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Lecture 04 - Constructor and Method, Variables

Constructor and methods differ in several ways: constructors initialize objects and have no explicit return type, while methods exhibit object functionality and can have a return type. Variables in Java include local variables declared in blocks, instance variables that are non-static fields with one copy per object, and static variables that are global fields with one copy per class.

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56 views

Lecture 04 - Constructor and Method, Variables

Constructor and methods differ in several ways: constructors initialize objects and have no explicit return type, while methods exhibit object functionality and can have a return type. Variables in Java include local variables declared in blocks, instance variables that are non-static fields with one copy per object, and static variables that are global fields with one copy per class.

Uploaded by

Diana Hartan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 4: Constructor and method, Variables

Difference between constructor and method in java:


Constructor Method
Constructor is a special method of a class but Methods are invoked explicitly.
can’t be invoked directly like method call.
Constructors are invoked implicitly
It has the same name as its class name. Can have same name as its class name, but the
existence of return type makes it a method
(unfortunately looks like constructor).
It is not a member of a class as it can neither Dot (.) operator is used to invoke non-static
be inherited nor invoked using dot methods via objects and static methods via
(.) operator. class name.
It has no explicit return type. It has explicit return type, if there is nothing to
return, the return type must be void.

It is used to initialize an object that is being


Method is used to exhibits functionality of an
created with the new operator. object.
In case constructor is not present, a default
In the case of a method, no default method is
constructor is provided by java compiler. provided.
A constructor can never be abstract or static.
A method is of two types defined
(implemented) or undefined (abstract).The
method implementation can be further
categorized as static on non -static. An abstract
method can’t be static or final.
Can be specified as public, none (default), Access specifiers public, none (default),
protected or private. protected or private are applicable.

Can’t be final, native or synchronized. Can be final, native, static or synchronized.


E.g. E.g.
class T{T(){}} class T{void T(){}}

Variables in Java:
Local variable:
Local variables are those which are declared within any block of code like methods,
constructor or initialization block. A block defines a scope. We cannot use access specifier in
local variable.
E.g. class T{
psvm(…){
int i;
}
}

Member Variable:
Member variables in a class called fields.
There are two kinds of member variable: instance and static.
Instance variable:
A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of the method, is called instance
variable. It is not declared as static. It has one copy per instance of a class.
E.g. class T{
int i;
}

Static variable:
Instance variables declared as static (global like) at the class level are, essentially, global
variables.
It has one copy per class so it saves memory.
E.g. class T{
static int i;
}

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