Question

Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis:

Ubiquinone transfer it's electron to :
Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate by which reaction?
Cleavage of fructose 1,6- biophosphate yileds:
Electron transport system is present in which of the following parts of mitochondria :
ATP synthesis is powered by :
Which substrate is used in the last step of glycolysis?
Which of the following is not formed during kreb cycle :
Which of the following electron transport chain components except only one electron :
Which of the following enzyme acts in the pantose phosphate pathway ?
The product formed in the first substrate level phosporylation in glycolysis is :
Glycolysis converts :
Which accept hydrogen from malate?
Which of the intermediate of the kreb's cycle is utilized in the formation of amino acid :
Cytochormes are present in:
Tca cycle is also known as ?
what is the final destination for the metabolism of fuel molecules?
The carbon skeletal of carbohydrates is converted into ?
Electrons derived from carbon skeleton and transferred to?
pyruvate from__is transported from cytoplasm to mitochndria
The reaction of TCA cycle is entirely with in the ?
The PDH complex catalyzes formation of acetyl CoA from
The PDH complex consist of multiple copies of ------ enzymes
Which enzyme is used to covert Fumarate into Malate??
in TCA cycle citrate is converted into ?
isocitrate dehydrogenase covert ____ into alpha- ketaglutarate?
isocitrate dehydrogenase is the major regulatry enzyme of??
oxidation of pyruvate yields?
In TCA cycle 2 residuel carbons of pyruvate is released as?
isocitrate dehydrogenase is allosterically inhinited by ?
conversion of o<-ketoglutarate to suucinyl CoA is inhinited by
acetyl CoA is the precursor for fatty acid and ____?
In ETC electrons carried by NADH ate transferred to ?
Electrons from both complex 1 & complex2 are transferred to?
ATP yields from glucose via oxidative phosphorylation is ??
substance that dissolves well in water are known as ?
molecules that dissolves sparingly in water are known as?
water molecules bond through which interaction?
Force acting to push together the liquid molecules ?
the amount of heat needed to convert from liquid to gas?
electrolytes are soluble in water because they are?
in glycolysis 1st step glucose is converted into
in glycolysis pyruvate is converted into?
glucose is converted into glucose 6- phosphate enzyme used?
end product of glycolysis is?
CoA enters the TCA cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate to
Hydrogen bonds are weak and rapidly breakdown and re-form upto_____ time per seconds,
The components that's separate or dissociate in water in to positivecharge cation and negativ
Solution of weak acids and bases acts as,
Bicarbonate ion is regulated mainly by excretion and synthesis in the,
The Amino acids are building blocks of,
How much Gycolysis produces ATP?
How many molecules are synthesized of NADH in glycolysis?
Proteins are devided in,
Last electron acceptor is,
Which one element is the last electron acceptor molecule in Electron Transport Chain
which enzyme is used to convert glucose into glucose 6- phosphate?
Degradation of glycogen results decrease in,
Insulin or glycogen ratio high when converted it into,
Dietary sugars are modified for synthesis of
Which fat have high energy content
Total net yield of ATP is,
In krebs cycle how many molecules of NADH is released?
Which tissue in the body energy are stored in the form of fat?
In Krebs cycle how many molecules of FADH releases?
Which Enzyme works as addition or substraction of electrons?
Which enzyme works as joining of the molecules together?
How many major types of Amphipathic lipids?
Wich one is the major organ of the body that synthesized the principal long term fuel, ketone
The process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate, called as
The enzyme glucokinase is found in
The main sites of breakdown of dietry carbohydrates are____&____
In glycolysis, glucose breaks down into____
The energy released in the process of glycolysis in the form of
The metabolism of pyruvate in also yields
Addition or subtraction of electrons are done by
Ketone bodies are formed when
In pentose phosphate pathhway, major products are
TCA cycle also known as
Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
What is the general term used for the anaerobic degradation of glucose to obtain ene
 Cleavage of Fructose 1, 6-biophosphate yields ___________, in glycolysis
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rapidly and reversibly converted to ___________
Which substrate is used in the last step of glycolysis?
