Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 7

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Unit Values and Virtues

3

Most people attain their ultimate

dreams through hard work and
perseverance, guided by the natural
law of morality and their conscience.
In achieving their goals in life, they
should always be armed with virtues
and proper values. These are greatly
affected by internal and external
factors that will shape the value
system of people. Since individuals
are exposed to different influences, it is up to them to filter the things that they will
adopt, depending on what they perceive as good or bad. Any changes or decisions in
their lives will always require them to examine their values and virtues.

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Relationship Between
LESSON 1
Values and Virtues

Every action, behavior, and decision of a person is influenced by the principles

he/she believes in. These serve as a set of guidelines to help him/her in fulfilling his/ her
goals. A student who values education would put in hard work, determination, and
patience in order to finish his/her studies. A person who values the importance of family
would show love, care, and respect to each member of his/her family. These deeds are
products of what each person thinks as something he/she cherishes that eventually
becomes a part of his/her life.

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Father-Son Conversation
Adapted

One day, Father was doing some work and his son came and asked, “Daddy,
may I ask you a question?”

The father said, "Yeah sure, what is it?"

“Dad, how much money do you earn in an hour?"

Father got a bit upset and said, “That's none of your business. Why do you ask
such a thing?"

"I just want to know. Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?" "I make
P500 per hour."

“Oh”, the little boy replied, with his head down. Looking up, he said, "Dad, may
please borrow P500?”

The father furiously said, "If the only reason you asked about my pay is so that
you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or other nonsense, then go to your room.
Think why you are being so selfish. I work hard every day and I do not like this childish
behavior."

The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. The father sat down and
started to get even angrier about the little boy's questions. "How dare he ask such
questions only to get some money?" he wondered. After about an hour or so he calmed
down and started to think, "Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with
that P500. He really didn't ask for money very often." He went to his son's room. "Are
you asleep, Son?” he asked.

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"No, Daddy, I'm awake," replied the boy.

"I've been thinking. Maybe I was too hard on you earlier," said the father. "It's
been a long day and I took out my aggravation on you. Here's the P500 you asked for."

The little boy sat straight and exclaimed with a smile, "Oh! Thank you, Dad!"
Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled some crippled bills. The father, seeing that
the boy already had money, started to get angry again. The little boy slowly counted out
his money, then looked up at his father.

"Why do you want money if you already had some?" the father grumbled.

"Because I didn't have enough, but now I do," the little boy replied. “Daddy have
P500 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would
like to have dinner with you."

The father could not say anything and just embraced his son.

Adapted from www.moralstories.org

Answer the following questions based on the story "Father-Son Conversation."

1. Why did the father get angry when his son asked him about how much he
earns per hour?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Why did the father think that his son was selfish?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What made the father give the money his son was asking for?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. Why did the father get angry again after giving his son the money?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. How did the father react when he learned about the reason why his son
was asking for money?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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Recognizing Values

Values are things, beliefs, actions, emotions, and attitudes that are deemed
acceptable, desirable, and even praiseworthy. They provide the general guidelines for
social conduct and serve as criteria for assessing an individual's actions. Other words,
values may be defined as measure of goodness or desirability.

People's values might change as they experience new things in life and as they
interact with other people. They usually internalize the values of the people they get
along with. For example, before Mario met his current group of friends, he was so lazy
to go to school and study; but when he started getting acquainted with his newfound
friends who value the importance of education, his view and attitude toward having a
good education changed. He is now very eager to go to school and learn.

As an individual recognizes his/her values, he/she has to determine what is truly

important to him/her. The best way to do this is to assess his/her life. He/ She needs to
identify the things or situations that will make him/her feel good and confident that
he/she has made the right decision. When an action of an individual corresponds to
his/her values, such deed is considered satisfying.

After determining his/her personal values, it is a lot easier to identify the things
that are not helping him/her realize the kind of life that he/she wants to have. A person's
values are the basis of the type of life he/she truly wants. These serve as signs that will
guide him/her in discovering and achieving true happiness. If a student values the
importance of finishing his/her education in order to be successful and give his/her
family a better life, then he/she will study and work hard to achieve his/her goals.

