Transient Stability Example 1
Objectives:
1. Determine Critical Fault Clearing Time (CFCT).
2. Observe first swing and second swing unstable situations.
3. Discuss other interesting things.
Steps:
1. Load Project
TS_IEEE9Bus.
2. First Run
Create a study case FaultLine3 (a sustained fault).
Run FaultLine3 and check generator rotor angle plots.
Identify G2 rotor relative rotor angle reaches 180º at approximately 0.341 sec. @ 1st swing.
3. Second Run
Add an action to open Line3 at 0.3 sec. (< 0.341 sec.).
Rerun the case and check generator rotor angle plots.
Identify G2 rotor relative angle reaches 180º at approximately 0.351 sec. (> 0.341 sec.) @ 1 st
swing.
4. Third Run
Reduce the action time to open Line3 to 0.2 sec.
Rerun the case and check generator rotor angle plots.
Identify G2 rotor relative angle reaches 180º at approximately 0.461 sec. @ 1st swing.
5. Forth Run
Reduce the action time to open Line3 to 0.144 sec.
Rerun the case and check generator rotor angle plots.
Identify G2 rotor relative angle reaches 180º degree at approximately 1.29 sec. @ 2nd swing.
6. Fifth Run
Further reduce the action time to open Line3 to 0.142 sec.
Rerun the case and check generator rotor angle plots.
G2 rotor relative angle is less than 137º during the entire oscillation.
7. Conclusions
Critical Fault Clearing Time (CFCT) = 0.142 sec. (= 8 cycles).
Usually give one cycle transient stability margin. So CFCT = 7 cycles.
8. Final Run
Set the action time to open Line3 to CFCT = 7 cycles = 0.125 sec.
Rerun the case and check generator rotor angle plots.
G2 rotor relative angle is less than 115º during the entire oscillation.
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 2
Transient Stability Example 1
Summary Table:
Fault Clearing Time - FCT (sec.) Max G2 Rotor Angle (º) Time (sec.) Remarks
Infinite > 180 0.341 1st swing
0.300 > 180 0.351 1st swing
0.200 > 180 0.461 1st swing
0.144 > 180 1.29 2nd swing
0.142 (CFCT) < 137 N/A N/A
0.125 (with 1 cycle margin) < 115 N/A N/A
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 2
Transient Stability Example 2
Objectives:
1. Enter Synchronous Generator Data
2. Set Up Study Case Parameters
3. Check One-Line Display, Plots, Reports
4. Simulate A Bus Fault
5. Determine Critical System Separation Time
6. Perform Fault Isolation / System Separation
7. Perform Bus Transfer by Checking Bus Voltage/Hz Vector Difference
8. Perform Load Shedding Using Frequency Relay
Steps:
1. Load Project
TS_Example2
2. Enter Generator Data:
Generator Gen1
Imp/Model Page
Rotor Type Round-Rotor
Dynamic Model Subtransient (Typical Data)
Inertia Page
Generator Inertia 0.9 MW-sec/MVA
Exciter Page
Exciter Type 1 (Sample Data)
Governor Page
Governor Type ST1 (Sample Data)
PSS Page
PSS Type None
3. Edit Study Case to Simulate a Bus Fault:
Events Page (Solution Parameters)
Simulation Time Step 0.001 sec.
Plot Time Step 10 x dt.
Total Simulation Time 10 sec.
Events Page (Events)
Event ID FaultMainBus
Time 0.5 sec.
Events Page (Actions)
Device Type Bus
Device ID Main Bus
Action 3 Phase Fault
Plot Page
Plot Syn. Generator Gen1
Plot Ind. Machines, MV Mtr2, Pump 1
Plot Bus Main Bus, Sub2B, Sub22, Sub23.
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 3
Transient Stability Example 2
4. Run TS Study (1st time):
Run Transient Stability
Observe one-line display, plots and reports
5. Modify Study Case to Isolate the Fault by System Separation:
Events Page (Events)
Event ID (new) SysSeparate
Time 0.7 sec.
Events Page (Actions)
st
Device Type (1 ) Circuit Breaker
Device ID CB2
Action Open
nd
Device Type (2 ) Circuit Breaker
Device ID CB10
Action Open
rd
Device Type (3 ) Generator
Device ID Gen1
Action Isoch.
Dyn Model Page
Reference Machine Auto Assign A Reference Machine for each Sub-system
6. Re-Run TS Study (2nd time):
Observe Gen1 power angle, output power, Efd, etc.
Observe bus voltages.
Observe Mtr2 and Pump 1 slip, acceleration power, etc.