Product of Krebs cycle essential for oxidative phosphorylation is _______
A single molecule of glucose generates _________ molecules of acetyl CoA, which ente
In Kreb's Cycle___________ accepts hydrogen from malate
Which of the intermediate of the Kreb’s cycle is utilised in the formation of amino ac
Krebs cycle occurs in aerobic respiration due to
Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
The entry of pyruvate into the TCA cycle is inhibited by the presence of a high cellula
FAD is reduced in which of the reaction of the Kreb’s cycle?
During one Kreb's cycle number of CO2 released is____
In ETC, gIven a healthy individual with a normal metabolic rate, which of
the following compounds is the most energy rich?
What phase of cellular respiration has the highest ATP yield?
Mutases is the trivial name of
Synthesis of glycogen from glucose is
What is the final electron acceptor
Inhibitor complex I is
What is final product of ETC
what ion is pumped into intermembrane space
major organ which synthesize the ketone bodies
kwashiorkor arises due to defficeicy of
enzymes must be produce in large quantities in a day
balance between degradation and synthesis results
4-24 hours after the last meal blood glucose levels
carbons of pyruvate is released as CO2 during the formation of
adipose is a gland
the pentose pathway is stimulated to produce
skeletal muscle utilizes and stores ………. In fed state
fats are very important for funtions of
main deitry source of galactose is
the ….is the energy barrier that must overcome to covert reactants into products
the main sites for the breakdown of dietry carbohydrates are mouth and
protein breakdown in skeletal muscle can only br sustained for
areobic metabolism produces
organs involved in regulating blood glucose
the liver glucose transporter GLUT2 can operate in
acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate to form
blood glucose is regulated by epinephrines, glucagon and
………IS resposible for hydrolyzing lactose and glucose
____is ordinary metabolized in liver by oxidation in two enzyme.
which of the following compound would be best studied for therrapy?
Substance that dissolve in water is known as _____.
what is most likely diagnosis for patient condition
___ means substance contrasported in the same direction
____enzyme produced in large Quantities each day.
____ refers to metabolic process by which Nutrient molecuel are degrade into simple produc
___is the anabolic hormone secreated by beta cells of the islets of Langerhons.
THE sole fuel of brain is ____?
which of the following substance would not be elevated in students bblood?
Main type of suger in blood?
Main source of energy for body?
Meat products are good source of
Meat is a?
Butter contain small amount of
Transcription is divided into?
Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate by _____reaction
which of the following is not formed during the krebs cycle
the arrival of dyruate into the TCA cycle is inhibited by the presence of a high cellular concent
Fluoride is added to water which help to prevent
what is the location of pentose phosphate pathway to take place
which of the following organ cloes not have glycogen storage
Glycogen phosphorylase is responsible for the breardown of glycogen is
which of the following protein is required for the denovo synthesis is
In electron trasport chain each next electron carries proten molecule is _____ electronegativ
How mach ATP produce in kreb's cycle
how many complex are in electron transport chain
NADH donate its electrons to complex
Glycogen is the storage form of?
Glycogen stores serves as?
glycogenesis occurs due to?
Glycogen synthase catalyzes to form?
Glucose 1 phosphate is then converted to?
The impasse is overcome by?
Debranching enzyme then moves the remaining?
Glycogen storage disease can lead to?
insulin action mediated by protein phosphate 1 causes?
Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate are catalyzed by?
Glycogen is the storage form of?
Glycogen stores serves as?
glycogenesis occurs due to?
Glycogen synthase catalyzes to form?
Glucose 1 phosphate is then converted to?
The impasse is overcome by?
Debranching enzyme then moves the remaining?
Glycogen storage disease can lead to?
insulin action mediated by protein phosphate 1 causes?
Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate are catalyzed by?
