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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
165 views125 pagesLalaev - Sudovye Kholodilnye Ustanovki I Sistem
Uploaded by
Orlovskyi IvanCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 125
CYDOBBIE
XONOAVNbHBIE
2
ra
A
es
ne
YCTAHOBRM
W CUCTEMBbI
KOHAMLWMAOHMPOBAHMA VINK 621.56159:629.123
Slasaen T. F. Cyxoaue xoroansonue yerawonki 1 exlerem Konamuuonupona-
wna, — M. Tpancnops, 1981, — 248 e.
Pacesorpenia paGora maui 1 oGopyAosanua Aas oXtaxKAeHA nposusHoHNENX
KaaxosiX MOpckUS TpaHicnopriWx H NaCCAHPCKUX cyzOR Moet
noMNponauiis! Bosayxa.
Tissot octonit TeopHi x paoune npouecces napoKounpeccopmars xoOAUEA-
uitx Mat, KOSCTPYkUNH KOMNpeccopos, anmaparos u senoMoraredbucro oGopy-
Oban oTetecTHeNKoro Ww SapyOexkHOrO NpousnogeTaa; —upiwerenst —ocHoBHate
exexig cHeTeN Kospoprioro KONAMUWONNpOBAHER nosAyxa; — sieirTeNKoe MecTO
Yaeaeno abrowarisaxHH NpOBifanonWlsX eYROBNX XONOAKADIMX YeTaHOSOK, cHeTeNL
osamuionmponaiin a nx orenayarauny ,
ira Mpeawagneuelia AAR CYAOBHX MexXaHuKOB, sanmmoaroMixeA sKenayaTa-
uuuteli Xosoauapnbtx yeraoRoK. Mower Our nenloassonaxa n Kavecrae y'se6Or
NocoGus Aaa HORTOTORKH sexAilIKOS B MOPCKX YueGuErE sapeneNKAX.
Hix. 105, ra6a. 23,
anorp. 8 naan.
Penexaent B. M. Commu
31806-272
_ 049(01)-8F
272-81 9605038080 © Monereaerse Xapa.
Ha pedpinxepatopuiix cynax m cytax KOMOHEHpOBaHHOrO Tana
XOMOMMABHBIE MAMIHHE HCTOALSYIOT AAR OXTAKLeHHA pec>pHaKepaTop-
HEX TPIOMOB, Ha Ta30BOsAxX — LIA OXTAKACHNA TARKOB CO CmIDKEH-
HBIM TagoM, Ha cylax pEGonpoMBcAOBOTO hzoTA — ja OXAM AEA
H saMopaxnBanHa 2OGuTOR pHOM un MpHrOTOBACHIA McKyccTBEHHOTO
apna.
XosoanabHBe MamiMHEL H yeTpoficTBa MOXHO paageanty Ha cre-
Ayloute OCHOBHbie THITLI: MapoKoMmpeccopHie, aGcopOunoHHNe, 97KeK-
Topunle x TepMosaexrpHueckie. I18 mponspoeTBa xouOLa B KOM-
Npeccopbix XOmOaHNHBIX MaulNHax 3aTpaitRaor Mexaimmueckyio
Suepritio, B a6copOUliOnNLIX x 9XeKTOPHEX — TemToByIO; Tepmos.eK-
TpHYEcKHe OXaKAaOUINe YerpolicrBa paGoTaior 3a cuér menocpen-
cTaeHHoro MoTpeGaeHua ssteKTpHYeCKOMl SHeprHH.
B aGcopOunoHHux* xouloaiitbHbxX MauiNaX a KavectBe paGounx
Tea mpuMersmor GunapHNe (XBYXKOMMOHeHTHBe) cMecH: BOAOAMMAt
nui pactaop NH;+-H20 aan pactsop 6pomuctoro autia HeO+LiBr
(nocaenini ncnombayetca gan novyyeHHs MatOcoBMIx TeMnepatyp)
Yerayoska cocrout #3 HeckomKHX annaparos, Eanncrseaubm Mexa-
HIIQMOM sBAKeTeA HacOC, MepeKatMBaroUUNl pactsop, Xonowtabmtait
arent (B MepBoM cayyae aMMHAax, BO BTOpoM — Boga) BbIMapHBaeTcA
H3 cMecH, KouAeHcHpyeTes, a 3aTeM KUTHT MPH cooTBeTCTByIOMIEM
Aapaeni, ocyutectaaas OTGop Teta oT Oxa%KraeMoli cpesst. Vera
hovKa NosBoaReT YTHANSHPOBATS OTXORH Tema cyROBO; SHepreTHNe-
Koi yerattonKH.
B naposxextopHux MaumHax paGownM Tetom spanetca Boza,
HOsTOMY HX MpUMeHSIOT AIK NoAyYeHu nawwocoBLx TeMMepatyp (0%
JarkieHNe BoItyXa B cHeTeMax JleTHeTO KoN-AMLONNpOBAHNA BOsTy
Xa). Bona apocceaupyetes 6 peryanpyiomem ReHTie H nocrynaer
B annapat, rae Gaarolapa orcactBaioulemy xeficrBi0 napocrpyinssx
* AGcop6uneA uastinactea npouece norsouenin napoR xxtaKocTHO. S9KCKTOPOB MOALepxUBaeTcA rayGoKHM BaKyyM, KOTOpoMy cooTBeTCT-
byeT HilsKan TeMmepatypa ee Kiem. B mpowecce xpoccermposanua
ACT) BOA BCKMMAeT 3a CNET BHYTPeHHeH! SHepram, B PesyabTaTe ye-
Fo Temmepatypa BoaM, ocrasllelics B xKHAKOM case, cHKaeTcn. Sta
Bowa HCMOMDayeTCH IA OXAAK TENA.
Tepmoanextpuyeckoe oxaaxxneHHe OcHOBaHO Ha sddexre Tlenre,
SaKMOYAIOWENCA B TOM, YTO B Mpouecce MpoxoxAeHA NOcTOAHHOTO
SmeKTPUNCCKOTO TOKA OMIpexeTeNHOTO HanpaB.leHA no WeTM, cOcTaB-
HeHHO! NS PASHOPOAHLIX TPOBOAMHKOD MAH MOAYNPOBORNAKOB, B
MecTax KowTaKTos (cilamx) NosBssOTcA pasHwe TeMmepatypH. Ea
TeMMepatypa XoOAHOTO chat OKAKeTCA HinKe TeMMepaTypH OKpY-
xawomelt cpestst, TO ON MOXeT GLITH HcHOmBaORAH KAK OXAARNTeND.
Tepmosaextpuueckne oxaaxnaromue yerpoficraa (TOY) yxe ceftuac
AXOAAT NPHMEHEHHE B MOMIMIHE, PALHOTeXHMKe M MHOTHX Apyrux
oGnacrax. C passitiiem noaynposoaHMKoBO: TexXHMKH, ¢ NomBNeNHeM
SkOHOMITHEIX H KOMMAKTHEX TOY MoxHO OXHaTh HeMOMsoRANEA
HX B CYAOBLIX ABTOHOMNBIX KOHAMNMOHEPAX HT. T.
HanGommee pacnpoctpanenne B XOTOAMALHOM TeXHMKe MOnyWAH
NapoKounpeccoprie XononnabHEe MamuHt. Ha tpaxcnopraux (He-
cneuuasusupoBannux) 4 MaccaxMpCKHX cyAax MpHMeHmOT xXoMOAHAb-
Uble MaMIMHM ¢ TOpinueBuMN KOMMpeccopaMH, pa6oTaoMMMA Ha
Xaagoue-12 m xnagoHe-22, ¢ BHICOKOR creneHbio abToMaTHsaMuIN npo-
ueccos peryaupopantus, ynpansienia w salinTEt.
TJIABA I
TEPMOQMHAMHYECKHE OCHOBbI MAPOKOMMPECCOPHBIX
XOJOMMbHBIX MAUMH
1, TAPOKOMMPECCOPHAS| XOJIOAMJIbHAA MAIUMHA
C PEFYIHPYIOWHM BEHTHIEM
Tpmmuuin pa6orst mamunw. Ha puc. 1,a aaka npHauunuarnnan
exema XomoaabHolt Mauimist ¢ peryJMpyiouuim BeHTHsem. Kosnpec-
cop KM orcacuipaer ua ucnaputeaa H nap xoaoguasuoro arenra,
TMeIOWUIi HHSKOe AaRACHHe Pp COOTBETCTBEHHO HUSKY TeMmepaTy-
Dy To, H CKuMaeT ero 10 AABAEHHA Px MPH KOTOPOM TeMmepatypa
Kouencauuu arenta 7, cranleT Bbiule TeMnepatypy oxaaxKnaomel
sonst. Jaaee ropa nap arenta Hampasaserca B Koutencatop KZ,
THe ap NOAKOCTHIO KoNAeHCUPYeTes, OTAABAA TeNAO 3aGopTHO! BOLE,
NpoKawnBaemofi wepea Konaencatop. M3 KoNAeHcaTopa xMAKOCTH TOC
tynaer 8 perysupyioumi weuraxs PB. Teper um —xonoauabiesth
areiT uMceT TeMMepaTypy Gosiee BEICOKYI, YeM BORA, OXIAKAAIOMA
xouxencatop. Has oGécrievexus HusKOl TeMnepatypu B pebpivepa-
‘Topliom MOMeULeHH areHT 2OUKCH KUNeTS B ueMapuTene pH TeMite-
parype Goxee WHaKOH, YeM TeMMepaTypa, HeOGXOAHMaR Ata 9TOrO
novewenis, B peryaupyiouem newrisie nponcxoauT xpoccennponanue
2KILIKOTO XOAOANABHOTO areHTA OT AABMCHUS KOHACHCALIN Py 1O 1aB-
OHHH KUNeHIA Po, CONPORO*KAGOMMeecR WacTHEHBIM —BCKIMANTIeM
arena H nommxcHnex ero Teiepatypst. Bexunane 2kYAKoCTH Bpo-
HcxoLuT NoToMy, 470 3a PB npu Goxee nuskow Rasen >HAKOCTS
He MOxeT COepiKATb TOO KOAHYECTBA TeMLA, KOTOPE OHA COLepKa-
sta 20 PB.
Hs6utouoe Teno 2KHAKOCTH BabIBAeT YacTHNHOe BCKHNA-
Hie areHira; HAKOCTS OTAaeT WacTe Tena Ha mapooOpasonaxne, i
mpi SToM Tesriepatypa ee cumaaerca (Npouecc BCKHNaHHA arcHTa’ B
PB noscuser npnmep, npaserexnisit KoHue naparpada)
Tlocae PB 3 nenapureas H nofiaer xonoaHan Mech xKHAKOCTH
H apa, Toullee, XorOANA map c GombWHM Baaroconepxannem. Tap,
o6pasyiomniien np apoccenuposanu xomozusbHorO areata p PB,
cocranaser of 5 10 30% cmect mo mace u oT 90 20 99% no oGremy.
Ecait npaists aasaenne « remneparypy arenra 20 PB nocroaussiait,
To Hem HIKE AaBseHne 3a PB, TeM MeHbillaa YacTb areHTa nocTynaeT
B chapHTeAb B KHLKOM COCTORHNH Tem HOKE ero TeMMepaTypa
B ucnapntene H, ycraopienHom B oxaaikaaemMom moMeltenHH,
arent, octapumiiiicn B xXHAKOM dase, KUMUT MpH HusKON Temmepatype,
orGupas Teno, ReOGXOANMOe AAR NapooGpasosanis, oT OxaaxAae-
Moi cpeast, Ha vemaputena map xomOAnubHOTO areHTa BeacuBaeTcR
KoMMpeccopom, H NIK HoBTopRETeA,
Teopermueckni unk MawnHe 8 AMarpamme s—T. Ha puc. 1, 6
noxasaxo: [—2 azwaGatuieckoe ckaTHe B KOMMpeccope; 2—3 KOH
5 ‘O6naem
Meonauun ‘nepeepemoeo
7
is %o
a oa .
Puc. 1. Mapoxownpeccopnias xonoanaeiaa Mauna © peryzupyioune vesrusess
om cxeia; 6 — wins» anarpamte ¢—T
Rexcauna arenta; 3—4 — npouecc apocceauposanua, KoTopoe nportc-
XOANT NPM nacroRHHOM Tensiocoxepxanun (i= const); 4—1 npouece
Kumenus areitra.
Kosmiecrso tetla, noazexentioe OaHOMY KimorpaMMy arenta
B nenapurene go, KJLx/Kr, HasbiBaerea yzenbiiOl macconoit xo70x0-
NPOMSBOAHTeMBHOCTEO M BApaKaeter B RuarpauMe s—T naowanKo
a, 1, 4, 6, a. Bueunax satpasennaa padora I noKasana naomayi0
1,2,8,5, 1.
Oeexrusnocrs xorzoanaHol Maumnbt ¢ TOUKH speHHA sarpaTBt
sHepritt Ha NpoHsBOACTBO XoNOLA OUeMMBAETCA xOAOANABIIM KOXp-
buuuentom. Xosoatapusim KospPHuNeHToOM HasbiBaeTer oTHoMeHne
KOANNECTSA Tella, OTHATOTO OT OXMAIKRAeMO; cpeas, K saTpayennoit
Bueluteh paGore mpi 2aniow wnxae:
a oat
T2887
2. «CYXOM» HM «BIAKHbIM> XOX KOMMPECCOPA,
PETEHEPATHBHBIA KHKJ
Tipu paGore XonoanabHoh Mauss B KOMMpeccop Moxker nocTy-
flat Map xosoAHaLHorO arenTa pasamuHoro cocrosmun (piic. 2):
Raaxubit wactimenmlt (Towa 1”), cyxolh aceite (rouKka
1’) w meperperwiit (rouxa 1). Een 5 uuannap Kommpeccopa ncacei-
Baerca Baaxni HacbiMenush nap, Kommpeccop pabotaer eaaaxK-
HBIM® xonoM (KATHE NO aut 1’”—2"). TIpa BeacbIBaHIN cyxoro Ha-
cbimeHHOro HM MeperpeToro napa Kosmpeccop paGoraet «cyxuM> XO-
Hom (cxaTHe cootseretaentio no amnnsst L’—2' u 12)
B conpemenunix XonoAMIbHEIX MalllHHAX NpHMeHSETCA TOABKO «cy
xofl> xo Komnpeccopa
Paccmorpim cyxof unxs 1/—2’—3—4—/’, Kommpeccop neacuisa-
eT cyxoh Hacbimeniui nap (To¥Ka 1’) H CKHMaeT ero B OBaacTH Te
Perperoro napa 20 nepecetenua aguaGatH cxatun I’—2 ¢ m306apoh
6
xonaencaun. B coctositit, xapaK-
repusyenom ToWKoH 2’, meperpe-
pili Map c RaBseHHeM Px Nocty
Taet 8 KoHMeHcaTop, B KoTopoN
cuavada oxaxkaaeren (cate me-
perpesa va annum 2—2"), a sarem
Konencupyetes mpm nocroamitstx
auauennax Ty 1 py (atta 2”—3)
Ocraspibie mpoueccs mixta yxe
uapectuti: 3—4 — Apocees
ponanne » PB u 4—I" — xunenue
arenta. C moppilesuem cyxocrit
Beacblgaemoro Mapa Ao x=1 Xo
AOROMPOUSBOAHTEABHOCTE Jo BO3- Pye, 2 Xoaoanapitall uuKX mpm pa
pactaer ita seauuty Ago. Tpoue- Gore xoxrpeccopa ccyxine> u «naar
XOANT 970 NOTOMY, TO AUIKHTIaHNe stHN> Xorox
na yyactxe [”—/' yactun 20aKo-
CTH, COsepyKAMLNXcA BO BAAKHOM Mape, conpoBorxraeTcA oTGopom
of OxaaKAaeMOl CpeaME AOMOAMIITETBHOTO KosHYECTBA Tervta
Barpauisaeman 8 une paGora yseaiunpaeten na neanuuny AL,
uTO OGbACHAeTCH YBeATHYeHHEM YLerbHOrO OGDEMa — BCACHIBaeMoro.
Kommpeccopon napa. S10 npupattesue paGorst Af wa anarpamme s—T
coorsercrayer maomaan 1’, 2, 2”, 1”, 1’. Tipu stom paGora wnxaa
nospactaeT B Goabuell Mepe, YeM XoOXONpoNsBOANTeABHOCTb. Xowto-
auiababti Kosten?
Oyner Menbmme, vem NPH BaaxKHOM UNKAe.
B unxre f—-2—3—4—I ananelt 1/1 uso6paxen npouece nepe-
rpena mapa B ucnapirese. XodozonpousBoAuTeNbHOCTS B STOM MINKE
onpe.leusietea Kax pasHoct sHTaabnui
I= (i — is) +4 — Hh ty
rae i;—i, —Tenao, oTo6panNoe oT OXaax*KAaemol cpeab B Mpo-
necce Kunenus areata, KIDK/Kr (KKaa/«r);
ij — —Tenao, oToSpanHoe of oxtaxKAaemo# cpetbI B Mpo-
uecce’ neperpena areira 8 wcnapurene, —KJLK/xr
(Kan/xr).
Sarpawnsaemas B nuKse paGora 0 cpaprenuto ¢ nuxaom 1’—2'—
3—4—/' coorsererpenio ysesuunpactes. Yeeautentie xos0AonpoH
BosuTeabHOCTH, OMpeTerReMoe TenAOTOH Neperpeba Napa B ucmapHTe-
ale, HesHaquTerbHO MO cpasHermo c ywemuveHtiem SaTpayuBaeMoll pa-
GorE, ABARIOUMMCA CAeMCTBHEN yBeTHMEHHA yleNbHOTO OGENA BCA
ebinaemoro mapa.
Takum oGpasom, ¢ TeopeTHteckoh ToUKH spemR —nepexoa OT
Xoxa KOMMpeccopa ltpedcrapanetca HeBb-
7 o
seb 0pm
nan Goda | Kay
70
fg
Puc, 3. Tlapoxounpeccopuas saumua ¢ peresteparuMix TexLq006weNNMKOW
a= exena; 6 — wuxa B amarante $=
rogubim. OnHaKo B yoaoBHaX elicraHTembHBIX mpoueccos XO,
Kommpeccopa oKasbibaeTen paktiecki Goaee puironnum. «Cyxofl>
XOX BHTOAHEe MpexKAe BCero NOTOMY, WTO oBecmretHBACT
TOAHOe BHIKHTAHHe JKNIKOCTH B HenapHTene, a chexoBaTeMbHO, yBe-
siusuBaeT yZenbHYIO XosOROMpoNsBoAHTeAbHOCTS. Kpome Toro, mpit
PaGore «cyxuM> XOROM Gomee GaaronpuaTHHINH cTaHOBATeR ycuoBHA
PaGoru KoMnpeccopa, yzyuuiaiotea ero paGoune xapaxTepuctiKt, OF
KOTOPHX 3aBHCAT MPOHSBOAHTeENDHOCTS KOMMpeccopa u NOTPEGaKeMaR
Mouutocrh (cu. ra. TV). S10, B KOHeYHOM cHeTe, MpHBOAUT K yaemH-
ueHiio gefictanTeAbHOrO XoxOAMAHOTO KODppiNuNeHT2. Orn 1a
TAABHLIX AOCTOUHETE «cyXOFO> XOLa KOMMpeccopa sB.AKeTeH UCKMOUE-
Hue BOsMOXHOCTH aBapli OT THApaBAUYecKHX YaapoB, KOTOpDIe MO-
TYT BOSHHKNYTH BeAeICTENE MOMALAHNA B UNLAHILL KO‘Mpeccopa 2ItA-
Koro areuta. «Cyxofl> xox KoMnpeccopa oGecheumBaeTea mo.LtepxKa-
HueM HeGousOTO Neperpesa scacbisaemoro napa abTomaTiMecKHM
peryzmpyiouum sextutem (TPB), a takKe pereweparupinm Ten10-
o6meninkom
Pereneparuanmit una. [lo smeesixy tenaoo6meniuxa PTO
(pwc. 3,4) abwxercH xxnAKHA areHT H3 KonAeHcatopa KIL x perya-
pyloulemy sentisio PB. 3uecsux oxtarxklaeren XOMOAMADILIN. apoM
arena, BackiBaembIM KoMMpeccopom KM u3 ucnapurena H. B pe-
syabTate Taxoro TenAOOOMeHa %KHAKOCTS nepeoxnarkaaeTcA (T. e. OX-
JaKAAeTCA HIDKE TeMMepATY pH KOHACHCANIH MpH TOM xe AaB.teuul),
a Map, BcackiBaembii KoMMpeccopoM, meperpeBaerest
Pereviepatipibih uuka XononuabHON MaulMHB MpelcranneH Ha
puc. 3, 6, rae 4—1’ — xunenue arenta; I’—f — neperpes napa__B
nenapttene: 1—1” — neperpes napa 8 perenepatiisiom tem1006
Meunnxe PTO; 1”—2" — cxaTie » Komupeccope; 2”—2’ — cuamiie
neperpesa B KoHAencatope; Y—3 — Konsencaunsa napa; 3—3" —
Hepeoxsaxkaenne B KoHAeNCaTOpe (He saBucuT oT Hasna PTO ¥
o6LI4HO He MpeBbuaet 1—3°C); 3’—3” — nepeoxaaxnenue B PTO;
3’—4 — npocceauponanue B PB.
8
Buyrpenuit Tens006Men B TaKoM WHKne MONMKaeT TeMnepatypy
mepea peryanpyiomuM Bertie (ro4Ka 3” BéccTo TouKH 3’), a cue
woBatembo, YMeHbulaeT Gecnionesiioe napoobpasoBanne B peryaupy-
folles BeHTHAIe —-H YRENIUNBAeT XOMOAOTPONSBOAHTEMBROCT Ha Agoy
Ho B To 2Ke BCMA NPHBOANT x aHauHTeABNOMY Neperpesy napa B KOH-
ue cxaTHa (TOWKa 2” BMecTO TO¥KH 2), ¥TO yBexMuHBaeT paboTy B
uuKae Ha Al.
Tlockoasxy Yepes Bce saeMcHTH XONOAHABHOM MAIN B enHHiLy
BpeMeni NpOXOANT OAHO H TO 2Ke KOsMMECTAO XaaMareHTa, B Wealth
HOM cay¥ae KOMMMECTBO Tena, OTAAHHOe MHAKHM AFeHTOM, 1OKHO
6uITL paBHO KOJHYeCTAY Tensa, BocIpuHATOMy napom. TlosToMy MoxK-
wo sanucaTb
p—b=4—-4=h—-hy
G=h—-=h—t.
PerevepaTHDublit WHK OkasHIBaeTcH HanGomee uenecoospasient mpm
ae
Got"
B cayyaax, Kora Bcactisaiouli TpyGonposol, npomOxKeHHE B
‘TeMNBIX NOMeMeHHAX, MOXO UZOMHPOBAH H uMeeT GombIIyIO LINHY,
map areita Ha myTH K KOMMpeccopy Meperpesaercs. Taxol Gecnone3-
HBlii MeperpeB OTpHUaTetbHO cKasbIBaeTCA Ha paGoTe xomOAHALHOM
MAalUHHBI, TAK KaK BCNEACTBHE NOBMWeEHHA yAeIbHOTO OGbeMa BCacHI-
paemoro napa / pospactaer, a qo ocTaeTca Toil xe,
paGore Ha xsagoue-12, TaK KaK B 9TOM cayuae
3, XOMOJMABHBIE ATEHTHI
K xosoauabuum arentam npexpsBaaiotes MHorouuenenHBie Tpe-
ovata, OTHOCHUMCeR K HX TepMOAHHAMHMECKHM, —HsHKO-XMMTe-
CkHM, (bsHONOTMMeCKIM H 5kcnayaTaHOHHEMM cpolicraam. K ocHonnus
TepMOANHAMHYECKHM CBOACTSAM —XOMOAHALHEIX areHTOR OTHOCATCA:
yAesibHaa XOTOAONPOUSBOATENBHOCTE, TeMMepatypa KuNeHHA MDH aT-
MochepHOM RaBAeHHH, YAemLHLIT OODEM, AaBreHHA B KoMeNCaTOpe HL
wenapurene, KosdpnunenT TenszooTnaN Ht Xp
Vaeasuoi] o6bemnO XosORONpoMsBoAnTerDHO-
erbi0 gz, KkK/M® (KKaa/M?), MasbiBaeTcA KosNYecTBO Tena, OTHA-
Toe OT OxaKAaeMo! cpeau, MpHXomuteeca Ha | M? Hapa XoTO;MID-
Horo arena, BeactisaeMoro KOMMpeccopoM:
fo
4
Ge
Te go—yxeabian Maccosax xoaoxonponsnoantensiocts, K)Lx/xr
(wxaa/xr)
ui —yaenbuti odvem napa, Beactisaemoro KoMnpeccopom, °/Kr.
Yaeapiian maccosaa XoAOAONpoUss0anTeAHOCT areHTa go Haxo-
AUTCA B pao savNCHNOCTH OT TenaOTH NapooGpasoBanuA r. Beau-
AMHEL gy H qo SaBHeAT OT yeaoBHA paGorH MamuN [TeMmepaty pb Kit-
9 |
Nenus areita B Henaputese, Temnepatyps KoNAeHcauuM, Temmepary-
Por nepex perysmpyromtun Bewtuxes (PB) 1 xp.]
