STD.

API/PETRO STD 650-ENGL 1998

W 0732290 Clhl14353 T b 7 a
3-6 API STANDARD
650

in US Customary units: Table 3-1-Annular Bottom-PlateThicknesses

SI units
390t,
Nominal Plate Hydrostatic Test Stressbin First Shell Course
(HG)" Thicknessa of First (MPa)
Shen Course
where (mm) 1190 4210 5230 5250
tb = thickness of the annular plate (see 3.5.3), (in.), t 4 19 6 6 7 9
19<tI25 6 7 10 11
H = maximum design liquid level (see 3.6.32), (ft),
25 < t I 3 2 6 9 12 14
G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored. 32 < t 1 3 8 8 11 14 17
38<t545 9 13 16 19
3.5.3 The thickness of the annular bottom plates shall not
be less than the thicknesses listed in Table 3- 1plus any speci- US Customary
fied corrosion allowance. Nominal Plate Hydrostatic Test Stresscin First Shell Course
Thicknessa of First (lbf/in2)
3.5.4 The ring of annular plates shail have a circular out- Shell Course
side circumference but may have a regular polygonal shape cm .I 527,000 530,000 533,000 536,000
inside the tank shell, with the number of sides equal to the
number of annular plates. These pieces shall be welded in
t 5 0.75 l/4 9/32 ' '132
0.75<t51.00 l/4 9/32 3/8 7/16
accordance with 3.1.5.6 and 3.1 S.7, Item b.
1.00<t< 1.25 /4 11/32 9/16
3.5.5 In lieu of annular plates, the entire bottom may be 1.25<tl1.50 %6 7/16 9/~6 "116
butt-welded provided that the requirements for annular plate 1.5û<tll.75 12 '/a 3/4
"132
thickness, welding, materials, and inspection are met for the
annular distance specified in 3.5.2. aNominalplate thickness refers to the tank shell as constructed.
bHydrostatic test stresses are calculated from [4.9D(H-0.3)]1t
(see 3.6.3.2).
3.6 SHELL DESIGN CHydrostatictest stresses are calculated from [2.6 D(H - l]/t
3.6.1 General (see 3.6.3.2).

3.6.1.1 The required shell thickness shall be the greater of Note: The thicknesses specified in the table, as weli as the width
the design shell thickness, including any corrosion allowance, specified in 35.2, are based on the foundation providing uniform
support under the full width of the annular plate. Unless the foun-
or the hydrostatic test shell thickness, but the shell thickness dation is properly compacted,particularly at the inside of a con-
shall not be less than the following: crete ringwall, settlement wiii produce additional stresses in the
annular plate.
Nominal Tank Diameter Nominal Plate Thickness
(See Note 1) (See Note 2) 3.6.1.3 The design shell thickness shall be computed on
(m) (fi) (mm) (in.) the basis that the tank is filled to a level H (see 3.6.3 2) with a
< 15 <50 5 3/16 liquid that has a specific gravity specified by the purchaser.
15to<36 50t0<120 6 I14
3.6.1.4 The hydrostatic test shell thickness shall be com-
36to60 120 to 200 8 %6
>a >m 10 3/a puted on the basis that the tank is filled to a level H (see
3.6.3.2) with water.
Notes:
1. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the nominal tank 3.6.1.5 The calculated stress for each shell course shall not
diameter shall be the centerline diameter of the bottom sheli-course be greater than the stress permitted for the particular material
plates. used for the course. No shell course shall be thinner than the
2. Nominal plate thickness refers to the tank shell as constructed.
The thicknesses specified are based on erection requirements. course above it.
3. When specified by the purchaser, plate with a minimum nominal
thickness of 6 millimeters may be substituted for Il4-inch plate. 3.6.1.6 The tank sheli shall be checked for stability against
buckling from the design wind velocity, as specified by the
purchaser, in accordance with 3.9.7. If required for stability,
e 3.6.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, the intermediate girders, increased shell-plate thicknesses, or both
shell plates shall have a minunurn nominal width of 1800 mm shall be used. If the design wind velocity is not specified, the
(72 in.). Plates that are to be butt-welded shail be properly maximum allowable wind velocity shall be calculated, and the
squared. result shall be reported to the purchaser at the time of the bid.

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 STD.API/PETRO STD b5O-ENGL 2998 m 0732290 Ob24354 3T3

WELDED STEEL TANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-7

a 3.6.1.7 The manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a where

drawing that lists the following for each course: td = design shell thickness, in mm,
a. The required shell thicknesses for both the design condi- tr = hydrostatic test shell thickness, in mm,
tion (including corrosion allowance) and the hydrostatic test
condition. D = nominal tank diameter, in m (see 3.6.1.1,Note i ) ,
b. The nominal thickness used. H = design liquid level, in m,
c. The material specification. = height from the bottom of the course under con-
d. The allowable stresses. sideration to the top of the shell including the top
3.6.1.8 Isolated radial loads on the tank shell, such as those angle, if any; to the bottom of any overflow that
caused by heavy loads on platforms and elevated walkways limits the tank filling height; or to any other level
between tanks, shall be distributed by rolled structural sec- specified by the purchaser, restricted by an inter-
tions, plate ribs, or built-up members. nal floating roof, or controlled to allow for seis-
mic wave action,
3.6.2 Allowable Stress a G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored,
as specified by the purchaser,
3.6.2.1 The maximum allowable product design stress, s d ,
shall be as shown in Table 3-2. The net plate thicknesses-the a CA = corrosion allowance,in mm, as specified by the
actual thicknesses less any corrosion allowance-shall be purchaser (see 3.3.2),
used in the calculation. The design stress basis, sd, shall be sd = allowable stress for the design condition,in MPa
either two-thirds the yield strength or two-fifths the tensile (see 3.6.2.1),
strength, whichever is less.
S, = allowable stress for the hydrostatic test condition,
3.6.2.2 The maximum allowable hydrostatic test stress, St, in MPa (see 3.6.2.2).
shall be as shown in Table 3-2. The gross plate thicknesses,
including any corrosion allowance, shall be used in the calcu- In US Customary units:
lation. The hydrostatic test basis shall be either three-fourths
the yield strength or three-sevenths the tensile strength, 2.6D(H - 1 ) G C A
=
+

