Kanenus TVET College connect hardware Peripheral

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUPPORT SERVICE
Level I
Learning Guide # 1
Unit of Competence: Connect Hardware Peripherals

Module Title: Connecting Hardware Peripherals

LG Code: ICT ITS1 M01 LO1-01

TTLM Code: ICT ITS1 TTLM1 0511

Introduction To computer

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What is computer?

Computer: is electronic machine that perform that input, process, output and storage
Information.

Fundamental computer system

Hardware - Physical components that make up a computer system

Software - Computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling
computer Hardware what to do and how to do it

An Operating System is a computer program that manages the resources of a computer. It

accepts keyboard or mouse inputs from users and displays the results of the actions and allows
the user to run applications, or communicate with other computers via networked connections.

An operating system (OS):- is a collection of software that manages computer

hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.

-is a vital component of the system software in a computer system.

-Application programs usually require an operating system to function.

- It accepts keyboard or mouse inputs from users and displays the results of

the actions and allows the user to run applications.

Operating systems

Welcome
Welcome to the unit Connect Hardware Peripherals one of the elective units in the
Information Technology Level-I. This unit of competency is about connecting hardware
peripherals according to instructions.
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Learning Pathway
 Following installation instructions supplied with peripheral devices
 Installing and testing at least a keyboard, mouse, and printer, plus at least two
other external peripheral devices, one of which must be a storage device.
 Applying Occupational Health and Safety guidelines for attaching and/or
removing devices and cables from a computer
 Interpreting a variety of troubleshooting charts/diagrams/tables
 Familiarisation with organizational hardware blueprint

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the

Following content coverage and topics –

 Connect Hardware peripherals

 Obtain required peripherals

 Confirm requirements of client

 Connect workstation to the internet.

Connect Hardware peripherals

Overview of peripheral devices
Peripheral devices are the devices that are attached to the computer’s system unit.
They can be divided into either:
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 communication or processing
 Storage devices.
Examples of peripheral devices include:
 monitors
 printers
 scanners
 speakers
 headphones
 digital cameras
 video cameras
 joy sticks

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 USB flash drives

 Zip drives
 MP3 players
 microphones
 external modems
 data projectors
 web cams.
1.1. Input Device

Input Device: Used to enter data or instruction to the computer.

Keyboard

Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps in inputting data to the
computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are
some additional keys provided for performing additional functions.

Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108
keys are also available for Windows and Internet.

The keys on the keyboard are as follows:

Sr.No Keys Description

These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (0-9) which
1 Typing Keys
generally give same layout as that of typewriters.
It is used to enter numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists
2 Numeric Keypad of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most
adding machines and calculators.
The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which are arranged
3 Function Keys in a row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has unique meaning
and is used for some specific purpose.
These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional
4 Control keys arrow keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up,
Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).
Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift,
5 Special Purpose Keys Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

There are two type of keyboard

 Ps2 and USB

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PS/2: is a type of port used by older computers for connecting input devices such as
keyboards and mice. The port was introduced with IBM's Personal System/2 computer in
1987 (which was abbreviated "PS/2"). In the following years, the PS/2 port became the
standard connection for keyboards and mice in all IBM compatible computers.

The PS/2 port has six pins and is roughly circular in shape. Since each PS/2 port is designed to
accept a specific input, the keyboard and mouse connections are typically color-coded. For
example, the keyboard port on the back of the computer is often purple, while the mouse port is
usually green. Similarly, the connector on the end of the keyboard cord is purple and the mouse
cord connector is green. This makes it easy for all users to know where to plug the cables into the
computer. The concept is similar to the color-coded composite audio/video connections on the
back of a TV, which use red, white, and yellow connectors.

While the PS/2 port enjoyed a good run for almost two decades, now most keyboards and mice
use USB connectors. Unlike PS/2 ports, USB devices can be plugged into any USB port or even
a USB hub and the computer will automatically determine what the device is. USB is also "hot
swappable," meaning the connections can be removed while the computer is running. If you
remove a PS/2 device while the computer is on, it may potentially cause damage to the hardware.
Therefore, if you are using a PS/2 device, it is best to turn off the computer before connecting or
unplugging a keyboard or mouse.

There are two type of keyboard

USB keyboard

PS2 keyboard

Mouse

Mouse is most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device having a small
palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of mouse and sends
corresponding signals to CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.

Generally it has two buttons called left and right button and a wheel is present between the
buttons. Mouse can be used to control the position of cursor on screen, but it cannot be used to
enter text into the computer.

Advantages
 Easy to use

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 Not very expensive

 Moves the cursor faster than the arrow keys of keyboard.