Defining Virtue
Virtue is a habitual or a repetitive and firm outlook to act and do good things for
oneself and to others. It is the moral excellence of people. Morally exceptional people
are those who have values or virtues. Virtuous people are individuals who are honest,
respectful, compassionate, truthful, kind-hearted, courageous, forgiving, and kind. Since
they possess these positive character traits, they are expected to do the right thing no
matter what may cost them. They do not bend to impulses, yearnings, urges, or desires,
but act according to the right values and principles

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Once virtues are imbibed by people, these become habits and a part of their
character. For example, a person who has developed the virtue of compassion is often
referred to as a person who has a heart for the underprivileged members of the society.
He/She does things that will uplift the dignity of these people.

Here are some examples of virtues, which shape positive or desirable outcomes
when practiced in a given situation:

discipline forgiveness
trust persistence
respect creativity
patience service
kindness politeness
gratitude cleanliness

A proof that an individual has become a virtuous person is when other people
respond to him/her positively. His/Her family members, friends, classmates, and
neighbors trust and depend on him/her. They will seek his/her guidance, help, and even
give advice. They see him/her as inspiration for them to work harder, study more, and
become better people. He/She will be known as a person with exceptional character
who makes the right choices and strive for excellence in all his/her endeavors.

Values that are followed and lived out lead to identifiable virtues. Valuing
Self-Inventory
compassion leads to generosity, care for others, and sensitivity; valuing stewardship
leads to care and concern to the environment; valuing success leads to determination,
perseverance, and hard work; valuing others leads to love, kindness, respect,
appreciation, and compassion. These human character traits are generally treasured
around the world and have positive effects on every human being.

Values Versus Vices

Unfortunately not all values turn out to be good and lead to virtues. Some of
these result to vices. If a student values recognition for getting higher grades but the
means of achieving it is through cheating, good value is not developed. If a student
values winning in a sports competition like basketball but his/her manner of doing it is by
playing dirty, then it is not considered a virtue. Based on the two situations, it does not
matter how a person does it, whether other people would be negatively affected by
his/her actions as long as he/she achieves what he/she wants.

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Throwback

From the virtue listed below or any virtue that you can think of, choose one that
you think you had imbibed or acquired and kept on applying in your life as a teenager.
Write it in the space provided. Then cite three instances that will prove your answer. Put
your answer inside the given boxes.
Virtues:
Ability Encouragement Ingenuity
Acceptance Endurance Kindness
Appreciation Enthusiasm Knowledgeable
Assertiveness Excellence Obedience
Attentiveness Fairness Patience
Cleanliness Flexibility Optimism
Commitment Focus Perseverance
Compassion Generosity Resilience
Confidence Hard work Respectfulness
Curiosity Health consciousness Self-discipline

Chosen Virtue:__________________________________________________________
Instances:

Self-Inventory

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A. Analyze each of the following values and check the circle if it applies to you or
not. Then identify the corresponding virtue that each value leads to. After doing
this activity, answer the questions that follow.
1. You no longer rely on your parents in doing your homework, washing the
dishes, and doing other household chores.
It applies to me.
Virtue:
It does not apply to me

2. You are the type of person who is highly conscious about how you look.
You always want to be glamorous.
It applies to me.
Virtue:
It does not apply to me

3. You are a power tripper who always wants to be in control of others.

It applies to me.
Virtue:
It does not apply to me

4. You are fond of eating healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables, and
you avoid soft drinks and street foods.
It applies to me.
Virtue:
It does not apply to me

5. You are a leader who does not accept suggestions from your
subordinates.
It applies to me.
Virtue:
It does not apply to me

B. Identify two good practices that you keep on doing. Then determine the virtues
developed on every practice you have listed below. Fill in the graphic organizer
with your answer.
Virtue
Practices:

Virtue
Practices:

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C. Think of ways on how you are going to live or practice the values and virtues that
will help you become a good, responsible and mature teenager. Write your
response in the space provided.

After writing your answers, write your daily activities that somehow
manifest the values and virtue on your list.
Values/ Virtue Activities

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LESSON 2 Hierarchy of Values

People's values affect how they decide on matters that are essential to them. The
decisions that they make depend on how they prioritize the values that they have.
These values can be classified into material, such as satisfying their needs and wants
or taking care of their body, and nonmaterial, which includes practicing the teachings of
their religion, respecting other people, or valuing friendship. Oftentimes, people are
faced with the problem of what value they should prioritize. There are instances wherein
there are two things that should be done at the same time. For example, they have to
choose between going to the birthday celebration of a friend or attending Mass with the
family. By knowing which value to prioritize, people would be able to use proper
judgment in coming up with a decision.