td
whichever is less. Sd

3.6.2.3 Appendix A permits an alternative shell design

with a fixed allowable stress of 145 MPa (21,000 lbfh?) and 2.6D(H - 1)
t, =
a joint efficiency factor of 0.85 or 0.70. This design may only s,
be used for tanks with shell thicknesses less than or equal to
145 MPa (21,000 lbflin?). where
td = design shell thickness (in.),
3.6.2.4 Structural design stresses shall conform to the
allowable working stresses given in 3.103. t, = hydrostatic test sheli thickness (in.),
D = nominal tank diameter, in ft (see 3.6.1.1, Note I ) ,
3.6.3 Calculation of Thickness by the 1-Foot
H = design liquid level, (ft),
Method
= height from the bottom of the course under con-
3.6.3.1 The 1-foot method calculates the thicknesses sideration to the top of the shell including the top
required at design points 0.3 m (1 ft) above the bottom of angle, if any; to the bottom of any overflow that
each shell course. Appendix A permits only this design limits the tank filling height; or to any other level
method. This method shall not be used for tanks larger than specified by the purchaser, restricted by an inter-
60 m (200ft) in diameter. nal floating roof, or controlled to allow for seis-
3.6.3.2 The required minimum thickness of shell plates mic wave action,
shall be the greater of the values computed by the following a G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored,
formulas: as specified by the purchaser,
a CA = corrosion allowance,(in.), as specified by the pur-
In SI units:
chaser (see 3.3.2),
4.9D(H -0.3)G CA
= allowablestress for the design condition, (lbf/in?)
= sd
+

fd
Sd
(see 3.6.2.1),
4.9D(H-0.3) S, = allowable stress for the hydrostatic test condition,
t, =
s, (lbf/in?) (see 3.6.2.2).

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 3-8 API STANDARD
650

Table 3-2-Permissible Plate Materials and Allowable Stresses

Minimum Minimum Product Hy drosîatic
Plate Yield Strength Tensile Strength Design Stress sd Test Stress S,
Specification Grade MPa (psi) MPa (psi) MPa (psi) MPa (psi)
ASTM Specifications
A 283M C 205 (30,000) 380 (55,000) 137 (20,000) 154 (22,500)
A 285M C 205 (30,000) 380 (55,000) 137 (20,000) 154 (22,500)
A 131M A, B, CS 235 (34,000) 400 (58,000) 157 (22300) 171 ( ~ Q o o )
A 36M 250 (36,000) 400 (58,000) 160 (23soO) 171 (24Qoo)
A 131M EH 36 360 (51,000) 490a (71,000") 196 (28,400) 210 (30,400)
A 573M 400 220 (32,000) 400 (58,000) 147 (21,300) 165 (24,000)
A 573M 450 240 (35,000) 450 (65 ,000) 160 (23,300) 180 (26,300)
A 573M 485 290 (42,000) 48Sa (70,000a) 193 (28,ûûO) 208 (30,000)
A 516M 380 205 (30,000) 380 (55,000) 137 (20,OOO) 154 (22,500)
A 516M 415 220 (32,000) 415 (60,000) 147 (21,300) 165 (24,000)
A 516M 450 240 (35,000) 450 (65,000) 160 (23,300) 180 (26,300)
A 516M 485 260 (38,000) 485 (70,000) 173 (25,300) 195 (28,500)
A 662M B 275 (40,000) 450 (65,000) 180 (26,000) 193 (27,900)
A 662M C 295 (43,000) 485a (70,0003 194 (28,000) 208 (30,000)
A 537M 1 345 (50,000) 48iía (70pOOa) 194 (28,000) 208 (30,000)
A 537M 2 415 (60,000) 550a (8O,ûOOa) 220 (32,000) 236 (34,300)
A 633M C, D 345 (50,000) 485a ( 7 0 , W ) 194 (28,000) 208 (30,000)
A 678M A 345 (50,000) 485a (70,0003 194 (28,000) 208 (30,000)
A 678M B 415 (60,000) 550a (80,oOOa) 220 (32,000) 236 (34,300)
A 737M B 345 (50,000) 485a (70,ûûOa) 194 (28,000) 208 (30,000)
~ ~~

CSA Specifications
G40.21M 260w 260 (37,700) 410 (59,500) 164 (23,800) 176 (25,500)
G40.21M 300w 300 (43,500) 450 (65,300) 180 (26,100) 193 (28,000)
G4021M 350WT 350 (50,800) 480" (69,6003 192 (27,900) 206 (29,800)
G40.21M 350W 350 (50,800) 450 (65,300) 180 (26,100) 193 (28,000)

National Standards
37 205 (30,000) 365 (52,600) 137 (20poO) 154 (22,500)
41 235 (34,000) 400 (58,300) 157 (22,700) 171 (25,000)
44 250 (36,000) 430 (62,600) 167 (24,000) 184 (26,800)

IS0 630
C, D 265 (38,400) 61,900 (61,900) 170 (24,700) 182 (26,500)
E 355 C, D 345 (50,000) 71,W(71,000a) 196 (28,400) 210 (30,400)

aBy agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer,the tensile strength of these materials may be increased to 515 MPa (75,000 psi)
minimum and 620 MPa (90,000psi) maximum [and to 585 MPa (85,000 psi) minimum and 690 MPa (100,000 psi) maximum for ASTM A
537M, Class 2, and A 678M, Grade BI. When this is done, the aiiowable stresses shaii be determined as stated in 3.62.1 and 3.6.2.2.