 Mouse:- is a hand held pointing device that used to select and moves items
on the screen.
There is five common mouse actions:
1. Point: moving the mouse pointer that you see on the screen of
the computer.

2. Click: press and release the left mouse button. it usually selects
an item on screen.
3. Double Click: quickly press and release the left mouse button
twice. Usually open a document or starts a program.
4. Right click: press and release the right-mouse button. It usually
display a list of commands.
5. Drag(click + Hold): Dragging requires more physical effort than
moving the same pointing device without holding down any
buttons.

Trackball
 These devices work like a standard mouse except the users rolls a ball inside a base rather
than moving the device across the table top. Many users prefer a trackball to a mouse,
because it involves less wrist movement, reducing repetitive-motion issues.

Touchpad
 This is a device typically found on laptop computers. It works like a mouse or trackball,
except it's a flat panel you move your finger across. The motion of your finger registers
as cursor movement on the screen. Many touchpads now enable gestures to scroll through
documents or zoom in on a photo. Buttons are typically below the touchpad.

Graphics Tablet
 These devices are used like a piece of paper and a pencil. These allow artists to draw
more naturally in a graphics application. They have a stylus that looks like a plastic
pencil that you can use to draw on a flat panel. The device will register the pressure of the
user's hand to draw lighter or darker lines on screen. Many even have erasers on the back
that allow you to erase mistakes with the stylus.

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Touch screen Monitor

 These devices double as an output and input device. They display the computer
environment on screen, and allow a user to manipulate and interface with it just by
touching the screen. These can take the place of a mouse and even a keyboard if a virtual
keyboard application is installed.

Joystick
 These devices are primarily used for computer gaming. They consist of a stick on a base
with various buttons that all have different functions. It operates similar to a yoke on an
aircraft, making them suitable for flight simulators.
 Joystick:-It is also called as game controller device.Joystick is a remote control device
which is used in gaming purpose.We will also play game with keyboard but joystick
gives more simplicity and more speed than keyboard.

Scanner

 These devices allow a user to input a photograph or document into the computer. By
placing a piece of media in a scanner, you can create an image file that can be opened and
manipulated on the computer.
 Scanner:-Scanner is a example of input device which are mainly used to check OMR
sheets.It is also used to copy text,images in the form of soft copy.

Microphone
 This is a device used to input voice data and sound. You hold the microphone up to a
source, most likely a person's mouth, and it registers the sounds and inputs them into
audio recording applications. This will let you do many things, from recording a song to
talking to someone on Skype.

Webcam
 This is a small video camera that takes video and inputs it into the computer. These allow
you to record and send small videos or have a video chat with someone over the Internet.
1.2. Back of the PC and it’s ports

Whatever external devices you have, they're all connected to the system unit (where the actual
"computing" takes place) via cables. Each cable plugs into a specific port on the system unit.
The ports are usually on the back of the system unit. But they can be on front or side as well.

Figure: shows examples of ports

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Or parallel port

Types of ports:

 Serial: - transfer data one bit at a time; 56kbps.

Serial connector

 Parallel: - Transfer eight bit of data simultaneously; 12Mbps.

Printer parallel connector

Parallel Connector =male form
 LTP1( parallel Port) or DB-25 Connector: is familiar of the D-shape connector.
 Connection arrange into two rows.
 VGA:- Transfer information that processed in the computer to monitor.

VGA Connector = male form

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VGA port
 VGA Port (DB-15 connector): - Contain three rows of five connection points.
o -Should on the computer in its female form.
o -Familiar shape of D-shape connector.
o Used for VGA monitor & LCD projector.

 USB (Universal Serial Bus): Transfer speed up to 480Mbps; Hot swapping.

USB connector
 Network connector:- transfer rate of 100Mbps; connects computers to networks.

NIC connector

RJ-45 Connector:- usually accepts eight wires or four pairs.

 Used for Token ring networking.

 Used anywhere UTP cables.

Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presence
of your teacher.

Activity 1: Showing the image below, demonstrate required peripherals for each
port.

Activity 2: Identify USB compatible devices:

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Name four devices that can connect to a computer via USB port

__________________________________

________________________________

_________________________________

________________________________

Computer Ports

A port is an interface on a computer to which you can connect a device. Most ports are
located at the back of the computer. Same ports are physically part of motherboard or
are connected directly to the motherboard, where board other ports are physically part
of or connected directly to the expansion Card.

Identify Ports and Connector

No Images Ports Types of Purpose

connector
1

Identify Ports and Colors

No Types of Ports Color

1 PS2 keyboard Purple
2 PS2 mouse Green
3 Line In Blue
4 Line Out Green
5 Microphone Pink
6 Serial Blue
7 Parallel Pink
8 VGA Blue

Computer case

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The case of the PC is a metal or plastic box designed to hold protect the motherboard,the drivers
and power supplies.

