Textile Yarn and Type of Textile Yarn

A textile yarn is an assembly of substantial length and relatively small cross section of fibers

and/or filaments with or without twist”.

Spin-staple yarns consist of staple fibers assembled and bound together by various means

(usually twist) to produce the required characteristics such as strength, handle and appearance .

Yarn

Continuous filament yarns are produced either by combining the required number of filaments

together or, more commonly, by producing the required number of filaments and thickness of

filaments simultaneously in one spinning operation, as in the case of man-made fibers.

Physical properties and performance characteristics of different yarns:

Yarn type General yarn properties

Staple yarns : Excellent handle, good covering power, good

Carded cotton,Combed cotton comfort rating; reasonable strength; reasonable
Woollen,Worsted,Linen uniformity
Continuous filament yarns : Excellent uniformity; excellent strength; can be very
Natural,Non-synthetic,Synthetic fine; fair handle; poor covering power

High bulk yarns :

Staple, Good covering power with light weight; good
Continuous filament loftiness of fullness

Stretch yarns :
Continuous filament High stretch ability; good handle and covering power

Special end-use :
Tire cord,Rubber/elastic Purely functional; designed to satisfy a specific set of
Core yarn,Cabled,Coated conditions.

Novelty yarns :
Fancy yarns, Metallic, Excellent decorative features or characteristics

TYPE OF YARNS

Ring Spun Yarn:

These are produced on the ring and traveler system from a wide variety of fiber types.

Ring Spun Yarn

Rotor spun Yarn

These yarns consist of fibers bound together by twist. Rotor spun yarns are generally produced

from short staple fibers.

Rotor spun Yarn

Flat continuous filament yarn

Man- made continuous filament yarns may be produced in either monofilament or multifilament

form.

Flat continuous filament yarn

Textured continuous filament yarn

These are man-made continuous filament yarns that have been modified by subsequent

processing to introduce durable crimps , coils , loops or other distortions into the filaments.
 Textured continuous filament yarn

Twist less Yarn

These are yarns produced from staple fibers where the consolidation of the fibers is done by

means of adhesive.

Twist less Yarn

Core Yarn

Core yarns are characterized by having a central core wrapped with staple fibers. These are

produced in a single operation by simultaneously feeding a core filament and staple fibers

through the delivery rollers of a spinning frame.

Core yarns
Self Twist Yarn

Self-twist yarns are two-ply yarns Produced in a single operation. Each component is twisted in

alternating directions in short segments.The two components are subsequently put together in

such a way that they twist together (self-twist) to form final yarn.

Self-twist yarns

Friction Spun yarn

These yarns are produced on spinning systems which use two rotating rollers to collect and twist

individual fibers into a Stable yarn structure.

Friction Spun yarn

Folded or Plied Yarn

A yarn in which two or more single yarns are twisted together in a single operation, for example

two-fold, three-fold, four fold.

 Folded or Plied Yarn

Cabled yarn

A yarn in which two or more folded yarns are twisted together in one or more operations. Folded

and cabled yarns can be produced from staple yarns, continuous filament yarns or a combination

of both.

Cabled yarn

End-uses of plied yarns

2 Ply 3- Ply Cabled yarn

poplins sewing threads industrial yarns

voiles Industrial yarns electrical insulation

gabardines canvas shoe laces

crepes filter cloths cords

sewing threads conveyor belts V-belts

general purpose embroidery embroidery

FANCY YARNS :

A fancy yarn can be defined as one that differs from the normal construction of a single or

doubled yarn by deliberately introduced irregularities in its construction.

The ‘novelty’ or ‘fancy’ yarns produce different textures and effects in the fabrics. Fancy yarns

can be made from all natural fibers, all man-made fibers and their blends. They can be produced

from pre-dyed or un dyed fibers and yarns.

Fabrics containing fancy yarns are used for many textile purposes, for instance apparel such as

dress fabrics, or household textiles such as curtains and upholstery.

Novelty Yarns :
Using one or more of the following techniques, novelty yarns may be produced. combination of

different fiber types; combination of different colours of yarns; combination of different yarn

linear densities;combination of different yarn lengths.

BASIC FANCY YARN

Generally , fancy yarns contain two or more of the following : a base or core yarn , around which

the yarn intended to create the fancy effect is wrapped; the effect yarn , which forms the design ;

and the binder which holds the effect yarn in place on the base to prevent it slipping while it is

being wound, knitted or woven.

Fancy yarn

Gimp and Loop :

All these fancy yarns are produced by delivering the core and effect yarn at different rates.

Gimp and Loop

Gimp is a twisted core yarn, with the effect yarn wrapped around the core producing an irregular

wavy surface. The effect yarn has a regular semi-circular appearance, while in loop, the effect

yarn appears as well-formed circular loops.

Snarl :

This is made in the same way as a loop yarn, but using a highly twisted effect yarn which forms

snarls rather than loops.

Snarl

Spiral/Cork screw :

A plied yarn, in which one of the components wraps around the other, rather than the

components twisting regularly together under the same tension. A spiral yarn tends to have a

higher twist than a corkscrew yarn.

Spiral/Cork screw yarn

Slub :

This is composed of short, abnormally thick places at regular or irregular intervals. The slub

effect is spun into the yarn .

Slub yarn

Cloud :

A two-colour yarn, in which both yarns take it in turn to obscure or cloud the other, giving the

appearance of an intermittent colour change.

Cloud yarn
Fleck :

Small amounts of fibers of either different colours or luster or both, are introduced into the yarn.

This gives it a spotted and short streaky appearance.

Fleck yarn