into it one of the most sig
and self-sufficient? What will happen more challenge in it than group propa nificant investments that those who are
if they are converted? Friendship is the ganda. It is the real Commission of the trying to apply the religion of Jesus
only safe mood in which to answer. Church. It challenges not only our cour ever made.
Rut not only has the white race gone
ahead in spreading its influence and
reaching into the lives and lands of other
races to meet its own needs, it is also
An Army Man s V lew of Disarmament
By Maj. Gen. JAMES G. HARBORD Formerly Deputy Chief of Staff of the U. S. Army
largely responsible for the scattering of
colored races throughout the world and
(The following address delivered on ening of your own military establish
the mingling of racial bloods. This point August 21 by a distinguished soldier
at the Institute on International Re ment will be met by a corresponding
is often overlooked. And yet strangely
lations from the Christian Point of augumentation of that of your neigh
enough it is the white race that is most View, held at Chautauqua, New York, bor. A vicious circle is thereby estab
uneasy about the future of this move under the auspices of the Federal
Council of Churches, is especially sig lished and competitive irritation, even
ment of the races. The white race has
nificant because of General Harbord's though it does not actually create a
led in bringing about a situation beyond membership in the Commissions of cause of war, may develop the mili
its strength to handle alone. This is the Americans who prepared the "Draft
Treaty on Disarmament" which has tary infection from the latent into the
white man's puzzle. It is becoming more acute stage.
been officially communicated by the
urgent than any so called "white man's League of Nations to all the govern
ments of the world.) These facts and evils that may flow
burden" of the past. Only interracial
from them are much closer to the lives
friendship can solve it.
of European statesmen than they are
Must Learn To Be Friends AMERICAN armaments have never to ours. Unquestionably some very
Civic or national government depends been a real factor in either the able men are devoting themselves to
largely on friendship for its operation. causation or the prevention of war ex seeking a solution which, while pro
The best advertisement for a business or cept as when they have been inadequate, viding reasonable security for contigu
article of commerce is the satisfaction of they may have encouraged stronger ous people who for generations yet to
the user,—thus a friend is made. Before powers to presume upon our supposed come will be haunted by the ghosts
that comes the winning of his confidence. weakness. It is for that reason that of the struggle which began in 1914,
The same principles act in interracial most militay men who have studied his will permit a gradual reduction of ex
matters. We must set our faces to learn tory are of the opinion that, far from cessive armament and allay the irri
not political manipulation of world af being a cause of war, adequate Ameri tations that spring from it. Such an
fairs, or commercial mastery of the can armaments would tend to quiet any effort is now being made by the
world's economic resources, but simple international situation. League of Nations.
friendliness. Only by dependence on But when it comes to the world, Unofficially the problem has been
friendship can international political and exclusive of the American continent, passed on to American students for
commercial life be carried on successful it must be admitted that a competitive consideration. A small volunteer group
ly. That arrangement which simply post growth of armaments breeds a feeling brought together by Professor James
pones strike is not successful. All this of international insecurity. In close T. Shotwell of Columbia University
calls for a change of attitude. The contiguity there is little difference be and the Carnegie Peace Foundation has
statesman must think more of coopera tween what is needed to defend you crystalized and discussed a formula,
tion, less of control. The commercial and that which could be used to in which in its view would meet the con
leader must think more of service, less timidate your next-door neighbor. ditions of affording participation to all
of advantage. The military man must Under such circumstances, it seems states, without regard to affiliation with
learn to think in terms of the protection reasonably certain that any strength the League of Nations.
230 THE FRIEND September, 1924

This so-called American Treaty nal for the settlement of international lies in the suggested treaty. It in
would not work a revelation in world disputes and take the first step toward volves no alliance with foreign pow
conditions nor bring about the mil- reducing the weight of armaments. ers. It contemplates no punitive ex
lenium but I do believe that it would Complete and open publicity for mil-t peditions sent at the call of any out
minimize the probability of aggressive itary appropriations and expenditures side authority. It robs Congress of
war. It would bring an economic boy would be a primary obligation upon none of its constitutional powers. It
cott to bear upon every aggression. It the signatory powers. It would heavily creates no superstate and surrenders no
would establish an international tribu- penalize preparation for aggression sovereignty.
while permitting "open defensive meas-' While these statements are true, such
ures openly adopted." a treaty would, in a sense, end our
If the United States is honestly de "splendid" or as some prefer to call it.
sirous of ending aggressive wars and our "inglorious diplomatic isolation."
of establishing an international state But any international movement for

YOU of mind under which security can ex

ist, I consider that the opportunity
ending war more or less commits its
adherents to the existing status quo.

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September, 1924 THE FRIEND 231

Any such treaty would have the tend Children must be children and must Talking about students, some of our
ency to stabilize that status. And if not be obliged to grow old in ideas most delightful and happy memories
we really desire to avoid war we and expression too soon. are the pleasant associations we had
must be prepared to accept the gen The study of Chinese characters in with students. Especially noteworthy
eral international situation. There is literature works hardships. There are are the few days we spent at the Go-
no way of peacefully making radical some that take even Esperanto. What temba Summer School where were as
alterations in it. wasteful taxation on one's mind ! The sembled students from every corner of
Nor should we fail to remember study of English, which really is the the Empire. Just as there is a great
what the treaty will not do. No con universal language of the day, they Youth Movement in America and Eu
ceivable international document will found most fascinating, but apparently rope, so was there an intensely keen
overcome the consequences of an in-' the students sadly lacked opportunities current among the Japanese students
terrupted and unstable foreign policy. of putting into practice what they to seek, cost what it may, the Truth
Security is largely dependent upon, in learned. Naturally our coming was and the way of our Christ Jesus, and
ternational goodwill. Our contribution looked forward to by these students. to bring to the Orient a fuller knowl-
to that depends upon our neighbors
being able to be sure that we are go
ing to treat them justly and with due
toleration and regard for their view
point.
J . A B A D I E ' S
It is conceivable that we could be
always legally in the right and fre
French Laundry
quently morally in. the wrong. If a DYEING AND CLEANING
domestic action which creates foreign WORKS
resentment is excused only on the
ground that it is within our strictly ♦ ♦ *
legal rights, such act may menace the
peace, and our pharisaical adherence
to the most benevolent of diplomatic Main Works Branch Office
documents will not make it seem any 777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
Phone 1491 Phone 2919 to take pictures now that in the fu
less unreasonable to those affected ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
by it. all prices.
Nor will fits of national generosity,
Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
in which we reverse the actions of pre
Fort Street
ceding administrations, and make gifts
of our international rights, be of real N. S. Sachs Dry Goods Co., Ltd.
service to peace. Everybody must 116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
know where we are standing all' the
time and must have a reasonable
Henry H.Williams
FUNERAL DIRECTOR
THE STORE WITH MERCHAN
confidence that we will be standing in Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect
the same place during one administra DISE OF A DEPENDABLE Embalming School of San Francisco,
tion that we occupied during the pre QUALITY Cal., also of the Renouard Training
School for Embalmers of New York.
ceding one. And a Licensed Einbalmer for the
Our foreign policy in its broad lines Agents for State of New York; also a member
of the State Funeral Directors'
must be non-partisan and continuously Association of California.
consistent. From my personal stand Butterick Patterns and
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foreign office service, functioning under 1374 NUUANU STREET.
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such policy would be about as great
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THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
AT HONOLULU
Japan Thru the Eyes of a Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $450,000
University Student
OFFICER8
(Continued from page 225.) L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice-
President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
to such keen competition and require
ment as to be a serious strain rather United States Government Depositary
than "the good old days" to be re GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and
ferred to later on in life. Then, too. Cable Transfers.
this difficulty of getting higher edu
cation forces the secondary schools to ACCOUNTS INVITED
rush the education of their little tots.
232 THE FRIEND September, 1924

edge of a greater joy and satisfaction kami, General Secretary of the Inter
in life. national Service Bureau of Japan, is Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited
And so we saw scores of liberal quoted as having said, "When the large
leaders in all the departments of Jap army goes, with it will go the chief
reason for the hatred of Japan, the un STOCKS AND BONDS
anese life,—a healthy sign of the rising
New Japan. We also noticed that there rest of the country, and the hinderance REAL ESTATE
was great freedom of speech and press, to national economic development."
perhaps due to official toleration. Then, The Crown Prince himself, after re INSURANCE
too, laborers of Japan were becoming turning from the Battlefields of France.
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
more restless and radical, pressing the is quoted as follows: "I feel more
need of social justice. There were keenly than ever the need of the es
some capitalists who were deeply con tablishment of lasting peace for the
Authorized by law to act
cerned in the welfare of labor. Many world."
Modern science has made war a ?s Trustee, Executor, Ad
were the people (more young than
thing to be abhorred. It has also cut ministrator and Guardian.
old) who were crying for the religion
of the true God and for a satisfactory down barriers of distance and topogra Capital, Surplus and Un-
knowledge of the mysteries of this phy. America and Japan have identi fl divided Profits Over One
world. Many others frowned upon any cal problems and viewpoints, and no Million Dollars.
institution that would arouse antago longer can these two nations get along
nism and suspicion, local or abroad. with poisoned attitudes one toward the
Some mention of war must be made. other. America must be informed
The reported violent reactions imme about Japan. We are glad that, as
diately following the passage of the students, we had the opportunity of
exclusion law has died down and today-
war psychology has given place to
seeing Japan for ourselves. We are
all more glad that we have a share in
C. Brewer
LIMITED
& Co.
peace psychology. Japan is not think the great task of sowing seeds for
ing of war. Her once powerful and the "International World of Tomor-
General Mercantile Commission Agents,
necessary militarist element is no long
er popular. Japan is doing everything Fort St., Honolulu, T. H.
to maintain good relations with the
United States. Her recent legislation Metropolitan Meat AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho
nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co.
to reduce her fighting forces is most Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
significant in that it shows that mili Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
tarism is crumbling under the more
Market Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar
hopeful move of the Liberals. It has ANTONE LOUIS, Manager. Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
long been a thorn in Japan's flesh Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan
tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald
but now Japan has, successfully entered win Locomotive Works.
the world's competitive struggle and Our large shipping business is quite OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President;
realizes that that struggle depends independent of our family trade. R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager.
upon character quite as much as upon We endeavor to keep both phases Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R
Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer;
force, militarism has become of minor of our business at top notch. C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke, G. R
importance. Squandering the nation's Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors
small resources on munitions was a 50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445
source of irritation. Mr. Isamu Kawa-

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joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 THE FRIEND
In This Issue

DR. BREWER EDDY, D.D., Secretary of the American Board

and now acting pastor of Central Union Church, gives greeting.

REV. AUGUSTINE JONES contributes an appreciation of Dr.

Norwood, of City Temple, London.

DR. NILLS P. LARSEN discusses adolescent boyhood and tells

some things every parent and everyone interested in boys and
their problems should know.

"We call it fhe Parable of fhe Unjust Steward.

Jesus diet not commend this man for being unjust, but
Ke commended him for making the surprising discover})
that the true object of commercial transactions is the
making of friends. ^Though a child of this vforld he
saw -what many of the sons of light did not see. Com
merce has caused many v^ars; it has too seldom caused
friendships."
Dr. Norwood

HONOLULU OCTOBER, 1924 HAWAII

238 THE FRIEND October, 1924

The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. THE FRIEND

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as second class matter, under act of Congress of
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OP THE ROCKIES

VOL. LXXXI. HONOLULU, HAWAII, OCTOBER. 1924 No. 10

Greetings From Brextfer Edcrj), Acting Pastor, Central Union Church

IT IS PLEASANT to be asked by level of moral earnestness, to a degree
THE FRIEND for a word of greet that I do not know in any state or city
ing from the acting pastor of the Cen in America. Of course, there are pro
tral Union Church. found problems here, but it seems clear
Since one conies to a definite task that the essential problem is exactly
of spiritual leadership, and not as a the same here or on the mainland or
sight-seeing tourist, it can be pre-> on the mission field. There is no real
mitted to spend no time commenting danger that the forces in open opposi
on the beauty and prosperity and per tion to righteousness can ever with
fect climate of Honolulu. It is all stand, for any long period, the deter
so easy to believe. Naturally, one has mined and devoted pressure of Chris
tens to forget the fierce mid-winter tian purpose. There is no likelihood
storm of two years ago with its up that opium or narcotics, foot binding
rooted trees, broken electric wires, un or witchcraft, or any of the crude ene
roofed houses and general wreckage. mies to progress will maintain them
All one can see now is the perfect selves for long in any country. If peo
beauty of sea and cloud, and the rapid ple of Christian education and convic
development of this great city, with its tion want their lands to advance
new buildings rising in so many sec through reform into Christian char
tions and its incomparable efficiency acter, it will be so. There is no doubt
in the development of city plans. that the qualities of Christian charac
First, there springs up a personal ter have proved their efficiency and
anticipation in. the task that lies ahead. their power before all the world. The
After sixteen years experience as an one question is, whether Christian peo
executive secretary, bound by office people in meeting their difficulties and ple themselves can maintain their
hours at a busy desk, it looks as excit in adding a little to the vision and effec standards, their spirit of responsibility
ing as big game hunting to meet the tiveness of the church. and sacrifice, in the face of growing
steady challenge of three addresses a But to these two grounds of antici prosperity and the drifting process of
week. A minister is supposed to be pation a third of greater importance liberal views. The real test is to be ap
driven to the quiet seclusion of his may be added. There could be no plied to the church members and the
study, to read widely and profoundly greater pleasure for a secretary of the children that come from their homes.
of current movements of thought, to American Board than to linger this If they are fundamentally true to their
climb up into planes of inquiry not long in Hawaii, because of all this principles the rest will be easy. If
usually open to the business man or place means in the Board's history. they whittle down their principles and
the teacher, but if the first are any- Of all the mission fields ever entered uproot their convictions, then no real
true sample of what lies ahead it can by the Board, this alone has given, the gain for righteousness in any part of
be surmised that the eight committee greatest demonstration of the power of the world will ever be permanent. And
meetings and the growing engagement civilization and Christianization of that the real dangers are now within the
pad will prove this period of quiet Gospel which the Board has always camp, and not from any outside ene
study and seclusion to be a gold brick. tried to plant in its mission fields. Ha my. It is exactly the same in Boston,
Every minister is glad to accept a waii combines so perfectly its practical in China or in Honolulu.
new chance to give his essential mess prosperity and efficient comfort with We must maintain a type of Chris
age. He wants to give testimony to moral earnestness that it comes close tian conviction that will appeal to all
the sources which keep his own spirit to being a final "proof of the pudding" people who want to serve their com
ual life alive and to argue his own in missionary history. munities and their generation. That
Christian principles as solution of the At present Hawaii seems to have a challenge must be sounded in such an
problems that teem around him. So larger predominance of the factors for irresistible and persuasive way that the
this particular minister may be par Christian welfare than the average city sacrifices involved in such Christian
doned for frankly hoping that he has on the mainland. You combine per service shall be as nothing compared
a message for the people of Central sonal interest and unity of purpose with the gains in view. That seems to
Union Church, and he anticipates the with a sense of partnership in keeping be the present-day issue in Christian
chance of trying to help the young your city and the Territory at a high progress.
240 THE FRIEND October, 1924

Disarmament Conference of the Nations

Stirring Events at Geneva Recounted in June, V>25. The nations outside of
the league will be invited. So far as I
WRITING of the remarkable events tarism—that spirit which was expressed
can gather, the sentiment in the admin
that transpired at the 1924 Assem publicly in the German parliament, and
istration will be to favor our country
bly of the League of Nations at Geneva, which is the very antithesis of the prin
accepting the invitation, but it will lx'
Frederick Lynch, educational secretary ciples for which we are working here.
bitterly opposed by large groups in the
of the World Alliance for International But never have we in France desired
Senate who would rather see the world
Friendship Through the Churches, gives the misery and the wretchedness of the
go to the devil than be saved by the
the following stirring account : German people. France does not stand
actions of the League of Nations.
The Assembly came together expect for hate. France hates the spirit of
ing to take up the routine business that militarism, but she hates no nation. We Germany and the League
comes before it from year to year, and are ready for conciliation •— the only Just as I write this letter, the enheart-
to their own surprise and the surprise of thing against which we stand is bad ening news comes that the German cabi
the whole world, there happened what faith. Germany has entered into direct net has voted to request entrance into
sometimes happens in history, great relations with us and freely accepted the the League. The papers for Wednes
things suddenly thrust themselves to the scheme by which she will be able to pay day, September 24th, not only made this
front and the Assembly, instead of deal reparations. The rules for admission to announcement, but printed the official
ing with the reports of Commission and the League are clearly laid down, and communique from Germany to the
the furthering of their work, has devoted they apply to Germany as well as to League. It opens with this paragraph:
itself entirely to the great subject of the other nations." "The question of Germany's entry in
outlawry of war. Nobody has been Step by step the League, at its meet to the League of Nations was thorough
more surprised at what happened than ing in Geneva, has been moving toward ly discussed and it was unanimously
the delegates to the Assembly. It has the abolition of war. . . . We have agreed that the efforts of the German
been interesting to hear the testimony been hearing much talk recently about government should be directed toward
that many have given, that they have outlawing war. The League is trying Germany's entrance into the League in
been carried out of themselves, that they to translate the phrase into a reality. the near future."
never expected that such great things To quote an editorial in the New York The communique is intenseley inter
could happen. Times : "The best brains at Geneva have esting because of the summary it gives
The opening addresses by Premiers for weeks been working on a protocol of the reasons that led up to Germany's
MacDonald of Great Britain and Hcr- which even non-members may be asked entrance. They all might be summed
riot of France will stand out among the to sign, and which would, so far as hu up in one sentence : The feeling that
greatest utterances of history ; and per man ingenuity and good- will can do it, the League has dealt both kindly anil
haps one of the most epoch-making ad makes wars between nations virtually justly with the German interests from
dresses that have been delivered since impossible .... The method is first of the beginning. The communique also
the opening of the war, the address by all to provide for the arbitration or the emphasizes the fact that the German
Premier Herriot, has sent a thrill of judicial settlement of international dis people wish to cooperate with the other
hope through the whole world, and the putes, no matter what their nature." If nations of the world in the peaceful set
whole world owes him a debt of ever any nation refuses to abide by the deci tlement of international disputes and in
lasting gratitude for the brave way in sion, it becomes in the act "an aggres the movement toward general disarma
which he stood right up by Premier sor" and as such will be opposed by all ment.
MacDonald and pleaded for a new order the moral and economic forces of the There are a great many details that
in which arbitration and judicial meth nations composing the League and if will have to be worked out and of course
ods should be substituted for war in all necessary by military strength. Germany has asked for certain assur
cases of international disputes. ances, all of which are in the commu
The French nation has adhered just as
Premier Herriot and Germany nique, but the chief assurance she de
heartily to this compact as did Great
I do not think that in any review of mands is equality with Great Britain
the meetings of the Assembly the one P.ritain, the only difference being during
and France as a Great Power and equal
paragraph in Premier Herriot's address. the discussion. The French were a little voice in all questions that may arise.
bearing upon the relations with Ger more insistent on the matter of security. The League leaders are of course great
many, should be overlooked. Perhaps it At first it seemed as if the British dele ly pleased and it is intimated at Geneva
was the most significant utterance at the gates were willing to leave the matter of that an extra seat in the council itself
Assembly. It was a brief and coura abiding by the Protocol to the good faith may be created for Germany,—and this
geous utterance, but so far as I can of the nations in the League. The without filling the empty chair which is
gather the French people as a whole French did not seem quite so sure of this waiting for America. I was going to
have risen to it and it has done more to good faith at the present time, although write a concluding paragraph on Amer
assuage the awful bitterness toward they expressed the belief that it would ica and the League but I will refrain,
France in the German hearts than any come when the nations had learned to simply saying what every lover of good
thing that has yet been done. If you serve together, as they will under this will is saying: "Here are the nations
have not seen this paragraph, you should protocol. making a new world based on Christian
see it, and I quote it here : The protocol having been signed, the principles rather than on violence and
"When we fought Germany we were question of disarmament naturally fol war. and America officially is having no
fighting the destructive spirit of mili lowed and the Assembly voted to call a part in it."
October. 1924 THE FRIEND 241

Dr. Norwood of City Temple

An Appreciation By Rev. Augustine Jones, Makawao. Maui

ii GREAT man and a great mess DR. NORWOOD is pastor of the London to myself a moment— ! T am getting
A age This was the comment
heard in. Berkeley and San Francisco a
church, now nearly three hundred
years old, made famous by Joseph Parker
awfully mixed up, for I find unmar
ried women wearing wedding rings,
few weeks back. The great man was and Reginald Campbell. and married ladies who do not wear
Dr. Frederick Norwood of City Tem An utterance such as the following is wedding rings. I don't know what you
ple, London. The great message bore worthy of a spiritual leader in so high a mean. I am puzzled."
the title of "The Old Bible and the place : The City Temple has had a succes
Xew ( )rientation." He had come from "No man can take a faith like that of sion of notable pastors. The land
that city which Roseberry calls "the Christianity into the furnace of his heart rang with the fame of Joseph Parker
pride and problem of our race" to de and beat it out on the anvil of his experi for a whole generation. Then came
liver the Earl Lectures at the First ence, and leave it precisely as he found it.' Reginald Campbell, tall, slight,
Congregational Church of Berkeley. Every man or woman who really lives seraphic, with the heart of a prophet
A man of medium height stood in Christianity will leave some trace of their and the touch of a poet. The present
the pulpit, broad of shoulder, deep of personality upon it." writer will ever recall a Thursday noon
chest, swarthy faced, his head crowned address at City Temple when Dr.
with a mass of jet-black hair. His Campbell preached upon the words,—
strong and musical voice rolled forth memorial program in London and the "Though I make my bed in hell, be
over the assembled multitude, rich, few minutes allotted to him were filled hold thou art there." Following him
mellow, low. Low, until he became with such an exalted message that the came Joseph Fort Newton from New
doubly emphatic and then his voice1 metropolis asked who he was and York interpreting to the British people
rose and carried all before it. He did finally kept him in their midst. during the years of the war the higher
not speak hastily after the American Dr. Norwood is not a technical stu spirit of America. And now from the
fashion.. Here were lectures that had dent of theology. And perhaps it is far Antipodes comes another to uphold
been finished with the finest care ; just as well. Anyway, his business ex this great tradition.
worth hearing they were, and worthy perience has kept him away from the But I think he can best speak for
of the slow deliberate emphasis that schools, but it has not kept him from himself. The sweep and spirit of the
made every sentence a jewel. a rich and generous reading of great man is gathered in these jewels :
The career of Dr. Norwood thus far literature. He doesn't argue ; he doesn't * # * *
falls into three periods of seventeen prove; but his kingly soul lets in light "Sometimes a man comes along and
years. Seventeen years of youth under and truths stand clear after he has says that Jesus was not original, that
the Southern Cross, seventeen years said them. He is a great-hearted art we can match these sayings of his in
in an extensive manufacturing plant, ist and does his work through a glo the literature of other religions. They
part of the time the manager of it all rified imagination. When he says, tell you they can find the Golden Rule
vith sixty men under his charge, and "Let there be light," at once all be in the sayings of Confucius, but 1 tell
then at the age of thirty-four turning comes luminous around him. He will you they cannot find Christ himself,
to the ministry and for seventeen fur not be hampered with questions of they cannot find the Man who gave
ther years now a master of the pulpit. criticism. "We have man in the Gar weight to the words, they cannot find
Australia has been the land of his den of Eden., whether it be allegory the abysses of silence that make the
fathers and his own land, and his com or history we will not stop to discuss." word reverberate."
ing to the City Temple of London was "The writer or writers, who first told,
an outcome of his service in the war. or collated .or redacted, it matters lit "We call it the Parable of the Un
His grandfather came to South Aus tle which, these first three chapters of just Steward. Jesus did not commend
tralia three years after the first white Genesis placed them forever on the this man for being unjust but he com
man. and was able to buy five acres of title page of the most wonderful book mended him for making the surpris
ground in the heart of the city of in the world." "The earth and its ing discover that the true objective of
Adelaide for three pounds. But gold race is here, let the scientists tell us commercial transactions is the making
was discovered five hundred miles how when they find out." of friends. Though a child of this
away, and off he went with all the An easy humor plays through all he world he saw what many of the sons of
other ablebodied men to the mines. He says. "I have been noticing some light did not see. Commerce has
was in Melbourne, a city of a million things here in America,—but then I caused many wars ; it has too seldom
people today, less than ten years after don't know that you will care to hear caused friendships."
the first white man and bought many the opinion of a country bumpkin, a £j* *i* ^r *F

sections of virgin land. What he did kind of kangaroo at large." "For ten "More changes of government are
with it Dr. Norwood could never learn, long days I sat through your Demo like the outgoing of the tide."
he ruefully remarked. While with the cratic convention trying to find its * * * *
Anzac troops in France and England candidate. I must not comment on "We can send our human voices
he chanced to have a minor share in a your national politics,—but will speak through the air by means of the wire
242 THE FRIEND October, 1924

less or around the world, while our world as a minister is to have a con say is that Paul would have been as
predecessor had to send his word by gregation who swallow every word I greatly surprised as he would have
labored messenger. But it does not said and thought it the last word. If been grieved."
follow from that our word is more I had a congregation like that I think
worth hearing than our forefather's. that I would rack my brains all night
It may be only that we are sending our to find out how to shock them. Who "One thing that we may certainly
inanities farther than he could. The wants a flock of sheep ? Over and say of St. Paul is that he found him
real point is, What is the value of the over again in the history of the church self when he found Christ. He not
word, is it worth hearing? I wish we it has been running on the rocks for only found Christ, he found Paul.
could make a discovery of how to get want of skeptics. And every now and Christ set him loose. Christ broke
the voices that really matter ringing again some man stands up and chal down the dam which had held back
around the world." lenges the faith and pours scorn on the the torrential strength of this man.
head of any skeptic. I am not asking The narrow man became the broad
you to become skeptics. I don't know
"One of our English statesmen said man; the exclusive man became ex
how God will deal with them. Rut
a little while ago, 'A great man cannot pansive. The man who had been a
I am glad there are a few, just as I am
possibly be a good man, for the es legalist became a champion of liberty.
glad there is salt in my lunch."
sence of greatness, he said, was self- Paul found himself when he found
* * * *
assertion, and the essence of goodness Christ."
is self-denial.' Now did ever a so- "The way Jesus saved men, as it
called great man say a littler thing than seems to me, as I read the gospel, is
that? Self-assertion is not greatness, not by getting them to believe in him,
my Christian friends. It is the yellow but by persuading them that he be
Y.W. C. A. Plans
streak of greatness. It is the crack in lieved in them." Fine New Building
the silver bell. It is the flaw in the * * * #
porcelain. It is the human weakness "In most parts of the foreign world,
that denies human greatness. To say THE acquisition by the Y. \V. C. A.
as you term it, they judge America by1
that Jesus taught only self-denial is of the Allen property on Alakea
the movies."
to misrepresent him. Why, Jesus' Street long known as "Laiviakea." i>
life was the most positive life the a matter for sincere congratulation.
world has ever seen. His mighty pow "An eye for an eye, and a tooth for The association thus retains proximity
ers ripened to the full and he lifted a tooth. Perfectly fair. Perfectly to the business section, considered a
the world off its hinges and ushered in fair, but awfully hard to carry out. vital necessity, and has sufficient ground
a new age, because he was the man. The worst moment in a man's life to on which to erect a building adequate
the strongest, the greatest the world administer justice is when he is smart to enlarging needs.
has ever known." ing from a blow. If somebody hits The association is fortunate, also.
* * * * you so exactly as to extract a tooth as in retaining the services of Miss Julia
deftly as a surgeon might have done, do Morgan, foremost woman architect of
"Rut he said. Let them crucify me: you think you are in a state of mind America. Miss Morgan designed the
I, if I be lifted up, will draw all man as that you can hit him precisely back new Fernhurst, first coming to Hono
ner of men unto me. They put a and remove exactly the same tooth he
crown of thorns upon his brow; he lulu to get atmosphere and first-hand
has got? Of course you don't. It is knowledge of sub-tropical needs. She
did not mind; he knew the value of a a whole set you get."
crown is decided not by the weight of has already designed many other V.
* * * * W. C. A. buildings throughout the
the splendor of the metals, but by the
quality of the brow that wears it. "Now he kept the Sabbath day states. Her architectual achievements
They put a reed of mockery in his holy. He did more than that. He are not limited to these buildings, for
hand and he grasped it, knowing it kept seven days holy." many other large edifices are a monu
was a veritable scepter, for he knew ment to her ability. Among buildings
the value of a scepter did not depend she has designed is the Fairmont Hotel
"No man can take a faith like that
on its jewels but upon the arm that of San Francisco, with which all
of Christianity into the furnace of his
wields it. They spat upon his face ; he Honoluluar.s are familiar.
heart and beat it out on the anvil of
was shamed, but he did not blush. He At the present time. Miss Morgan
his experience, and leave it precisely as
knew that spittle upon one's face is is engaged in designing the woman'*
he found it. Every man or woman
not necessarily dishonoring save to him center and gymnasium of the Univer
who really lives Christianity will leave
who spat. None is dishonored who sity of California, and a $4,000,000 resi
some trace of their personality upon it."
does not dishonor himself." dence for William Randolph Heart in
* * * * * * * *
California.
"There was Thomas, who could not "They say: 'Let's go back to Jesus; Miss Morgan is a cousin of J. Pier-
help doubting to save his life. Some this Paul, this Jew has stamped his pont Morgan, of New York City.
people cannot. God made them that Jewish personality upon the universal Preliminary to actual work, she will
way. God had to have a few skeptics faith of Christ, has diverted it and per lead a discussion of plans at the regu
in the world or it would run to seed. verted it. Let's go back to Christ.' lar monthly meeting of Roard members
Oh, the last thing I would wish in the Well, if that is reallv true, all I can on October 28.
October. 1924 THE FRIEND 243

into full, glad appreciation with them of

the land of their pride.
Celebrate Golden Wedding But who can describe a trip thru
the Canadian Rockies over the C. P. R.?
It is said to equal five Switzerlands in
its extent and its magnificence, and the
engineering feat of putting a railroad
thru it is a source of constant amaze
ment. With your eyes upon the scenery,
and your thoughts upon the eternity of
those mountain processes, only one word
begins to express your wonder,—GOD !
You infinitely expand your emotions and
thoughts and pour them all into that
concept—GOD. And still you stand in
wonder. "Be still, and know that I am
God." And then you turn your thoughts
to the human accomplishment of putting
the railroad thru that country, and your
sense of the marvelous only takes anoth
er turn,—the Divine urge, working in
the heart of man, causing him to con
ceive, to dare, and to accomplish such
a Herculean task.
Some weeks later I heard a man
preach on the wonders of worshipful
En route from San Francisco Mr. and Mrs. S. \V. Wilcox were invited by church architecture, and it was a good,
wireless to a tea party at the Chamberlain House in honor of their golden inspiring sermon, but he shattered it at
wedding. the end by saying that men cannot wor
This interesting anniversary fell on October 7th., the day they arrived here, ship God in the open ! "Man !" thought
aiwl when they motored to the Chamberlain House expecting to greet a small I, "you never rode thru the Canadian
group of friends, they found simple but delightful preparations for a celebration
Rockies. Your body may have been
in which large numbers of their friends were privileged to share.
dragged thru it but your mind never
The bride and groom of fifty years ago. fresh from their trip, and in
excellent health and spirits, stood on a swirl of golden leaves in a room filled waked up."
with lovely flowers in which yellow predominated. Later they were seated on Glacier
the lawn, continuing to greet friends who called. Miss Elsie Wilcox, who re I skidded down one of the icy trails
turned to Hawaii with her parents, received with them.
till I wondered where the bottom was.
A large wedding cake was prepared especially for the occasion by the
Waioli Tea Rooms and a corps of Salvation. Army girls served from an artist Rocks and rubbish, accumulating as I
ically arranged table on the lawn. slid, carried me along and crushed my
Mis Ethel Damon, president of the Cousins' Society, furnished the inspira new hat but spared my bones. After a
tion for the happy event. short, stiff climb, the Glacier was
reached, well repaying the effort. Right
on the face of it was a miniature Yo-
Just Across
cross the
tne Ln
±-*ine semite Falls, about twelve feet high,
with its background of beautiful glass-
By FRANK S SCUDDER
green ice, which sight alone was worth
WHAT is going on just across the I count many good Canadians among all the effort of the climb. A guest at
line? 1 have always wanted to my friends, but they are such fine peo Glacier Hotel climbed to see a little lake,
know more about it, and see the land ple that somehow I have always regard about 1,000 feet elevation above. When
with my own eyes. I speak of Canada, ed them as special. It couldn't be that near the top, he met a bear in the path,
which is indeed separated from us by a there is a country full of such people, and turned back. Arriving at the hotel,
mere line, a line about 4,000 miles long. and maybe there isn't : but this was my he found that a bear had carried off
One interesting thing about this line is first surprise, and it grew day by day his suit-case and chewed it up, together
that it cannot be seen,—there are no with the contents thereof. The next
during the seven days I spent in cross morning we set out together up the
fortifications or guns to mark it,—and
maybe it is not a far guess to say that ing the country,—the high average of mountain in search of a bear, with no
that is the reason they slide you across manhood and womanhood and child result. Returning to the hotel, there,
it with such courtesy and good feeling hood ; the good breeding and gentle right around the corner, we came upon
that you don't even think you are a manners : the splendid achievements one not ten feet away, who mildly looked
guest, you don't know that you have and the intense, but not offensive, pa at us and slowly turned and walked
gone out of your own home. triotism of the people, which draws you away.
 THE FRIEND October, 1924
244

