BTA TG cae EN Southem Pine ~ PERGOLAS ~ TRELLIS DESIGNS peeceues i ae GATES AND ENTRANCE AQRHES ~~~ SUMMER HOUSES AND GARQEN FURNITURE rtd ea Ler Noa ritaMe Jecbe_ [187. SPA-! COM. @SPy-2 com @SPy-3.com. @SPj-4com. @SP-C @SPABLBEL @SPI-EG @OSPASESS. @SPAAHRT. @SPA888 @OSPABEBHT @SPACEL @SPqwerce “GRADE-MARKS ON LUMBER ARE THE CUSTOMER’S GUARANTY” —From a Bulletin of the United States Department of Commerce. ERETOFORE lumber has generally been sold without H any identification marks as to the grade or source of ori gir dissatisfaction on the part of the public. Buyers frequently thought This practice led to. much misunderstanding and that they were not getting the grade of lumber paid for, and in some ‘cases this was doubtless a fact. As a means of correcting the situation and making lumber buy- ing simple and safe, a group of manufacturers comprising the Southern, Pine Association undertook, in accordance with recommendations of Hon, Herbert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, to mark the grade on the end of each piece of lumber shipped from their mills, In addition to the grade, the mark also shows the number of the mill which produced the lumber, and the official PA label, which indicates that the lumber was manufactured in accordance with the American Lumber Standards, and that it was graded by inspectors whose efficiency is subject to frequent test and examina- tion by offi 1 inspectors of the Southern Pine Association. Regarding this movement, Secretary Hoover says: “The grade-marking of lumber is an excellent id tend not only toward a more economical distribution, but it is a big step toward better merchandising and will directly benefit the manufacturer, middleman, and consumer.” YOU WILL BE CERTAIN OF GETTING STANDARD LUMBER OF GUARANTEED GRADE, IF YOU HAVE YOUR LUMBER DEALER FURNISH YOU 8 P A GRADE- MARKED AND TRADE-MARKED SOUTHERN PINE @SP-2 E.G, dations of grades and 3 the articles pictured in this book, sce Page 3 of Inside Cover. OSPyazaure Tit SARS on ge ge te ao ge Southern Pine that are manufactured. For recommen- to be used in the construction of= _ = Beautifying the Home Grounds with Southern Pine WITH GOMPLETE DETAILED WORKING DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS iden development, and this applies equally to new or Od, besutfel or ugly houses. Ie sometimes happens that 2% “ndinary or commonplace house can be made most attractive and fiven a charming air by judicious architectural treatment of the rounds. New homes, no matzer how setracive cam gain an ene anced appearance by the addition of le garden architecture. ‘Gardens themaclver, tee, shrubs, fowers require longtime to grow, to attain fll effecivencs, and meanwhile there is bound 1 certain sir of incompleteness tothe home, partisan in those seasons when natire blights all be the harder evergreens. The areca fates which evry guden sal ave and which are needed especially in connection with the grounds ol brand ‘new homes or older ® N: home is truly complete which has not an adequate gst- litde forethoughe they may be made pretty, even charming. Gar- den benches, porch and doorway seats and lattced panels buile to ‘screen off objectionable or unsightly views, these ae all thoroughly. ‘useful—but why should they be buile in & commonplace manner? Why dress dowdy when a litle style is just a0 easy attain? Pierced wood grills sein stucco or brick walls save alot of cost and add a fascinating note to the home, Arbors for supporting clamber- ing flowers, o grape arbors, likewise lattice trelses around doot- sways and bay windows, have a definite use—and yet al distinction nd beauty to any homte. Pergolas and colonnades in the gerden cr 25 part ofa front or side porch, or designed asa porte-cochire over 4 driveway, or a heautifil lattice arcadethest seem to make a home more complete. Little latticed garden houses, of tet plat= forms on the lawn with bright homes which may be, as is too often the ease, almost devoid of any architectural attraction, are rot purely ornamental in pur- pose bu serve often very useful nd tliatian needs aswell ‘The idea is to make uefol things lovely instead of ‘ugly, and. there