Aerobic respiration is done by:
Cluster of _________ involves in electron transport chain
final electron acceptor in electron transport chain is:
Which enzyme produced in large quantity each day
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body are termed as:
How many essentail amino acids are:
How many non-essential amino acids are:
Which is essential amino acid
Where much of the body's energy reserves are stored as fat
Glycerol backbone for storage as:
Glucose is taken up into ________ cells when available in abundance in blood after a meal
glycolysis is a process of breakdown of:
In first step in glycolysis result in conversion of a ________ carbon glucose molecule
Energy utilize in the form of:
__________ requires as a sole fuel
Insulin is a __________ hormone
The liver glucose transpoter, GLUT2, can operate in _________ directions
Glycogenesis occurs in response to stimulation by:
__________ electron pairs are extracted to enter the electron transport chain
Glycolysis is the __________ pathway that converts glucose
Death occur when _________ water loss
Hardness of water due to ____ of Ca and Mg
Blue-green algae cause more illness in _____
Hyponetremia occur when sodium less then _____ mmol/L
Weaned dairy heifers consume ____ gallons of water
Glucose present in ___ condition
The type of binding in FAD cofactor is _____
Vitamin for coenzyme A is
Abbrevation of LDL is
Ketone work in ___
Pyruvate made from
PPP divide into two
Asphard condition
When proton more the condition will be
How many components in ETC
PPP Also called as
on straight chain________ linkage
_____ Electron pairs are captured in NADH
TCA chain located in ______ membrane
Three molecules of ATP are made from the trannfer of electron from ____ NADH to oxygen
The main site of breakdown of dietary carbohydrates are_______?
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to
How many enzymes catalyze the reaction of glucose with ATP to form glucose 6- phosphate
Which enzyme allow the liver to respond to increased glucose awailability after meal
When glucose is high insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is
______ increased blood glucose level
In many organs the high insulin/ glucagon ratio stimulates the
In the first step of glucogenesis involve conversion of glucose 6 phosphate to glucose 1 phos
_____ promote net protein breakdown in sekelton muscle to provide amino acids
Protein breakdown in sekelton muscle can only be sustained______ days
Complete burning of fats to carbon dioxide and water produces how many kilocalories per g
___________ is a natural process resulting from the balanced between degradation and synth
___________ is occur as result of deprivation of calories relation to ptotein
In the first step of TCA cycle the reaction is catalyzed by
Most of dietary carbohydartes are
The pentose pathway is stimulated to produce
________ is characterized by the low level of HDL and elevated LDL
The process in which nutrients molecules are degraded to simple products in order to extract
_______ is arising from poor quality or limited availability of food
The main dietary source of galactose is____
Substrate level phosphorylation is also known as
How many complextes are involved in electron transport chain
The process in which the movenment of ions occur across the semi permiable membrane dow
1 NADH produce how many molecules of ATP
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
1 FADH produce how many molecules of ATP
Which of the following organisma cannot convert acrtyl CoA derived from fatty acids into glu
What is the main sourse of glucose carbons for gluconeogenesis
How many steps are catalyzed by different enzymes in glycolysis
The seond control point in gluconeogenesis is the reaction catalyzed by
Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
Which substrate is used in the last step of glycolysis?
Glycolysis converts ___________
Which of the following glycoprotein functions as a lubricant and protective agent?
Which of the following is a hydroxyl fatty acid?
Which one of the following is the one having highest redox potential?
Which of the following is also known as Krebs cycle?
How many reactions that occur in the TCA cycle transfer electrons from a substrate to an el
Which of the following is an important end product of disassembly of fatty acids?
Acetyl CoA is a _____________ carbon compound.
Which one of the following is imino acid
water molecule bindes with eachother through
Substances that dissolve well in water are
Molecules that dissolve sparingly in water are
when water come in connect with air water has
Positively charge
Negatively charge
Because of their polar their nature, electrolytes are
When the p.H is less 7.0 the solution is
The sulfure containig amino acid are
Which enzymes are responsible for phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6- phosphate
In TCA cycle, isocitrate dehydrogenase converts to isocitrate to:
___________ refers to metabolic process by which nutrients molecules are degraded to simple
Overnutrition in developed nation has led a major health problem with epidemic type 2___
Undernutrition arising from poor quality or limited availability of food in developing natio
To initiate gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate is reduced to malate, which is then transported to
____________is the process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate in order to begin o
In glycolysis, the energy released in results of direct formation of ________ .
The pentose phosphate pathway is stimulated to produce________,which may be needed later
The pentose phosphate pathway also called as__________.
Hydrophilic are
Hydrophobic are
Water percentage in our brain are
pH is a measure of
ph of drinking water for dairy animals is
The physiological function of ATP is
Sucrose is hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose by
Regeneration of NAD+ occurs by_________ of pyruvate to lactate during
anaerobic glycolysis
Which catalyze the reaction of glucose with ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate
Glucokinase is found in the
Pyruvate kinase, catalyzes the conversion of
Accumulation of_________ causes a decrease in muscle cell pH
Mechanism for transferring cytosolic electrons to the mitochondria?
