CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
PRACTICAL REPORT II
EDM CALIBRATION
Programme : AP220 – Bachelor of Surveying Science and Geomatics
(Honors)
Course : GLS 459 - Basic Cadastral Surveying
Name : Muhammad Najmi bin Kamarudin
Student ID : 2020779689
Date of Submission : 14 Jan 2020
Lecturer’s Name : Sr Ahmad Norhisyam bin Idris
MARKS
Content :
Organization :
Language :
Originality :
Timeliness :
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................01
2.0 Objectives..........................................................................................................................02
3.0 Instrument…......................................................................................................................02
4.0 Methodology………..........................................................................................................03
5.0 EDM Calibration Procedure.......................................................................................04 – 06
6.0 Results................................................................................................................................07
7.0 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….………07
8.0 Comments...................................................................................................................08 - 09
References…………….………………….....................................................................................10
Appendix.................................................................................................................................11 - 12
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In modern surveying, they are highly demands on the final accuracy with expectations
currently falling below 10 mm. The measurement method and surveying instruments used have to
be adjusted to meet those requirements, especially the total stations as the most often used
instruments in survey works. At the same time, Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) as an
essential parts in Total Station works to determine the length between two points using phase
changes that occur as electromagnetic energy waves travels from one point to the other end of the
line.
By referring to Circular of KPUP Bil 1/2003, Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia
(DSMM) has requested all measuring instrument (prisms, measuring chains, EDM, total stations,
GPS, leveling instrument) used in cadastral survey to be calibrated. Test/calibration result slip need
to be attached together with field book. Therefore, Total Station together with reflectors shall be
calibrated at EDM test site when; the Differential Field Test shown a distance difference which
exceeding 10 mm; once every 6 months; after service; replacement of any units of the instrument;
in any defect due to fall or other, or inconsistent in reading distance at the same position . Hence,
this report is aim to show EDM calibration procedures according to DSMM practices to ascertain
either the instrument in a good condition or not based on maximum limit of constant error.
Fig 1: JUPEM EDM Calibration Site at Selangor
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2.0 OBJECTIVE
Objectives of this reports as follows:
i. To understand the EDM calibration procedures according to DSMM practices.
ii. To know how to record the EDM calibration data using standard form according to
DSMM practices.
iii. To learn the calculation from the EDM calibration data observation.
iv. To identified the instrument used in a good condition or not based on maximum
limit of constant error
3.0 INSTRUMENT
List of instrument used and tools need to complete the EDM Calibration procedures as
follows:
Ser Instrument Description
1. 1 x Total Station Total station is a surveying equipment
combination of EDM and Electronic Theodolite. It
is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic
data collector and storage system. The instrument
can be used to measure horizontal and vertical
angles as well as sloping distance of object to the
instrument.
3. 1 x Prism A prism is a corner cube or retro reflector,
normally attached on a surveying pole, used as a
target for distance measurement using, for
example, a total station. The quality of the prism
is determined by the flatness of the surface and the
perpendicular of the 90° surface.
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4.0 METHODOLOGY
This section provides an outline of the methodology for this report. The methods that have
been used in this fieldwork is the EDM Calibration procedures. This method is the practice of
performing function checks and adjusting equipment in the EDM Calibration Site. If the limit of
constant error is below than 10mm, the instrument in good condition but if it’s greater than 10mm,
the instrument are rejected to be used and need to be sent back to manufacturer. However, due to
some limitation, conducting of this calibration are subject to be done in theoretical only. Therefore,
all the data are obtain through two (2) source available as follows:
i. Lecture notes.
All the lectures notes comply with a couple of classes are fully used as a guideline
for me to prepare the reports. With a basic information, I have derive the needed one to
produce a brief explanation the procedure for conducting EDM Calibration procedures.
ii. Online Sources.
Due to limitation of practical class, the alternative for gain information and clear
picture about the EDM Calibration procedures is from the online source. By collecting all
the input required from the website as list on the references, I have summarize all of it into
this reports and suit it with the rules and regulation set by the Department of Survey and
Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) in line with guideline notes from lecture.
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5.0 EDM CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
5.1 Application
i. Firstly we must contact JUPEM JUD Office to get permission. We need to
send a permission letter to use the site and pillar’s key. In Shah Alam the nearest
office is at:
Pejabat Ukur Daerah Selangor Barat
Tingkat 2, Wisma Persekutuan Klang
Persiaran Bukit Raja 1/KU 1
41150 Bandar Baru Klang
Klang
ii. Once approve, on the day to conduct the EDM Calibration, we need to meet
the staff and they will provide us “Sijil Kalibrasi Tapak Ujian EDM” which stated
the actual distance between pillars as per shown in Appendix I and EDM
Calibration form as per Appendix II. Then we can continue to conduct EDM
Calibration.
iii. Standard design of EDM Calibration Site as shown in Fig 2 below:
Fig 2: Standard Design of EDM Calibration Pillars
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5.2 EDM Calibration Procedures
1. Setup Total Station at Pillar 1.
2. Setup one reflector/ prism at Pillar 2.
3. Start observing the distance from Pillar 1 to Pillar 2. Record the distance obtained.
4. Change reflector/ prism at Pillar 2 to Pillar 3.
5. Repeat the steps 3-4, but from Pillar 1 to Pillar 3.
6. Do the same steps until finish to Pillar 10.
7. Change Total Station to Pillar 2.
8. Setup reflector/ prism at Pillar 3.
9. Start observing the distance from Pillar 2 to Pillar 3. Record the distance obtained.
10. Change reflector/ prism at Pillar 3 to Pillar 4.
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11. Repeat the steps 9-10, but from Pillar 2 to Pillar 4.