Pasmepst H Macca Tenz0oGmeuntix annapatos xonoauabuoh ma
unm saBnest or KosppiuleHTOB TenaooTAaYH Hm anatemi paGounx
Ranaenuil 8 KoHAeHcaTOpe H HenapuTese, Vem puule auauettn Ko3d-
uunentos TenaoorzayH H YeM HiDKe paGowne AaBxeHIs, TeM MeHbUe
PasMephl H Macca TenTOOOMeHHEX arnapatos, a caleLOBATeABHO,
Macca Beeit ycranonku. Ovews xKenaTembno B scnapuTene H a alt
Hum BeacBaHNA KOMMpeccopa HMeTb AaBaeHHe we MILKe aTMocep-
Horo; B NpOTHBHOM cayuae BOIMOAeH MOACOC B cUICTEMY BOBAYXa, TO
orpularetbHo Nosauser Ha paGoTy XosoguaAbHOM yeranonKH. Has m0-
AYyeHA npHeMteMEX ZanAeHM B HeMapHTeTe MpHMeHsOT XOAOAHAD~
Hie arenril, NMeIOMIHe HHSKYIO TeMMepaTypy KiMleHKA MpH aTMocbep-
HOM jaBaeinti,
Onnua u3 ocHOBHEX husHKO-xHMUYecKHIX cBoieTB areHTOB sBAs-
eten UX cHocoGHocTS BsauMORelicTBOBATH CO CMASOTKEIM MacmaMmt
x pogofl. Xopouas pactaopunocts B Macne cosqaeT GaaronpuaTHbie
yenoniia 2am cMasMBaHHA KONMpeccopa, HO BMecTe ¢ TeM cojelicrAy-
er yHocy wacaa 3 Kownpeccopa B cHeTeMy. Cnoco6iocrb pacropsTb
BAALY ABARETCR MOTOKUTEABABIM CBOHICTBOM areHTOB, TAK KAK CKIIO~
YaeTen BosMOxHOcT OOpasoBaHA B ciicTeMe steaMHBX Mpo6OK.
Xonoruaphble areitTA LOM GxITD BapuBOCesomacHEMH, Hero
PIOMEMH, HeTOKCHUHBING 1 HMETS HeBBICOKYIO CTONMOCTS.
Ha pasawunbix atanax paapiiTia xomOAMAbHOM TexHNKH B KaNe-
CTBe XOMOANANBX afeHTON MeHoaBIOBAANCS caemyrOULIIe BelLecTBa:
cepnuctiti aurnaput SOz, xtopucrbit meria CHCl, — yriekucnora
CO», anata NH 1 ap.
3a nlocteanue veTbipe aecatitxerHa upoxoe pacnpocrpanenne B
KatlecTse XOAONUIBUAX areHtOR MoAyuiAN Hpeons', KoTOpsIe mpea-
cranisoT coGol raloHAHBe CoemuHeHHA, MpoUsBOMHEe OT YraeBoLO-
pozos. Koausectso peowos ovens BemNKo, ostomy xX MapKupyloT
‘uneaaxit To ocoGoli citcrente.
B uactosiice Bema Ha cyaax MopeKoro baora B KayectDe xnat-
arenTOR NpuMensioT ToabKo (peou-12 u dpeow-22. B xoaoanaynnx
MaumHax Ka YacTH pbiGONPONBICTOBNX cyoa NpHMeumOT aNttaK,
OnHaKO cya cOBpeMeHHO! TOCTpOlKN cHAG%KaIOT B OcHOBIOM peo:
Mopeinm Maniax.
B uactonitee Bpema m casa ¢ auexpenuen 8 CCCP mexk.aynapoa-
uoro crauzapra (MC) HCO 817 gonyckaetea HecKombKo OGosHawe-
uit xaatarenton: yestosHoe (cHMBOmieCKOe), TOproBLIM Hasnaniem
(xapxoil), xumuyeckinn naasannes, xuamueckoh dopmynoli. Tpit
STOM TpeAMOUTHITEABHDIM aBJAKeTCH yeaoBHOe OBoatiatelHe, KoTopoe
coctout us cumsona Ru onpexeasiomero wucaa. Coraaco [OCT
19212—73 (usmeneane 1) aan gpeoua-12 ycraosneno asnanue
«Xaazon-12> u oGosHavenne R12, TOCT 8502-73 (usmeuenme 1)
ain peoua-22 — CAaGHIM aanaxoM, KOTOPEIA MoxHO Mo¥yBCT-
ROBaTb MPH comeprKallIH ero B BOsayxe Gone 20% (caabwift cnaaKo-
pats sanax Supa). Tap R12 taxkeree Bosayxa, -KNAKH Xnaxon-
rakenee Bout (r26.1. 1).
Teamepatypa kunesua R12 npu armocheptom aavsennn —29.8°C,
a ato silauiT, YO MOXHO NOAYYUT TeMMepaTypy —OXaxKAAeMorO
oGwexra nopsaka —19°C pu coxpaxeunu B Hcnapurere (u Ha aH
HHH BCacKIBaHHia KoMmpeccopa) waOHTOWOrO jaBieHuA. Yaenuuan
OGpemian XouOXOMPOHSBOAUTENBHOCTh gy R12 pH CraHAapTHOM pe-
ranie 1280 xJIos/m° (305.6 xKan/a°)
Xaaion we soBuT, ero Naps He geficTayioT Ha BKyc M uBeT nuMe-
BUX MPOxyKTOD, OMNAKO CORepraHHe B BOSRyXe R12 Goaee 30% (no
OGteMy) MpHBOAUT K YAYUNDIO H3-3a HEROCTATKA KuCsOpORa
Xaagou-12 He ropiow, B cMecH ¢ BOSAYXOM He BocTMaMenseTcR H
ve BapHBAeTCH, HO B OTKPHTOM nlaMeHH pu Textepatype Bue
330°C Hawnnaer pacnagatees ¢ oGpasoBanviem xnopnecroro W_(To-
Puicroro Boopona H HEOOABUIOTO KONHYECTBA AAOBUTOTO Tasa Cpocre-
Ha, noaBaelie KOTOPOTO OOHApy*uBaeTeA KUCATLIM 3attaxom, TlosToMy
Bcayaae anapHit peoHonoh Mamnust He cHenyet pabotarb B6.uSH
€ OTkpBITHIM naameHem.
Pacemorpum oraeabituie oxcnayatannonuste cpofictba x1anowa-12.
Kak u xaajous ocraapibix Mapox, R12 o6aanaer nonmuennoit
cnocoSuocrbio MpoHHKaTb vepes Masteliliie HeniOTHOCTH H axe Ye
pes nlopit o6u%Horo uyrya, TIpoHMKHoHeHio —vepes HenAOTHOCTH
cocoGerayer pactBopmdman cnocoSiocTs xiatoua. Ecat mpH stom
eule ysuTEIBATL, UTO OH He HMCeT MBeTA H aamaXa, CTAHOBUTCR ACHO,
HackONbKO co%kH Goporbes c ero yreuKoil. Bee 9To onpesteaxer Te
ee
Tesmeparypa, °C:
rene np asew 1-108Tla (760m pr. cr.) | —29,8 10,8
‘MHIKOTO 1,293 1,176
0,081 A
259,28 (38,57)} 215,79 (51,99)
Vzemnan tensota. napootipaaosanna pst to
TI5C, wlll (hian'et) :
YVaemuan ooxewian xoroxonpotavoxrensnocts | 1280 (305,6) | 2200 (495)
spit fg 1B. ty = 30°C, el (403/88)
Pacteopinocrs soaul'p xzaao1e (accosoe co-
epxcane, 4) apy TewTteparype
17a
0,0008 0,0310
30°C 0,012 O15, BLICOKHE TpeGoBaHHA, KOTOpHe MpexBaBaRiOTeR K MoHTaxKy tpySonpo-
Boos, MeXaHHSMOB H annapatoB (ppeoHOBLIX ycraHOBOK.
Crocosnocts R12 pactsopars soity unsToxna. Bara, coxpauaa
cBon dusuieckHe cBoficrsa, np MunycoBuix TeMmepatypax aamepsaer
H 3aKYMopuBaeT YSKHe NPOXOAB, Hamle BCero B ApocceabHEX yerpotl-
erBax, YTO B CBOIO O¥epeb BENET K HapyilieHIIO HOpManbHO paGoTH
yctanosKu. S10 cxoficrao xaagona awiserea ero GombiutHM HeROcTaT-
KOM, Tak Kak MpuBoANT K HEOOXOANMOCTH MpHHUMATS caorkiBIe cMe-
uasbibe Mepst TO MoAHOMY BHCyUINBAHMIO BHYTPeHHUX noxocrelh
yeTaHoBku, mpelynpexaenmio NonaqanHa w yaaseHua MpoHHKUel B
cuctemy saarn. XsayoH Xopouio pactsopsetca B Mace, oMIKaR
ero BasKocts. Yacth Maca NocTosHHO yHocHTeH HB KOMMpeccopa B
cucremy H 970 TpeGyel cHlewiaBHEIX KOHCTPYKTUBHBIX mep, oGecre-
‘UHBaIOINAX BOSBPAT Macaa B KapTep KoMMpeccopa.
OSesnoxennbe XnazoHet HeliTpambHB KO BCeM MeTaMTaM, 3a HCK-
aiouetem cianon, conepxamux Gonee 2% Mg. OxuaKo B mpicyrer-
BUM BuarH XaagoH OOpasyeT KUCAOTH, AelicTAYIOMIMe Ha GombuIKHCT-
Bo Metannon XaagoM passegawt oOsuHyI peamHy, nosTOMy Aa
HSTOTOUACHIA YMIOTHAIOMLNX MpOKAATOK MpUMeHAIOT TOMBKO cHeNH-
aubuBle copra PesiiHl H Apyrue ¢peoKiomacstocTofiKHe MaTepHanti.
BOKWAKOM BHA XHaL0H cHocoGeH CMbIBaTe C BHYTpeHHel nOnepX-
Hocth Tpy6 H annapatos oKasHHy, pxaBHNy H MecoK, Sto orpuita-
TeAbHOe CHOHICTBO TpeGYeT AOMAHOTO BHUMAHHA K NO;FOTOBKe CHeTe-
Mit, a B Mlocmeayioulem & paGore (renaoxox
nea Goptossix warnerarenbiux Kanata 1, pacnonoxenmux 10
Bell naomaan Goptos Had TeHiReKa. Orciona nosayx moctynaer 2
Bosilyxopacnpexeantenbubh Kanan 2, pacnonoxennul MexRy many
Gof # rpysopsin pemerkamu. Boprossie nosayxosomu cnaGxenh Te
Peroponkann, OGecnesHBaloMAMH PaRHOMepHyIo MORaYy BOIyXa KO
Beem yaacrkam naayGHoro Boalyxopacnpeseaurenbioro Kanama, B
PacnpeneantenpHom Kakane 2 Bo3ayx ABHTaeTeR OT OGOHX GopToR K
LeHTpYy Tplosta, mpiiew mo BeMy NTH MporexoaNT enpepsinHoe NO-
crymiemme Bosayxa B Tpiom yepes oTRepeTHA HAN cmeNMa.tbHble Ile
als) naay6e. M3 rpioma warperuii Bosmyx Beacusaetes BeHTHAATO-
Topusovramuan Bosnymuan cuctema werombaye
besrunsuit oRuoro noweutetun. Bosays sewtnasopont Yepessoseye
XOoKagHTeN NonaereH B SopTosBoH HarveTarenbuLih Kana, OTEyAA
wepes oTmepcrus noctynaer a tpiom, Beacuisanie xarperoro nostyxa
BeHtTuaATOpoM ocymecTBAKNeTcH Hepes oTBepcTHA B OOKOBOH cTenKe
Kauaaa apyroro Gopta. Taxite cHcTeMbI ta cospemenutix pedpuaxepa~
eed He T[pHMeHAIOT.
accMOTPUM MpeHMyUlectRa W HegocTaTKH KaX, -
pemnux enerest oxnaninein, Ocxosutin npeuyutecreom ‘cncrest
16
i
enocpercTBeHtiore OxAaIKNLeHNA sBAReTeR ee MpoctoTa, a TaKwKe
BOIMONHOCTS TOANepAHBATh salaHHEM TeMMepatypuDll PexHM MpH
Gouce BuCOKO! TeMMepaType KHNCHHA, TAK Kak B 9TOM cayyae fas
rentonepenat HeoGxORUM Mepenag TeMnepatyp — (Tenmeparypubsit
Hanop) TOKO Mex BOSAYXOM B OXNaxKAaeMOM NOMeMteHH H KH
NUVI XOAORWALULIM areHTOM. CiicTeMa Gomee fosroBeWa, Tem
ApytHe. OMMHM 13 HeLOCTaTKOB 9TOM cucTeMbl ABIAeTCA HeOOKOAH-
MOCTS pasMemleHa XonosMaHOrO arperata B HenocpencTBeNHo! OaK-
a0cTH OT OXJaxKaeMoro OOBeKTa, Tak KAK MPH Gombuol AAHNe TPy-
Gonposonos yBenWunpaeTca OMacHOCTS yTedKH xsanareiTa yepes
HeIIOTHOCTH B COCARHEHHAX TPyGOMPOBONOB, MORBARIOMNxCH B pe
aysbrate nocTosHHOh BHOpAnMH H KAuKA.
Tipasunamn Percrpa CCCP sanpemteno mpumenenne ammuay-
HX CHCTeM HenocpeXCTBCHHOTO OXABKAEHHA LIA pecppwKepaTopHEE
piomos. Tip npoextuponannm pedpwxeparopubix H KpynHBx mac-
caXKUPCKUX CyAOB XOMOANABUBLE ATperaTH H MauINHB! CTPeMsTeA coc-
PeAOTONHT B oMHOM pehpuAxepaTopHOM noMemenHH BOMIH MaIHH-
Horo OTMereHus, BuNs0CTh K KIMTCTOHAM AaeT BOSMOXxHOCTh YKOPO-
‘THT TpyGu OXMaxeHN KOWeHCATOPA H_HpexyCMOTPeTs pesepBHOE
oxsarlenle OT HaCOCOB MalIMHNOTO OTAeNeHHA, a yeTawoBKa jelicT~
BYIOULUX MeXaHHSMOB Hannapaton B OHOM MomeueHHM — o6sersHTS
waGaonenue 3a HUM. B TO 2Ke BpeMA OxaxKkAaenbie OGvEKTH —
DedpHxepatopHie Tpit HM MHOTOWNCAeHHEIe Tpynnosule KOH-
ummoneper (410 XapakrepHo JIA KPyNWBIx MaccaKupCKHX cynoB),
OGeayxuBaempe oGuLe XoTOAHABHON MauNMHOR, pactonaraioT — B
pasHlix vactax cyasta. B sTOM Bapuanre sik TpaHcnOpTHpoBaHHA x0-
Oa TpuMeNsOT CHCTEMY OXAAX Tell C NPOMEXYTOUHEIM XOHOXO-
wocirenem (Boxof, paccostom)
K mipenymectsam paccombuoh cucremsi oTHocarea eute w y06-
erBo peryamponanua nonasn paccoma HK BOM B OXAAKAaOULe AN
Hapatsy, a cuexoBaTesbHo, H peryaHpoBaltiin XOXOLONPOMsROAHTENTb-
HoctH; Gomilan akKyMysauMONaR cnocoSHOCTS cicTeMB, mo3BOAA-
jomlad, He npexpaulan OxaaxKAeHHA TloMemenNh Ha AANTeABHOe Bpe-
Ma, OCTaHaBNNBATE KOMMpeccope MPH PaGorarouNx Nacocax OnHAKO
paccosuaa cucrema rpeGyer GémbmINX KanUTaNDHBxX BAOXKeHUA MpH
Toll 2Ke XOMOOMPONSROAUTETDHOCTH H MeHee SKOHOMMUHA, WeM CHC-
testa Henocpenctaenioro oxaaxitenna. Tocaeatee OGnACHAeTCH TeM,
TO uA MOAUep»KAHHA TOM Xe TeMMepatypst OXAXKLAeMOro OGDEKTA
TeMuepatypa KUNeHHA XOnOMHABHOTO areltTa B HeapHTene nom
Ha 6biT HinKe (npuMmepxo Ha 5°C), ¥eM B cucTeMe HeTIocpeneTBeRHO-
TO OXHaNKIeHHA, 13-32 HeOGXOUMOCTH MOAepaUBATL TeMmepaTyp-
nuit Hanop B AByX TenaooOmeHHBx annapatax: Hcmapntene w GaTa-
pesx paccombiioro oxsaxKaenus. Kak 2aabme Gyset moKkaaaHio, ¢ oO
HiDKeieM TeMMepaTypbt KIMHAA areHTa cylilecTSeHHO yaeauuNBalOT-
ca satparéi Ha rioyseHHe xonORa.
Tipenmymectsamn ciictembl BOSAyMMHOTO OXMaxKAeHIA nepen RByMA
paccMorpenisimn sBaseTer OGecmereHne paBHOMepHOit TeMnepaTypEt
Bo Beem OGEMe OXaXAacMOFO TOMA H ero UHTeNCHBHAN BeHTILIA-
mus. Flocaequee xeoxoauMo npx nepesosKe ¢pykToR,
967BR
17 Orson yraexucaors, BiienmeMoi mpi %xupoB, apyran — onomell n Kaptopens). Octasb.
18
Tasanua2
Tesneparypuuia perxum nposisHONNbIX KaaxoBEIX,
por xpaen
Kaagonan ann xpavennn
peayer cenaue
or sao gcc | sue
Maca 8 —10
Pao 8 10
‘Maca 1 xspoe 2 lor—4 x0
Ordx0—1 |Or0n0—1 | 1
Simm woaosix npo- | Or 0 20—
aykron
Once +4 42 42
9 4 +2 +2
Harmon io ts 3
‘Mopoxcenioro =18 = =
Pasusix exoponopramuix- (Or —2 30 —4|0r —4 20 —6Or —4 20 —6| ~
cl mpoaykron (comuectioe
xpavene)
ovopaiaaiie, @ KoropoMpery
Hpuweuanne. Ha eyane npeayewanpinsor xaazonyo p224op: 9 xoropr
anpyeatam Teunepirypa panna or 43 x0 F15°C.
HBle Tpy3oBKe MopeKHe cya ZOMKHEI HMeTE MpoBHsHOMBe KaanoBHe
AIA CAICAYIOUHX MPOAYKTOB: Maca — xpaweUlle MopOrKeKOTO Maca
MACHEIX IPOAYKTOB, PHOM — Xpavenwe MopoxeHo! pHOLI H pLIGo-
Mpoayktop, Maca it xkupop — XPavieHe 2KHBOTHOTO Maca Ht 2xNpOB,
MscoKoMueHocTeli, KoAGac HT. , OBomLel — Xpalienie cBexHX OB0-
mei, Kapropens, cyxHx mponyktos — xpanienne Kpyn, MyKH, caxa-
Pa, MakapoH, COM HT. g., a TAKE KAALOBMe PacXOmMAX —MpOAyK-
TOB — xpauenie cyToWHoro aanaca MPORYKTOB, B TOM HHCTe cKOpO-
Nopramuxes. Kaagopwe 1a xpavenus cKoponopTaULMxcs MIpo.AYKTOB
HHYTPH MOKpuBalOT TenTONs0ATUMeH HM OOWMRaIOT altTHKOpposHii-
HBIMH MaTepHasaMn, CTHIKM H UBL! NponanBawor. Many6st noKpHiBaioT
Kepamuvecknn naHrKamn oOopyayior mimuraTaxe.
Temmepatypa p mpopisHOHHAKX KAaLOBBIX 3aBUCHT OT HX HasHaye-
Mus M_ MponomauTersHocTH XpalienUA B MUX mpozonomseTDHA
(ra6.. 2).
Vsorsumonsme matepnanm a Konctpykuuu. Ocnosioe Hasnaye-
He HAOASUN — CHInKaTL MPHTOK Tema B OXTarKLAeMbIe MOMELTe-
hua, Tiponukaiouiee B oxaiaxknaemite HoMeUleHHiA Ten10 He TOABKO BH
auBaeT yoennuenHe TenmOoit Harpy3KH Ha XOMOLMNbHY MalUHy,
Ho u cniocoGcrayer ycymke mposyktos. Vetavostexo, vT0 Kaxkable
4.2 «Idk Tena, nponvkarouero B NoMemeHHe, HMewee TeMnepaTy-
py —18°C, rae xpauatca neynakoBanHbie HHILeBbe MPOAYKTH, BbIsi-
Balor ucnapenne c ux ToBepxHoctH 0,156 BlarH, mpH Temmepatype
10°C — 26 r.
K cyzonofi wsonsuau mpexbanamotea creryiouue rpeConania:
BHICOKHe TenaosaulTHEIe CBoiicTBa. OTH cBOlcTsa XapaKTepHsy:
fore Masio# BeamMHoi TenonpoBoAHOcTH,
Manag oGpeMmaa Macca;
BHICOKAR MexaltHueckan MpowHOcTs; crofikocts K yanaxsenmo. TIpa yanaxuennu TenaonsoasunonHo-
To MaTeptiasta cymiecTseHHO NOBMUAeTeA TenAONpoBOAHOCTS. OGBAC-
uaeTea 970 Tem, ITO UpH yaaaxneHMA MaTepHada ero mopix sanon-
usiotes Boxoii,” uMeioleH TertonposoaKocTs 0,53 Br/(m-°C), ¥To
B23 pasa Comme Tenmonponoatiocra Bostyxa. TIpu noxwxenun
TeMnepaTypH HSOAUHH OGpasoBABIUARcA B MlOpax Boa 3amepsact.
Tenaonposoawocts ayaa 22 Br/(m-°C), v0 nowtH B 100 pas Gonb-
ie TensonposoaHocTH Bosayxa. Badawi usoAsuHONHEI MaTepHad,
MoMuMO MOTepH TenAOHZOAAMKONHEIX CBOlicTB, ObicTpo TepKeT Mexa~
duueckyio NPOWHOCTs H HoRBepraetes Mpoueccy rHHEHHR;
BHICOKHe OrHecTOliKue KavecTBa;
alerkocTs O6paGorkH B mpollecce HsroTOBNeHKA H MOHTaxKa wa
cyane;
HeBBICOKaa CTOHMOCTD. :
Kpome toro, usoasuua He qomKHa BBUeNATH-sanaxoB H He BOCHpI
HUMAT® HX.
Hexotopite ocuoBune cholicrBa npHMeNmeMBIx HOAUMOHKEIX Ma-
TepHasoa mpunerens B TaGa. 3.
HanGoxee bicoxos(ipexTHBHbIMH HSOMAUOHKEIMK MaTepHanaNnt
seamotca nenonoauyperans. OcHoBHEIMN HCXOsuEM MpoAyKTaNHt
AIH HX HSTOTOBEHHA ABAMOTCH AHMSOUMOHATE H CHHTeTHYECKHE CMO-
aut, Kpome toro, aaa ocyulectaxenis TexXHosiorH¥ecKoro Mpollecca W
Tpnaaiua wy%xubix CBOHCTS K CMOsIe HAN AHUSOUNOHATAM OOaBITOT
SMYAbTaTOPh HM APYTHE KOMMOHEHTH, MOBMUAIOUINe orHeCTOMKOCTH Ht
mpowHocrp. CMeureive cMOsE ¢ AMNZOUHOHaTOM MPoHSBOAAT B sapa-
nee ycraitopaeitofi Ha Mecre onasyOxe. [Ipx 9ToM MpoucxoauT 9K30-
TepMiNYecKam PeaKIs C HHTCHCHOMLIM BBIReNeKHEM yraeKucaoro Ta
aa, Mavepuan satsepaesaet, mpuniimad caoxKubie dopmu cyxoB0rO
wa6opa, YeM SHA4HTeTbHO OGmervaeTcH BuNOaHEHHe HIONANKONELX
pasor.
Hanieceie nevononuyperatia a yponie nosepxioca Kopnyca
MOXKHO OCYLECTB.AAT 43 MMcTOaeTa-pacitsiantens. )Kecrkme H noay-
2KeCTKHe HeHonoaMypeTaHst B Mpowecce ux NoayeluA xopomlo MpH-
Tabannad
Xapaurepuerm TentoHsoanNHOMHEIX MaTepHaIOR
Ccytoson waornuvounu warepuan iaorucers, wept | Temgenponeguoe
Aawibons roxppuposarntit 6 058
‘Mumepazoaaras: maura 250—400 | 0,064-0, 081
Mimepazsna woftaox 100-200 | 0,046—0,052
CrekaopoaoKHo iranembHoe 40—70 0,052
Trewoerexs0 200100 | 0,088°-0,14
po6oeas nara 260 0,058
Duenansiro%as tera 180 05058
Tenonzacr ®C-7 109, 3
Tenonaact bb 150—180 0,058
Bawayp 65 01093
Tenoromyperan sracrinst 30-60 05038
2
Boxdyuumas npacnoixa
1
3
5
. oa Puc. 6, OcnosHie Tan KoHCTpyKHA
% ‘eyaonof NOAA
MatepHanam H XYIKe — K MACAHKIM, KUPHMM HW TOAHPOBANHBIN 1O-
_epxttocrsi,
ce ee cauecrBe THAPONSONALNONKMX MaTepHanos mpmMeraioT nepra~
® au (xaprow, nponwtannuii wedrauso 6irtyMom), naeuky MapKH
ITEM 1 ap.
Ocobertoctsio cysoRol HaOAAUMOMHOM KONCTPYKUNH ABAReTCA ee
enomHOCTs, cBABAHIAR C HatHUHeM Ha MOBepXHOCTAX HSOTHPYCMEX
noeulenuil mmaxroyros, crpinirepoB, Gustcos, Kapamurcos H ApyrHx
» gnemenros waGopa Kopnyca cyawa.
Tipumensior cienyIouue OCHOBHBe BAL HS0ARLHOHHDIX KOHCT~
PYKUMi: HOpMasbHy!o, c BosayuMOM mpocaofiKo H ¢ BlicaRKaMH (c
O6xoROM Mpopiizell cyzovoro HaGopa). B HopmadbHoi% KoHerpyxuiHt
Héoasunn (puc. 6, a) mpocrpaucrBo Mexay HZoMMpyemol noBepxito-
rao f mt Aepebaitiiolt OOMIMBKOR 3 sanoatieno Hs0AAWOHALIM Mare.
-& panos 2. [lepenaunne Opyckn 4 Kpenat K waGopy Goaramu Halt
“L. unuabkannn, Taxyio KOHCTpYKMMO Yaille Bcero MPUMeHAIOT sats W20-
agin GopTos, Tauly6 u mepeGopox. B KoHeTpyKuNu HSOTAMUIT C BO3-
| RYLINOR MpocsioKoll (puc. 6, 6) HsoAAMHONHEM MaTepHaTOM samos-
HAIOT TOKO MPOCTpaHcTvo Mexy BHYTpeHHell w Hapyxoi sepe-
BANHMIMG OOMNBKaMH, a MexKAy HSOAUPYeMOM TOBepXHOCTSIO H BILYT-
periueh epenaiuoh oGuMBKo% ocracTea nosaytinan mpocnohKa.