The computer case:- is your computer’s housing.

Types of computer Case

 Tower case
 Desktop

1.3. Output Device

Following are few of the important output devices which are used in a computer.

 Monitors
 Graphic Plotter
 Printer

Monitors

Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a
computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form.
The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of pixels.

There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors.

 Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

 Flat- Panel Display

Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor

The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels, the
better the image clarity, or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form whole
character, such as the letter ‘e’ in the word help.

A finite number of characters can be displayed on a screen at once. The screen can be divided
into a series of character boxes - fixed location on the screen where a standard character can be
placed. Most screens are capable of displaying 80 characters of data horizontally and 25 lines
vertically. There are some disadvantages of CRT:

 Large in Size
 High power consumption

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Flat-Panel Display Monitor

The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and
power requirement in comparison to the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on your
wrists. Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop
computer, graphics display.

The flat-panel display is divided into two categories:

 Emissive Displays - The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into
light. Example are plasma panel and LED(Light-Emitting Diodes).
 Non-Emissive Displays - The Non-emissive displays use optical effects to convert
sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. Example is LCD(Liquid-
Crystal Device)

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Comparison b/n CRT and LCD Computer monitors

CRT Monitor LCD Monitor
High power consumption Low power consumption
Cheap Expensive
Occupy space Occupy less space
Hard for eyes Easer for eyes

Printers

Printer is an output device, which is used to print information on paper.

There are two types of printers:

 Impact Printers
 Non-Impact Printers

Impact Printers

The impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon which is then pressed on
the paper.

Characteristics of Impact Printers are the following:

 Very low consumable costs

 Very noisy
 Useful for bulk printing due to low cost
 There is physical contact with the paper to produce an image

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These printers are of two types

 Character printers
 Line printers

Character Printers

Character printers are the printers which print one character at a time.

These are further divided into two types:

 Dot Matrix Printer(DMP)

 Daisy Wheel

Dot Matrix Printer

In the market one of the most popular printers is Dot Matrix Printer. These printers are popular
because of their ease of printing and economical price. Each character printed is in form of
pattern of dots and head consists of a Matrix of Pins of size (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which come
out to form a character that is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer.

Advantages

 Inexpensive
 Widely Used
 Other language characters can be printed

Disadvantages

 Slow Speed
 Poor Quality

Daisy Wheel

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Head is lying on a wheel and pins corresponding to characters are like petals of Daisy (flower
name) that is why it is called Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are generally used for word-
processing in offices which require a few letters to be sent here and there with very nice quality.

Advantages

 More reliable than DMP

 Better quality
 The fonts of character can be easily changed

Disadvantages

 Slower than DMP

 Noisy
 More expensive than DMP

Line Printers

Line printers are the printers which print one line at a time.

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These are of further two types

 Drum Printer
 Chain Printer

Drum Printer

This printer is like a drum in shape so it is called drum printer. The surface of drum is divided
into number of tracks. Total tracks are equal to size of paper i.e. for a paper width of 132
characters, drum will have 132 tracks. A character set is embossed on track. The different
character sets available in the market are 48 character set, 64 and 96 characters set. One rotation
of drum prints one line. Drum printers are fast in speed and can print 300 to 2000 lines per
minute.

Advantages

 Very high speed

Disadvantages

 Very expensive
 Characters fonts cannot be changed

Chain Printer

In this printer, chain of character sets are used so it is called Chain Printer. A standard character
set may have 48, 64, or 96 characters.

Advantages

 Character fonts can easily be changed.

 Different languages can be used with the same printer.

Disadvantages

 Noisy

Non-impact Printers

Non-impact printers print the characters without using ribbon. These printers print a complete
page at a time so they are also called as Page Printers.

These printers are of two types

 Laser Printers
 Inkjet Printers

Characteristics of Non-impact Printers

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 Faster than impact printers.

 They are not noisy.
 High quality.
 Support many fonts and different character size.

Laser Printers

These are non-impact page printers. They use laser lights to produce the dots needed to form the
characters to be printed on a page.

Advantages

 Very high speed

 Very high quality output
 Give good graphics quality
 Support many fonts and different character size

Disadvantages

 Expensive.
 Cannot be used to produce multiple copies of a document in a single printing.

Inkjet Printers

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Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a relatively new technology. They print
characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality output
with presentable features.

They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have many styles of printing
modes available. Colour printing is also possible. Some models of Inkjet printers can produce
multiple copies of printing also.