C. P. R. is never late." One conductor days of lax law-observance, to find that

Lake Louise
said that in all the two years he had in some respects law- is operative. So I
People were fortunate who could get
been on his run, his train had never was really pleased, but my fellow coun
a roof over their heads within miles of
been a minute late. trymen, if you have hitherto gone alxnit
this gem of scenery. A fire had de
unchallenged, from henceforth fortify
stroyed a wing of the Chateau, and We were destined to mar that record
yourselves with passports.
many had to pass on without seeing this a day or two later on, when our train
beautiful lake. From Chateau Lake ran off the track. The tender and din
Louise, embowered in great banks of ing car were overturned and several
many-colored poppies, one looks out cars considerably damaged, but no one
upon what is called the most exquisite injured! Put such was the loyalty that Pioneer Missionary
bit of scenery in the world. The Swiss had been instilled into all the passengers,
guides say Switzerland cannot show- its that when we pulled into the next sta
Honored
equal. tion, eleven hours later, and the eager
The Canadian Pacific Railway has newspaper reporters approached the pas ON SUNDAY, October 26. there-
built, on the mountain sides, pretty sengers hoping for a thriller, all they was celebrated in the Filipino
Swiss cottages for the guides. Not far could elicit from them was, "Yes, we churches under the Hawaiian Board a
away is Swiss Village, a fairy village in went off the track, but no one was hurt." memorial service for Rev. Simon R.
Swiss style. The guides used to return We all carried in our hearts a good deal Ygloria. pioneer missionary from the
to Switzerland in the winter months, but more of a thrill than that, but we were Philippines to Hawaii.
now, with their homelike village to too loyal to the C. P. R. to let it be
live in, they bring their families over known. The Rev. Mr. Ygloria was cal!ed to
and stay the year round. Hawaii by the Hawaiian Board of Mis
In my room in a Montreal hotel was
Canada has now adopted the Ameri sions in 1913 at which time he was
a handsomely printed and framed circu
can rule of the road, keeping to the lar in praise of the liquor laws of the twenty-nine years of age. He died at
right, instead of to the left as hereto Ewa Plantation September 28, 1922.
Government. It was argued that this
fore. Our driver said. "We now turn to law solves the problem, while prohibi He was a man of great gentlene>>
the right, but it is forbidden to put out tion as attempted in the United States of spirit but of unflinching purpose.
the left hand as a signal." "Why?" said was a pitiable failure. I gladly testify He had had a remarkable life, being
somebody. "Because it's dangerous: a to the cleanliness and good order and educated when a young boy by an
Ford might run up your sleeve!" lack of drunkenness in Canadian cities, uncle and going to the Spanish day
"C.P.R." in so far as I saw them, but also I was school and the English school at Duma-
equally impressed with the same sobriety guete.
Of all the exhilarating words in the in our cities in the U. S., which, I also
English language is there any that has recall, could not have been said before He enlisted in the constabulary in
in it a greater thrill than these initials! the days of prohibition. 1902 and served to P'05 and was one
Not after you have crossed the country of the picked men who were sent to
I noticed one day out from Vancouver, the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. While
on the Canadian Pacific Railway. The
on the observation car, that no ladies there he attracted the attention of a
pride and joy of patriotism rings thru
were smoking! After that I began to
these three symbols. And well it may. devout Christian gentleman who was
watch; will you believe it? the only
Think of passing thru a tunnel five the means of bringing about an in
smokers I saw in Canada were men.
miles long, with a mile of rock over tense religious experience on the part
vour head: or of climbing a grade by I came to that line again, and what of the young Filipino, the strength
such a mystic maze of curves that a was my surprise to find that while I had and fervor of which never left him to
train going east may be running parallel crossed into Canada almost without the end of his life.
and in the same direction with a train knowing it, it was when I tried to get
On his return to the Philippines he
going west, only, of course, on a differ back into my own country that the trou
entered Siliman Institute and then
ent level ! Refined and well educated ble began. I had neglected to get a
went to the Thelogical Seminary in
jxjrters, with humor and unfailing cour passport! I have traveled all around
Manila and was ordained to the Chris
tesy describe the passing panorama with the world, with an American passport in
interesting historical comments, and my trunk, and never once had to show- tian ministry in December. 1912.
answer questions, often entering into it, but here T was held up before a car Upon coming to Hawaii, he entered
pleasing conversation. The ro:ul passes full of passengers, having to fight my with a devotion which won the respect
thru an almost continuous parkway of way back into my own country. With of all, in Christian work among the
purple Howers,—the fire weed. Wher abundant proofs that I had just come Filipinos of Hawaii. He was pecu
ever fire has swept the ground, and only from Hawaii aboard the Wilhelmina, liarly fitted for this work, speaking
there, the fire-weed grows in profusion. and was traveling on a round trip ticket.' seven Filipino dialects as well as Eng
In two years' time the trains will be and with a steamer ticket, fortunately lish and Spanish.
electrified, so all inconvenience from prepaid, back on the Calawaii, T was
smoke will be eliminated. I ventured finally passed with a caution to provide He was a Christian pastor in even-
on one occasion that the train seemed to myself with the needful passport. Of sense of the word. He founded the
be behind schedule time. "Sir, this is course it was all right, and just, but a paper "Ang Abyan (Filipino Friend)
the C. P. R.," said the porter, "the surprise. It is always pleasing in these in 1914.
 October, 1924 THE FRIEND 245

Certain Physical Aspects ox Adolescence

By Dr. Nils P. Larsen

ALL life runs in cycles—it begins— VY/E never try, says Dr. Larsen, to make At the age of 14 he was first caught in
ends. So also with the human. If * * a sprinter out of the child with a stealing when he took some money from
we believe in the wonderful scheme of paralyzed leg—we try to teach it and lead his mother's purse. A short time later
evolution we know that no two of us it in paths of usefulness possible without the he broke into a store. The father
are born alike. Each of us has the po leg. So in time we will deal with other pleaded for clemency—bad companions,
tentialities of certain accomplishments. individuals born with physical handicaps a slip of an adolescent. He was sent
What we do depends on what we start less easily recognized. Capable of useful to a private school. As soon as he re
with and what use we make of those tal lives if trained to make use of their cap turned, the actions were repeated. He
ents. Success of each life, therefore, abilities, some children are driven into the was sent to the reformatory. While
does not depend on what has been ac there a very eminent psychiatrist ana
criminal class or the class of failures by
complished, but entirely on how much lyzed the boy and gave a report about
being urged to pursue the paths of learning
each individual has made use of his or as follows : "This, a type of individual,
laid out for those born without their handi
her life's possibilities. Comparisons are the number of which in our present
unfair. Other lives can only be used as caps.
The article is one in a series of six time of speed and pressure is rapidly
a stimulus to make the most out of what
lectures on Adolescent Boyhood conducted increasing. They are constituted with
we each have. If this axiom is true we
by the Extension Department of the Uni an unstable mental balance and unless
must try to study what life is—what the
versity of Hawaii at the public library. It very carefully guarded and guided are
laws are which govern it—and how we
is both scientific and sympathetic—an eye- apt to become dangerous—and very apt
all can help to bring out the maximum
opener for most of us. to commit murder." This was said 10
in each of our lives.
years before the boy walked across the
In life, probably the most difficult bridge of sighs at Sing Sing. The par
period—trying to parents, to friends and lyzed leg. We never try to make a ents didn't believe it—they spoke of
to the individual—is the adolescent per sprinter out of the child with the para evil influences, etc. At 21 he returned
iod. The period of rapid changes. It lyzed leg—we try to teach it and lead with all kinds of promises. He was a
seems, therefore, worth while to study, it in paths of usefulness possible without bright looking young man. He wore
to observe, to compare ideas, to weight the leg. So in time we will do with glasses, which helped to increase the ap
the others' observations —striving thus these other individuals. Capable of use pearance of intelligence, had a smooth
toward a goal of greater knowledge ful lives if trained to make use of their skin and he was well dressed. He had
and truth. Hence we will consider capacities. • But driven into the criminal a soft voice. He told very feelingly
some of the forces at work producing class or the class of failures if urged how sorry he was to have caused his
that marvelous change, from the boy—a to pursue the paths of learning of those parents and his sisters so much suffer
tense skin sac of ''food and fun''—to born without this handicap. This is a ing. He also wrote excellent letters and
that other, duller product—the adult. physical defect—usually producing glar in these spoke of the sorrow he had
Before we take up the actual striking ing symptoms during adolescence—but caused his people. Billy Sunday was
physical changes, let us consider first with the underlying cause not recog in the city at the time, and one night
some of the physical causes of failure. nized. If each child were analyzed and after listening to Billy he decided to
Why parents, social workers, and friends properly directed, many a calamity of "hit the sawdust trail." turn a new leaf
are so disappointed at times in the ship adolescence would be avoided. and start life again with a new impulse.
wreck of an adolescent. The "why" Tf I may I will give an illustration He was sent to another city where his
they become discouraged because all of a boy born with certain brain parts bad reputation was not known. Soon
the proper influences fail to produce a missing—a different type than those after he robbed the individual who be
«2rood product. Often one hears a dis mentioned above, but illustrating that friended him, and one night while rob
belief in the laws of cause and effect. type of adolescent who cannot be ex bing a jeweler's house the jeweler
It is well known—but not yet widely pected to follow the usual laws of cause walked in upon him. The boy drew a
made use of—that a goodly percentage and effect. A defect that cannot be pistol and fired at his victim and then
of us (from 20% to 30%) are born overcome any more than the child born ran downstairs. The jeweler ran after
with gray matter that is incapable of without arms, but a defective that him, jumped on him. The commotion
developing mentally beyond the require should be guarded and guided most attracted the attention of a crowd, who
ments of the third to fifth grade. Such carefully. held the boy. The jeweler raised on his
sin individual is bright and apparently This boy was a very bright young elbow, explained what had happened—
very intelligent until he reaches the lad, the eldest son of intelligent industri dropped back on the sidewalk and died.
y^oint of maximum capacity to study. ous and conscientious parents. There The boy was sentenced to the electric
TSTo amount of whipping, coaxing, urg were four girls and another boy in the chair.
ing or tutors can drive the individual family. The oldest sister was a college Before we consider normal adolesence
1 beyond this. There are cells lacking. graduate. The father and mother were it is well to remember that many individ
This is as much a physical defect as a hard church workers and very respect uals are incapable of normal develop
trliihl born without arms or with a para- able people. The boy did well in school. ment.
246 THE FRIEND October. 1924

Pushing this aside, let us consider would give him pennies—and when he man. But abused, wasted and misguided
the momentous changes of the adoles had gotten 200 his joy was almost it develops that most disgusting of adult-
cent boy. The sac of "food and fun" complete. On the other hand, individuals —the smut artist—the adult whose mind
begins to think, to feel, to act. Emotions who have too much of this secretion is always concerned with the animal side
begin to stir, he thinks of religion., he are fidgety, nervous, temperamental —a of man.
builds castles, he conquers the world changed character. Then, again, take To guide him through this period he
—life has suddenly opened before him the Pituitary gland. The individual needs good, sensible parents, or, at lea-t.
and the Sir Galahad takes a firm grip with too much of this secretion at the good, sensible books. There are many
upon his sword as he strides forth into time of adolescence blossoms out into books written on this subject —there
action. the circus giant —eight feet plus. are many very poor and pernicious ones.
Rut why this change in mind. It is Again we have the sex glands—the I think more adolescents have had life
associated with a physical and chemical gonads. At this period they begin to made miserable by overdrawn accounts
change. Let us consider first the chem secrete new substances. One of these —of detailed descriptions of horrors that
ical. We know there are certain glands poured into the blood stream produces will happen— which never do—than have
in the body which produce certain defi a very definite change in personality. been made miserable by never having
nite effects on our bodies and minds. The boy becomes conscious of himself, read the literature of would-be reform
Take the thyroid for instance. The in his voice changes, he blushes easily, he ers. The American Medical Association,
dividual born without a thyroid develops takes an interest in the opposite sex. he realizing the importance of this subject
to a certain extent. Beyond this his becomes serious at times. lie doesn't —and how many poor books there are.
body and mind cannot go—he needs want to be a "kid." We must recognize has placed a stamp of approval on four
more of that stimulating chemical. I the sex impulse as one of the strongest pamphlets on sex education. They are
remember a cretin fan individual with of life. It is there. The adolescent published by the Press Department.
out a thyroid) we had at Hellevue Hos often doesn't realize what is wrong with American Medical Association, 535 North
pital for study. He was 37 years old him. If properly guided it becomes a Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
—but a happier 7-year-old boy no one power for good —it is one of the force The four for 75 cents. These present
could wish for. Every dav the students that are necessary to develop the mature the subject in a simple, clean, under

Styled as perhaps the first picture of Honolulu's civic center, this drawing is purported to show Kinau on her way to the "Foreign
Church." One identification gives the date of the drawing, by a French artist, as 1838; another at about 1858. Courtesy Star-Bulletin
 October, 1924
THE FRIEND 247
standable way. To start the child with glands), filled with new ideas, new find harmonious chords in the adolescent
an idea of the wonder and beauty of thoughts—desirous of thinking, acting who is largely physical, who must have,
life and its development is one step in and doing for himself—needs an out for proper development, a physical out
the direction toward a clean-minded, let. That outlet, however, can be good let and who can most easily be ap
happy adult. as well as perverted—clean as well as proached from the physical side. But in
Only recently an. aspirant for political the reverse—help to develop instead of the games ; courage, self-control, loyalty,
power in this community on the public checking normal growth. obedience and sportsmanship all develop
platform announced to a cheering crowd
A most important outlet is athletics. and for the struggle of life these are
that the right of every bachelor was a
To play football, baseball, run, jump, most important.
publicly approved red light district.
box, etc., all these are goals of conquest
Whatever we don't know about the One other influence—probably the
toward which the normal individual
problem, we do know that the red most important—is a fine, wholesome
wishes to strive. It is part of his make
lig-ht district is not a solution, it is a girl. She is a power which has kept
false sense of security which certainlv up. A questionnaire was conducted by
many a man from falling by the wayside.
would produce more disease. A false Gibson on adolescent boys, to find out
She is too important not to be mentioned
sense of security is much more danger what they favored in amusements. Of
—may her number increase.
ous than known danger. 351 replies, as first choice 285 put some
athletic activity; swimming, camping" As to hindrances in the normal devel
The proper education is undoubtedly
the first step ahead. And if pro]>er edu and baseball being the choice in the opment of the adolescent, probably the
cation is not given, the adolescent is order named; 37 chose music as first, most important is alcohol. Professor
certain to learn from the "language of 11 dancing. 9 parties, 8 theatres and Kosenoff reported that y2'/(~ of drunk
the back fence."' The filth of that lan 1 movies. The spirit of the age is to ards get the habit before 21 years of
guage will often poison or dull any fu keep in motion—to do. A normal out age and 1/3 before 16. The damage of
ture training. And every boy is certain let for the surging energies is athletics. heavy drinking is well known but the
to come in contact with the evil teaching To keep fit for athletics the boy knows experiments of Professor Benedict on
of the back fence. Let us face it and he must eat properh—the well balanced
moderate drinking are less often quoted.
try to overcome its evil influences rather ration with plenty of fruit and vege
The very definite effect which was so
than play the ostrich. tables. He must chew his food careful
ly. He must get the proper rest and he readily demonstrated experimentally is
The adolescent, if appealed to from convincing proof of harm. If the indi
the standpoint of fair play— fair play to knows if he exercises to excess he be
comes stale. The healthful physical life vidual is interested in the efficiency of
his future wife—to his future children-
—which means the healthful, natural his life, alcohol must not be considered.
is almost certain to listen. At that age
sound argument appeals to him. He development— is easiest gotten by stimu And to the adolescent it is doubly im
loves to overcome obstacles. To flow lating the boy in athletics. It has been portant. "Our greatest joy is in over
with the current because "others do it" well said, "The glory of young men is coming obstacles"—when he learns that
is not as appealing as the forceful argu their strength." and believes it. his fight is won.
ment to "play the man." To see the In this same category we might men
The second drug—or. rather, a second
syphilitic child—started with the handi tion the "gang spirit." In the newer
handicap to the boy during his evolution
cap of a horrible disease: or to see the feeling a desire for sociability also
to maturity is the cigarette. It is well
young wife crippled by a painful dis arises—the desire to be with other con
ease given her by her husband, are pic genial spirits. And it is very important, known that the growing cell is much
for as Hugh Black says "the choice of more easily influenced than the mature
tures which would make any boy at this
age hesitate. In the struggle toward a friends is one of the most serious affairs one. Many poisons which are innocuous
better and a happier world it does seem in life because a man becomes moulden to adult cells kill the immature ones.
worth while trying. into the likeness of what he loves in his Here again is a question of degree of
So in this period of change we must friend." For proper development the efficiency. Shall the boy be satisfied to
realize that the individual is bombarded gang is important. Here, too, is well make use of 50% of his possibilities—or
by new chemicals. These bring about illustrated the desire for a proper out will he learn that the more he develops
changes—the bones change, the muscles let. Dr. Sheldon analyzed 623 sponta the greater his joy? It is probably
harden, the face changes— the mind neously organized "gangs." Of these true, as Gibson says, "These are the
changes. The process is slow and is ll/2(/c were organized for philanthropic
two great foes of youth: tobacco and
usually considered to begin about the reasons, 3y2% secret, 4^% social,
alcohol ; eliminate these and you elim
age of 12 and end at the age of 24. It 4'/2% devoted to literature, music or
art, 8>^% industrial. 78c/< athletic. It inate myriads of other foes."
is a period of re-moulding and setting.
emphasizes the importance of athletics I realize this is a hurried summary of
Part II during this period. certain aspects of an interesting study—
Let us also consider other factors Knowing how this rapidly developing the adolescent. I repeat: the problem is
which help and hinder in the production physical individual craves the athletic not solved : there is much to learn ; but
of this new being—during that 12-year outlet, is it any wonder that Dr. Gulick only by thinking, comparing ideas and
period of change. There are those who found only 7% of the young men of the making accurate observations can we
consider that "wild oats" are necessary. country in the churches? The church advance. Let us hope that more will
The changing individual under the influ qualities of love, rest, prayer, trust, de take up this problem and help toward its
ence of new chemicals (from the internal sire for fortitude to endure, etc., etc., solution.
248 THE FRIEND October. 1924

hibition. Well she knew the havoc

Ellen Armstrong Weaker liquor had wrought among the Hawai-
ians and convincingly did she tell the
"All of which I saic and story.
part of tvhich I am." The next few years Mrs. Weaver
Ellen Armstrong Weaver saw Ha spent in various parts of the country,
waii unfold as a reluctant yet scintil though chiefly in California, seeking the
lating flower. And she was part of the climate that would prove most beneficial
land as have been few native daugh to her sister, Jennie Armstrong, for long
ters. an invalid. She came to Hawaii at the
Of an abounding and outgoing hospi special invitation of the Centennial Com
tality of spirit, endlessly energetic, with mittee in 1920 and participated in the
quick- response to all community inter celebration marking one hundred year<
ests as well as to the little things that of Christianity in Hawaii. It was while
form the mosaic of human lives and she was here that Miss Armstrong died.
make for friendship, she was a worthy Since that time Mrs. Weaver had di
successor to the father and mother who
vided her time between Hawaii, which
labored in the cause of a Christian
she loved, and California, where memo
Hawaii.
ries of many happy years lingered. She
In historic Kawaiahao Church which was in Berkeley at the home of her
her father served as second pastor, and friend, Mrs. Mary Bettis, when the end
in the shadow of which her girlhood came.
was spent, memorial services for Mrs.
At the memorial service her ashes
Weaver were conducted Sunday after
were carried from the church by her
noon. October 19. 1924. A few brief
son, Mr. Philip Weaver, of Wailuku.
words spoken in Hawaiian, music such
Maui, and interred in the grave of her
as only native singers can produce when
stirred .... such was the service. husband in the mission cemetery in the
Sweetly simple, tenderly reverent, grand Mrs. Weaver was a nature lover and her rear of the church.
ly triumphant, the memory of the expe personality was often expressed through gifts Children surviving her, in addition
from her garden. Beautiful arrangements of
rience will linger long in the hearts and flowers, of seed pods, of wild grasses and to Mr. Weaver, are Mrs. Morgan A.
minds of those came to honor a well- leaves was a gift which came naturally to Jones, of Hudson. N. Y., and Mrs.
loved friend. her. Her mother was a famous gardener
and many fine trees, now full-grown and Henry Fangal, of California.
Mrs. Weaver was born at "Stone friendly, stand at Iolani School, at Kawaia
hao Church and at William and Mary Alex
House," for many years the hospitable ander Parsonage in Wailuku as a memorial
family home, now occupied by Iolani to her.
School. Her early education was ac
Babson Pays Tribute
quired at Punahou.
later she occupied a unique position as to Prohibition
I^ater she attended Mills School in the matron in the city and county alms
California. She was married to Mr. house in San Francisco, of which her One of the most telling tributes to the
Weaver in New York, and they went husband was superintendent. effectiveness of prohibition in the fiel'l
abroad immediately. Their itinerary in Returning to Honolulu, Mr. Weaver of economics is that given by Roger \Y.
cluded Greece and many parts of the died. Babson, statistician, and authority on
Old World not usually visited by tour
Mrs. Weaver was in charge of Castle economics. Mr. Babson says:
ists in those days.
Home for a time and then for ten years
Returning to California, they estab "The great improvement in business
served as superintendent of Lunalilo
lished a beautiful home, Mr. Weaver's Home. which followed the war was very large
prominence in the financial world and ly the result of the influence of prohibi
When she resigned this position it
his wife's social charms combined in was with the idea of spending some time tion and the salvage of our former waste
adding to their popularity. Seven years of $2,000,000,000 or more each year, due
at Hampton Institute, founded by her
later Mrs. Weaver spent a winter in to the liquor traffic. I know of no other
distinguished brother. General Samuel
Germany. way to account for the great impetus in
Chapman Armstrong, and there catching
After a bank failure, which greatly the spirit of his great work. This plan. home building, tremendous numl)er of
diminished their wealth, leaving them in happily, she was able to carry out. While new automobiles purchased, the larger
moderate circumstances in contrast to on this trip she also spent some time in volume of department store sales, accom
former affluence, Mrs. Weaver was in Washington. At the suggestion of a panied at the same time by a continued
duced to lecture on places of interest in senator who was a personal friend, she swelling of savings bank deposits when
the Old World, while still retaining a rendered Hawaii a service in speaking the tendency of business as a whole
leadership in social and club life. Years in the senate in the interests of pro should normally have been downward."
October, 1924 THE FRIEND 249

Marked literary talent and keen wit During his seven years ministry on
ran through the Armstrong family. Mrs. Maui, his widespread parish included
Seebohm Rountree in
Weaver's brother, William Xevens Arm- 25,000 souls and in that time he built Hawaii
srtong, was the author of "Around the 25 churches and school houses of grass,
World With a King," published in 1906. adobe and stone, respectively, started a A NUMBER of friends had the
This book, dealing witli most unusual sawmill to cut koa timber at hand for pleasure of meeting Mr. and Mrs.
subject matter, was cleverly written and for floors, benches and doors for the Rountree of York, England, as they
is still read with delight by three genera churches and schoolhouses, and built a passed through 1 lonolulu en route to
tions born in Hawaii, as well as by new crude sugar mill, which is now a relic at Japan on the "President Wilson."
comers fortunate enough to secure a Wailuku, that his church members might Mr. Rountree is widely known
copy. work out their industrial education by among all Christian workers who are
Mrs. Weaver's pen sketches of early planting sugar cane under his direction, interested in finding progressive solu
days in Hawaii were often brilliantly and grinding out sugar and molasses to tions for the problems of present-day
• lone. The accompanying tribute to her sell to traders that came into 1 Tawaiian industry. He is one of the three great
father and to all who lalxired in the waters. Building churches and school- chocolate manufacturers of England,
early days of sacrifice is one of the last houses meant going with his people into employing more than 7.000 hands.
things she wrote. So far as The Friend tlie mountains for days and nights of The industrial policy of the works in
is aware, it has never before been pub exposure and poi diet, while sharpening York is closely associated with that of
lished. tools for cutting the timbers, directing the Cadburys and of other Quakers in
the pulu gatherers, which product was England who have become the leaders
used for filling pillows on which many of the modern movement toward co
ReV\ Rickard Armstrong, little missionary heads slept sturdily. operative management and industrial
Coming down from the mountains he justice.
D. D. superintended the buildings, wrote hymns, Mr. Rountree has often met groups
THEY nobly earned the crowns they of Americans interested in the study
taught the people to sing them, preached
wear, our forebears who brought the in a new tongue, coined words and gen of the principles of factory manage
banner of the cross to Hawaii nei. tly led his flock in ways of righteous ment at York. He has traveled exten
Bravely they carried the message of ness, even to directing the details of sively through America, meeting groups
God's love and mercy over steep and homely living as, on one occasion, he of employers and leaders in various
rugged ways, through self-denial, dis branches of industry. Among the prin
was called up at midnight to counsel
couragement, sorrow and sickness to with a conscientious deacon who came ciples worked out in his factories, is
break the bonds of cruel superstition the question of a fair division of profits
far in the darkness to inquire if he could
and dis]>el the horrors of heathenism. assist in administering the communion between labor and capital ; conditions
There is no legacy like the legacy of a for factory management representing
on the next day, without any trousers,
noble life. May their cherished memo the working groups; old age pensions
as his wayward son had stolen his only
ries be the inspiration of our lives, made pair! The missionary mothers "looked and sick benefits. The factory has
easier by well laid foundations through. well to the ways of their households" tried to maintain an. employment in
years of heroic service to God and man. and were not behind their husbands in surance plan under which their regu
Lest we forget how much the Hawaii good works. A chronicle of their lives lar hands receive wages, even if the
of today has cost in prayer, brain and would reveal stalwart service for Hawaii. works have to be closed.
brawn, let us read from the letters pages Mr. Rountree has been high in gov
of those early days. In 183) Richard ELLEN ARMSTRONG WEAVER. ernment counsels in various administra
Armstrong writes to his family in Amer tions in England and is widely known
ica from Wailuku. "My work is pleas Mr. J. C. Wright, director of the fed as a man of philanthropic and Chris
ant but arduous. I attend a meeting eral board for vocational education, tian interests.
every morning at dawn of day, and and H. C. Lane, chief of the agricul
tural education service of the same Benjamin Harrison once said: "Have
speak to an audience of about 200, visit
board. Washington, D. C, are in Hono you not learned that not stocks or
my school from eight to nine, then at
lulu for the purpose of making a ser- bonds or stately houses or lands or
tend to the sick—blister, cup, poultice,
vey of vocational education in the products of mill or field are our court-
dress wounds, give doses of medicine—■
Territory. try? It is a spiritual thought that is
then go to my study until someone calls A representative group of citizens in our minds. It is the flag and what
for advice, etc., which is often in five has been invited to the conference, it stands for ; it is the fireside and
minutes, and repeated until ten o'clock which will be held in the governor's the home ; it is the high thoughts that
at night. I am encumbered with many office on Wednesday afternoon, Octo are in the heart."
cares. In the afternoon I teach singing ber 29, at 2 o'clock. In his letters of The Federal Council of Churches of
and lecture again. On the Sabbath I invitation. Secretary Brown points out Christ in America has issued a call to
preach at sunrise, speak to the cihldren that the survey is preliminary to the celebrate Armistice Day by mobilizing
at ten. a sermon at eleven to the people, expenditure of $35,000 of federal money the World Justice and World Peace.
Bible class at one, lecture at five and on annually in the Territory for voca They recognize that "it is the high
Mondays I am somewhat blue." tional education. The outstanding aim thoughts that are in the heart" that
"I spend every third Sabbath at the of the conference will be to discuss the will finally win. And there is no time
out stations, where the labor is greater need and possible development of this for instilling such thoughts, like the
than at home." form of education. earlv vears of childhood.
250 THE FRIEND October, 1924

In talking with the teachers in the

Can me Japanese Be Assimilated? grammar schools, as well as the super
intendents of schools about the Japanese
By Rev. Paul B. WaterKouse, D. D.
children in their classes, the almost uni
ONE of the questions about which versal opinion seemed to be that there
of Japanese in the State of California.
was no problem as far as the morality
there is today the greatest diver Questionnaires dealing with education,
occupation, religion, language and future or the studiousness of the children \va-
gence of opinion is whether or not the
concerned. In fact, one of the teachers
Japanese can be assimilated in Western plans were sent out and about 2,000 re
in the Oakland schools said : "We teach
countries. plies received. In addition, many per
ers always like to have at least one or
On the one hand, there are those who sonal interviews were held with both
parents and children, with a view to get two Japanese children in our classes as
deny most emphatically that there is any an example to the other children, for
possibility whatever of a Japanese, or ting as much accurate, first-hand infor
mation as possible, in order to form a they do study hard."
any other Oriental, being assimilated.
preliminary judgment as to the probable It is of much greater value to study
They insist that he is too fundamentally
result of assimilation processes in the carefully the answers of those from lr
different in his mental, moral and re to 22 years of age. Three hundred and
ligious makeup. On the other hand, coming generation of Japanese in this
country. forty-two replies were received, which
those who have come into the closest per
is approximately 40 per cent of the
sonal contact with the Japanese, such as Owing to the fact that the vast ma
Japanese of that age born in California.
school teachers or Americanization work jority of the Japanese of the second gen
Out of this number, practically all had
ers, are equally emphatic in their asser eration are still very young, nearly 1,600 attended grammar school. 51 per cent
tion that not only can the Japanese be of the replies were from children under were attending high school or were plan
assimilated, but that many have already 15 years of age. There is, of course, ning to go. while 50 per cent were ex
been assimilated to a considerable extent. little value in replies from children, ex pecting to go to college.
In dealing with a question of this cept as they show the general tenden On the question of religion, one-half
kind, we must keep clearly in mind that cies among them. Practically all of these were Christians, one-fifth were Buddhists,
there are two kinds of assimilation, the rest giving no answer. A great
children were attending American public
biological assimilation through intermar many occupations were represented by
schools, and nearly two-thirds were at
riage, and the cultural or social assimi the parents, farmers naturally being pre
tending some Protestant Sunday School.
lation of ideas, ideals and standards of dominant, others being fishermen, tailors
thought, living and character. There is Thirty-five per cent gave their religion
laborers, teachers, photographers, florists
not sufficient data available as yet for as Christian, 19 per cent were Buddhists,
and gardeners.
scientists to make dogmatic statements, the rest gave no answer regarding their
It was a noticeable fact that, although
one way or the other, as to the results religion.
Japanese children in Japan naturally fol
of a mingling of the blood of the white There seems to be a strong tendency low the occupation of the father, 77 per
and yellow races. among the boys to become "business cent of those answering the question
Suffice it to say that the difficulties men," as they expressed it, while the naire did not wish to follow their father's
arising from difference of standards re girls wished to be dressmakers, stenog occupation, no matter what it was. The
garding the status and treatment of raphers or teachers. Scores of them most popular prospective occupations
women make inter-marriage at the pres expressed the desire to "become useful among the young men are in the order
ent time quite inadvisable. Hence in citizens." (Continued on next page)
this discussion the question will be con
fined to the ability of the Japanese to
assimilate the ideals and standards of The Japanese in this country will not be assimilated by inter-marriage.
but the second generation is apparently being assimilated in a cultural and
American life.
social way, adopting American ideals, standards of thought, living and character.
So far as the first generation is con
Sixteen hundred replies from Japanese children under 15 years of age.
cerned, the immigrant from practically
who were born in this country, to a questionnaire show:
every country of Europe as a rule re
That practically all are attending American public schools.
tains his own manner of life and thought,
Nearly two-thirds are attending Protestant Sunday Schools.
works his women and cares very little
Thirty-five per cent gave their religion as Christian.
about becoming Americanized in any
Nineteen per cent were Buddhists.
sense of the term. It is in the second
The rest gave no answer.
and third generations that we see the
assimilization processes at work and Three hundred and forty-two replies from American-born Japanese between
from which we judge the assimilability 15 and 22 years of age, representing 40 per cent of the Japanese of that age
of any particular racial group. born in California, show:
With this thought in mind and because Fifty-one per cent were attending or planning to go to high school
up to the present no one has made any Fifty per cent were expecting to go to college.
first-hand investigation of the trend of ( )ne-half were Christians.
thought and life in the second generation One-fifth were Buddhists.
of Japanese, the writer has made a par Xo answer was received from the rest.
tial survey of the younger generation
 October, 1924 THE FRIEND 251