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Contentment
by Roderick L. Torres

Johnjay comes from a family that earns just enough to make ends meet. He
always dreams of being rich someday like his classmate Rodel, whose family owns
numerous businesses. Whenever he goes to Rodel's house, he is always envious of
how big the house is and the things that Rodel has-branded clothes, Shoes gadgets,
and many others. Most of the time, he asks himself, "How come some people enjoy the
luxuries of life while some, like us, do not?”

One time Johnjay asked his father why they are not rich like his friend. His father
told him that not all people are born equal.

At school, Johnjay remembered that intramurals would be held in a few weeks.

Everybody was excited because this was the most awaited activity in school. The boys
were already talking about the rubber shoes that they would wear. One even said that
his parents would buy him the latest rubber shoes worth P15,000. Johnjay was just
quiet in the corner. He could not join the conversation because he had nothing to share.
He would not be wearing any new shoes. He knew that his parents would not buy him a
new one. But at the back of his mind, he would insist that his parents should buy him a
pair.

That evening, when Johnjay's father arrived from work, he immediately talked to
him. He said that he wanted a new pair of rubber shoes for the intramurals because all
of his friends had new ones. As expected, his father said no. After hearing his father's
reply, he got angry. He ran to his room and locked himself. His parents followed him but
he did not want to talk to them.

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Days passed and he was still mad at his parents. Despite his behavior toward his
parents, they still tried to reach out to him. But their efforts were all put into waste. He
was still mad at them. One afternoon, while watching the television, he chanced upon a
TV program which he became interested in. After a while, he noticed he was already
crying. He was touched by the scene of the parents talking about how they love their
son. After watching the show, he realized how bad he had been to his parents. That
night, when his parents arrived from work, he immediately embraced them and said
sorry.

Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the story read.
1. What kind of life does Johnjay’s family have?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Why was he envious of Rodel?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What was he hoping for the upcoming intramurals?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. What kind of value did Johnjay exhibit at the beginning of the story?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. What made him realize that he was wrong?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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Hierarchy of Values

Max Scheler is a German philosopher and Sociologist. He

developed and made various studies on Social psychology. One of
which that made an impact was the Hierarchy of Values wherein he
classified and ordered a person's values according to importance.

The two lowest ranks are sensory and vital values, which refer to the bodily or
physical aspects of man. These are values needed to acquire the material needs of
man. The two highest ranks refer to values that are nonmaterial.

 Sensory values are values related to feelings brought by the physical senses:
sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste.

Example: Robert and his siblings were waiting for their mother to get home so
that they can already eat. They had been waiting for her for hours now and his
siblings were already hungry. He had no choice but to think of other ways on how
to feed them. He passed by a store and found out that the shopkeeper was not
around. He hurriedly sneaked in and grabbed food to feed his brothers and
sisters.

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 Vital values refer to the persons' need to survive or stay alive. These pertain to
the well-being of either an individual or a community. These include how people
value their life, health, vitality, capabilities, and things that would affect their
continued existence.

Example: Maria is a health buff who prioritizes maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

She sees to it that she gets enough sleep, eats a balance meal, exercises
regularly, and avoids vices.

 Spiritual or mental values pertain to how people identify and perceive different
behaviors or actions to either be right or wrong or fair and unfair. These values
include truth, righteousness, peace, love, and nonviolence.

Example: Ella is famous in her school because of her beauty and brains. Many
students admire her but some of the envious girls keep on bullying her and
saying bad things about her. Her friends tell her to fight back but she refuses to
do it. She explains to them that fighting back is not the proper thing to do.
Instead, she goes to her adviser and tells her about what the other girls are doing
to her.

 Holy values are values based on what a person believes based on his/her
religion or faith. Once attained it is considered as the peak of human existence.
People are created with a purpose in life. Once they accomplished it they have
already attained the peak of their existence.

Example: Martin values his faith so much that he regularly attends the Mass. One
time, a week before his quarterly exams, he had to finish so many projects that
should be submitted immediately. He thought of skipping the Sunday Mass
because he would not be able to finish everything on time. "Anyway God will
understand," he told himself. But at the back of his mind there was this feeling of
guilt. He could not concentrate on what he was doing. He suddenly changed
clothes and attended the Mass.