fe no reason “why fences, gateways, or laundry yard fatice enclosures, for ex Ample, should be commonplace for illydesigned when with [ORE than one-chid af all che lamer ured in America is ‘Southern Pines No other wood very rguiement in ulin age ‘You can ave i for framing of all Kinds where sength and rigidity is necessary, for ineioe Sith of every description, 283, ‘most toportane of sly forostede work, where dura and te: flsance to weather is absolutely esenil. Te isa pleasure to woe painted casa tal, ated Exclosures for sleping’porche une cd for | OF Yarce ercens rei et ae Tht and yee asonihingy fe. Sve in Deautying the home. Very mich tthe point in chs eps are the trl eness enclosing hitchen yar or other Service parts of the yard oF wich sre a sion nal 0 Separate, say, an_oramental fon Homerel tea terrace outside ates pain beni known asthe “all pur ‘ig olay the mow popularthe sun parlor, with its Bagstone FX.” oor and Colonial boxed shrubs or Spanish jis, from the prosaic although necessary garage yard with its near-by kitchen of Isundry Yard. Such fences serve a valuable need and should be made as attractive as possible, separating the ornamental parts of the grounds from the service portions, ad Keeping them quite a8 die tinct from one another as the ornamental and decorative rooms are Kept part and quite dstinet from the service pars inside the house. Living ooms, sun parlors, bedrooms, are kept apart from the purely udliarian rooms in a home, such asthe furnace room, the laundry tub space, store rooms, fuel bins.” Even the modern kitchen, a8 good-looking i is fre- quently made to be these days, must be sequestered. Therefore it should bbe found desirable to pive thought tothe improvement in the appearance ‘of many of the existing “yards” and ‘grounds. A litle thought will ge igest many ways in which the awkward arrangement of many yards, the past, might be overcome, and afttimes in a brillant manner. The reans are at hand to transform "yards" into “beautiful ghedens,” Te will, simplify housekeeping, for one thing, encourage greater cleanliness, snd inspire the development of spots of theer beaty and surprising charm, making af setting for any woman's home a we cy m= <= SSE ee Sos moi on ona LPP SSS “Too often heretofore have womenfal, who wanted mofe beauty rouné their homes, heen ctcouraged by the seeming impossibiley of “doing anything with that yard," But we trot that what we say re wil hel to make clear that Eis bjectsnay easly be atsined and at a rlativel dow cose “This book of lattice, trellis and pergola designs should be of great hal. By consoting any architect who takes a nterer in such mater, ass ance may be had in poting out large or expensive problems. Fer a le slaboratescting any" bright woman can combing a rough sketch of he leas with selections from this Book snd turn the wark over to 4 god carpenter. An enie plan may not be possible of exceution all at on time but the good part of work of thi Kind ie that the development ex be progressive, anda litle bit of new work or a prety featare can be sted from time to die. ‘A good toany mon and boys have a valuable knack for handling tous, and delight in oing thing which make the hom Inore. bes for wie Inother of sisters, Th designing and erection o the Tight and grace rcitectural structure which embody the exten Sive use. of lattice anc trellis noe kao, ba becaute of height naar of the work should prov ‘mentally relaxing at wel 5 giving exercise to one mana sl ‘All of the mber wee for the ‘construction of ganlen. feaares of the Kind mentioned here con sists oF light pecs ol Wood. In navy all case the materials dresed four tides when Bought a the lumber dealers, and doesnot require laborious oF heavy exertion. The Pieces nay be obtainedin the exact dimensions required, in almost any shore or long lengths ede "The various design sheets contained inthe book are as fllows:— Sweet No. 23~-Desiows rox Sisei Larrick Paxeus.