12. Do the same steps until finish to Pillar 10.
13. Change Total Station to Pillar 3.
14. Setup reflector/ prism at Pillar 4.
15. Start observing the distance from Pillar 3 to Pillar 4. Record the distance obtained.
16. Change reflector/ prism at Pillar 4 to Pillar 5.
17. Repeat the steps 15-16, but from Pillar 3 to Pillar 5.
18. Do the same steps until finish to Pillar 6.
19. Make sure that you have 20 readings of distances like the following;
1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10
2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3
3-4, 3-5, 3-6
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6.0 RESULTS
6.1 Base on the observation, the data and the calculation as follows:
Pillar Number Hor Std
Obs. Temp. Difference
Distance Distance
Time (°C) (A - B)
(A) (B)
From To
8:32:16 1 2 5.935 5.940 -0.005
8:33:09 1 3 11.888 11.903 -0.015
8:33:41 1 4 51.011 51.023 -0.012
8:34:36 1 5 89.084 89.097 -0.013
8:35:03 1 6 126.945 126.955 -0.010
8:35:36 1 7 166.020 166.007 0.013
8:36:26 1 8 203.467 203.457 0.010
8:36:56 1 9 256.186 256.198 -0.012
8:37:26 1 10 306.234 306.252 -0.018
8:39:20 2 3 5.953 5.963 -0.010
8:40:00 2 4 45.071 45.083 -0.012
8:40:21 2 5 83.147 83.157 -0.010
8:40:40 2 6 120.999 121.015 -0.016
8:40:59 2 7 160.057 160.067 -0.010
8:41:19 2 8 197.527 197.517 0.010
8:41:44 2 9 250.243 250.258 -0.015
8:42:24 2 10 300.324 300.312 0.012
8:42:27 3 4 39.130 39.120 0.010
8:42:20 3 5 77.208 77.194 0.014
8:42:45 3 6 115.065 115.052 0.013
TOTAL -0.076
6.2 Calculation:
Constant Error, C = Total Different (A – B) / No of Observation
= - 0.076 / 20
= - 0.0038 @ - 0.004 m
7.0 CONCLUSION
- 0.004 m is within the acceptable constant error, thus this instrument is in good condition
and acceptable working order.
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8.0 COMMENTS
After study and accomplish the report about how to conduct EDM Calibration, even
without practical in the site, I have learn about the calibration process in order to determined either
the EDM is in good condition or not. Besides that, some other knowledge that I gain can be
conclude as follows:
i. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance
Measuring (EDM), Electronic Theodolite and integrated with microprocessor. The
instrument can be used to measure vertical and horizontal angles as well as sloping and
horizontal distance from instrument to the object.
ii. EDM have a great accuracy of obtaining distance compared to other method such
as taping and more useful for large scale survey works. It’s more reliable for quick detail
surveying due to electronic data processing.
iii. Any survey equipment either mechanical, optical or electronic can have specific
defects and/or malfunctions which contribute to the error and will contaminate the quality
of the surveying results.
iv. Calibration are need to be done in order to ensure the equipment is in good
condition and can be used for survey works without any hesitant.
v. In EDM calibration, the observation should be made repeatedly with the Total
Station set up on the other pillars. This will ensure that distance measured by Total Station
meets its accuracy.
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To be conclude, in Cadastral Survey, the final output of a measurement is a plan and
measurement data. All processes of producing this data are necessary to be concerned as it reflects
procedure and working system that can be guarantee the accuracy. Therefore the measuring
equipment used to collect, and process data must be determined through the calibration process to
ensure the instrument is in good condition and the data produced is correct. Referring to Circular
of KPUP Ser 3/1986, Ser 6/1986 and Ser 1/2003, in conducting surveying works, Survey officer
or Licensed land surveyor, must ensure the instrument tools that was used must be calibrated
according to procedures by DSMM and the result should be approved by Survey Director or
authorized officer by Director and it will be keep as record.
In a nutshell, I believe that all the objectives of this reports has been fulfil. A guide from
lecture Sr Ahmad Norhisyam bin Idris is the core for me to understand the purpose of EDM
calibration and its benefit for surveyors and other users of land measuring instruments. Even it’s
done in theory only, at this time I have already know about the function and discover how to
conduct EDM Calibration. All the input in this report can be very useful once I get a chance to
apply it on the field.
On the flipside, the only problem I faced is a practical lesson. In order to ensure that I am
fully understand on how to conduct EDM Calibration is by doing it at my own. But unfortunately
due to current situation because of COVID -19, it might be difficult to attend and conduct practical
works in field. Therefore, if the Movement Control Order (MCO) terminated soon, I’m strongly
suggest that students are allowed to practice EDM Calibration at any time even in a weekend or
public holidays due to catch up what we have fall behind. I do hope it can be done together with
other students and supervise from the lecture so we can learn more and practise using survey
instrument the field.
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REFERENCES
Log into Facebook. (n.d.). Retrieved October 31, 2020, from
https://www.facebook.com/GSTC.educations/posts/edm-calibration-test-at-shah-alam-by-
diploma-geomatic-and-skm3-learners/1180414358646916/
PEKELILING KETUA KETUA PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 1
TAHUN 2003. Retrieved October 31, 2020, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/a13ee-seg_103.pdf
PEKELILING KETUA KETUA PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 3
TAHUN 1986. Retrieved October 31, 2020, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/234c9-pek-3-
1986.pdf
PEKELILING KETUA KETUA PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 6
TAHUN 1986. Retrieved October 31, 2020, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/4061c-pek-6-
1986.pdf
ShamZ Studio (2020, April 15). How to Conduct EDM Calibration. Retrieved
October 31, 2020 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24gZvxwu_gU&feature=share
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APPENDIX
Appendix I: Sijil Kalibrasi Tapak Ujian EDM
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Appendix II: Sample of EDM Calibration Form
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