Advantages

 High quality printing

 More reliable

Disadvantages

 Expensive as cost per page is high

 Slow as compared to laser printer

1.4. Storage Device

USB flash drive

Storage Device
A small, portable device that plugs into a
computer’s USB port and operates as a
portable hard drive. USB flash drives are
considered to be an ideal method to
transport data, as they are small enough to
be carried in a pocket and can plug into
any computer with a USB drive. Other
names for flash drives are thumb drives,
pen drives or USB drives.
Self Check 1 Written Test

Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel
free to ask your teacher.

Match the most appropriate peripheral device to each of these tasks.

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Peripheral device Task

USB Flash drive, Zip drive Display a video image of

or external CD yourself over the Internet

Speakers Project a computer’s display

onto a big screen

Data projector Store large amounts of data in a

portable format

Web cam Output an audio signal

Peripheral device Task

USB Flash drive, Zip drive

or external CD

Speakers

Data projector

Web cam

Activity 2 – Computer Connections

Connect the computer with all input and output device which used in the computer shop.

Activity 3 – Input / Output Devices

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Complete the following activities:

1. Tick whether each device below is and INPUT or OUTPUT device and whether it is
ESSENTIAL or OPTIONAL.

Peripheral Input Output Essential Optional

Printer        

Monitor        

Mouse        

Keyboard        

CD Burner        

Scanner        

Graphics Tablet        

Touch Screen        

Bar Code Reader        

Microphone        

2. Look at your computer at home. Make a list of all the INPUT and OUTPUT devices
that are connected to it.

3. For each of the following devices, list one specification or criteria you would consider
when deciding to buy it.

1. Monitor
2. Laser Printer

3. Modem

4. Scanne

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Activity 4 - Peripheral Devices

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the definition of a

Peripheral?

2. What does a typical computer

system consist of?

3. How many peripherals can you see

on the computer in front of you? Name
them.

4. Where are peripherals connected?

5. List the ESSENTIAL peripherals?

6. List 4 OPTIONAL peripherals that

could be used to extend the capabilities
of a computer.

7. What is the difference between

INPUT and OUTPUT devices? Provide
an OPTIONAL and ESSENTIAL device
for each.

8. What is a DEVICE DRIVER?

The Keyboard
Answer these questions.

1. Why was the QWERTY keyboard

designed with its particular layout?

2. Where does the QWERT keyboard

get its name?

3. Name the four main groups of keys

found on the 102-key enhanced
keyboard.

4. CTRL, ALT and SHIFT keys are

what type of keys?

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5. How is the Microsoft Natural

keyboard more ERGONOMIC?

Activity 5 - The Mouse

Answer these questions.

1. What is the purpose of a mouse?

2. What two systems function in a

mouse?

3. What is the unit of measurement

used by a mouse, and what is the
smallest measurement?

4. What software does the computer

use to understand the signals coming
from the mouse?

5. list the steps you would take to

change the mouse settings on a
computer.

6. Name two devices that can be

featured on laptops instead of a mouse

Activity 6 – The Scanner

1. Find a diagram on the Internet that demonstrates how a scanner works.

2. Explain in numbered steps how a document is scanned into a computer. (type an
explanation and include the picture from step 1 in this document.)
3. What does OCR mean and how does it work.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________

4. Give an example of how the retail industry uses scanning technology in everyday
trading.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Activity 7 – Peripheral Revision Homework

Tick whether each device below is and INPUT or OUTPUT device and whether it is ESSENTIAL or
OPTIONAL.

Peripheral Input Output Essential Optional

Printer

Monitor

Mouse

Keyboard

CD Burner

Scanner

Graphics Tablet

Touch Screen

Bar Code Reader

Microphone

1. Look at your computer at home. Make a list of all the INPUT and OUTPUT devices that
are connected to it.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. For each of the following devices, list one thing you would consider when deciding to buy
it.

a. Monitor: _________________________________________________________

b. Printer: _________________________________________________________

c. Modem: _________________________________________________________

d. Scanner: ________________________________________________________

Activity 8 – Testing Peripherals

Test your MOUSE and KEYBOARD.

Create a Word document called Peripheral Test and for each write the following:-

1. How you tested the device. (The process you followed)

2. A brief report on the results of the test. (faults discovered, problems, etc)
3. Recommendations (What needs to be done to restore device, if necessary)

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Activity 9 – Ports

1. What is the difference between a PARALLEL port and a SERIAL port?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. Give at least TWO examples of peripherals that can be plugged into each.

a. PARALLEL:
_______________________________________________________

b. SERIAL: _________________________________________________________

3. What does SCSI mean? __________________________________________________

4. What is a SCSI Interface?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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