It is essential for teenagers to understand the hierarchy of values. Even at an

early stage of their lives, they should already learn what things should be given priority
over others. Should they give more value to material things or should they prioritize
more the relationship they have with the people around them? The decisions should be
based on what is more important. It should be kept in mind that the realization of proper

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order of values would lead to the fulfillment of total as an individual (responsible,

truthful, peace-loving, and God-fearing).

Throwback
As a student there are so many memories, whether events or activities, of your
life in school. Recall two life events that you value most as a student. Explain your
responses using the graphic organizer.

A. The Johari window is a tool that helps you learn important things about yourself.
Fill in the Johari window with the values indicated for each window. Be guided by
the instructions below. Then answer the questions that follow.

Window 1 (Open or Arena): Write your values that are recognized by

both you and your peers. It is the part of yourself that you
and others see. Ask a friend or classmate what he/she

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sees in you.
Window 2 (Blind Spot): Write in this window your values that you do
not recognize but are known by your peers. It is the
aspect that others see but you are not aware of.
Window 3 (Unknown): Write in this window your values that you and
your peers do not recognize but may be present in you.
These values are already in you but are not yet seen
because you have not developed it yet.
Window 4 (Hidden or Façade): Write in this window your values that
you recognize but not by any of your peers. It is your
private space that you know but keep from others.

Open Arena Blind Spot

Hidden or Facade Unknown

1. What are your realization after reading the list that you and your classmate have
made?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. From the list you made in the windows, how would you categorize your values?
Write them on the proper level of hierarchy of values below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 7

Sensory

B. After categorizing your values, list down your top 5 values. Rank them
accordingly. Write a brief explanation on how these values will help you to
become a better individual.

Rank Values Explanation

C. Explain the importance of understanding the hierarchy of values in the decision-

making process. Write your explanation in the space provided.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

LESSON 3 Internal Factors of Values

Have you experienced changes in your values as you grow older? What are
those changes?

People's values change as they grow old, experience new things, and meet other
people. Values also change as they are influenced by certain factors that are found
within a person. These factors may include varied personalities, beliefs, experiences,
and way of thinking.

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Learning from Mistakes

by Roderick L. Torres

I remember when I was still in high school, it was the time when I was
discovering myself, forming my values, and establishing my identity as an individual.
High school life, as others say, is the most exciting part of the life of a student. It is when
you start to form groups, try out new things whether good or bad, and enjoy the little
freedom given by your parents.

At that time, my
parents already gave me the chance to be on my own in terms of how I deal with my
studies. I must admit that during my elementary years, I was dependent on my tutor,
who had been assisting me with my assignments, quizzes, and exams. Giving me the
freedom and opportunity to be on my own was something new to me. I was excited but
apprehensive of this new situation. All the while I thought everything would come out
smoothly. I was performing at the expected level doing my assignments and passing my
quizzes and exams. But then there came a time when I lost interest in studying. I did not
study whenever there were quizzes and exams. Most of my projects were submitted
without exerting effort. I just passed them for the sake of submitting something. My
performance was a complete opposite of how I did when I was younger. After school, I
would just watch the television, eat, and then sleep rather than study. Whenever my
mother asked me if I have assignments I would usually tell her that I had done it already

My wake-up call came when I was in third year high school. That time, I almost
failed two subjects. The policy of our school was that if a student failed two subjects,
he/she would be advised to transfer to another school. I realized that what I had been
doing was completely wrong. I lost my interest in studying. I became undisciplined,

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disregarding the consequences of my actions. I wasted the opportunity and the trust my
parents gave me. I was a failure at that time. I should have valued the education that my
parents gave me.

The last year of my high school life was a different story. I became student. I
realized that I cannot go to a better school in college if my grades were ba My future
depended on what I was doing at present. If I did not change my behavior, I would be
nothing in the future.

Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the story read.
1. Why was the narrator both excited and apprehensive at the same time
when he entered high school?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What could be the possible reason for the narrator to lose interest in
studying?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Do you think the narrator exhibited irresponsible use of freedom? Why?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. What made the narrator realize his mistakes and change his attitude and
behavior toward education?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. What positive and negative values were shown by the narrator?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Factors That Affect One's Values

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Values, as discussed in the previous lessons, are defined as beliefs and

principles that people follow and do. These may be good or bad, desirable or
undesirable, depending on how people view them.
These values may be influenced by various factors, whether internal or external.
Factors that are found within a person are also known as internal factors. These internal
factors include the following:

1. Conscience
It is the person's inner sense of what is right or wrong toward one's behavior or
action. It pushes the person to do the right actions. People with conscience think
and weigh things before doing an act. Conscience teaches and develops people
to be patient, critical, truthful, and mindful of their actions. Students who are
guided by their conscience would easily know their responsibility in school. They
would do away with things that would negatively affect their studies and focus on
being good students. Another thing is that with the guidance of conscience,
teenagers could devote their time doing productive activities in their community
like participating in programs with a cause.

Example:
Lester was asked by his best friend to let him copy his assignment in
Math. His best friend was not able to do it because he spent his time playing
computer games. Though they are best friends, Lester did not allow him to copy
his answers because it would only teach him to become lazy and dependent on
him every time they have an assignment.

2. Responsible use of freedom

Freedom is a state wherein a person has the right and chance to speak,
act, express, and pursue happiness without external restrictions that will hinder
him/her from doing what he/she feels is right. It gives him/her the opportunity to
decide to be who he/she is and what to do. However, freedom comes with the
responsibility to balance things and not abuse his/her freedom.

Example:
Frank was given by his parents the freedom to decide for himself and do
what he wants to do for as long as he knows his restrictions. Before doing
something, he thinks of the possible effects of his actions on himself, his family,
or people around him.

3. Being sensitive to wrong actions

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Being sensitive is being quick to detect and respond to changes,

influences, actions, or behavior. It allows one to know when something is
negative or wrong. However, it is not limited to his/her awareness of the situation.
Being sensitive also means acting upon the situation after being aware and
predicting possible outcomes to avoid undesirable results.

Example:
Sarah saw a group of young boys vandalizing the walls and gates of her
neighbor. Vandalism had been a problem of their barangay for quite some time
and it has not been solved by the authorities. She knew that if she would report it,
the problem would be solved but she was hesitant because the vandals also saw
her. She feared that they would get back at her. After thinking of the different
possibilities, she went, together with her parents, to the barangay officials to
report what she saw.

4. Living the virtues

Virtues help and guide a person in achieving the kind of person that he/
she would like to be in the future. A person can be easily influenced by what
his/her culture dictates and his/her personal selfish desires unless he/she
strongly hold to his/her virtues. It is easy to say that a person values his/her
family, friends, community, and religion. He/She may even genuinely yearn to
love all of them. However, it needs much effort, practice, and grace to obtain the
virtues he/she needs to be a good son/daughter, friend, citizen, and follower of a
religion.

Example:
Mark dreamed of becoming a part of their school's basketball team.
Unfortunately, he failed the try out twice. He was so frustrated that he wanted to
quit school and transfer to another. Later on, he realized that he should not quit
but continue on achieving his goal. He practiced his basketball and watched
video tutorial every day after school. He tried out again the next school year and
he was finally accepted and later on became the star player of the team.

5. Self-discipline
It is the ability of a person to control and motivate himself/herself to do
what is right. It is also the ability to manage his/her emotions, conquer his/her
fears, and acknowledge his/her weaknesses, and imperfections. It emphasizes

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the importance of focusing purposely on a goal. Self-discipline entails self

regulation, will power, and self-mastery.
In coming up with a decision or an action, one should use self-discipline in
order for him/her to be firm with his/her choice or judgment. Once he/she is
successful in doing it, he/she will feel good inside and in control of his/her life.
The more a person disciplines himself/herself, the more he/she develops self-
respect. An increased self-respect also increases one's self-worth and self-
esteem.

Example:
Agnes was the best student in Science. She had been successful in
representing her school in different contests as she won the majority of them.
Unfortunately, her success devoured her mind. She lost the urge to study for the
following contests, thinking that she could win without doing so. Eventually, the
biggest Science competition came. The winner would represent the country in an
international contest. Her coach told her to extend her review. She said yes but a
few days before the contest, she just watched the television and did other things.
The contest came and to her surprise and dismay, she lost.

6. Moral integrity
It is the adherence of a person to moral and ethical standards. A person
with moral integrity can be brave enough to do what he/she thinks is right, and
share his/her intentions with other people.