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 STD.API/PETRO STD bSO-ENGL L77B = 0732290 Ob14356 776 a
WELDEDSTEELTANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-9

3.6.4 Calculation of Thickness by the Variable- thickness is used for a shell course, the greater thickness may
Design-Point Method be used for subsequent calculations of the thicknesses of the
sheil courses above the course that has the greater thickness,
Note; This procedure normally provides a reduction in shell-course
thicknesses and total material weight, but more important is its provided the greater thickness is shown as the required design
potential to permit construction of larger diameter tanks within the thickness on the manufacturer’s drawing (see 3.6.1.7).
maximum plate thickness limitation. For background information,
see L. P. Zick and R.V. McGrath, “Design of Large Diameter Cylin- 3.6.4.3 To calculate the bottom-coursethicknesses, prelim-
drical inary values rpd and tpPtfor the design and hydrostatic test con-
ditions shall first be calculated from the formulas in 3.6.3.2.
0 3.6.4.1 Design by the variable-design-point method gives
shell thicknesses at design points that result in the calculated 3.6.4.4 The bottom-course thicknesses tld and f l t for the
stresses being relatively close to the actual circumferential design and hydrostatic test conditions shall be calculated
shell stresses. This method may only be used when the pur- using the following formulas:
chaser has not specified that the l-foot method be used and
when the following is true:
0.4630 HG 2.6HDG + C A
fld = (1-06--&)(
H
In SI uniis:

-L < - lo00 Note; For the design condition, tld need not be greater than fpd.
H - 6
where tl, = ( 1 . 00.4630
6 - T L
H ) 2( 6T
H D)
L = (500 Dt)0~5,inmm,
D = tank diameter, in m,
Note; For the hydrostatic test condition, tl, need not be greater
r = bottomcourse shell thickness, in mm, than t p f .

H = maximum design liquid level (see 3.6.3.2),in m. 3.6.4.5 To calculate the second-course thicknesses for both
the design condition and the hydrostatic test condition, the
In US Customary units: value of the following ratio shall be calculated for the bottom
course:
L
- 42
H
where
L = (6 Dr)0-5,(in.),
D = tank diameter, (ft), where
t = bottom-course shell thickness, (in.), hl = height of the bottom shell course, in mm (in.),
H = maximum design liquid level (see 3.6.3.2),(ft). r = nominal tank radius, in mm (in.),

3.6.4.2 The minimum plate thicknesses for both the design tl = actual thickness of the bottom shell course, less
condition and the hydrostatic test condition shall be deter- any thickness added for corrosion allowance,in
mined as outlined. Complete, independent calculations shall mm (in.), used to calculate t2 (design). The total
be made for all of the courses for the design condition,exclu- thickness of the bottom shell course shall be
sive of any corrosion allowance, and for the hydrostatic test used to calculate r2 (hydrostatic test).
condition. The required shell thickness for each course shall
be the greater of the design shell thickness plus any corrosion
If the value of the ratio is less than or equal to 1.375,
allowance or the hydrostatic test shell thickness, but the total
shell thickness shall not be less than the shell thickness r2 = rl
required by 3.6.1.1, 3.6.1.5, and 3.6.1.6. When a greater
If the value of the ratio is greater than or equal to 2.625,
I*L.P.Zick and R.V. McGrath, “Design of Large Diameter Cylindri-
cal Shells,” Proceedings-Division of Refining, American Petroleum
institute,NewYork, 1968,Volume 48,pp. 111L1140. t2 - hl

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 STD.API/PETRO STD b5O-ENGL 1998 0732290 Ob14357 bo2
3-1O API STANDARD
650

If the value of the ratio is greater than 1.375 but less than where
2.625,
tu = thickness of the upper course at the girth joint, (in.),

t2 = tza+( t i - t 2 J
1.25h(l r t ,)O" 1 C=
K = tL/tu,
(X- l)]/(l + K'.5),

t~ = thickness of the lower course at the girth joint, (in.),

where
t2 = minimum design thickness of the second shell H = design liquid level (see 3.6.3.2),(fi),
course excluding any corrosion allowance, in
rnm (in.), 3.6.4.7 The minimum thickness tx for the upper shell
courses shall be calculated for both the design condition ( t k )
t b = thickness of the second shell course, in mm
and the hydrostatic test condition (ta) using the minimum
(in.), as Calculated for an upper shell course as value of x obtained from 3.6.4.6:
described in 3.6.4.6.

The preceding formula for t2 is based on the same allow-

able stress being used for the design of the bottom and sec- tdx = + CA
ond courses. For tanks where the value of the ratio is greater Sd
than or equal to 2.625, the allowable stress for the second
course may be lower than the dowable stress for the bottom
course when the methods described in 3.6.4.6 through
3.6.4.8 are used.
3.6.4.6 To calculate the upper-course thicknesses for both
the design condition and the hydrostatic test condition, a pre-
3.6.4.8 The steps described in 3.6.4.6 and 3.6.4.7 shall be
liminary value tu for the upper-course thickness shall be cal-
repeated using the calculated value of tx as tu until there is lit-
culated using the formulas in 3.6.32, and then the distance x
tle difference between the calculated values of tx in succes-
of the variable design point from the bottom of the course
sion (repeating the steps twice is normally sufficient).
be calcu1ated the lowest value Obtainedfrom the
Repeating the steps provides a more exact location of the
following:
design point for the course under consideration and, conse-
quently, a more accurate shell thickness.
In SI units:
3.6.4.9 The step-by-step calculations in Appendix K illus-
XI = 0.61 (itu)O5+ 320 CH
trate an application of the v~able-design-pointmethod to a
xz = 1ooOCH tank with a diameter of 85 m (280 ft) and a height of 19.2 m
(64 fi) to determine shell-plate thicknesses for the ñrst three
x3 = 1.22 (rtu)05 courses for the hydrostatic test condition only.
where
3.6.5 Calculation of Thickness by Elastic Analysis
tu = thickness of the upper course at the girth joint,
in mm, For tanks where UH is greater than 2, the selection of shell
C = ( K - l)]/(l + K1.5), thicknesses shall be based on an elastic analysis that shows
the calculated circumferential shell stresses to be below the
K = tL/tu, allowable stresses given in Table 3-2. The boundary condi-
tL = thickness of the lower course at the girth joint, tions for the analysis shaü assume a fully plastic moment
in mm, caused by yielding of the plate beneath the sheii and zero
H = design liquid level (see 3.6.32), in m. radial growth.

In US Customary units: 3.7 SHELL OPENINGS

XI = 0.61 (rtu)0.5+ 3.84 CH 3.7.1 General

~2 = 12CH 3.7.1.1 The following requirements for shell openings are

intended to restrict the use of appurtenances to those provid-
x3 = 1.22 (rtJ0.5 ing for attachment to the sheli by welding.