Old Damon Home Razed; Htte Friend Founded Here

BUILDINGS, like people, ac
quire personalities and it
is often with regret that the
community sees a well-known
landmark sacrificed to the
march of progress.
The old Damon home on
Chaplain Lane at the exten-i
sion of Bethel Street has been
razed after ninety-two years of
service. It was more than a
home, though it served well in
this capacity, first housing the
Rev. John Diell, appointed Sea
men's Chaplain in 1831, and
arriving with his wife in 1932.
Four daughters were born to
them here. Later, for the per
iod 1841-1842, the Rev. S. C.
Damon, with his wife and five
sons made it their home.
The Rev. Mr. Doman suc
ceeded to the position of Sea
men's Chaplain in 1841 and
continued active duty to 1882.
It was at his home that the
"Temprance Advocate" (now
The Friend) was first edited,
copy being written in Mr Da-
Damon's study for many years. It was father and mother going out for the in 1892. The school was conducted at
here, also, that Chinese mission work in wedding. While on the boat returning the old homestead until 1910 when the
1 lawaii had its beginning. Bethel to Hawaii the elder Mr. Damon con handsome new buildings of the now
Church, from which all denominational ceived the idea of building a second Mid-Pacific Institute were completed in
churches in 1 lawaii have sprung, was the story to the adobe home to accommo Manoa.
fruition of this mission work. The Rev. date his son and new daughter. This
Mr. Damon got his first assistants from The girls' school was established in
was accomplished with happy results.
California. Years later his son, Mr. the valley two years before the boys'
Francis W. Damon, went to China to It was to the door of this hospitable school. The building in which so much
study the language and finally took over home that a trio of young Chinese came of Hawaii's notable history was enacted
liis father's work. knocking to ask for the opportunity to is gone, but Chaplain Lane will ever re
Mr. Francis W. Damon was married study. This incident furnished the in main a monument to those who sacri
to Miss Mary Happer in China, his centive for the founding of Mills School ficed for a great ideal.

named: mechanics, engineers, business farmers "work their women" in the fields, In answer to the oft-repeated state
men, doctors, social service or religious but it also seems true that this will not ment that the Japanese do not want
work, farmers, druggists, with a scat be possible with the second generation. to become citizens and would not avail
tering of those who wanted to be diplo So much for a general summary of themselves of the privilege if it were
mats, bankers, aviators, lawyers or tile replies. A few of the individual given to them, let me quote a few of
artists. cases prove decidedly enlightening. The the many replies from young people
Among the girls, stenography and son of a San Pedro fisherman says : "I born in Japan :
dressmaking were equally popular, while like to stay in America as long as I can, A 19-year-old student says: "I would
others wanted to be teachers, nurses, because this is the finest country ever like to make a good citizen of the United
musicians, authors or business women. I saw. 1 haven't any plans for the States." Another says: "I expect to go
Seventy-seven per cent of them have no future, but I like to grow up as a man to high school and to a university and
intention of ever going back to Japan and help the ])oor people. Even if I wish to be a useful citizen." A 21-year-
to live; the rest were either uncertain or were poor, I will help the other with old student says: "After my graduation
failed to answer the question. Most of my best wishes and my best love. I do I want to sacrifice my best for America,
them expressed the desire to become not know what I can do, but I like to my second native land, and Japanese
useful citizens. It is true the Japanese do right tiling always." who don't understand English." An
252 THE FRIEND October, 1924

other says : "I wish to be an American

citizen. I wish to write some books. I
Making a Christian Approach To International
wish to serve for all equally." This is Questions
the spirit of the answers throughout.
"My plan," says the son of a farmer,
"is to finish high school, enter college WHILE the Williamstown Institute made a year ago by the Federal Council
and do something useful in this world ; of Politics was discussing interna of the Churches, through its Commission
to learn the duties of a good citizen and tional questions from the economic and on International Justice and Goodwill,
to become a good citizen of the United political side, a less heralded conference and met with such a cordial reception
States." at Chautauqua, New York, was studying as clearly to warrant holding it again.
the same kind of questions from a dis The Conference took place August 18
"Although I was born in Japan." says
tinctly Christian viewpoint. An experi to 22 on the Chautauqua grounds, made
a boy who came over here when he was
just a year old, "I was and will be edu ment in holding: such a conference was (Continued on page 254)
cated by the United States, therefore
America is dearer to me. I expect to do "It is hard to fully explain things to
mony. 1 do not seek material happiness
my best to forward the interest of the my people, hecause we do not speak
at the expense and sacrifice of humanity,
country that gave me my education. the same language. I always use En
but I prefer to lead a spiritually happy
My greatest wish is to become American glish, but at home to mother and father.
life with clear conscience. Since this is
citzen." Japanese. We use such English expres
my country and because I consider it
A 19-year-old boy says : "I want sions as mama, papa, huh. yes, no, what,
American people to talk to me." The proper to abide with its religion, laws
oh, and so on. Among ourselves we
feeling of ostracism and the desire to and customs, I will not hesitate to exer
use English. If only I spoke Japanese
have Americans speak kindly to him cise my moral and legal rights. I shall well, or they English, or that I could
and help him to come in contact with consider this my country even though use English to father without embar
the best in American life, is it not ex the entire populace of this country should rassment. But no, it's always 'if only"
pressed in that one little sentence? Some desert me." this or that, always. I believe that chil
expressed themselves as ambitious along One girl's ambition is expressed in dren and parents should always speak
literary lines, or in music, and there is this way : "I would like to Americanize one common language, for what is a
a religious note in many of the replies. many Japanese living in this country to home-life unless the people in it can
A student at Mills College, 21 years think in Americanized way, so that there thoroughly understand each other."
old, the daughter of a farmer, says: "I would be no friction between Americans And so it goes, boys and girls, young
do not expect to go back to Japan unless and Japanese. If one is born here, un men and young women, naively telling
it is the wish of the Heavenly Father derstands both languages, and the feel their hopes and aims and ambitions, a
for me to do work there. I am major ings of both people, then it would be very human story. Can anyone reading
ing in home economics and chemistry easy for her to make her people under these little sketches out of the lives of
and am planning to have social and po stand. Troubles many times arise from scores of young Americans of Japanese
litical science and Bible as my minor misunderstandings. So I would like the parentage doubt that the process of as
subjects before graduating from college. Japanese to be Americanized and to see similation is actually going on and that
I have taken home economics as my from American point of view and to these young people if given the oppor
major, thinking that I may be able to understand." tunity with other Americans can really
do some social work among the women The results of a careful investigation fill their place in the life of our nation ?
folk, both American and the women of of the second generation of Japanese in Without hesitation we join the ranks
my own race, using this knowledge as 1 lawaii, conducted by the Territorial of those who argue that the Japanese
the base of my work. Then I thought Department of Public Instruction of can be assimilated, and the more thor
the knowledge of social science and Bible Hawaii, show that practically every pub oughly we study the situation, the more
will be a great help. Recently I became lic and high school pupil in the Terri powerful is the conviction that the de
interested in the Student Volunteer tory, who, under the dual system, owes bate about the Japanese would cease to
Movement and, although not a volunteer allegiance to the United States and to be a debate at all, if only all who argue
myself, I am willing to go, if God per a foreign country as well, will, upon against them could come into personal
mits and it is His desire, whenever reaching his majority, renounce his for contact with the second generation of
and whatever the call may be." eign allegiance and pledge fealty to the young men and women.
A 21-year-old young man says: "I United States aione. (A recent change It is not the purpose of this article
of policy on the part of Japan, does to advocate, in any sense of the term,
like to give my whole life in spreading
away with dual citizenship— ed. ) It an open door for Oriental immigration.
Christianity among the Japanese. I pre
demonstrates the fact that undivided The sole reason for making this inves
fer to live in America, but the cry for allegian.ee to the United States is the tigation was to get some first-hand, veri
the need of Christian workers in Japan hope of the rising generation of dual fied information as to the trend of
might necessitate me to go back." citizens in Hawaii. thought and life in the second genera
A 21 -year-old farmer's son, living in The difficulties of language between tion of Japanese in California upon
Los Angeles, says : the American-born children and their which to base a judgment as to the right
"I want to earn my living on honest parents are brought out by this 17-year- policy for treating those who are already
principles, and live in peace and har- old girl : here in this country.
October. 1924 THE FRIEND 253

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254 THE FRIEND October, 1924

in evidence. They both urged that Miss Adams, President of Con

Making a Christian Approach to
measures be taken by the United States
International Questions to correct the injustice done to Japan.
stantinople Women's College
(Continued from page 252)
The situation in Europe, especially MISS KATHRYN NEWELL AD
famous by Bishop Vincent and still at among the churches, was the theme of AMS, a former principal of
tracting thousands of guests from all Dr. Frederick Lynch of the World Alli Kaw-aiahao Seminary, was inaugurated
parts of the country. ance for International Friendship as President of Constantinople Wom
Some of the leading Christian students through the churches, and Dr. Chauncey an's College with impressive ceremony
of international affairs spoke and pre W. Goodrich, pastor of the American on June 9.
sided at the forums. The most popu Church in Paris during the war and Miss Adams w^as chosen by the
larly known figure was no doubt Major after. Dr. Lynch was roundly applaud Board of Trustees of the college to
General James G. Harbord, formerly ed when he declared : "Guns and gos succeed in office Dr. Mary Mills Pat
Deputy Chief of Staff, who insisted on pel, poison gas and Jesus Christ, do not rick, who has resigned after thirty-four
the need of an American army for de belong to the same civilization. The na years as head of the institution and
tions must choose between Christ and fifty-three years of service in educa
fense only, and championed the proposed
chaos as every heart as to choose." He tional work in Turkey. During the
American Draft Treaty of Disarmament
emphasized the need for the churches past four years she has been associated
which would outlaw aggressive war
of the world to draw closer together. with Dr. Patrick as a member of the
and give the Permanent Court of Inter
Dr. Goodrich described the tragic plight faculty of the woman's college and
national Justice authority to decide when her selection is significant of her keen
of the European churches as a result
an aggression has been committed. Gen sympathy with the young women of
of the economic collapse caused by the
eral Harbord was himself one of the the Near East and her rapid grasp
war, and pointed out that the American
group of Americans who, under the of the unique problems of their educa
churches can do most to knit up a closer
chairmanship of Prof. James T. Shot- tion.
international fellowship by helping their
well, prepared the "draft treaty" for Miss Adams inherits the spirit of
needy sister churches across the sea. missionaries and belongs to a family
the League of Nations.
Hubert Herring, the new secretary for of educators. She was born in Prague.
Mr. J. Henry Scattergood, the first
social service in the Congregational Edu Bohemia, whither her father and moth
head of the Friends reconstruction work
cational Society, differed sharply with er, Dr. and Mrs. E. A. Adams, had
in Europe, discussed the question of the gone as missionaries. Her two broth-
European debts to this country and those who think the only way for
urged the importance of scaling them America to be safe is to follow the
clown in return for agreements to limit disastrous European method of arma
armaments and reduce reparations. ments, and counter-armaments. He
Our present relations with Latin declared that it ends in. that for which
America, in the light of the Christian
ideal, were discussed vigorously by Dr.
S. G. Inman, who as a result of wide
men really prepare—that is, war. Ac
cordingly, he held that "preparedness"
inevitably urged that a "mobilization
YOU
travel and contacts in all Latin Amer day for peace" is far more needed than
are offered, free of all charge, the
ican countries, holds that the practice the "mobilization day" planned by the
expert advice service of our STOCK
of our govemnment in interfering in the War Department for September 12. AND BOND DEPARTMENT. This
internal affairs of our neighbors for the department makes a point of obtain
Dr. Royal Meeker, for three years
sake of protecting loans made by our ing the latest and most authentic in
Chief of the Research Department of
bankers is fraught with peril to our fu formation concerning the security
ture relations with the Latin American the International Labor Office of the market. This information it is glad
peoples. "Our North American Chris- League of Nations and now Secretary to place at your service, and it 'will
tianity," he declared, "will find its final of Labor for the State of Pennsylvania, cheerfully advise you as to any invest
test in the way we treat our next-door discussed the possibility of changing ments you may contemplate making.
neighbors. We are piling up hatreds, "human nature" sufficiently to get rid
suspicions, records for exploitation and of war. He showed clearly that human
destruction of sovereignty in Latin nature as really been changing steadily
America such as have never failed in and that international relations, hitherto
all history to react in war, suffering based chiefly on instinct and emotion, \%t$ A:
and defeat of high moral and spiritual
are coming under control of thought and
ideals."
reason.
Dr. William Axling. a distinguished
Christian missionary from Japan, and Running throughout all the addresses Trent Trust Co ltd
Dr. Stanley L. Gulick of the Federal and forum discussions was the convic HONOLULU

Council of Churches analyzed the results tion that the international problems of
the present day are primarily moral and So to serve that we may continue
of the recent rude exclusion of the Japa
to serve
nese and pointed out that "grave conse spiritual problems and can be solved by
quences" to the spirit of goodwill be a more consistent effort to make earnest
tween America and Japan were already with the truths of the Christian gospel.
October. 1924 THE FRIEND 255

ers are professors in American, uni The four years at Constantinople the college will be emphatically a serv
versities ; Dr. Edwin P. Adams is at Woman's College have endeared Miss ice center for the good of all the people
Princeton University and Dr. George Adams to the student body through of the land as well as for the students.
1'. Adams at the University of Cali her unfailing sympathy and her impar Since 1871 when the "Home School"
fornia. tial and frank friendliness. In char was founded which developed under
From her earliest association with acter and training she is qualified for Dr. Patrick into Constantinople Wom
academic work her peculiar fitness for the leadership that will maintain for an's College, it has been accepted by
the post of friend and counsellor of the institution its high ideals in con the Turkish government as a pledge of
women students has been recognized. duct and scholarship. Her adminis interest of many Americans in the
In her first college position at Huron. tration will have the support of an welfare work of the country. Miss
South Dakota, she was appointed dean able and loyal faculty, some of whose Adams can be congratulated that the
of women as well as professor of ling-- members have lived through many
present government in Turkey also
lish. She held similar posts at Keloit years of the finest traditions of the has made public declaration of the
College and Drury College, and re college. continuance of its favorable attitude
signed a later position at Yankton Col Miss Adams has not announced defi for cooperation in this work for the
lege to take the appointment to the nite plans but her direction insures that young women.
faculty of Constantinople Woman's
College in September, 1920. As prinJ
cipal of Kawaiahao Seminary at Hono
lulu in 1917-1918 she had already had raym 3MM3J WMMwmmwmmmmmw i W^^lSS^S^WtWl§!^^^l}!s>MLV9)J)?)X9iS»ii.
experience in a near-foreign field,'
which inspired her with a new vision
of service for young women abroad
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Ingot Iron used in construction and equip in Hawaii continues its service to the
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256 THE FRIEND October, 1924

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Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986 Phone 1491 Phone 2919

AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho

nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co.,
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Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation Henry H. Williams Metropolitan Meat
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar FUNERAL DIRECTOR
Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect Market
tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald Embalming School of San Francisco,
win Locomotive Works. Cal., also of the Renouard Training ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.
OFFICERS: —E. Faxon Bishop, President; School for Bmbalmers of New York.
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Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R State of New York; also a member
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Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer;
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 THE FRIEND

AMERICA is not primarily a civilization; it is

a Character; it is a Cause.
It was founded with a spiritual purpose. That
spirit has dominated most of its great leaders, was
stamped in the faces of Washington and Lincoln,
was burned on America's soul by the influence of
the Pilgrims and Puritans.
The Christian institutions of America, its ideal
istic standards, its eagerness to serve in great public
causes, make up the soul of our country. Though
you build an Hawaii here in the Pacific, with pros
perity ten-fold increased, with multiplied fruits of
civilization, comfort, fashion and wealth, it will
not be truly American unless it stay also Christian."
—Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, in this issue.

HONOLULU NOVEMBER, 1924 HAWAII

 THE FRIEND November, l'J24
262

1 The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd. THE FRIEND

Honolulu, T. H. Published monthly at the Hawaiian Board Book

A Unified Organization
Rooms, Honolulu, T. H.
Subscription price $1.50 per year
An
111 Representing the following companies: Address business letters and make checks, etc.,
Life Insurance
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MISS EMILY V. WARINNER,
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BOARD OF EDITORS:
WKSTERVEI.T
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H. P. JtJDD Car
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jli The Two Hartford's PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE:
:|| The Palatine \V. D. WKSTERVELT, Chairman This suggests a need, vital in many
III The Niagara-Detroit Underwriters THEODORE RICHARDS, Secretary families.
The Svea D. L. CRAWFORD W. F. FRKAR
Phoenix Indemnity Co. MISS ETHEL DAMON H. P. JCDD Father takes the car in the morn
L. G. DAVIS V. S. SCUDDER
Motor Cars N. C. SCHENCK ing, altogether too early for Mother
Cadillac and Buick
Entered October 27, 1902, at Honolulu, Hawaii, to start on her round of shopping
Motor Trucks as second class matter, under act of Congress of
G. M. C. March S, 1879. duties. Too early, too, for the kid
Acceptance for mailing at special rate ol dies to start for school.
Tires postage proFlded for in section 1103, Act of
United States and Michelin October 3, 1917, authorized July 19, 1918.
A highly satisfactory way out of
Elevators
Otis the dilemma is to purchase a
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Marshall-Field
Ice Machinery
Frick Company
We Have Served Four CHEVROLET
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Frigidaire
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Troy Laundry Machinery The short wheel base makes park
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Century Electric Co.
The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd. errand running, for the daily emergen

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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES
VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU. HAWAII. NOVEMBER, 1924. No. 10.

Some Impressions of the Hawaiian Board By a Mainlander

By Rev. D. Brewer Eddy. D D.
THE impressions of a visitor may Pacific" will have lost the beauty that
sometimes he of interest if they do The Christian institutions of America, now thrills us. When your eyes fill
not pretend to represent a thorough its idealistic standards, its eagerness to and your heart thrills over Hawaii, it
grasp of your problems here in Ha serve in great public causes, make Up is not your scenery, nor your climate,
waii. Sixteen years spent in the serv the soul of our country. Though you nor the rapid upward curve of your
ice of the American Roard has given build an Hawaii here in the Pacific, with wealth: it is the moral soundness of this
the writer at least a very deep sym prosperity ten-fold increased, with mul place and this people that give it aroma
pathy with the work of the Hawaiian tiplied fruits of civilization, comfort, and soul.
Roard and two months spent in con fashion and wealth, it will not be truly The Hawaiian Roard is set to the task
stant contact with its preachers and American, unless it stay also Christian. of keeping Hawaii Christian. I believe
officers and problems has supplied a Some one will say that America now its work is more fundamentally patri
few opinions worth passing on. includes all religions and opinions. My otic than anything I have seen here. It
The first thing that strikes me in my opinion is .America stands firm dispite is a difficult task to stand for Christian
visit to four of the Islands of this tlicsc elements. The atheistic Sunday- ideals and to keep alive the spirit of
group, is the distinct loyalty to America Schools that have sprung up in Chicago, your churches : to mold and develop
and to America's best ideals expressed the weird religious groups that have de the character of these language groups.
in the school children., in all the young veloped in some centers, do not fill out It is no easy matter to uphold an earn
people of the language groups, and in the picture of the true America. It is est view concerning the Sabbath during
every church service I have attended. the Christian heart and conscience of the later days. It is easy to turn one's back
You are more "patriotic" than we on great mass of the middle class homes, on the churches, and to follow one's own
the mainland, in some ways. It means and of those who still dominate the pleasures, but. as I understand it, the
more to you. possibly because of the thought and conscience of that country 1 lawaiian Roard is carrying a heavier
distance from "home." It was in the that keep it safe. load for the future of these Islands
face of the audience in the Mission Here in Hawaii there are manifold than for the mere present.
Memorial Building on a recent Sunday tendencies toward liberality and some
morning, where 300 young people gath New Methods for Nezv Days.
laxity of life and opinion. We are un
ered in their training for leadership in derlining the religious freedom granted In the four Islands where I have
Sunday School and Church work, that to all, but that does not mean that re studied its work, the spirit of progress
I experienced the finest thrill that Ha ligious neutrality or irreligious leaders is everywhere apparent. You have a
waii has given me- -to see those Chris fine spirit of co-operation between the
represent Hawaii's best future. If you
tian young people full of love for their
want this land to be American at its different pastors, whatever language they
America and with full purpose to this
heart for your grandchildren, it will speak.
part of America Christian in spirit.
mean that plantation managers, men of The Board's policy is already wide
They have the right idea that if Ha
wealth, descendants of missionaries and awake to the need of developing the
waii is to be truly American forever, it
leaders of public thought, must hold a emphasis on the work for the new
must also be kept truly Christian. The
deepening sense of Christian responsi generation. This last year three new
real America is not her automobiles,
bility as their birthright in this place. Japanese pastors have been called for
factories, paved highways, luxurious
homes, inventions and sky-scrapers—it We know how it came here and what work in English among the younger
is the supreme quality of the character it has meant. It has kept the life of group who cannot now be reached by
of its people, the soundness of their your Islands progressive and vital. It the Japanese mother tongue. The very
home life, the service ideals that arc has maintained a high regard for the success of the plans of Americanization
lived as well as expressed by pulpit and Sabbath. It includes all the Christian and the high idea of loyalty of these
teacher every where. institutions of our own beloved main new American citizens forces the Hawai
America is not primarily a civiliza land. If "religious neutrality" becomes ian Roard to change its methods, to put
tion, it is a Character; it is a Cause. the order of the day. and plantations in a full program of recreation and of
It was founded with a spiritual pur are just as willing to help build Buddhist social activity. Some might say that
pose. That spirit has dominated most temples, or support Mormon mission there was less emphasis on the religious
of its great leaders, was stamped in the aries, as they are to help Christian stand work than in the days of Thurston.
faces of Washington and Lincoln, was ards and institutions, then Hawaii will Bingham and Coan. but the work is no
burned on America's soul by the in become a liability and not an asset in whit less spiritual and it is no less
fluence of the Pilgrims and Puritans. America's story and your "Gem of the difficult.
264 THE FRIEND November. 1924

Friends wlio make deep sacrifices to

give to the Hawaiian Board are putting
The November Election
By Lawrence M. Judd
their money in at the most needed spot IN ELECTING Calvin Coolidge Presi- The Republican party stands for pro
to keep Hawaii Christian, to keep it 1 dent of the United States for the tective tariff and with a Republican
truly American for your grandchildren. next four years, the people of our coun President and with the opposition lack
That is your task, and it is distinctly try have clearly demonstrated that they ing the necessary two-thirds vote to
the line of work and the policy of the prefer to have in the highest office of over-ride a Presidential veto, it is safe
the land a man who is conscientious, to say that a tariff on sugar as well as
I lawaiian Board. The 80 workers scat
honest and an able administrator. A pineapples will be maintained. This.
tered through the Islands, the 13.000 man who will always use common sense of course, is a direct benefit to every
children enrolled in your Sunday in dealing with public and international
one living in the Hawaiian Islands.
Schools; the groups of young Amer questions and will invariably apply
the Golden Rule in such matters. Looking at it from the viewpoint
icans that are seen in the Christian
It is clear that a large majority of of Territorial administration, Hawaii
Endeavor Societies, in the Ili-Y Clubs, can rest assured that the Republican.
people prefer to have our government
shall not drift into a "Continental Sab administered along constitutional lines, administration in Washington will
bath," nor a "neutrality" that under following the general policies of our maintain the same high standard of
mines their religious foundation, if you forefathers, rather than to put into Territorial appointees as has been
keep the Hawaiian Board going strong practice things radical and theoretical maintained under former national Re
at its task. not yet proved worthy. publican administrations.

"Problems of the Pacific Peoples Conference Topic

By Charles F. Loomis. Executive Secretary
HAS Christianity any contribution to Williamstown Institute of Politics; J. S. mittee of the Conference. The members
make to the solution of the prob Rosebush, paper manufacturer and stu of the Executive Committee are Messrs.
lems involved in the contacts of the dif dent of the relation of Christianity to Frank C. Atherton, Chairman: Charle<
ferent races about the Pacific and the Capitalism; Dr. Frank Rawlinson, editor F. Loomis, Secretary ; Professor Ro-
world today? of the Chinese "Christian Recorder," manzo Adams, Reverend A. Akana,
It is for the purpose of seeking an now lecturing at Columbia University; Robbins B. Anderson, Dr. Arthur L.
answer to this question and for discov William Knowles Coo[)er, General Sec Dean, Dr. Tasuku Harada, Professor
ering the nature of that contribution retary of the Young Men's Christian S. C. Lee, Galen R. Weaver ami Dr.
that the Christian leaders of the coun Association at Washington, D. C. : Basil Y. C. Young.
tries bordering the Pacific are calling a Mathews of London, author of "The The Atlantic City .\fectiug.
Conference in Honolulu next summer on Clash of Color" and "Fellowship The program was put in final shape
"The Problems of the Pacific Peoples" Through Thought and Prayer." at the meeting of the General Com
for the purpose of considering "Contacts Among those who have indicated their mittee held at Atlantic City September
and Conflicts and to Foster Understand intention of coming if possible are Presi 21, 1024. Those present were Messrs.
ing and Co-operation." It is expected dent E. I). Burton of the University of Frank C. Atherton and Charles F. Loo
that 125 men and women will be present. Chicago, President Mary E. Woolley of mis, representing Hawaii : Harry N.
The American members of the Gen Mt. Holyoke College. Dr. II. II. Govven Holmes for Australia, Dr. John Y. Lee
eral Committee in whose name the con of the University of Washington, au and Dr. David Yui for China, Harry
ference is being called have secured defi thor of "The Napoleon of the Pacific" ; Ballantyne for Canada, S. Saito and
nite acceptances from Fletcher Brock- Wallace Alexander. President R. L. G. S. Phelps for Japan. F. M. Brock-
man, Associate General Secretary of Wilbur. Galen Fisher. Dr. John Finley man for Korea. R. A. Kenner, New Zea
the International Committee of the of the New York Times and P. W. land : E. S. Turner and the Honorable
Young Men's Christian Association: Wilson, author of "The Christ We For T. R. Yanco for the Philippines. Fletcher
Paul Hutchinson, editor of "The get." It will be another month before S. Brockman, Dr. G. A. Johnston Ro-<.
Christian Century" and author of mis the names of expected attendants from James M. Speers, Dr. John R. Mott for
sion study books on China; Dr. D. J. the other Pacific countries are received. the United States. Attending the meet
Fleming of Union Theological Seminary, The Conference will be held July ing of the Committee as invited guests
author of numerous books on India and 1 to 5, 1925, and is being called by a were Messrs. Jay A. Urice, Galen Fisher.
Oriental religions: Dr. Robert E. Park. General Conference Committee composed E. C. Carter, E. C. Jenkins. C. K. Cal
Professor of Sociology at the 1'iuver- of three nationals from each Pacific houn, C. W. Harvey. C. A. Herschleb.
sity of Chicago and research director of country, who were appointed by the Charles Tlurrev and Herbert Man
the Racial Survey which is just being Youn Men's Christian Association Na chester.
completed on the Pacific Coast; Dr. tional Committees of China, Japan, Ko At this meeting it was agreed that
George II. Blakeslee of Clark Univer rea, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, the objective of the Conference should
sity, who is an authority on Pacific prob United States and Canada, and, in addi be to bring together accurate informa
lems and for three years led the round- tion, ten members from Hawaii, who tion on those conditions in the several
table on Pacific and race problems at the are to constitute the Executive Com countries which mold opinion and feel
 November, 1924
THE FRIEND 265
ing toward other people : to discuss
rril I1C Waipahu Community House work
these conditions, opinions and feelings, New Workers
that their relations may be clearly ap -1- has been taken over by Rev. and
prehended, and to point the way to right Mrs. Omar J. Elugum. who have come
actions which will lead to understand back to the Islands after more than a
ing and peace in the Pacific. The Con year of absence on the mainland.
ference is not being called for purposes They were in charge of the Waiakea
of propaganda. The program will be Settlement in Hilo for three years, and
built and developed out of definite Pa
their work resulted in very great im
cific problems on which men are con
provement both in the equipment and
fused and in terms of which action must
morale of the institution.
be taken. The most perplexing of the
present problems of the Pacific seem to Mr. and Mrs. Flugum are putting the
be found in such general grouping as same sincere and consecrated effort in
the following. It is these that create the work at Waipahu and their friends
serious differences of opinion and it is will be glad to know that Richard Beck
progress toward their solution that for Elugum, a son of some six mouths,
ward looking leaders of the various peo shares their home with them.
ples most desire : Undoubtedly we may conclude from
1. Problems involved in migration and the photograph above that they are glad
immigration. to get back to Hawaii.
2. Problems growing out of the inter
national, commercial and industrial re
lationships.
3. Problems created by religious, eth Can It B< Done?
ical and cultural contacts.
The specific issues most in the minds I ,( ' EVEN the casual observer, it is wisest method of meeting this need
of peoples of the Pacific seem to center A apparent that the future social and and solving the problem facing Hawaii.
in these general groupings. Each source civil life of Hawaii will be determined The first and most natural method was
of difficulty (the question of Oriental by the sort of training given to the to link these young people to the lan
immigration into the United States for present English-speaking young people guage speaking church in which adults
example) raises issues which ramify in of Polynesian and Oriental ancestry. of like race worshipped. Classes using
many directions. To make progress to To those who have intimate knowledge the English language were organized
ward clearer understanding of and way of present conditions, this matter re in these Sunday schools, even whole
veals itself as one of the most intricate departments using English were de
of dealing with these issues, it is essen
and baffling problem which Hawaii veloped. In addition to this, regular
tial that the pertinent facts involved,
has ever faced. It is generally agreed English-speaking services of worship
expert opinions, and that viewpoints of
that some far-reaching and funda were arranged monthly or bi-weekly.
all the peoples be fully considered. The
mental changes must be made in our The success of this method lias been
conference will provide that fellowship,
method of education, to the end that good but only partial. It does not ac
scientific inquiry and method of dis
opportunity be given for training less complish all that ought to be done.
cussion and study which makes for a
purely academic and more vocational. In certain localities, another method
genuine advance in thinking on the part
That, however, is a large subject in has been tried. Where there is a Union.
of all who participate.
itself, and though closely related, is
Church (that is, an English-speaking
aside from the purpose of this article.
church, composed chiefly of Caucasian
The Christian training of these
members) the effort has been made to
young people is the particular problem
Rev. E. Guy Talbott to be considered here. A start has
link up the English-speaking young
people of Oriental ancestry to this or
To Gome been made in organizing Week Day ganization. This has its inherent dif
Religious Instruction in. connection with ficulties, and has met with even less
Those interested in the details of the some of the public schools outside of success than, the first method. To thus
campaign for Near East Relief which is school hours. This is excellent and separate these young people in their
scheduled for early in 1925, are glad to can be greatly enlarged. The com religious life entirely from their par
announce that Rev. E. Guy Talbott is to plete program for the development of ents, means the loss of many valuable
Christian character requires still more, inheritances ; it runs the risk also of
come to Hawaii as a speaker in the in
namely, that religiously instructed
terests of this great humanitarian effort. developing a precocious and unnatural
children be brought into definite mem expression of religion among the young
The Rev. Mr. Talk)tt has been with the
bership in the church, which is the people.
.Year East organization for the past only organization equipped to foster
three years and is an effective speaker Religious leaders are wont to say.
Christian living.
and a man of pleasing personality. In "We in Hawaii are passing through
For the past decate the Hawaiian a difficult transition period and we
the Islands, where he is already known, Hoard of Missions throughout its wide must have patience." That is true,
he will receive a cordial welcome. field has been laboring to find the but may it not be possible to find some
266 THE FRIEND November, 1924