—A grest mum ber of the simplest panels built are shown on this sheet, 8 Well as many ‘unique and orizinal ways to arrange the lattice strips.” On the working Grawing sheet the top row ilustraes groupe of three and four verticals with a grese variety of diferent ways of arranging the horizontals and Finish at the top ofthe panel. ‘The midle row illustrates groups of four fnd more verticals and the bottom row illustrates more elaborate panels tuitable to be sed as invidual panels to ornamene bare wall spaces or infront of chimneys. The small single pancle are best adapted for placing in pate at both sides ofan entrance ora window or may be used in between pairs of wooden columns "They may all be mace of diferent sizes and thicknesses of lumber and say be lengthened or widened to suit your euirements. Several diferent ‘Snes of lumber are suitable forthe work and your umber dealer will show you the diferent kinds vse, ‘Surtr No. 2j—Onsauestat Larrice Pavets axo Dreonevive Desiors.—This sheet shows panels suitable for special purposes such as ‘Triple Garden Panels, Panels for Fountains and Sun Rooms. Te so includes a series of designs for lattice patterns to be used in interior decoration such as ball rooms, large halls or places of amusement. ‘The patterns can he used as wall panels with a latice base and also a laeice Frieze, or they may be carried around and across the ecling ofthe soon. ‘Avteries of patterns is also shown that will be of immense value co the ‘esigner ot builder who wishes to design his own special panels. The diferent standard units of arcangement are indicated. Various groupings of vertical and horizontal strips are shown and also sloping or diagonal ftrangements, A series of borders or special ornaments tnd cut-outs is included which con be ron in bans around the simple patterns. Methods tte alo shown for placing lattice around windows and making them become real erchitectural features of value to your hose. ‘Suers Nos, 24 aNo 25—SinoLE axb Onxawentar Larmice Fexee Desiors.—These sheets illustrate a great many different ways of con- structing a lattice fence. ‘The best designs for this work are shown and you will readily he able to select the particular type chat will bese suit your purpose. “There are several things to consider when selecting a fence. A fence to be uted on the street or boundary of your property should be strongly bile and of heavier construction than fence to be used entirely inside fon your own property outhern Pine Assoctation ‘NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ‘Then again as regards hejght a boundary fence is generally built higher than an inside fence. The epacing apart of the latice strips wil ‘depend on the amount of privacy that you desire. Too close 2 spacing jg not advocated, as even Wery open spacing gives an appearance of pri vvacy and then, when flowers or creepers are planted around the fence 1 soon becomes covered. Entrance gates are ako shown on these sheets and the vatious types of tgtes can be arranged on the diferent fences as dested. ‘Sncet No. 26--Destovs ron Ganoex Gates ano ENTRANCE ARCHES. —Many beautiful entrances are shown on this sheet. There ate gates to bbe used on boundary oF entrances direct from the street and there are gates eo be used inside on your property as separating diferent parts of Your garden, such as he lawn from the vegetable garden or the flower tanden, There ae also arches that can be built over your garden walks. Regardless of whether they perform any other purpose, they serve sacle supports for climbing plants and & background forTh ake nak wll inpora inthe pes STR Hs or Lames Go Fei, La gets Ate a na ADE RS, a Ses NSODOISo alee ks et Tigre eel tring soar cay ae ogee oases mee Sotto flfyaetae isp aren Shoes Ree Wnt tele Sb hens pete dh heen oe 0 nba Set a hts rar ney e a och foe pe Spree tae at Ya Sse raat lr pete ape de eas ie ar A large varity of different types are shown. Even the simplest pergola when properly buile wil always look well and, floated in Front of a latice fence, che background will add to ies appearance. ‘The ends of the rafters shovld be nicely finished. ‘Suzer No, 31—Desions sor Pexcouas, Gaxoex FuRsirune, ayo Swixo.