Example:
Marie, as the class president, sees to it that everything is in order. During
the previous quarter exam, she observed that cheating was very rampant. Her
classmates were aware that she knew of this. They approached her and told her
not to report them to their teacher. Knowing what was right, Marie informed their
teacher of the cheating.

Throwback

Think of an instance in your life wherein you have developed a particular value
that was influenced by a specific internal factor. Write your answers inside the given
graphic organizer. Then answer the question that follows.

Internal
InternalFactor
Factor

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Instance in your life

Value

How did the internal factor help you in developing the value?

Self-Inventory

A. Listed below are different situations that would require you to act or make a
decision. Select a particular internal factor that could help you in coming up with
a decision. Fill in the graphic organizer with your answers.
1. You are torn between becoming a member of the basketball team and running
as president of the student council in your school. Both are two of your
aspirations in your high school life. What will you do?

Internal Factor Decision/

Action
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2. Your father was caught by a traffic enforcer because of a violation. While

explaining to the latter, you saw your father secretly handing the enforcer a
P500 bill. He accepted the money and let your father go without giving him a
ticket. What will you do?

Internal Factor Decision/

Action

3. You feel that you are gaining more weight and that your schoolmates are
already teasing you because of your bigger frame. You are already feeling
down. What will you do?

Internal Factor Decision/

Action

4. The final round of the Mathematics Quiz Bee in your school will be held in one
week. The winner will represent the school in the district level. It is expected
that you will win the contest since you have been performing well in your Math
class. It so happened that the son of your father's friend is also vying for the
contest. Days before the competition, your father's friend went to your house
and requested you to withdraw from the competition. He even mentioned that
your family owe him a lot when your family was experiencing difficulties. What
will you do?

Internal Factor Decision/

Action

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5. You have a new set of friends that you brought with you at home. They were
rowdy and your parents got irritated with them. When they left your parents told
you that you should stop going with them because they are not a good
influence on you. What will you do?

Internal Factor Decision/

Action

B. Explain how the following internal factors influence you in developing a value
system that is morally good. Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Responsible use of freedom
2.

Conscience

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C. Interview any older member of your family (parents, uncles, aunts, cousins, or
grandparents). Ask him/her of a particular important decision that he/she has
made using any of the internal factors that influence the development of a
person's values, the process that he/she has gone through, and the results and
effects of the decision. Write your output in the graphic organizer.

Name of person interviewed

Decision made

Internal factor and how it influenced the decision

LESSON 4 External Factors of Values

Why do people's values differ from one another?

Why do people have different views on which are acceptable and unacceptable?

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How does the environment influence the value system of an individual?

People's values mirror the kind of individuals they are. There are values that are
considered innate, meaning, it is already within them. However, there are also values
that are acquired and shaped by their environment. There are certain external factors
that contribute to the formation of the people's value system. The family plays an
important role in molding the value system of their child/children. It is at home where
these teenagers learn and get hold of values that will guide them in their lives. A
religious family may influence its children the importance of praying and following the
teachings of its religion. A truthful family may always remind its members the value of
telling the truth and achieving something the right way. These values imparted by the
family will help these young people become better and responsible individuals in the
future.

The Wooden Bowl

Anonymous

A frail old man went to live with

his son, daughter-in-law, and four-year-
old grandson. The old man's hands
trembled, his eyesight was blurred, and
his step faltered. The family ate together
at the table. But the elderly grandfather's
shaky hands and failing eyesight made
eating difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon
onto the floor. When he grasped the
glass, milk spilled on the tablecloth.

The son and daughter-in-law became irritated with the mess. "We must do
something about Father," said the son. "I've had enough of his spilled milk, noisy eating,

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and food on the floor." So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There,
Grandfather ate alone while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner. Since Grandfather
had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a wooden bowl. When the family
glanced in Grandfather's direction, sometime he had a tear in his eve as he sat alone.
Still, the only words the couple had for him were sharp admonitions when he dropped a
fork or spilled food.

The four-year-old watched it all in silence.

One evening before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood scraps
on the floor. He asked the child sweetly, "What are you making?" Just as sweetly, the
boy responded, on, I am making a little bowl for you and Mama to eat your food in when
I grow up." The four-year-old smiled and went back to work.

The words so struck the parents so that they were speechless. Then tears
started to stream down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what
must be done.

That evening the husband took Grandfather's hand and gently led him back to the family
table. For the remainder of his days he ate every meal with the family. And for some
reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to care any longer when a fork was dropped,
milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled.