still better way of handling this prob urgently recpiire food, clothing ami
lem? No universal method will fit all medicine.
circumstances. The larger city churches
are probably able, if made alive to the
situation, to take care of their English-
Suppose Nobody Cared?
speaking young people efficiently. For AN OPPORTUNITY to become
the smaller towns and villages, a new stockholders in a great com
method is here suggested: munity enterprise that pays dividend-
In these latter communities, there that cannot be estimated in mere dol
are often several churches with sep lars and cents will be given to the
arate organizations, each using its own citizens of Honolulu in the annual
United Welfare Campaign December
language. Whenever feasible, unite
1 to 6.
two or more of these into one bi
There are children playing in Horo-
lingual or tri-lingual church with as
lulu today who might never have
sociated pastors of Anglo-Saxon and
known the joys of a romping child
Oriental origin. The organization
hood had not doctors working through
should be so arranged as to give rep some one of the twenty-three organiza
resentation on the Church Standing tions of the United Welfare, straight
Committee to each of the racial ele ened little limbs in babyhood. There
ments constituting the church. The are happy families that would have
members, no matter what their racial dropped by the wayside in the struggle
language, will of course have equal for existence had not some welfare
privilege within the church. In other agency come along just when there
words, it will be truly a "United seemed to be no hope. There are aged
Church," with one single organization, men and women from whose frail
but with pastors able to use languages shoulders has been lifted the burden of
THE FRIEND is glad to introduce to obtaining the daily necessities of life.
suited to the different constituent ele its readers Miss Jean McConn, who And it is in these lives that the good
ments. There would also be one united has come from Shadyside, Ohio, to be people of Honolulu who are stock
Sunday school, including children and the head worker at Waiakea Settlement, holders in United Welfare realize their
adults. This Sunday school should be in Ililo. She began her work in October. dividends.
organized into departments and classes Miss McConn is a trained nurse and Twenty-three organizations, who-e
using one or the other language, as a trained kindergartner. She has been value to the community has beer,
the needs require. For the public wor for the past two years a home mission proved, are the direct beneficiaries of
ship service, it would probably be nec ary in Trementina, New Mexico, under the United Welfare Fund. Every citi
essary most of the time to have such the Presbyterian Board of National Mis zen of Honolulu is at least an indi
services separated so that the lan sions. rect beneficiary. For, included in the
guage suited to the hearers could be The Waiakea Settlement work is af organizations that care for the desti
used. By a slight re-arrangement of filiated with the work of the Hawaiian tute, the aged and the sick are tho-t
of the hours of meeting on Sunday Board of Missions, but it is directly that protect Honolulu from epidemic-
under the supervision of a committee that might close the port, and others
morning such separate preaching serv
of Ililo people. that help to prevent crime.
ices might easily be arranged, or if the
This committee has given Miss Mc Remember when the United Wei fan-
buildings are available, simultaneous
Conn a warm welcome, and her work worker comes to your door that you
services in separate buildings could
has begun with great promise. are not asked to contribute to one or
be conducted. The pastors of this
ganization but to twenty-three. Yet
united church would, of course, do pas Salonica, Greece, the Thessalonika of you need not "give until it hurts." For
toral work throughout the parish, and Paul's time, is today the greatest refu by pledging a sum to be collected each
many times they would do it together, gee center in the history of the world. month, you can contribute an amount
especially where families contain mem Over 480.000 homeless people are now that will help materially toward the
bers using both languages. in that area, according to figures gath maintenance of the organizations, with
This suggested new arrangement ered by the Near East Relief, and due out working any hardship on the fami
seems feasible to be followed in cer to the exchange of populations this num ly purse.
ber will be swelled to 660,000 by arri By the one big concentrated cam
tain localities almost at once. Diffi
vals from Turkey. paign for funds that six years ago re
culties in the way of such a new
Those in the most desperate situation placed the old system of every organi
method are real, and yet the results
are agricultural refugees, who are still zation for itself, a large saving of both
which might be obtained by a careful
confined in camps awaiting settlement time and money has resulted. In
and loving application of this plan,
on the land. Many of these have passed stead of twenty-three separate drive-
would more than compensate for any
two winters under dreadful conditions during the year, there is a single in
difficulties encountered along the way.
on starving rations. About 37,000 are tensive campaign lasting only or.c
J. P. E ROMAN. not covered by relief organizations and week. While under the old svstm.
November, 1924 THE FRIEND 267

there was sometimes a doubt in the your donation, to go directly, you can in Honolulu where generous hearted
minds of those solicited as to the merit so specify to the United Welfare work citizens have cared.
of the cause, Honolulu citizens are as er and be assured that your contribu That the good work of the twenty-
sured that every organization benefit tion will be credited to the organiza three organizations may continue dur
ting- under the United Welfare is a tion you desire. ing the coming year $425,000 must be
worthy one. The answer to the slogan, "Suppose raised. When the United Welfare
If you have some favorite institu Nobody Cared ?" might be written in worker comes to your door be pre
tion or organization to which you wish in a far different story than it is here pared to show that you, too, care.

The Story of a Famous Hymn and How Tne Friend P reserve Jit
By Rev. Augustine Jones

THE hymn is, "I Love to Steal A REMARKABLE story re-told in Ha- me. chatting with another lady, with
Awhile Away," and it came about "^^ waii after forty-five years! out noticing me. Just as I was rising
in this fashion : In the year when In the issue of April, 1879, to to go home, she turned suddenly upon
Washington closed the Revolutionary me and said : 'Mrs. Brown, why do
which the Rev. Mr. Jones refers, is
War at Yorkton, there was born in you come up so near our house at eve
an account of the circumstances under ning without coming in? If you want
the little village of Canaan. New York,
a baby girl. Her father was George which the hymn was written, given anything, why don't you come in and
Hinsdale, a man of good ability and by the writer's son. Rev. S. R. Brown, ask for it? I could not think who it
religious feeling, the reputed composer at the request of Rev. S. C. Damon, was, and sent my little girl down the
of the psalm-tune. "Hinsdale." But editor of The Friend. garden to see ; and she said it was
at the age of ten months the little tot, The story is substantially the same. you ; that you came to the fence, but
Phoebe, lost this father, and her In writing of his mother—the mother seeing her. turned quickly away, mut
mother a year later. To the home of who never went to school until she tering something to yourself.'
her grandparents, Allen, the little waif "There was something in her man
was eighteen years of age—Dr. Brown
was taken. Here she spent seven ner, more than her words, that grieved
said, "My mother published a book me. I went home, and that evening
happy years, and again death robbed
her of a shelter. An older married entitled "Tales of Real Life", whose was left alone. After my children were
sister this time took her in. The hus publication I superintended in New all in bed except my baby, I sat down
band was a turbulent man, keeper of York between 1 832 and 1 835 ; also in the kitchen, with my child in my
the county jail, and life for the girl another called "The Village School". arms, when the grief in my heart
became a reign of terror. She was She wrote many articles for the Re burst forth in a flood of tears. I took
made a drudge—a domestic slave. The ligious Intelligencer." She also con pen and paper and gave vent to my
years of young womanhood brought tributed a good many short poems to oppressed heart in what I called 'My
no charm or romance—they were a the same paper and to others. Several Apology for My Twilight Rambles,
desert of ghastly toil. Addressed to a Lady.'
times she wrote the New Year's "Car
As a root out of the dry ground she "In the original the first stanza was :
rier's Address" for the New York
grew up. At eighteen she had never T love to steal awhile away.
been in a school nor could she write Observer.
From little ones and care.'
her name ! Then she managed for a To her I owe all that I am, and if "This was strictly true. I had four
dozen weeks to join a class of children, I had done any good in the world, to small children; a small unfinished
the only schooling she ever had. When her, under God, it is due. She seems, house, a sick sister in the only finished
she was twenty-two she was married even now, to have me in her hands, room ; and there was not a place, above
to Timothy H. Brown, a house-painter, holding me up to work for Christ and or below, where I could retire for de
and seemingly not a very energetic His Cause with a grasp I can feel. I votion without a liability to be inter
man. Work was slack, and they con ought to have been and be a far bet rupted. There was no retired room,
tinued desperately poor. The drab or grove where I could go as in for
ter man than I am, having had such
years slipped on. Mrs. Brown had mer days ; but there was no dwelling
a mother." between our house and the one where
been now married for thirteen years.
Three daughters and a son had been that lady lived. Her garden extended
born to her. Their home was in El woman, she sought "a little sanctuary." down a good way below her house,
lington.Connecticut—if it could be where she might be apart for a brief which stood on a beautiful eminence.
called a home. There was but one half-hour in the long and ghastly day. The garden, was highly cultivated, with
finished room in the house, and this How her hymn was born, we will let fruits and flowers. 1 loved to smell the
was given over to an invalid sister. her tell : fragrance of both (though I could not
The crushing burden seemed never to "My baby daughter was in my arms see them), when I could do so without
lift. The stark poverty, the four chil when I wrote it. I had been out on neglecting duty ; and I used to steal
dren, her meagre strength,—it seemed a visit at Dr. Hyde's, and several were away from all within doors, and, going
too much to endure. present. After tea one of my neigh out of our gate, stroll along under the
She must find relief or break be bors, who I had ever felt my superior elms that were planted for shade on
neath the load. A deeply religious in every way, came and sat down near each side of the road. And, as there
268 THE FRIEND November. 1924

was seldom any one passing that way "I love to think on. mercies past. missionary to enter the Empire of the
after dark, I felt quite retired and alone And future ones implore. Rising Sun. His place is forevermore
with God. I often, walked quite up to And all my cares and sorrowfs cast beside Niishima, Verbeck, and others oi
that beautiful garden, and snuffed the On him whom I adore. that immortal galaxy of lights—that
fragrance of the peach, the grape and band of pioneers who laid deep and
the ripening apple, if not the flowers. 1 ["I love to meditate on death! wide a Christian foundation in that
never saw any one in the garden, and When shall his message come. virile nation on the seaboard of Asia.
I felt that I could have the privilege With friendly smiles to steal my breath And THE FRIEND? The singular
of that walk, and those few moments and take an exile home?] fact regarding this account is that it
of uninteruptcd communion with God was saved to the world from the Cross
without encroaching upon any one ; "I love my faith to take a view roads of the Pacific ! Dr. Damon was
but, after once knowing that my steps Of blissful scenes in heaven ; well acquainted with Dr. Brown, and at
were watched and made the subject of The sight doth all my strength renew. his urgent request the latter when at
remark and censure, 1 never could en While here by storms I'm driven. Yokohama wrote out a short synopsis
joy it as I had done." of the life of his mother, and an account
In nine stanzas did this crushed soul ["I love this silent twilight hour of the hymn and sent them to Dr. Da
pour out her apology to her lofty Far better than the rest ; mon. If this little sketch should fall
neighbor.—apology and the undying It is. of all the twenty-four, under the eye of anyone who has acce--
aspiration of her heart. What impres The happiest and the best. | to a file of THE FRIEND of forty-five
sion it should have made, one feels at years ago, he should find in the number
once. What impression it did make is "Thus when life's toilsome day is o'er, for April, 1879, some of the information
not known, for no reply was ever re May its departing ray given above. The present writer has
ceived. For a number of years Mrs. Be calm as this impressive hour never seen that earlier article of Dr.
Brown kept a copy of this cry from And lead to endless day." Damon, but it makes him wonder how
her wounded heart among her papers. many other things of priceless merit
And then the great Dr. Nettleton When Monica, the mother of Augus may have first been given to the world
passed that way and called upon her. tine, her heart breaking with grief over through the columns of this oldest news
He was compiling his Village Hymns her dissolute son, besought a priest in paper west of the Rockies!
and learned that she had written some Rome to tell her what she might do to In her later years Mrs. Brown resided
religious poems. For it was too long reclaim him, the discerning man of God in. Monson, Massachusetts. For years
for a hymn and the nine stanzas were replied. "Be assured thy prayers will be her hymn was sung to the tune of "Mon
reduced to five. The five themselves answered, for the son of such tears shall son," composed for it by her missionary
were changed in minor matters of word not be lost." son, and then the tune of "Brown." com
ing so that they might fittingly be the And the children of this mother who posed for it by William B. Bradbury,
universal sentiment of a whole congre was wont to abide with her Saviour shared with "Monson" that high privi
gation rather than the cry of a single when the day was far spent and the eve lege. At the age of seventy-eight Mrs.
burdened mother. "From little ones Brown died in the town of Monson.
ning was at hand—they, too. became a
and care," became "From every and there she is buried, not far from the
diadem of glory to her in later years.
cumb'ring care." modest cottage that was for so many
Of the three girls sleeping all un-
years her home. Beside her lie the re
The original nine stanzas written on sciously while their mother dimly saw
mains of her distinguished son.
that night of wretchedness are as fol the lines her pen was tracing through
lows, with brackets indicating those her tears, two became the wives of min
that are omitted in the present hymn : isters and the third married a prominent
deacon of a church. But the son was
In Memonam
["Yes, when the toilsome day is gone. destined to range even higher. He be Mrs. David Dwight Baldwin
And night, with banners gray, came a star of the first magnitude, shin MRS. D. D. BALDWIN, who pas-ed
Steals silently the glade along ing in the zenith of the century's Chris
away on November 3 at Haiku.
In twilight's soft array.] tian work. "Samuel" he was called as a
Maui, came to the Islands as a bride at
child, and he lived to become the Rev.
the age of nineteen years. She was born
"I love to steal awhile away Samuel R. Brown, D.D., forever memor
in Bridgeport. Connecticut. December
From little ones and care. able in the awakening of the Far East to
28, 1837, where her father was a mer
And spend the hours of setting day, the Christian message. Foreign mis
In gratitude and prayer. sions were just beginning to stir the chant. There, as Lois Gregory Morn'-,
church to new zeal. When Samuel was she met Dwight Baldwin, then a studein
["I love to feast on Nature's scenes seven, his mother one day, hiding many at Yale College, and they were marrio'
When falls the evening dew, things in her heart, wondered if God October 7, 1857. On their wedding trip
And dwell upon her silent themes, might call her son to His service in lands they came around Cape Horn to the
Forever rich and new. ] beyond the horizon. Wistfully she hoped, Islands. They located at first near the
and then and there she dedicated him. home of Mr. Baldwin's parents. Dr. and
"I love in solitude to shed In 1X38 he sailed as a pioneer missionary Mrs. D. Baldwin, missionaries then sta
The penitential tear. to China. In 1859 when Japan, sealed tioned at Lahaina, Maui. Here Dr. Mr-
And all God's promises to plead. for centuries against all foreigners, was Baldwin engaged in school work ann
Where none can see or hear. at last opened, he was the first American sugar cane planting. Five children were
November, 1924 THE FRIEND 2fD

born to them here : Lillian Charlotte,

Frdman Dwight. Charles Wicliffe. and
the twins. Lincoln Mansfield and Wini
fred Morris.
After a stay of seven years at Lahaina
they moved to Koliala. I lawaii, where
Mr. Baldwin was called to take the
position as manager of the Koliala plan
tation, then one of the leading planta
tions of the Islands. They lived here
seven years and three children were
added to the family circle: Benjamin
Douglas, William Atwater and Mary
Eames. While living here the news
came of the severe illness of Mrs. Bald
win's mother in Connecticut. Mr. Bald
win resigned his position and they start
ed for the United States. ( )n reaching
Lahaina word was received of the death
of Mrs. Baldwin's mother, so instead
of embarking they stayed for a year at
the Baldwin home ( now the Baldwin
Settlement), finally proceeding to New
1 Iaven at the end of a year with the
four older children, the younger ones
being left with friends. During the
year spent in \'ew I laven the youngest
son, Nathaniel Hewitt, was born. Mrs.
Baldwin returned to the Islands, Mr.
Baldwin remaining a year longer, as
he had accepted a position as librarian
at Yale College.
The young mother with her four chil
dren and babe undertook the long jour
ney via the Isthmus of Panama back to
the Islands. The hardships encountered
proved too much, and sickness com
pelled her to give up the care of the
baby to his brothers. Honolulu was
the next home, where Mr. Baldwin held Mrs. Dwight Baldwin with her great grandchild, Barbara Hall. Left— Her daughter,
the position of Inspector General of the Mrs. D. B. Murdock; and right— her grandchild, Mrs. Sherman Hall.
Public Schools of the Islands. After a
residence of nine years in Honolulu,
roads. Her keen sense of humor helped About two years ago Mrs. Baldwin
where the young lx>y Nathaniel died,
her over many a hard place. As a suffered a stroke of paralysis from which
they removed to Lahainalua. Here Mr.
Baldwin was vice-principal of Lahaina young bride she had much to baffle and she made a wonderful rally, and until a
lua Seminary for seven years. During try her in her new home, but was fortu few days before her death was in her
this time Mrs. Baldwin was quite a nate in having the loving care and as usual health. She took a great interest
leader in the social life of the town. sistance of her husband's parents, Dr. in the recent Maui Fair and was de
From there they moved again to Haiku, and Mrs. D. Baldwin. Slight of stature lighted to spend an afternoon visiting
where the remaining years of their lives when a young woman, she grew strong the floral and garden exhibits. Although
were spent. Mr. Baldwin passed away in her adopted land and had remarkable New England might claim her birth.
in 1912. health until her 85th year. This was Hawaii was the land of her love and
Brought up in the stern New Eng due in part to her great love of nature, choice. The funeral services were held
land way of her day, Mrs. Baldwin was her garden claiming much of her time. at the 1 laiku home. November 3, burial
ever a lover of law and order. Right 1 ler mental faculties remained unchanged being in the Makawao cemetery.
to her was right, and wrong not to be with age. She was a great reader and Mrs. Baldwin had nine children, seven
palliated. She was of a strong Chris closely followed current events of the of whom remain to mourn her. They
tian character. Her faith meant every world. The latter years of her life were are Mrs. Frank Atwater of Haiku. Erd-
thing to her. Always a devoted member extremely happy. Free from cares and man D. Baldwin, engineer for Wailuku
of the church, she rarely missed a serv able to get out in her auto, she enjoyed Sugar Company; C. W. Baldwin, prin
ice, traveling many miles over rough the social life of the community. cipal of Kaahumanu School in Hono
270 THE FRIEND November, 1924

lulu ; Mrs. W. Weddick, R. D. Baldwin, merchant of central California was "The average man is the greater
manager of Makaweli plantation; W. A. Thomas O. Larkin, who was for sev gainer from orohibition. It is not
eral years the American consul at not the men and women who work for
I laid win, vice-president of the Haiku
Monterey. On April 25. 1840, Mr. a living and are busily engaged in pro
Fruit and Packing Co., and Mrs. D. B.
Chamberlain left with Mr. Larkin the ducing the wealth of the nation who are
Murdoch, now traveling in the United
following memorandum : agitathig against prohibition," says John
States. Besides these children she left
Gordon Cooper, congressman for Ohio,
twenty grandchildren and seven great "If lumber of the following dimen
and member of the Brotherhood of Lo
grandchildren. A. B. A. (). F. B. sions can be obtained at a price not to
comotive Engineers. "It is somewhat
exceed $60 (Sixty dollars) pr thousand
of a mystery to us men engaged in the
feet board measure landed at Honolulu.
dangerous business of railroading why
Mr. Kuykendall Finds Island of Oahu including all expenses,
any wage earner would want to return
Mr. Bingham would be glad to be the
to the misery of the evils of the pre-
Valuable Data purchaser on account of the meeting
Volstead days. To say that the Eight-
INTIMATE and important details of house now being erected at I lonolulu
eenth Amendment has been a total fail
early Hawaiian history are hidden Viz ure, that the drink habit is as bad or
away in old letter and documents scat-* 20 sticks for rafters 44'/, ft long worse than before, we know is simply
tered in various parts of the world. 8 by 10 at the but & 7 by 9 inches at propaganda of those interested in the
One of the first and most urgent duties the smallest end in thickness return of a business that has done more
of the historian of Hawaii is to bring 20 beams 42 feet long by 8 by 10 to retard civilization and human prog
to light as much of this material as inches in thickness ress than any one thing in the world"?
possible. It is in accordance with this The whole to be straight & well history. We men in the railroad game
principle that the Hawaiian Historical sawed either spruce, pine, cedar or know that the Eighteenth Amendment
Commission (Hon. Geo. R. Carter, cipres." has been the greatest blessing we ever
Mrs. A. P. Taylor, Dr. K. C. Lee- There are also two letters by Mr. received. We know that we are better
brick) is devoting part of its resources Chamberlain giving further explana off morally, financially, intellectually and
to the object of obtaining letters and tions on this subject. in every other way by the outlawing of
documents from various parts of the Later in that year (1840) Mr. Lar the booze business."
United States and from the national kin sent his oldest child, a lad of seven
archives of France and England.
years, to Honolulu to be educated in
An interesting illustration of what Jxural Sunday Schools
the Oahu Charity School, under the
has just been stated is found in the re
direction of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew
in Hawaii
sults of an investigation made during Mr. Souno Inouya, the author of this
Johnstone. About the same time, six
the past summer by R. S. Kuykendall, sketch, is a Japanese journalist, who has
executive secretary of the Historical other boys, soiks of California residents
named Spence, Watson, Kinloch, Wil spent two-thirds of his life on the main
Commission. In connection with his land, and whose impressions of mainland
vacation, which was spent in Califor son, and Fitch, were sent to 1 lonolulu
Sunday Schools in contrast to those of his
nia, Mr. Kuykendall was authorized to for the same purpose. Some time prior
new home, Kona, Hawaii, are vivid and
spend time in research in libraries of to this, a Spanish Califomian youth
interesting. Mr. Inouya is a graduate ot
the state, and he devoted two or three named Romualdo Pacheco had become the University of Wisconsin. He is now
weeks to an investigation of the manu a student in this school, where he re engaged in the coffee business, but finds
script treasures of the Bancroft Li mained until 184.L This boy later be time to take a very personal interest in
brary at the University of California. came the treasurer and governor of the Christian work of his district.
The result was the bringing to light California and a member of the United The average Sunday school of rural
of hundreds of original letters, written Hawaii seems woefully lacking in vim
States Congress.
in Honolulu or in California, giving and esprit de corps. Such is the first
valuable details of the history of the Among the Larkin documents in the
impression received by one whose boy
Hawaiian Islands between 1820 and Bancroft Library are a number of let
hood Sabbaths were brightened by zest-
1860. ters written by the California parents
ful hours devoted to the learning of
These letters cover a wide range of to their sons in Honolulu, and others Biblical stories in a handsomely fur
subjects. A great part of them deal written by Mr. and Mrs. Johnstone nished hall of a middle western church
primarily with early relations between and the boys to their parents. In one However, this absence of living soli
California and Hawaii, but a consid letter Mr. Larkin writes to Mr. John
darity in the local Sunday schools doo
erable number relate to religious and stone. "Your taking charge of the chil not necessarily signify shortage of either
social conditions. Among the latter dren going from this country will be
intelligence or zeal among their teachers
are some letters of Levi Chamberlain a great benefit to them and you will
and pupils. The lamentable condition
written in April, 1840. at Monterey, confer a great favour on the parents
is due to the lack of kindred ties between
California, while he was a passenger as they cannot be educated here." One
the Sunday school and the home.
on board the barque Don Ouixote. letter by Mrs. Johnstone is especially
interesting, as it recounts in detail just Social Life on Mainland.
Mr. Chamberlain's voyage to Califor
nia was at least partly concerned with what the boys had to eat. Tn the representative mainland church
the purchase of timbers for Kawaiahao In a future number of the FR1EXD to which the writer belonged and who-e
church, which was then in process of we hope to be able to print extracts members were overwhelmingly oi
construction. At that time the leading from some of these letters. (Continued on page 273)
 November, 1924
THE FRIEND 271

Tne Ivory of Hawaii—King Kananana, About 1773'

By W. D. Westervelt
HE story of the ivory of Oahu is that they should receive a place on the
T a tale of treachery and triumph on
the part of Kahekili, King of Maui.
northeastern shores of Oahu where a
Soon the morning came for sailing
for Oahu. Kahahana, his wife, and the
noted heiau or temple was located. high chiefess who had come from Oahu
and of defeat and death for Kahahana, The cession of the Kua-loa lands, with to bring the news of his election, and
the last independent king of Oahu. this temple, would be a very satisfac a large retinue of retainers left Maui
Kahahana was the son of Elani. chief tory partial recompense. The young in regal state, while the good-bye
of Ewa. one of the most powerful young king thought that this was a "aloha" rang out over the waters from
among the high chiefs of Oahu. While small part of his kingdom and would crowds of friends.
still a child, he was sent to Maui to scarcely be missed, hence he readily When the Oahu priests in the heiaus
pass the years of his young manhood promised to grant the Kua-loa district on the slopes of Leahi or Diamond
in close contact with ove of the most to his friend. Head saw the fleet of canoes coming
noted courts among the different island There were certain gifts of the sea from Maui, swift runners were dis
kings—the court of his relative. which were very highly prized by all patched to all the high chiefs of the
Kahekili. the chiefs of the Hawaiian Islands. island that they might assemble at
After many years had gone by the The whalebone and the teeth were Waikiki and give welcome to their new
Oahu chiefs deposed their king and called palaoa. The "Ivory" was usually king. It is not difficult to imagine the
drove him away to the island of Kauai. made into a "hooked ornament" with barbaric splendor of the royal canoes
Then they met in a great council to se a large hole almost in the middle, and their occupants as they crossed the
lect a new king from the high chief through which was pased a large outer coral reefs and drew near to the
families. After careful consideration, number of strings of human hairs, white sands of the most famous beach
it was decided that Kahahana was the thus forming a necklace unique and in Hawaiian history. The canoes were
most available of all who could be ac costly. Small portions of the ivory fitted with triangular sails made from
cepted for their future ruler, and an were pierced and fashioned into beads. the leaves of the hala tree while bril
embassy was sent to Maui to recall him These were strung together and also liant pennants floated from every mast
and inform him of the exalted position used as necklaces. It was a burial head. The king and high chiefs wore
for which he had been chosen by his custom to place the palaoa in the bu feather cloaks and helmets betokening
fellow chiefs of Oahu. rial cave in which the bones of any their rank. From these the sunlight
The Maui king was wise in his own dead chief may be secreted. flashed in gold and crimson fire. The
generation and determined to make all Kahekili and his ready followers retainers wrapped their garments of
the use possible of this selection. There argued that as a slight return for the richly colored tapa around them, while
fore, he objected to the young chief's royal favor which had been shown to the boatmen whose bronzed bodies
acceptance of the place of ruler of the Kahahana in caring for him at court glistened with freshly applied oil,
neighboring island. When this objec and in permitting his wife to go with formed a pleasing background to the
tion had been overruled by the high him. he could very readily covenant to gaudy display of those highest in rank.
chiefess, who had been sent from Oahu bestow upon Kahekili all the ivory Thus Kahahana came to his own.
to bring back the young king, Kahekili which might be found on the shores of The Oahu chiefs made a display no
again delayed proceedings by refusing Oahu. Probably this matter was not less gorgeous along the sands of
to permit the young wife to go with presented as the payment of tribute, Waikiki, as they received their king.
him. Then there came another season but as a recognition of benefits re Nights were spent in revelry and days
of councils and consultations. It was ceived, and Kahahana again readily in feasting until the ceremonies of in
easy for the King of Maui to control promised the ivory—the gift of the stallation were completed.
the line of thought as advanced by his seas. At last Kahahana called the high
chiefs. It seems that they argued that This was as far as Kahekili dared chiefs and those belonging to the high
it was best for the wife to go if a to go in. his demands. Apparently the est priesthood together for consultation
suitable return should be made in some two kings then discussed the continu concerning the affairs of the kingdom.
way by the new King of Oahu. ance of the friendly relations which At this time he broached the agree
Then again it was conceded on all had bound them together so many ment that he had entered into with
sides that Kahahana was very deeply years, and entered into some kind of Kahekili concerning the ivory of Oahu
in debt to his relative for the protec an alliance by which Kahekili might and the temple lands of Kualoa.
tion afforded him and the careful and receive assistance in his wars with the Kahahana was an elected, rather
royal attention bestowed upon him in chiefs of the large island of Hawaii. than a hereditary, king of Oahu.
the court of Maui. Two. or perhaps three, years after Therefore, when in 1773, he came from
Kahekili and his chiefs were pro this consultation, Kahahana sent heavy Maui to take the reins of government
nounced worshippers of the various reinforcements from Oahu to Maui, in his hands, it was very important
Hawaiian gods, therefore they argued which aided Kahekili in the complete for him to keep the friendship of the
* An interesting anil informing chapter annihilation of the Alapa Regiment, high chiefs who had given him the
n( Hawaiian history from Mr. Westervelt's about eight hundred chiefs, from Ha
new hook, "Hawaiian Historical Legends." position. He could not assume any
A second edition of this hook has recently waii, in the noted "Battle of the Sand
come from the press of Fleming II. Reveil self-sufficient aspect and not care
and copies will he here soon. hills." near Wailuku. whether the other chiefs were well
272 THE FRIEND November. 1924

pleased or not. His power to fulfill Oahuans to maintain this independence. chiefs known in Hawaiian history as
his agreement depended upon the will The high chief reminded the chiefs "the regiments called Alapa and Pii-
ingness of the council of high chiefs to also concerning the ivory of Oahu, that pii." The A!aa regiment alone num
ratfiy what he had promised. it. too, was a proof of the favor of the bered eight hundred of the finest and
Kahahana gave in full his reasons gods. This time it meant the gods of bravest chiefs of the Island of Hawaii.
for agreeing to the demands. I le the sea. To surrender the ivory would He felt his inability to meet his Ha
spoke of the experience gained in the turn away the favor of the gods whose waiian enemies alone, therefore he
wars between the kings of Maui and assistance was prayed for in all things called for aid from Oahu. Then came
Hawaii, and stated that the bestowal ofi connected with the great waters. They the "Battle of the Sand-Hills" below
the ivory and the temple lands upon must not give to Kahekili the gods of Waiuku and the defeat of the forces of
Kahekili might readily be granted as both land and sea. the King of Hawaii. It was a dearly
an honorable return from the chiefs Again. Ka-o-pulu-pulu. the high priest purchased victory which he never could
of Oahu for the training given to their argued that if Kahahana. this new have won without the aid of the Oahu
young king. king, had come with warriors and sub warriors, and yet he was not profuse
A number of chiefs at once yielded dued Oahu. the chiefs of Oahu could in thanks for the assistance given. The
to this argument. It was a strong ap have nothing to say concerning the dis failure to win the desired grant rankled
peal to their honor. They were will position of anything belonging to the in his heart and he still nourished the
ing to pay for what they received. But island. The conqueror could do as he purpose of securing a foothold on the
other chiefs were doubtful of the ex wished with the people or the land. island of Oahu. The year after the
pediency of this action. They desired Inasmuch as the chiefs had called Ka Battle of the Sand-Ilills. Kahekili
to please their king and do all that hahana to the throne, however. "It found an opportunity for making his
honor required. Yet the wisdom of would be wrong for him to cede to an next move.
doing what was asked was not clear. other the national emblems of sov Kahahana went from Oahu to Molo
Moreover, Kahahana was not trained ereignty and independence." kai to consecrate a temple. Oahu had
to become a king. He had been kept This rather full argument from the maintained sovereignty over Molokai
at the court of Maui because he was a lips of the high priest shows the ex for some time, therefore the dedication
relative of the king. Perhaps the King ceedingly strong hold which the tabus of a heiau of any importance was in
of Maui was asking more than he and worship of the gods had upon the hands of the king as the person of
ought. the most enlightened and upright men highest and most sacred rank. On
Then arose Ka-o-pulu-pulu, the high of the days immediately preceding the Molokai there was also a large taro
chief of Oahu. one of the most far- discovery of the islands by Captain patch. This needed attention, and some
seeing and statesmanlike men in all Cook. The chiefs had deeply rooted time was to be devoted to the oversight
the islands. He understood the Maui principles of loyalty and honor toward of the repairs called for.
king and his ambitious designs for the each other, and yet the reign of the Kahekili and his advisers thought
conquest of the islands of Molokai and gods was supreme even while accom this was an excellent opportunity t<>
Oahu. panied by a host of burdens such as renew influence over Kahahana. The
Ka-o-pulu-pulu carefully pointed out continual human sacrifices and tabus two kings met on Molokai and spent
the fact that there was a great deal to extremely hard to bear. days in royal entertainments.
the demands of Kahekili which did not Kahahana and the chiefs of Oahu At the advice of his high priest, the
appear upon the surface. The sur readily accepted the views of the high Maui king craftily set to work to un
render of the temple and the ivory was priest and decided that they could not dermine Kahahana's faith in the Oahu
practically accepting Kahekili as sover accede to the demands of Kahekili. priesthood. While the kings visited
eign. It was the same as yielding the One thing, however, remained which and feasted together, Kahekili. from
independence of Oahu. Kualoa with they could do for the Maui king, which time to time, introduced remarks con
the temple and the lands surrounding would abundantly repay him for all the cerning the way he was treated in. the
it, was. in reality, one of the most aid he had ever given to this young- matter of the ivory of Oahu. At one
sacred places in the islands. Here king. They would offer fleets of canoes time, apparently as an offset to the
were kept the two war drums sacred filled with warriors to aid him in his sacred lands which he did not get. he
from ancient times. The high chief battles with the king of Hawaii. In asked for the large and fertile tract of
argued that the chiefs could not af this way friendly relations and a state land on Molokai, known as the lands
ford to give these war drums to of peace would be maintained between of Halawa. This Kahahana readily
Kahekili because the favor and protec the islands of Oahu and Maui. gave to him as land that had been con
tion of the war gods belonged to the Kahekili was greatly disappointed quered and won from its inhabitants.
king who could call them by beating by his failure to secure the ivory, the concerning which there would I>e small
the drums. Moreover, their anger gift of the gods, and the sacred lands dispute.
would be against those who had light with the all-powerful war drums, but Then Kahekili insinuated that the
ly given away the drum-voices. he covered his chagrin as best he could high priest of Oahu. in refusing the
'Then, again the chiefs must remem by accepting the offer of warriors, for grant of the ivory and the sacred lands,
ber that the consecrated hill of Ka-ua- his spies assured him that his power had been very insincere. He told Ka
kahi would go as part of the temple ful brother-in-law, the King of Hawaii, hahana that the prophet, while pre
lands. This would give to Kahekili a was preparing an immense army with tending to be friendly to Oahu. had at
basis for invasion, a powerful influence which to conquer the whole of Maui. the same time offered the entire gov
over the gods of ( )ahu, and would He heard of the organization of the ernment of Oahu to himself. Thus be
make it still more difficult for the two powerful bodies of the young gan the distrust which was to lead
November, 1924 THE FRIEND 273