-A. most complete collection of design is shown on this sheet, beautiful pergolas suitable for the finest of homes and gzrcens and smaller pergolas for the smaller homes. ‘The swing is farefully detailed and all the measurements and sies of lumber fate shown so that the directions for construction can be easily followed. ‘The perspective drawing makes every detail of construc. tion quite simple. ‘This swing is attractive to children, eis strong tnd light and does not take up mach space and can be easily moved around. ‘Suet No. 32—Destons rox Ganorst Feasrrunt,—This sheet itustrave a complete calection ofall types of garden chairs, seats fnd original designs from which a selection to please even the ‘most discriminating can easily be made. The simplest types of garden benches and park seats are shown as well as their method Of construction and detailed sizes are given so almost anyone can feusily build them. ‘These designs have all been tested and proved fntifactory in every way. Methods of construction are shown ‘whereby complicated joints are avoided and when well nailed oF bolted the work will be strong and rigid and will withstand rough handling. Complete working detail of another comfortable garden ‘ing are given on this shes, all the measurements are shown and the sizes of limber indicated and there would be no diftcalty in building ie yourself. This ewing is strongly designed and will hold ‘oro adults on each seat. It's the finest design ofits type we have ever seen, Every home and nearly every room in the house has 2 rocker—then why not an outdoor rocker or swing in every garden!Beautifying the Home Grounds with Southern Pine SHEET No. 22 Simple Lattice Panels SOUTHERN PINE—ALWAYS AVAILABLE, DURABLE, AND DEPENDABLE ATTICE panel are used to decorate the simpler and the moat expensive homes and sre equally efective regards of whether the hose i bul of wood, brick tone ot We therefore find them applied fo every eype of house and surface. They are the moat fictive an wel athe est expensive metho of adding Beatty and value fo the plinett “The pans shown canbe bil of any sn of lamb of hicknes deste and any pattern may beincressed in width or height actrding tothe space toe le. Panes pace a both sides of tn entrance dd to size and importance and an other- wis ordinary doorway made o appear lange ad orament A grea variety of design ae shown oo tis sheet all ng simple and eaiy made at clever cep and chy wil aye add any ties he cnt to the ale of Your Panels may be punted the sme cla as your house but ae generally bet painted white ‘x geen. They shoul be xed eo or tre inches oat rom the trace of the house to allow Plans te clinb around chem and when ch Hacked ov om the wal they cnet a ahadow Pelican greatly to hr valoe ts ormaments Southern Pine Association NEW ORLEANS, LA,SHEET No. 22 DESIGNS FOR SINGI A Fann A ait == ut IN I ct J] pea i] coe | 1 | | ar see se wo Se _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 Soe 1 L100 0h dea Ded ! TI oo cee ee ui i | I fe mI Lasoo ee TELE || or | - roa eee noe ase aS eee [ neste at rar Sa Se Ire 17 18 24 | TOM UVM 33 Trrtt wrrri 36 37E LATTICE PANELS Don foon o 011 ] NI Mj L tH] KSHkR wee 2 OU Hate tt HH 25 26 IMPORTANT NOTE > —Et p< ae TL IL LL go ILa aa eae a] ‘is aBeautifying the Home Grounds with Southern Pine Lyng ¢ Ornamental Lattice Panels SHEET No. 23 SOUTHERN PINE-ALWAYS AVAILABLE, DURABLE, AND DEPENDABLE Southern Pine Association. NEW ORLEANS, LA.SHEET No. 23 ORNAMENTAL LATTICE PANI | 2 U SSINGLE PANEL GARDEN WALL PANEL, XIMIXIXINIXIXIMININI | 10 cecoRATive PANELELS AND DECORATIVE DESIGNS ey ‘TRIPLE PANEL Tr} oeocrcce er | Sqy A SaIEUIYD ‘Ur Uononnstod 2onrey pur ureaq YyoBLIod Jo sojdurexs pemoy “3>e(d say 942 UE psn Sf oqquiny punos aiaya “Poxnuyun asowuTE 34 PIMOYS spompoon aq Jo apif ax wo 0} s¥aS wiosy s2d~Id posodxa dn Sut ~yonoa pue sone] oyi Sunued 24u0m tons [re Jo ssoupunos agp aunsuy ya xy se fyqyssod s9AaIay pepuouodos ‘axaMoy ‘ore syreu pozuEAyeE) “LOM KABOq 3Ip JO} ntieq souetios axe sys ano YBnowPE ‘aas9s |Ua speq PUL s[eU aim pais Greupio Som syppna peqIA pus sua} ANY] 04, ssraq 26n Syom ouy Aprejmonied uo ‘eduns yp op soy, “posn soyuds pure syreu pecsnnayo3 anny pjnoys soyavam oxp 02 Apenussu09 posodx> soyds pur sou ayp aavy axojauayp pu Syperuorsoy ay yor sereag, “spup aroaos 20 suuaors jo uano 