EXPERIMENT 1: DENSITY MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVES
1. To study the fundamental principles (hydrostatic) of density measurement
2. To compare the density measurements of two different density transmitters
(diaphragm-seals & bubble tube arrangement )
3. To study the effect of pressure on the density measurement.
PLANT DESCRIPTION
AR2
LT2
DT2
PRV2
PG1 MV21
MV2 MV3
AR1
MV22
MV23
AR3
TG2 TG1
IAS
AR4
LT1 SG1
T-2 DT1 T-1
MV4
MV14
MV15
MV20 SV1
AR5
S
MV18
MV12
MV19
MV16 PRV1
BV1
MV11 MV1
MV17
MV10 MV8
TAP
T-4 T-3
Ambient Water Sugar Water
MV6
MV7
MV13 MV9
MV5
P-2 P-1
Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF3791
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Switch ON the panel
2. Set the valve accordingly to the table given ( open tank-tank 1-ambient water ) state a
Result and discussion
3. Take a sample from a feed tank and measure the density by using a hydrometer and
record your reading at result and discussion
4. Switch ON pump 2, observe the water level until its overflow and switch OFF pump 2
5. Let the process stabilize for a few minutes
6. Complete the table at result and discussion
7. Repeat step 2-6 for
close tank-tank 1 ( ambient water )
Note : continue with current process by re-setting the valve position accordingly
to table at result and discussion. Pump 2 remain OFF
open tank-tank 2 ( ambient water )
Note : repeat step 2-6 with valve position accordingly to table at result and
discussion
open tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Note : before you start with sugar water, transfer the ambient water to the feed
tank ( tank 4 ) by opening the valve MV15-MV19 so that the process tank
( T-1 and T-2 ) ready for sugar water experiment ).
Repeat Step 2-6 for open tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Change pump 2 in the experimental procedure to pump 1 for sugar water.
close tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Note : continue with current process by re-setting the valve position accordingly
to table at result and discussion. Pump 1 remain OFF
open tank-tank 2 ( sugar water )
Note : repeat step 2-6 with valve position accordingly to table at result and
discussion
After finish the experiment, transfer all the sugar water to feed tank ( tank 3 ) by
opening the valve MV14, MV20
Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF3791
RESULT & DISCUSSION
Remarks:
A: Read from the hydrometer reading
B: Read from the Temperature Gauge (TG1,TG2) mounted at tank T1 or T2
C: Read from the Digital Density Indicator (DIA1 or DI2).
Actual Measured Density (S.G) at T1 = Reading in DIA1,% x 1.182
Actual Measured Density (S.G) at T2 = Reading in DI2,% x 1.182
D: Calculate from equation Deviation = | (C - A) |
E: Calculate from equation
ρw at operating temperature TG1 or TG2 = S.G. x 999.007 kg/m3
F: Read from the Table 2-28, Perry’s VII at temperature (TG1, TG2)
G: Calculate from equation Deviation = | (E-F) |
OPEN TANK-TANK 1 ( AMBIENT WATER ) Value Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),0C MV10-MV12 MV1-MV2
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),% MV3 MV4-MV9
Actual Density ( S.G ) MV21 MV13-MV20
D Deviation with hydrometer MV23 MV22
E Calculated Density, kg/m3 AR4-AR5 BV1
F Density From Table, kg/m3 AR1-AR3
G Deviation E from F, kg/m3
(7 Marks)
CLOSE TANK-TANK 1 ( AMBIENT WATER )
Value Valve Position
Setting pressure : 5psi
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),0C MV10-MV12 MV1-MV9
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),% MV22 MV13-21
Actual Density ( S.G ) AR4-AR5 MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer AR1 BV1
E Calculated Density, kg/m 3 AR3 AR2
F Density From Table, kg/m3
G Deviation E from F, kg/m3
Note : Manipulate AR 1 So that the pressure ( PG 1 ) indicate 5 psi
(8 Marks)
Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF3791