In TCA cycle the final electron acceptor is
Which of the following accepts only one electron?
In the pentose phosphate pathway, the major products are
What is the main function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
The electron transport chain is sometimes called
Which complex is unable to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane?
In the electron transport chain cytochromes contain
Addition or subtraction of electrons are done by
Mutases is the trivial name of
Which one of the following is not a lost binding type coenzyme
Intermediate carrier of 2e− and 2H+ in oxidoreductase-catalyzed reactions is
ATP works as a:
Which out of the following is true about the regulations of metabolic pathways
Synthesis of glycogen from glucose is
Which of the following enzyme is responsible for glycogen metabolism
Which of the following metabolite allosterically activate glycogen phosphorylase
Which of the following is not the direct/indirect activator of glycogen phosphorylase in muscl
Which of the following glucose transporter (GLUT) is present in pancrease
The first organ to respond to the influx of nutrients after a meal is
Ketone bodies are formed when
Following are the major changes occurs in metabolism during fasting state except
Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis
High concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is inhibitory to
Glycolysis converts
In pentose phosphate pathway, major products are
Which of the following is correct about pentose phophate pathway
In glycogenesis, conversion of glucose 6-P to glucose 1-P by
Which of the following inhibits the glycogenolysis
TCA cycle is also known as
Product of Krebs cycle essential for ocidative phophorylation is
Krebs cycle occurs in areobic respiration due to
Which of the following is not formed during Krebs cycle
FAD is reduced in which of the reaction of the Krebs cycle
What is the final product of electron transport chain
what ion is pumped into intermembrane space
What does FADH2 and NADH bring to electron transport chain
What is the final electron acceptor
What phase of cellular respiration has the highest ATP yield
How many total molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP via glycolysis of a single molecule
Total ATP generation from one glucose molecule
Inhibitor of complex I is
Uncoupler in electron transport chain:
How many ATP are formed in glycolysis
How many molecules of NADH synthesis in glycolysis
In Electron transport chain protein are divide into _ complexes
NADH gives their electron to _complex
FADH gives their electron to _complex
which molecule in Electron transport chain is not protein
Last exceptor complex of electron in Electron transport chain
Last electron exceptor molecule in electron transport chain
How many NADH synthesis in Krebs cycles
which is last electron exceptor protein in Electron transport chain
The preferred pH of drinking water for dairy animals is
Enzymes that join molecules together are
Electron transprot chain is located in the_______mitochondrial membrane
which one is used first for energy
enzymes that add water across bonds to cleave them are called
in electron transport chain 4th complex has how many types of copper
glucagon action on carbohydrates is design to ____blood gulucose level
Electron transport chain is organised into___complexes
which complex of electron transport chain energy is not enough to pump H+ ion
mobile carrier in electron transport chain are
In comparison with the resting state, actively contracting human muscle tissue has a:
Glycogen is converted to monosaccharide units by:
Which of the following is a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphat
Which of these cofactors participates directly in most of the oxidation-reduction reactions in
Glycolysis in the erythrocyte produces pyruvate that is further metabolized to:
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from glycolysis?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from pyruvate?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from 2 Acyal CoA
Total ATP from glucose is ?
ATP production for one glucose is?
In glycolysis proces glucose converted in to following?
During glycolysis how much ATP utilized??
During glycolysis how much NADH utilized?
Final electron accepters is?
Last complex of ETC is?
The pantose phosphate pathway is stimulated to produce_____?
The rate of glycolysis is increased to provide ______?
in body which is organ respond to influx of nutrients after a meal?
The pancreatic glucose transporter GLUT2 is the_____?
________provides a major means for regulation of metabolic pathways ?
the glycosidic linkage between glucose molecule in maltose is ?
which of the following sugar give a positive result with selowanoff test?
products of kreb cycle essential for oxidation phosphate relation is
The pantose phosphate pathway is stimulated to produce_____?
cytochrome are present in ?
a single molecules of acetyl CoA which enters the krybs cycle
_____accept hydrogen from malate
________provides a major means for regulation of metabolic pathways ?
_______ action on carbohydrates is designed to increase blood glucose level
which of the following is first complex of ETS?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from pyruvate?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from 2 Acyal CoA
the life span of a hydrogen bond between two water molecule in liquid water is?
which of the following is first complex is ETC
a Pentose suhary required to be present in heart cell?