Taxyio KOHCTPYKUMO MpUMeHSOT JUIA HsOAMpOBAltA ABO#HOTO Ka
> “Haxanausaromanca saara caoGonHo creKaet To BosnyuIHoH npoctoli
ke b sibaaa, OTKyLa oTKauHBacTed ocymmTenbuEM Hacocom. To TIpa-
puaam Pererpa CCCP mpu usonauim ssoiworo ana Tomunia Bo3-
AYumok npocsolixn omkHa Obits we mentee 50 wv. Tipw ppicoxux
. Mpodaasx na6opa cyilia MpHMensOT KOUCTpyKuMIO HIOqAILEH BEI
cankamn (pic. 6, 6).
Vioasusonan KoucTpyxWA nomKHa oGecHeynBaTh nanexHYIO
aamuty waoasuHoHHOTO MaTepiana oT YRAaKNeHNs, MexamTecKHx
Tonpexxennit H npotuiknonenis rpiisyHios. Jax storo wsoraORNEtL
+ Marepiaa sauMBawor No OpeuleTHUKY AByMA pALAMN UINnyHTOBaKNBX
Rocok ¢ MpOKAeiKol MexXAY HIIMH AHcTOBOTO NapoHenposMuaeMoro
MatepHama.
seit
a
Be |
B kavectue matepiasion Aaa napo- H ruqpousonaunonuex noKpH-
Tai mpuMensior Ourysi, pasnbte OutyMube MacTinKH, cuHTeTHYeCKe
HaeHKH, KepaMieckile TAHTKH, PYOHHBLe H AHCTOBBIe MaTepHaml —
PyGepoitx, nepramun u ap. JIucroBse napo- m rHxponaoanunonnie
MaTeplatiy HakaenBaioT Ha Orpaxkaenia C NOMOMIbIO GuTyMa MIN Gx.
TYMioli MacTHKH, a mMieHo¥NNe MaTepuastt — ¢ MOMOLIDIO KieeD
(snoxcuasoro, 884, BHAM mt xp.)
C wessio npexoxparenia ws0AAuHK OT rpusyHOS Bp onstesbuEIX
KOHCTPYKUNAX TO BHeMHeMY ca1oI0 Mapo- HAN THApoHsonAUNM late
RusaloT MeTamAHYeckKyIO CeTKY M_nocHe 9TOrO NPHWHBALOT HApYR.
Hult aol uinystosantsx gocox. Tip o6uuaKke suyrpeanel nowepx
HOCTH TpioMa iI KnanoBo!t ANeTAMiE 13 OMMKOBaHHOTO KenTeIa ten
Hepykavelowell cram Tulatenbio mponannaior wish Mexay aeTani
3TOM Bapualite orpanuunsaioter onMHM coeM xocoK Ge9 Napotte,
NpoHiuaemoh GymarH, Meraaanveckyio cerky ue yerawanaunaion
Takas Kouctpykunn yMensuraer Tony asoanunn” iH yayuuiaer
Canurapubie yeronus xpanenua npoayKros.
JloarosesHocrs m naxerxnocts padorst 1aoAAuMoHHOR KoHeTpYxtAE
Sablon OT coGaloxenus TexHonoruyeckHx TpeGosarin —B mpouccee
MONTANA, a TAKE MpaBiA sKcMAYATAWIH KONCTPYKUMTH
Mlospersretie wsoAsiuontolt KoxeTpyxuin 8 mpotiecee 9Kenayara-
Wi MelisOexHO MpuBOAHT K YBAAXHeMMO M rielMO iaONsILHM,
RorexcTBHe Hero B OX.IaXKAAeMEX MOMeMMeNAX MoryT NonBHTLCH ne,
CToponnite sanaxi, KoTOpBIe Gyayr BocHpHHMaTieR rpyaaum, Toot:
My BO BpeMs aKcHayaTauNH HeOOXOAHMO MOCTOAUKO exeniITh 34 co,
crosiliest wsonsunn, Tlepoauieckyio mposepky Ma yeaankieHue npo-
HSBOAAT NYTeM B3ATHS MPOG B TeX MecTAX, Te YaMAKHEHME HaoAsILIN
¢ Teveuuem Bement snamerca HauGonee’ wepostitim. HeoGxosuie
TAKE HSOTHPOBATE xoTOANELE TPYSoNpoBOAN u annaparal. Tpn STON
KONCTPYKUNA JOWKHA HeKMOUAT BOSMOXHOCTH MORBAEHIA. Brart
MeXAY HSOINPYeMOh HOBepxHOCTHIO H HBoaAuHONHEM MarepHactoM,
Tak KaK 970 MpMBOAHT K YBAaXKHeHINO HaoAAIMHH, A BROCAeReTON f
Gpasopanm coumelt 8 peayastare Kopposnn meraaaa
Ha pie. 7 Moxasana usoaaunoniam KoucrpyKUun xonoAworo Tpy-
Gonposora. Ham santa or Kopposit HapyxkHyio nosepxnoers. Tpy-
Conposora tulaTeabHo OuMaioT H MOKPHIBaIOT caoeM ropaero Cun
Ma, Koropsiit mpiannaer K Tpy6e, HeKaioan BOSMORKHOCTS noADACHINL
ta Hell part. [pa cao ckopayn us Tepmousosiaunontioro Matepnana
cxaenaior © tpy6onposoxoM Ht Mexknty cool ropauiM GuTyMow ‘4a,
KuM 6pasoM, “TOG Monepewie H MpOLOADHBE CTHIKH ABYX coes
Own BamMHO cMemenDi,
Hapyasnyi nosepxsocts TepMousonaunn cosa noxpusaior cno-
eM Topavero Gurysa, Koropuii 2omKeH OGecneUiTTS ce sauuiTy OT yB-
AwKHEHH MPH paGore yeraonKn. anee nonepxHocts naomi
ToKpbibaior acOecTo-eMeNTHOli wryKaTypKOR, BLCOXIIyiO UiTyKa-
DPKY OkseuBaioy MarKHM OpescnToM, KOTOpH satem oKpallBaIOT,
Burvannylo aacraey napar w Korae aaectuMoctbio 0,5—-1 a? mpi ren,
Repatype 150—180°C. Mpurorosaenue ee Ha cyawe, Haxonauenen a
Skchayaraumn, upexcraBaserca AocTatowo caoxkwtiM. [Lin npuKeN
2
x eKopayn 1
nanan 1a0aauwoHtDs 7
fant Hapaay c GuTyMOM Tipunens
jot Kae Haoaur. Oi npercrananet
coool emecs HUTporanhraaeporo
fines B opraiimueckix pacroopiire-
Bax, HanpuMep stHaaueraTe | Haw
Srunosom = chupre c axTitaMEnit
HanoauHTenAMH (TopTaHAUEMeN-
TOM), BOJOKHHCTHM ac6ecTOoM Ht
enesntm cypuKow, B 9THx xe ue-
aaX TIPHMeHAIOT HAHTONOBLI Kzefi.
Bpewa Teeprenun —wanTosmoBoro
kanes sapuicit oT — Tesmepatypst
posayxa Hi yaeanunsaerca mpl ec
nowmxennm. Tlostomy _venoss20-
BaTb HANTOTOBL Kael =©MOxKHO
ToABEQ MPH TeMMepATYPE HE BIKE o> soaauin xooatoro TpyGo-
anc mponoza,
Hsoamuiio annaparon, gaan PO pes
ves, narraiios Hapyrofl Xono- fost Enta PUN ea
Austonof| apsarypet ptimoanmior Ee Sens ac
Fest ke weTeptaaasts, koropH
oxupyiot tpy6onponoas. —Tpn / . es
P c: [OHHOTO C108. 3
epuBHOCTH —BCerO — AOVISLIK ; so.
anus na rpyGonponosax oGunio nauwaetes y ipo a ea
1 aGort 1
stop. B Stix MecTax WaoMaIWOHHMe p
C ocoGoil maresenoers, B meerex oxOivantin 1aoasunOnKoro exon
(sanpumep, duaHia Beacbipaioulero maTpyOKa xowmpeecopa) a
XoqUMO OGecHeuHTS MoAHOe CKAeMBaHHe HIoTAN ¢ TpyGoND 010M,
hexarovatoules nonanatine posayxa rox goAmumo, Hamnane Ho3s)x3
it npuboaur & samepsanit ;
ecay TPYGONPOBOLOM i USO.AAILE! ;
Cxoneneuponabiiehes Ha XOORHOH MOBepXHOCTH, H BENERCTBHC 970
ro K nenydBaHiMo HsoAsuHH.
6. ONPEENEHNE XOJOONPONSBOAHTENBHOCTH YCTAHOBKH
fi nas
Tensonyio Harpyaxy xovowiabHoh YerakonkH paccurnHnaioT nas
onpexeaeniin npoxssonntensiioctn xonoauassux waunuH. | TentoBan
ya 1 i yeTaMOBKH cKAalteBaeT z
Harpyska XosonHaAbUO melee
KOB: NPOXOZAMLEX Yepes NsoampyiouLn z
TenIONPHTOKOB: NpOXo LAME ; } = OrpaKACHER; CBA
aGOTKoH MpoAyKTOB; y
aaHHBIX ¢ TepMueckoh o6pal =nexyaTaUHOREN%,
OMCTPYKUMi —_ OXMAXKR
BAIAHBHIX C OCOGEHHOCTAMH KOHICTPY ere,
€ newtiasuiel nowettertth, pa6oroll siozei, Sesouaen akan
Koamuectno tena, mozmexatee OTBOAY OT KaxsOM KA ,
easioT pacueTo. , vuivectno
*eURouonen Harpyoka xoromntbioh Maul — sto, Kom
‘era, KoTOpoe HEOOXOAHMO OTBOAHTS B eANEHUY Bpemen,
2B XoxoxonponsBoxntensHocts — sto KoamyectBo Tel
XonOAMANAT MAUNA MOET OTAeCTH B exIHMY Bpewenn,
XosoxonpouszoguTenbHOCT YeTaHOBKH LOwKHA GLITe gocTaToE-
Hof AIA MoraMleHNA MaKcHMaAbHBX TenaonpHTOKos, 7. €, paccuntana
Ha wanoaburyio Tenaosyio Harpysky (NoaHan sarpysKa KaalODNX
MPH MapanHA B rponuseckux wMporax). Tpu mepexone B paiiount c
Gone HusKoh Temmepatypol TensonpuTOKH Gy;yT cHMKaTUCA H XO.
HOHABHAT MaMINa Pa6OTate c MeHbNeH HarpysKOH.
Tenaowan narpysxa wa npxGopst oxnaxkxenua, yeranopmennete w
MpopusionHeX Katonux Qry’, Br, onpeseasetca bupaxennen
Qe =VQAw+LAe+TW+ LUtEDVs
Tae Qy — TenzoMpaTOK, mpoxoxsuu yepes orpancitentta oxaaNTIEMo;
TO nomemers;
Qo — TentonpxTOK OT npoayKToR NpH Ux TePMHECKOH o6pasoTKe;
Qs—tensonpuTox, BHOCHMEIT Hapy%ibim Bo3AyXOM MpH BeHTH:
AIUW oxarkAaeMorO HoMeLeHHA;
Qu —rensonputoK or paGoraiomx MexaHuGMoB M ocBeLteHHs;
Qs—renxonputox or padoraioumx s10ze%.
Temonptox Q: wepes KaxkuyIo orpaxkraiomy: noBepxHocTs om
PeAeAsOT To OcHOBHOMY ypaBHeHmiO Tenaonepenan
QU= FF (tiop ~ ta)
Taek — xoappuunert tenaoneperasa orpaxgents, Br/(M?-°C);
F —nosepxnocts orpaxkzenus, m%;
p— Hapyxkuas Temmepatypa, °C;
f,—TeMmepatypa, KoTOpan xOmKHA GUT» BHYTpH oxaaRqac-
Moro nomemenia,
Tesnepatypat trap H fs MP pacvere mMpuuNMaior B saBHCHMOcTH
‘OT pailova ntapanus cyaHa BILLA OXAaxKAaeMBX B KIaxoBOR npo-
ayxtos Temmepatypy HeocsemenHbix monepxnoctell npaiumaioT pan-
Holl Temnepatype Hapy2kHioro Boatyxa, a oxBoaHMIx MoBepxHocreli—
Tesnepatype 3a6opTHO! BoA Buiisuse commevHoh pannanun yunts
Bator Yoeauenem pasnoctu TeMmepatyp tyap—fn Ha MeTHUHHY to.
MoawuTessHoro TeNnepatypHoro Hanopa Af, BHISBANHOTO pauannens
|» KoTOpoe
At = et
THE Ge—itreHenBHOCTS conHeNHOrO OGayyeHHA; xan TpomueCKHX
WHPOT ge NPHHNMaiOT: ATA FopHaOHTaBHMX NOBepxHocTel
1050 Br/s?; ans pepruxaasusix — 720 Br/u?;
£—Kosbpunuext nornowenna aysucroli omeprim, sasneauit
Of MatepHada, papibiii, HanpHMep, Aaa eto Kpacku
0,12—0,30, naa ueproit — 0,97—0,99;
nap — TenOOTAAYA OT HapyxuNX moBepxHOcTe K Bosayxy
Br/(M-°C); cmap sasicitT Of cKOpoctir Bosayxa oTHOcHTEND-
Ho cyzua,
Suan nnoulayt MoBepxHocTeit OTAGTLHBX Y1ACT in ieee a
ix Orpaxeni, cooTuerernyroniwe ut Temeparypume meperaae 1
xosdpiunenrit rertonepenayi, paccsnTbwavor cysiMapHbih Tenaonpt-
Tox Hepes wapy2Kanie orpancxesia. K szoMy TenZonpHTOKY.noSabANis
a oMexyTounEte mepe ;
feHAONPHTOKIE Yepes MLAAepeet, Mp\
Tore donut rehaonpivox sepes neomipyioume orpaxcnestn
EY Q= ZY Quo + Quna + Quep,
Koanyectao teria, KoTopoe HeOGXOAHMO OTBOAHT OT MpoayKToR
Ip Ux TepMusecKoit OOpaGoTKe, onpenenmOT No BIYparKeHHO
in or + Ge ex) ( tu tn)
ge (ese P88) tata) ,
oaykToB H TAPE, Kr;
© Gry Gy —macea coorverersento np
7S ellie) (kr-°C); mpunuwaror no TaGmHUAM;
ty —nauaabHas TeMnepatypa upoayKros, °C; vam, °C;
i, —sanauuaa temmepatypa Bosayxa B momemennu, °C;
@ —npema oxaaxnenus,
Tennonpurox, caagauunll c nentHasuneh Qs,
W Taps,
v,
BA mcr Pray Cp (tmp — fa )s
= Tr o5 Puap
pe Vow —06ReM OxLAxRAEMBIX MOMeULeHTt, Ms
Maeve —ueHo OGMeHOR BOSLYXa B CYTKH (ew, ‘ra6a. 4),
= a
ery —ioTHOCTe HapyxkHOrO HOSAKA, KEYS;
Pg? TD Yaeabnan tenaoemKocrs posayxa, KiLbx/(Kr-°C). ox
Tensompurorn Qs OT paGoTaioumnx MexawiisMos H oeBerHresbm
npuGopor enaraiore HS TerlaowuuneneHii, 9KDUBATENTHLX MOM
TH, Mepexabaemof BosAYXy OXnaxKAaeMoro NoMeMLeHHs,
Q4= Nuex Puex + Nocn Yocs,
JeruTeabHBIx MpH6O-
cca MOLLHOCTH MEXAHHSMOB Hl OCD! -
ae sGOTatOUINX B OXAANLAeMUX. HOMCLENIE
aGOTHL MeXa-
puoc, Yoon — KoBdhpuMuentst onHOBpewentioeT_p
Yoo en Sy ocoemeiin, npitaene PeOANAI OT
rae Nuex
i 0,4 20 1,0.
‘J TaGangad
‘tueso o6eoe oanyxa p wamepe AaM paw TMeBKEX MpOAyKTOR
a jrineao o6menow
Faces, ooeeoe —_ oe
Tonya pee 1 Saaie
ree
. enNOe 2-4 PuGa mopoxenan
«N Slopomenoe 12 sina
Macao 122 || Spy
26
ee |
|
|
|
Tenazonpurox or padoratomux aozeh
1
= Gaatast,
% —TensoBirxerenua onuoro
ku, Br;
"lq —wuea0 pa6oratomux stozeli;
‘a —BPeMA npeGunania sozell Bo}
B TeHeHHe cyTOK, 4,
Sakouuns pacuer ren.tom
Pywor Tengonpiitoxw ncex Kaasonuix,
vost te renonpton, He nonaatoumeca pacuery, caasans B oc.
O24 H ApyrHMH npnunnamit, r
Nonpanowitu Kosdpunienrow Kym LOSE et AX yurrsnator
= 1,05. .
Tensonax narpyska wa xosoatabsyio waluimny
y > :
BQ (VA+V@WAVAt$NA+VQI A.
Tlorpe6uyso xoroxonpous 7
13 BupAxKeHHE
rae
PaGoraiomero yeaopexa cyt
RTAIKAAeMEX nOMeULeHISX
PHTOKOBR 28 KaxAOf KAaIOBO!, cysMH-
pouTersHOCT Mamant, Br, onperersor
Oyen Sentt,
— Bpena paGorst KoMnpeccopos a te:
Tae +
MeHUe CYTOK, 4,
e
TAABA III
KOMMPECCOPHI XOJONMJIbHBIX MALIHH
7. MOPUIHEBBIE KOMMPECCOPEI
Koumpeccopst xonoaiabHoll yeraHOBKH cayrKaT IK OTCachiBANiA
napa areiira 3 ucnapntens, cxXATHA H HarHeTAHA ero B KOHeHCA-
rop. aa napoBux xXoaOAABEBIX MAMI HeTIOMBayIOT cxenyIOULNE TH-
IIb KOMMPeCcopoB: NOpullientie, BHHTOBHIe, PoTAILOHNBe — H_HeHTpO-
Gexuse. HanGoace wHpoKoe MpHMeHeHHE B XOHONALHLIX YeTaHOBKax
MOPCKNX TpaHcHOprTHBIX CysOB NOAyHAN TOpurHeBLIe KOMNeccopHy.
Kaaccupuxaiia 0 npiuun aelictaua nopuinentix KoMmpeccopon.
Tlopumesste Kownpeccopst paszmvaloT no cxexyloulNM npHsHaka:
No XonoxonpousBositTeNbHOCTH: Mane — zo 10000 Br, cpea-
une — ot 10000 20 50000 Br n xpynute — cane 50000 Br;
To pacnonoxkennio ocell m YHeaY UHANHApOD: BEpTIKANbHBIe BYX-
unantiapossie, Y-oGpaaume vernpexmuannapossie; W-o6pasnbie uiec-
mnamiapoaie; YY-o6pasnbe BOCHMHIMTHHAPOBEe; 3Be3R006pasitEte
¢ AecaTHIO 1H GOABIIM KoAHYeCTBOM WHAHILAPOB;
Mo Hanpapaenino AawKeHHA Mapa arettra B LNIHAAPe: NPAMOTON-
ble H HenpsMOTONHETe.
B npamorouniom KoMmpeccope (puc. 8, a) Bcachiparomtne Kamas
1 pactozoxenbt B AKHNLe NOPUIHs, KOTOpoe BiINOAHAIOT HpoxoRHUM.
Harnerarenubte Kaanane 2 nomeutenst 8 KpsIUKe waMitApa, Bea-
cunaiome H HarHeTatenbiMe KaanaHst HeBoaspatuoro THna, TIpx
XO MOpUINA BINS aBqeHIie HaX MOpUIMeM moHIDKAETES, Map xo:10-
AiabHOrO areuTa Ha ucnapHTens vepes oTBepcTiiA 4 it BCACHIBALOUIE
kaanans J noctynaet 8 MpoctpasicTuo Hag nopuiNem — mpoxexomitt
scactinanne. [pu xpivkeHiin NOpUINs BBEpx BcacbisatouNIe Knanaitht
Ha Nopuiie saxpwibaiores HB MiLANpe MpoHexoant cxKaTHe napa
areura, IIpm Aaqbeiiuiem Nopsmenui jlasJeHua B WHANHApE OTKPE-
Bawres HarHeTaTenbibie Kanan 2-H Yepes narpyGoK 3 nap arettra
BbTaskuBaeTcA B KOHAeHCaTop. Xon areHTa npsMofi: cHI3Y Baepx,
ho¥emy KoMnpeccop H HasBaH mpsaMorounBM. Orseperie 4 He nepe-
xpbipaeres noputiiew.
HenpaMorounsie KoMmpeccopsi MoryT GtiTh 2ByX BiLA0B: ¢ pactio-
JOxeHHeM BeacHBaloMNX 7 H HarieTaTeMbHBX 5 KaanaHon B OOwtelt
Kaanannoit mate (puc. 8, 6); mpH stom MpoctpaxteTBO Tox ros1OBKOIK
Kowmpeccopa pasaeseHo rayxol neperoporkoit 6 Ha MloxocTH Beacti-
baHua H HarneTania, C nepidbepuiinuim pacnosoxeHHen acacbisarome-
To Kaamana 7, mp 3TOM AMaMeTp KAanaa Gosbile auaMerpa wi-
aunapa (puc.’8, ¢). Henpsmorounse Kommpeccops paGoraior caeny-
jou OGpasoM: mpH XOAe MOpUIHA BHHa AAaBeHMe Hat Nopuitem mO-
HibkaeTea H Yepes acacHBaIoMMl Kanan 7 B uHAMAp BCACKIBACTCA
or 9 ope
Puc 8 Cxewst paGors nopumenux xoonumsmee Kompeccopos*
4S upeworomoro, 6 — wenpeworoworo ¢ scachmawiin M uerwerareabiuM wnanaitaMt
3 o6met aanaiok nawre, 8° seupaworomnor® e nepuepubas pacsosonemten ate
Hap areuta ns ucnapureas. pu xoxe nopumia sBepx nponcxonur
oKaTHe mapa, BeacuBaIoutuit Kanan 7 saKpeIBaeTeA H, KOTAA NaBAe-
Ene B WHANHAPE MpensicHT jAaBAeHHe B_KOHeIICATOpe, Nap BUITATKH-
baetes vepes HarveraTemBHBA Kanan 5 B KoHZeHcaTOp.
B nocieauee spems mpumeusiot B OcHOBOM — Henpamorownsie
Kommpeccopit ¢ nepudepulibim pacnonoxennem neacsipaioulero Kna-
nana Koxerpyxuna stix KoMmpeccopos nossoaser yaemuuiiTs mpo-
Xogttoe CeveHtite KsanaHos, a cHeqoBatenbHO, YMeHDINNTS poccens-
HLle HorepH, NpuMeHuTs npoctelluml KoueTpykTHBHBI MeTO peryaH-
PoBaHuA NpoHsBoAUTeMBHOCTH HT 1.
Tlo crenewu repmetuanocra nopmmesse Konpeccopm jeaiat wa
CambHHKOBHe, GeccanbunKoable 1 repMeTuuntie.
Tloputesiie Kosmpeccopsr moxto noxpasneauts u no pany apy-
THX NpHsHaKOB: NO KOHCTPyKuH KOpnyca KOMMpeccopa (KaprepHle
H GaoKKaprepaue), no xapaktepy cMaso¥Horo yerpolicrsa (c pully.
AuTebHOM cMasKOH, Co cMaaKolt pas6pHiarusaltem, ¢ KOMOHHpO-
Bautioh cMasKo#), mo Xapakrepy oxaarKaeHHA (¢ BOSAyUIIM 1 BO.
AAW oxJaxaentiem) 7.2, B ka¥ectBe MpHBOLHNX ABHFaTeeit cy-
AOBBIX XOMOLITBHBX KOMNPeCCOpOB OOH HcHOMBSYIOT TOABKO a11eK-
TporBurarent. Jaa coeaiiienna ateKtpoxpurateas © KoMMpeccopoM
YacTO MpHMensoT KuHOpemennyt Mepenayy, oGmeryaromyio Monta
MI NosBormoMyio noayyHT HeoGxomuMoe nepexaTouliOe UHeIO
Kaxaoh Konerpyxunn sommpeccopa coorsercrayer cox mapKa,
Tleppan 6yxsa oGo3Havaer HasbanHe — xonogwtHOrO arentTa: @ —
bpeowopniit; A — anmmaunetii; satem ykaanipaetea pacnoaoxenue ir
aunizpos; B — neptixanpuniil, Y-o6paausiii, VY-o6paausit 3a stun
Gyxpann yepes netic naeten xoaoxonpouazosnTerbHocTh B THeANAX
KiOKadopua B Yac Mpu CTauAapTHOM TeMmepaTypHOM pexmMte, ‘7. €.
f= 15°C, te—=—20°C, to=—25°C, tye—=—10°C ita pasmepHocr yka-
supaerer cr KKaa/x Hanpuvep, mapxa ®B-6 pacimmbposuisaerer
cxeayiouim oGpasom- dppeouosisi, Bepruxasbusti, xomononpousso-
aurenbuocrs 6 Tec KKaN/4: Mapka PYY-80 — gpeonosuit; YY.
Gpasititi, xonoAonponseonuTerbuocTnIo 80 THe, eT KKaml/4. Beat
28
a wpa 22, 970 osHayaer, TO KoMMpeccop
repel 6yKBaMH I unpp: Port
ayeH Auta padoris Ha R22. .
wr Kownpeccop B-6, Kownpeccop (pwc. 9) vepraxanssnll, aby
auanigponn, wenpanorownstl, padoraer | Ha xaazoue'l2, ays
(0 mal, Xoaononpor en a
(qu00 er M cana) mpm 24 c-! (1440 o6/mun) — 1 5234 (4500
a 16 ct (960 06/aut). .
er ore 2 Tteamaponsn 620% 9 1 spunea wowpeceopa 15 eon
aMH, 1 -
fexy coGol mNHADKAMH u aK o,
raaue Tnsunaposuil Oxox 9 sucer nepatel wacrn peOpa | 10
% pogtymmoro oxnaxyenna. Bax 1 Kommpeccopa anyrvonesi Xe
Baasoporom leek To yruiom 180° ppamacten B tmapuonos 3H Bo:
Auxovow 27 onopssix nonmaniuKax. [ax npexorapamenss, cMente;
Sen Tunpano Ha ero TopuoRoA YacTH HweeTeH eTasbHof Kaze Ee
tapi 19, oTopbil Bpamaerca Béecte c DanoM YMIpAeTeR BC
E cTanass
1. Ha xonnesoa wacta 4 pasa y a
Xap 20 ahwol 8 Mnuip RAHHOPEMENOR Mepexasel OT axekTpORDH
su
re KnaT ronopKa wiatyHa 8 BbITOMHeHa Pasvemnion, aan
roguunminka samuis 6366170 Bepxtiaa rosooka — wepasseMag,
© Gponaonolt sryzxofl. Hazy coeauteH © nopulieM rlocpesicTBoM naa-
Baroutero nopulliesoro Masia 11, Koropuih yaepaKubaeres oT oCesO-
Fo Tepenenieniin npyaCHHALLINN KOnBUAM, weTABACHNANH B emeMtt
daoie KawapKH Tea nopuna, Tlopurens uMeet Ba y
3m ogo Macaocbemiioe 12 Kombua. ,
we tnaKe Koumpeccope ocyuiectaaseres pasGpsiarunarines. das
ana Macaa B KapTep caykHT mpo6Ka 30, a Aaa ciy
Kownpeccop @B 6 ta — npo6Ka 22. Haz wa6aoxenna sa yponuem Maca ua Kaptepe
HMeeten cMotpowoe creKio 31.