949 UY a}qealsop S| Burypds pu Sup IO, poop -2sn0y v Jo Tea 3>Hq ay 02 pouarsey axe soqw|d fooy ames se seqMouOs uP parjog 2q plnoys Lays BseD yoy tw SsuaTRjoD auERS 40 Youug wo asa4 Komp URN a|qwAISP A]pEPDOdSD St SII, “oP oF OF Iq\5 od uaq4 wAOP PR[Oq 94 PINO|S “SUUNYOD 0 sxBj oy UO ApaLEIP ou 2504 YA sur¥2q Kawau a4p Sus on St 3UyA ‘SurBaq YlOBLog STIVN NV SLIO9 dO ASA LOAYAOD FHL sq ouinbar you sop som 2on2¥] pur syn Jo Sspofeur ays ang, poouss parxdedpuvs soonjans pur saoxjd usaaun pu ‘sowueur pensn, 27. ut ponand pus 396 yeu [ous ¥ ypu uMssayUNOD aq PlNoys spEaq joou oyp ase sup UL Puy “30H SunUIEd asnoy ssu]rasIy seas lwo posn sr sv ours oy 2q Pynoys qof Supured ap uoya aBsoqeP pre uisop poysruy AySry Jo 6 oom vjoRuad so aonayy amp ssoqun pasinbas 51 Buysiand oN, “ums a/Buys 21080319 pod Jo “Iw Ul Sy¥o9 oma jquidsooe s] puesg puvpuers pod Aue ‘sues [jes uy paxzur Kudu aynog 9g pJMoys y>1yAt uM Jo SyeD Bepo09 ons agp 20} 56eq aunsos ay SwO} pure pom axp Jo saiod ay #008 ey Sup jo suour qaus fr se soresoued y>rqa woo Buguad any poof esoyeur sey], -poppe s94up ressapou oxp pure “Jo pu pea pauig woo ax Jo sunyoa oyp yey Buyenbs aunuadim ypu pauUnya “Pe>| ua pus jo poosuyj aund yo peat ag pynoys sured jo 3800 3814 UU “ao and sy yuped Jo 3009 a8uy ay 3589] 38 pUN UEEA ax J0.IND aedoy 9q 02 ayfino soquiny passaucy “Posh puw an> aq 04 2px ayn Jo.3N0 ‘uaypa [gun ‘Buyyd uaazun 20 BuysBes mole 3ou op yor Syoddns wo 40 punou8 waAa uo ano prey 2q prnoys *ojq:ssod sw ays sv doy 03 [POUSoP 8131 Aya 1oquim] Jo soooxd fe pur sdins sonAKy UMP OU, som sone] 404 }0f0a9 apu> asm rou OC “PaxtW NAHayP eID sPAXP, spuax pur Supeneuod wo aumsiour anpun sdaay Sif, “A[yBnoLorp spus ayp qured on BumaB 10} ou pu safipa pur sapis [[e wo 3¥0> auo Sunured ‘snow ay 02 [PRIDAY[aP 8191 Se UoOR se s>qUuTY ay Ho 3809 v Kydd 04 St uLEd Lo PU v9] 40 yeas asn o9 spuanut uo somaya ‘Burured 205 2]su poo y AYALINYNA NAGUVD. WO SNOLLSANOAS ONLLNIVd FWOS “os op 03 yeoyutouona ou 31399 ‘zB5S990U Jt [10 ‘pur pra quis pavuged aq ue Joquiny ysnoy. -pssured you pus pours 3 asnur Aaqp “ysinos pasa 9q 02 auv sds soRAV| 20 survOg YOR Sip uoqAy THswUL a wo TeIBAdS axe arDyp Yor Jo “supEas a/Burys aiosomip Jo spurs prepunas étuo asf) "9949 pooB on aug, wa4aNoS 2ip Jo upeas pony oxy smoys YIM urs o[BuIyS aoso—1> usa ay8q] pour w spy pounas Apuonboyy axe soouay soNTeY su uoai8 oyed 40 airy pur suuNjoo ayy axey UaYO aHOW! SeIOBLIg ‘yquasop sdeysod axe s159y posojoo Ajke8 uapae aya uy so0ess24 a1 UG BUpHAS AoA uoyo axe s1994}9 awO.Tasjod pu “0I0 UL LOR etree ynuu Jo ojqndoosns st amaquany oped roxy uy “sioay> povured snyStzq 40 42ep 40 sues soxsep uy oq eur ‘aumauany uopae 30 SI, ‘save “Soypuag,“su0I09 9y8y] Ut 9q eur ssouay aomay] pus sojoBIOg “ssemye apppop on Jeapiaspur 1p 404 soyypur w sy awDys zoj09 943 ang. “pepadd s1 sBuIpwnoLaNs tp spy asesnuo> asaya Susas8 oped 40 {048 2484] A490 ¥ 40 ‘K4oar 40 ‘unit tu tpasn st ystuy porured w aja ‘punosdyoeg aya ype sy 20 ‘omna8 aa puoyg 02 pauisap sta: uate pase st ug “PALES9p 399g 24 uo Burpusdap aoyoy> ox “ysiuy urRas UY Oste [fam oo] suseNaEd YRS ang Sued yo pur proj yay porured pue oui wsoynog pessasp Jo apeur Ayensn are swoned sone] jeuojOD, “ pur 2[qeygeaw Sqpeas ysour aya 812YO pue “iqupuadap pur Sjqeinp Buons sx you aug wOYINOg se unouy jeuoIeUE AsorseystaEs 4a4 w st foog su UF UAOYS sufisep ayn Jo uontonsysuoo ay soy pasm oq 02 s2quUN] HN OUaq ‘Sost]JaAL, ‘svejossag YINOG JO Is() IYI JOF suoMsosIqDirections for the Use of South Pergolas, Trellises, Fence HE lumber to be used for the construction of the designs shown in this book is a very satisfactory material known as Southern Pine which is strong, durable, and dependable, and ‘offers the most readily available and economical material, obtainable at all god lumber dealers east ofthe Rocky Mountains. Tt is manu- factured in such vast quantities thatthe price is kept reasonable and the stock is always at hand when needed, whether one needs but a short strip of lattice ora truckload of various size. Southern Pine, which is the most widely used wood in the world, when dressed has a very smooth surface, and takes paint or creosote shingle stan