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 S T D - A P I I P E T R O STD 650-ENGL 1998 m 0732290 06/435ä 549 I

WELDEDSTEELTANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-1 1

o 3.7.1.2 The shell opening designs described in this stan- when calculations are made for the maximum required
dard are required, except for alternative designs allowed in thickness considering all design and hydrostatic test load
3.7.1.8. conditions, the required thickness may be used in lieu of the
nominal plate thickness. The cross-sectional area of the
3.7.1.3 Flush-type cleanout fittings and flush-type shell
reinforcement shall be measured vertically, coincident with
connections shall conform to the designs specified in 3.7.7
the diameter of the opening.
and 3.7.8.
3.7.2.2 Except for flush-typeopenings and connections,all
0 3.7.1.4 When a size intermediate to the sizes listed in
effective reinforcements shall be made within a distance
Tables 3-3 through 3-14 is specified by the purchaser, the
above and below the centerline of the shell opening equal to
construction details and reinforcements shall conform to the
the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate.
next larger opening listed in the tables. The size of the open-
Reinforcement may be provided by any one or any combina-
ing or tank connection shall not be larger than the maximum
tion of the following:
size given in the appropriate table.
a. The attachment flange of the fitting.
3.7.1.5 Openings near the bottom of a tank shell will tend
to rotate with vertical bending of the shell under hydrostatic b. The reinforcing plate.
loading. Shell openings in this area that have attached piping c. The portion of the neck of the fitting that may be consid-
or other external loads shall be reinforced not only for the ered as reinforcement according to 3.7.2.3.
static condition but also for any loads imposed on the shell d. Excess shell-plate thickness. Reinforcement may be pro-
connectionsby the restraint of the attached piping to the shell vided by any shell-plate thickness in excess of the thickness
rotation. The external loads shall be minimized, or the shell required by the governing load condition within a vertical dis-
connections shall be relocated outside the rotation area. tance above and below the centeriine of the hole in the shell
Appendix P provides a method for evaluating openings that equal to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell
conform to Table 3-6. plate as long as the extra shell-plate thickness is the actual
plate thickness used less the required thickness, calculated at
3.7.1.6 Sheared or oxygen-cut surfaces on manhole the applicable opening, considering all load conditions and
necks, nozzle necks, reinforcing plates, and shell-plate the corrosion allowance.
openings shall be made uniform and smooth, with the cor- e. The material in the nozzle neck. The strength of the mate-
ners rounded except where the surfaces are fully covered by rial in the nozzle neck used for reinforcement should
attachment welds. preferably be the same as the strength of the tank shell, but
3.7.1.7 The periphery of the insert plates shall have a 1:4 lower strength material is permissible as reinforcement as
tapered transition to the thickness of the adjacent shell plates. long as the neck material has minimum specified yield and
tensile strengths not less than 70% and 80%, respectively, of
3.7.1.8 With the approval of the purchaser, the shape and the shell-plate minimum specified yield and tensile strengths.
dimensions of the shell reinforcing plates, illustrated in Fig- When the material strength is greater than or equal to the 70%
ures 3-4A, 3-4B, and 3-5 and dimensioned in the related and 80% minimum values, the area in the neck available for
tables, may be altered as long as the thickness, length, and reinforcement shall be reduced by the ratio of the allowable
width dimensions of the proposed shapes meet the area, stress in the neck, using the governing stress factors, to the
welding, and spacing requirements outlined in 3.7.2. Rein- allowable stress in the attached shell plate. No credit may be
forcement of shell openings that comply with AF'I Standard taken for the additional strength of any reinforcing material
620 are acceptable alternatives.This statement of permissible that has a higher allowable stress than that of the shell plate.
alternatives of shell opening reinforcement does not apply to Neck material that has a yield or tensile strength less than the
flush-type cleanout fittings and flush-type shell connections. 70% or 80% minimum values may be used, provided that no
neck area is considered as effectivereinforcement.
3.7.2 Reinforcement and Welding
3.7.2.3 The following portions of the neck of a fitting may
3.7.2.1 Openings in tank shells larger than required to be considered part of the area of reinforcement, except where
accommodate a NPS 2 flanged or threaded nozzle shall be prohibited by 3.7.2.2, Item e:
reinforced. All shell-opening connections that require rein-
forcement (for example, nozzles, manholes, and cleanout a. The portion extending outward from the outside surface of
openings) shall be attached by welds that fully penetrate the the tank shell plate to a distance equal to four times the neck-
shell; however, the partial penetration illustrated in Figure wall thickness or, if the neck-wall thickness is reduced within
3-4B for insert-type reinforcement is permitted. The mini- this distance, to the point of transition.
mum cross-sectional area of the required reinforcement b. The portion lying within the shell-platethickness.
shall not be less than the product of the vertical diameter of c. The portion extending inward from the inside surface of
the hole cut in the shell and the nominal plate thickness, but the tank shell plate to the distance specified in Item a.

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 S T D * A P I / P E T R O S T D 650-ENGL 1998 = 0732270 ObL4359 485

3-12 API STANDARD

650

Table 3-&Thickness of Shell Manhole Cover Plate and Bolting Flange

~~

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7 Column8 Column9 Column 10
Max.Design
Liquid Level
m (fi)
H
6.4 (21)
8.2 (27)
9.8 (32)
12 (40)
14 (45)
16 (54)
20 (65)
23 (75)
amuivalentpressure is based on water loading.
bFor addition of corrosion allowance, see 3.75.2.
Note: See Figure 3-4A.

Table 3-4-Dimensions for Shell Manhole Neck Thickness

a shell plate thicker than required is used for the product and hydrostatic loading (see 3.6), the excess shell-plate thickness, within a vertical
distance both above and below the centerline of the hole in the tank shell plate equal to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate,
may be considered as reinforcement, and the thickness Tof the manhole reinforcing plate may be decreased accordingly. In such cases, the rein-
forcement and the attachment welding shall conform to the design limits for reinforcement of shell openings specified in 3.7.2.
bReinforcementshaü be added if the neck thickness is less than that shown in the column. The minimum neck thickness shall be the thickness of
the sheil plate or the aliowable finished thickness of the bolting flange (see Table 3-3), whichever is thinner, but in no case shall the neck in a
built-up manhole be thinner than the thicknesses given. if the neck thickness on a built-up manhole is greater than the required minimum, the
manhole reinforcing plate may be decreased accordingly within the limits specified in 3.7.2.
cFor addition of corrosion allowance, see 3.7.5.2.