Kahahana to ultimately destroy this some roads and rocky trails, and their ering appetite for book learning. But
wise and loyal high priset. In the va abodes are not suited for games and reading is generally the last refuge of
rious conversations he tried to impress youthful jollity. ( Few, indeed, are the minds otherwise unoccupied. Present
the Oahu king with the belief that the coffee planters whose domiciles possess some appealing diversion to these
prophet was really a traitor instead of more than one shaky chair). And their youngsters, and they will desert their
a friend. The king's utter lack of prin sole means of transport, besides their un textbooks as unceremoniously as any
ciple and his knowledge of the char shod feet, consists of long-eared crea group of juvenile mainlanders. During
acter of the young king are shown in tures, without even the simplest cart. the last year, when dancing parties were
the way in which he made Kahahana The celebrated animal is powerful in frequent at the local school, home
believe in his personal friendship. He nasal melody but weak in carrying ca studies suffered after each celebration.
took pains, in his wily and apparently pacity. Furthermore, no trolley, no mo Were all the quaint frolics and imme
open-hearted way, to let it be known tor bus system, is functioning in the lo morial festivities of rural Nippon trans
that tlie only reason why he had not cality. And the sequestered parents planted here, the youngsters' book devo
become the king of Oahu as well as have never yet ventured into the sphere tion would be alienated to a large de
of Maui was because of his great per of inter-racial relationship. gree. Their recently acquired craze
sonal love for his young friend. He Check Americanizing Agency. for dancing and their increasing inter
would not stand in the way of one in All these retarding factors check the est in athletics clearly attest that the
whom he felt so much interest, but this devotedly wished-for cooperation be Hawaiian-born Japanese are not such in
personal kindness must not blind the tween the home and the Christian Sun curable bookworms after all.
eyes of the young king to the fact that day school, which certainly is, next to "Play Hookey" in Japan.
his high priest was practically a traitor. the public schools, the most potent From his early recollections and from
The young king returned to Oahu Americanizing agency in the island ter his visit thither several years ago, the
with great faith in his enemy and a ritory. writer recalls that Japanese boys in Ja
likewise great unbelief in his friends. Handicapped as they are, the rural pan indulge almost as much in "playing
He began a course of action inspired Sunday schools are saved from extinc hookey" as mainland urchins. The
by his Maui advisers which was thor tion by the brown children's mania for knavish pranks are not, by any means,
oughly over-bearing and capricious and being taught, that peculiar trait which foreign to the Mongolian nature. The
finally created dissension throughout so delighted the souls of imported peda slant-eyed pupils in their, homeland,
the kingdom. gogues. And yet this apparently inordi schoolward bound, often tarry along
nate craving for knowledge stored in wayside meadows, picking and consum
books is largely due to the utter absence ing wild berries ; raiding peach, plum
Rural Sunday Schools in Hawaii and tangerine orchards ; capturing birds'
of rival diversions outside the zone of
(Continued from page 270)
instruction. Without the school, the nests ; fishing in creeks and swimming
.Anglo-Saxon stock, the Sunday school bucolic life of Hawaii is zero in. diver clandestinely in rice-paddy reservoirs ;
had its distinct social life, promoting co sion. tracking rabbits and foxes to their lairs
hesion and a companionable atmosphere. Not Incurable Bookworms. and smoking them out ; annoying song
( )nce or twice a month each juvenile birds with sling-shots, etc. But facilities
It is entirely natural and gracious for
class was entertained at a vivacious eve for such minor deviltry are mercifully
the haole teachers, unacquainted with
ning party at the home of one of its lacking here. The transplanted lads and
the way of Nipponese youth in their na
members. These functions, given in ro maids one encounters on the highway
tive haunts, to assume that the latter are
tation by all the parents, were rightfully hereabout seem strangely awed and de
dowered with an inherent and overpow-
looked upon by the youngsters as among mure. Very likely their keen conscious
the rewards and privileges of belonging ness of living in an uninherited land
to the Sunday school. Picnics and ex ruled by alien masters has considerably
cursions (for which the mothers fur We haven't benumbed their innate vivacity and
nished bountiful refreshments) were dash. Besides, the mole-like life led by
frequently sponsored by various classes forgotten the great number of parents since their
during the warm season. Sometimes coming hither also has sobered young
long-distance outings and camping trips for well-nigh twenty-five years. spirits, making them prematurely
were arranged, conveyance being sup serious.
plied by the members' families, the weal It's &e Merely "Carry On."
thier ones donating the service of their Thus the blessed scarcity of by-way
livered chauffeurs and their limousines.
The pupils from humble homes enjoyed
Christmas Box distractions and their unyouthful sol
emnity make the Oriental youngsters
we are talking about—the one we
then the opportunity of riding in mil willing students at both the public and
send to the lepers of the Kalaupapa
lionaires' svelt automobiles. Sunday schools. Without any induce
Church everii year.
No "Class Reunions." ment of social joys, with no eager
So we are not letting you forget,
In the country district of Hawaii the prompting from the homes, the Chris
either.
students of both public and Sunday tianized Nipponese lads and lassies at
Money and articles should be in
schools are almost wholly sprung of tend the church schools with unexpected
hand not later than December 1 5.
non-haole families of very slender regularity. In the circumstances they
means. Jolly "class unions" at their can hardly be expected to exhibit ferved
homes are unheard of and really imprac
ticable. They dwell far apart on dark
M ission Memorial class loyalty or buoyant elan. They are
just "carrying on."
274 THE FRIEND November. 1924

A Most Dumb Tribe. any number of even the second genera that old creature Grant who for seven
tion here evinces that bubbling, un teen or eightten years has traded on
If most of the local youngsters had
quenchable love of song so universal his wonderful African walk? "These
originated in south Europe or western
among Latin folk. Perhaps the third be thy gods, O Israel !" Tn or out of
Asia, and thereby inherited an instinct generation may manifest a keener apj Missions this "trading on his African
for melody, then the social phase of our preciation of music's enchantment. In walk" is the blackest phase of all the
Sunday schools might have been quick the meantime it seems impossible to or "quitters'' who run in and out of this
ened and enlivened by musical culture. ganize a presentable choir or a decent poor old continent of ours. Not so did
It so happens, however, that the Mongo orchestra among the adolescent Ori Livingstone. Not so did Gordon. Yet
lian race (by far the most numerous entals. And their social life will remain nearly all the runaways got their title
clement here) is, musically speaking, the sterile until they succumb to the divine —got their rewards.
most dumb tribe of humanity. Hardly witchery of song and melody. Livingstone, the Puritan
LIVINGSTONE they tell us. was
a great stickler for his Sunday. When
^1 the day of rest came round he took this
'Back to the Long Grass day at its face value and, omen nomen.
got twenty-four hours' rest out of the
Extracts from a Late Book by Dan Crawford titular Day of Rest. Every cripple has
his way of walking and this was old
"There is a best way of living life, "I spent a delightful, free evening this
Highlander's way of getting over the
and it is best to live the best way." week, says "Democritus, the well-known
crust of the planet earth, one in seven.
critic, "with Dan Crawford's new book,
"We make provision for this life please !
"Back to the Long Grass." There is a
as if it never were to have an end, and This was the day when Majiwara
pioneer air about this intrepid missionary
for the Other Life as if it were never was told to go back and lie down a
that seems to re-create the atmosphere of a
to have a beginning." while, after bringing in his hot drink at
boy's adventure book, yet these columns of
5 a.m. Later came the other hot water
Out-and-out Livingstone most surely his are real storehouses of unexpected ser
for his "daily" shave. And so into
measured up to Owen Meston's words : mon illustrations as he draws parallels be
the old grey tweed trousers with the
"But I'll tell you this: a middlin' doctor tween New Testament metaphors and the
red-sleeved waistcoat covering one of
is a poor thing, and a middlin' lawyer is metaphors of Livinstonia."
four welcome shirts sent by his daugh
a poor thing, but keep me from a mid Here is Hawaii, where Mr. Crawford ter Agnes. ITow could she surmise
dlin man of God." is well-known, the term "intrepid mission that one of these four was fated to he
ary" is considered particularly apt. Mr.
Livingstone, the Christian Explorer both shirt and shroud?
Crawford has learned, as someone has "Keep not your kisses
As to Saint David. Avoiding, as I said, "that the end of the geographical feat For my cold dead brow:
have sought to do, a slip-shod care is the beginning of the missionary oppor The way is lonely,
lessness as to fact, my good-natured tunity." He is a fearless explorer and a Let me feel them now."
reader must not be ruffled at this un tireless worker for his Master in the jun Livingstone's doctrine of the Bible:
mitigated method. Did not Roswell gles of Africa. His latest book, "Back "This is doubly the book of God and
say of his, "Johnson," that he would to the Long Grass," is a tribute to David the God of Books, because it unfolds
not make tiger a cat for anyone? Livingstone by one of the finest of his God to man and man to himself."
Livingstone's Last Journals absolute scholars and disciples. Also : In any land there is the same
ly force my hand never to flinch from you cannot be the principal person with old international sing-song of conscience:
the high dignity of his end. Deep be out having principles. "I know and God knows, and God
low the Scottish ice was the smoulder When Livingstone was dubbed "In- knows that I know that He knows."
ing volcano of the true saint and to geresa," or the Englishman he. there Also: "The O. T. opens with man
wards the end the ice is seen easily, so and then, became both national scape made in the image of God, and the X.
easily, to melt and the fire blaze. For goat and national here, the blame and T. opens with God in the image of
this reason the preachy phase of many glory of a whole race being born on man."
a succeeding line evidently reveal a the back of one man. The last stone of His Eloquent Silence
streak of heavenly coolness trickling a pyramid is a whole pyramid. Walk is greater than talk : and it i*
through his soul. Let God's will be "Honour not honours" was such a much more easy to talk about our walk
done, then in thus telling of his la^t favourite motto of Gordon that he than walk our talk. As I wrote in
trek. Underlying a lot of the super wrote it on all his letters. Livingstone the forest I see native Nature preaching
ficial contemptuousness for his king liked and lived this motto, too. When at me another parable on this same
of this nowadays, you can trace a note Earl Russel sent to prove him as to subject. High in the speckled sky is
of uneasiness that we white leaders what "honour" he coveted for himself, an eagle, ignoblest of birds, yet noblest
of the blacks have, after all, only so then it was the-ever-unmindful-of-hiin- of aeronauts. It feeds on filth down
much ability for so much liability. That self Livingstone threw away a knight here, yet it boasts companionship with
hood that had come abegging and said. the bluest heaven up there. It is the
*"BACK TO THE LONG CRASS" bv "If you stop the Portuguese slave trade symbol of royalty among the nation*
Dan Crawford, author of "THTXKTNC you will gratify me beyond measure!"
BLACK." George Doron Co. Fully illus and yet it has the most debased diet
trated. $3.00. Gordon said : I suppose you know of all the fowls of the air.
November, 1924 THE FRIEND 275

Some people prefer to call Africa Although there was no clink of gold could never conceivably agree on the
"The Dark Continent." instead of aver in it for Livingstone, off he went alone when, where and how of the venture.
ring that it is they who are in the dark along the African trail, one really white There is an African saying that "when
about it. We first begin by calling man among his millions of blacks. This the puddle dries the tadpole dies," and
the land an "Africa" that only exists one-at-a-timc path-boring business very an ex-London traveller cut off from
and persists in our white brains. No soon robs a man of any little ability be supplies in an African forest is a sorry
black man ever knew it by that name. ever had to do "team work" with an sight. One explorer I know turned
Then, down south, you have the natives other. The very configuration of the back to the ocean from near Tangan
called "Kaffirs." whereas it was the one-by-one trail lays down the law that yika because his Lee & Perrin's sauce
Arabs who first called the Europeans no two can go abreast, one must pre supply had run out. Why should he
this taunt-name, kafir unbeliever! cede, the others follow. This explains not follow L. & P.'s example and run
The geography of Africa is akin to how Livingstone, "the path-borer" was out likewise? True, he deserted his
its morality. And if you accept the a bit of an exploring despot. Edwards, companion, but this also was what the
crushing old certainty that "Character he broke with him ; Bedingfield like sauce did to the soup. The puddle was
is what a man is in the dark," then wise ; Baines likewise ; Thornton like drying, so this tadpole of an explorer
you have only to modify your noun as wise ; all four broken with because of was dying for the culinary consolations
an adjective and what do you get? this simple old certainty that while in of London. Besides, what that "prom
Why, this, that Character is what a Africa "where there is a will there is ised" book of African travels to be
man is all alone in—the Dark Conti a way." yet where there are several seen through the press?
nent. wills there is no way.
In travelling out from the border
"Custom of country, indeed !" Liv
This is why in the end he set out towns the explorer must follow the old
ingstone, with an unsmiling face that
alone : he simply "couldn't" be a sec forest rule and "cut down the dead
leaves you in doubt whether the re
ond. How could he expect another man loads." So many of the orthodox ad
marks are intended for a joke or the
to tackle native mush and beans or juncts of the explorer are thrown aside:
expression of a moral hypothesis, argued
rightly that "custom" and "costume" often the latter without the former ; and the stagey personality with the big bill
is only a case of spelling the same something neither former nor latter? of expenses does not necessarily do
Latin word in six letters instead of In the old grooves of the old lands men deeds that make history was it not Bis
seven. Therefore if you adopt the na work together unquestioninglv because marck who called a certain statesman
tive "custom" of promiscuity, why not there is nothing to question in time- "a lathe painted to look like iron ?" And
literally go the whole hog and dress honoured precedents. Here in this pio some of the jaunty gents who arrive
in the nude native "costume !" Do you neering, where every unknown mile here with big burdens themselves the
not speak of a lady's riding habit and ahead was conjecture, two travellers biggest burden of all.
her bad habit of smoking cigarettes?
Therefore "custom" means very much
"costume."
The Lonely Livingstone
Like all of us Paul plus Livingstone
preferred the raw heathen to his own
countrymen : I mean the antagonistic-
Sons of Belial who froth at the mouth
because "the Livingstone lot" seek to
go steadily and soberly on for God-i^
est. go on obeying the very command
of Christ that rescued our own land
from the doom of Africa. Watch the
Pauline order, please—which come first,
the heathen or the other people? The
Apostle puts it, "in perils from mine
own countrymen, in perils from the
heathen."
There in that order of his, there in
the sarcastic sequence of the heathen
being only hinderers in a secondary
sense, there you have the old Bible
pawkily putting its finger on the sore-
spot of Africa. For just as we unify
all Africans under the sweeping title
of "the blacks" so they reciprocate and
muddle us all into a mad medley of Fletcher S. Brockman, leader of the American delegation which is to attend the Pacific
"whites," the character of our colour Conference to be held in Honolulu July 1-15, 1925, meeting with the local Committee
when passing through Honolulu en route to China last spring. Frank C. Atherton, chair
being, alas! not the colour <>f our char man; Dr. A. L. Dean, chairman Program Committee;
acter. Charles F. Loomis, executive secretary.
276 THE FRIEND November, 1924

Whom God appoints He anoints, and little songs singing in his soul. Gordon There he waits in the drizzling rain
Livingstone's lone furrow was the exi himself was "mad" enough to do it: while his last grass hut is made. No
gency of exploration, not its egotism. Livingstone, likewise had a dash of this bedstead ? Then cut your saplings and
I Setter than any of us did he know divine madness in him, St. Paul l>eating make one. No mattress? Then pull
that when a man is wrapped up in him both of them with his "we are fools up a great bundle of grass growing on
self he makes a pretty small parcel. "I for Christ's sake!" the spot, each stalk of it longer than
think," said he, '"one may be quite safe People have laughed at Livingstone any bed. No matches owing to swamp
if alone and without anything to excite for stepping out in his old age like a ing in the wet? Then he gets his light
the cupidity of the natives. I1. I', with no guaranteed salary. Baf from a wild fig-stick twirled cleverly
It is admissible to remember that this fled, but not beaten. Sir Roderick Mur- to ignition. (The pyramid is narrow
ex-missionary Livingstone is a living- chison. President of the R. G. S. makes ing to the top.) No more coffee? Then
and-dying lesson to all past-tense preach straight for simple other-worldly Liv he does without it. No more bread?
ers. The days of his ''contract liabil ingstone, who at once capitulates on the That, too, is done without. No more
ity" to preach are over. 1 Tad he not on-acsh phase of this, his last loyal breath ? ( Now for it. David ! ) Life's
given his word, once for all, to his own venture. long last one. Long last one.
soul and to his God? Past-tense Mis True. Sir Roderick promised this and Even when he lay down for the last
sionaries ? Is it a Stokes hanged in that, but Sir Roderick's arm of flesh time with dysentery and confessed Anno
the African forest, or a Fenwick hunted was soon dead in the dust. Yet God Domini had conquered, we have seen
for days in the marshes until finally has a host of helpers who knights in the flag of faith flying to the very end
killed for his crime? deed if not in name. "Doctor Living over his little grass hut. Surely never
Livingstone, the Non-Swashbuckler stone doing it all without a salary ?" did Blake's phrase win to its own as
Owing to the truculencies of modern said the incredulous American million in the case of the dying Doctor's hut,
literture I am painfully aware this aire Bennett, "a Lord-will-provide ex "under the thatched roof of rusted
sounds far too "preachy:" sympathy pedition? Of course, the Lord provides gold."
with reckless adventure divorced from and I am going to help Him." So he lay dead to the wild scream
moral considerations is a too human Livingstone's Obsession ing and "stridulous coughing" of the
trait. There is no shorter cut to the Once too often did this great and earlv hemp smoker with the gourd pipe.
idolatry of men than by the path of good D. L. indulge the fine but fatal So he lay about one Jesus of Naza
courage, let the motives be good or propensity of letting his high hopes un reth who was born in a cattle-stall in
bad. Was not Lord Brougham so cap seat his higher judgment. There are the year of Augustus's first enumeration
tivated by the devil of Paradise Lost men who after passing middle life find —but His goings forth are of old, from
that he said he was sorry he did not every plan gp to pieces, every expecta everlasting.
win ? tion frustrated. But not nearly so with Afar the golden-creasted crane is call
When Josh Billings with a merry Livingstone. ing.
twinkle, said that "next teiv being rir- Long before he said what long later
teivons, I 'would like tew be tuff," he he had to live to the last letter "The end NEWS of the death of Mrs. Marga
won the laugh but lost the logic of the of the geographical feat is the begin ret Camp Mason on September
tiling. Missed, I mean the easy and ning of the Missionary opportunity." 22. has been received in Honolulu,
elementary point that the toughest thing "I am," said he. "I am a Missionary, where Mrs. Mason visited some years
on the planet is virtue. Take it logically heart and soul : God had an only Son, ago with her cousin, Mrs. Agnes H.
or philologically, "zirtue" is only spell and He was a missionary and a physi B. Judd.
ing "virility" in six letters instead of cian. A poor, poor imitation I am or Mrs. Mason was eighty years of
eight : and what is true and trusty wish to be. In this service I hope to age at the time of her death.
toughness if not that or nothing? live in it, I wish to die." She was a member of one of the old
Too long the blessed backbone of this Not that this will-of-the-wisp chase est and most prominent families in
word, virtue, has been ignored by the lacks one single element of sublimity northern New York and the old Camp
manhood of the land. But as surely in it. Why forget that he did it all home where Mrs. Mason spent the
as God, The All-Virtuous, is also the in g(K)d faith and better and better com greater part of her life is one of the
all-Strong, so sure is it that man made pany? Did not Alexander the Great historic landmarks of that section. It
in His image should have a nature akin dream of visiting those very founda was there that Mrs. Judd spent many
to his name should be vir, the virile tions of the Nile? Did not Ceasar say of her girlhood summers. Built by
man with virtue, the virile nature. he would leave Throne and Empire if Colonel Elisha Camp in 1814. it has
This explains and almost extenuates he might but see those wonderful dream been the scene of many brilliant fes
the molten-lava language of many a fountains ? tivities in its more than a century of
young man who has revolted against Hence his method in his madness: existence.
this emasculation of manhood. The im hence the fact that fanning the flame of In 1913 when the monument in
peachable patois dc Canan of the pietist Livingstone's life on to his last forlorn memory of the Battle of Sackets Har
is just as pernicious as the baser brag gasp was this glorious vision of a sort bor was erected. Franklin D. Roose
of the Sons of Belial. of Northwest Passage in these four velt, then assistant secretary of the
Livingstone, the Man of Faith legendary fountains of the Nile. navy, was among forty guests enter
Livingstone it was who met England's The Death of Livingstone tained at the Camp home. Incidentally,
no-salary challenge, and, S'cnibarqucr The last stone in a pyramid is a the battlefield was donated by the heirs
sans biscuits, marched off in faith with whole pyramid. No tent to sleep in ? of Colonel Elisha Lamp.
November, 1924 THE FRIEND 277

A lour on Behalf of International Friendship

T~\URIXG a recent trip' round the By William C. AlUn
tion of righteousness and may possess
-*-' world I carried a message of Chris a very tender heart.
Federal Council cannot be forgotten.
tian greeting to ministers abroad from Pitiful economic disaster to many mil The scientifically-based economic de
the Federal Council of the Churches of lions of non-Christians caused by the velopment of the United States is pro
Christ in America. "Christian Wars," has been spread over ducing an unsatisfactory feeling toward
In Japan I discovered much relief that part of the world. In Java, as in us in portions of the British Empire.
among Christian people, eminent states other countries, the meetings I held This unfortunate situation must be reck
men and financiers with whom I was were occasionally the first times in which oned with by those who are alive to
brought into contact because of the con different denominations waived their the need of the maintenance of mutual
clusions arrived at by the Washington conservative attitude toward each other regard and friendship between our two
Conference. (Mr. Allen's article was and met together. There were in Java great peoples. There arc men and
written before the blow of the exclusion numerous desires expressed to get into women throughout the Empire wdio
clause fell. — Ed. ) The halting of Ameri closer touch with the American Churches from the noblest considerations have
can and British naval expansion dislodg and for the Federal Council Bulletin. been desiring the United States to enter
ed their fears to a large degree, and was a League of Nations, but I regret to
Australia has suffered horribly from
resulting in an immediate lowering of say that I have found many who want
losses in men. money, morals during
taxation. The genuine attitude toward us to join, hoping thereby we will be
and since the war. Her longing for a
America was distinctly friendly. Wher come interested in what they hope will
great armament, with accompanying re
ever I have met Englishmen on sea or practically be an alliance with the Em
grets that her pecuniary resources do
land during the past eighteen months, pire to promote the imperialism that re
not admit of its creation, is everywhere
I have observed the same result. The ceived such a stimulus from vast terri
noticeable. Many churches have not
Britishers' apprehensions, caused by the torial acquisitions at the so-called peace.
recovered from the era of empty pews,
intent of the United States and Japan losses of young men by death, or worse "England and America can rule the
prior to the Washington Conference to world if they join "has epitomized the
than death, all over the land.
enlarge their navies, had been largely talk that T have heard. I confess to a
The South African churches, with the
removed. With the dimunition of alarms disbelief in the permanency or value of
exception of an anxious leadership are
there has been less suspicion, and con a League largely based on such ho|>es.
not particularly interested in peace.
sequently less ill-will. One only regrets Soon we would be compelled to take
Wars with the Boers and natives since
that the Washington Conference did not sides in the hatreds and struggles of
the original occupation by the British
agree to more complete reduction of Europe, our advice would not be fol
have left their sting. Internal strife and
armament on sea, land and in the air. lowed, enimities would be created and
apprehension by most of the people that
Everywhere I have found dread again the idealism of America would receive
at any time, either because of civil war
developing because of prodigious prepa another blow. A genuine League, found
or on behalf of the Empire, they may
rations for mutual slaughter in ways ed on a real internationalism will be
be called upon to take up arms, does not
not considered at the Conference. Men. successful. My feeling is that a World
make that country a fruitful field where
women and children are to be indis Court will ultimately be acceptable to
in to sow the seeds of internationalism.
criminately destroyed in the "next war." our English brethren and carry with it
In that land I also had numerous fairly
Throughout the Far East the in a definiteness and safety that will be
well attended meetings with ministers,
crease of population within narrow lim of profound value to the world.
principally those of the English or Scot
its, the vast areas of uninhabited por I have been painfully impressed when
tish stock.
tions of the world held by governments not associated with the relatively small
Way opened for addressing clubs
of European stock who refuse the Yel number of people who are pacifists, or
low races the privilege of settling there composed of prominent business men in
who possess the international heart, to
in, the encroachments of the white race some of the larger cities. Although in
detect among the great mass of young
the past few decades on the political most instances these clubs included a
men particularly a loss of faith in
and geographical rights of the Yellow small proportion of church members,
leadership. This is a dangerous sign
peoples is leading to a spirit of resent the facts I laid before them and the of the times. These young men feel
ment. appeals I made on behalf of business they are the victims of war and con
In Java my mission was altogether and international friendliness, secured scription often engineered by older men
unique, but the cautious Dutch Church resjjonses as warm as any from the who may make prestige or profit out
people gave me the right hand of fel church groups. Leaders of commercial of international discord. They claim
lowship. Java has thirty-five million bodies often not only have a broader that they have lost confidence in their
people and an active Dutch church rep world vision which, it seems to me, statesmen because of brutal misman
resentation amid the native life. I was every genuine Christian may have, but, agement of their international affairs, in
at Bandoeng at the time of the yearly often they are especially open to the their newspapers because they have too
conference of the Dutch Reformed preaching of the value and the need of frequently become the machinery of
Churches for all the great Dutch East practicing the ethics of Jesus Christ. false propaganda in the interest of
Indies and the sympathy experessed with The "hard-headed business man" fre- politics or commercialism, in the
my address and the peace work of the quently has a deep underlying apprecia- churches because whilst the churches
278 THE FRIEND November, 1124

profess a religion of love they, at gov commonly there is a contempt for lead the Church people in the United States.
ernmental bidding have indulged fiercely ership, a belief that reform is impossi Would we be any better if fed on
in war and its spirit. So these young ble and that anything may be better the same sort of "news" they are? I
men confidently talk whatever our own than the existing order. I fere is a chal question it. T have addressed many
opinions may be. With all this loss of lenge to the people of Christ to live a church councils, Synods, Assemblies
faith, I have failed to discover the better way— do we accept the challenge? called meetings, etc., and am happy to
idealism —happily still vibrating among The example furnished by our Federal say that in many instances my appeal.-
many of the youth of America—that Council Ins a wide influence abroad— have led to a clearer conception of the
may lead to better things. Instead, too, and is of more value than many of its American position. I have often l)een
supporters may realize. The misinfor told by keenly interested brethren that
mation and innuendoes regarding Amer my efforts will bear much fruit. These
ica so constantly placed before the peo expressions have indicated how the
ples abroad by their newspapers tends hearts of concerned church Jeader-
to create a narrow and self-satisfied abroad long for the advent of a better
sort of patriotism which resents listen international situation, and that the
^BIbb '■
ing to facts or the acknowledgment of churches are increasingly responsible
honest Christian motives on the part of with respect to its consummation. Often