Meiay wuuniaposnm GnoKom 9 u nepxuef KpuUIKOH 15 naxo-
AuTeH KaananHas Nauta 14, Ha KoTOpo! pacnoaOXeHLt BcAachinaiouane
18 u narnerarersnue 16 xaananul. Tlonocrs acacusanus 25 repwe-
TuNHO oTereHa OF nonoctH HarHeTanun 24 neperopoaKol 17.
Yerpolicrao xaanavion noxasauo na puc. 10. B kaanaxuoh naure
3 umewren cKBosmue omneperua 4 6, nepeKpuBacmute ntacruasn
BeacbibaioMlnx H HarHeraTeAbHMIX KaaMaoD, Beackpawiie Kaamanut
2 aeHrowne, nMeIor naactun 14 ns NpyxHHHOH crambHon enter
Tommunoh 0.2 sot. Tp apwkenun nopunia Bans naacrH 14 porte
Galores pais B npopesax 13 Knananuof nats, nponyeKan nap Bea.
chibaeMoro arentTa B OJOcTh WHANHpa B HanpaBAeHH, NOKasAHHOM
etpeakaun (ceverne B—B xa puc. 10)
Tpu apuxennm mopuma ssepx (naBnentem wa nonoctn uuauna-
Pa) maactuns 14 scachpatoux KaananoR BuNpaMaRoTeR u, naAOTHO
npinkuMasic: K cenay 5, saxpsisaiot npoxox areuty. nora te
Kaxkiyio Macy Kaanaua YkaaaBBaIOT B BIE LonOMHMTEABHOrO
Npy:kuHAero saeMeHTa BropyIo NaacTHHy, noAoOHyio pabouell, Ha.
THerareabible Kaanaust J nATaYKOBMIe, UMeIOT — KpYrable cradtnine
Taactinet 7 ToAMHHOH 0,4 Ma, WarpyxxenMMe aerKoH mpyKunod 8.
Tip xoae noputis neepx (qaprennem 3 unsuuapa) naacrune 7
HoauiMatorcr, cAUMaR mpyxuny 8, 1 mponycKaior nap areHra Hd No.
HocTH tuitHHApa Hepes oTBepeTiA 6 B MonocTs HarneTanus. [lpn O6-
PatHom xoxe nopuitin naacrii onycKaloTem Ha cBOH cena nom nef.
Crauem pastocr aasaenuit w yeuann npyxuus 8.
Celta warveratetbiEix Knanaios cayakat yettipe (no ueay
NagcTii) Kombuesbix NoscKa Ha KAanaHHol mate 3 Jan npesyn.
Pex qeHn GoKosoro emeweHus BO BPeMA paGoTE Maactua Kanada
Menmpyerca poserkoit 9. Hag warnetatenuuma Kaananamn iMeerc
Tpasepea 11, xoropaa ¢ noMombio Gyieputix npyann 10 npixuMaer
Sybep 12 u poserky 9 x Kaanannof nante.
Tp kopmanouex yenosusx OyhepHete npyrKunn 10 He paGora-
10F; OHM cay2Kar ANH NpeAOXpaveHHa Kanan OT nOAOME:I pI Tit
Pavamveckux yaapax BemexcToHe MONaAAHiA B WHAMKADH ‘¢MLIKOrO
Xaagona Man “‘ustMMKOB Macaa. Kowmpeccopst masofi xosio,onpon3-
BouiTeAbHOCTH aKHOl Mpa APyTHX MapoK orevecrseHNOrO 1
Sapy6exHoro mponsnosctsa cHaGKaloTeN BeacHBArOMNMM 1H Hartien
TATE THD aaTOpHBMH TexxoROBBIME ReItTH.AAMI
Tipu paGore Komnpeccopa B-6 (cm. puc. 9) nap xnanowa-12 nea-
cupacTen 13 MenapiTent vepes neachiBalouUtit BetTHt 27 m cera.
Tail usurp 26. Arent aewxeres BRepx B MosocTs BeacuiBaHHA 25 1
wrepes Beackiparomtne Kaanans 18 noctynaet @ osocr» uitmuapa, Epi
XOAe MOpUIA BBEPX SCactiBarOMINe KAAMaKM saKPHBAIOTCH, Nap arcH.
Ta @xuMaeTeR H Nepes HarHerateabHMe Kaanaib 16 H Hareratean
heii nenTHas 23 BuiTaaKuBaerea B KolReHCaTOp
B kommpeccopax xonoausbibix yeraxonox Kaptep neeraa cooGmta-
ees Co cropouoll BeacweaHi® Koxnpeccopa (8 alnol KoHCTpyxut
Au 9700 MIperyeMorpen Kaa 28). Sto npensterayer nosuilreHio
30
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4
at
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ira n cope Kounpeccopa @B 6
Puc 10 Kranannan
ansontia b Kaprepe » pesysrate nponyekon wepea Hopumtennie Kost»
: : aBHLIM RaBsTeHIt
1 fabwiene B KapTepe ocTaeTcA p
Tipu caraake wommpeccopa pasGpusrunaniext e ip oOmeREE Maps
‘ fi ToxocTHO cosnaioren 6aroMpl
Bim yuoea waena nap y jeu YHOCa ycrataputit-
yitoca om arena Ina ywonnu i
Sao? mpoby 29 ¢ He Kanan 28 cayaur TawKe
mous orpeperiem, Katas
Baio? MpoGKy 29 ¢ He6o7 atta 28 enya
eaupinerocs oT Nap.
_cTeKaMNiA B KApTep Maca, OTA a oT 1 ae
AMT Gpwctitinoere B Mecte BUIXOLa Bata obecneviIpaeT casoit
xorophit Rowen npeaorspauiery yreeky arena na Kaprepa,
: 31 HeKMONHTS MOCO BOSAYXa, Korma naB-
aeWe B HeM MKe atMociepxoro. B
Kpumike casbauKa (pic. 11) yxpenne-
Ho CtambHioe Kobo 2. OGoiima 4 1 3a-
npecconaititoe B Hee rpacpHrosoe Komb-
uo 3 Bpauiaiores BMecte c BaxoM nox
RelicTsileM TpeHus MexKAY BatoM — Wt
Koxpuom 1 (a3 dpeoHoMacaoctoiiKoit
pesHi!), MaoTHO BCTaBTeHEHIM B OOo;
uy 4. Mpyauna 5 spamaerca smecte
‘© BatoM HM MpwxKHMaer — rpadurosoe
Kombo 3 K NenoqBIXHOMy cTadbHOMY
Kompuy.
Tepmerimzocrs Kaptepa oGecneun-
BaeTeH C ONO CTOPOHB TioTHMIM MpH-
aeranvem MpHtepruix Ha anTe nopepx-
uocreli cratbtioro 2 rpaduronoro 3
koneu, a ¢ Apyroi cropoxst norisne
Mpusieranuem pesinosoro Koma 1K
Baay HK o6ofime 4.
Komnpeccopst ®B-6 mupoxo npume-
HaIOT JIA OXMAKTeHHA NpOBABHOHHEX
KaagoBHx. Ha Gase Toil xe nopulienok
TpYHNLE BuInoAHeHE KOMMpeccops ApyrHX Mapok (cM. Taba, 5).
Komnpeccop ®YY-80P9. Konmpeccop Henpamorounuit ¢ YV-06-
pasubim pacnoroxentem uMAHEAPOB, Duva=101,6 uM, S=70 MM, pa-
Goraer wa xnanoue-12, n= 24e~ (144006/mun), xoxoaonponasoau-
Tenbnocts 1884 KBr (162 ttc, KKaa/t) pH f>—=5°C, ty=35°C. B
Gaox-kaprep 3 (pyc. 12) sanpecconaum wyrynube” unaunaponsie
sryakn 4. Topuni Henpoxormue, Konewiaraii gas apyxkonennsii,
€ Mporusonecamn 7, spamaeten B anyX noaWuMHNKAX KavenuA, Kon
BOMINM pacnoroxeHs nog yraom 180°. Ha Kaxksoi pamozolt weliKe
Bama saKperens YeTLipe iatyHa ByTasposoro cevenun, Hine
TomOBKH WaTyHa pasbeMaNe c BKAAABUAMI, GaIHTEIM GaGOuTOM.
Bepxue ronoBki Hepaswematie ¢ sanpeccovanusimm — GpoHsoBBINn
“BTYAKAMA 0A MaBalomMx cratBAbIx MatbueR, Beacuaouue 5H
Harnerateapnue 6 NonOCTH MAPHLX KMAHHAPOR OOBeAUHeH KaxKIaR
CBOUM KOTeKTOPOM OGe MosOCTH HMeIOT BeTpoeHHEe sanOpHbIe BeH-
Tia. Mexkay warneratenbiioft m BcacsBaloMleli nonoctaMA HaxoauTCA
Mpesoxpanurensuil Knanat. Kaptep ameer mepesiiow 2 1 Be 6oxo-
Bile KpBIUKH. B cBaai ¢ Goslee BHCOKHMM YAeHbIBIM HarpyskaMu Ha
HOAUIMHNKH MpHMeHeHa KOMGHHEPOBAKHAA cMasKa: ulecTepentEii
MacaaHbllt Hacoc J, NpHBOAUMM 60 BpaMleHHe KomeHTaTHIM BaTOM Ye-
pes mectépan, 3aGupaer Macao H3 HWDKHel Yactu Kaprepa yepes plt-
emit ceraatiit duantp f/m nomaeT ero Ha moBepxHocTH KpHBO-
UKM week,
Onuospemento epes guasTp ToHKoH ounerKH 10 no napyrx-
noi tpy6e 8 Macto Moctynaer wa yKymopKy MH cMasuBaHue —Ko-
sen catbunxa 9 Jas peryamposanus 2aBnenus B cMaso¥uoh cucteme
32
Puc
Caapuux © rpagnto.
MeTaaqHNeCKHNH KOMAMI Tpe-
meeten mepenycKiol Kanan, cOpacuinatouuh us6uToK Macna B
xaprep. Octaabubie Tpyuttecs moBepxiocTi cMastinalorea pas6pHa-
rupaniem. Jaz Ha6moxenua sa yponuem Macua wa GoxoBoi Kpuimxe
Kaptepa uMeeTes cMoTpoboe crexao. Macao, mpiiecemtoe x1a2010M.
ug UchapitTeas, creKaeT B KapTep TaK 2Ke, KAK B KOMMpeccope B-6.
Ocuopuoit ocoGennocrsio KoHCTpyKuHH' KOMNpeccopa sBAReTCAR Hi
siusne YcrpoiicTBa Jt aBTOMATHeCKOrO peryapoBaHHA xoTOLONpO-
nanonnteabuoctu. Tax store KoMmpeccop cilaGxen sxexrpoMarniit-
HIM erpolicrsoM, pasMeuleHHbIM B eguIOM KOHCTpyKTHBHOM. yaure
co BCaCHBAIOMNM H HarKeTatenbHEIM KAatlaHaMn (puc. 13). OrBep-
erna 7 Ana Mpoxona Napa xaaxoHa B UMANHAP, KoTOpbie BEINOAHeHEL
» munmApoBolt BTyaAKe 9 (sMoHTHpOBAHHOIL R GxOK-KapTep 8) H CeA-
Je 6 cacbisaiouiero Knanawa, nepexpsinaioten KosbuleBoR mlacTHHoi
1 scacusatouero Knanana. Tlaactita mpwaxuMaetea x cenay 6
mpyanuamn 4, Koropuie ynupaiorea B naTyHlioe KoaBuo-ynop 5.
xopnyce 13 pactonoxeni taxxe naactuubt 12 ceMu uarHerateab-
HMIX KNANaHOB, 0 KOHCTPYKUNM He OTANIaIOMXeR OT paccmorpert
Pue 12 Kownpeccop @YY-80P9
25247 33 Puc, 13, Yerpoficrvo aaz onKIMa veacuIBarouIW KaanaHos KoMmpeceopos ®Y-40PS
@YY-80P9
wuix na pue. 10, Tipm apinxenmm nopima 14 pana naactuna Lf pca-
cHnaiomero Kaanaia fog AelicrBNeM paswocTH ZaBaeHMit noaKIMa-
eren (Bicota noxema 2,8—3,0 mM) m mponycKaer nap 3 o6weli
HonocTH neackinauna KoMmpeccopa B uuEAp. Tp OGpatiom sone
nopuiaa naacrista 11 onyckaeres Ha cei10 6, MoMMHMaLoTeA naa
quiet 12 Harieratennix Kaananos (BHCoTa HoxbeMa 1,1—I,5 mnt)
i Nap BEITaTKHBATesA B KONeHCATOP.
Han naactanoi [1 3 xopnyc 13 Betpoena o6morKa 3, oni KO-
nen KoTopoli Bras B Kopmye, a Apyrofi noxreren K Buinony J, 1130-
‘upopattomy oT Kopnyca Texcro.tTowoli pryaKoh 2. Tomocipttn
Hakonedinkamit aBamorca cranpHbe ayOust 10. Mpw noaave uM
nyasea (ianpmxenne 24 B) B OGmorKe 3 noaHiKa‘T smekTpomar-
HUTHBE CHAS, KOTOPMC RoAMMAloT u MpwHMaloT mnacruny 11K
syuaw 10, Takum oOpaaom ocymectsaneTes OTKmoweHHe TuLANI
pa, Tak Kak Mopilienth He CAMMaeT Nap, a BHlTasKHBAeT ero OGpaTHo
Bo Reacuisaroutyio wonocts. Tipu custi storo Hanpmxenus (i TO-
have Hanpw@kenus pasmarnuunpania 6 B) naactiua 11 onyckaetea
Ha cBoe CeO I NMAUAAP copa BKAONAeTcA B paGoty. TaK peryan-
pyerer XOAoLONPOHaBOAHTe:IBHOCTh — MeTOAOM OTAUIMa BCACKIbaIO~
[dix KaanaHos anexrpomarunrutim yerpolicrsom (PI — B mapKe
KoMmpeccopa pery.iposanue sitextpoMarknTHoe)
Tip orkmoyenmi ognofi maps wHuHIPOR — xoTORONpoSBoxK-
renbilocrs KoMMpeccopo ciixkacTeH 20 75% NoMmmaabso;, Mpit_oT-
Kmosenni Bropoli napsl unamapon — 20 50%, Tperbel — Ao 25%.
Jlaa oGecresesia momo apromativeckoli — pasrpyaKM mycKa
oueKtpoMarimruble Kaanauhl yCTaHOB/eHB Ha BCeX UMAWNApAX Ht
hoaaia Hanpaxkenin 24 B a pce KaTymKn YMenbutaer NO wHiLIMy-
Ma MONEHT CONPOTHBAeNIH MpH MycKe saeKTpoADUratenA H OGecTe-
4
uubaeT MINMMaabHyIO HarpyaKy Ha TOAMMNHUKN KoMMpeccopa, ene
He MoaysnDUNe OGHabHOTO eMasHBAnHs.
B upouecce skenayaranun KoMMpeccopa HeoAHOKpaTio orMeya:
sich caysan MOAOMOK yaaa MarneTatembHoro Kaanaita 12 (cM.
pue. 13), Jam ymeiemelna twKeaux nocaeacTauit Tako HoaOMEH
KoMnpeccop ciiaGakaiot Kaananuol mauTo# isMeneuHoli KOHTpyK-
Wu, B WaCTHOCTH cBepaeHHe HarHeTaTeTbHOTO KAanaHa BbInOAtAOT
He €QHIHBIM, Kak Woxasavo Ha puc. 13, a B Buge MenKUX orBepeTuit,
Dro UcKMOVAeT Monaqanie TONOMAHHEX wacTel KAanaHKoro y3za
B TogocTs umMtapa.
Kosmpeccopsr YY-80P9 1 DY-40P9 nocrpoexst Ha Gase Kos
peccopos YY-80 1 @Y-40 u oranyaiores oT NocteaHNX HaauuHeM
SUCKTPOMATHHTHEIX KTaMaHoB.
Kownpeccopu tuna SMC. [lupoxoe pacnpoctpanientie na cyax
MopcKoro ¢0Ta MOAyaHAH MeTHIPeX-, MfeCTH- H_BOCbMHUNMTHHAPO-
BUe KoMMpeccops zaTcKoll gupmut Tuna SMC-100 (raG.t. 6).
Kommpeccopst HenpaMoTOWine, — HMCIOT CXOAMYIO —KOHCTPYKILHO,
npuicnoco6seist 0H paGoTet wa xaagowe-12, xtafoHe-22 uM aMy
axe,
‘Jaa mpuwepa paccmorpum — mecraunanHApoBsif — xoxmpeccop
SMC6-100 (puc. 14). Kommpeccop W-o6pasumi, ¢ Tpems pacnosto-
DKCHHEIMIE OA YrdOM PsA WILTMHIpOB — NO ABA UNAUHApA B
KaxkOM pany.
AayxkoaeHih Bax KoMnpeccopa coeauHen ¢ 3texrpoasurarene
Kanwopementio nepedavel wan saacrHuHolt coeauHHTebHOH My*tolt.
Ha Kaxsoh melike nana waxoaites no Tp watyHa, Ha 6x0K-Kap-
Tepe umeioren cremunte xpi 3, 6, 14 39. Jlan Kourpoan 3a
ypopiem Macaa creaaxo cmorposoe crexio J8. Bentuas 1 wenoab-
ByeTeA AAA OCyieHHA Kaptepa H AOGabTeHUA Maca B KapTep KoMN-
peccopa. Kpsiuxn unaniapos 14 oxaaxnaiores wosolt, unpkyaupy-
jouelt B nonocTsx 15.
Kaxiauli unuiip HMeer m0 ostomy Bcackinaouemy 36m osto-
My HarderateabuoMy 35 Kaanany. Beacusaioutuit xaafan 36 Koab-
nesoii (aetaa» [ua pyc. 15), Harwerareasmui xnanan 35 tawKe
xoabuesoit, Kaanant: 35 1 36 warpyxxenm seckOabKiMH — JerkHMt
MpykinaM, PachonoxeHHBIMN To OxpyxXKOcTH Knananos. LwuHA-
Pb KOMMpeccopa HMeIOT TOKMEe KpLIKH 34, yepKUBAeMLe —B
HIPKHEM MoTOXeNIH GydepHEIaH npyaunastn 18,
Tip pa6ore saumisib arent BcactiBaeTca B KoMMpeccop yepes
seachiaiomul BeTHas 8, ceTuaTHih qiabTp Ht BCacsIBaloULyIo TO-
socts 10, oGutyio nam Bcex usaneapos. TIpH xoxe HOpWNHA BHHS BCa-
cuaiomiit Kaartast 36 Moauumaerca H mponyckaer areuT B NUAHHAP.
Tipu xoxe mopunis BRepX ucacKIBaIoMMi KAAMAK ONYeKaeTeR HM CHKA-
tolli areltt vepes waruerateabustl Kaanan 35 wATaAKHBaeTeR B 10-
noc nareranua 17, a oTtyia mo tpyGonposory 27 wepes o6myio
narueratenbuyio Tpy6y 24 if ewtian 23 Hanpabasetca B KoHeH-
catop.
Ha nepemuuxe 9 mexay wareraTeuHBIM H BcacuBaromuM Tpy6o-
nponoxami KoMMpeccopa ycraxoasen Npexoxpanurenbuniit KranaH 7.
oa 35 wonatdnvssed 9 yraomucees yrusouonsduax yosoumd
Sn gonsnmgou — Qi "yrwiondas” Ymunouonsuon
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wodosoadunon xMgonoads xwaumdo xiaHHoaio9R010 wmmaoudorNedEX
gemurgey Ta6auna 6
Xaparrepuermuar Kowmpeccopos Tuna SMC dupa . Kownpeccopy (ex.
ra6a. 5) yiiuunposanst mo ulaTyHHo-nopulneBsIM rpyrmax (nop-
mews, Magen M matyx) —M rasopacnpereanrenbusm yerpoficroam
(knaManHble AOCKH, BeachIBaloulHe H HarHeTaTenbHBIe Kanan =H
FonoBKH upaHHApOB).
Ha pac. 18 noxasan Komnpeccop mapxu @FTI-14, uermpexun-
amuapoBsii c KpectoobpasHbim pacnonokenuem wauupos, Daya
50 mm, S=30 wot, n=23,4 c-! (1400 06/munt), xoxononpoussoan-
Temuocte mpit fo=5°C, f.=40°C papa 16,3 KBr (14 tHe. xKas/4),
raGapuTane pasmeps (Mat) 336X336X398. Baok-kaptep I/ mpea:
crapaseT cOGoi oTANEKY 43 amIOMMHHeBO-MarnNesOrO ciitapa, BKAIO-
MAIOULY1O WMAKNAPH, BePxHUi H HIKHHH MOMMMMNNKH 9KCWeHTPHKOBO-
To sana / M MocagouHble Mecta nog craTop smeKrpogsuratena 9.
ApyxsxcuentpnKosnit wat f crambHolt, uementuposannet — uMeeT
Be KopeHHue MORN ulaTyHMyio melKH, Bepxiaa melika nepexo-
TMT B KOHCOMHY!O YaCTs, Ha KOTOpy! WacaxKeH POTOP suIeKTPOABH-
rateaa 1. Ulatynas wefika Basa ypapHoneurena ByMa poTipope-
camu 2 4 3. Tlopuiens 4 craabuoli, no unmHApHIecKoH noBepxnoctit
XPOMHPOBaH AI NOBHUIeHHs HsHOCoycTOiuMBocTH. TlopmeHE coenH-
HeH ¢ wlaTyHoM MOcpeReTBOM CTAMIBHOTO Nambia,
Macso x TpyuluMes ToBepxHocTaM MoxaeTeA cnenyiomwM o6pa-
30m. Uepes piiutp 15 ro ocesomy orsepcrmo pana J Macno WS
KapTepa MlogiluMaeTes Ha ueGombUlyI0 BBICOTY, a satem Hepes paaH-
anbuble oTBepCTHa Hog JelicTaHeM NeHTpOGeXuOll cis, coazatomtell
Hamop, nlojlaeres B apa BeprHKasbHBx Katana 16. To onnOMy 3
KaHaOB MACIO NOAAeTCA AAT CMASNBAHIA 9KCUEMTPHKOB, TO Apy-
Tomy — K KopeHHbim nonWMMANKaM Basa, uMeioMero crupambutie
kanasxy, Kaamanse mitit 14 user orbeperia ¢ KombueBuMH
Cenmann Ada BcaCsIBAWOMINX H HArHeTaTeNbNBIX KJaNaHOD MaacTHH-
yaroro Tata. Tonoski umanyapop, npanan 13 u seBas 5, warotoBme-
Hb Ha AerkOrO cHaana, HMeIOT MepeMEIIKI, PasenioUie nomoCTHL
Beackibailia H Harueranus. FepMernuniii Kopnyc coctouT u3 Bepx-
uel 10 1 wuxxueit 6 acre
Kommpeccop yeraiionzen ByTpH xopnyca Ha npy>KHHNBX nox
Beckax — aMoptu3aTopax (c pesHHOBEIMH eMmpupyloNMMH npoK-
AaxkaMu), OMMpAIOMLNXcA Ha Jams msnKHeM GacTH Kopnyca, B Repx-
Nei yacTH Kopmyca HMeeTCH BEIBOAHAA KOpOGKa. du lll
f 18
i TPP 7 7\
Puc 18. Kownpeccop @PT-14
Tipu paGore Kommpeccopa xonoawsi nap xXnazoua na Henapurens
Nepes ncacuiBaiouluit BeHTHA M natpyGoK 8 nonagaer B Bepxitio10
NosocTs Kophyca, OXAaxAAeT SAeKTPOABHTATeND uw Yepes OTKPLITHIe
mpy6xn 12 scacuipaerea B uNAHHApE KoMnpeccopa. Ha unanHApos
nap uarveraerer 8 oGmuli rayumTens mt tanec vepes HarneraTeab-
Hui atpy6ox 7 u HarweraTenbHBIf BeHTHA — B KOHeHcATOp.
TepMerausocts Kopmyca, Kpetinexne Komnpeccopa ua aMoptusa-
Topax, uaauMe rayWNTers OBecMeMMBaIOT MpakTHeckH GecuyMuyIO
pa6ory Mammu, YTO aBAReTCH HCOGXOAHMBIM KayeCTBOM 2a8 KOMT-
Peccopos, paGoraomlux B oOuTaeMEX noMemenisx. Kpome Toro,
TepMeTHYHBe MaMINHH HagexHB B 9KCMAyaTAuNH, HeBecNKA NO pas
MepaM W Macce, HMeloT Xopoulme sHepreTHueckie moxasaTeAH, Of-
Hako PeMOuTY B cY/OBMX yerOBNAX He NOsIexaT. C TOUKH speHnA
Hosbiulenns MOKasaTeneh peMoHTonpHroxHocTH mepenexTuBHEM cH
‘raetea MenowBsoBaHNe Ha cyAaX SKPAHMpoBaMMUx —repMeTHIHDX
Koumpeccopon PFS, ocsoenibix orevectactitoi mpomuutneroctsio.