OPEN TANK-TANK 2 ( AMBIENT WATER ) Value Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG2 ),0C MV10-MV12 MV1
C Actual Density ( DIA2 ),% MV2 MV3-MV9
Actual Density ( S.G ) AR2-AR5 MV13-MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer BV1
E Calculated Density, kg/m3 AR1
F Density From Table, kg/m3
G Deviation E from F, kg/m3
Note : Manipulate AR 2 So that the bubble flow constantly
(7 Marks)
OPEN TANK-TANK 1 ( SUGAR WATER ) Value Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),0C MV1 MV2
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),% MV3 MV4
Actual Density ( S.G ) MV5 MV6
D Deviation with hydrometer MV7 MV8-MV23
E Calculated Density, kg/m3 AR4-AR5 AR1-AR3
F Density From Table, kg/m3 BV1
G Deviation E from F, kg/m3
(7 Marks)
CLOSE TANK-TANK 1 ( SUGAR WATER )
Value Valve Position
Setting pressure : 5psi
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),0C MV1 MV2-MV4
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),% MV5 MV6
Actual Density ( S.G ) MV7 MV8-MV21
D Deviation with hydrometer MV22 MV23
E Calculated Density, kg/m3 AR4-AR5 BV1
F Density From Table, kg/m 3 AR1 AR2
G Deviation E from F, kg/m 3 AR3
Note : Manipulate AR 1 So that the pressure ( PG 1 ) indicate 5 psi
(8 Marks)
Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF3791
OPEN TANK-TANK 2 ( SUGAR WATER ) Value Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG2 ),0C MV1-MV2 MV3-MV4
C Actual Density ( DIA2 ),% MV5 MV6
Actual Density ( S.G ) MV7 MV8-MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer BV1 AR1
E Calculated Density, kg/m3 AR2-AR5
F Density From Table, kg/m3
G Deviation E from F, kg/m3
Note : Manipulate AR 2 So that the bubble flow constantly
(7 Marks)
QUESTION
DP
1. VERIFICATION OF THE LEVEL/HYDROSTATIC PRINCIPLE,
gh
The following are the test readings taken at Procedure 19, Experiment 1A and 1B:
a) Density (S.G.), at DIA1 : __________ % x 1.182 = __________(S.G.)
100 = __________kg/m3
(2 Marks)
b) Pressure difference, DP at the density transmitter DT1 : ____________mmH2O.
Note that the pressure difference DP displayed at DT1 is the pressure difference
between the top and bottom tapping points and has NOT been processed yet (i.e. has
not been filtered yet). The display may be fluctuating due to the turbulence inside
the pipeline, thus take a nominal mean or average reading for DP.
These two readings shall be used to verify the density hydrostatic principle,
DP
as follows:
gh
The Density Transmitter DT1 has been calibrated as follows:
Pressure Difference (DP) Output Transmission Signal
-557mmH2O 4mA, equivalent to density (S.G.) 0
148.6 mmH2O 20mA, equivalent to the full-scale density (S.G.) of
1.182
DP
Since
gh
Say at maximum SG= 1.182, i.e. ρ = 1.182 x 999.007kg/m3 = 1180.826 kg/m3
Ρref at 15.6°C = 999.007 kg/m3
1180.826 kg/m3 = (148.6 +557) mmH2O
gh
gh = 0.59755
SG = _________DP ________
0.59755(999.007)
Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF3791
SG = (Measured DP + 557), mmH2O “the density equation for DT1”
596.95
(2 Marks)
2. Use the pressure difference (DP) reading question 1(b) and substitute into “density
equation for DTI”. Calculate ρ or S.G., based on this pressure difference (DP) reading.
Is the calculated S.G. equal to the S.G. reading taken at the above (a)? Is the calculated
ρ in kg/m3 equal to the density (ρ) reading taken at the above 1(a)?
(3 Marks)
3. Explain the function of globe valve and gate valve located at the bottom of tank T1?
What is the significant both of the valves compared to other type of valve?
(3 Marks)
4. The calculated density is based on pressure difference (DP) reading. In your opinion,
how far the accuracy of calculated density? Suggest the way to improve the accuracy?
(5 Marks)
5. Describe the important of density measurement compared to temperature or flowrate
measurement in term of chemical process?
(6 Marks)