Source: www.moralstories.org

Answer the following questions based on the story read.

1. What irritated the son and his wife whenever they ate at the table?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What did they do to solve this problem?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What was the grandson doing that shocked the father one evening before
supper?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. How did the father react to his son’s response?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. If you were the son ofPREPARATORY

ROCKFORT the old man,SCHOOL
would INCORPORATED
you do the same thing? Why?
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Internal and External Factors That Shape a Person's Values

People's values are shaped and influenced by internal and external factors. Internal
factors, as previously mentioned, are those factors that are found within the person that
affects his/her values formation. On the other hand, external factors are outside
influences that may change how a person develops his/her values. These may also
have positive or negative effects on the beliefs of a person depending on how he/she is
influenced by these or on how he/she perceives it.
1. Family and how a child is raised.
The family plays an important role in molding the value system of their
child/children. It is at home where these teenagers learn and get hold of values
that will guide them in their lives. Children always follow and imitate the actions of
their parents. They learn a lot on how to act by observing their family members.
This is the reason why parents should exhibit the values, characteristics, and
traits that they would like their children to develop and practice. The latter should
be treated with love, respect, kindness, patience, and care. In turn, they will give
back what they have received.
A religious family may influence its children the importance of praying and
following the teachings of its religion. A truthful family may always remind its
members the value of telling the truth and achieving something the right way.
These values imparted by the family will help these young people become better
and responsible individuals in the future.

Example:
Randy's family is known for being truthful. His parents always remind
Randy and his siblings the importance of being righteous or doing what is right.
One time while on their way home, his father unintentionally violated a traffic rule.
He did not notice the traffic light turning red and crossed the intersection. The
traffic officer called their attention and told them of their violation. Surprisingly,

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the officer told their father that he would forgo of his violation provided that his
father would give him money. His father said, “No, I will not give you money. I will
accept my mistake and the penalty that is due to my violation.”

2. Teachers and religious advisers.

The school is not just a place for academic learning but also a place for
social learning. Teachers are regarded as second parents of students. Generally,
more waking hours are being spent by students in school than at home. They
spend six to eight hours in school with their teachers; thus, their mentors can be
considered as some of the most influential people in the lives of students. After
learning the basic lessons in life from their parents, children learn more things
about life from their teachers. Teachers guide their students especially in the
aspect of being independent because if they become too much attached with
their friends in school they will find it hard to be on their own. They also serve as
sources of experience. What they have experienced in life would serve as their
tool in imparting and sharing life lessons to their students.
In the same way, religious advisers,
such as priests, nuns, pastors, or any
religious authorities, also influence the
molding of the people's values. They are
looked up to as role models, confidant,
and someone who can be turned to
whenever one has problems or queries.
They are highly regarded and respected
as authorities. This is why most people
listen to them and follow their advice.

Example:
Mrs. Cruz is the grade 7 adviser of Carmela. Carmela idolizes her teacher
so much because of her beauty and intelligence. As an adviser, Mrs. Cruz
always reminds her students of the things that should be done and should be
avoided. Mrs. Cruz also stresses the value of punctuality in school. In fact, she
also goes to school on time and never misses her class. These are just some of
to the things that Carmela likes about her adviser.

3. Peers.
Peers are one of the sources of the gradual acquisition of new cultures
and beliefs. Once children leave their homes, self-identity starts to develop

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because they begin to mingle with other people. Learning from the different ideas
and principles that they would encounter and imbibe would influence how they
view themselves.
Young adults are usually vulnerable to good or bad influences by their
friends. They easily absorb their traits and behaviors especially if they are still in
the process of developing their value system. Friends with negative traits and
values such as neglecting their studies, disobeying their parents and school's
rules, disrespecting others and making fun of others pose as pressure to an
individual to follow them or be like them since he/she needs to fit in with the
group. But it is a good thing if a teenager's friends are good examples who value
their education, follow the policies of the school, respect their parents and other
people, and are involved in productive activities.

Example:
Richard was a grade 7 transferee from a public school. Since he was new,
he was still adjusting to the new environment and culture. He was a bit
apprehensive because he still had no friends. Eventually, he managed to
immerse himself with a group of boys. His new friends are hardworking and
studious boys who prioritize their studies more than anything else. As days went
on, he was able to imbibe the characteristics of his friends and adjust to the
culture of his new school.