Hix oransnteasuoi ‘ocoGennocrsio aBaserca chemist ctaTop 3aeK-
TPouBuTaTens, KoTOpuii BHHeCeH 3 ¢peoHONO!l moxocTH KoMMpec-
copa i OrsedeH OT poropa saektpogBuratenn sKpatom — TOHKOH
HeperopoxKol u3 aernpozaiofl cram, wro OGxer¥aer peMoNT az1eK-
Tpossuratena.
Bee paccmorpexnne mopiunestie KoMMpeccopu aBamoren WenpA-
Morowan. Ha cyiax oresectacnuoit noctpoilxu B Kavecrae KowIT-
Peccopos npoBHSHOHKKIX pedpirkepaTOpUBIX ycTaxOBOK NpuMensioT
TaKXKe MpAMoTOUNEe KoMMpeccophl MapoK B12, @Y2 un xp. (oc-
Hopuble aHubie cM, B TAGs. 5).
a
K nenocrarkam KouerpyKnnn mpamotownEx KoMmpeccopos oTit0-
cured HaTHTNe THKENOTO, CHOXKHOM KOHeTPYKUNK NOpUIN, B KOTO-
pom yeraHonmewm BcacwBaioule eNTOUHBe KnanaHE. Banay Goab-
mol Maccst MoplHa YBeaHYUBaIOTeA CHUB HHept, — yxymuaeTea
Ypapioseuienuocts MauINHE, YoeaNaMBaeTcR Tpenlle, YTO NpenaTcT-
BYeT yBesuueni0 YacTOTM Bpamtenva Bama KoMMpeccopa. Kpome
Oro, KONCTPYKUNA MPEMOTOYHOTO KOMMpeccopa HCKAOYAeT BOsMOX-
HOCTs MpuMeHeHus HanGosee Npocroro cnocoGa peryauposanua mpo-
HABORUTeADHOCTH — OTXUMOM BCACHBAIOMLAX Ku1aTIaHOB.
B Hactommee apes MpoHsnoncTao mpaMoTosHbix
KoumpeccopoB mpexpautexo.
Xonoawsbuste nOpuResute KOMMpeccops KaK Ha cyMaX, TAK H Ha
Gepery aBamoTes OcHOBNLIM OGopyaoBanHeN nA NOAyyEHHA Xoo
B KowliectBe Meee 406 KBr (350 Tic. KKas/¥), TAK KaK He HMeIOT
ceSe panubix mo suepreTHveckiiM XapakrepuctukaMm 8 3Tof oGaactH
Haa cyxopux yeranonok npennourene orxano —_ HenpRMOTOURDIM
KommpeccopaM, NOsBOIMOMHM TIpHoeHeHHe yAOGHOH cucTems pery-
anpobatiust XoulozonpossnoanTersuoctn, Boabuim — xocrunkeHnes
apiaach paspadorKa oTeHecTBeHHEIX KOMMpeccopos, — cHaGrKeNHDIx
OpurHHaabHOi cucTeMoft ateKTpoMarnuTHOTO perysNpOBanA XoM0~
ONpowsBosueTesbHoeTH
B waywno-iccnenopaTembckiIX HHCTHTYTAX H HpoeKTHWX opranusa
uusX MOCTORHHO BeayT PaGoTH No jaNbielluIeMy coBepureHeTsoBA-
vino KOHCTPyKUMi MOpUMMeBEIX KOMMpeccopoR, MO YaeaHueHttIO Hx
HagexHocTH u moropecypca. TInanupyeres Gosiee mpoKoe ncnoab-
sobatile Ama HaTOTOBAeHHA YacTeh KOwMpeccopa gerKUX, —npouHLX
it KOpposwiivto-yerofuMBEX cnaanos, Pacuimpsetcn AManasoH Mpons-
RO|WTEABHOCTH TepMeTHUHBIX HM GeccambunKoBKIX KoMMpeccopon. Pe-
iaerea mpoOema saMelix uyryHHBIX NOPMINeBKIX Kole KOmbUANH
na MaTepHaztos, OGaazaioNIMX ayMIMNMH caoficTBaMH. B wactosutee
apes Yerleuo npouia ucnbiranna TepwocradusNspoBanitad THTb
ebat KoMnosuuna (TY 26-12-428—76) ua ocuose Kanponiosof cMo-
abl, namonuentio rpadutom.
B To 2Ke pea HeycrpaNAMENM ocTaIoTes OGuIKE HeROCTATKHL
HopuIteBEIX KOMMPeCcOpOB: THXOXOAHOCTH H3-3a HasMNIA BoOSsBpaTHO-
HocryMarembHO-ABIKKYMMEXCA YacTell, CAOKHOCT, CBAIAHAR CHa
angie MatyaNo-nopuesow rpynms u Krananos « xp. Yanrawas,
470 BOSMOKHOCTH jaMbueluIerO cyUlectReHHOTO YayuUeHHA KOWCT”
PYKUM MopulesHxX —KOMMpeccopos mocteneHHo — HcuepnbiBaioTes,
ncTaeT saqaua cosqaMiit H BieApeHN Ha cyga KOMMpeccopos, He
Hwcioulnx ux MeroctarKos. K TakHM MoryT OBITS OTHECeHE ToAy4aI0-
ute Bce Gosbuiee pacnpocrpaxexue BiLiToBLIe KOMMpeccopEt.
‘peowone
9. BHHTOBBIE KOMMPECCOPEI
Kaacenuxauus npuntan paGorit, B xopnyce Kosmpeccopa
paswementt mBa potopa-snuta 1 u4 (pic. 19), _npexctanzawo-
coGoh MKTHRAPHYeCKHe KocosyGHe KpynHOMORyABEEIE Urec-
a7 Puc, 19 Bruronol kounpeccop.
4, 6, 8, ¢—nosoMeute suttos, O—pacnonomemme seackpaiuero % narseraremoro oor
TepHH ¢ sy6sanu cneunaasHoro npoduaa, Beaymuit sunt 1, coexu-
HeuMih MygTOl ¢ aneKrponsHrarenem, HMeCT —YeTHIpe BLINYKALX
wupoKHx sy6a. Benomuii sunt 4 — mects TomKux sy6nen. Kaiti
ay6 AenaeT no JHE BULITA MeHEINe ofHOrO BHTKA, Beaymnil BHT
HMeet Gdabmyi0 YacroTy BpamenHs, vem nenoME (HaH6omee YacTO
MpuMensior nepeqatowoe wHeMO 3:2, OsMOKHH Hu ApyrHe BApHal-
Tht). OGopors KoMmpeccopa NPHHATO cuHTATE TIO BeAyIeMy portopy.
B sapnicuoctu or cnoco6a nepeaain npauenin or nenyiero
BUHTA K BELOMOMY KOMMpeccoph GuiBalOT ABYX THNOB:
1) ¢ cunxponusupyioumen mecrepaamst (noKasan na puc. 19).
TWecrepuu 2x 3 nepenaior spamenne or venyiuero BHHTa I K BELO.
Momy 4 H HCKA0YalOT B3aHMHOe KacaHHe noBepxHocreft BHHTOB.
Mlecrepna nezomoro nasa 3 uMeet coorsercTReHHO MepenaroMHoMy.
wucay Gombumit AMaMeTp;
2) © Menocpenctsentibim sauenieHuem BHHTOD (6e3 cHUXpoHUsH-
pyromunx urecteper).
B coppemenituix KoreTpyKusiax mopeKnx Kosmpeccopos npexno¥-
‘TenHe OTMaHO BrOpoMy BapuanTy. PaccMorpuM mpHuuun peficTBHA
BHHTOBOTO KOMMpeccopa: MPH BpaMenHH BHHTOB Ha cTOpoHe BuIXOLA
ayOben H3 gaulennenHa MocteneHto, HawHHad oT mepemuero Topua
BHHTOB, OcpoGoxKAAIOTeR Bag MexAY syOeAMn. Bauay Toro TO
48
sanenaenne syOsen 8 mpouecce Bpamlenus nepensuraetes ot cropo-
HM BCACHIBAHKA B CTOpOHy HarHeTaHus, OObeM Bnaqun yBeruunBa-
ees, a AaBAeHHe B HHX cHUAKaeTeR, NEM CosMaIOTeR YeioBHA aH
Beackibalilia Hapa areiTa M3 HOTOCTH BeachBAHHA KoMNpeccopa Ye-
pes oxuo 5 (ua pyc, 19, 0 samrpuxopatio), pacnomoxeHoe B me-
Pemtieli xpuilKe Kopnyca KoMmpeccopa. B Tor MoMeHT, Kora Bila-
AMIEL OCBOGOAATE ia NPOTHBONOAOKKOM KoHUe BHHTOR oT 3anoZ
MMONUX HX ayGseR, OOBEM HX jOCTHTAeT MaKCUMAZbHOM BeAHUIHBL.
Tlocae mepecevenus’ Kpomox oxHa Bcacupanus 5 oOneMM areHTa, OF-
PaHnuenHble NoBepXHOCTAMH BHHTOB H KOpNYca, yake pasbeauHNANce
¢ KaMepoll BcacuibaHiis, HO elle He coeAHiHaHCh ¢ KaMepoi Harue-
‘Tauus, OKHO 6 KOTOpOH HaxOAUTCA B BepxHeH YaCTH TOPUEBOA KpBIUI-
Ki KOMMpeccopa 0 Apyryio cropony uNTOB (MoKasaHO —nyAKrH-
pom). Ilo mepe uxoqa ayGa a2 Bexomoro potopa Bo BnanuHy Az
Remyiuero BiilTa OGbeM STOH Basu, SanOAHEHHOK napoM, YMeHs-
uiaeren — npoucxoaut cxkatHe napa. 3atem sy6 6; Benymtero BHHTA
HatiuHaeT exoquTh 80 BhagMuy 5; BenoMOro BHlITa, WTO BBSHBaeT
Goaee uurencusuoe cxaTue, B naasueluiem OGneM BhamuH OT MecTa
salienaeius 20 aaquell Topuesoh KpEIMKH Kopnyca yMeNbuaeTen —
lap CXHMAeTCH, a OGLeM Biamuii oT sauleneHs jo nepesuel
KPBIIKA pH 9TOM yBenuYuBAeTeR — MpoHeXORNT BeachIBaltHe Mapa.
Tiponece cikaTua napa B oTce¥eHHOf MoAOCTH poLOMXaeTeA 0 Tex
Hop, Moka B Mpoulecce MOBOPOTa BHHITOB BNAAMHM BeAyULerO H BeNO-
Moro BIHTOR He AocTurHyT OKHa HarKetanus 6. Torta nap arewTa
BHTAIKUBAeTCA B NOMOCTh HArHeTAHHA H OTTYAA B KOHAeHCATOP. Stor
Moment na9 noaoctefi E2 n Ay noxasax Ha pic. 19, 2.
Takum oGpasoM, ocyilecTeamioTes mpoueccs! ‘BcackiBaNs, caKa-
THs H HarHeTaHHs, | auasOrHuuBIe Tem Xe MpoueccaM B MOpUIeBKIX
KOMMpeccopax, o/tHakO B BUHITOBBIX KOMMPeCcopax GuaroLapA oT-
CYTCTBINO BosBpaTHO-NOcTyNaTeABHO-ABIKYULNXCA acre YaaeTeA
PeSKO MOBKICHTS WactOTY BpalleHNa Dana H HoAyWNTs — Gaaronapa
STOMY He TOMBKO cyUlecrBeHHBI BHMTpHI B raGapHTAX, HO H NpaK-
THNECKH HenpepHBHyIO noxayy. Tlopuresoh Kowmpeccop Gaaronaps
cBOUM paGONHM KAANaKaM aBTOMATHHeCKH MpHeMocoGaReTeA K daK-
THHECKOMY MpOTHBOAABAeHiIC, GaHSKOMY NO BEANE K AaB.eNHIO
xousencaut, B orsHuHe OT Hero BuNTOBOR KoMpeccop HMeeT tte~
HGMeHHY!O TeoMeTpHeckyio CTeMeNb BHYTPeHHeTO CHaTHS, KOTOPAR
pabiia OTHoMeHHIO OSKeMOB HloAOCTH BNAAMKB! B HayaNe CKATHA, 1
Np AOCTHXKeHKH OKHA HarHeTanHa (T. e, KOULE CKATHA) mt SaBuCHT
TOAbKO OT OpMBI OKHA HarHeranua. Ecau RasseHHe puyTpeHHero
OKATHA BHUIe AABAEHHA B KOHMeHCaTOpe, IPH BHTAAKUBAHHK Npo-
HcXOMUT paculupeHHe Napa aretira Hu nafeHile rapes, ECM HH
xe — bileulHee AOKATHE areHTa B KaMepe HarHeTaHua HM TpyGompo-
Bone.
OntuMansunma yenonusm paGors Teoperuueckn sBasoTcH Ta-
Kile, MPH KOTOPHIX JaBseHite HarHeTaNNs KOMMpeccopa paBHO AaBie-
HINO KOHN cxaTHS, BUHTOBHe KOMMpeccopM B 3aDKCHMOCTH OT Ha-
sHavellua MOTYT HMeTb cienylouLyi reoMeTpHYeCKyIo cTemeHS ca
THs: cpemHereMmepatypuble, paGoraioume Ha amaMmake, xnazone-12
49 4 xaanoue-22 — 4,0; paGoraiomme B pexkume KonaMuHonnponanus
BOsAYXa Ha Xnaqone-12 u xanone-22 — 2,6; paGoraioutwe Ha Xaa-
one-22 mpi fy oT —30° no —45°C ut fy 0 49°C — 7.
Koncrpykrusiaa ocoGentocTh BHNTOBBX KOMMpeccopon — Mase
sazopet. Topuesoi sagop co cropous HarHerania panei 0,1 MM, co
cropous scaceisanit — 0,5 MM, sagop Mex ay poTopom Hm tH
pileckofi Yactbio Kopnyca — 0,1+0,25 mm. Veranosountiti sasop
B MOAWINMNUKAX CKOABAeHKA TexHT B Mpeerax — 0,05—0,095 ww
(scerna Menbine MHHHManbHOTO 3a30pa MexAY poTopom H Kopmy-
com). Uem mexbue 3230p, Tem GaiwKe sHavenie qelictaurexHol
XOMOJONPONIBOAUTEADHOCTH K TeOpeTHYECKO!, HO H TEM AOpO%Ke O6-
XoguTes uaroToBaeHHe KoMMpeccopa.
Tlo npiniiny CKaTHA BILITOBKIE KOMMpeccopH HMeIOT ABE MO;H-
duxaunu: nepsas — cxKaTHn mM BTOpa — ¢ BIIPHICKOM
Macaia_B paGouyio nodocTs. OXAaK/leHHe BHKTOBLX KOMMpeccopos,
CKATHA OGectesMBaeTeA MPHHYANTE:BHBIM BOSAYUIKEIM OX-
AOKACHHEM HN MUPKYARUWeH OXTAIKAAIOMeTO Macta MAH BOA —B
pyGaimsax Kopnyca HB Nloabx poTopax. Coupemennbie KoucTpyKiMn
BHHTOBBIX KOMMPeCCopoB MIperycMaTpHBaIOT BUPHICK Macca B paGo-
uyio WoxocTs KOMmpeccopa, TakHe Kommpeccopa Hasbinaior macao-
santoaeniuimu. Ip stom Macno oGecnlewBacr caeayiouiee: cMaab-
Rane OGKATHBAIOMMUXeH Npopu.tel ayOKeB poTopos; ynuoTHeHHe 3a-
20pon Mexkay poTopamu H KOpnycow mM Mexkay — O6OMMI poropaxn
(caexovateabHo, pu tof xe neaMMNe aaz0pon noBMMaeTeH KO-
SdduienT noaaut); oreo YaCTH TenOTM CKATHS, HeOGXOAHMOCTS
BYeM BOSMMKAET B CBASH C MPHMEHEHHEM B BIATOBLIX KOMMpeccopax
XOAOMMAHBX ATeHTOB, HMEIOULHX BEICOKYIO TeMmepaTypy KoHHa ciKa-
‘Tia (nanpumep R22); yMenburente ypoBas wyya.
Komnpeccop $3-900. B xavectae mpunepa paccmorpun Kontet-
pykuiio 1 padoty BitTosoro Kommpeccopa $3-900 npousaoacrna
sazoxa (PIP). Becs pia xonpeccopos tana S3
(cst. Ta6a, 8) Mpuemoco6aen aati paGorsk ta R12, Ru R717 (an-
auaxe)
Kopnyc xomnpeccopa (pic. 20, a) sainonnen 3 uyryHa uw coc-
‘TOUT H3 Tpex cexwwHi: BcactiBants 14, poropos 13 u uarmeranun 12.
Poropst seayumi 6 w exombit 7 wsroosaenbt HS yraepoaucroii
Ta6auna 8
Xapaurepucriin aimtrosux KoMnpeccopos THna SS
T
Inorpesane-| jina~ Jortouenue| Macca
Xonoronponisoniensnoctn BT
(es Ha), pM em i
¢ a8)
Mapua wore st won | erp [auswerps | sutvonaro
soupeccopa out. |POFOBS| “poropd | erperara,
me De ‘ont, BT
$3-150 56 1,10 | 1700
$3.90 98 110 | 3000
$3-1800 192 Lar | 5800
83-2500 290 165 | 6100
50
cramt, Ha rosoxax syGbes poropos (puc. 20, 6) cnenare yskne
YIOTHHTeMHEIe KPOMKH, BO BNasuHaX BesyuLero PoTopa 6 nperye~
Morpettst coorserctayloulne KaHapKn. Stim JocTuraereH aysulee yu-
jorienme Mexkly potopasm m Kopnycom. Kpome Toro, » cnyuae co-
MpHKocHoveitin poropa co creHKofl Kopnyca moBMUIeHHOMY HaHocy
Togneprnyrea B ocHoBiioM yaKHe ynaoTHuTenbuble KpoMKN. Beacni-
sawoutee oxo A, B, B, I, 2, E, JK pasmemeno nave vem wa prc. 19,
Tak Kak B paccMarpiwaemoM KOWMpeccope poTopH BpaulaioTcR B
oGpatHom Kanpaasenus, Poropst Bpamawoter 8 nonuuinnnKax
eKoabsKenia 8 (cM. pic. 20, a), cocTosmHx us cTaxbuofi onopHOi
BIYAKH H GaG6uTOBOTO BKAAAMIIA, OceBbIE YeuANA, BOSHAKAIOMNe B
poTopax B peaysbrare coKaTHA Mapa, BOCHPHAUMAIOT cABOCHHMe pa-
auasbHO-Ynopuble wapuxonoaMuMNMKH 11 (cM. pc. 20, a Ha), Ye~
Tanonmentbe co cTopous HarieraTerbHof cexunH, ax Toro aToOs
TouHocTbIO HeKMOTAT, Paguanbiylo Harpysky Ha wapHKonomMMTEH-
Ki, MocseanHe yeratopzem B oflopHoh BryKe 10 c sasopom, pap-
HUM 3a30py B NOAUIUMINKAX cKosBKeHHS, B NecTe BEIXOLa BeAy-
mero poropa u3 Kopmyca mpeayemorpexo ynaoruenne 2 (cm. pic.
20, a). Ono mpegctasaser coGok rpymylocr napy HemogEiKHoro
T-o6pasnoro cranbuoro 18 u vpatkawuleroes c waiiom yrombnoro 17
Kose, Vronbioe KOAbMO TpHHMAeTER K CTAALHOMY KOMBUY K:THIHO-
BUAKLIM. KOmbUOM 16 ua monMTeTpadropstitena, a KoTOPCe — Co
cropoHti Kommpeccopa zapniT npy:kuHa, OnuoBpemenHo 370 KOMbUO
Hekmiowaet yreuKu Boab Bana poTopa
Beayutni 1 BexoMBii PoTopst KOMMpeccopa HaxoaRTcA B Wenoc-
peneraeiiiiom sauenmenun, B Mpouecce paGoTH ocymecrBaxeTcA He-
Mpephinituifi BHpuCK Maca p padowyi movOCTs. Sasox BhinycKaeT
KoMMpeccopul ¢ TeoMerpHYecKoh crentenmio cKaTHA 2,6; 3,6 u 4,8.
Tlonayy macna an cMasbipanua pyuuuxes —yactel Kommpeccopa
oGecneyupaet wecTepeHii Nacoc ¢ ABTOHOMHBIM. 9aeKTpomBHTa~
FeneM NOL anJediieNt, NpenMMarOULNN jLaBAeHHE CKATHA Ha 0,05:
0,3 Mia (0,5+3 xrc/em?). Macao no Tpy6xe 15 (cs. pic. 20, a
HM 6) MlOABOANTCA B CeKWINO BeACBANS, TAe cHawata cMasKiBaeT
ynuortenis nana 2, aaTeM MpOXOLWT K NOAMNNHNKaM cKomDAKCHHA
‘o6oux poTopos BcacuBaromelt cropoxti. Tlorepas wacry cRoero AaB-
Aen, MACHO Yepes 8as0pH B NOMMINNAMKAX eTeKaeT B MONOCTH
BeacuibaHua, ne cMelNBaeTeA Co BCacbiBAeMBIM Tapom areniTa.
Onuonpemesio macao oT Hacoca mo TpyGxe 24 (crt. pic. 20, @)
hogaeren B CeKUMO WarneTaHHa Ha cMasKiBaHNe MONWUNHHKOR
cKoabKeHUA OGonX poTopoR u Aas BosjelicTBHA Ha pasrpysounBti
Topulen 9, npowno nocaxeHueii Ha Baa Beayulero poropa. Kamepu
3a pasrpysoulbiM nopuiiem 9 u MOAUUNHNKAMH cKomDXeNNA, THe
Paswemteri 1 cMagbina‘oTes ynopuble wapHKonoAwunANKH I7, cosa
Saute! BHIeMIITIM CoemUHITeNDHBIM TPyGonpoBOTON 25 (cm. puc. 20,6)
¢ CeKuHeli BCACHDAHH H COOTBETCTHEHHO HaxoRATCH Mo AABseHHEN,
KoTopoe mlowTH cooTBercrayer AabeHMio BachiBanns. ToxanHoe nO
npy6xe [ Macao cavana nonaiaer B KaMepy 3 pacnonoxkentoro
Teper BrYuKoll MomwnMuKa BeoMoro poTopa, cMeMlBaeTeR C Mac
ZIOM, CTeNalOMLIM Yepes SaLOPH B MOAUINTUNKAX cKOATEKeHUA CeKINIE
st \
|
{
Puc 20 Kounpec
5 — pacnonoxeae
BCaCHBaHUA, H MOcTynaer B NonocTb sonoTHHKA 5 (cm. puc. 20, a x
8), yaepxuBaemoro ctepxnem 4 BHYTpH BegoMoro poTopa. 3omoT-
unxy 5 (cm. puc. 20, 6) mpHaana Taxan opma, yTo6u B npouecce
spaillewHs poTopa panvaaEMe orsepeTa 19 OTKPHBaIHcE Ana BE
Xa Macda TOMDKO NOCHE BaBeplicHHA NpoKecca BcacHBAHus, T.
Korga Biania Y>Ke He cBssaHa Cc MosocTbo BcachBaNus, Haxons-
meecd NOX 1aBeHHeM BCaChBaHHs Maco H BhinapuBaloulHiica xa,
areuT HampaBrsoTeA BO BNaLMUE PoTOPOS.
Or Hacoca Macao nogaetca no Tpy6Ke 23 B ceKuMO poTopoB (cM.
pu. 20, 6) aan BMpHcKa Yepes oraeperua 20 H 22 (cm. puc. 20, 6)
BO BAMHI, OTCeIeHHBIe OT KaMephi BcacbiBanHs. Ito Macao obec-
HewHBaeT OxAaxjerlHe BHHTOB M KOpnyca, cMasbibaHue BUHTOR, yn-
MOTHeHHe 3a30poB Ht yMeHbieHHe myma, B macaooTxeautene, ycra-
HOBMeHHOM 932 KOMMpeCcopoM, MACHO OTfeaseTea OT Napa areHta n
crekaeT B pecHBep, pactonor%eHHbi To MacmooTmemHTerem (Ha
pie, He moKasansi). H3-pecupepa acto npoxoaur dutsTp u nox-
ere MacasisIM HACocOM B MaciooxsaguTess, a aateM Nepea uTETP
cuoBa B Kowupeccop. Temepatypa Bxofsullero B KONpeccop Maca
ve JowkHa mpesuimars 55°C. Ilia cMasnipanis KoMmpeccopos mps-
Mexsiot macto R22 XA-30 POCT 5546-66 u RI2 Xo-12-18.
Pasrpysountit nopuex 9 (ca. pyc. 20, 6), Kak oTMeTamocE,
CAYAKUT AIK CHINKEHHA OCeBLIX YcHJNi Ha paxuameHo-ynopue ima-
puKononmunnuxn 17 Bexymero potopa. Ha Benombii porop Bosrcit-
cTByIOT MeHbUIHe OceBLIe yenana. Tlopuiens uMeet aa6upunroBnie
YNIOTHeHHS B BIIAe KOABILEBLIX BHITONeK, He MoMHOCTEIO UCKOTAIO-
wax Nepetekanme Macaa. Co cTOpoHsi NOAWUNHHKOB ckomDxKeHnA 8
25
i
SRA
Patia on wacoce
cop ta $3
1M macaatoro soxomiua, @ — cxewa ApIOCeIUR acts » KowRpeccope
53. 1 Bexod oma
_maeanipe
at
Puc, 21. Yerpoiterno
paeaentos Aas peryapoattin xoroxonpoKsnoaurestoer B KOMMpecCo-
ua nlopinen 9 2a
te apes 9 xanmr sexo PucoKoro aantenis, coonasaenoe a-
ble HoxoCTH), co cropoxt 1
Gocon (savenn POHL urapHKonOAUMMHKoD
‘O4 RaBAeHHEM BCActBAIL (
! 10 1104 ormeeno rouxawn). 3
PaaHocts xapnenuit cosaaer yeu ae
Yolltite wa neaywest poro}
Heri Haruerarenbuoh cropots, ‘ sites ecenony ens
; , poripoxelictay ion :
Jo, BosHiKaIoMleMy npn exaran Hapa. aaa
eas
sank? NeTPYRIIE NONEPeScOpa npeayeaxpiaer naaBHOe pery.anpo-
103 isBoquTempHocTH OT 100% mpm 10 10%
sae x : pUMepHO 10 10%. Oc-
Nonilag eva Yada peryauponailin nponssoatiTessiiocmit — peryan.