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November, 1924 THE FRIEND 279

the rousing votes of thanks and accom ment positions everywhere young Chris Who can estimate the value and out
panying' speeches following my addresses tian men of American college training. come of the conversion of a boy ?
have revealed our nearness to each other He was tremendously impressed with What if Brigham Young had been
in the bonds of Christ. Frequently, the Korea and pronounced it one of the most powerfully converted when he was a
officers of Church bodies were instructed little boy : what a different page might
interesting places he had ever visited.
to send replies by letter or through me have been written in American history !
"Japan is frank to admit her mistakes in I dare say that as an evangelist he would
to the Federal Council expressing their
Korea," he said, "and has reversed her have been the equal of Charles G. Fin
sense of our fraternal oneness in Christ.
policy. Japan feels that to possess Korea ney or D. L. Moody. What a splendid
It is to he hoped that men, filled with
love for Christ and humanity, will en is essential in order to protect her for work some Methodist would have per
gage in this work of reconciliation. My eign relations, but is up against a tre formed if he had gotten hold of a little
general impression is that the cause of mendous race antagonism. Her idea lad by the name of Brigham Young and
International Friendship through church now is that Korea should come to some led him to Christ !
life is increasing abroad. form of self-government and become a To be more modern, take Al Smith.
Suppose some pastor full of zeal had led
dominion in relation to Japan as Canada
little Al to Jesus, gotten him into a Sun
is to Great Britain. And while Japan
day school, what a big fish he would
Dr. Palmer Tells of still appears to be making mistakes, the
have caught ! He might have surpassed
improvements she has made are every Billy Sunday as an evangelist.
Oriental Trip where evident. Reforestation, new hos Oh, well, this field of speculation is so
TIIF product of Dr. Albert W. pitals, railroads and schools are among large we can easily get lost in it ! Every
Palmer's seven years in Hawaii is the improvements. He feels, however, body would condemn the father who
not alone the beautiful "Church in a that it is a mistake to build a Shinto would see his wheat ripen, fall and rot,
Garden," nor yet an inspiring memory of temple on a prominent hill and to force while he pitched horseshoes, or played
things said and ideals set forth, but a Korean children to bow to the picture of marbles. How much more to be cen
the Japanese emperor. The problem of sured the pastor and congregation who
host of friends.
Korea to Japan is somewhat akin, he would let the years go by and neglect the
And a large number of these—as precious immortal souls that could be
many indeed as the Games Mall at the said, to the problem of Ireland to Eng
easily brought into the kingdom if they
central Y. M. C. A. could accommodate land.
only had a revival ! Perhaps we ought
and more than a corps of cooks could Of tremendous interest was Dr. Pal to become so interested in souls that we
take care of for lunch—gathered to say mer's account of conditions in China would feel any meeting is a great meet
Aloha and God-speed to Dr. Palmer and his personal estimate of General ing if even a little child be soundly con
and his family Saturday, November 22, Feng. This, China's popularly known. verted to Christ. Let's have a protracted
when they passed through Honolulu en "Christian general," may yet turn out meeting, and pray God to turn it into
route to their new home in Chicago to be the George Washington of the a revival, and bring souls to Jesus!—Dr.
after a seven weeks' trip through the country, he believes. Dr. Palmer was H. C. Morrison.
Orient. in Peking when General Feng executed
It was a "Friendship Lunch," ar his coup d'etat and everywhere his sol In an effort to gain first-hand knowl
ranged jointly by the Y. M. C. V. the diers were stationed order and discipline edge of conditions in the Philippines
Y. \V. C. A. and Central Union Church. prevailed. which will bear upon the religious and
And as is always the case in Honolulu "The hope of China," he said, "is in work among Filipinos carried on by the
when a big public gathering is arranged, the student group, though it is antici Hawaiian Board, the Rev. Norman C.
those present were representative of pated that great strides will be made at Schenck will leave for the Philippine Isl
many races. the coming peace conference at Tientsin, ands on December 6th. Mr. Schenck
Dr. Palmer was in touch during his where leaders from all over the country heads the Filipino Department under the
stay in the Orient with outstanding men. will gather, adopt a policy and appoint Board. Me will make various mission
He told, after lunch, of the innate kind a party to carry it out. and social centers his headquarters dur
ness with which he was greeted by lead Less intimately than he would have ing the two months he plans to spend in
ers in Japan. How these men are done before bis own church group, but the Philippine group. On the return he
stunned by the blow of the Exclusion in a most interesting way. Dr. Palmer will spend a month in China.
Clause, but are yet willing to believe told of the work which is being carried
that the heart and conscience of America forward in China by Central Union's Returning with Mrs. J. P. Erdman
is not represented by this act. They are missionaries. Rev. and Mrs. Dean R. from the East recently was Miss Doro-'
hurt rather than angry and believe that YVickes and Rev. Rowland Cross. The thy Vernon, of Montclair, N. J., a neice
the passage of the law. without regard latter is working wholly among the stu of Mr. Erdman. Miss Vernon has had
to the amenities of diplomatic courtesy, dents and is accomplishing a strategic valuable experience in social service
and with an abruptness that precluded task. work, being for a year with the
fair play was a slap in the face of Following the luncheon Dr. Palmer "Church of All Nations." on First Ave
Japan. met with the men locally in charge of nue in New York, and for the past year
Dr. Palmer was impressed with the the coming Christian Conference of the and a half one of the investigators with
growth of an indigenous Christianity in Pacific, bearing them messages directly the "Association for Improving the Con
Japan. He found in important govern from leader in the Orient. dition of the Poor" of Brooklvn.
280 THE FRIEND November, 1024

In the opinion of the Outlook, the that only eight out of 1,000 sick in have answered the question with the
agreement recently concluded between China ever reach the Western-trained words of the Apostle Peter to Cor
China and Soviet Russia marks, at doctor. nelius, the Roman centurian : "Of a
least on. paper, a new era in the diplo truth I perceive that God is no re
matic history of China. "It places specter of persons ; but in every nation
At the opening of 1924 the Catholic
that Far Eastern nation for the first he that feareth him and worketh right
Church in China had 2,208.800 adher
time on an equal footing with a West eousness is acceptable to him."—The
ents ; 57 bishops ; 2,552 ordained priests,
ern Power—a Power temporarily eclip Missionary Herald.
of whom 1,071 are natives. Of the
sed but none the less potentially great."
clergy. 18 are at Tibet.
China, it is claimed, has realized her
aspiration to recover at least from one
nation the rights which she believes The North China Herald (leading N. S. Sachs Dry Goods Co., Ltd.
were unjustly wrested from her by the secular organ), in replying to the ma
1 16 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
concerted action of the advanced Pow liciously untrue criticisms of mission
ers. Ry a stroke of the pen she has aries by the French writer. T. Simpson
Carson, speaks of the world-wide mis THE STORE WITH MERCHAN
made theoretical recovery of the rights
for which she so long struggled in sionary enterprise as something which DISE OF A DEPENDABLE
vain. The achievement is credited to historians will, perhaps, regard as the QUALITY
that eminent Christian, D. C. T. Wang, outstanding characteristic of the cen
who laid the groundwork of the agree tury in which we live.
Agents for
ment, and Dr. Wellington Koo, who
brought the parley to fruition. This, One of the speakers at the Institute Butterick Patterns and
it is recognized, is the surface meaning of Politics at Williamstown was Yusuke
Publications
of the agreement. Beneath the surface Tsurumi. who is an outstanding figure
it may have another and almost an op in Liberal Young Japan, concerning
posite significance. As we have read which he has been writing most inter
of these negotiations and of the Chi estingly to the American papers. Mr.
nese elation over the same, we have Tsurumi is not lacking in this world's
wondered if we might not apply China's goods, having married the daughter of
own proverb : "He that rides a tiger the famous Viscount Goto. Refusing,
can never dismount." however, a commercial career, he is
devoting himself to public and patriotic
affairs. Following Williamstown., Mr.
The trustees of the Canton Christian
Tsurumi has been invited to lecture at
College, one of the foremost missionary the Universities of Harvard. Yale, Co
institutions of the world, announce the
lumbia. Dartmouth. Princeton, and
election of James McClure Henry. D.I).,
Pennsylvania. His article in the Out
as president of the College in China, to look for September 24 is worthy of
succeed Charles Keyser Edmunds. careful reading, especially on account
Ph.D.. president during the past seven to take pictures now that in the lu-
of its biographical sketches of Japanese
teen years, who has recently become ture will be priceless. Kodaks at
leaders, several of whom illustrate the
provost of Johns Hopkins University. all prices.
Christian spirit and point of view. Mr.
Dr. Henry is a graduate of the Uni Honolulu Photo Supply Co.
Tsurumi tells of a brilliant young
versity of Wooster, Ohio, and of Union Liberal from Japan who wanted to be Fort Street
Theological Seminary. He has been a come a Christian, but before taking the
member of the faculty of Alma College, radical step of baptism asked the teach
pastor of Peck Memorial Chapel at
er, whose counsels had been most help
Washington, and assistant in Sys ful to him and who had aroused in him
tematic Theology at Union Theological an emotional response to the new faith,
Seminary. He joined the Canton Col
lege faculty as executive secretary in
this question. He asked if all those
who. through no fault of their own,
American Factors
1919, and was later made vice-president. had been ignorant of Christian, doc Ltd.
He therefore brings to his important trine must remain forever out of
task a strong personality and a ripened heaven. When he was told that all
experience. such necessarily were denied salvation, Sugar Factors
he found that he could not accept such Wholesale and Commission Merchants
China now has over three thousand a religion. We suppose there are Chris
Insurance Agents
qualified medical practitioners in the tians so ignorant as to give such a
country. Dr. W'u Lien Teh estimates reply to an inquiring Japanese. It is
that on the most liberal basis there hardly necessary to say that the reply Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua, T. H.
are only 10,000 trained practitioners. is not in any true sense representative San Francisco
To meet the actual medical needs of of the Christian message which has New York
China, no less than 400.000 doctors are gone to that country. Had this teacher
called for. Dr. Harold Balme estimates known his New Testament, he would
 THE FRIEND

"And so, rightfully, this first generation of mission children, having restored
the oldest school house in Honolulu to its original beauty and substantial useful
ness, is now passing it on to succeeding generations. Memories of well-nigh a
hundred years cluster about this house, memories that make of it a sacred spot
in this historic town. For almost a century these old walls have sheltered and
nurtured the inquiring minds of children and youth. When these adobe blocks
were first "laid up," Honolulu was a village of thatched houses straggling along
across a barren, dusty plain. Today, a growing, blossoming city rises about our
old school house, almost hiding it from the busy thoroughfare. But its initial
purpose is not forgotten, nor its beauty neglected. To no better purpose could
the remaining years of this serene, stately building be devoted than to be given
over, as has now been done, to the training of the city's youngest children, that
they may feel here, perchance, the glow of high endeavor, of loyalty, and of
unstinted self-sacrifice."

Articles by
Dr. Romanzo Adams
Willard E. Greens
A Kamaaina Group
telling rhe Story of fne Mission School House

HONOLULU DECEMBER, 1924 HAWAII

286 THE FRIEND December, 1924

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F. S. SCUDDER
EDITORS:
H. P. JUDD Car
Phoenix Assurance Co., Ltd.
The Two Hartfords PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE:
The Palatine W. D. WESTERVELT, Chairman This suggests a need, vital in many
The Niagara-Detroit Underwriters THEODORE RICHARDS, Secretary families.
The Svea D. L. CRAWFORD W. F. FREAR
Phoenix Indemnity Co. MISS ETHEL DAMON H. I'. JUDD
Father takes the car in the morn
L. G. DAVIS F. S. SCUDDER
Motor Cars N. C. SCHENCK ing, altogether too early for Mother
Cadillac and Buick
Entered October 27, 1902, at Honolulu, Hawaii, to start on her round of shopping
Motor Trucks as second class matter, under act of Congress of
G. M. C. March 3, 1879. duties. Too early, too, for the kid
Acceptance for mailing at special rate ol dies to start for school.
Tires postage provided for In section 1103, Act of
United States and Michelin October 3, 1917, authorized July 19, 1918.
A highly satisfactory way out of
Elevators
Otis the dilemma is to purchase a
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Marshall-Field
Ice Machinery
Frick Company
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Miscellaneous
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The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd. errand running, for the daily emergen
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 THE FRIEND OLDEST NEWSPAPER WEST OF THE ROCKIES

VOL. XCIV. HONOLULU, HAWAII. DECEMBER. 1924 No. 12.

Opukahaia Memorial For Honolulu

THAT the memory of Henry Opuka can point to one outside of the world of
haia may be perpetuated in Hawaii. God, evidently more clearly sent as a
a statue of the youth. Hawaii's "Herald messenger of God. Did it just happen
of the Dawn," is proposed by Mr. that he (shall I say poor, ignorant, un
Charles S. Bates, a member of the Pru tutored, heathen youth ) went to that
dential Committee of the American place in the United States where in
Hoard (A. B. C. F. M. ). those years 'The Light' shone brighest.
Mr. Hates spent two months here re "To solve the problem, how much we
cently, coming as a member of a family peed to realize that with God 'all things
party headed by Dr. D. Brewer Eddy, are possible.' When ( )pukahaia came
supply minister at Central Union Church. to know God whom to know aright is life
With Mr. Eddy, whose service to Hawaii eternal, of what material was he made,
combined also a survey of Hawaiian that out of his background and environ
Hoard work, Mr. Hates visited many ment, such spiritual power became hi i
parts of the islands. At Xapoopoo he that his zeal for Christ and love for his
was impressed with the historic signifi people could inspire the first American
cance of the old stone heiau and the Hoard Mission to Hawaii. Perhaps to
brief inscription which marks the spot. one not thinking or knowing much about
This impression is best told in the fol his tremendous accomplishment, it is
lowing paragraphs from a letter Mr. taken as a matter of course, and dropped
Hates wrote for the public press on the there, but with those who have some
eve of his departure for the mainland : knowledge of the difficulties which he
tions and for the Light, the Salvation, must have met and overcome, he will be
"I was on the shore of Kealakekua and the Glory of God, which is revealed placed among the heroes and martyrs of
Hay on the Island of Hawaii a few to us all in Jesus Christ His Son. Look the Church of the Living God. Was he
days ago. Under the spreading branches ing down the history of the ages, who not the 'Herald of the Dawn' to these
of two trees, just before the old temple
Islands? He went out and under God
of I.ono, I found a slab with the fol
caused the messengers of Christ to be
lowing inscription: 'In memory of Henry Concerning Mr, Bates sent to these Islands.
Opukahaia, born Kau 1792, lived Xapoo
* * * *
poo 1 797- 1 809, lived in Xew England A member of the Prudential Committee
until his death at Cornwall, Connecti of the A. B. C. F. M., Mr. Bates' contri "When the messenger arrived, there
cut, 1818. His zeal for Christ and bution to foreign missions is perhaps unparal was no printing press west of the Mis
love for his people inspired the first leled in the history of the world. souri River. History tells their story.
American Board Mission to Hawaii in He is a shoe manufacturer of Electer, What a wild, off-the-map place this was!
1820.' New Hampshire, who several years ago Finely educated young men and women,
"I looked long at this and the founda made a promise to give half to foreign mis the pick of Christian civilization among
tion of the old heathen temple behind sions when his income should have arrived at the young people of that day, humble,
it. and then the veil was swept aside for a certain figure He began by supporting a faithful, taking up His Cross and fol
a few minutes and I saw this Hawaiian small group of native workers in China, grad lowing him into a strange country among
youth of 16, living there in Xapoopoo, ually increasing the scope of the work until a strange heathen people, giving life and
over one hundred years ago. His spirit he is personally responsible for the support of willing to die, if need be. that His life-
was restless, there seemed to be a call 230 workers under Watts O. Pyce, China's giving word might be made known in
to go away somewhere, he couldn't know well-known missionary strategist. Others in these Islands. Sent out and supported
where. Neither did Abraham know Africa and India bring the total of workers by the American Hoard Commissioners
whither he went, but he sought a city under his support to three hundred. of Foreign Missions, whose organization
that had foundations, whose builder and The sum which he now contributes an was only nine years old, composed of
maker was God and who shall say today nually has reached the $30,000 mark. Some dignified, consecrated ministers of the
in view of history that the Spirit of the twenty-two thousand converts to the cause of gospel, mostly men of deep convictions,
Most High did not send this youth out Christ are his return on the investment to strong on theology, not moved much by
of the midnight darkness of his environ date. an overheated atmosphere, staid, solemn,
ment to seek for a city that had founda (Continued on next page) just, honest, God fearing and God loving
288 THE FRIEND December, 1924

men. and Opukahaia's zeal for Christ tions will hold us responsible if another
Concerning Mr. Bates
and love of his people moved all the (Continued from page 287) great catastrophe casts its ruinous blight
aforesaid people, inspired them, opened on civilization.
the way, started them on the way to the Mr. Bates is a modest man—so modest
I believe that the American public
making the history, which some of you indeed that the story of his remarkable mis
through the press, and our children
know so well. sionary enterprise was withheld until his de
through the schools have the right to all
parture, at the request of his traveling com
the information available on means to
panion. Although Hawaii is "home mis
secure a permanent, constructive world-
"But for Opukahaia, what of these sionary" territory and therefore outside the
peace program. I believt that the em
Islands today? I leave the answer to field in which his chief interest lies, Mr.
phasis in the press and in our schools
that question with you. Consider it Bates found much in the work of the Ha
should be on PEACE—not preparedness.
well, it is worthy your deepest thought waiian Board and kindred organizations to
and consideration, for what you think challenge his respect and admiration. His I believe that our ideals will be best
and do about it may make a great differ suggestion of an Opukahaia memorial is for preserved not through war, but through
ence to this generation and coming gen the purpose of acquainting the boys and girls international laiv: not through isolation
erations. Something seems to be missing with Hawaii's Christian background and of but through cooperation and mutual un
from your public parks, something that impressing upon all the debt this modern derstanding.
would be an inspiration to the youth of Crossroads owes to the foundations of Chris I believe that they will be best pro
this and coming generations, a represen tianity and education so securely laid. moted by seeking at all times to make-
tation of the vital connecting link in friends — not enemies : by treating all
your history, closing the gap between men on an equality — not by regarding
the darkness of the Eighteenth Century A Pacific American s some as more unworthy than others. I
and the light of the Nineteenth Century." will not hate nor despise any man or
* * * *
Creed nation.
I believe that my country's recent at
That every boy and girl in Hawaii may I BELIEVE I\T THE UNITED
titude on exclusion, isolation and pre
know and feel the influence of this won STATES OF AMERICA AND paredness savors strongly of a spirit
derful life. Mr. Mates proposed a life- IN HER PEOPLE which is un-American and un-Christian :
sized statue of Opukahaia to be erected
a spirit which thousands upon thousands
in a public park in 1 lonolulu and has
I relieve in the ideals which we have of us boys offered all that we had in the
offered to give $ioo toward a public
received from our forefathers and for last war to stamp out of the earth. It is
subscription covering the cost.
which we have stood, with more or less not the spirit of our fathers. It is the
An interesting commentary on this consistency, through the past. T will do spirit of Prussianism. For "Prussian-
need is the fact that at a recent service all in my power to protect these ideals ism" is not bounded geographically or
at Kamehameha Schools not more than from taint and to promote them through racially. It is an attitude : an attitude of
six hands were counted when the ques out the world, believing that they were putting oneself on top: an attitude of
tion : Who knows who ( )pukahaia was ?" not meant for us alone. supercilious disregard of the rights or
was asked.
// / believed this were to be best ac feelings of "inferior" (?) classes and
Since the departure of Mr. Bates for complished through war, I would offer races ( whether we call them by another
the mainland, it has been learned that myself to my country as instantly and as name or not): an attitude of proving
for sometime the Rev. Akaiko Akana has unreservedly as I did in the last war. supereminence through military might.
had under consideration a drinking foun But I could not conscientiously do this I believe that in allowing herself to
tain, combining a statue of Opukahaia, unless I had first done all in my power be controlled by this spirit, my country
for Kawaiahao Church yard. With the to attain that end in time of peace has turned her back upon her ideals. I
double impetus which the movement through friendliness, good-will and co believe that she cannot truly call me un
now has, there would seem little excuse operation with other nations and their patriotic if I refuse to uphold her in this
in future years for Hawaii's youth to be peoples. attitude. For I firmly believe that should
ignorant of the facts and influence of she persist in this course and should she
I believe, from most agonizing per
this great life. We are glad to assume call upon the patriotism of her sons and
sonal experience, and from observance
the responsibility involved in the sug daughters to support her conduct, right
of the after-effects of the last war, that
gestion that The Friend sponsor the or wrong, in war—that she will t>e
international war, as it is fought today,
memorial movement. doomed to ultimate defeat, for "God's
is a greater evil than any evil it seeks to
remedy. That, however war may have truth is marching on!"
served an evolutionary purpose in times I believe that in the world today a
A cordial letter of thanks from a
past, it has now become not only futile narrow patriotism is not enough. I ac
graduate of the H. B. S. S., who is now.
as a means to attain the end sought, but knowledge an authority which supercedes
unfortunately, a member of the Kalau- that of my country, recalling many men
the greatest menace to civilization and
papa colony, has come ahead of a report whom the world now calls great who
therefore the greatest crime.
from the pastor. A lawn mower for I believe with Major-G cneral John F. were killed and cast into dungeons be
keeping the church yard in condition (by O'Ryan that "The American people can cause they refused to bow down to the
request ) and individual gifts for the end war in our time, if they get on the statues of their emperors.
leper group, furnished, we believe, a job!" I further believe that if we do not Pax Nobisclm.
happy Christmas. get on the job NOW that future genera December 17, 1924.
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 289

Hawaii a Sociological Laboratory

By Dr. Romanzo Adams. Professor or Sociology. University or Hawaii

IN CERTAIN respects the practical

situation of the various racial and na
tional groups in Hawaii suggests a series
of laboratory experiments in sociology.
The smallness of the area and popula
tion of the Territory facilitates the col
lection of data and there has been suf-
ficent local interest to result in the col
lection of a considerable body of data
by governmental, business and scientific
agencies. Most of the data has been
kept in such a way as to show the vari
ous racial groups separately. This is
irue as to arrivals and departures, mar
riages. births, deaths, school attendance,
literacy, registration for voting, convic
tion of crime, prison population, occupa
tion, employment, farm ownership,
wealth and taxes. Perhaps, too, the
smallness and remoteness of the Terri
tory accounts for the fact that the peo
ple of the United States view with
equanimity certain "experiments" on
which they would look askance if tried
on the mainland.
The complexity and mass of life of a Garbed in their ancestral dress, these Mid-Pacific students show some national character
great nation tends to bewilder the social istics. Except on such special occasions, they dress, look and behave like genuine
American students.
investigator. Hawaii presents relatively
simply conditions. The economic, po nese, Koreans, Porto Ricans. Spanish the Chinese and Japanese are not far in
litical, educational and religious life of and Filipinos. There is data, also, to the offing.
the Islands has not been uninfluenced show how these laborers gradually im- Whilst most of the people past middle
by the outside world, but there has been proved their position and how they found life speak a language other than English,
so much apartness and the significant their way into other occupations, includ all the younger people learn English,
influences have been so few and easily ing business and—in the second genera and pretty soon English will be the ordi
identified that they may be enumerated, tion—the professions. nary means of communication for the
dated, and evaluated. The isolation of Politically the Islands have evolved masses. The schools are conducted in
the Territory helps to isolate the phe English, the leading newspapers are
through several stages. They were uni
nomena under observation in the logical printed in English, the laws are in En
fied under the rule of one king, an abso
sense. glish, the courts are conducted in En
lute monarch, when George Washington
There has been and is real movement glish, the larger business is in English,
in Hawaii. There is a gradually chang was President of the United States. and, in Honolulu, sixty baseball teams
ing situation brought about largely by Later came a constitutional monarchy play ball in English. With the chang
internal development. The interaction and then, for a few years, Hawaii was ing language and the changing practical
of the economic, political, educational, an independent republic, before it be circumstances come changed mental at
religious and other social forces can be came a part of the United States. At titudes. The youngsters of many races
observed at all times and the outlines of present it is an organized territory with are acquiring typical American attitudes,
the various movements are uncommonly a governor and other administrative The evidence of this is not hard to find,
clear. officers, an elective legislature and a Tn the case of three racial groups
Economically, Hawaii is an agricul system of county government. Most of that have lived in Hawaii longest, there
tural region. It has been known as a the adults are not voters, since they are has been a considerable amalgamation in
cane crop country and, even now, there foreign born and ineligible to citizen- the biological sense. There are as many
are but two crops of major importance, ship, some, on account of race and part-Hawaiians as pure Hawaiians. Per
sugar cane and pineapples. There are others, by reason of illiteracy. P>ut the sons of part-Caucasian blood are more
abundant data as to the development of children born in Hawaii are citizens with than half as numerous as pure Cauca
agriculture. There are very good rec full voting rights. Even now the second sians of European ancestry. Those of
ords as to the bringing of laborers from generation voters of one group, the part-Chinese blood are about one-third
many lands to work in the fields—first Portuguese, are numerous enough to as numerous as the pure Chinese. The
the Chinese, then the Portuguese, Japa- make them a real factor in politics, and groups of more recent arrival are more
290 THE FRIEND December, 1924

nearly pure in the racial sense, but in lations, and though I have all faith so And now abideth faith in the unity
termarriages are increasing. that I could remove mountains of preju of mankind and the possibilities of every
This amalgamation has taken place dice through the inspiration of my race, hope for the ultimate triumph of
with little of the adverse sentiment that appeals, but cannot win the full and peace and good will throughout the
so often accompanies inter-racial unions. unreserved personal confidence of men earth, real friendliness for all men
The children of such unions are not of other races through the spirit of without regard to race, color or pre
conscious of any social prejudice. They friendliness, I am nothing. vious condition ; these three, but the
preach in the pulpits, teach in the And though I bestow all my goods greatest of these is that unfailing, hon
schools, sit in the legislature, preside in to feed Near East orphans and Japanese est, humble friendliness which is the
courts, wear the policeman's uniform, earthquake sufferers, and though I suffer strongest force in race relations as it
represent the Territory in Congress, social ostracism in missionary service is everywhere else.—G. W. H.
administer the affairs of the city, prac for Negroes, and have not a spirit of Calling to your mind the spirit and
tice the professions and otherwise rank respect and appreciation for men of purpose of the American Missionary
well in the community. Here is an op other races it profiteth me nothing—nor Association at this Christmas season
portunity to study inter-racial amalgama them either, beyond a temporary alle with cordial good will from George W.
tion under unusually favorable circum viation of physical needs. Hinman and Paul P>. Waterhouse.
stances.
Socially the racial line is drawn to a
limited extent. This is made necessary
by language differences. No one would
Vocational Education and its Application
claim that there is an entire absence of to Hawaii
race prejudice in Hawaii. Hut the race By Willard E. Givens, Superintendent of Public Instruction
lines are not strictly drawn. People of
two or three races gather round the
same dinner table. One meets repre Honorable James J. Davis, Secretary when he said, "the happiness of men
sentatives of several races at a reception of Labor in President Coolidge's cabi consists in life. And life is labor."
or a wedding—and people of the highest net, and chairman of the Federal Board The great and immortal Lincoln, who
social standing, too. When young peo of Vocational Education, before the went from his job of rail splitter in
ple of several races dance on the same convention of the National Society for the middle west to serve as President
floor, commonly but not always, they Vocational Education held in Buffalo, of the United States during the tremu
pair on racial lines. The college and New York, last December, said : lous period of the Civil War, and whose
high school baseball and football teams "Human nature is still struggling life was given in the cause of freedom
arc made up of the best players without with the fallacy, born in the days when and dignity of labor, said in an address
reference to race. delivered at an Agricultural Fair in
all manual labor was performed by
All in all, Hawaii presents an excep Milwaukee, in 1859, "educated people
slaves, that work with the hands is the
tional opportunity for fruitful study to task of an inferior man. We have come must labor. Otherwise, education itself
one who has the technique for assem would become a positive and intolerable
a long ways in the advancement of civi evil. No country can sustain in idle
bling data and the insight for their in
lization since the shackled galley slave ness more than a small percentage of
terpretation.
bent to his task in the ships of Phoeni its numbers. The great majority must
cia, but the attitude of mind which looks labor at something productive. From
upon all work with the hands as more these premises the problem springs : How
An Interracial Interpre or less menial and degrading still exists. can labor and education be most satis
tation or a Familiar Before us lies the task of ending this factorily combined ?"
contempt for honest work, of culminat The United States Congress, alter
Chapter ing that centuries-old struggle for the having passed many laws and after hav
dignity and honor of labor which began ing tried in many ways to satisfactorily
THOUGH I speak with the tongues of when the Carpenter of Nazareth wrought combine labor and education, finally
men and of angels in advocacy of with edge and saw in the house of his passed the Vocational Education Ad
fair treatment for other races and to foster father. It has taken generations on February 23, 1917.
secure the giving of money for relief of struggle, marked at times with blood The Federal Board for Vocational
and education and the spread of the shed, to establish the freedom of labor. Education was organized on Julv 21,
Gospel throughout the world, but do not Today we face the necessity of estab 1917. Mr. J. C. Wright. Director of
have a humble sincere feeling of brother lishing the dignity of labor in the minds that Board, and Dr. C. H. Lane, Chief
hood toward men of a different color or of all mankind. Unless we shall accom of the Agricultural Education Service
culture my attitude is likely to become plish this we will fail in our duty to for that Board, have spent four weeks
one of patronage and condescension and civilization." in the Territory of Hawaii, giving gen
to give the impression of sounding brass The Russian philosopher, Count Tol erously of their experience and advice
and a clanging cymbal. stoi, who, despite his great learning in order that we might establish voca
And though I preach convincingly and his powerful intellect, found true tional education in this Territory in a
of the coming federation of all nations consolation in the mending of the shoes manner that will be not only successful
and understand all racial differences and of his family and neighbors, summed but entirely satisfactory and beneficial
all the economic and social problems in up in a very fine manner the attitude to all parties concerned. These gentle
volved in international and interracial re which wc should have toward labor, men have gone throughout all the main
 December, 1924 THE FRIEND 291