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 STD.API/PETRO S T D hSO-ENGL 1998
WELDED STEEL TANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-13

Table 3-5-Dimensions for Bolt Circle Diameter Db and b. If the normal reinforcing plates for the smaller openings in
Cover Plate Diameter D, for Shell Manholes the group, considered separately, fall within the area limits of
the solid portion of the normal plate for the largest opening,
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
the smaller openings may be included in the normal plate for
Manhole Diameter Bolt Circle Diameter Cover Plate Diameter the largest opening without an increase in the size of the
mm (in.) Dh míïì (h) D, mm (in.) plate, provided that if any opening intersects the vertical cen-
500 (20) 656 (26*/4) 720 (2g3/4) terline of another opening, the total width of the final
600 (24) 756 (30'/4) 820 (3Z3/4) reinforcing plate along the vertical centerline of either open-
ing is not less than the sum of the widths of the normal plates
750 (30) 906 (36'/4) 970 (3S3/4)
for the openings involved.
(36) 1056 (42'/4) 1120 ( 4 4 3 4 c. If the normal reinforcing plates for the smaller openings in
the group, considered separately, do not fall within the area
Note: See Figure 3-4A.
limits of the solid portion of the normal plate for the largest
opening, the group reinforcing-plate size and shape shall
3.7.2.4 The aggregate strength of the weld attaching a fit- include the outer limits of the normal reinforcing plates for all
ting to the shell plate, an intervening reinforcing plate, or both the openings in the group. A change in size from the outer
shall at least equal the proportion of the forces passing limits of the normal plate for the largest opening to the outer
through the entire reinforcement that is calculated to pass limits of that for the smaller opening farthest from the largest
through the fitting. opening shall be accomplished by uniform straight taper
unless the normal plate for any intermediate opening would
3.7.2.5 The aggregate strength of the welds attaching any extend beyond these limits, in which case uniform straight
intervening reinforcing plate to the shell plate shail at least tapers shall join the outer limits of the several normal plates.
equal the proportion of the forces passing through the entire The provisions of Item b with respect to openings on the
reinforcement that is calculated to pass through the reinforc- same or adjacent vertical centerlines also apply in this case.
ing plate.
3.7.3 Spacing of Welds Around Connections
3.7.2.6 The attachment weld to the shell along the outer
periphery of a flanged fitting or reinforcing plate shall be con- Note: Whenever stress relief or thermal stress relief is used in this
sidered effective only for the parts lying outside the area standard, it shall mean post-weld heat treatment.
bounded by vertical lines drawn tangent to the shell opening; 3.7.3.1 For nonstress-relieved welds on shell plates over
however, the outer peripheral weld shall be applied com- 12.5 mm (l/2 in.) thick, the minimum spacing between pene-
pletely around the reinforcement. All of the inner peripheral tration connections and adjacent shell-plate joints shall be
weld shall be considered effective. The strength of the effec- governed by the following:
tive attachment weld shall be considered as the weld's shear
resistance at the stress value given for fillet welds in 3.10.3.5. a. The outer edge or toe of fillet around a penetration, around
The size of the outer peripheral weld shall be equal to the the periphery of a thickened insert plate, or around the periph-
thickness of the shell plate or reinforcing plate, whichever is ery of a reinforcing plate shall be spaced at least the greater of
thinner, but shall not be greater than 38 mm (1l/2 in.). When eight times the weld size or 250 mm (10 in .) from the center-
low-type nozzles are used with a reinforcing plate that line of any butt-welded shell joints.
extends to the tank bottom (see Figure 3-5), the size of the b. The welds around the periphery of a thickened insert plate,
portion of the peripheral weld that attaches the reinforcing around a reinforcing insert plate, or around a reinforcing plate
plate to the bottom plate shall conform to 3.1.5.7. The inner shall be spaced at least the greater of eight times the larger
peripheral weld shall be large enough to sustain the remainder weld size or 150 mm (6 in.) from each other.
of the loading.
3.7.3.2 Where stress-relieving of the periphery weld has
3.7.2.7 When two or more openings are located so that the been performed prior to welding of the adjacent shell joint or
outer edges (toes) of their normal reinforcing-plate fillet where a nonstress-relieved weld is on a shell plate less than
welds are closer than eight times the size of the larger of the or equal to 12.5 mm (I/* in.) thick, the spacing may be
fillet welds, with a minimum of 150 mm (6 in.), they shall be reduced to 150 mm (6 in.) from vertical joints or to the
treated and reinforced as follows: greater of 75 mm (3 in.) or 2'/2 times the shell thickness
from horizontal joints. The spacing between the welds
a. All such openings shail be included in a single reinforcing around the periphery of a thickened insert plate or around a
plate that shall be proportioned for the largest opening in the reinforcing plate shall be the greater of 75 mm (3 in.) or 2'/2
group. times the shell thickness.

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 STD.API/PETRO STD b5O-ENGL 1778 0732290 ObL43bL 033 W

3-14 API STANDARD

650

500 mm (20") and 600 mm (24') shell manholes: twenty-eight 20 mm-diameter ("4') bolts in 24 mm ('/E') holes
750 mm (30") and 900 mm (36') shell manholes: fody-two 20 mm-diameter (3/4') bolts in 24 mm (7/~")holes
(Bolt holes shall straddle the flange vertical centerline.)
Gasket (see Note 1):
500 mm (20") manhole: 635 mm (25%') OD x 500 mm (20')ID x 3 mm (I/B")thickness
600 mm (24") manhole: 735 mm (29%') OD x 600 mm (24') ID x 3 mm ( I h n ) thickness
750 mm (30") manhole: 885 mm (35%') OD x 750 mm (30')ID x 3 mm (lh') thickness
) manhole: 1035 mm (413/8') OD x 900 mm (36")ID x 3 mm (l/8") thickness

Rounded corners
(150 mm [ 6 ] minimum radius)