Pylouure canaokn 1 (puic. 21) (a pic. 20, 0. canaaei oGosiiave-
ku 21), Koropwe anamores cocrasiion wactoro Kopiyea. Lima
W1ag0K MeHbIe ANNA poTopos. Tlepememene peryaipyiouie
Ha3oK ocyittecraaneres rhapaba Efe oppress
: MApaBanueckoi cuctemoll, B
Ant oveasibiit abtonomanst roHtacoc, Witap
mecrepennbit sac
gar onsen D caloHacos, WutamTp
pic. 21), mopuiers 10, coeaunenuit m
7 {Co pie, 21), mo , ii mtoKom 4 ¢ camaaKamn
y iM, SamoMHeMMIKe Macclom TOM IKE
sbinatomas cucresta. Tipit no, {no TpyGe 8» ae:
; f M MOAave Macaa Hacocom no tpy6:
Bylo NogoeTS wiaNRapa nopureH ppeunemmaes
cu ib 1H canaakn 1 nepemema
Bipano, B nanpanaemun ceh : row nOKpMBae.
: KUUK HarHeranun, TIpu sto:
Man canaaKamn appextnbuas ju (ua pie 21 cbosns,
bila AaKHa poropos (Ha pyc. 21
wena 1) ywexwuraetes, yp 2 erases
, YBeauunbaerea OKO 12, Heped Ki
hapa, tionaputero Bo ‘siraguit acuivanun, Caltacnpy,
, i u3 MoaoctH Bcacubanus, Cath
eter ‘ctiona » nonocTs neact m3 npasoll ne:
» BeackiBanna, Tp stom wacto 1
HOCTH uHAMHApA HoayTaer BOSMON: polerensenetenes
aya WOCTS eBOGOANOTO cTexKal
apy6y 5 » wucrepuy. [aa ys TeabHoeri
y . Dam yeeanienna xoaozonpousbo.uite
Kommpeccopa macto eneayer nari ere aa
I arHeTaTh B mpanyro mosoc
pa. Tlocrynatempitoe nepemen i ox peapa:
MeMlelHe peryaupyioulHx canasox IpeDpa
aeren 0 upaitareabioeanincene nocpescroow expy‘eione ¢
pile WaroM cTepikiin 6 npsMOYronpiloro covet,
0 : oe tit ABYX nas
PassenbHsx wummapuyecKnx uruptos 11 B urToKe 4, Bpauterer,
54 ~
z
= Hoe ABIXKeHHe Yepes cooTBeTeTRYIOUINE coeAMUNTENBHEe s1eMeHTLI
nepegaeres Ha w3Meputembubi noTeHuOMeTp 9. tor npuGop TOK:
SHIBACT TOMONKeNIHe CATAIOK H ABARCTCH YaCTHIO cIICTeMbI aBTOMATH-
Heckoro peryapoparitst XOmOAONpOHSROAUTeNHOCTH, CHAGACH KO-
HOMHBIMH BUIKTOUATeAAIME sam cHrHaNI3ANIL
Hanpanzeiie nogaim macia p aianuap 7 perysmpyeres sosor-
nuxoptia yerpoiierpos (ia pic. 27 He floxasano). Hacoc cuctemst pe-
rysnposaiiia pa6oraer uenpepuatio. Tip orcyrersin nMmyasca Ha
HaMeHeHHe XonosoNpoUsBoANTeMbHOCTH KOMMpeccopa SOMOTHNK Na-
xogiiTen B cpeasiem miovioxkenut, a noputens 10 nenoasinxex. Tpu
aTOM macsio OT Hacoca, Mpojian coOTHeTCTByIONINe KaKaNbL sox0THH
Ka, camBaerca o6parHO o macasnyio nuctepHy. Hamenenne mpoxs80-
dulreNbHOCTH ocymMecTBnReTcA MOAauel HANPAHKEHTIA Ha comeHOuAM,
oGecremmBaromie MepeseutenHe soaoTHHKA B TY AN UHYIO cToponY.
Tipu stow maezo MogacTen B cooTReTCTAYIOMIy! NomocTD WIANNApA
i TlepeMemaet TopuieHb, a BMecTe ¢ HN H peryampylonue canaz-
xu, Kosnpeccop BkmowaeTca mp wunti«adHolt mporasoaiTenbHO-
crit, Tpu cGopke Kommpeccopa moaoxKeHte caiiazox peryanpyior yc~
ranosounum duiamuen 2c cyxapem 3. Tporats dane B npouecce
akcnayaTauun sanpeutaetes.
Tip paGore suntonoit KoMnpeccop BcachBaeT nap areHTa 113 He~
Haputesta Hepes BeacLiBaioutuit aanopitiil BexTHAs, HeBosBparTuBi
kaanan 1 ceTuatuit diltsTp (Ha pic. 27 He noKasaxo), Hesosnpatuni
Kaatlan npexorspaulact xBWxeHHe Hapa 13 KosMpeccopa oGpaTHO RO
neacuusaiounii tpy6onpowoa Hocxe ero ocraHonKil. Kommpeccop 1a-
Tueraer Maps Koligeticarop wepes MacaoormeniTers, HesosspariEll
Kaanan i Harnerateabibiit aanopubifl newticib, Hesossparieiit Kaa
Taw Ha CTopoxe HarHeranua MeKOYAET jBINKEHHe — XoOAMAIHHOTO
arelita 13 KOHAeHCaTOpA B Mac:tOOTXe-MITeND.
Tnpoxoe pacnpoctpaueute xa pedpirkepatopupix cysax (‘ppyk-
ronosax Tana um Ap.) Moay'iit BuHTOBOl KoMMpeccop urBeX-
cxoi gupmu «Cran» mapxn S54, Kommpeccop padoraer Ha x.1a20-
ne-22, np n=c-! (2950 oG/auit), OHH uteror —xoslononponanoAH-
reabtocts 7094 KBr (610 thc. ct. KKaa/) Kaxkyetlt mpm fy = 5°C
i te = 35°C, To Konerpyxumm 1 MpuNiy pa6oTH 9TH Koxmpeccopm
Majo otawuaioTes oF paceMorpentoro
Vis santosux Kosmpeccopon orevecrseunoro nponssoscrsa ita
eynax npnxeumor Konmpeccop 5BX/350, Koropulli padoraer a x1a20-
ne-22, B Koxmpeccope ocyulectaacx BIpHCK Maca B paGouyio No-
slocrb, yacrora ppaulenus ero n=49 ct (2040 o6/wuu). Teomerpu-
ueckas crenenb cxatun — 5. Kowerpyxumtef Kownpeccopa npeay.
cmorperto riapioe perysauponanme —xomORoMporisBOANTeABHOCTH OF
100% x0 mpumepno 10% (ocraapume qannbe npuserenst » § 25).
Buuirosuie KOMIPECCOPH cOBPeMEHHHIX KOHETPYKUMi paboraior
co Bnpuickom Maca B paGouyio mosocts. B Hactomuee BpeMa 970
HanGonee pacnpoctpaneniisii cnocoS nosaWeHNA — sKoHOMMUHOCTH
BUNTOBHIX KOMMpeccopoR 3a cHeT yrOTHeHHT 3as0poB. OaHaKo B
atom ciyyae YenorxksneTen cMasONNaK citcTeMa, NomBAReTCA Heo6xo-
AuimocTh B MacaootnenHTese, MacstooxsaguTene H APyToM o6Op:
55 AoBAKHH, MOBLMAIOMLeM CTONMOCTS HSroToBAEHIA
Macy u pasepui yeraHoBin,
Henares nonwrxn naira Gonee npocrue pemenit BMecto
OGHASHOH NOAA Macta MOKpwaaTs conpmKeHMMe poropll MH BHyT.
estuiow nosepxHocr® nososattontenuoro Koplyea” Teme Cacw
SaacTHHOTO H UsHOCocrofiKOrO MatepHasa. HaaMuNe TaKoro NOKpLt.
THA nOssonHAO 611 OGpaGariBat poTopid c GoaLuM ZOMYCKO
3B 0 2ke BpeMA YMeIILUIHTH aaaopH D KoMpeccope. . Tipenaracten
Tawke MoAaBATH JIA YRIOTHCMTHR 9as0pON TYCTOR cMaDOwll Mare:
Buurosle KoMnpeccopnt oGnanaior rakuMH gocToHHcTnaMH, Kak
HaxexHOCTS, LOATOBeYHOCTS, GEICTPOXOAHOCTS, OGYenOBAUBAIOUIas Mae
ayo Maccy H ra6apuTt KoMMpeccopa, Masioe H3MeHeHHe K. M1. x. KOMI.
Peccopa Ip INpOKOM HsMelteHHH crenenn cxaTHs u Ap. BuuTosLie
KoMmpeccopss, puMensemBe Ha pedpiaxepatopatx Hn _pHGoaoDNBlX
CYAax, uMeIoT xoaoRoNponsBoaTemDHoeTs oT 200 0 1800 xBr. (
uoM.arperare). B Gyayulem mpi costatinm cORepmeHMBIX KONCT-
Pykuni BHHTOBEIX KoMMpeccopos MenbILIe NpoHIBORUTeADHOCTH OG-
Hacth Ux nenoabs0BaHHA GyzeT pacumpstEes. OS
H yBenuunearouren
TuIABA IV
PABOUHE MPOWECCH! B MOPLIHEBOM KOMMPECCOPE,
BAMAHHE TEMMEPATYPHBIX YCOBHA WMKIIA
HA XOJIOMONPOHSBOAMTEJIBHOCTb
10, TEOPETHYECKAA H JEACTBHTESIBHAA HHJLHKATOPHBIE
TQMATPAMMBI KOMIPECCOPA
Ha puc, 22 gaua reoperuueckad MHAMKaTOpHan —AHarpaMMa
nopurmesoro Komnpeccopa. JIunvefi 4—/ noxasaHo BeachiBanHe napa
MIpH MOCTOAHHOM AaBIeHIH Po, THAME 1—2 — annaGaTHYeCKOe CxKA-
tue, amet 2—3 — pwraakupanne napa npu MoctoRHHOM xaBze-
Hit py. B paccmarpimaemom KoMmpeccope orcyTeTsyeT BpeAHoe Mpo-
cTpalicrBo, nosTomy annua 3—4 copnagaet c OcbiO OpauHaT, T.e. B
esol MepTBof TOUKe aBACHHe MrHOBeHHO HMeHRETCH OT Px LO Po.
PaGora Kowmpeccopa coorsercrayer momar auarpaman /—2—
3-4-1.
Teficranteasuan pa6ota Kommpeccopa conposoxnaetes oGbeM-
HBIMIL H SHepreTHteckHMH noTepaMH.
Oswemibie norepx MpHBOAAT K TOMY, TO AHI YaCTh OGvENA LH
auiipa Henlombayeten AIA BCAcKBANNA Napa H3 Henapwreas, — a
siepreTiteckHe MoTepu yBeaNuuBa‘oT paGoTy, satpayMBaemyio Ha
ocyilecTaeHMe Mpoueccos BcackiBalMs, CKATHR H BLTAAKuBANNA
Tapa XosloqHsbHOTO areHiTa.
Ha pnc, 23 nokasawa jlelicrsitensHaa mumuKaTopHas AMarpayaa
komnpeccopa, Kora moputetth waxoauten » MepTBoi TOHKe, cooTBeT-
crsyiomeli KOHNY BuTaaKHBaHHs (TONKA 3), MeKAY HUM H KPBIIKO
uiiaNnApa octaéres HeKoTopoe apestioe mpoctpancrso Vc. Tipu 06-
pariiom Xoxe MOpUIA NpoHcxoANT pacilMpeue CxXaTOTO BO BPeAKOM
Mpoctpancrse napa no nosntpone 3—4, [pu KopotKux BeacstBa‘o-
lem HU HarlieTaTembuoM TpyGompososax MO2XKHO MpeHeOpeyb TaeHH-
eM qanaeniia B HNX H CHHTATS BeMMUMILL 2aBzeHAi B-TpyGonpoRoAAx
Henlocpeactsenlo Y KOMMpeccopa paBHbiMil: Ha cTopone BeaciiBannA
Po, a Ha cTopone MarHeTaHHA px. Kaanausi gelictsureabHoro KoMT~
Peccopa OTKPHIBAIOTCA HM 3aKPHBAIOTCA TOA MeliCTBeM paskocT#
LaBAeHHA B UMAMILIpe H TpyGompoBomax, MOSTOMY AWK OTKPHITHA BCa-
cuBaIoUlero KuanaHa HeOOXOAHMO, YTOGH PacMupeHHe Napa HS Bpen-
MOTO Mpocrpasicraa He saKaHNHBatOcy pH AaBeNHH Po, ANpOROMKA-
Foch 20 Goxee HHsKOTO AaBaeHHa, [IpH AaBAeHNH, XAapakTepHayemom
TouKoll 4, Kana OTKPHBAeTCH H NPOMCXOAUT Mpolece BCACKIBANA
4-1.
Beuny wensGexioro conpoTHBAeHHt Bo BCactBaIoMeM Kaanane
AapneHHe napa B uHAMAApe B Mpollecce ReacBaHHA HWXKE aBEHUA
Po B ucnapurere Ha neAmMYHHY Apc. FIpH o6parwom xone nopmia
BCNeACTAHE MOBLIMICHHA AaBeHHA B MKIHHApe BCacuBaoMuf KIa-
nan saxpupacres (rouxa /’), mB WKLIHHAPe MpouexoANT cxKaTHE NO
nioaurpone J—~2. B rouxe 2 mpu gaazenin Gomee BstcoKoM, —yeM
87 4
Teopermeckan nn Puc, 28. Jlefernsre
cpa ipeccopz Hag AWarpamMa Kommpeccopa °
AanslCHNe Px B KOHAeHCATOpe, OTKpoeTe HarneTaTemuHUh Kana
No anni 2—3 npousohaer puratkusanne napa B KowseHcatop. Tipit
9TOM 113-32 CONPOTHBAeHHA B HarHeTaTeNbUOM KIanaNe maBreHHe
Harueraiua Ha Beanuiny Apy Ooapite naBneHHa py B rouKe 3” wa-
Tieratemuutli Kaanan saKpwioaerea, HB WWAMHAPe cHoBa Mpoucxo-
JuIT pacumpeniie mapa us Bpeaworo npocrpaucrsa, Beam Apse
H Apa wassipatorea enpecciielt npn Beachisannn 1 naruerasn:
Apa: aocturaer 0,03+-0,05 MHa~ (0,3+0,5 xrc/es), Ap, — 20
0,1 Mila (1 krefen?). . 7 APF
Ha amarpaaMe pinto, ro» navane mpoweccos scacunanus 1
warnerauta xenpeccun Ap Goubule, Tak Kak IK OTKPHTHA xanana
HeoGXo.tHMO MpeoxosteTs nepiiio’ ero Maacriit mn HaTHKCUNe Npy-
2kUNM. SanrrpHXORANHE NaoMAAH MoKaaKIBAIOT —MOTepIO stLepLint
H3-3a Aempecenn mpu acacwinannn w narweramn.
11, OBbEMHBIE H SHEPFETHYECKHE NOTEPH B KOMMPECCOPE.
OGvemmue norepx. H3-sa wasuunsa wpexHoro npocrpancraa 1
TentooGweHa Mex/ly BCaChIBaeMHM TapoM H crenKame wtamapa
BOSHHKAIOT B OCHOBHOM OGbeMHBIe TOTepH. “
YoKE OTMeHasOCb, B pesy.InTaTe BpeaHoro mpocrpauteraa nea-
Chipatine Napa ocyulecTBAReTeR He Ha Beem NpOTMKeHIN Xola MOpIr
nia S, a Todbko ita onpexeneHnofi ero vactu S,. Orpesok S (cx
puc. 23) nponopunonaten oGbemy Va, onucBaemoMy nopuliem 3a
on o6opor, orpesox S. — oGnemy wpeanoro mpoctpancrea Ve.
Tloa speaibim mpoctpancrsom nowumacten OGLem MexiY KpBIMIKO!
UMANHAPa M NOpluHeM MpH ero Kpaiinem NoAOXKeHHU, BKAIOaT OODE-
Mbl PASHBIX BEITOUEK B KPLILIKE HH MOpUINe, Wleseit zaA miaactHE KTa-
mawos H xp. OrilocureapHas BeTK4uHa RpegHor npocrpaHcrsa
co
VadVa.
ae ating nee
ae
Dra neauyina coctapaser 3—5% B SaBHCHMOCTH OT THNa =
AponasoxurenbHoctH Kommpeccopa. C yseauvennem npowsnoanren-
HOcTH BegnMntHa Cy) YMeHbUTaeTCA
Tlorepit sesteerene pacuiupenus napa 13 speauoro npocrpatcr-
ha Xapakrepnayiorea orpeskost c1. STH moTepH yanTuBaIoT oGDeM-
Hunt KosOMUNEHTOM Re, PABHDIM OTHOMENMO OGBeMa Mapa Vi, 9a
cactiaeworo pH HasuWii BpeAHOTO Mpoctpanctsa, K OObeMy, Ont
cuipaenomy mopmmem Vp, IK Ke OTHOMIENIO ALUKA aUNEM Bact
pamua S, k aauue xona nopuina S:
he= UE
Tlorepu, sostmkaiomue penegcraite apocceaupowanua mapa mpi Bea-
cupanni, sapiicar oT peauumibt Apse H Xapakrepiayiorca oTpesKow
Cx
Stu norepu yantHBaiot Koahpunnentom jpoccermposantia
Sy
=
Jisa pacemorpenmbix Bua noTep oTHOcATeH K BHAMBIM Ha
nuquxaTopioi guvarpamMe nlorepsM, Cxpsirste (HeBHLUMBIe Han
arpamMe) WoTepH NOABAMOTeA B pesyaDTaTe TenAoOGMeNa II yTeUKH
xosomiabuoro areuta Yepes venaoTHocTH. FIpu cKaTHH Napa arenTa
creitkn uNaMHApa Harpenaiorea uM HMeIOT Goce BEICOKyIO TeMmepa-
Typy, vem scacbipaembili map. Tipu noctynaennn 8 unannxp xo0A-
nail Nap warpesaerca oT TeMlooGMeHa co creHKaMH nusMIApa,
BeAesCTBHE CMeIIeHHA CO CKATHM BO BPeHOM MpocTpancrBe rapoM
YaeabHti OGbem ero yBeauuuBacTeR, H ciLeslOBaTeALHO, yMenbINAeT-
ca Macconoe KosMuecTao apa, MOcTynatomero B WHHAP. StH no-
Tepit pesKO yReaNUNBalOTeA NH BcacLiBaHHN BABKHOTO Mapa.
Tlorep, casgannbie ¢ Tent00GMeHom, yuuTuBaior Kosipirunen-
TOM nojlorpesa 2 ., PABHBIM OTHOUEHIIO YileTbELIX OOPEMOB Mapa B
vawase HB Koulle BcacbipaNus, SHaveHHé 2. ONpexeAMOT ONMITHBIM.
nyrem. Tlorepu ncwegcraite mporeex arewta vepes HensioruocrH
HOpwHeBLX KombUAX H KAANAHaX YHHTHBAOT KospDHUNeNTOM MAOT-
noctH Aux. B Xopoulo BEINoaueNHbIX KOMMpeccopax pH oTcyTeTANH
suauiitedbuoro 13HoCa CHWAXeHe MpOHswORUTeMBHOCTH OT HenoT-
Hoctefi cocTasaneT AMI HecKOTKO MpoKeHToR H KOSpUUNEHT hor
Moxker Ost npuHaT oF 0,96 x0 0,98.
Cymmapunie oGpemune noTepH, BEISHBaIUINe yMeHbWeHHe mpo-
ugnosrexbHocTH KOMMpeccopa, YuHTEBAIOT KoSppNuNeNTOM HOLA
4, PaBHBIM OTHOMIeHHIO sellcTBHTeALHOH OOveMHOl mpousBoauTens-
vocta Vs, NpHiavoil mp Mapamerpax Ho BCachiBaloUteM naTpy6Ke
Kommpeccopa, K TeopeTHyeckol OOBemIOH npousBoAUTenbHOCTH (OOb-
eqy, onicsinaemomy nopusnsimn) Va:
h=Vi/Vo.
59 Kosppuunent noaayn ye1os#o Moxio npexctasite KaK mpona-
BoReHHE YeTUpEX OOBEMANX KoSddunMeHTOB:
c Aap hes An,
Suepretuieckwe notepu. B Teopernueckom Koxmpeccope, re or-
cyrcrsyor norepx H cxaTHe Mapa ayuaGaTHYecKoe, 3aTpavenuas
Mounioers
N.
Gb
te N;—Teoperwteckan momuocrs KoMnpeccopa, KBr;
G—reoperuieckoe KonMecTBO — WUpKyupyloulero xoaoRUAS-
_ toro areutra, Krie;
im —snranpnus napa B Havare HB KoMue oKatus, KJbx/er.
B xelicrantemsiom KoMnpeccope siepreruueckHe norepH yBexH-
auBaloTcd H3-3a Tem00GMeHa Mapa co creHkaMH WMAHHAIpa, menpec-
CUM Np BCactisaHNH MH MarHeraHiH, a TaKKe TpeHHA ABIKYMLUXCA
wacrelt Kommpeccopa.
Mouuocr», satpaynpaeman B aelictouTembuoM paGoxew mpouec-
ce Ha ckaTHe XodOAHABHOTO arenTa, HasbiBaeTen — mMANKaTOpHO
Momuioctio Nj, Onpeteasetes ona no HNAUKATOpHOR mUarpamMe
PV y
N=
fe P1—cpestuee HHANKaTOpHoe aBaeHue, 7. e. cpemuee naBreHHe
B MAMIE KOMNpeccopa, onpexerseMoe No miAHKaTOpHO!
Auarpamme, MITa;
Vi —o6vem, onnctisaemtfi nopuiiem, w°/c,
Octosnoi stepretuyeckoli xapaktepucTuxofi KoMnpeccopa sBza-
eTea ero MINKATOpUBIH K. Ml. A. Me KOTOPHIL paBeH oTHOMIENMTO
=N IN
HlorepH wa tpeie » ABWKYULMXH YacTAX KOMNpeccopa yuHTHI-
Baw? MeXaHHMeCKHM K. ML. J, PABHBIM OTHOUICHILO HEAHKATOPHOH MoUK-
HocTH K sdibeKTHBHOl, saTpayHBaemol Ha Baay Komnpeccopa:
Mouitocrs, nogBexennan K Baay KoMMpeccopa, cKnanuiBaeTes 13
HuaHKaTopHo# momuocta N; x momuocrt Nzy, pacxonyemoi na
Tpenne,
Ve = Nit Np.
60
Mouocrs, pacxonyemyio Ha tpeHte, mpH6muxKeHHO MOxHO TOA-
cantare no Popmyze
Now
Te Prp — YouoBHaa BemHIMHA AaneMNA TpeHus, MpuHUMaeman
0,04—0,0614 Ila.
K mexaninueckuM oTHOCATCR TaKXKe NoTepH MoMLHOCTH, sarpauusac-
Mofi Ha mpuBoR Macastioro Hacoca, KoTopas cocrapaseT ot 5 10 15%
MHANKaTOpHOM MOMHOCTH.
CymMapHble onepretiueckte norepu ysuriisaror sdibexrupiM
Km
1.1%,
Beanauua oOnemubix u sHeprermieckux Kospbunuentos sasucut oF
SKCIAYATANHOMHBIX YeTOBHA H KONCTPYKTHBHLIX ocoGeHHocTeli KOMT-
peccopa. Boaee accro wa padowe xosdipuuuents pauser_oTHoue-
Wwe AaBNeHHA KONAeHCAMUH Px K AaBAeHHIO KUNeHHA Po. TpH yBe-
AUCH OTHOMCHUA Py/Po 8HAYHTEABHO CHiBKAeTCA OGbEMUBI KO3p-
(uuicur A. BBHAY pesKOro BOspacraliun OOHEMHBIX NOTeps, CBAAH-
WBIX € PACWIHperHeM napa 13 BpeAHorO NpoctpaxcrBa, mpu 970M
Goabuioe BHaNeHHe HMeeT OTHOCHTeADIAR RemHUHHA BpemHOTO MpocT-
pauicTaa c: c YOeMMMEHHEM C sHayeHHe he PesKo YMeHBINHTCA; cHIDKA-
erea gHavenie Koadbuuienta nogorpena h.» BCAeACTHHe TOTO, ¥TO
TPH YBemuueHHN OTHOMeHUA Px/py NOBLlAeTeA TeMMepaTypa B KOH-
ue CKATHA, CleLOBATeNbHO, BOspacTaer TeMMepaTypa CTeHOK WH-
suntapa KoMMpeccopa, ¥TO MpHBOANT K yBemHYeHHIO BpeAHOTO TenAI0-
o6mela MOKIY CTeHKANH WLIMHApA H BeacKiBaeMBIM NapOM; cHHKa-
erea KosuuNeHT MOTHOCTH Ran 3-34 YBeAMYeHHR —pasHocTit
Px—Po MO OGe CTOPOHK KAANAHOB, MOpUIHEBHIX KOE H T.T.
Taxum OGpas0M, BO Bex cAYYARX yBeAHYeHHe OTHOUIEHHA Px/Po
MpuBoguT K CHIPKeNIO KoSppULHeHTA Toga — KoMMpeccopa A.
Vaenmenne Kospuunenra no_aiH osHayaer yMeHbieHHe HILUKA-
Topiio# MomioctH. CHinKeHHe py H MOBBILWEHMe py MossoaKeT yayy-
ular pa6oue Xapaxrepucrukn Kommpeccopa, B npouecce aKcitaya-
TAUWN AABNEHHE KOWeHCANMN Py M TeMMleparypa KONAeHCANHH tx
SaBHcAT OT TeMmepatypsl SaGOpTHO BoALL. OaHaKo mpH Tol Ke TeM-
Tepatype sa60pTHOl BOM Px H te MOFYT HMeTD HauMeNBiee sHaye-
ue 3a CleT HHTeWCHBHOTO OXA@xKAeHHA KOHJeHCaTOpa BOROH, cOo-
Repxatiut B YHCTOTe MOBePxHOCTH OXAAIKLEHHA KOHeHCATOpA Kak
co CTopolibi BoALL, TAK H Napa, OTCyTCTANA B cHCTeMe areHTa BOSAYXa
H APYTHX WeKONACHCHPYIOULNXCH Taso, MOBMUIAIOUINX zaBNeHHe,
APYPAX Mep, BEIOAHeHKe KOTOPHIX aasHcHT oT OGcsly:KHBALOMeTO
nepconaaa.