beautifully. Colonial lattice pattems are usually made of dressed Southern Pine and painted with lead and oil paint, but Such patterns look well also in stain finish, the choice depending om the effect desired. Stain is used when its desired to blend the lattice or trellis withthe background, while a painted finish i used, in white for ivory, or a very Hight grey, or pale green, where contrast with the surroundings is needed. But the color scheme is a matter for the individual to decide always. Pergolas and lattice fences may be in light color. Benches, gates, grills, or garden furniture, may be in darker stains or dark or brightly painted effects. Infact garden furniture is susceptible of much varia tion in color, and polychrome effects are often very striking. On tea terraces in the garden gayly colored effects are perhaps desirable. Pergolas more often have white columns and white or pale green beams. Lattice fences are frequently stained with a thinned fight fren creosote shingle stain which shows the figured grain of the Southern Pine to good effect. Use only standard brands of creosote shingle stains, of which there are several on the market. When the pergola beams of latice strips are to be used rough, they must be Stained and not painted, Rough lumber can be painted with lad and cil if necessary, but itis not economical to do so SOME PAINTING SUGGESTIONS FOR GARDEN FURNITURE A good rule for painting, whether one intends to use stain or lead and oil paint, is to apply a coat on the lumber as soon as itis delivered to the house, painting one coat on all sides and edges and not for- getting to paint the ends thoroughly. This keeps undue moisture from penetrating and retards ‘check cracks” in the lumber. When the painted ends are trimmed off to their finish size, or when the scroll ends of beams are sawed out, the wood should be immediately re-painted. Sometimes beam ends are painted a brilliant contrasting color, and stained beams of heavy dimensions may have the ends painted with lead and cil. Creosote shingle stains may be bought in many different colors, ready mixed. Do not use crude creosote for lattice work. "The thin lattice strips and all pieces of lumber which itis desired to keep as straight as possible, should be laid out on even ground oF ‘on supports which do not allow sagging or uneven piling, until taken ‘out of the ple to be cut and used. Dressed lumber ought to be kept ‘ut of the rain until at least the first coat of paint is put on. ‘The frst cont of paint should be made of pure linseed oil and white lead, thinned with turpentine equaling half the volume of the com- bined lead and oil, and the necessary dryer added. This makes a good thin priming coat which penetrates as if with millions of tiny hair roots the pores of the wood, and forms the secure base for the suc- ceeding coats of paint, which should be bought ready mixed in sealed, cans; any good standard brand is acceptable, but do not use the so-called “eottage paints.’ For the best work three coats in all are required, including the first priming coat. Stained wood will require only two coats in all, of good creosote shingle stain. No puttying is required unless the lattice or pergola work is of highly finished design and elaborate, when the painting job should be the same ass used on regular first-class house painting work. And in this case the nail heads should be countersunk with a small nail set and puttied inthe usual manner, and uneven places and surfaces sandpapered smooth. But the majority of trellis and lattice work does not require this THE CORRECT USE OF BOLTS AND NAILS Pergola beams, that is t say the heavy beams which rest imme~ diately on the pillars or columns, should be bolted down where pos- sible so to do. This is especially desirable when they rest on brick or stone columns, in which case they should be bolted down somewhat as rafter heel plates are fastened to the brick wall of a house. Good bolting and spiking is desirable in the event of storms or severe winds. Beams which lie horizontally and therefore have the nails and spikes exposed continually to the weather should have galtanized nails and spikes