*Arc dimension =

Uniform, smooth surface

Rounded Rounded Manhole ID
corners I

See Note 2 See Note

Detail a Detail b

Notes: 5. The size of the weld shall equal the thickness of the thinner mem-
O 1. Gasket material shall be specified by the purchaser. The gasket ber joined.
material shall meet sec,ie requirements based on 6. The shell nozzles shown in Table 3-6 may be substituted for man-
stored, temperature, and fire resistance. holes.
7. When the shell nozzles shown in Figure 3-5 are used, the mini-
2. The gasketed face shall be machine finished to provide a mini-
mum centerline heights above the tank bottom given in Table 3-6
mum gasket-bearing width of 20 mm (3/4 in.).
are acceptable.
3. See Table 3-3.
8. For dimensions for Do, /&, L, and Wl see Table 3-6, Columns 4,
4. See Table 3-4. 5,and 6.
Figure 3-4A-Shell Manhole

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 STD.API/PETRO S T D b5O-ENGL L998 m 0732290 O b L 4 3 b 2 T 7 T I

WELDED STEELTANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-15

I I

I
I u)
w

I-
4
N
N
fn
! i z
a

I
I
w w

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 3-16 API STANDARD
650

One 6 mm ('/di) telltale hole

in reinforcing plate,
on horizontal centerlin

Bend reinforcing plate to

radius of tank shell

Alternative shape
for low-type nozzles

See Detail a or b for

I- -4-
--I I-t -I I -I I-t I

3-46)

bottom

Single Flange Double Flange Special Flange

REGULAR-TYPE FLANGED NOZZLES, NPS 3 OR LARGER
(Bolt holes shall straddle flange centerlines)

Nozzle 7

/2[6 mm (W)minimum]

Detail a Detail b
LOW-TYPE FLANGED NOZZLES, NPS 3 OR LARGER
(Bolt holes shall straddle flange centerlines)
Notes:
1. See 3.1 5.7for information on the size of welds. O 4. Details of welding bevels may vary from those shown if agreed to
2. See 3.8.8 for information on the couplings used in shell nozzles. by the purchaser.
3. Nozzles NPS 3 or larger require reinforcement. 5. Shop weld not attached to bottom plate.

Figure 3-&Shell Nozzles (See Tables 3-6,3-7, and 3-8)

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 S T D = A P I / P E T R O S T D b50-ENGL 1998 H 0732290 Ob14364 842 W

WELDEDSTEELTANKSFOR OIL STORAGE 3-17

Dimension A = size of fillet weld A

(see Note 1)

45"
7 1 . 5 mm ('/16")

-I t -I ) ~
4 1 0 mm (3/8") maximum

TY Pe a TY Pe b TY Pe c TY Pe d

THREADED-TYPE SHELL NOZZLES, NPS '14 THROUGH NPS 2

Notes:
1. See Table 3-7, Column 6.
shall be 19 mm (3/4 in.) or the thickness of either part joined by the fillet weld, whichever is less.
2. tmmin

Figure 3-5-Shell Nozzles (continued)

3.7.3.3 The rules in 3.7.3.1 and 3.7.3.2 shall also apply to 3.7.4.2 When the shell material is Group I, II, III, or IIIA,
the bottom-to-shell joint unless, as an alternative, the insert all opening connections NPS 12 or larger in nominal diameter
plate or reinforcing plate extends to the bottom-to-shelljoint in a shell plate or thickened insert plate more than 25 mm (1
and intersects it at approximately 90 degrees. A minimum in.) thick shall be prefabricated into the shell plate or thick-
distance of 75 mm (3 in.) shall be maintained between the toe ened insert plate, and the prefabricated assembly shall be
of a weld around a nonreinforced penetration (see 3.7.2.1) thermally stress-relievedwithin a temperature range of 600°C
and the toe of the shell-to-bottomweld. to 650°C (1100'F to 1200°F) for 1 hour per 25 mm (1 in.) of
3.7.3.4 By agreement between the purchaser and the man- thickness prior to installation. The stress-relieving require-
ufacturer, circular shell openings and reinforcing plates (if ments need not include the flange-to-neckwelds or other noz-
used) may be located in a horizontal or vertical butt-welded zle-neck and manhole-neck attachments, provided the
shell joint provided that minimum spacing dimensions are following conditions are fulfilled:
met and a radiographic examination of the welded shell joint
a. The welds are outside the reinforcement (see 3.7.2.3).
is conducted (see Figure 3-6, Details a, c, and e). The welded
shell joint shall be 100% radiographed for a length equal to b. The throat dimension of a fillet weld in a slip-on flange
three times the diameter of the opening, but weld seam being does not exceed 16 mm (5/8 in.), or the butt joint of a weld-
removed need not be radiographed. Radiographic examina- ing-neck flange does not exceed 19 mm (3/4 in.). If the
tion shall be in accordance with 6.1.3 through 6.1.8. material is preheated to a minimum temperature of 90°C
(200°F) during welding, the weld limits of 16 mm (5/8 in.)
3.7.4 Thermal Stress Relief and 19 mm (3/4 in.) may be increased to 32 mm and 38 mm
(1 l/4in. and 1l/2 in.), respectively.
3.7.4.1 Ail flush-type cleanout fittings and flush-type shell
connections shali be thermally stress-relieved after assembly 3.7.4.3 When the shell material is Group IV, NA, V, or VI,
prior to installation in the tank shell or after installation into all opening connections requiring reinforcement in a shell
the tank shell if the entire tank is stress-relieved. The stress plate or thickened insert plate more than 125 mm (l/2 in.)
relief shall be carried out within a temperature range of thick shail be prefabricated into the shell plate or thickened
600°C to 650°C (1100°F to 1200°F) (see 3.7.4.3 for insert plate, and the prefabricated assembly shall be thermally
quenched and tempered materials) for 1 hour per inch of shell stress relieved within a temperature range of 600°C to 650°C
thickness. The assembly shall include the bottom reinforcing (1 100°Fto 1200°F) for 1 hour per 25 mm (1 in.) of thickness
plate (or annular plate) and the flange-to-neckweld. prior to installation.