The liver glucose transporter GLUT2 can operate in_________?
the glucose is required as the sole fuel for certain tissues, especially the________?
which organs are involved in regulating blood glucose as they rise and when fall in body?
The pantose phosphate pathway is stimulated to produce_____?
The rate of glycolysis is increased to provide ______?
in body which is organ respond to influx of nutrients after a meal?
The pancreatic glucose transporter GLUT2 is the_____?
________provides a major means for regulation of metabolic pathways ?
_______ action on carbohydrates is designed to increase blood glucose level
dietary fats have a very high______Content?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from pyruvate?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from 2 Acyal CoA
Total ATP from glucose is ?
ATP production for one glucose is?
In glycolysis proces glucose converted in to following?
Protein turnover is a ---- process resulting from the balance between degradation and synthes
When more nitrogen is extracted than taken in is called -----
Amino acid that cannot be synthesized by body are termed as ----- amino acids
Skeletal muscle utilizes and store ---- in fed state
Gulucose is taken up into ---- cells when available in abundance in blood
Which organ is first to respond to the influx of nutrients after a meal
Which is very important for function of cell membranes
Blood gulucose is regulated by the hormones ------
There are no stores of glycogen and triacylglycerols in the -----
During fasting state blood gulucose levels begin to -----
One of the carbons of pyruvate is released as ----- during the formation of acetyl CoA
Adipose is an ----- gland
Which serves as an energy donor for the reaction of pyruvate with CO2
Free fatty acids delieverd by
ATP has ---- binding
Isocitrate dehydrogenase converts isocitrate into
fumarate undergoes which process fot its conversion into malate
which gas is produced when oxidation of [pyruvate occurs
how many NADH are produced during the synthesis of oxaloacetate from malate
succinate is converted into which compound with transfer of electrons to FAD to form FADH2
citrate rearranges into which compound durimg the reaction catalyzed by aconitase
during the TCA cycle how many pairs of electrons are extracted to entre the ETC
which compound is the sole fuelfor the mind and the body
whose stores atre not present in the brain
The glucose is converted into glucose 6-phosphate through which enzyme
which muscles utilizes and stores glucose in the fed state
during the fasting state which process is stimulated
during catabolism what is happened to the complex molecules
the first step of catabolism involves the ____________ of polymeric nutrient molecules
other than hexokinase which enzyme is envolved in the phosphorylation of glucose
Other than insulin and glucose which hormone is responsible for the regulation of glucose lev
which enzyme is responsible for 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate
during the case of anaerobic respiration which enzyme is involved for the conversion of pyruv
in glycolysis hexokinase converts glucose into _____________
other than pyruvate formation which process is the main outcome of glycolysis
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from glycolysis?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from pyruvate?
Complete oxidation of one molecule provide energy from 2 Acyal CoA
Total ATP from glucose is ?
ATP production for one glucose is?
In glycolysis proces glucose converted in to following?
During glycolysis how much ATP utilized??
During glycolysis how much NADH utilized?
Final electron accepters is?
Last complex of ETC is?
The pantose phosphate pathway is stimulated to produce_____?
The rate of glycolysis is increased to provide ______?
in body which is organ respond to influx of nutrients after a meal?
The pancreatic glucose transporter GLUT2 is the_____?