7. Modify Study Case to Simulate a Bus Transfer:
Check Voltage/Hz difference and Voltage Angle between bus Sub22 and Bus23 to find out an
appropriate transferring time. (Note: Per standard, Voltage/Hz between the two buses should be
less than 1.33 p.u. or 133%)
Events Page (Events)
Event ID (new) BusTransfer
Time 0.75 sec. (3 cycles)
Events Page (Actions)
Device Type Circuit Breaker
Device ID CB25
Action Close
8. Re-Run TS Study (3rd time):
Observe Mtr2 slip, acceleration power, voltage, etc.
Observe system frequency
Observe bus Sub22, Sub 23 voltages
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 3
Transient Stability Example 2
9. Modify Study Case to Use LTC to Improve Bus Voltage:
Dyn Model Page
Check Include LTC Action
10. Use Frequency Relay to Perform Load Shedding:
Load She Priority Table:
Load Group MW Loading Control Interlock Priority
DC System 0.658 CB19 Lower Priority
Sub3 Net 1.447 CB9 Higher Priority
Option 1: Shed load by event and action
Option 2: Shed load by frequency relay
FR1 Activate
Over/Under Under
Setting (1st) 96
Unit %Hz
CB ID CB19
Action Open
Delay 1 sec.
Setting (2nd) 99
Unit %Hz
CB ID CB9
Action Open
Delay 5 sec.
Set 81 Relay In Service
11. Re-Run TS Study (4th time):
Observe system frequency
Check Action List View for all actions
Observe bus voltages
Check to see if there are any other problems
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 3 of 3
Steps for GenerationPlant_TS_Sample1
1. Load project GenerationPlant_TS_Sampel1.
2. Select Base revision data, OLV1 presentation, and Operating configuration.
3. Select Salient-Pole Subtransient model and typical data for Gen1 and Gen2.
4. Enter PrimeMover H 0.5 and Generator H 3.5 for Gen1 and Gen2.
5. Select AC2 exciter type and sample data for Gen1 and Gen2.
6. Select ST2 governor type and sample data for Gen1 and Gen2.
7. Select Single2 HV-HS-HT MV4700HP4P model for Mtr1 and accept Update option.
8. Enter Motor H 1.1 and Load H 0.5 for Mtr1.
9. Select COMP CENT load model for Mtr1.
10. Set to TS study mode.
11. Open Study Case Editor for TS case.
12. Enter Total Simulation Time 40 sec. and Plot Time Step 50.
13. Add an event 1 at 1.000 sec.
14. Add an action of bus Gen2 Bus 3 Phase Fault to the event 1.
15. Select to plot Gen1, Gen2, Mtr1, bus 241X, 242X, Gen1 Bus, Gen2 Bus, SWGR 251, SWGR 252.
16. Run TS study with output FaultGen2Bus.
17. Select both Gen1 and Gen2 to plot. Check Generator Relative Power Angle. Notice Gen2 power
angle exceeds 180 degree (slip-the-pole) at 1.4 sec.
18. Open Study Case Editor for TS case.
19. Add the second event 2 at 1.400 sec. (0.4 sec. after the fault).
20. Add an action of bus Gen2 Bus Clear Fault to the event 2.
21. Run TS study with output ClearFault0_4Sec.
22. Select both Gen1 and Gen2 to plot. Check Generator Relative Power Angle. Notice Gen2 power
angle still exceeds 180 degree (slip-the-pole).
23. Open Study Case Editor for TS case.
24. Modify the second event (clear fault) time from 1.400 sec. down and run the study to check Gen2
relative power angle to see whether it will be less than 180 degree (stable).
25. Eventually find out the second event (clear fault) time at 1.300 sec. (0.3 sec. after the fault) to
keep Gen2 relative power angle less than 180 degree (stable). Save the output ClearFault0_3Sec.
26. Set VR1 In Service and add two UnderVoltage (27) Control Interlock: 70 V% CB14 and CB15
Open 0.002 sec. Delay.
27. Set VR2 In Service and add two OverVoltage (59) Control Interlock: 90 V% CB14 and CB15
Close 1.000 sec. Delay.
28. Set VR3 In Service and add two UnverVoltage (27) Control Interlock: 70 V% CB13 and CB16
Open 0.002 Delay.
29. Set VR4 In Service and add two OverVoltage (59) Control Interlock: 90 V% CB13 and CB16
Close 1.000 sec. Delay.
30. Run TS study with output ClearFault0_3SecWithVRelay.
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 2
Steps for GenerationPlant_TS_Sample1
31. Check Gen2 relative power angle maximum
32. View Transient Stability Action List for all actions (study case and relay):
33. One-line view at 4.051 sec. (CB13, CB14, CB15, CB16 open).
34. One-line view at 26.848 sec. (CB13, CB14, CB15, CB16 re-closed).
ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 2