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 STD.API/PETRO STD bSO-ENGL 1998 0732290 O b L 4 3 b C 789 a
3-18 API STANDARD
650

Table 3-&Dimensions for Shell Nozzles [mm (in.)]

Column 1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column 6 C0lumn7~ Column 8c Column9c
Nominal Diameter of Length of Side Minimum Minimum Distance from Bottom
Thickness of Hole in of Reinforcing Width of Distance from of Tank to Center of Nozzle
NPS Outside Flanged Nozzle Reinforcing mateb or Reinforcing Shell to Flange
(sizeof Diameter of pipe Walla@ Plate b e t e r Plate Face RegularTyped LOwType
Nozzle) pipe tn DR L=D, W J HN C

Flanged Fittir'gs
48 1219.2 (48) e 1222 (48'/g) 2455 (963/4) 2970 ( I 17) 400 (16) 1325 (52) 1230 (483/8)
46 1168.4(46) e 1172(46'/8) 2355 (923/4) 2845 (112) 400 (16) 1275 (50) 1180 (463/8)
44 1117.6 (44) e 1121 (44'/8) 2255 (8S3/4) 2725 (107l/4) 375 (15) 1225(48) 1125( U 3 / 8 )
42 1066.8 (42) e 1070(42'18) 2155 (843/4) 2605 (102'/2) 375 (15) 1175 (46) 1075(423/8)
40 1016(40) e 1019 (40'/8) 2050 (803/4) 2485 (973/4) 375 (15) 1I25 (44) 1025 (403/8)
38 965.2 (38) e 968 (38'/8) 1950 (763/4) 2355 (923/4) 350 (14) 1075 (42) 975 (383/8)
36 914.4 (36) e 918 (36'/8) 1850 (723/4) 2235 (88) 350 (14) 1025 (40) 925 (363/8)
34 863.6 (34) e 867 (34'/8) 1745 (683/4) 21 15 (83'/4) 325 (13) 975 (38) 875 (343/~)
32 812.8 (32) e 816 (32'/8) 1645 (a3/4) 1995 (78'12) 325 (13) 925 (36) 820 (323/g)
30 762.0 (30) e 765 (301/g) 1545 (603/4) 1865 (73'/2) 300 (12) 875 (34) 770 (303/g)
28 711.2(28) e 714 (28'/8) 1440(563/4) 1745(683/4> 300 (12) 825 (32) 720 (28318)
26 660.4 (26) e 664 (26l/g) 1340 (523/4) 1625 (64) 300 (12) 750 (30) 670 (263/8)
24 609.6 (24) 12.7 (0.50) 613 (24'/8) 1255 (49'/2) 1525 (60) 300 (12) 700 (28) 630 (2a3/4)
22 558.8 (22) 12.7 (0.50) 562 (Z1/8) 1155 (45'/2) 1405 (55l/4) 275 (11) 65û (26) 580 (223/4)
20 508.0 (20) 12.7 (0.50) 511 (20l/8) 1055 (411/2) 1285 (501/2) 275 (11) (24) 525 (203/4)
18 457.2 (18) 12.7 (0.50) 460 (1 8'18) 950 (37'/2) 1160 (453/4) 250 (10) 550 (22) 475 (183/4)
16 406.4 (16) 12.7 (0.50) 410 (16'/g) 850 (33'/2) 1035 (403/4) 250 (10) 500 (20) 425 (I 63/4)
14 355.6 (14) 12.7 (0.50) 359 (1493) 750 (29'12) 915 (36) 250 (10) 450 (18) 375 (143/4)
12 323.8 (123/4) 12.7 (050) 327 (1271s) 685 (27) 840 (33) 225 (9) 425 (17) 345 (13'/2)
10 273.0 (103/4) 12.7 (050) 276 ( 1 0 ~ ~ ) 585 (23) 720 (28'/4) 225 (9) 375 (15) 290 (11'12)
8 219.1 (8'/g) 12.7 (050) 222 (g3/4) 485 (19) 590 (23'/4) 200 (8) 325 (13) 240 (9112)
6 168.3 (6'/g) 10.97 (0.432) 171 (63/4) 400 ( 153/4) 495 (19'/2) 200 (8) 275 (11) 200 (77/8)
4 114.3 (4l/2) 8.56 (0.337) 117 (45/8) 305 (12) 385 (15'/4) 175 (7) 225 (9) 150 (6)
3 88.9 (3'/2) 7.62 (0.300) 92 (3'43) 265 (101/2) 345 (13'/2) 175 (7) 200 (8) 135(5'/4)
2f 60.3 (231~) 5.54 (0218) 63 (2'/2) - - 150 (6) 175(7) 1
l'/.>f 48.3 11.90) 5.08 10.200) 51 12'1 - - 150 16'1 150 16'1 1

Thrraded Fittings
38 101.6(4.00) Coüplhg 105 (4l/g) 285 (111/4) 360 (14'/4) - 225 (9) 145 (55/8)
2f 73.0 (2.875) Coupling 76 (3) - - - 175 (7) 1
il/+ 55.9 (2.200) Coupling 59 (P/g) - - - 1% (6) 1
If 40.0 (1.576) Coupling 43 (1"/16) - - - 125 (5) 1
3/4f 33.4 (1.313) Coupling 36(17/16) - - - 100 (4) 1

aFor extra-strong pipe, refer to ASTM A 53 or A 106 for other wall thicknesses; however, piping material must conform to 25.
h e width of the sheii plate shall be sufficient to contain the reinforcing plate and to provide clearance from the girth joint of the shell course.
O cUnless otherwise speciíied by the purchaser, the nozzle shall be located at the minimum distance but shall also meet the weld spacing require-
ments of 3.7.3.
%e HNdimensions given in this table are for Appendix A tank designs only; refer to 3.7.3 to determine minimum HN for basic tank designs.
eSee Table 3-7, Column 2.
hanged nozzles and threaded nozzles in pipe sizes NPS 2 or smaller do not require reinforcing plates. DRwill be the diameter of the hole in the
shell plate, and Weld A will be as specified in Table 3-7, Column 6. Reinforcing plates may be used if desired.
gA threaded nozzle in an NPS 3 requires reinforcement.
O hAny specified corrosion allowance shall, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, be added to either the nominal thickness
shown or the minimum calculated thickness required for pressure head and mechanical strength. In no case shall the thicknessprovided be less
than the nominal thickness shown.
iRefer to 3.7.3.
Noie: See Figure 3-5.