Hasseine xunenua py u TeMmepatypa KumeHHa fy saBucaT oT
Toro, Kakas TpeGyercr TeMIepatypa OxiaxksaeMoro OGBexTa. Cxo-
eapeMenoe ylasenne cHerosoh mY6u, Hapacraimel cHapyxu wa
ucHapuTesax HenlocpencTaeHHoro OxA@KqeHHs, ucnpaBHax padora
al KaMePHHX BeHTHAATOPOB, NOBMIIAIOMUX UNTeHCHBHOCTS TeHOOGse-
Ha, Mpabitabiiaa nacrpofika astomatmuecknx npuGopos, He onycKa-
MUX paOory yeraHOBKH NpH AaBNeHHAX KiNeHUA H BCACHBAHA 6O-
wie HHSKUX, WeM 370 TpebyeTca aA OGecneNeNuA sananioro TeMNe-
Patypuoro pexiwa, H ApyrHe eps, npeayeMorpennue mpapmaasn
OGCAY:KUBAHHF, NOInOAMOT PaGOTATS Mp BOBMOXHO BEICOKHX po
H bo
Apyrum sxenayatauuonnsia daxtopos, pausiouum va paGowne
XapaktepuictxH KoMMpeccopa, ABseTCA CocTomHle BeackiBaemoro
napa. Tip paGore xXoxoM 4actaL xkWAKOCTH, cosep-
walllecs BO BCACHIBAeMOM Hape, OKONATENBO HeMApAlOTeA'B MOJo-
CTH KoMMpeccopa, sauuMaa YacTs NoesHOrO OOweMa UMauNApa, Ten-
JoobMen Mexay NapoM arena # cTeHKaMH WHANHApa Gosec unten
cuBex, Yem Mp paOore «cyxum» xogom, TaK KaK KosdepuueHT Ten
COTA BAARKHOTO Mapa SHaWHTeTHO GombiNe, YeM cYXOTO IIL
neperperoro.
Pacemorpenune apzenin yMensimaior anayenna xosdpuuuenra
Honan 2H MRANKaTOpHOTO K. HL. 2. m, XAPakTepHayior paGoTy KOMI
Peccopa XouoM Kak xpaiilie HexetaTembuyio. KoMe
Tpeccopst —compemenuuix XoxogMAbIBIX Mau paGoraior ToabKO
scyxuM> xonom. Hua yeraxoBok, paGoraiouux Ha xaaqone, yBean-
elite meperpeba BcackinaeMoro Mapa BedeT K MpAMOMY yBeNIeHIIO
Kosppuuuerra moray 2. Kpome Toro, ussectio, uro neperpersii nap
oGuaitaeT Meubiueli BAgKOCTHIO, YeM BaarKUbIi, NOsTOMY MpH padore
XOLOM YMeHbINalOTeH ApOCcetHBIe MOTePH B KAAMaHax, a
caetowaredbiio, YBenIYHBAIOTCH TN, H Ne KoMMpeccopa, Sto yseniue-
Hile ocoGenHo omyTHMO MpH HcHosBsOBAHUH xaxOHa, o6xaRaIoMe-
To saunrexbHofi BasKocrbIO. TloaesHoe Bansune neperpesa Ha pca-
CuBaHIM MpHBeIO K LIMPOKOMY MpuMeHeHMIO perenepaTHBHOrO UNKAa
Aaa peowosEX mau
B To xe BpeMa HeoGxonnMo yuuTHBaTS, uTO upesMeproe ynesut-
MeHHe NeperpeBa BCackiBaeMoro Mapa orpHuatembHO ckasbnacTeA Ha
BosBpare Macia, UMPKYANPYIoMeTO B CHCTeMe BMecTe ¢ xaaZ0HOM,
x3 Henapnteaa B Kosmpeccop. Mostomy yeeauyenme neperpena ua
BeachiBailiH OKasKIBaeTeA YeTecooGpasHbIM TOABKO B oMpesleneHuEIX
mpenena
Aaa yweusmenna nogorpewa napa or crevox uuanuapa y Komm-
peccopos, padoraiomux Ha Xaasoue-22 ui aMMuake, T.c, arentax,
HMeIOMLHIX BEICOKYIO TeMMepaTypy Kua cATHA, MpexyeMaTpHBaIoT
BoaRHBIe oxaaxKAaOMNe pyOaukH. [pu yReauyennn YacToTH Bpa-
MeHUA Bata TenTOOOMeH —B WHAHHIPe KOMMPeccopa yMenbuIaeTes,
Tak Kak CoKpaitaetes Bpema TemooGMera,
B mpouecce oxensyarauun esexyer TakKe HMeTD B BHA, TO Re-
Jusunia BpesHoro mpoctpattcisa KoMMpeccopa yseauyinaerea ~mpH
BupaGorKe BepxHero BKMaquIA KpHBOWMNHOFO HoaWHNHUKa, TIpH
SaMeHe MpoKAaAkH MexKAY KranaHHof MANTO! H GAOKOM usaMEApOR
Kommpeccopa we cueayeT ysentutnaTe Tommy npoKaanKi.
Ha paowe xosphuuuents: Komnpeccopos snauutensio Banser
coctosune XovoauaBHOh MawiNuE. YeeanunBaiommeca nponycKH ¥e-
62
7 nena
pes Mopuiuenie Konbila, HensoT- 7:2
HoCTH B K”amaHax, sacopenie Bea- 06 |
cutparontero puastpa KoMMpeccopa |, sale |
iH apyrne orkmonenua or nop- % =
MaabHoro cocTosHHs Mamun mpi gg |
BoART K yoeHDUleHNIO PAGONHX KO- |
adpuunenton, a caetonatessHo, 4
K YMeNBIeHIIO XOAOROMPOHSBORH- gy | Sy
Tenbuocti 11 yeemuueniio noTpes- LLL
amexoii womndcr, Ha pac. 24 10-835 Se
KagaHa saBHCHMOCTh ANT, OT Px/Po- Umvowenue dobnenut Prey
Jaa punTonux KoMmpeccopos
auepreTitieckue noTepH B Gombwoli
ereitenn sanieat oT Toro, wackont-
‘ recKOe OTHOUIeHIe Px/Po
Coofsereryerreouerpiteckol crenem cicania yeranonzonoro
KoMMpeccopa, T.€. HACKONBKO MpaBiLIbHO No sTOMY MPHSHaKy Noro
Paw KoMnpeccop jaa npeanozaraeMoro paflona naaparus,
Puc. 24, paix sapucusoctn 4m
ne of Palo AAR Apeowostx KOM
Mpeecopos
12, BAMAHHE TEMMEPATYPHBIX YCTOBHA IHKIA
HA XONOLONPONSBOMMTEMbHOCTH
Koauvectso Tena, KoTopoe XoMOAHAbHaA MauMHa oTHIMAeT OT
oxnarnaeMmon cpeist B enINHMY BpeMenlt, HasuBaeTeA XoTOAOMIPO-
naBoaurenbuocToIo Mauintitt Qo, Br. Xomoxonponsnoautesbwoert sta~
Lunn Moxer GMT ANpAXeHA mporssenenes AeiicrBUITE-TBHOFO O6D-
cata Vs, w/e, napa arewra, BcactiBaeworo B Koxpeccop, 1 Cro YA
Hoi OGreMHOM XOTOLONPOHsBoAMTEMbHOCTH gv, HK/M:
Q=Va qe.
Tchcrenteruni o6vew MOxKeT Guth BAparKeH yepes OGLeN, OTH
cupaemetft mops,
Vis Wa,
eit ona KoMMpeccopa.
exe}. — Kosppunnent noxaMH K
Tlogcranue anavenne Vx B dopmyay Qo, noayanm
Qo= Vinge.
OGrem, Ni/c, onneniBaeMuit opus
Vn = 60%" Snz,
rae D—znamerp mnamnipa, mM;
S—Xoa nopunis, M;
—wacrora Bpauienia KoNmpeccopa, o6/c;
2— SHCA UHLATHIUIpOD,
63 Jlan onttoro m toro xe KoMmpeccopa pH noctosHHoh Yacrore
Bpaienun Beauna V, octaetes noctosnHol. CaenosatembHo, x0
HOLONpoHSBOAUTeAbHOCTS Qo SaBICKT OT BETHMNH gy H 2, KOTOPEHE
B CBOIO OvepenD sanncAT OT TeMMeparypHoro pexuMa padotM yera-
HOBKH H OCOGeHHO TeMMepaTyp KHMeHHA fo, KOHACHCANHH fx H TeM-
mepatypu mepen peryampyrouttiy Bevruaen fy.
Pacemotpum sasucumocts Qo or fp Ha MpuMepe aay xonoauAb-
ux IK08, HMeIOUUIX ORHAKOBYIO ‘Tentteparypy KOuAeHCALNH
pasue Tesmepatypu Kunewua arenra. Luxant He npemyemaTpusalor
Hepeoxaaxenin %HAKOCTH HM neperpesa napa. Kak y3xXe wsBecTHO,
yuenbitat OGbeMiHan xooLONpONsBOAHTeALHOCTE
4
we
1
Tlomuxene rewmeparypir xuentn fy csmsaNo © yMeNBueHHeM s25-
weHHt B HcnapuTene. [ostomy mph TOHWKeHN fy ypeaHuHBaercs
Yaenbunii oGvem Bcacuinaemoro KoMmpeccopom mapa’ v;, Maccopas.
XomoAONpoHssoguTeAbHOCT go YMenbuiaercs. B pesyabTate yMeH-
Maeren YAenbiad OObeMHaR XOAOLOMPOHIBOANTENBHOCTH gy.
MIpwxep. Mauneia pa6oraer wa R12 mpu fy —=—20°C H fy = 25°C, Gea nepeox-
% 114
maacienua u neperpesa. Ip 310M dy a = Fort = 1004.5 alla. He woxenne
fg ennorty 28 9G 4.0. fp -26. Boom pean 9, — 12 0002 aan.
Conocrasim peaysmraru: YAeABaA MAaCcOBAA KOAOAONpOIEIBOTHTEALHOCTE gy cit
sumac mpuvepnio na 2%), 8 TO BpeMa Kak Yaesu oGKeM mapa noBcHACA MONTH
wa 20° 9). 3a exer sroro'g, cuusiaace Ha 18,5%.
Buwog: ipa nommkeHnH TeMnepatypi KUNeHHA yaenbHad o6beM-
Haw XOOAONPOUsBOMUTEABHOCTS gy CHKAeTCA B OCHOBHOM sa cueT
Yeeanwenus yietbHOrO OGbeMa Napa arena, OrMeTHM, 470 KO3dpH-
WueHT TOAAuHK 2 C HORWKEHHEM fy TAKE yMeHbilaeTeH BBHAY yBesmH-
MHA OTHOMEHHA Px! Po.
TaxnM o6pas0M, ¢ nonusenUe ty xoaodonpouseodureavnocre
Komnpeccopa Qo YMeNbWACTCA 1 NPONCXOAUT 9TO B OCHORHOM 3a cHeT
YMeuDUIeHIA KOaHYecTBA areNTa, ReacbIBAeMOro KOMMpeccopOM.
Tenepp paccmorpum sapucumocts Qo or f, Ha MpuMepe AByX mK
410B, HMCIOULX OAWHAKOByIO TeMmepaTypy KUNeMH H pasHble TeMme-
PaTyPEI Koustencauns, Ged Mepeoxaancteus H neperpesa. C noBEiuie-
HHeM f, MACCOBAA XOAOLOMPOHSBOAHTeENbHOCTE go YMeHbINaeTcA (3TO
XOpomllO BiLIHO Ha AUarpamMe S—T), a yxenbUBIl OFbeM v1 He WaMe-
HseTCH, TAK KAK Pp H fo He H3MEHAMHCD.
Mipumep. Mauna paGoraet mpi f= —20C uf, = 25°C, Gea nepeoxsaenenna
a meperpes® H mp 910m gy = 121,4/0,111 — 1004,5 xllx/s®. Teneps, crass e-
went fy, nomicim f, ua 5°C, 7. e, f,—= 30°C. Torsa gy —116,2/0,111 =
047,2 Kib&/n?. Suavehn yaeMNBLE waccoaoi 1 OGLewHOl xoAOAOMponsbomTe=-
noctell dy qq Yuewbuuiaice ita 4.3%; A, aK nabeerio, © YoenetmeM OTMOWENIA
P,P TawKE YueuDuneTeR,
64
——- =eory
Bupoa: ¢ nosomenuen renneparypsr Kondencayutt xoodonpous-
eodureavnocrs satus Qo yaexowaeTca 3a CHeT YMeHDUIeHHR qo
BenexeTBHe YeeanueHiA GecriomesHOro BCKUNAHUA XNAKOCTH B NpO-
uecce Apocceaupopariin XKHAKOCTH OT Px AO py) M YMeHbUIeHT %
BBUAY NowbUeHHA oTHOMCHHA px/po. B KoHewHOM cieTe noBBIueNie
TeMmepatyps KowzeHcanun Ha I°C mpiBoLHT K cHIDKeNIHO Xos0z0-
npousnosirreasocrn YeraHloBKH NpHMepHO Ha 2%.
Taxoe xe BAliAHHe Ha XOTOLONPoUsBOAUTesILOCTH OxasbIBaeT
remmepatypa nepeoxsiax lena xuqKOCTH Mepet PB tq. Paccmorpex-
ible SaBHicHMOCTH MOATBepAaIOT, TO XOTOAMABHAT ycTaHoBKa ¢
OMuHM 11 TEM 2Ke KOMMPeccopom Mp pasHEIX TemmepATypAX fo, x H
fy Aaet pasttyio XoaOoMpousBoxureanuocTs Qo. C MoBHUIeHtteN
TeMMepatypH KUNeHHA fy H NOMIDKeHHeM TeMMepaTyps KoRAeHCANM
fe HM MepeOxAarKACHHA ty XOAOLONPOHSBOAMTeMBHOCTh —YCTaHOBKH
yeeamunpaetes, a ¢ MOMHAKeHHEM fy Mt MOBHUEHHEM fx H fx XOm0L0-
Mpousnoaurembuocts yMeubittaercs. TIpx stom Ha WsMeHeHMe XozO.
AOMPousBoRUTeABHOCTH HaNoabilice Bausitie, KAK GEO NOKAsaHO,
meet TemMepatypa kines areita fy. TMopuutentie fo wa 1°C mpi
Boat K YaeaicHm9 xomoAonpousBORNTeNbHOCTH Maui, paGora-
roux Ha Xaaone-12, npumepHo Ha 4%.
Moumocts, satpavetiiaa B KOMMpeccope, TaKHKe saBHcHT OT pe-
2kuMa paGoTb YcTaHoBKH. C MoBDILMeHHeM Texnepatypé —KiTeHIIS
otpe6siaemax MOMLHOCTh NoBLIUIaeTCR B OcHOBHOM 3a cyeT yBemtt-
NeHII KomuYecTBa areHTa, MepeKaumBaemoro KoMMpeccopoM, a mpi
NOBBIMeHHH TexMepatypst ‘KOHAeHcaIM — 3a cyeT yBeMHYEHIIA pa-
Gorst, aaTpaimpaeMofl na cxaTHe. SabucHMOcTh xoMOOMPOHSBOAN-
renpuoctt Qo H noTpeGasemol mouuoctH N, or TeMnepaTyp Kune.
uiuia f i KOHAeHCAMIN fy (HH aa6OPTHO! BOs fy) BBIPAKaior rpa
Quuecktt m Hassipaior XapakrepicTiKaM XomoAMAbKOrO KoNNpecco
pa wait arperara.
Batty Toro, 470 XomoonpousnorreabtocTs KoMMpeccopa saBit-
cur or pexkHMa pa6orbl, cpaBiHBate XonoRuAbHBIe KOMMpeccopM 11
Arperarbl MOXKHO TOADKO MPH OAWHAKOBBIX TeMMepatyPHBX pexkHMar
paGorsi, KOTOpHe XapakrepHayloTcA YeThpbas TeMMepatypaMt: Kit
Henna fo, BCaCbIBaHHta fy, KONACHCAMIM fx H MepeoXtaxsenta ne
pea peryaupyioutiin BeHTHTeM fr.
Tabannad
Texmepatypit cpasitreabusix pexnmos,
exon
Tevneparyps rauorenne- | rowan
crannapronn | Seypmt | “poesia
Komen fy 15 —35
Beacwinaith t,. 10 —20 +15
Konnencauu fy +30 +30 +35
Tlepen peryaupyiomua seurizew fy +25 +25 +30
3507 65 Ocuosmuie cpapinrenbubie TeMMeparypHHe pexuma s10 peo
NOBUX XOTOAWADIEX MalINH NOKAsaHBI B TAG. 9.
Cynossie xouoanIbHLe MauunM pa6oTaioT B ycnosHAX, sayn-
‘TempHO OTIMAIOMLUXcH OT CpaatirenbHBX, Ot yenoBAA HasbBAIOTeA
paGounmu, a XOMOZONPONSPOANTeABHOCTS, ONpemeTAeMaR MPH STIX
YeaoBUsX, HaswBaeTeA paGoreli xoTOROMpoNsBoMUTEMBHOCTHIO Qopas
Tkaa mepecieta XonoxonpousBoauTeMbHOCTH C O;HIX TeMMepa~
TypHLIX yeuoBHt wa ApyrHe B CYAOBLX yeHOBAAX HemOnDsyIOT Tpa-
Guxn —sapiicumocra § xonogonponsBogwrenstocTH 1m noTpebmmeMofi
SHeprnn arperata or TeMmepatypM KHIeHA areHa pH pasHBx
Temmepatypax KoHeHcanut.
COnperemmrs pasosyio xoxoxonporsBoxiTessHOcT W noTpesasewyo wou”
ocr onegubibro arperda MAK SOD3 Ce noampeccopow @VY-S0P9) mp fy == OG
ife=35°C, Tlo rpapincy, noxasanuouy Ha pic. 61, onpexeases, 10 mpm pa6ore
eek poceamt unawsizpos (npouaeomurerstocr> 100%) Q pag 176776 Br (152000
Kiaa/s), N, = 52 «Br.
TIABA V
TEMNJOOBMEHHDIE ANMAPATbI MH BCNOMOPATEJIbHBIE
YCTPORCTBA
13, KOHMEHCATOPbI HM PETEHEPATHBHBIE TEMJIOOBMEKHHKH
B xougeticarope XosoAWtbHOf yeraHoBKH ocyulecTB:NeTCH KON-
neHcauus (1 Mepeoxraknenue) XosiogusBHOTO arena 3a cHeT Mepe-
ain Tena oT XOTORMAGHOTO areHTa K sa6opTHOH BoRe Ha BOSAy-
xy. CoorTseretaeHHo pasmuualoT KOHJeHCaTOPH C BORAHHM H BO3-
Ayuunism oxsaxjenuem, Kowsencatops c Bosnyummsm oxaaxxqeuHem
MpHMeHs0T TOKO B MCNKHX XOOAMADHBIX YCTAHOBKAX, OGcAyAH-
BaIOMUX MPOBUSHONNE MKadpBl, catypaTopHMe yeraHoBKHL, rpy30-
Bhie OTCeKH PedbpwxXepaTopHX KoHTeliHepoB HT. Tl. B OCHOBHOM Ha
cyaax pacnpoctpantenyy KomencaTopu c BORAHIBIM OxstaxKqeHHeM.
XoaoquabHbit arenr, \ nocrynaiouw 8 KoHeHcaTop B coctoaHMH
neperperoro mapa, B pesyztbTate oTaauH Tena saGoprHoh Bone
(sosayxy) oxaaxknaerca s0 coctosmia cyxoro WacsiMeHHOrO napa
H sate KoHAeHcupyetes. B KoHAeHcaTopax, HMeIOMLIX pasBiTyi0
TOBePXHOCTh OXTAXKAeHUS, MpeyeMaTpHBAeTeA TaKIKe MepeoxTar-
HeHHe HKHAKOTO XosOAABHOTO areHTa,
Tipouece nepestasn rena oT XososuabHoro areHTa K sa6opTHO
Bone ckslamwBacTea U3 TeNAOOTAAM OT XOMOAUABHOTO areHTa K Ha-
PYAHO MOBepAHOCTH TenAOOGMeHHOH TpyOKit, —TeMoNpoBOAHOCTH
vepes crenKy TpyOKH M Temoortasm oT BHYTpeHHel moBepxHocTit
‘TelLIooGMeHHOM TPyGKH K sa60pTHOA Boxe.
Crenenb nHreHcHBHocTH Tensonepenayt B KOHeHCaTope xapaK-
Tepiisyeres Kosdpunuentom Tenionepeaaiu, Jax yMeubuienis ra-
GapuToB KoHAeHcaTopa BHEUIHIOIO NOBePXHOCTh TpyS seaaioT pe6-
puctofi, Yaeanuente oxnaxaaiouel nonepXHOCTH B pesysisTaTe 9T0-
To ouleHMBaeTen KodpHNHeHTOM OpeOpeHlia, paBHbIM OTHOMIeHIIO
HoBepxuiocT# opeOpextoh TpyOkH K NOBepxHocTH STO; xe TPYOKH 10
opeOpenua, Hpn mpownx pasiux yenoansx npnMenenne x1aqona-22,
uMeIomero Godlee BHICOKKE siatieHu KoapduuNeHTa TenaooTaau,
Mem xaaxoH-12, NOSBoNSeT COKPATHT NOBePXHOCTS TeMltonepeLai
Kowseneatopa Ha 15—20%.
B KonscHeatopax MOPCKHX XoAOAUADHEIX yeTaNOBOK TpyGKH noA-
Bepraiores MocToRHHOMy 9posuiiioMy Koppoaitiixomy pasbeqaniio
saGoptiol Boxoi, NosTOMy K HUM MpexbaBaaior TpedobaHKs nOBEI-
ueHHof Haxexwoctu. Tlpaxriixa sKemyaranuit noKasbipaer, ¥TO
HanGonee THEME ABApIIK CYROBUX XOOAMMDHBIX MaINIKH MPOHC~
XOAAT B peaysbTaTe BLXOLA 13 CTPOA KOHJeHcATOPOB H MonaqaHiA
Sa0opTHoh BoM B cuCTeMy XOJOAHLtbHOFO areitta. HanexHOCTh KOH-
JeueaTOPOB BOSOCIa B pesyaAbTaTe HaroTOBAEHHA TpyOUBIX pelleTOK
H3 JaTyHH, KPBIUeK HS GpOuSKL, a TenOOGMeHUBIX TpyGOK H3 Memb-
a or * a e
Leas
Puc 25 @peonosualt nouxencatop
Xuopa — MesoHUKeTeBoro cnaaBa, cosepxamtero 70% meat
30% wirkens, B TaKHX KOHAeHCATOpAX CKOPOCT ABUKEHHIA BOR B
TpyOKax yseanuena 10 2-25 mjc, To oGecnewmBaeT xocTaTOHHO
BHCOKYIO. HHTeNCHBHOCTH Tencloneperayn.
Fan saute or paspymextia TpyGoK, TPyGUBIX AOCOK H KpHMeX,
padoraiouux 8 arpeccuBioh cpete — MopcKoli Boxe, Ha KpLIMKe
KowAeHcaTopa ycranaBanbalor nporextopsl. Cyuuocth mporextop-
oii 3auMTET COCTOHT B TOW, NTO MPH KOHTAKTE ABYX MM HECKOADKHX
MeTaOB, MOTpy2XeHHBIX B aaeKTPOAT (B ZaHHOM cay4ae — MopC-
Kylo BOY), MeTasa, HMeIOUUN HaHMeNbUNIH szeKTpHYecKiH noTeH-
ua, CAYKUT aHOLOM Ht paspyuraetes, B TO BpeMA KaK Apyrue Me-
Tab CAYKAT KATOLOM H He MOABeprawTer paspyuleniio, AHOAOM
sigameTea cheunanbHo ycTaHapaibaeMbe Ha KPUUKaX KoHgeHcaTO-
pa mpotextopsr #3 usHKa nam Marniesoro cntapa MJI-4 1m aston
iueporo critaza AMu-15-10.
HanGomulee pacnpoctpanenne 8 MopcKoh mpakrike noayant
TopH30uTAAbHble KOXYXOTpYOUBIe KoWeNcaTops. B KavectBe np)
Mepa paceMOTpHM ropusonTabiBih KOXYXOTPyGubit — GpeouoBbiit
Kowxencatop MKTP2-3 (puc. 25). Kopnye Kowencatopa _npex-
ctapaser coGoli cranpuyio oGevaiKy 4, x KoTOpo# mpuBapenbl 1a-
rynube TpyGube pemerkn 2 n 8, wTyMep 6 cAYRUT LAA NoABORA
Napa Xxaagona, crakan /4, sans 3 «7 — aaa yeranoBKH aaeKrpo-
aBiIraTeast KOMMpeccopa, OnopHbe zams 12 JIA yeTaHOBKH KON-
neucatopa Ha dynaament. TpyOxu 7/ 43 MembxHopa wMcioT ¢ ma-
pyaoh cropost Haxatane pedpa. Koxubt tpy6ox passaapuopartt
B tpyOntix peuerkax. B Kaxs0M OTBepCTHM, B KOTOpOe BxOWT
TpyOka, pactouexo Ho age KaHaDKH, YTO OGecneuNBaeT Gosee MI0T-
Hoe coeuienHe TpyGOK ¢ peulerKoi HM HcKmONaeT UX Mepememente
B Hell mpi Harpese. Hapyanas Tenaonepesaiomaa nozepxuocts paa-
na 3,2 2, TpyOutie peurerkH KoHaeHtcaTopa SakpuITHI GpoHZ0BLIMH
KpsuiKaNn / m1 9, KOTOpHe HMeIOT MeperopoAKH, o6ecneuuBaioUUNe
68
llecTHXOAoBOe MpoTeKaHHe BOB HO TpyOKAM KoHAeHCaTOpa. KpHitl-
Kit YeTaHaBANBaloT Ha pestHOBX mpoKTankax, Ha KpBIKax Yera-
nopitenst npotexropst 10. Tleperperiik map xaazowa warueraeten
KOMMPeccopoM B MeXTPYOHOe MpocrpaneTBO KoNeHcaTopa, rae Map
3a CHeT TenT0OGMeHa ¢ NOBePXHOCTbIO BOABHEIX TPYOOK oxsaxTa-
eres 1 KonacKcHpyetes. JKuxxnit xnatom coGupactes B mmwKHeM tac~
TH, OTKYda Hepes yrsoBolt nenTi 15 noctynaet B 2xHAKOCTHDI
‘TpyGonpoBoa,
Ha xopnyce Konjencatopa yeraxosaen Kanan 3 aaa cnycKa
Bosayxa. B Kayectse npezoxpanitrensuoro yerpolictaa KoumeHcaTop
cuadxen npoKoh 13, uMetomeh cxsosHoe orsepeTHe 16, saauToe
alerkoniaBkiiM emtasoM 7, xoropui mpi 65°C naabites u Bbinyc:
KaeT arent 8 apapuiinii tpyGonponog. Stam Kongzencatop mpeo-
Xpaitetet of BSpbisa Npu apapHiiiom nosbiieH xaBazeHns, YTO
BOSMOXKHO MpH MOXape, cpHBe OXTAKAeHHA KONeHCATOpA HT. 1.