used. For the thin strips, on particularly fine work, use brass For lattice fences and vertical trellis work, ordinary steel wire nails and brads will serve, although cut nails are sometimes better for the heavy work. Galvanized nails are, however, recommended wherever possible, as they will insure the soundness ofall such work exposed to the elements. By properly painting the lattice and touch- ing up exposed places from year to year the life of the woodwork should be almost unlimited, where sound lumber is used in the first place. Actual examples of pergola beam and lattice construction in climates which offer a severe test for lumber, because of extremes of dampness and unbalanced weather, show that over a period of twelve years no repairs of consequence have been required on either rough or dressed woodwork of this Kind. Bue the painting ofthis woodwork has not been neglected during the intervening time and it is this care ‘of wood, which it is only proper that it should have, which not only keeps a home looking “spick-and-span’ at all times, and avoids dilapi- dation, but gives long life to the materials, Southern Pr; NEW OR!n Pine in the Construction of , and Garden Furniture In rainy sections of the country it is advisable to lay all fence aps and pergola beams with a slight fall—a very slight fall is all that yneeded—to insure water draining off immediately. WOOD IN CONTACT WITH THE SOIL Where woodwork comes in contact with the sil, certain precau ons are necessary in damp climates, if not in the drier sections of be country. Where a post is party inthe ground and partly out it pould be set in concrete. To do so, the hole should be dag with a post hole digger” implement or a ‘sharpshooter’ shovel, and should c somewhat greater in diameter than the post and dug deeper than be distance the post i to he set in ehe ground. For example, a post $6 inches square (the size ofa inch by -inch rough post when iis resed four sides) which isto be set two feet in the ground, should ave 4 hole dg which is approximately 11 inches in diameter and feet, 4 inches deep. Four inches of good concrete, which means in is case with plenty of eement in it, should be poured into the hole, pe post inserted and conerete then poured all around so a8 t0 com. letely fill the space around the post. Tt should be ‘rodded’ with a ght piece of pipe or sharp stick and packed down tight and then ed up about two inches above the top of the ground and neatly fn- hed around the posts with a trowel. ‘Care must be used to set the ont plumb and to avoid jarring it while the concrete is setting..'Tops F posts are not to be cut off until all posts are set in holes. Holes hich may possibly be dug too deep, should not be filled with earth, i only with concrete, otherwise posts will setle and get out of ine. ‘The designing and building of pergolas, lattice and trellis effects, id garden furniture, offers a great deal of scope to those of artistic id ingenious talents, and the possibilities of design are only sug- ted in this book. ‘The book should prove of value to architects 1d landscape planners as well as the general public, and to drafts- en entrusted with the designing of lattice work ie will ofer a short in working up such details. The sizes shown on the drawings are it arbitrary and may be adapted to meet any set of conditions. RECOMMENDED SIZES AND GRADES OF LUMBER Sizes which may be suggested for fence, lattice and trellis work, ld be inch thick, 14 inch thick, 4 inch thick, or 1M inches thick, se being standard finish dressed sizes, by any standard wideh sired such as 32 inch, 1M inches, 18% inches, 194 inches, 134 ches, or 4 inches or 256 inches wide. Pergola beams may be of size corresponding to scale of the work, the popular size for roll and cross beams being 3-inch by 6.inch rough stock dressed wn to 296 inches by s$6 inches. ‘The main beams supporting these Association NS, LA. are proportioned to the stale of the columns or the necessities of span, and are used singly or in pairs spaced apart according to column diameter, and are of heavy stock from 4 inches up. Do not use boxed or built-up beams where work is exposed to