Islands, studying the conditions of Let all of us, who are interested in our and education in such a way that our
schools and industries in order that they boys and girls, give all our best thought Territory will appreciate the happiness
might be able to counsel wisely with and effort in helping to combine labor and dignity of work intelligently done.
the Terriorial Board for Vocational
Education in establishing the kind of
education that would he most bene
ficial to our Territory.
As Mr. Wright and Dr. Lane have
visited any given local community, they
have had in mind always three questions :
1. What are the jobs in this com
munity for which training can and
should be given ?
2. What kind of a school or educa
tional devise can best give this training?
3. What kind of training will best
prepare the people in question for the
work to be done?
With these questions in mind, a care
ful study has been made of the entire
Territory. The plans of the Territorial
Board for Vocational Education have
been completed and sent on with Mr.
Wright to be taken up at the meeting
of the Federal Board of Vocational
Education on December 17 for its ap
proval.
The plans which the Territorial Board
for Vocational Education have adopted
and are now asking the Federal Board
to approve, call for a Director of Voca
tional Education, to be in charge of
Roosevelt Pioneer Club.
vocational and pre-vocational work in
the Territory. The plans call for four
assistants for the Director : a Supervisor
Pioneer Clubs New Feature of Boys' Work
of Vocational Agriculture ; a Supervisor Problems or discipline end when a boy joins a Pioneer Club"—
of Trades and Industries ; a Supervisor A Grammar School Principal
of Vocational Home Economics, and a
Supervisor of Civilian Vocational Reha A boys' class made possible in a small in a Sunday School class for many
bilitation. These people are to supervise mission Sunday School through the coopera
months, if ever. The club members
under the Territorial Board the voca tion of the Pioneer Club leader in that
section of the city are boys of the early "teen" age—in the
tional and pre-vocational work through Increasingly Christian attitudes and hab upper grades of the grammar schools.
out the Territory, working always in its on the part of Pioneer Club members One of the outstanding features of
closest harmony with Supervising Prin noted by the club leaders. the year's work is the development of
cipals. Principals and Teachers. Groups of boys taken to visit various
Sunday Schools, many of them joining
the Pioneer Program. On the basis of
The passage of Hawaii's Bill-of-Rights classes permanently. a period of study and experimentation
has secured for the Territory $35,000 a program was made out to fit particu
to be spent annually in the promotion These are some of the more apparent larly the needs of boys of Oriental
of Vocational Education. This money results of the first year of work in the parentage, and to be adaptable easily to
is divided as follows : Pioneer Clubs connected with the Xuu- the needs of various kinds of boys'
(a) $10,000.00 for the training of anu Department of the Young Men's groups. Essentially this program con
teachers. Christian Association. Beginning with sists of a carefully arranged group of
(h) $10,000.00 for the payment of only a handful of boys in a few clubs, activities, with a simple award system
salaries of agricultural teachers. other groups were organized gradually, connected with these activities, and a
(c) $10,000.0 for the payment of sal until now several hundred boys are series of tests and Bible study discus
aries of trade, home economics and in enrolled. All sorts of boys are included : sions for the club meetings each month.
dustrial teachers. boys from the poorer homes of Kaulu- Thus good work at school, attendance at
(d) $5,000.00 for civilian vocational wela and Moiliili, and boys from the Sunday School, doing home duties well,
rehabilitation. more favored sections of the city : boys playing on club athletic teams, doing ser
This money will be available only after from Buddhist as well as from Christian vice for others and similar activities gain
the Territorial Legislature has appropri homes. Some of the clubs are from points for the boy toward the simple
ated an equal amount for the same pur Sunday Schools, while others are incipi awards, and also help the standing of his
pose. ent gangs of boys who haven't been club. Thus he has a double incentive
292 THE FRIEND December, 1924

for the good performance of these ac and gives an extra period each week for for boys to join. Rather it seeks to fit
tivities. The idea behind this point- the religious education of the boys. Two the needs of local boys of the early
system is to give credit for all the nor organizations have already requested the "teen" age, and to be so easily adaptable
mal activities of a boy's life in such a Association secretaries to lead a class as to be useful for various types of
way that he will develop all parts of his in "Leadership Training" for the older boys. The first year of its history
life equally—intellectual, physical, spirit boys and young men. would indicate that to a great degree
ual as well as a spirit of service. For the The Pioneer Program is not designed it is fulfilling its purpose.
club meetings individual and group tests to be another competitive organization G. M. Wrislev.
are arranged along these four lines, and
discussions are led by the adult leaders
that center around a special monthly em Old Mission School Home of Free Kindergarten
phasis ; so that during the year the boys
receive a well-rounded program of reli and Children s Aid
gious education. For October the discus
sions dealt with school and club stand A housewarming in this historic building sion children, when appealed to, can
ards, in November with home and family took place the day after Thanksgiving. It
say how old it is. "Why, it has always
problems, in December with world broth was a delightful occasion which drew to
gether those whose memories of childhood been there," says one. "Of course, it
erhood, in January with thrift and stew days in the old school are still vivid. Three is old," says another, "we used to come
ardship; and so on through the year— papers read on that occasion are published
to General Meeting there when we were
with one month in which the boys were both for their historic preservation and for
the romantic interest which attaches to the only so high." And Mr. Henry Parker,
urged to make Christian decisions. In building and the near vicinity. That writ the next to the oldest of them, says:
the discussions Bible references are used, ten by Miss Ethel Damon follows:
"When I was little, very little, I mean.
so that the boys might find the Christian THE most beautiful room in all Hono we always spoke of that adobe school
principle to solve the problem they are lulu is the great single room of the house as Mrs. Bingham's school house.
discussing. old Mission school house on Kawaiahao The Hawaiians and everybody always
Another feature is the development Street. Cool, spacious, dignified, gener thought of it and spoke of it as her
of an indigenous leadership for these ous in the proportions of its ample length school house, because she was the only
clubs. Instead of calling upon "malihini" and breadth, of its lofty ceiling, of its one of the mission mothers who could
school teachers and others who already deeply recessed windows, this old room manage to carry on school work even
have much to do, young men in business speaks so unmistakably of other days, part of the time. She superintended
and students of the high schools and of other modes of building as of other the building of it herself, probably in the
University (mostly of Oriental ancestry) modes of thought, that one is led in thirties, perhaps even as far back as the
were secured as leaders. A short, inten stinctively to make inquiry into its twenties."
sive course of training gave them the origins. And so the Old School House was
essential principles of boys' club leader In 1920, after serving many years as built in the days before the memory of
ship, after which they were put in a public school house and as a Sunday anyone now living, by a generation that
charge of some group of boys—the school building for Kawaiahao, its walls lies buried in the little mission cemetery
Y. M. C. A. secretaries assisting them of adobe blocks exposed to wind and near by. From the earliest days of the
in leading, until such time as they could weather by holes in the roof, were in mission there was a school in the imme
handle the clubs alone. Once every danger of crumbling away altogether. diate vicinity. Mother Bingham, who
month these leaders meet at the Y. M. This condition was recognized as a ca records with her own pen that she
C. A. to talk over the successes and lamity by a group of "mission children" "gathered the first school Oahu ever
failures of the previous month, and to who.inspired by the enthusiasm of one of saw," lived and worked near by, teach
make plans for the following month. their number, Mrs. Harriet Castle-Cole- ing at first in her own thatched house,
A third feature of the year is the man, promptly restored the old house to later in one room of the old frame house
number of calls that have come this its present state of beauty and useful still standing on King Street. Mother
fall to the Xuuanu Y. M. C. A. Boys' ness. This was the centennial year of the Thurston and other ladies of the mis
Division for help with boys' classes and Hawaiian Protestant Mission. Perhaps sion took their turns at the desk of the
clubs. In nearly every case local leaders these children of the first mission of mission school for flawaiians, first in
in the church or mission have been the Sandwich Islands were unusually one little room and then another, until
helped to adapt the Pioneer Program to stirred to recollection that year. But the station report of 1829 finally records,
fit the needs of their boys. That, indeed, even in ordinary years there is not one in the Missionary Plerald of September.
is one of the facts which make the of these mission children, now in their 1830: "As evidence of some progress
program attractive to Sunday Schools seventies, or eighties,or even nineties, among the people, we are happy to men
and other organizations—that they can but cherishes the most vivid memories tion the erection of a large school house.
take what they read from the program, of the beloved Old School House. Since 128 feet in length by 37 feet in breadth,
the days of their earliest recollections, for the accommodation of our higher
use their own leaders and meet at their
it has been a landmark to them. It is schools, or classes, on the monitorial
own building; and so keep the loyalty
of their own boys. The mid-week meet older than Kawaiahao Church. It counts pian."
ing of the group as a club using the at least as many birthdays as the oldest That such structures of native thatch
Pioneer Program makes the Sunday living child of the mission, Mrs. Orramel were frail and temporary is evidenced
School program more important to the Gulick, who was born in 1833. In fact, by the next mention of this huge scho"!
boys, adds other interesting activities. it is so old that not one of these mis house, which was more than twice a
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 293

long' as the present one, its successor. where the statement appears : "Convened boys with sharp knives could resist the
Our interest is attracted to this earlier in the School House at 9 a. m., June temptation to do a little artistic carving.
building partly because so very little is 4th, 1835." And for many years this "The 'Hawaiian Mission Children's
recorded of the erection of the present mission school house, the largest in Society,' more familiarly known as the
"old school house," and partly because Honolulu, continued to serve for the an 'Cousins' Society,' so-called because of
the contrast between this and its prede nual meetings of the mission as a whole, the very natural conclusion on the part
cessor gives us some slight comprehen with an occasional meeting, after 1842. of our fellow children of the Mission,
sion of the difficulties surmounted during "in the Stone Meeting House," probably that if our parents were indeed, as they
the first decade of the mission work and referring to Kawaiahao Church. In Oc called themselves, 'Brothers' and 'Sis
the great relief which the present school tober, 1837, Mother Cooke, who arrived ters,' their children were of course
house must have meant to the teachers that year as one of the brides of the 'Cousins,' had its birth in this historic
during the second and many succeeding great reinforcement, gives an excellent building, on the 5th of June, 1852 * * * :
decades. I, therefore, quote at some description of the then new school house so says Asa Thurston in his presidential
length from a description in a letter by and of her work there. In a diary writ address to the Cousins, in the first an
Dr. Judd, who was keenly interested in ten for her younger sister in America, nual meeting, in 1853 * * * Each an
the schools of the mission. He wrote she says : "We have a very good school nual meeting of the Society for the first
the American Board in Boston on Octo house built of mud and plastered inside ten years of its existence was held in
ber 23, 1833: "The fine large school and out with lime made of coral. It is the 'Old School House.'
house built at our station was blown thatched with grass, has a floor, seats "The 'Old School House' continued
down last fall and all the benches, and benches in front to write upon. It to be the center of missionary gatherings
doors, etc., were crushed in the ruins. is about 60 feet by 30. It was built by for many years * * * But meetings
* * * It was altogether too large, 120 the people and cost about 600 dollars. for the discussion of questions relative
feet long * * * badly lighted, having no All our scholars assemble in it and after to saving the souls of men, or for the
glass windows, the seats and desks of prayers the native teachers take their formulation of theological dogmas * * *
scholars into the old grass meeting were not the only assemblies held in
the rudest kind imaginable, the former
house, leaving us with about 60, which the old school hall. At the close of the
being made of mud bricks piled up in
we manage ourselves. These can most final session of the 'General Meeting,'
rows, and the latter of boards nailed to
of them read intelligibly, some of them the missionaries and their families met
legs driven into the ground * * * Mr.
are reading in a little book of natural to partake of the Communion in com
Bingham has * * * succeeded in induc
history, others study geography and some- memoration of the 'Last Supper.' The
ing the natives to rebuild it, and when
mental arithmetic. In the language we solemnity and quiet of that occasion
I left home, the work had commenced.
(teachers) get along pretty well, but it awed the usually restless and eager chil
It will be about 66 feet by 30 * * * It will probably be some time before we dren into silence and they listened with
will be more permanent than before,
shall he able to speak with that ease bated breath to the reading of selections
and as it is for the accommodation of
and fluency with which we can convey befitting the occasion ; the blessing of the
the weekly meetings, it will be a very
ideas in our native tongue. Mr. Cooke bread and wine : and watched the slowly
useful building." If Dr. Judd had stated
opens the school in the native tongue moving servers as they passed the plates
that the new building was being con
with prayer. However, no one can and cups to their parents ; I think
structed of adobe blocks, we could be
know but by experience how hard it is there was no child old enough to un
certain beyond a doubt that the building
to be obliged to teach in a language derstand, then present, who does not re
to which he referred was the same one
with which one is but imperfectly ac member those solemn occasions most
which now stands on Kawaiahao Street
quainted." vividly today."
As it is, however, we can be reasonably
certain that the two are identical, since And so the story of our old school In 1912 another "child of the mission"
the dimensions are nearly the same; the house, laid down by the elder generation wrote down some of her memories of
present one of adobe is "more perma which constructed it and taught in it, is "General Meeting" in the Old School
nent," as he prophecies, than the huge here taken up by their children, the House." This child was Ellen Arm
old one ; and the present one must have mission children who played pranks in strong, whom many of us know as
been erected between 1833 and 1835. it, listened sedately in it, and in it in "Aunt Ellen Weaver." I cannot for
Unfortunately, the mission records are augurated their own mission society. bear quoting her recollections almost
silent as to the erection of this "new Mr. W. R. Castle's interesting and ac in full, so sprightly are they, so tender,
adobe school house," concerning them curate account of it sets us back easily and so full of unforgettable pictures.
selves largely at this time with the proj into the third and fourth decades of Her words may well have been a vital
ect of an extension of the mission to the mission. "The desks," he continues, influence among the "Cousins" toward
the Marquesas Islands. The perusal of "were long benches, running from the the restoration of this beautiful old
many manuscript reports and letters has center aisle to the side of the long single school building. "On the Waikiki side
failed to bring to light anything further room of the building. Attached to the of Kawaiahao Church," Mrs. Weaver
than this brief, but illuminating, men back of each seat or bench was the writes in 1912, "are the ruins of the
tion by Dr. Judd. Mr. W. R. Castle, sloping desk or table, at a proper height old adobe school house square and se
in an article upon it for the Cousins' for the sitter, and under this desk, was rene in outline like its New England
Society at the time of its restoration a shelf for books, slates, etc. The school prototype. Here our fathers gathered
in 1920, quotes the first mention of it furniture was all made of soft white once a year from the various stations
from the minutes of the General Meet pine and it was not long before it be far and near to discuss and confer on
ing of the mission "in June-July, 1835," gan to show that not even missionary matters of importance pertaining to the
294 THE FRIEND December, 1924

location of churches, schools, church children that mocked Elijah. That ir the year, until it came time for the gen
government, and formulate creeds adapt reverent act haunted me many days. eral meeting of the Mission in May or
ed to the understanding of a primitive "Those General Meetings continued June. That was the time when the
people — and decide upon the wisest from 1823 through the years till the whaleships might be expected from
methods of establishing a Christian civi Hawaiian Board assumed the responsi around the Horn, and if there was to
lization in the land of their adoption. bility of conducting the affairs of the be a reinforcement of the mission, it
These yearly gatherings were great Mission. It is pleasant to recall those was appropriate to have it arrive when
events in the early days * * * exciting days when there was a general all the members of the mission were
"Scholarly essays were read on the overturning to increase the capacity of gathered at Honolulu.
construction of the Hawaiian language beds, closets and table accommodations, "And those general meetings were
— the origin of Polynesian races and and the trundle bed was pulled from always held in this school house. The
kindred subjects, which were printed in under the large 'four-jwster' to accom ministers held meetings there, too. When
the 'Spectator' * * * Sermons were modate the younger guests, and the big I was older, a young man just start
preached in English that were a treat brick oven was made ready for large ing out. I remember being examined in
and an inspiration to those who came bakings of guava pies, gingerbread, that school house before a committee
from far out stations and heard only cookies, biscuit and delicious home-made of the mission fathers before being al
the Hawaiian language in the pulpit. bread to feed the incoming families as lowed to assist Father Clark in the
Matters of church discipline were de they came from their unspeakable voy pastorate of Kawaiahao Church. Later,
cided * * * Sometimes opinion varied, ages across the rough channels, gaunt when I was pastor of Kawaiahao, we
and the brethren 'warmed to the subject' and weary, to open-hearted hospitality used the same old school house for our
—but the session ended with the hymn, in Honolulu. Those families who round Sunday school. In the seventies, when
'Blest be the tie that binds our hearts ed Cape Horn in the same 'reinforce Charles R. Bishop was superintendent
in Christian love.' and it did bind—and ment' usually gravitated into the same of Public Instruction, the old mission
they parted in good fellowship. household, bound by the "fellowship school building was rented by the gov
of kindred minds' and the memory of ernment for a public school ; a partition
"The busy, practical mothers of the mutual hardships. The Alexanders. was put in, and it was so used for
Mission exchanged patterns, and re
Hitchcocks, Lymans and Emersons were many years.
ceipts, and retrimmed their bonnets that
often our welcome guests, and the days "One thing I have always remem
came around Cape Horn to Honolulu
were full of interest and missionary bered. It was something that happened
models, and held prayerful 'Maternal
zeal. Father Alexander's sparkling hu
Meetings' between sessions in the school there once at general meeting time when
mor comes rippling through the years,
house, in the interests of the large I was a boy. Perhaps it has a special
and the table talk was an education.
crop of missionary children who must place in my memory because in our
"If thoughts are things, we may be home at Kaneohe our father and mother
he trained in the way they should go
sure that solid blocks of moral, spirit allowed us to play and talk freely with
in spite of adverse environments * * '
ual and material good were built into Hawaiians. Other fathers and mother^
This Maternal Association carefully re
the foundations of the Christian civili felt that this was dangerous and forbade
corded the birth of every child born
zation of Hawaii during those earnest, their children such freedom. Unconsci
into the Mission, and published the
prayerful 'General Meetings' of the olden ously, however, all of us, even those
treasured Blue Book, now so rare. It
times— for which we have reason to be under this ban, soon acquired a ready
is said the girls tried to suppress this
book when age became a mooted ques reverently grateful." use of the language, often to the horror
From Mr. Henry Parker, pastor of of the parents. At general meeting
tion.
Kawaiahao Church for fifty years, and time, a children's meeting was held every
"The mothers attended the 'General
almost the oldest of the mission chil morning in the school house before the
Meetings' with their sewing and mend
dren now living, I have already quoted. whole body of the mission assembler
ing, to save the precious moments, and there at nine. One of the fathers led
In addition, however. I must give his
meet the demands of their clothes-tear this early session, and the mission chil
pungent memory of the children's meet
ing children while keeping an eye on the ings in the old school house. He has dren were always there about eight
youngsters that occupied the side not written it out, but I shall try to o'clock sitting quietly on the long bench
benches. When restless, the children give it in the words he used in telling es. One morning the missionary father
were allowed to gather in groups on the me about it when I went to see him one conducting the meeting began his dis
outside of the school house and told to morning. If I could, I would give also course in Hawaiian, the language in
be 'good children.' I well remember the twinkle of amusement in his eyes which he was wont to address his own
a group of little folk with their quill over his final disclosure. "I am glad congregation. From somewhere a sup
and potato pop-guns in whispered con that you are putting these things down," pressed titter commenced to ripple all
ference under the window. When they he said, "so that the old days will not through the audience of young people
became hilarious, Father Emerson waved be forgotten. I cannot tell you when who were supposed to have no knowl
a warning hand out of the window. the old school house was first opened edge of this primitive speech. The lan
Shall I confess that I aimed and fired for a Hawaiian school. It must have guage of the speaker was abruptly
my pop-gun at his hand? The horrified been when I was very little, perhaps changed to his mother tongue."
looks of my companions and my own even before I was born. But I do When Dr. Titus Munson Coan was an
conscience smote me, and I was sore know that Mrs. Bingham and occa old man, he wrote in a letter to the
afraid, thinking of the bears that came sionally some of the other ladies taught Cousins' Society: "In the forties and
out of the woods and devoured the the Hawaiian Mission School there all fifties I used to go to those general
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 295

meetings in the old adobe sciiool house. fulness, is now passing it on to suc soming city rises about our old school
I could go today to the very same ceeding generations. Memories of well- house, almost hiding it from the busy
bench where I, too, used to whittle and nigh a hundred years cluster about this thoroughfare. But it initial purpose is
catch flies * * * Once I attended a house, memories that make of it a not forgotten, nor its beauty neglected.
meeting with Henry Lyman—my father, sacred spot in this historic town. For To no better purpose could the remain
I think, presiding. The brethren held almost a century these old walls have ing years of this serene, stately building
their councils, the sisters listened, the sheltered and nurtured the inquiring be devoted than to be given over, as has
boys whittled. All was done in order; minds of children and youth. When now been done, to the training of the
but when we came away Henry Lyman these adobe blocks were first "laid up," city's youngest children, that they may
said: 'Grown-up people behave just as Honolulu was a village of thatched feel here, perchance, the glow of high
we do; they are like boys.' Henry was houses straggling along across a barren, endeavor, of loyalty, and of unstinted
always a wise one." dusty plain. Today, a growing, blos self-sacrifice.
If any of these mission children could
be said to have keener memories of the
beloved old school house than others. The Story of the Restoration of the Mission
it would perhaps be two of the girls.
One of them, the oldest and sprightli-
School House
est of the mission children now living,
is now in her ninety-second year. She Xold by Harriet Castle Coleman of Blessed Memory
was Ann Eliza Clark, and in 1855 be
came a bride in the old school house, The story has added significance since, house had been condemned and was
before it could be published, Mrs. Cole
young Orramel Gulick, the second presi man was called. Her death on Decem soon to be torn down and a house for
dent of the Cousins' Society, standing ber 11th came but two weeks after the the janitor of the church was to be put
proudly by her side. The memories of house warming at the Old School House. in its place, but when he heard the re-
On that day she, though in frail health,
this old school house, which she has her took the greatest interest in the program 'port he was very much interested and
self written out especially for this occa and her contribution to it gave sincere promised to do all he could to secure
sion, you must read for yourselves. The pleasure. Today she sleeps but a few feet
away in the Mission cemetery.
the cooperation of the trustees and others
story of the wedding, however, is left to interested, which he did, and the trus
be told by the other of those two girls, THE Story of the Restoration of the tees granted a ten-year lease to the
Julia Ann Eliza Gulick. the little sister of old Mission School House is some Hawaiian Mission Children's Society,
the groom. If you will go to see Miss of the house and grounds, reserving a
what like this :
Julia and ask her about the wedding, ten-foot strip on the front of the lot
At a certain meeting of the Free Kin
she will say: "Of course, I was only between the Old Mission School House
dergarten and Children's Aid Associa
a very little girl when my elder brother, grounds and the Kawaiahao Mission
tion, date of which I have not, Miss
Orramel, was married to Ann Eliza Cemetery grounds ; this for a right of
Lawrence was appointed a Committee
Clark at the third annual meeting of way to the present janitor's cottage
of One to find a suitable place for head
the Cousin's Society, in the old mission belonging to the church. This pre
quarters for the Association.
school house. I was only seven or liminary being arranged, the work of
eight, too little to be allowed to take It happened one day when she was restoration began. We hoped to have
any part; but I can tell you it was the making her kindergarten visits in Ka- it completed for the Centennial celebra
most wonderful wedding I ever saw in kaako, she passed the deserted ruin of tion of the Hawaiian Mission in April,
all my life. I can remember all of the the Old Mission School House in Ka- 1920, but were not able to get it till
bride's party. There was Charles Kit- waiahao. She went in and inspected the last of that year. The building was
tredge and William Gulick, and Caro the old house, thinking perhaps it might restored at a cost of about $3500.00.
line and Sarah Clark. The two girls be restored and made available for the The kitchenette, lavatory, etc., at the
wore little leis of papaia buds in their Association Headquarters. rear cost about $1000.00.
hair. I had worked hard all day string She brought the story to me and I The whole amount raised was above
ing those leis, so that they should be was inspired to take it up. I went im
$4500.00, a small balance was used to
just right, without any broken petals. I mediately to Mr. E. A. P. Newcomb,
put the grounds in order. When this
was too little to be privileged to adorn who took much interest in the matter,
and we went to look at the house which, was done there was a final balance of
the bride with jasmine buds and her
veil, but I remember her lei, too, just as wreck though it was, called forth the between eight and nine dollars, which
well as if I had strung it myself—it was comment, "There must have been a fine was turned over in the Spring of 1924
made of jasmine, of the just-opening artist amongst those old missionaries to to Miss Lawrence to apply towards fit
buds. And that wedding was the most have built a house of such beautiful pro- ting up the rooms for the occupation
wonderful one I ever saw in all my portions." After a careful and exhaus as Headquarters of the Association.
life." tive inspection he thought it could be The Hawaiian Mission Children's So
restored and advised securing the serv ciety, on obtaining the lease from the
ices of Mr. Eskew, who was doing the Kawaiahao Church trustees, sub-leased
And so, rightfully, this first genera restorative work most acceptably on the the premises to the Association for nine
tion of mission children, having restored Chamberlain House. Mr. W. O. Smith, years for one dollar a year, which sum
the oldest school house in Honolulu to one of the trustees of Kawaiahao Church of nine dollars was paid in advance to
its original beauty and substantial use- was next interviewed. He said the the Hawaiian Mission Children's So
296 THE FRIEND December. 1924

ciety through their President, W. W. . "*"' ^

Chamberlain, and his receipt for the sum
is with the Association. Mr. Chamber
lain took great interest in the matter
and gave much help and counsel during
the restoration of the building. Also
my brother, G. P. Castle, being inter
ested and ever ready to aid, gave many
helpful suggestions.
The Association not being ready to
occupy the building, leased it tempo
rarily from month to month, first to
Mrs. Burnham for an art studio, and
after she left to the Humane Society
for a Thrift Shop, until the Associa
tion was ready to occupy it.
It seemed to me that every child of yZ^/c
the mission who remembered the Old Stone Chubch at Honoldxu.
Mission School House (which was often
called the General Meeting House), or The picture on page 34 of "Early Hawaiian Churches" to which Mrs. Coleman refers.
who knew of its history through their
parents or grandparents, would be inter girl, and as Mrs. Armstrong left the stairs on the inside of the bell tower
ested to have the old house restored, and and had many happy hours playing in
Islands for San Francisco in 1881,
would be glad of a share in the work side and out the tower base of that
the grown up trees we see in the ac
if they could but know of it. So a list self-same "Candle Extinguisher." Many
was made of the missionaries who were companying picture must have been
planted several years before 1881. In happy childhood hours have we spent,
wont to gather in the old school house too, playing inside and out of the Old
every year, and a canvass was under the picture on page 34 of the pamphlet
we see the pointed steeple on Kawaia Mission School House while our fathers
taken which reached the larger portion were in the back (makai) end of the
of the representatives of families whose hao Church, which I remember particu
room holding their deliberations, dis
names were on the list, and a goodly larly because it was an object of deri turbed sometimes by the noise of the
sum was raised by this means for the sion by some who called it the "Candle children, as Mrs. Ellen Weaver's "Remi
furtherance of this interesting work. Extinguisher." It was removed in niscences" of those days have told.
The only picture of the building that course of time and the original tower I think it can safely be said that not
could be found at first, and which ac effect (see early picture) restored, as one of the Mission representatives whom
companies this memoranda, belonged to you will see in a later picture in that I was able to reach failed to respond : so
the days before 1881. Later when the same pamphlet, and as it is now, not that many have had a share in restoring
Centennial pamphlet appeared called however until we young children of the the Old House that is replete with mem
"Early Hawaiian Churches," another Mission had climbed many times the ories of days gone by.
picture was found of Kawaiahao Church
with the Old Mission School House in
the background at the right of the
church (the old Depository and Cham
berlain house are at the left). This pic
ersona 1 R eminiscences
By Ann Eliza Clark Guliek
ture may be found on page 34 of the
new edition of this pamphlet, which MY MEMORIES of this old mission Clark family to be among the welcomers
was lately revised and added to by Miss school house go back into my early and entertainers.
Ethel Damon. girlhood, when the yearly meetings of Each day at 8 o'clock, the bell rang.
Well do I remember the church and the missionaries were held in this build and the mission children gathered here
the school house, which was built of ing. Then as far as possible, fathers, for a meeting, led by one of the fathers.
adobe, sometime between 1827 and 1835, mothers and children gathered in Hono Scripture reading, prayer, singing, a
as near as I have been able to ascer lulu to attend the meeting, visit with short talk, and the children were dis
tain, for Mrs. Sibyl Bingham's Mission each other, and get inspiration and help missed, and the fathers took their places.
School for Hawaiians. I remember the for the coming year. After enduring the These meetings were really enjoyed by
Church and School House, just as they misery of from one to four days on a the children, the meeting together, the
appear in the picture, without a tree little schooner, we were welcomed by singing, and the talks were all interest
in sight—nor were there many trees Honolulu friends, and made more or ing. They had their favorites among
in any place in the Mission compound less comfortable, either in the home of the leaders, some being better able to
at that time. It was as the picture in one of the missionaries, or in some little adapt themselves to speaking to children
the pamphlet shows until Mrs. Arm hired house, for the two to four weeks than others. In those days there were
strong planted the church yard and vi that the General Meeting, as it was desks with benches in front of them,
cinity with Algeroba trees which first called, lasted. Later, when living in down the room and at the makai end a
came into "vogue" when I was a young Honolulu, it was the privilege of the seat across the end of the room and
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 297

around the sides. Between this seat and Mrs. Gulick, who is the oldest living Hawaiian children taught to be Ha
the desks there was quite a space, where Cousin, was married in the old mission waiian teachers, It was built for this
there was a table for the chairman, school house in 1855. purpose.
chairs for the fathers, and a desk for Memories of the happy occasion are so
the secretary, under which he kept his vividly recalled that we have a very inter
precious box of valuable papers. The esting picture of it all—even to the papaia Wnere Is God?
fathers sat in the chairs or on the and jasmine buds worn by the bride! By E. Guy Talbott
benches near the makai end, or walked WHERE is God?" asked a little
up and down the middle aisle, often with Armenian orphan girl, as she stood
under the seat that ran on one side of
children in their arms. The mothers on the shore of the Black Sea at Sam-
fathers were gone to lunch, they put it
who could come, as they tried to do some soun, Turkey, and looked in awe at the
part of the day, had, many of them, little the house, thinking it would be quickly
three warships of the United States
rockers in which they sat and rocked discovered. The two girls were on hand
Navy, anchored in the harbor, with the
the babies, or occupied themselves with when the fathers gathered for the after Stars and Stripes proudly floating above
sewing. The older children sat on the noon session. The Secretary looked for them.
benches behind the desks, usually pretty his box, it was not in its place, and he Little Armenhouie, who asked the
near the door, so that if the debate quickly informed the house that the naive question, "Where is God?" was
was not interesting they could slip out. box of valuable documents had been one of seven thousand homeless orphans,
The girls generally had some kind of taken while they were away, probably who had made the weary thirty-day foot
handiwork, the boys were whittling or stolen. Then there was consternation march to Samsoun and safety from
whispering together, and often the whis among the good fathers, business was Sivas, far in the interior of Turkey.
pering grew so loud that one of the Armenhouie and her thousands of or
not thought of. Instead of looking for
fathers in a loud voice would bid the phan mates had never seen the blue sea,
it in the house, as it was supposed they
children be quiet. Then silence would and in all her young life she had never
would do, they talked excitedly as to
settle down for a while. Often the re known safety. The flag of our own
ports from the different stations, or the who could have taken it and for what
country was her only safety, and she had
debates were so interesting that we would purpose, and looked for it out of doors, seen that starry flag riddled by ruthless
draw down on to the near benches to around the house and in the church Turkish bullets and trampled in the dust
listen. Father Lyons' reports, especially, yard, growing more and more anxious. by fanatical Turkish soldiers. To the
given in his peculiar voice and manner, Finally it was decided to send one of the orphan children, victims of Turkish hate
were always entertaining to the younger younger men to call a policeman (no tel and cruelty, that flag stood for heaven
portion of the audience. The reports ephone then ) . The two girls at first want and the representatives of that flag
of Father Coan and some others of ed to laugh, then grew quite sober and were to them as angels of deliverance
the dignified fathers were truly inter hardly knew what to do. The man from bondage.
esting. When Father Thurston spoke, who was going for the policeman had Perhaps it is not surprising that Ar
the young people liked to be on hand. just started, when someone accidentally menhouie asked the question, "Where
His remarks were short, to the point, discovered the box under the seat, and is God ?" when she saw the lovely blue
and often full of humor. Sometimes then you would have thought it was a sea, the ships flying the flag of freedom,
the debates were on interesting sub company of boys shouting and laughing, and the white uniformed sailors. It was
jects, like the moving of a family to and wondering they had not seen it the end of the long, wearisome trek over
another station, and grew quite exciting, before. The one who had started for the snowy mountains. It was all so
causing the fathers to walk up and down the police station was quickly called beautiful and so wonderful. It must
the aisles, and the young people to back, and business was resumed. The be heaven; but,—"Where is God?"
gather well in front. Sometimes they girls who had sat quietly in their seats The Older Children Know
were so dull that the children withdrew all of the time were perhaps the most The older children know, for seven
out of doors, the boys running about relieved of all. The fathers never knew thousand of them were devoutly kneel
on the walks and among the graves who put the box there. ing on the white sand of the Black Sea
in the church yard, or playing jump In this house the Mission Children's shore at Samsoun, with hands uplifted
the rope and other games. The girls, Society was organized and its annual and voices upraised in thanksgiving and
if they did not wish to play, retired to meetings held here for a long time, at gratitude to God—and to the flag of
the Chamberlain yard near by for a one of which there was a wedding of America. God had heard their prayers
visit. Babies who went to sleep were two of the mission children, a happy and the ships were there to take them
laid on the side seat with a blanket marriage of sixty-eight years. The mis to a place of safety, where they would
under them, for a nap. sion church was organized, and the older never again live in daily fear of the
An incident occurred one day which children of the mission were received vengeance and rapacity of the Turk.
greatly excited the good fathers for a into the church, in this same honored Four hundred of these orphans were
little time. Two of the well-behaved, building. I well remember when the young girls under fifteen with babes at
sedate girls took it into their heads that first company, thirteen of them, stood their breasts. They were part of the
they would hide, where it could easily in a row before Father Thurston, and hundred thousand Christian girls that
be found, the valuable box containing took upon themselves the sacred vows. had been liberated from Turkish harems.
papers, that stood under the desk of the The General Meetings were held in They had tasted the bitter dregs of the
Secretary, and which he always locked the summer, and the rest of the year infamies of cruel bondage. Most of the
when he left the house. So while the the house was used for a school for seven thousand orphans at Samsoun that
298 THE FRIEND December, 1924

, .. . .

The Aloha Pavilion in

beautiful Kukuiolona Park,
the gift of Mr. Walter D.
McBryde to the people of
Kauai.