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 STD.API/PETRO STD b5O-ENGL 1998
= 0732290 ObL43bb bL5

WELDED STEELTANKS
FOR OIL STORAGE 3-19

Table 3-7-Dimensions for Shell Nozzles: Pipe, Plate, and Welding Schedules [mm (in.)]
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6
Minimum Pipe Wall Maximum Diameter of Size of Fillet Weld A
Thickness of Shell and Thickness of Flanged Hole in Shell Plate
Reinforcing Platea Nozzlesb& (D,)Equals Outside Size of Fillet Nozzles Larger Than N P S 2, 1'12, 13/4
tandT tn Diameter of Pipe Plus Weld B NPS 2 Nozzles

aIf a shell plate thic-.:r than required is used for the product and .-jdrostatic loading (see 6), the excess sheil-plate thickness, within a vertical
distance both above and below the centerlineof the hole in the tank shell plate equal to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate,
may be considered as reinforcement, and the thickness Tof the nozzle reinforcing plate may be decreased accordingly. In such cases, the rein-
forcement and the attachment welding shall conform to the design limitsfor reinforcement of shell openings specified in 3.7.2.
h i s column applies to N P S 48,46,44,42,40,38,36,34,32,30,28,and 26 flanged nozzles. Refer to 2.5 for piping materials.
O cAny specified corrosion allowance shall, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, be added to either the minimum thickness
shown or to the minimum calculated thickness required for pressure head and mechanical sîrength. in no case shall the thickness provided be
less than the minimum thickness shown.
Note: See Figure 3-5.

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 STD-APIIPETRO STD 650-ENGL 1778 0 7 3 2 2 9 0 Ob14367 5 5 1 W

3-20 API STANDARD

650

Table 3-8-Dimensions for Shell Nozzle Flanges [mrn (in.)]

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column5 Column6 Column 7 Column 8 Column9 Column 10 Column 11 Column 12
Minimum Diameterof
Diameterof Bore Hub at Point of Weld
Slip-on Vpe:
Minimum Outside Diameter Diameter Outside Welding Welding-
NPS(Six Thickness Diameter ofRaised ofBolt Number Diametex Diameter Diameterof Neck Slip-on Neck
of ofFlanged ofFlange Face Circle of of of PipePlus %pea Typeb VpeC
Nozzle) Q A D C Holes Holes Bolts B B1 E Ei
48 1510 (59'/2) 1360 (53]/2) 1420 (56) 44 (44) 6.8 (0.25) a b C

46 1460 (57'/2) 1295 (51) 1365 (533/4) 40 (40) 6.6 (0.25) a b C

44 1405 (5.5'14) 1245 (49) 1315 (513/4) 40 (40) 6.4 (0.25) a b C

42 1345 (53) 1195 (47) 1255(49l/2) 36 (36) 6.2 (0.25) a b C

40 1290 (503/4) 1 125 (44'/4) 1200(471/4) 36 (36) 6.0 (0.25) a b C

38 1240(483/4) 1075 (42'/4) 1150(45'/4) 32 (32) 6.8 (0.25) a b C

36 1 i70 (46) 1020 (40114) 1085 (423/4) 32 (32) 6.6 (0.25) a b C

34 11 10 (433/4) 960 (373/4) 1030(40'/2) 32 (32) 6.4 (0.25) a b C

32 1060 (413/4) 910 (353/4) 980 (38'/2) 28 (28) 6.2 (0.25) a b C

30 985 (383/4) 855 (333/4) 915 (36) 28 (28) 6.0 (0.25) a b C

28 925 (36'/2) 795 (31'14) 865 (34) 28 (28) 6.8 (0.25) a b C

26 870 (34'/4) 745 (29'/4) 805 (313/4) 24 (24) 6.6 (0.25) a b C

24 815 (32) 690 (27'14) 750 (29'/2) 20 (20) 4.4 (0.19) a b C

22 750 (2g1/2) 640 (2S1/4) 690 (27'/4) 20 (20) 5.2 (0.19) a b C

20 700 (27'/2) 585 (23) 635 (25) 20 (20) 5.0(0.19) a b C

18 635 (25) 535 (21) 580 (223/4) 16 (16) 4.8 (0.19) a b C

16 595 (23'/2) 470 (l8'/2) 540 (21V4) 16 (16) 4.6 (0.19) a b C

14 535 (21) 415 (l6l/4) 475 (183/4) 12 (12) 4.4 (0.19) a b C

12 485 (19) 380 (15) 430 (17) 12 (12) 3.15 (0.13) a b C

10 405 (16) 325 (123/4) 360 (14l/4) 12 (12) 2.95 (0.13) a b C

8 345 (i3l/~) 270 (1d/8) 300 (1 13/4) 8 (8) 2.92 (0.10) a b C

6 BO(i1) 216 (8l/2, 240 (9112) 8 (8) 2.72 (0.10) a b C

4 230 (9) 157 (63/i6) 190 (71/2) 8 (8) 1.7 (0.06) a b C

3 190(71/2) 127 (5) 152 (6) 4 (4) 1 .I (0.06) a b C

2 150(6) 92 (3'/8) 121 (43/4) 4 (4) 1.68 (0.07) a b C

1'/2 125(5) 73 (271~) 98 (37/8) 4 (4) 1.74 (O .07) a b C

aBl = inside diameterof pipe.

b~ = outside diameterof pipe + 2,.
= outside diameterof pipe.
dCorrosionallowance,ifspecified,neednotbeaddedtoRangeandcoverthicknessescomplyingwithASMEB16.5Class lSO,ASMEB16.1Class 125,
and ASME B16.47 flanges.
Note: See Figure 3-7. The facing dimensions for slipon and welding-neck flanges in NPS 1 '/z through 20 and NPS 24 are identical to those specified
in ASME BI65 for Class 150 steel flanges. The facuig dimensionsfor Banges in "S 30,36,42, and 48 are in agreement with ASME BI 6.1 for Class
125cast iron Banges.nK dimensions for large flanges may conform to Series B of ASME B16.47.

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