Hipkuss nososuna Kopnyca KoweHcaTopa Ne HMeeT Oxsa%aH0-
lux TpyGOK H BMecTe co CTakaHOM 14 BuITOMAeT por pecnBepa—
cOopiitka 2KHAKOrO XaaxoHa BMecTHMOCTHIO 29 41. HasKaHe pasBHTO!
PeciBepHof wacTH ABAReTeH ONO M3 KOHCTPYKTHBHEX OcoGeHHO-
creli COBpeMenHbIX KoILeHCaTopos HeGomBuTHx yeraHonoK, Sto
HeKaovaeT HeoOXOANMOCTS B YeTaHOBKe aueiHOro pecHBepa. Bui-
cota cToxa 2KNAKOCTH B KOpnyce KOHAeHCaTOpa (BKMOYaA COOpHAK)
StowKHa GLiTh He Mertee 50—75 MM, a B KPYMHBIX KOILeHCaTOpAX —
ne metice 100 mw. [Ip Mazoft Betcote croaGa 2KHAKOCTH Han OTBEP-
ctHem TpyGonposota B caoe 2xHAKOCTH OOpasyeTeA BOPORKA, cno.
coGcrayioiltan Nonaxaitino HeCKOHeHcHPOBABUIeTOCR Mapa B XKHA-
xoctuifi TpyGonpono.t. B HeGosbinx peoHoBtix yeraHopKax BeTpe-
NawTCA KOXKYNOIMeeBIKOBKIe KOHAeHCaTOpH. Bola B HX mpoKauit
BaeTeA no sMeeBHKy, 06a KOHMA KOTOPOrO Ykpentenbt B oANO! TpyO-
nofi_peuerke.
Ten0Ban Narpyska Ha KOHXeHCATOP XoTOAITDHO! Mani Qx,
Br, ckgatupaered 13 XomoXoMponsBorHTenbHOcTH Qo Mi Tera,
SKBHBAMeHTHOTO paGoTe KowMpeccopa:
Q. = Qo+l= Glo i)
rae G@ — pacxox Xonoanavuoro areura, r/4;
ig ij — 3HayeHnA suTatDNK areHTa coorBeTeTBEHHO Ha ~BXO-
Re M BHIXORE 3 KoWeNcaTopa, KIDK/Kr.
Tensoneperaioulan MoBepxHocrs KoWeHeaTopa
ameres 3 opmyat
Qe = AF Qi Fy = Quine),
rae k — Koapuunent Tensoneperas xongencatopa, Br/(s?-C);
Om — cpeatias aorapiibmuseckast paaiocrs Temnepatyp Mex
AY XOJOAHAbHBIM arentom uM saGoprHoit Bost,
—tw
M?, ompege-
69 Suecs fw: u fw2 — TeMmepatyps saGoprHoA BoM, cooTBeTcTBeNHO
BXOAMel Hl BHXOAAUIel ua KoWLeHcaTopa.
Tlosepxnocts Tenaoo6Mena 2.18 KOHeNCATOpOR xOAOAUADUBIX
yeranosok MopcKHX cygoB mpininaetca 1a 10% Goxbuie pacuer-
Holl, Sto nosBoaser B cayYae HeOGXoAUMOCTH BbIBECTH HS AeficTBIA
(sarayumts) acts nospexsaenHx TpyGOK, He BHabBAN ABHOFO
CHIKEIIA NPOHIBOANTeABHOCTH XOMOAITHHOK yeraHOBKH.
‘Yuenbuas TentoBaR HarpysKa Kownencatopa gx, Br/a?,
Qe
=F,
1 Aa COBPeMeHHOTO peonoROTO KoHeHcaTopa MpH cKOpocTH BORE
ntopaika 2 wie coctapnaer 7000—10000 Br/w®,
Pacxoa pont Gs, Kr/c, onpeenseres us yoroBTA
Qy = Goes (tao — tat)
YkasbIBaloulero, UTO Bee Teno OTBOAUTeA saGoPTHOR BoZOM, H cae
HoparerbHO,
Qe
9 ta ( fw — Fe)
G,
PRE _Ca — TentoemKocrs Bonu, KJLx/(Kr-C).
B ycrawopkax cpeaueit 1 Oombufoh xoTOONpoUsBoNNTENDHOCTH
2a KOHMencaTopoM MOxXeT yerakanANBaTEcR tute pecuBep —
BepTHKaTBHO HAM TopHaOHTatHO (Malle MepBoe) pacnomorxennuit
crambHol uuAMIUIpHYECKHA cocyZ. PecuBep aBaxeTeH COOPHUKOM x0
sloqumHioro arewta. B wero cTekaeT cKoNsencupopapmmkiicn areuT,
ocuoboxiaa TerooGMeHKyIO MOBepXHOcTh KOHeHcaTOpa. Ham oGe-
cllevenus Gecnpensiteruensioro cToKa arettta B pecunep ero ycranan-
JuBaloT HIDKe KOWZeHCaTOpa, a MapoBble NoAOCTH OGoHX annapaToR
coemHHSOT ypaBHHTenbHon TpyOKoH, Onaronapx vemy RapmeHue B
oGoux annapatax pbipapauaacrea u ANAK ATeHT cTeKaeT M3 KOH-
Hexcatopa B pecuBep nox flelicrBHeM coGersenHoft Maccul.
Konenicaropst pecuseps ycratosoK cpenneli x Gosbmtolt x0-
TOLOMPOUSBONNTEMbHOCTH (BMecTO zerKOTAABKHX MpoGOK) cHaGxa-
JOTCH MPeHOXPAHHTeABUBIMIE KMAMAHAMM, OTKPEITHE KOTOPHX ROTH
naymnatbed np 2apacHMH 0,21 MEa (21,0 xre/em?) ans xtaxoHa-22
Honpa Aapaennn 0,14 MMa (14,0 xrc/em?) an xaazona-12. Boi
HYcKaeMbi MpeloxpakwTeMDHLIM KAAMaHOM areHT Tom:KeK —OTBO-
ANTbeA B aTMocepy B GesonacHoM AAR sOReH MecTe Hat HasyGoit.
Zax Kourpons sa repmetuanoctsi mpexoxpauurembioro Kjanawa
wa oroaamel TpyOe ycrastanaupaior xnAKOCTHDI SaTBOP co CMOT-
POBLIM CTeKNOM, SaHomHeHAB Bonof. B ompereneHHux cayyaax
CpeaHHe HU GorbINHe XONOsIbIBIE YCTAHOBKH, HOMMO Npexoxpax-
TeNHLX KaanaHoB, OGopyayIoT TpyGaMH aBapufiHoro cnycKa xos10-
Autuoro arenta us annapatos Hm cocysos. TpyGs BLBOLAT B KON
JeKrop awapuiuoro cnycka, pacnonoxeHHBh BHe MoMeleHHA xos10-
70
FERRE eT
Puc, 26. @peowonu ten00Sues
AWIbHBIX MAUIHH, HO BOSH BXOXa B Hero, Ha KonTeKTOpe yeranan-
‘uBaioT sanopHile Kaanane, OTKAOTAIOMULe KaxKAyIO CHYCKHYIO Tp
6y. Sim Kaanany crexiamm sailumujens or goctyna TocroponAix
SH HW MpHenocoGaeHH IA MIOMONpOBaHNIA B 3aKpHITOM coctosHuM.
OGuuA tpy6onposox or KommeKropa aBapniioro cnycka 3a Gopt
cuaOxen MeBosBpaTHLM KAaNaHOM MH BBiBeLeH MINKE BaTepaNAI
cyaHa pH MHHUMasbHOM ocaaKe. Jaa npozyBanua oOmero Tpy6o-
Npowoxa mpeslycMarpuBaetca NOABO, K HeMy cokaTOTO BO3LyXa WII
napa. Ha o6utem tpyGonposoxe aBapuiioro cnycka sa Gopr nepex
HeBosBpaTHHM KalaHoM B yAOOHOM 1A HaGdIOAeHUA mMecTe joN-
2KeH HAXOAUTECH YKasaTeNb YTeHKH XoTOANAbHLOTO aretiTa,
Bo (hpeoHoBuX cyAOBHIX XOJOAHIbIBX ycTaHOBKAX Tepeoxaxk-
Aewe %NAKOTO XONOMBHOO areHTa ocyulecTBAKeTcA B perettepa-
‘TuBHOM TenAOOGMeHHUKe (puc. 26). )Kuakuh xnazon-12 13 KonIeH-
caropa (pecusepa) moctynaer B Tensoo6mennux vepes utyuep 2.
Tipoxoaa Buyrpu KpactomeaHoro Boiuoro sMeeBHKa, OH Tepeox-
aaxuaetea _t uepes utyuep 4 nanpaBaserca x perysmupyiomemy
sentumo. Map xazona-[2 13 nemapireaa noctynaer B Tenstoo6MeH-
hx no rpy6e 3. Ombipaa cHapyai aMecBikii, ox nepeoxiaxnaer
2kuAKHI XAaq0H, Neperpebaetca H mo TpyGe J Hocrynaer 30 Beacti-
Bartow TpyGonposog Komnpeccopa.
14, HCHAPHTENM M BO3LYXOOXTARMTENH
B venaputene xonoquapuol ycranosku npoucxosur Kunenue xo-
SIOAMAbHOTO areHTa 3a C¥eT OTHATHA Tella OT OxTa%KAaeMoi cpesbi
(sosayxa, paccona u noau). Tlo HasHauenmo uenapured «oxHO
1 pasdeqith wa be rpynmut: 1) AAR oxaaxxeHNA npomexxyTouHOrO
2KHAKOTO XMafoNOctITeAA (paccosa 1 Bort), 2) KemOcpercTBeHHOTO
oxaarxacnns,
Koagepitnnent tentonepexaun Kenapntera sapicitT oT ero KON
CTPYKUHH, CBoficTR XoMOHABHOTO areltta M OXsarKAeMO!t cpeaLt, a
‘TakoKe CKOPOCTH ee JBIDKEHIS.
Aan oxaargena paccora (B01) mpuMersot roprsonratonbe
KoxkyxorpyOubte HenapHrent, KOHCTpYKTHBHO OHM HMeIOT cXOACTBO
© KOxKYXOTpyOHLIM KoHmeHcaTopami. B 9TiIX ammapatax paccost
UMpKyanpyer BHYTpit TpyGOK, a arcHT KUNUT B MexXTpyGHOM npocT-
panerse,
Paccmorpum MopcKoi nenapute-ts MHTP-12 (puc. 27), Korxyxo-
rpyGustil, TopusoMTaAbubli, ¢ MOBePXHOCTHO oxdaxaeMA 12 NP.
Kopnye 4 npeacrasaser coGok craspnyio Tpy6y AuaMeTpon 325 mw
© mpiBapenmunnt K Hei c Topita craabHEMH TpyOHLIMN AocKamH 3
a 10, B ovpeperuax tpy6usix AocoK paspansuosantt 62 Kpaciowea-
ble Tensoo6mennute TpyGKH 8 AKaMeTpom 20X3 mm. [Lux yBemve-
Hug MapyowOl noBepXHiocTH TPYG Na WNX Hakata pe6pa. Tpy6-
nble Rock saKpsrtit GpousoBLimH xpuuukamn fu [1 © npoKsaaKasit
12, Buyrpenune neperopoxk KpuiuleK HanpaBaRior ABiOKeItite pacco-
4a no TpyGxam. Menapnterb Bochmuxoronofi. Orenenmstii pacco.t,
BosBpalilaioutuiicr 13 MomenteHnit, noctynaeT B MenapHTers wepes
HIDKHEe OTBEPCTHE, a OXAArK/eHItIT BHIXOAHT Yepes BepXHee OTBEP-
crue Kpomn (7, Jax salute TPYGHEIX AOcoK OT KOpposiH Ha Hx
co cTopous pacco.ia Hantaaxex caoit Mean 2. JKunKHit XaaqoH no-
AacTeR B HIDKHIOO YACTE KOpHYca Hepes BeHTHAb DH aanoaHAeT 50%
oGbema Mextpy6xoro npoctpakcTBa, NuaLON KIMHT, OXIAKLa pac-
Coa, uNpKYaMpYloutuit BHYTPH TPYGOK, a OOpasylomniien NpH SToM Nap
orcaciBaeren KOMMpeccopom CBEPXy Nepes_OTAesTITeaTb IIAKOCTH —
cyxonapauk /4 1 sanopabit Bentite 6. Cyxonapaiux cayaur aan
OMeneHHA Kanes XAKOTO areltTa, HMosBAsOUlNXeA Mpit GypHoM
Puc, 27.
Komyxorpy Outi
enapireas MIATP-12:
buon mapa xxaxona; 112 — avox peccona; IY — mite
n
i 2138 70.
Pue 28, Heuapureas HPCH-12,5
1 = aoa sanoro xzazona; HT — Buy
ero _ximenmt, Cyulectayior AoxeTpyKuitn ropiaoitrasbHoro Koxyxo-
‘pyOuoro enapitreas, ¥ KOTOPOrO B cYXONApHUK BeTPOEH sMeeBIIKO-
auik Tenz00OMeHHnK: nOcTYNMBUIKi B CYXONApHHK HachiMteHHL nap
weperpenaerca 3a cHeT MepeoxtarmKteHnA 2K XTa0HA, MpOxo-
AMUIETO BHYTPHL sMeeBHKA TenaooGMeHHUKa
Vicnapnters cuaOxer mpexoxpanuTerbitim Kaamtanom 9, urTyue-
pom 7 XH MOAKMOYeHHA MaxomeTpa, cnyeKHEIM Kpatiom 13° W Kpa-
lami guia Bbinycka Boaayxa 4 cnycka paccosa. Jan yMeHb-
uleWH® MpuTOKa Tera 43 BHeUMMel cpers cHapyrxH Kopnyc HenapH-
reas uaoaupyior. [Las usrotonaenua KoxKyXOTpYOHUX wenapHTetel
COBPEMEHHBIX KOHETPYKUN MHPOKO NPHMEHAOT MeRHO-RUKeTeBHE
craapsl, JatyHb 1 Gpoxsy. TIpiMenenie stHx marepitaios nopbulaer
HaxexHOcTh McHaptestell M YBeAMUHBAeT CPOK HX cayAKOH.
Tpocteilusm Bulom uenapurera HeMlocpescTBeHKOTO Ox-1axK ents
apaneTeA OAOpHaHu SMeeBIK Ha TAJKHX MeABHOTAHYTHIX TPG,
PasMemenunii Ha nepeGopke Ox7arxAaeMOl NPOBHSHORHOM KAALOBOH.
Iupokoe pacnpoctpanenne Ha cyzax nonysHam nenapiTeait
MPCH-12,5 (enapiteas peGpueruk, cyXoi, Hactenmth) © Hapyx-
WOH MOBepxHOCTBIO OXAaxrexttia (c yHeTOM peGep) 12,5 w? (pic. 28).
DKWAKHH Xaagou Nocae peryaupylouero wewruaa noctynaer B
nenapHTenb Yepes BepxHHil uTyHep, Map oTcackiBaeTeR KONMpecco-
pom Yepes HID wTyuep. B ienaputedax c BepxHel noxavelt xi
Koro XaajloHa OTcyTcTeyeT APKO BHpAXeHNMi YpOBeHb wxHLKOCTH,
Tlostomy oni nasuipaiores cyxusut. Menapitea cocrour ns 12 Kpac-
HOMeAHDIX TpYG zaMeTpoM 18 MM, COelIHEHHRX TAKUM OOpasom,
¥ro XaaiOH, HOCTYMUBUNAH B iicHapHteds, NpoxoaHT nocseroBatens-
Ho uepea nce TpyOu. Jaa yseanyenns noBepxHOCTH ucmapHTena Ha
TenAooGmenibie TPYOKH Hatesaior saTyHHte peOpa TosMMHOli
04 MM c muteppasamn 12,5 ma. Tlocae ycranoBKn peGep 4epes
TPyOH MporarnBaioT CTasbHBe WApHKH, HMeIOUe AMAMeTP HecKO.t-
Ko Coabulni, 4em pitytpeHAHl AuaMmeTp TPYG, H OGecteuBa‘T N1oTHOE
npuaeranue’ peep. Sates niocae cOopkn Garapeo oGay:KUBAOT B
nest.
n Puc, 29. Bosayxooxaaaurens tuna MBO®:
T — pxox muguoro axagoua; I — uxox napa xzax018
C uerpio oGecnevenna pasHomeptoi remmepatypy mo BceMy
oGemy XoMOqUMbHOH KAAaLOBOM H yBeaHYeHNA yaenbHO TenAORO!
Harpy3ku HcnapHtena 3a cue yaentuenHa KospduueHTa TensOOT-
Ratt TpHMeHAIOT BosayUNBe HenapitTeAK c MpHnyANTeRHOM wup-
KYASuMel BosAyXa, OGecteiHBaeMO! BCTPOeHHLIMU B HHX 9yIeKTPO-
Bentmamtopaut Taxwe nenapiten nasunawor pootyxooxnaaiena-
|. ON OGecesHBaioT NPHAYANTENbUBH KONBEKTHBHEI TenOOGMeH
Ren, BOSAYXOM OXJarK/aeMOTO MOMCUICHUA H Hapy2KHOH MoBepx-
Hoctoio Henapureas, Tak, mpi yaenuyedun cKopoctit Bosayxa ¢ 1 10
5 wc Kospuunent temoorsaut oT Bo3sfyxa K OXNaxKZaloMlel mo-
BepxHocrn TpyOut yreanumpaerca B 3,6 pasa, ac 1 go 10 mle —
nowri 10 pas,
Bosayxooxsajures tuna MBO® nokasan wa pie. 29. Yerauan-
sluBaioT ero HeNOcpesCTBCHHO B MPOBESHONNMIX KjaAOBEIX, aatamuste
‘TeMMepatypé KOTOpBIX JexaT B Mpemetax or 2 20 12°C.’ Bosayxo-
oxaamiten uMeer Meaise TpyOK 3 c peOpamu. Hapyrxnan nosepx.
Hoct oxTancenin ykassiBAeTeA B MapKe annapara. Ocesoh nenTH-
aaTop 5c suexrpostaurarenem 7 perpoex a Kopnye 2 BOsAYXoOX-
aagurens, [lat oTaona Baar, pbinaputel 3 osAyxa MIpH ero Ox-
BaxAeHHM Ha OKBMBUIelicH pM oTTaMBaHAN cHeroBol myGuL,
Ha TloRMoHe —-«BOAYXOOXuanHTeNA ——sMpestyenoTpen —_NaTpy-
Gox 4.
Bosayxooxaagurenn tuna MBO®-9 npumensor a oxmaxne-
HUA KALOBHX ¢ HHSKHMM TeMMeparypamH, or —I8 no +2°C. Onn
oranuatores of paccmorpenHoro Waauanem sa1eKTpowarpesaremeit 71a
orranpanis cHerosoi my6s. To mioriM yrembibim moxasaTensit
(smectumoctH mo Xaafony, Macce H OOzeMy annapatypy Ha 1 KBr)
BosAYXOOXAamUTeNH uMeIOT GombIloe MperMyulecTBO nO cpaBHeHiio
¢ raaaKumit 1 peOpucrsimn Gatapesmm, Kpome Toro, nosiyxooxsa-
aurenu oGecneuusaior padoty ¢ MeHbINHM TeMTepaTypHEIM Hanopow.
H 2a10T BOSMOXHOCTS ABTOMATHSNPOBATS mMpouece OTTaHBAHlA cHe-
robo myOu c nenaputens. Ha GombulnucTBe HOBOCTpOmMHXcA cyAOB
™
|
|
JAS OXAAHHA BCEX MPOBHSHOHHEX KAALOBAIX MPHMeHAOT Bosay-
xooxmannreni.
B XOMOAWIBABIX YeTaHonKax, oGcayxKuBaLoULIx pedpickeparop-
HMe TpioMb mocpemcTHOM ciicTeMM BO3AzyUMOrO OXMarKAeHHA, TpK-
MelsI0T BosAyXOOXAaANTeAH. B HUX OxAaxqeHMe BO3LYXa Mponcxo-
AUT B peayalbTaTe eTO CONPUKOCHOBEHHA Cc MOBEPXtOCTsIO TeNI006-
MeHHBIX TPY6, BHYTPH KOTOPBIX KUNKT XonOAMABMLA arent Haim uAp-
kyalupyet MpoMexyrouami XonomoHocHTeM — paccos Ha voRa.
B nepsom caysae annapar waaspawoT cyxuM Bo3zyxooxaaguTenew
HeMOcpescTBeHHOTO OXAAXACHHA, BO BTOPOM — cYXHM BOIAYXOOXLa-
auTediem paccomsHoro oxaaxqenua, Cyxie BosayXooxaaquTeAn DH
Toausor B Bie MeTamaKNeckoll KaMepH C OXTAXKAAIOMUM aMeeBH-
KOM H3 opeOpeubix TpyG. Bosayx B KaMepe Bo3zyxooxaaurena
JewxeTeA MepHenguKysApHo ocn Tpy6. TenstoBan HarpysKa enapH-
reas, Br,
Qu= 6.4%,
rae G,— Macca xoaoguasHoro arexra,
purene, xr/c;
do— yaembilaa macconas
Mpoxoxauero yepes nema
XOAOLONPONSBOANTETBHOCTS areHTa,
KJbKlkr.
Vaeusuas TeiioBad Harpyska Henapurens
Q
WF
rae Fy — Tettalonepenaiomtas nonepxiocth ucnapurens, M’. Yaens-
Hag TenoBad HarpysKa gy cocTaBAseT jaa peoHOBIX HcTapHTe-
nell: opeOpenunx Gatapeli — or 9,3 40 14 Br/x®; noaayxooxaagute-
sleli mpi ekopoctsx nosayxa 5—8 ule — or 50 20 70 Balu’; Komy-
OTPYOUBX MPH ckopocrsx paccota oT 0,75 a0 2 w/e — or 2300 20
3500. Br/s2.
Tensonylo uarpysky HenapuTean mowuo npescranHTb TakKe (op-
uysiok
Qu = kFO,
rae k—xoopanuenr tenaoneperau uenapurets, Br/(s?-°C);
O—cpeauan pasHocTh TemMepatyp oxiaxAaemoh cpem uM KH-
Naulero xomoANAMEHOTO aTeHTA, KOTOPAR oMpeneascTeA KAK
cpeaisaa aoraplibmuveckan paanoctb:
rae t/p—t"p — Temmepatypét paccota wa Bxoge B iicnapHTeAb H BH
Xona u3 Hero, °C;
fy — Temmepatypa Kunenna arenta, °C.
8 15, BCNOMOFATEMbHBIE ANMAPATEL H TPYBONPOBOABI
Macaoorgeauteau, Tipequaanauenit sacaooreantean jaa ot-
Resets Macca, YHOCHMOTO MapoM 43 KapTepa KOMMpeccopa; yeTa~
HaBaTMBAlOTCA OMI Ha HarueTaTe-tbHoM TpyGonponoxe MexAY KoMN-
PeCCOpOM HL KOHACHCATOPOM.
Paccnorpim Macaoorzeanrens tina OUB dupws: «Jlanpoce
(puc. 30), wnpoKo pacnpocrpaxennti na cyaax, moctpoeHHBIXx no
saxasy CCCP ga rpannuell. Heperperiai nap xaaqoua Ha Kowmpec-
copa nloctynaet B MacaooTsemuTen> “epes uiTyuep J 4, mpolia Bo-
Kpyr MacaaHoro pesepayapa 2, flonaxaer B cettapatop 4, npexctan-
amiounii coGoi npoctpancrao, orpartienHoe Kopnycom it MeTastast-
NeCKHMH CeTKAMH, SaNlOAHeHHOe GecMopaO¥HO H r¥eTo Mepen.teTert-
Hof MexHoi nposoaoKoh. Tp mpoxore sepes nposomowenil xa6u-
PHHT cenaparopa yMenbulaeTea cKopocth H HsMeHseTeR Kanpab-te-
HHe ABHxeHHA Mapa, Kanau Maca, mpiteceaxoro mapow arena,
OMenmoTeR OT Hero H OcAAMLAIOTCA Ha NOBEPXHOCTH MPOBOOKIH
Oraenusureecs Maco Yepes ceTuaTyIo Meperopoaky 3 creKaer B pe-
seppyap 2, a nap Xsagoua vepes Bropol mTyWep HanpaBtneTet B
KoHjlencaTop
Koraa yponets Maca p MacaooTgequTene nopuiuaercs, nonaa-
Bok 5, mepememaioumiica oTHOCHTembHO OcH 6, OTKPLiBaeT Hrombua-
Thi Kaanaw 7, H OTAeMHBWIeecH Maco Yepes wiTyHep 8 BosBpaia-
etea B Kaptep KoMmpeccopa. Tlo.torpes wacaa, waxoamuferoca 2 pe-
Puc. 30, Macaooraemmtens tina OUB dupwa
