EE323: Lab Report #
Title: The Separately Excited DC Generator
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Date:
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Abstract
This lab deals with separately excited DC shunt generator and its implementation in two
different conditions, i.e., under the no-load condition and full load condition. It was found in the
experiment that the armature current was in no-load conditions equal to zero, and the input
voltage was equal to the VA=VT terminal. Under full load, more circuit resistors are connected;
result in more strengthened reinforcement; the VT then drops. Furthermore, the demand for
greater power from the generator contributes to a high entrance power, which, due to a certain
lack of primary winding, is greater than the output power. In addition, the generator was obtained
a magnetization curve.
Objectives
Analyzing the separately excited DC shunt generator
Analyze the impact of the no-load condition and under full load condition on DC shunt
generator
Obtain the magnetization curve of the DC shunt generator also obtains the armature
voltage vs. armature current load curve.
Theory
DC machine is a device that is an electro-mechanical machine with the ability to convert
electrical energy to mechanical energy in case of motor and mechanical energy to electrical
energy in case of the generator. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power by the Dc
generator, and electrical power is converted to mechanical power by the DC motor. For motors
and engines, much of the construction is the same. It must generate a magnetic field in order to
drive the generator. It consists of two poles, like the Yok, each with distinct polarities. When a
current flows on the poles-attached winding, the magnetic field is generated. As seen in the
diagram, the current referred to as excitation current. That called separately excited generator, or
related that called self-excited generator was divided in two ways by the current excite.
Figure 1: detailed figure shows how excitation current is produced.
In a separately excited DC generator, the field winding is isolated from armature winding and
power by a DC source. Excited current is produce when field winding is supplied by voltage
source which produce the magnetic flux that impact the armature eventually the movement of
prime mover. As the shunt field is one of the ways that dc current excites. This current induces a
motor magnet flow. Which influences the side of the frame that mechanically affects the shaft.
The switching system and brushes transform the ac voltage in dc as a voltage is generated on the
other side.
Figure 2: An equivalent circuit of the separately excited of dc genarator
Under no load condition, the load current result is equal to zero IL, IA=0 and only the voltage is
calculated. While there is a value for the load current as well as the voltage in the load resistance
relation. The ratio of induced voltage increases as the value of both load resistance and current
decreases as shown in the equation (2). If electrical power is delivered, the system generates
mechanical power, and the more power it provides, the lower the speed of the prime mover.
Procedure
I. No load Characteristics:
a. Magnetization Curve:
1. Assemble the circuit as shown in figure.
Figure 3: No load circuit
2. Use the function button and set the dynamometer function to clockwise prime
mover.
3. By the help of control knob set the speed of the dynamometer was set to
1500rpm.
4. Powered the dynamometer.
5. Turn on the power supply and change the input voltage to achieve the field
currents I f .
6. Turn off the power supply and voltage is returned to zero.
b. Speed versus Voltage:
1. Again the turn on the power supply, and change the speed of dynamometer
according to the list given below and
2. Adjust the value of I f to 0.3A dc.
3. Turn of the power supply and switch of the dynamometer.
II. On-Load Characteristics:
1. Assemble the circuit as shown in figure.
Figure 4: Circuit with load applied
2. Connect the resistive load to the generator terminal.
3. Use the function button and set the dynamometer function to clockwise prime
mover.
4. By the help of control knob set the speed of the dynamometer was set to
1500rpm.
5. Turn on the power supply and set the field current to achieve 300V dc the
generator end.
6. Take the several measurements at different resistive load values.
7. Turn of the power supply and switch of the dynamometer.
Complete Results
I. No Load Characteristics:
a) Magnetization Curve
Speed at 1500 rpm
Table 1: Magnetization Curve
If (mA) EA
0 mA 21.52 V
70 mA 87.15 V
130 mA 164.6 V
170 mA 209.3 V
230 mA 262.6 V
270 mA 294.4 V
300 mA 308.2 V
Plot the magnetization curve of the DC generator E A versus If
Ea Vs If
350
300
250
200
EA (V)
150
100
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
If (mA)
b) Speed versus Voltage
current 0.3A
Table 2: Speed vs. Voltage Curve
Speed (rpm) EA
0 rpm 0
300 rpm 62.4 V
500 rpm 101.5 V
700 rpm 141.7 V
900 rpm 180.2 V
1100 rpm 221 V
1300 rpm 260.7 V
1500 rpm 300.6 V
The speed is increased by some value the voltage will increase in the same value:
↑ E A= K ∅ w m ↑
Speed Vs Ea
350
300
250
EA(V) 200
150
100
50
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Speed(rmp)
On-Load Characteristics
Speed at 1500 rpm
Voltage = 300V DC
Table 3: Load Characteristics
R Load (Ω) IA EA Power Speed
Open 0A 248.3 V 0W 1500 rpm
2400 0.102 A 238.8 V 24.36 W 1485 rpm
1200 0.2 A 229 V 45.8 W 1470 rpm
Analysis Questions:
Q1) Plot the load curve of the generator using data above using a plotting tool such as
Excel. Explain in your own words the resulting graph.
As shown in graph given below, the terminal voltage is constant and that because the load
current increases and the terminal voltage decreases. Therefore, generated voltage increases.
250
245
240
Voltage 235
230
225
220
215
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Current
Q2) Why does the generator have a small voltage even for zero field current? Explain in
your own words.
That is because of the property of the "residual magnetism" field element. When ferromagnetic
materials make up the field windings, it does not decrease the magnetic flux to zero even after
the current, but it maintains non-zero value of the magnet flux. The residual magnetism is this
volume of magnet flow that is sustained. As this small volume of flow attached to the
frameshifts, a motor pushes very little power on the armature.
Q3) Calculate the voltage regulation of generator using data above. Comment on the
voltage regulation.
V no load−V full load
VR = x 100 %
V full load
300−229
= x 100 %
229
= 0.31 x 100 %
= 31 %
Voltage control defines the capability to have closer voltage over a large variety of applied load.
The voltage control is usually used for the measurement of the electric generators and the power
grid. The perfect voltage regulation is 0 per cent. It can be as minimal as possible for the proper
electrical system appliances.
Conclusion
In summary, DC motor and DC generator are known to be DC devices. Generators are
used to convert mechanical power to electrical power. In the generator, the flux is produced
because the current flows through the field winding and the voltage is in AC to convert it to DC,
a rectifier is used which is a commutator and a brush. There are two generator forms which are a
different excited generator and a self-excited generator. The generator that was tested in this lab
was a separate DC generator, which supplies the field winding by a separate voltage, and the
armature is rotated by a prime mover. The voltage produced can be regulated by the current
strength and the speed. In addition, the present flux would shift. As a consequence, the voltage
will double if the speed is doubled. As shown in Table 4-1, the voltage has also increased as we
increase the current. In addition, when there is no charge in Table 4-2, if we increase the rpm, the
voltage has increased too, and because of the E-pop A=k-pop-w m equation. If there is a load, I
L will increase, then I A will increase, and the terminal voltage will decrease. So, that means that
the more load the generator adds, the more current the generator requires. Finally, the more
power the generator uses, the more prime mover rotates, which means that the input power needs
to be greater than the output power. In table 4-3, whenever the resistive load decreased the
current increased, voltage and speed decreased because the generator demanded more power.
