*helloo paki lagay nalang po name niyo beside ng input niyoo, thankss
Property Open-chain hydrocarbons Closed-chain hydrocarbons
Physical ● Kyla- Carbon chain atoms are ● Kyla- Carbon chain atoms are
not cyclic in a ring formation
Chemical ● Kyla- Have relatively low ● Kyla- Have a higher boiling
boiling points because of the point since the molecules can
weak dispersion forces that get closer together according to
hold the atoms together. their ring structure
***pati rin po references,, salamatt!
Reference:
(1) Buhari, A. (2014, January 25) Science Revision. Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/AMINBUHARI/science-revision-30419750
(2) Clark, J. (2020, May 31) Physical Properties of Alkanes. Chemistry Libre Texts.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map
%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)/03%3A_Structure_and_Stereochemistry_of_Alkanes/4.02%3A_Physical_Properties_of_Al
kanes
(3) Clark, J. (2015, July) Introducing Alkanes and Cycloalkanes.
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alkanes/background.html#:~:text=It%20is%20more%20difficult%20for,together
%20as%20long%20thin%20ones.&text=The%20slightly%20higher%20boiling%20points,tidier%20and%20less
%20%22wriggly%22!
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Physical Property
Compound
Physical State Solubility Boiling Point Melting Point Polarity
● Alkanes are
● Alkanes have a
● Alkanes also have nonpolar because
● Alkanes molecules are relatively low
a very low melting of the difference in
nonpolar, that explains boiling point due to
● Alkanes can be gases, point because of the
why they are insoluble the weak dispersion
Alkanes liquids or solids at room the weak electronegativity
in water and soluble in force that holds
temperature. intermolecular between C-H
nonpolar and slightly them together in
forces between atoms, the C-H
polar solvents. the liquid state.
alkane molecules. bond is weakly
polar.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Physical Property
Compound
Physical State Solubility Boiling Point Melting Point Polarity
● colorless and odorless in
nature.
● Ethene is an exception
● The alkenes are ● The boiling points ● Alkenes are weakly polar
because it is a colorless
insoluble in water due to increase as the number ● The melting points depend but are slightly more
gas but has a faintly sweet
their nonpolar of carbon atoms in the upon the positioning of the reactive than alkanes due
odor.
characteristics. compound increases. molecules. to the presence of double
Alkenes ● The first three members of
● But are completely ● When alkenes are ● The melting point of bonds.
the alkene group are
soluble in nonpolar compared with alkanes, alkenes is similar to that of ● The π electrons can easily
gaseous in nature, the
solvents such as boiling points of both are alkanes. be removed or added as
next fourteen members
benzene, ligroin, etc. almost similar. they are weakly held.
are liquids and the
remaining alkenes are
solids.
● The boiling point of alkene
is determined by the
● Alkynes dissolve in ● Alkynes have higher regularity of the packing,
organic solvents, have boiling points than or the closeness, of these ● Alkyne has the greatest
● All alkynes are odorless
Alkynes slight solubility in polar alkanes or alkenes, molecules. polarity due to the sp
and colorless.
solvents, and are because the electric field ● The melting point of hybridization.
insoluble in water. of an alkyne. alkynes increases as their
molecular structure grows
bigger.
Homocyclic
Physical Property
Compound
Physical State Solubility Boiling Point Melting Point Polarity
● Aromatic compounds are
● Aromatic compounds’ ● It melts at a low
generally nonpolar and
boiling point is higher temperature. For a ● Aromatic compounds are
due its unreactive nature,
Aromatic ● Has a distinctive aroma. than other hydrocarbon benzene it melts at 5.5°C mostly nonpolar making it
they are useful as
compounds of its similar while a methylbenzene immiscible to water.
solvents for other
molecular size. melts at -95°C.
nonpolar compounds.