________provides a major means for regulation of metabolic pathways ?
A -OPTION B -OPTION C -OPTION
Hexokinase Pyruvate Kinase Glucokinase
Complex 1 Complex 2 Matrix
Dehydration Reduction Oxidative decarboxylation
2 Aldoses 2 Ketoses Only a ketose
Inner membrane Outer membrane Matrix
Coenzyme motive force cAMP Protein Gradient
Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate Phosphoenol pyruvate Pyruvate
lactate Isocitrate Succinate
Coenzyme Q Cytochrome b FAD
Aldolase Glycogen phosphorylase Pyruvate kinase
Pyruvate 2-phosphoglycerate 3- phosphoglycerate
Glucose into pyruvate Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvatFructose into pyruvate
FAD NAD NADP
Citric acid Malic acid Isocitric acid
lysosomes Mitochondrial Matrix Cristae of Mitochondria
carbon cycle oxygen cycle water cycle
TCA cycle Krebs cycle carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide water both a&b
hydrogen chlorine oxygen
glycolysis amino acids both a&b
Golgi appratus lysosome cytosol
pyruvate glucose insulin
5 3 7
Aconitase Fumarase citrate synthase
Fumarate Malate isocitrate
isocitrate Malate Fumarate
TCA cycle oxygen cycle carbon cycle
carbon dioxide electrons GTP
carbon monoxide neutron carbon dioxide
NADH FADH both a&b
ATO NADH both a&b
sterol biosynthesis glutarate fumarate
complex 1 Complex 2 complex 3
ubiquinone cyto 3 succinate
34-36 38-40 32-34
polar non-polar hydrophobic
hydrophobic nonpolar hydrophilic
non-covalent covalent compound
surface tension heat elestic tension
dielectric contant perspiration heat of vaporization
polar nature non-polar compound nature
lactate pyruvate glucose 6- phosphat
Lactate malate glyceradlehy
hexokinase alrotase pyruvate kinase
Lactate pyruvate malate
citrate malate both a&b
10 to raise power 12 10 to raise power 13 10 to raise power 14
Electrolytes Buffers Both a & b
Buffering capacity Buffer concentration Buffers
stomach Liver Heart
Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates
2 ATP 3 ATP 4 ATP
4 2 5
One complex Two complex Three complex
Complex 4 Complex 3 Complex 2
Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen
kinase Hexokinase Isomerase
Insulin glycogen ratio Enzyme Protein
ATP ADP Enzyme
Enzyme Lipid Glycoprotein
Lipids Proteins Amino acids
40 ATP 30 ATP 36 ATP
6 5 4
Lipase Glucose Adipose
1 3 5
Hydrolases Isomerases Oxidoreductase
Ligases Hydrolases Isomerases
Four Five Six
Heart Liver Kidney
Glycogenesis Glucogenesis Glucolysis
Stomach Spleen Liver
mouth & duodenum moth & jeujenum mouth and styomach
NADH pyruvate FADH
ATP NADH FADH
NADH FADH ATP
ligases hydrolases oxidoreductases
liver kidney pancreas
Ribulosr & NAD+ Ribulose & ATP Ribulose & NADH
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cyles Krebs cyle
Hexokinase  Pyruvate kinase Glucokinase
Anabolism Oxidation Fementation
two aldose two ketose an aldose & ketose
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1, 3-bis-phosphoglycerate Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Pyruvate  Phosphoenolpyruvate
NADPH and ATP Acetyl CoA CO2 and oxaloacetate
4 3 2
FAD NAD NADP
Citric acid Malic acid Isocitric acid
 Oxygen has a catalytic
Electron transport chain requires aerobiOxygen is a reactant function
Lactate Isocitrate Succinate
Pyruvate NADH Coenzyme A
Isocitrate to oxaloacetate Succinyl CoA to Succinate Fumarate to malate
1 2 3

GTP NADH FADH2

Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Fermentation
Hydrolases Oxidoreductases Lyases
Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glyconeogenesis
NADH H+ Water
Cyanide Oligomycin Retonene
FADH2 ATP NADH
NADH H+ FADH2
liver lungs none
sugars protein carbons
amino acids proteins digestive
nitrogen turnover protein turnover muscle wasting
fall rise both a&b
NADH FADH acetyl CoA
endocrine exocrine patutry
NADH FADH NAD+
protein glucose none
cellwall nucleuas none
lactose fructose maltose
equillibrium half life activation energy
jeujinum ilium colon
13-15 days 13-14 days 12-14 days
10 kilocalories per gram 5 kilocaloreis per gram 9 kilocaloreis per gram