4. Cultural legacy.
Culture is described as man's entire social heritage all the knowledge,
beliefs, customs, and skills he/she has gained as a member of the society. It is
the distinctive way of life of a group of people.
Values of an individual are influenced by the beliefs and practices of the
family, group, or society where he/she belongs. A family who believes in
preserving traditions and customs like maintaining a closely knitted clan will instill
in the minds of their children the importance of valuing and respecting the family.
While a society that exemplifies the bayanihan spirit would develop among its
members values like cooperation, compassion, and unity.
Example:
Jonald came from the province where cultural traditions and practices are
strictly followed. You could still see teenagers pay respect to the elders by doing
pagmamano. There came a time when his family left for Manila to permanently

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stay there. Though he noticed that all of his cousins were no longer doing the
pagmamano, he still believed that the respectful gestures he learned from his
family in the province should still be practiced wherever he is.

5. Socioeconomic status.
This refers to the classification of people depending on their economic
group and educational status. Each group develops principles and values that
might be different from each other that guide them in life. Most families that
belong to the lower class and earn just enough value proper budgeting to be able
to support their day-to-day needs. Students from such families also tend to find
ways to earn more. Families who own businesses and corporations tend to
develop values like responsibility in the work place or good working relationship
with their employees. Even at an early age, teenagers are already being taught
by their parents on how to manage their business and develop the values
needed to successfully continue it. Though the principles and values of people
from different economic status differ, one thing is common among them and that
is they are all working hard to succeed in life.
Example:
Jojo comes from a family that only has an average income. His parents
are working very hard in order to sustain their needs. Being exposed to their
situation, he made a promise that he would study hard and finish college so that
he could give his family a better life.

6. Mass media.

Today, it is normal for people to depend

on various forms of media for information and
communication. As a result, most teenagers are
easily swayed and influenced by the things that
they see on television, Internet, and other forms
of media. These influences affect the values and
beliefs that they embrace and the decisions that
they make. Most teenagers who spend so much time using computers and
accessing the Internet tend to neglect their responsibilities at home and in

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school. What is worse is that young adults who get exposed to violence in media
often imbibe what they see.

Considering media's great influence, teenagers should learn to filter

information by absorbing the good ones and throwing away the bad ones.

Example:

Michael and Aaron are good friends who are very much into computers.
However, Michael uses the computer for his studies while Aaron uses it for
games and recreation. The difference in their use of computers resulted in
Michael to excelling in class while Aaron flunking his subjects and being put on
academic probation.

Throwback
Recall an incident in your life wherein your decision or action was influenced by
any of the different external factors of values discussed. Identify your decision or action,
the factor that influenced it, and assess whether you did the right thing or not. Write your
answers in the diagram. Sample answers have been provided for you.

Action/ Decision:
(I gave a portion of my lunch money to the outreach program of the school)

Influenced by:
(Parents)

Did you make the right action/ decision? Why?

(Yes, Because I know that sharing something to the less fortunate is a good deed)

Self-Inventory
A. Assess the degree of influence of the following external factors that affect you as
a teenager. Rate the influence by checking the chart from 0 up to the number
which you think corresponds to your answer. Then answer the questions that
follow.

0- no effect 3- moderate effect

1- not much effect 4- much effect
2- little effect 5- great effect

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1. Family

0 1 2 3 4 5

a. Why did you give rating?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

b. How can your family influence your decision and actions?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. Teacher and religious adviser

0 1 2 3 4 5

a. Why did you give rating?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

b. How can your family influence your decision and actions?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

3. Peers

0 1 2 3 4 5

a. Why did you give rating?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

b. How can your family influence your decision and actions?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
B. Analyze and explain how the following behavior or action are affected by the
given external factor. Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Teenagers today are believed to be lacking in social skills.

External factor Explanation

mass media

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2. A big number of children are engaged in child labor instead of going to

school, making friends and enjoying their life.

External factor Explanation

socioeconomic status

3. Many children in school who always commit offenses and exhibit bad
behavior are results of broken families/ marriages.

External factor Explanation

family

C. Enumerate 5 ways by which you can prove that an understanding of the different
external values will help you make sound decisions and think critically despite the
many conflicting influences. Write your answers in the space provided. The first
one has been done for you.

I will be a responsible user of the internet. I will use it for my studies only and
not for anything else.

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