● Has a higher melting
point. When molecules are
● More soluble since bonds ● Have a relatively higher ● Less polar than the
tightly packed together, a
are less stable and thus boiling point since the aromatic compound
substance has a higher
Alicyclic ● Has no specific aroma. requires a less amount of molecules can get closer because of its single bond.
melting point than a
energy to break the together according to Polarity is directly
substance with molecules
bond. their ring structure proportional to bond order.
that do not pack well.
Smaller molecules melt
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Chemical Property
Compound
Flammability Reactivity
● Alkanes are the least reactive hydrocarbons. Due to
● Most alkanes are less flammable but some lower
the reason that the backbone carbon atoms in the
Alkanes alkanes are highly flammable and can make
alkane have attained their octet of electrons by
explosive mixtures when mixed with oxygen.
forming four covalent bonds.
Homocyclic
Chemical Property
Compound
Flammability Reactivity
● Aromatic compounds are less reactive than alkenes.
Aromatic ● All aromatic compounds are flammable. Due to this property, they are useful as solvents for other
nonpolar compounds.
● Less reactive because resonance increases the stability
of the molecule. The more stable a molecule is, the less
● Less flammable than aromatic because of the less stable
Alicyclic it wants to react. A decrease in stability results in an
ring of atoms and due to the lack of resonance.
increase in reactivity and an increase in stability causes
a decrease in reactivity.
Closed Chain Compounds
Homocyclic
Chemical Property
Compound
Flammability Reactivity
Aromatic
Alicyclic ● Less flammable than aromatic because of the ● Less reactive because resonance increases
less stable ring of atoms and due to the lack of the stability of the molecule. The more stable a
resonance. molecule is, the less it wants to react. A
decrease in stability results in an increase in
reactivity and an increase in stability causes a
decrease in reactivity.
References:
● https://byjus.com/chemistry/physical-properties-of-alkenes/
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkenes/Reactivity
_of_Alkenes#:~:text=Alkenes%20are%20relatively%20stable%20compounds,bond%2C%20forming%20new%20single
%20bonds.&text=Reagents%20are%20added%20through%20the,carbon%20in%20an%20addition%20reaction.
● docbrown.info/page04/OilProducts05.htm#:~:text=Alkenes%20readily%20burn%2C%20just%20like,if%20combustion%20is
%20complete%20e.g.&text=However%2C%20they%20are%20NOT%20used%20as%20fuels%20for%20two%20reasons.
● https://www.quora.com/Which-has-a-greater-polarity-alkane-alkene-or-alkyne
● https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrocarbon/Physical-properties
● https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/hydrocarbons/properties-of-alkynes/
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Chem_420_-
_Organic_Chemistry_I/Text/10%3A_Alkynes/10.01%3A_Structure_and_Physical_Properties#:~:text=Alkynes%20are
%20nonpolar%2C%20unsaturated%20hydrocarbons,have%20slightly%20higher%20boiling%20points.
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/alkenes-and-alkynes/
● https://guides.hostos.cuny.edu/che120
● https://www.pathwayz.org/Tree/Plain/PROPERTIES+OF+ALKANES
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkanes
● http://jamesliu4o216.blogspot.com/2011/08/physical-properties-of-alkanes.html
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkanes/Properties
_of_Alkanes/Chemical_Properties_of_Alkanes#:~:text=Methane%20through%20Butane%20are%20very,is%20solid%20at
%20room%20temperature.
● http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/vlu/vsc/en/ch/2/vlu/alkane/alk_eigenschaften.vlu.html
● https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/relationship-between-solubility-and-reactivity.353766/#:~:text=I'm%20pretty%20sure
%20that,is%20more%20reactive%20than%20Ca.
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_261_-
_Organic_Chemistry_I/01%3A_Organic_Structures_and_Bonding/1.6%3A_Physical_properties_of_organic_compounds
● https://byjus.com/questions/why-are-aromatic-aldehydes-less-reactive-than-aliphatic-aldehydes/
● https://socratic.org/questions/why-are-aromatic-aldehydes-less-reactive-than-aliphatic-aldehydes
