BIO PESTICIDES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE .
In known organic agriculture is the use of plants that act as natural insecticides or
biopesticides. Plants provide several important classes of insecticides that include
tobacco nicotine, rotenone from certain legume roots, and pyrethrins.
Nicotine sulfate, for example, is an insecticide that is extracted from the Nicotiana
Tabacum and Nicotiana rustica plants and is effective against aphids and other
soft-bodied insects. Rotenone, another insecticide compound extracted from the
Asian plants Derris elliptica and Derris malaccensis, and from the South American
plants Lonchocarpus utilis and Lonchocarpus urucú, is used in the form of crushed
roots or directly as vegetable extract, due to its low toxicity.
its part, pyrethrins are a group of six compounds extracted from the
chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium) that have insecticidal
action, and are of low toxicity and persistence, in addition to presenting high
efficacy on flying and crawling insects.
Among the plant biopesticides, the neem tree (Azaridachta indica A. Juss) is also
important, which has become famous as a botanical or natural insecticide. Of its
compounds, the one of greatest interest in pest control is azadirachtin. In 1994, Dr.
Casey Sclar already argued that this substance is antifeedant, that is, that it
generates an interference in the process of chemoreception of the insect, which
means that the azadirachtin blocks the sensory organs present in the buccal
apparatus of chewing insects, It also generates disorder in the motility of the
digestive system, and blocks the growth hormone protoracicotropica, so it affects
fecundity, mute, pupa and adult training.
They are also quite useful in organic agriculture, the so-called bio pesticides, which
are substances or agents that kill or prevent the development of fungi. They exert
their toxic action through the alteration of vital enzymes, the induction of protein
precipitation, or the dilution of the fungus's biophase to inhibit vital cellular
processes, which ultimately cause the death of the fungus cell.
Examples of plants used for such purposes are: rue, whose extract controls
anthracnose, a disease that occurs in the form of dark lesions on both the stem
and the leaves; papaya, which stands out for its fungicidal effects, so it is often
used a lot in vegetables, being very effective in the control of mildew and rust;
Onion, which when used whole has an incredible effect on powdery mildew, more
than anything in young plants, and applies both when the seed sprouts and when it
is in the growth phase: the mixture is usually 500 grams of onion for every 10 liters
of water; thyme, which like papaya, its active principle is able to act as a very
effective fungicide; the garlic that is used in the form of an infusion, in which 75
grams of garlic are mixed with 10 liters of water and it is applied very early in the
morning or when the sunset ends, since its action degrades with the sun and The
high temperatures; and finally the horsetail (Equisetum arvense), shrub that
contains a high silica index and that makes it a great fungicide against fungi such
as powdery mildew, mildew or rust, and is usually used as a curative or preventive
way, for It mixes a kilogram of horsetail with 10 liters of water.
Finally, these bio pesticides are not intended to replace chemical pesticides, but
seek more environmentally friendly methods, as a component of integrated pest
management, and that each farmer can begin to apply in their field
COMENTARIO:
Este articulo es muy interesante e importante ya que abarca una alternativa para
una mejora en la agricultura, alternativas que son de menor costo y que tienen el
un efecto las plagas. Usamos como parte principal el desarrollo sustentable para
que nosotros tengamos en cuenta que no haremos daño alguno al ambiente si
usamos estos plaguicidas. El desarrollo sustentable es parte fundamental ya que
creamos y usamos nuevas alternativas para que la sociedad tenga una mejora en
la calidad de vida pero como objetivo principal que nada afecte al ambiente, si
nosotros tenemos en cuenta estos plaguicidas y la composta como la alternativa
para usar compuestos químicos, entonces ayudaremos a que la tierra en donde se
cultiva no sea afectada por la erosión y esta sea más fértil, produciendo un efecto
domino, ya que entre mejor sea la tierra en donde se cultive mejor será el producto
cultivado y con ello una mejor ganancia para el campesino.
Como lo dice en el último párrafo “estos bioplaguicidas no pretenden sustituir
los plaguicidas químicos, sino buscar métodos más amigables con el medio
ambiente”, es claramente que gracias al uso de nuevas alternativas creadas por
los que están a favor de la mejora y la conservación del desarrollo sustentable,
podemos hacer el cambio y que la vida del medio ambiente se prolongue más
años.
No solo demos de tener en cuenta esta alternativa si no todas aquellas que
favorezcan al cuidado del medio ambiente, ya que no es cuestión de tiempo para
que las especies de fauna y flora se extingan a un ritmo acelerado, debemos de
cuidar al planeta tierra ya que es nuestro hogar.