liver&kidney liver&lungs liver&stmach
1 direction 2 directions 3 directions
isocitrate citrate ketogulutarate
hexokinesis glucokinases insulin
lactase maltose fructose
Alchol Phenole Ethanole
Aceteic Acid Ethanol Esprine
Hydrophillic hydopholic Both
Pompe dieases Gaucher Fabry dieases
uniport Antiport symport
Digestive Protien both A&B
Anabolism Oxidation Catabolism
Glucagon insulin beta cells
Frutose Gulucose Maltose
Fatty Acid Insulin Amino Acid
Glucose Dextrose Both
Glycolysis Protein Both
Glucose Protein Both
Protein Vitamin Both
Glucose Vitamin Both
3 2 4
Dehydration Reduction oxidative decarboxylation
lactate isocitrate succinate
pyrouvate IVADH Coenzyme A
tooth decuy infection fever
cell membrane cytosol ribosome
liver muscle intestine
gucose glucose 1 phosphte glucose 6 phosphate
glycoprotein glycogenin proteoglycan
more less equal
1 2 3
2 4 6
complex 1 complex 2 complex 3
Glucose Dextrose Sugars
Storage of glucose Extraction of glucose Maltose
in response to insulin stimuli Nerves
ą 1-4 linkage none all of these
phosphoglucose phosphoglucose phosphoglycomutase
debranching insulin Glycolosis Debranching enzyme
ą 1,6 glucose Glycogen insulin
hypoglacemia mental retard shock
Storage of glucose release glucose Muscle contraction
insulin glucose glycogenesis
Glucose Dextrose Sugars
Storage of glucose Extraction of glucose Maltose
in response to insulin stimuli Nerves
ą 1-4 linkage none all of these
phosphoglucose phosphoglucose phosphoglycomutase
debranching insulin Glycolosis Debranching enzyme
ą 1,6 glucose Glycogen insulin
hypoglacemia mental retard shock
Storage of glucose release glucose Muscle contraction
insulin glucose glycogenesis
glycolysis kreb's cycle electron transport chain
lipids proteins energy
CO2 O2 N2
gestric juice digestive enzyme co-enzyme
essential non-essential pro-essential
8 9 10
 8 9 10
alanine lysine glycine
adipose belly muscle epidermis
monoacylglycerol diacylglycerol triacylglycerol
stomach intestine liver
glycogen glucose insullin
4 5 6
ADP FADH NADH
Protein Fat Glucose
metabolic catabolic anabolic
two three four
glucose insullin amino acid
two three four
anabolic metabolic catabolic
80% 50% 1.00%
carbonate bicarbonate Sodioum bicarbonate
goat sheep buffaloe
130 135 145
10 1 1-1.5
Asphard Starvation both
tight loose coordinate
Ascorbic acid Niacin Pentothenic acid
Low digestible lipoprotein Low digestible lipids low density lipids
Short term fasting long term fasting both
Glycolase Glycolysis Glycogenesis
Types Methods Phases
Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis both
Alkaline Acidic Basic
3 4 5
Hexose monophosphate shunt Hexose phosphate hexo phosphate
1,4 1,6 Alpha 1,4
5 4 3
Mitochondria outer inner
2 4 1
mouth & duodenum mouth & ileum mouth & jejunum
lactase sucrose pyruvate
5 3 1
glucokinase lipase maltase
low stimulated inhibited
decarboxylase insulin amylase
anabolic reaction anaerobic reaction aerobic reaction
glucokinase phosphoglucomutase amylase
lipase oxytosin cortisol
1-2 days 5days 8-9days
12 9 2
protein turnover muscle wasting nitrogen balance
kwashiorkor thalesemia marasmus
fumarate citrate synthase succinate
reactive indigestable digestable
NADPH nitrogen FADH
cancer marasmus Dyslipidemia
catabolism thermoregulation apistasis
over nutrition both a & d none of these
succinate decarboxylase lactose
glycolysis acidic cycle nitrogen cycle
six two four
oxidation chemiosmosis phosphorylation
1 ATP 6 ATP 2 ATP
pyruvate carboxylase pyruvate kinase decarboxylase
2 ATP 1 ATP 3 ATP
plant animal virus
threonine cysteine alanine
2 3 4
pyruvate kinase PFK-1 FBPase-1
Hexokinase Pyruvate kinase Glucokinase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Pyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate
Glucose into pyruvate Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvatFructose into pyruvate
Collagens Mucins Transferrins
Linoleic acid Palmitic acid Cerebronic acid
Ubiquinone O2 FMN
Electron transport chain Glycolysis TCA cycle