Illllfllffffflf
;■,:*■.-. . . .;>■-, . . *■.-. .-.■:■.■ .>/>y<^,:^-.v:*v^*^:^:♦-

(lay as they gave thanks to God and to in the agony of their souls the question died of starvation and disease since the
America, remembered the time when of the little orphan waif at Samsoun, wholesale deportations from Turkey.
their fathers had been deported or shot "Where is God?" But God was not Ten thousand orphan children under ten
before their eyes, and their mothers died deaf and rich America did respond to years of age are in the refugee camps
by the roadside of starvation or were the cry of need, and the seven thousand in Macedonia today. These orphans
stolen into slavery. orphans from Sivas were taken to a hold out hands of pleading to America
Many, many times during the eight place of safety in Greece. No other this winter and cry with Armenhouie.
months in Sivas when no word came country offered them a haven of refuge. "Where is God?"
from America, all hope seemed to die, One of the American workers had died, The Near East Relief is the one or
and the wearied band of three brave another had gone insane, and another ganization helping homeless and other
American relief workers asked them was permanently weakened by the ter wise hopeless people in the Bible Lands
selves Armenhouie's question, "Where rible scourge of typhus. Administering to answer the question. "Where is
is God?" Had God forgotten? Had the crumbs that fell from America's God?" On behalf of great hearted. Chris
America forgotten ? Day by day they bounteous table, they had made supreme tian America, the Near East Relief is
had seen thousands of ragged, famished sacrifices for the orphan children in the applying the Golden Rule today in the
refugees being marched through Sivas name of Christ and America. land that gave to the world law. culture,
to the Mesopotamian border, hundreds Again the question, "Where is God ?" civilization and religion. The new Ma
of miles away. Daily they had seen tortured the mind of. the noble leader cedonian call will not fall on deaf ears
scores of dead bodies picked up and of the Sivas band, Mr. C. C. Thurber, in America. The flag that a hundred
carted away to the ravines back of the when he was placed in charge of twelve thousand children fairly worship will
city. Every night they had heard the thousand refugees taken from the "death never fail those who think of America
anguished cries of women and girls ships" in Constantinople harbor and as the Kingdom of Heaven.
as they were victimized by the Turks. housed in the old Selamie Barracks in The children who have been saved
Broken Promises Scutari. Within five months during the and fed and clothed and trained by
All this happened a little over a year year 1923 over five thousand of these American generosity are to be the hul-
ago, but not a word of protest came huddled refugees died of starvation and wark of a new civilization in the Bible
from a single Christian nation. A mil disease. They were fed on the garbage lands. Day by day in the lives of de
lion Armenians had died of massacre from the American warships anchored voted relief workers, religious leader-
and starvation in 1915 and 1916. The before Constantinople. They were fed and educators, the Near East Relief is an
Allies promised the Armenians a na grass like cattle. Where was God swering Armenhouie's question, "Where
tional home after the armistice, but while death, like a Nemesis, stalked is God?" God is in the heart of him
these promises were treated as mere through the barrack buildings in Scu wdio lives to serve, and "blessed is the
scraps of paper when the treaty of Lau tari, made famous long ago by the people whose God is Jehovah."
sanne was finally signed. A half mil ministration of Florence Nightingale?
lion Greek Christians died of starva The Nc?v Macedonian Call
Think it over. What does your fam
tion and exposure in the deportations Today in the refugee camps in Greece, ily gain by your attendance at church*
in Asia Minor in 1922 and 1923, and where a million Christians driven from Ask them.
no Christian nation voiced a protest their homes in Turkey eke out a miser Think it over. What is. it that makes
against this new atrocity. able existence, the question still is asked, a man forget and neglect his religious
Well might the loyal and brave Amer life when he has money and health,
"Where is God?" Three hundred thou and be the first to call on God for help
ican relief workers be excused for asking sand of these refugees in Greece have when he is in trouble? What is it?
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 299

The Most Significant Thing I Saw

m America
By Frederick W. Norwood
T WANT TO TELL about what seems pageant, some eight or ten thousand
Hawaii's interest in Dr. Norwood was
*• to me the most significant thing that stimulated by Rev. Augustine Jones, who people gathered to witness it and were
heard him give the Earl Lectures in Berke deeply impressed.
I saw in America. It was, so to speak, ley last summer. In an article in the Octo
an accident that I saw it at all, for it ber Friend, Mr. Jones styled Dr. Norwood, Advertising
"A Great Man With a Great Message."
only came to me because of the disloca
Then another business man, the head
tion of my plans and was crowded into The Coincidences of Providence of a great advertising enterprise, offered
the last four days. I had traveled far His challenging statements attracted a his help to the students. He thought
and wide, and seen some of nature's most great deal of attention and a group of religion was not sufficiently advertised
wonderful manifestations, had met many ministers gathered to consider them more and told the students how to go about it.
most interesting people and had been wit deeply. Then it happened that away in The result was that for several succes
ness of great political demonstrations, Boston an Englishman, Canon Woods, in sive weeks before the opening of the mis
but not one of these experiences, nor all speaking to a group of young university sion, small one-column two-inch adver
students, incidentally described an enter tisements appeared in six different loca
of them put together left so deep an im
prise which had taken place in the Eng tions in the daily newspaper setting out
pression upon my mind, or has stayed
lish town of Derby. The students were some pointed question concerning reli
with me so closely as those things which
greatly impressed and conferred with gion. I can read you just two of them
were crowded into the last four days. their professor. He said, "Why do not as samples :
I have seen a religious revival of a you select a town among your many
"Think it over" became the slogan of
type that was new while yet possessing towns and see what you can do for
the mission. It appeared in many dif
many characteristics of the old. It was religion?"
ferent places. It appeared in advertise
in the city of Fitchburg in Massachu By one of those strange coincidences
ments for houses and land or for situa
setts. Fitchburg is an industrial city which devout people attribute to the
tions that might be vacant. It appeared
about fifty miles away from Boston and providence of God, the students selected
on tram-cars, on hoardings and hand
with a population of 44.000. Religiously the city of Fitchburg. They sent some
bills. Three thousand blotters were
they would have to be described as fifty of their representatives down to inter printed and distributed by the merchants
per cent Roman Catholic, forty-eight per view a few of the religious leaders and
and shop-keepers containing an appeal
cent Protestant, and two per cent Jewish. then they were informed of what the
from the students to make religion a real
Among the larger groups there are solid manufacturer had said in his club a few
thing in Fitchburg.
clusters of Greeks, Finns, Germans, Ital days previously. The business man and
ians, and French Canadians. In this city the students were brought together and So men began to take notice of re
dwelt a manufacturer in a large way of they came to a strange sort of bargain. ligion and the city began to discuss it
business. One day, sitting in his club The business man said that all he could until it was the dominant theme. Wher
among his friends, he talked freely about offer was his wealth : it was up to the ever men were crowded together the
religion. Me said he did not consider students and the ministers to make the probability was they were saying some
himself a Christian, though perhaps he real contribution. He offered to finance thing about religion. They came the stu
might be a prospect. He said he went to any efforts they might make. It was dents, sixty of them, mostly young peo
church occasionally, but frankly, church subsequently agreed that five of the ple under 25 years of age, some of them
services bored him. Yet it seemed to him young men should spend all the summer training for the ministry, some of them
there was something missing in the civic in Fitchburg, study the conditions of life with considerable intellectual equipment
and personal life life of the people of there, talk to its individual citizens and
and bearers of academic degrees. They
Fitchburg. He noted that the prosperity seek to formulate a plan. Then it was
gathered together in conference and
of the land was comparatively great, that understood that later on some fifty or
were instructed in the technique of street
the share men had in life's good things sixty students from many of the univer
was greater than their fathers dreamed sities might be brought together for con preaching by Dean Brown of Yale. At
of. Yet it seemed to him that they were centrated effort. The business man had night the students came into the city and
not really happy, and he came to the con an idea that there should be something talked simply of the things of God.
clusion that they never could be happy spectacular about what was done. He They spoke at street corners and in the
unless they found true religion. He said thought religion did not appeal to the eye market places. They talked freely to in
that in the midst of his wealth he had as it might, and he came to the conclu dividual folk when they felt so disposed.
often wished he could do something for sion that he would himself underwrite a They went to the great factories at the
his city, and declared that if he knew great pageant which was presented by a lunch hour and talked to the operatives
how to bring true religion to the people gifted young actress and was entitled in their times of leisure. They went to
of Fitchburg, he would gladly give of his "The Beatitudes." He spent more than the high schools and talked with the
wealth for the purpose. $5,000 upon the adequate staging of this young folk in recess time.
300 THE FRIEND December, 1924

A Democratic Adventure from afar might have to say. I never I considered the thing with great in
There appeared to be no leader among found myself speaking for less than an terest. It seemed to me it was the kind
them ; they did not acknowledge a leader. hour and a quarter, and that is always a of thing I had known for years would
There appeared to be very little dogma in sign of grace with me. come to pass some day. Ever since the
the things they had to say. They man I never had a more receptive or atten great war and through the bitter years
aged somehow to bring all the churches tive audience. There was no effort to that have followed, I have been more and
of the city into sympathy, unless I ex bring them to what we call a definite more persuaded that the world will never
clude that of the Roman Catholics. The decision: they just listened to a frank- be brought to peace except as the out
Roman Catholic priest said that he did declaration of the faith of Christ as one come of a great and genuine revival of
not see his way to commit his organiza saw it and they listened with keenness religion. The evils that oppress us are
tion definitely, but at least they had his psychological, moral and spiritual in their
and appreciation. On the final Sunday
intense sympathy and his prayers would character. In most of our political ef
night when it was understood that the
follow them. Unitarians were among forts we are playing with the edges of
meeting would begin at 8 o'clock they
them, Universalists were with them, and things. Nature, economics, racial differ
the Swedenborgians had a representative told me at 6 o'clock that the hall was ences and peculiarities answer very much
or two. It seemed somehow as if they full, at 7 o'clock people were streaming to the moods of our souls. They are
did not antagonize one another. Tn a away and at 8 o'clock not only was every hostile or helpful very largely according
city that was 50 per cent Roman Cath seat occupied but the people were stand to our mental attitude. Nature is hostile
olic no man or woman of that faith in ing three deep round the walls, violating if we neglect or flout her. The princi
the whole time of the mission heard a all the health regulations and breaking ples of economics are cruel or crushing
word that attacked his religious system. all the police orders. Well-dressed peo if our hearts are cruel and crushing.
All that he heard was an inspiring word ple were sitting flat upon the floor be They are an integral part of the purpose
on religious matters directing his heart to cause there were no chairs. The plat of God. They are the deepest laid part
the one great God whom all the city wor form was occupied by a bevy of men of his scheme for the development of
shipped. who represented the Rotary club. They man. If our hearts are filled with other
My part in the enterprise was compar led the singing and it was apparent to me purposes, then they become perplexing
atively simple. I was asked to go down that some of them were not very accus and tangled. Racial differences are sure
and take some great meetings in the larg tomed to doing that kind of thing, but ly part of the providence of God. How
est hall in the city and so bring the effort they did it with cheerfulness and good ever much we may respect ourselves as
to its conclusion. The original design of will. Britishers it is rather a good thing there
the students had been to preach until I found the whole city stirred, and are some folk who are not British. How
7 o'clock and then induce the folk to stirred principally by young men and ever much we may rejoice in the oaks of
come to the city hall, but the fact was women most of whom had never old England and glory in their strength
they became so intensely interested in preached before in their lives. Not one it is rather a good thing that there is
their preaching that they left me in the of the women, I imagine, had expected timber of other kinds growing in other
lurch. I was very glad to be so left ; to speak in public, but they all did before climates. Racial differences are racial
quite evidently it was not necessary to they were through, and gloried in. the perils because the hearts of men are not
have their assistance in order that the opportunity. It may interest you to know friendly, their minds have not been suffi
hall might be packed, for it was filled to that the general verdict was that the ciently trained to find the way of recon
overflowing every night with an anxious women spoke better than the men. The ciliation. The perils that oppress us are
throng of people, many of whom were men were a little concerned about the psychological, moral and spiritual in
apparently not ordinary church-goers and technique of preaching, and were very their character.
some of whom were of quite other careful to make their position logically Significance of the Movement
branches of the faith from my own. Yet sound. The women spoke with simplic I have known for years that we shall
they gathered together with receptive ity straight from the heart and got have to get God back into our thinking.
minds eager to hear what the stranger straight to the hearts of other folk. So long as the universe is to us a mere
accident, something to be exploited,
something to be mangled here or plucked
up there, something that has no purpose
Purchase a rapidly selling book for your personal in its heart and no intelligent will behind
gifts, "Hawaiian Historical Legends," by W. D. Wes- it, something that only calls out our spas
modic efforts of a day for purposes that
tervelt, off the press in January, 1 924, in its second are of a day's duration, how can we find
edition in November, 1 924. The proceeds from all the way of peace? We shall find it more
copies ordered from the Nuuanu Y. M. C. A. will go ►and more as we come to believe in a
toward furnishing the lobby of that building. great divine on-moving purpose with
which we are to cooperate.
Copies also on sale at Hawaiian Board Book I have thought long and deeply of
Rooms and all book and curio stores. those old-time revivals and feel persuad
Admirable as a steamer gift and for visiting ed they will not come back to us at least
friends. in their precise form. The old-time re
vival assumed that God was easily within
the range of human knowledge, that in
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 301

deed he had revealed his will with metic thinking not that he came to save them that in our time under the will and the
ulous detail and we neglected the rite or out of the world with its sins and trou providence of the great Supreme he has
formula by which our eternal salvation bles, but challenged them to face these confronted us with a torn and tattered
would be secured. Old time revivals things and find their way through with world and has stirred our hearts with the
talked much about infallibility, about him. I found in their speech a ringing challenge that is in Christ.—The Chris
infallible churches or books. The old tone of challenge which did my heart tian, Century, Dec. 1924.
time revivals seemed to think that God good.
was far more interested in saving people I have lived long enough to be abso
out of the world that he was in saving lutely persuaded that the religion of
the world through them. They assumed Christ is the biggest challenge that can
that the grace of God snatched men out come to humanity. By the stern provi
of their condition in the world as men dence of God he is making all men to see kil* *i
might be snatched from a wrecked ship, that in these days. We have not denied
and the purpose of God was triumphant the faith, we have not even broken from
ly assured when he saw his people safe
the tradition, we have only come to see
on the other shore waving palm leaves To the Woman Who
and singing his praise.
Wants a Sure Income
Surely these things will not come again
except to fevered minds. Surely we shall JTMSTEN ATTENTIVELY to the
he half way towards true religion when TUr stock salesman who assures you
we reverently accept the fact of the mys of good dividends, make notes of the
price a share, whether common or pre
tery of God. No longer are the men to ferred, what dividend is promised and
he trusted who seek to reduce God to a bid the salesman a polite good-day.
formula or a rite. No longer shall he be Then bring your information to our
stock and bond department and have
trusted who sits upon the mole-hill of the value of the securities investi
his arrogance attempting to measure with gated.
his puny hands the length and breadth Do the same thing if you receive a
stock-selling letter.
and depth and height of the majesty and Never buy, sell, trade or transfer
the purposes of God. God has checked securities. Let a trained broker do
our presumption by silently drawing it. Better be safe than sorry.
back the curtains of his creation. He
has blinded us with the light of his stars, to take pictures now that in the fu
he has said to men, Look, you tiny people ture will be priceless. Kodaks at Trent Trust Co ltd
who stand upon your mole hills, look out all prices. HONOLULU

upon the manifold works of my hands Honolulu Photo Supply Co.

and consider how deep and unfathom Fort Street So to serve that we may continue
to serve
able is the mystery of my being.
Our old infallibilities have been great
ly shaken. I noticed that the speeches of
these students at Fitchburg were not
characterized by a rigidly uniform con
ception of dogma. Indeed it was quite
curious to hear sometimes in the open
The Home Complete
No matter how small the place you call your home, Dimond
streets that they were very doubtful Company has everything you need to make Its equipment
about certain things. I like to hear a complete, from single pieces of silverware, chinaware, glass
man say sometimes that he is doubtful. ware, kitchenware or electrical appliances to complete sets.

It is often a symbol of his enquiring

Complete
spirit. It is infinitely better than the old 26 piece sets of Rogers La France Silverwear (knives,
forks, spoons for six), guaranteed without time limit, Dining
arrogance which professed to regard $17.75 Service
doubt as a sin and something not to be 32 piece sets of Dinnerware service for six, can be had $20
confessed. I noticed that these young from $7.50 up This includes
Detroit Jewel Gas Ranges from $32.50 up. chinaware,
men were not at all what theologians call Oil Stoves, 2 burners, $21.50 up. glassware
eschatological. They did not speak much Knickerbocker Refrigerator, white enamel lined. 25 lbs. and silverware
about the next world but they had a ice capacity, $17.50 for 6 persons
"1900" Cataract Washer, 6-sheet size, $145.00
great deal to say about- this world. I An Eldridge Portable Electric Sewing Machine, the vi
noticed that though they spoke of Christ brator type, sells for $52.50
with the utmost reverence the name upon Bu-Vac Elect. Vacuum Cleaner, $39.75
their lips was not that of a victim but a
victor. I noticed that they looked to him WWDiix\or\d8c(pLTD
THC HOUSE Of HOUSEWARES' \*
as they might look to a white knight,
53-65 KING STREET. HONOLULU
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302 THE FRIEND December, 1924

First White Girl Born

at Lahaina? Island Products
Writing in 1908 to Mr. Arthur Waal,
the then postmaster of Lahaina, Maui,
Justly Famed
Mrs. Eva A. King, an elderly woman of
Alderdale. Wash., sought information re
garding her birth. Mrs. King, who be
OMOLOLO fore her marriage, was Eva A. Wilson,
believed herself to be the first white girl
born in Lahaina.
In the succeeding years, Mr. Waal,
who is now a resident of Honolulu, has
been unable to substantiate the facts
given in Mrs. King's letter. He has
asked The Friend to reproduce it in the
hope that someone may be able to throw
light upon the incident.

Alderdale, Klickitat Co.. Wash.,

May 24, '08.
Arthur Waal,
Postmaster, Lahaina, Hawaii.
Dear Sir: In the May number of the
Postmaster's Advocate published at
Washington, D. C, I read your letter
from the sunny land of my birth, and
at once had a desire to correspond with
you regarding my interest therein.
First question : Is not Lahaina on the
Island of Maui? I am said to be the
first white girl born there. There were
at that early date only eight white ladies,
mostly missionaries' wives ; there were
several boys born older than I. Father
Damon had two I think older ; but I was
the first white girl, born in the American
Consul's house Aug. 9, 1845. and I am
wondering if there is any record to be
had of the event. My mother never was
so happy as while living in the Islands.
My oldest brother was born at Hono
lulu. Island of Wahu, Nov. 5th, 1846—
15 months after my birth.
My father's health failed completely
and they sailed for this coast, three
months on the ocean, reaching this coun
try in its wild state.
So you see I was born under the Brit
ish flag, but now the Glorious Red,
White and Blue floats over my birthplace,
that I long to once more see. Wonder
if I ever will? I am told if I write to
the U. S. Secretary making my birth
place known he would send me a free
round ticket to the Islands and return.
I am told the old house I was born in
still stands. I wonder if it can be so?
I have an old acquaintance at Honolulu,
an Episcopal minister by the name of
Potwine. I think 1 must write to him,
as I owe him a letter.
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 303
I am a pioneer of the Sandwich or Altho a stranger to you I felt a kin representing once, or several times, near
Hawaiian Islands as well as of this coun ship when I read your letter, and availed ly every community in this territory.
try, having seen the most wonderful myself of the pleasure of writing you. Every race which composes the poly
transformation of the two. When I was Anything you may see fit to write me glot population of these islands is count
in the Islands at that early date they ed in their tremendous membership roll
descriptive of Lahaina I shall appreciate.
were semi-civilized and this part of the —a number approximating 129,000 and
If you see fit .to publish any part of this
U. S. was a wild Indian country. The which does not include people who at
marvelous developments, inventions and letter that is interesting, you can.
My father's name was Edward A. tend services regularly but who are non-
discoveries since my birth have been
Wilson. My name Eva A. Wilson, but members.
truly wonderful and I realize their vast-
ness. now I respectfully bear the name of To the church-workers—to the min
I shall be happy to hear from you in isters—to the religious organizations—
EVA A. KING, to any of those who would further en
answer to this. I send inclosed 50 cents
Postmaster, Aldendale, Wash. trench the Hawaiian Islands behind the
in stamps to pay you for same postcard 7- 1 0-1908.
scenery if you can get some for me, and ramparts of religious conviction upon
if possible try and find the spot where which their very civilization is based—
the American Consul's house stood so I would state that one answer to the
long ago. I believe it was stone—am
Hcrtf Can Non-Ckurck" all-important question is the acquaint
not sure. A coconut tree stood by the ing of the non-church-goer with the
Goers Be Induced work that the churches are doing; the
window of the room where I first saw
the light of this world. Oh, for the To Go To Churck? persistent arousing of his interest in
sunny land of brightness ! How I wish church activities and of his desire to
I could once again gaze upon her sur By Lorin Tarr Gill investigate them further which can all
roundings ! Viewing the question from a stand be summed up in that one comprehen
sive modern word—PUBLICITY.
point unique in the history of the island
press—that of editor of the Church
News of Hawaii as published in the
Between Baths Honolulu Advertiser—and being on in
timate terms with the functioning of N.S. Sachs Dry Goods Co., Ltd.
Keep Baby's Skin Smooth every Christian religious organization 116 Hotel St. P. O. Box 566
with Mennen's Talcum in the territory, I have the temerity to
offer an answer. THE STORE WITH MERCHAN
The layman who contemplates the DISE OF A DEPENDABLE

Distributed by churches in his immediate vicinity with QUALITY

AMERICAN FACTORS, LTD. the familiarity of long acquaintance
Agents for
Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua
but who little realizes the scope of their
work, is surprised at the result of an Butterick Patterns and
investigation. He discovers that there are Publications
about 300 Christian churches in Hawaii

A Whole Winter's Rains—No Pilikia

Storms that ferret out the weak spots in or or break through, but is the result of purity
dinary steel and iron fail to start anything with —the elimination of those chemical elements
Armco Iron. Armco's resistance to rust is not which tend to start corrosion from within and
dependent on any coating that may wear off help rust get a start from without.

Honolulu IrfthWork$
ARMCO IRON
304 THE FRIEND December, 1924

WARMTH
—for chilly corners everywhere. A comfort
to Buddy these snappy mornings and to adults
as well. Ideal to take the dampness out of
clothes in rainy weather.
WESTINGHOUSE
COZY GLOW
is the last word in portable heat. No danger
Soothing warmth when it upsets, no grease, smoke or dirt and
where you want it
with a it doesn't stale the air. Inexpensive and lasts
for years.
Westinghouse Electric
The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd.
WARMING PAD Home Comfort Specialists
December, 1924 THE FRIEND 305

INDIFFERENT, NEGLIGENT Alexander & Baldwin

LIMITED
AND ABSOLUTELY UNKIND
Is the man who does not make a Will. Save Stangenwald Bldg.
OFFICES
.... Honolulu
your estate for your loved ones—consult a 310 Sansome St
Melhoin Building
-
...
- - San Francisco
Seattle, Wash.
lawyer and have a Will drawn today. Give
yourself the absolute assurance that all pro SUGAR FACTORS. COMMISSION MERCHANTS
visions will be carried out by naming as and
executor THE BISHOP TRUST COMPANY. INSURANCE AGENTS

BISHOP TRUST Agents for

SUGAR PLANTATIONS
Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co.
COMPANY, Ltd. Maul Agrloulture Co., Ltd.
Kahulul Railroad Co.
Baldwin Packers
Hawaiian Sugar Co.
WMmmm^MmZMZMZ^mMSMmMZM McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd.
Kauai Fruit & Land Co., Ltd.
Kauai Railway Co.
Kahuku Plantation
INSURANCE COMPANIES
CORONA TYPEWRITERS Union Insurance Sooiety of Canton, Ltd.
The Home Insurance Company, New York
Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance Co.
MEET EVERY REQUIREMENT New Zealand Insurance Company, Limited
The Commonwealth Insurance Company
Newark Fire Insurance Company
American Alliance Insurance Association
Have stood the endurance test of the past Globe Idemnity Company of New York
Switzerland Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.

119 MERCHANT 8T.

Hawaiian News Co., Ltd.
Young Hotel Bldg. Bishop Street.

Storage - Packing -Shipping

We Are All Working Men and Women Baggage, Furniture and
Piano Moving
Workers of every kind, bankers, merchants, mechanics, law
yers, clerks, stenographers, and those who do hard "unskilled" Honolulu Construction
labor, are valuable customers of this Bank, and every one
finds the kind of banking service he requires for his own & Draying Co., Ltd.
special need.
We will welcome your account.

THE BANK OF HAWAII. LTD.

BRANCHES
cap
LIHUE — WAIPAHU — WAIALUA — KAPAA — PEARL HARBOR SERVICE FIRST
COLLECTION OFFICES AT WAHIAWA AND AIEA. Telephone: Private Exchange 4981
Office 67-71 Queen Street.

A BUSINESS ELEMENT CASTLE & COOKE, Limited

SUGAR FACTORS, INSURANCE AND MACHINERY
AGENT8
Real unbiased friendship is quite as important in business dealings as it is
in social life. And friendly service is what the Trent Trust Company for the SHIPPING A6ENTS, REPRESENTING
Ewa Plantation Company,
past fifteen years has endeavored to give. Walalua Agricultural Co., Ltd.
And now, as heretofore, the Trent Trust Company through its Realty, its Apokaa Sugar Company, Ltd.
Kobala Sugar Company
Stock and Bond, its Trust and Insurance departments will strive to be a true Wahlawa Water Co.. Ltd.
business friend to its clients working at all times in their interests. /Ktna Insurance Company (Fire, Life, Marine
and Automobile)
"So to serve that we may continue to serve." National Fire Insurance Co.
Citizens Insurance Company
London Assurance Corporation
TRENT TRUST COMPANY Fulton Iron Works of St. Louis
Babcock & Wilcox Company
Green's Fuel Economizer Company
LIMITED Ctaas. C. Moore & Co., Engineer*
Matson Navigation Co.
Toyo Klsen Kalsba
N>w England Mutual Life Insurance Co,
306 THE FRIEND December, 1924

J . A B A D I E ' S
W. W. ANANA & CO., LTD.
French Laundry
C. Brewer & Co. MERCHANT
TAILORS
DYEING AND CLEANING
LIMITED WORKS
* ♦ *
General Mercantile Commission Agents, Clothes Cleaned and Repaired
Main Works Branch Office
Fort St., Honolulu, T. H. 62 King Street
777 S. King St. 1108 Union St.
Phone 2525 P. O. Box 986 Phone 1491 Phone 2919

AGENTS FOR:—Onomea Sugar Co., Ho

nomu Sugar Co., Pepeekeo Sugar Co.,
Hilo Sugar Co., Hawaiian Agricultural Co.
Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau
Sugar Plantation Co., Hakalau Plantation Henry H. Williams Metropolitan Meat
Co., Hawaii Mill Co. Ltd., Wailuku Sugar FUNERAL DIRECTOR
Co., Olowalu Co., Honolulu Plantation Co.
Waimanalo Sugar Co., Kilauea Sugar Plan Graduate of Dr. Rogers Perfect Market
tation Co., Oceanic Steamship Co., Bald Embalming School of San Francisco,
win Locomotive Works. Cal., also of the Renouard Training
School for Embalmers of New York. ANTONE LOUIS, Manager.
OFFICERS:—E. Faxon Bishop, President;
R. A. Cooke, Vice-President and Manager; And a Licensed Embalmer for the
Horace Johnson, Vice-President; E. A. R State of New York; also a member
of the State Funeral Directors' Our large shipping business is quite
Ross, Secretary; Wm. Jamieson, Treasurer;
C. C. Rhodes, Auditor; C. H. Cooke, G. R Association of California. independent of our family trade.
Carter, J. R. Gait, E. I. Spalding, Directors MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES We endeavor to keep both phases
FURNISHED. CHAIRS TO RENT.
1374 NUUANU STREET.
of our business at top notch.
Residence, 1374 Nuuanu.
50-60 S. KING ST. Tel. 3445

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited

AT HONOLULU STOCKS AND BONDS
Capital $500,000 Surplus and Profits $450,000
REAL ESTATE
OFFICERS INSURANCE
L. T. Peck, President; H. M. von Holt, Vice-President; W. H. Campbell, Vice- SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
President & Cashier; J. H. Ellis, Asst. Cashier; W. Ballentyne, Asst.
Cashier; J. F. Mowat, Asst. Cashier
Authorized by law to act
United States Government Depositary as Trustee, Executor, Ad
GENERAL BANKING— Issues Drafts, Letters of Credit, Travelers' Checks, and ministrator and Guardian.
Cable Transfers.
Capital, Surplus and Un
divided Profits Over Two
ACCOUNTS INVITED
Million Dollars.

MOANA HOTEL

American Plan—Cable or Wireless, 'Moana.'

On the world-famous Waikiki Beach, 3%

miles from town. Electric cars. Splendid
Roads for motoring.
The Bathing is the most wonderful in the
world, and this is the only place where Out
rigger Canoeing and Surf-Riding can be en
joyed.
Tennis Courts are maintained on the hotel
grounds.
The Golf Course—One of the finest in the
country—can be reached in twenty minutes
from either of these hotels by automobile or
electric car.
 December, 1924 THE FRIEND 307

The B. F. Dillingham Co.,

LIMITED.

Financial, Insurance and Commission

Allen & Robinson Agents.
LIMITED. 1
"Service With i STANGENWALD BUILDING.
1 Cable Address: "Dilpax."
a Smile"
Codes: Liebers, Western Union, A. B. C.
■ P. O. Box 446.
Lumber and Building Material,
SERVICE STATION 1 HONOLULU .... HAWAII
Open 6:30 a. m. to 11:30 p. m.
Builders' Hardware.
7 DAYS A WEEK
Paints, Oils,
Etc. MILLER TIRES 1 City Transfer Co.
STUDEBAKER CARS ■
KING ST.
MACK TRUCKS
55 Queen Street Honolulu
Beretania or Alapai
I
Phone 5741 WE MOVE, PACK, STORE &
Tel. 2478. Box 951 ■ SHIP FURNITURE, PIANOS,
iiuuiaiiiiii BAGGAGE AND FREIGHT.

CITY MILL Cook With Gas

CO., LTD.
CONTRACTORS
IT'S CLEANEST, COOLEST "GOOD BREAD
AND BEST
Furniture to Order. Inspection Solicited COUNTS"
Mouldings, Blinds, Sashes and Doors.
Estimates given on Buildings.
DEMAND THE BEST
LIME and CEMENT RICE and BRAN, Our ranges and plates are of
HARDWARE the most up-to-date models.
Love's Cream Bread
Honolulu Gas Co. Wrapped as soon as Baked

C. J. Day & Co.

All Groceries Sell it
FINE GROCERIES
DEPENDABLE SERVICE
Coyne Furniture Company, Ltd.
THEO. H. DAVIES & CO., LTD.
1053 to 1059 BISHOP ST. Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii, T. H.
Old Kona Coffee and Finest Kur-
Alexander Young Bldg. SUGAR FACTORS & COMMISSION AGTS.
enwatte Ceylon Tea.
Agents for Lloyds, British & Foreign Ma
STEAMER BASKETS rine Insurance Co., Ltd.; Union Marine In
and surance Co., Ltd.; Northern Assurance Co.;
GIFT PACKAGES Law, Union and Rock Insurance Co. ; London
Guarantee and Accident Co.
BUREAUS Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Canadian
CHIFFONIERS Australian Royal Mail Line, Cunard Steam
ship Co., Ltd.; Hilo Agents, American-Ha
P. O. Box 678 SIDEBOARDS waiian S. S. Co.
BOX COUCHES Agents Pearl City Fruit Co.
Packers of "Diamond Head" and "Hawaii
Phone 344 1 MATTRESSES, Etc. an Chief" Brands of Canned Pineapples.
San Francisco Office, 310 Sansome St.
New York Office, 24 State St.
1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHI Upholstering and Repairing Cable address, "Draco."
308 THE FRIEND December, 1924

HAPPY NEW YEAR

The Personal Shopping Service takes this occasion to
wish its many friends and patrons a very Merry Christmas
and the happiest of New Years. For this little magazine,
with its wide circulation throughout the Islands, carries our
message to many out-of-town customers. To them, we
send our aloha and holiday greetings.
We are looking forward to a year of even greater
service in 1925. The new addition to the store will be
opened in the early spring, adding a number of new depart
ments and making it possible to enlarge others. This
greater store means that we will be even better able to
serve you.
Write us your shopping needs and problems. We will
give them expert, personal attention. Write us as much
about yourself as you can—the more we know about your
likes and dislikes, your preferences and whimsies, the better
we can shop for you !
Perhaps we have had a small part in your Christmas
shopping, and if so, we are better acquainted than before—
may we have the pleasure of serving you again in the near
future ?

The Personal Shopping Service

of
THE LIBERTY HOUSE
FORT STREET
HONOLULU
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

3 9015 05705 1248