the weather, although for interior work boxed beams are very satisfactory. The depth of pergola main beams ranges from 6.inch. stock to 12-inch stock, somewhat smaller when dressed four sides. All of these sizes and combinations of dimensions, in all softs of lengths, are readily ob- tainable in Southern Pine. “Both the tiniest strips and the largest bbeams may be had, whether for the garden of a home or for the lange scale work required on the roof garden of a great hotel. ‘The grade of the lumber forall heavy pieces should preferably be what is known as ‘Eighty-five per cent Heart, Girth Measurement,” and this is recommended for all beams with a sectional area of 32 square inches and up. No. 1 Common will often prove satisfactory for strips and for beams not over 2 inches or 3 inches in thickness. When ordering lattice strips or lumber for this work, call for it to be ‘dressed four sides.” A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PERGOLA ‘The ‘pergola’ is an adaptation from the old architectures of Europe. Many picturesque examples are found among the old vine- yards and in connection with some of the monasteries. American ppergolas are adapted from the more finished Italian villa examples, and are carried out in white Colonial columns, rough stucco oF square — brick pillars, and often support glorious clusters and banks of clam- bering roses such as the Rose of Montana, Marechal Niel, or Dorothy. Perkins, or wisteria, bougainvillea, clematis, honeysuckle, or Concord grape. Pergolas are successfully used across the entire front of large hhomes, or as terrace colonnacles or as extensions to the side of homes to add to the apparent width in these days when the ‘wide house” has a distinct vogue. Pergolas and lattice shelters are built as back- grounds to reflect mirror-like in garden pools and lily ponds, and are extensively used as a decorative feature for the large publie swimming pools being buile all over the country, and as park architectural fea~ tures. The word ‘pergola’ is of Latin and Italian derivation, and in ‘America has had various renderings, ‘The really correct way to pro- nounce the word isnot “pergola, but ‘pergo-la” (perg as “berg” ieeberg, and ola accented on the last syllable. Ie is hoped that those who have been considering the building of lattice screens, fences or enclosures, whether for a rose garden or Colonial old-fashioned flower garden, of for a service yard oF division fence between neighboring properties, will find this informat hhelpful. Lattice when properly designed is one of the most economi- cal methods of beautifying the home. ‘There is a place for a bit of beautiful lattice or grill work or gateway in every American home, somewhere in every American garden, A litde lattice, little column lr two, a clambering rose or bougainvillea, the fragrance of garden flowers lifted near to one’s bedroom windows by a lattice trellis ju outside, and wafted in on a clean night breeze—home with this will seem to be more lovely, family life sweeter, our own life toned to smoother lines.NE HUNDRED TIMES AROUND THE WORLD F all the Southern Pine Lumber that is used in one single year I alone were laid out in a board one inch thick and twelve inches wide it would reach around the world more than ONE HUNDRED TIMES. Southern Pine is known as “The All-Purpose Wood”? and its use for every class of interior and exterior work accounts for this enor- mous consumption and its great popularity. At Your SERVICE TEE comprehensive service rendered bythe Southern Pine Association is at your disposal. ‘The immense library and stock of books on Building and Wood construction of all kinds are at YOUR service, and most of these books are yours for the asking. Don’t hesitate to write us; we welcome your inquiries and our staff and practical experts are always willing and anxious to give you the benefit of their knowledge and experience and to guide you in the selection and use of Southern Pine Lumber. OUR SEAL is the “First Aid” ‘Sign and Guarantee for the success- fal solution of all your building problems. Make use oft, WRITE ‘TODAY. Copyright 1506 Southern Pine Awociation [New Orean, La.