1 2 3
Acetyl CoA Succinate dehydrogenase Pyruvate
1 2 3
glutamine aregine proline
covalent intraction non covalent intraction Both a and b
hydrophilic hydrophobic Both a and b
hydrophilic hydrophobic Non polar
high surface tension low surface tension medium surface tension
cation anion Both a and b
cation anion Both a and b
Souble in water insouble in water Both a and b
basic acid alkine
systeine methionion tryosine
Hexokinase Glucokinase Both a&b
alpha- ketoglutarate beta- ketoglutarate both a&b
Anabolism Catabolism Both a&b
Diabetes mellitus Obesity Both a&b
Starvation Malnutrition Both a&b
Cystol Cytosol Both a&b
Glycolysis Glycogenolysis Glycogenesis
ATP ADP AMP
FADH NADPH NAD
Hexose monophosphate shunt Pentose monophosphate shunt Both a&b
polar nonpolar bipolar
polar nonpolar bipolar
40% 50% 75%
acidity alkalinity both a and b
2.0-4.0 3.o-5.0 4.0-6.0
energy donor in many reactions carrier of electrons carrier of amino group
Lactase maltase Sucrase
reduction additon substitution
hexokinase glucokinase both a and b
liver muscles gall bladder
2-Phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate3-Phosphoglycerate
lactic acid amino acid fatty acids
malate-aspartate shuttle glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle both a and b
Oxygen water carbon dioxide
cytochrome b coenzyme Q FMN
Ribulose and NADPH Ribulose and NADH Ribulose and NAD+
supply NADP+ supply NADH supply energy
the citric acid cycle beta-oxidation transamination
Complex 1 Complex 2 Complex 3
FMN heme lymph
Hydrolases Ligases Oxidoreductases
Hydrolases Oxidoreductases Lyases
ATP NAD NADP
ATP FAD Biotin
Intermediate carrier of amino groups durin Phosphate donor in kinase reactioCofactor for oxidative removal of
Most of the metabolic pathways are regula Most of the metabolic pathways aRegulations always involve chang
Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Glyconeogenesis
Glycogen phosphatase Glycogen hydrolase Glycogen phosphorylase
ATP AMP Glucose-6-P
AMP Ca++ Epinephrine
GLUT1 GLUT2 GLUT3
Liver Kidney Pancreas
Insulin/glucagon ratio is high Insulin ratio is high Insulin/glucagon ratio is low
Insulin levels in the blood decline Glucagon levels increase Gluconeogenesis is stimulated
Hexokinase Pyruvate kinase glucokinase
Pyruvate kinase Hexokinase Glucokinase
Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvate Fructose into pyruvate Glucose into pyruvate
Ribulose and NAD+ Ribulose and ATP Ribulose and NADH
It generates NADH It oxidizes NADPH to NADP+ It supplies ribose 5-phosphate a
Phosphoglucomutase Hexokinase Glucokinase
Epinephrine Glucagon Ca ions
Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Krebs cycle
NADPH and ATP Acetyl coA CO2 and oxaloacetate
Electron transport chain requires areobic c Oxygen is a reactant Oxygen has a catalytic function
Lactate Isocitrate Succinate
Isocitrate to oxaloacetate Succinyl coA to succinate Fumarate to malate
FADH2 ATP NADH
NADH H+ FADH2
High energy electrons Oxygen gas Water
NADH H+ Water
Oxidative phosphorylation Gluconeogenesis Krebs cycle
36 2 4
30 36 31
Cyanide Oligomycin Retonene
Azide Oligomycin Cyanide
2 3 4
4 5 2
5 2 3
1 5 4
1 7 4
ubiqunone cytochrome a cytochrome b
5 3 2
O2 H2 H2o
7 4 5
cytochrome b cytochrome c cytochrome a3
6 to 8 5 to 6 3 to 8
lyases isomerases ligases
inner outer both
GULUCOSE GLYCOGEN FATS
lyases ligases isomerases
2 3 4
increase decrease optimum
3 4 5
1st 2nd 3rd
ubiquinone coenzyme Q cytochrome C
higher rate of lactate formation. higherconcentrationofATP. lower consumption of glucose.
glucokinase. glucose-6-phosphatase glycogen phosphorylase
NAD+ FAD ATP
FAD/FADH2 ADP ATP
CO2. ethanol. glucose.
6-9 ATP 6-8 ATP 5-10 ATP
8 ATP 6 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
30-34 34-38 36-38
33-21 34-20 34-30
NADH Pyruvate Acetyal CoA
8 ATP 2 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
Nitrogen Carbon Oxygen
Cyta A Cyta B Cyta A2
ATP FADH NADPH
Energy acetyl CoA
Liver Stomach Mouth
glucose sensor glucose liver A&B
cell ATP hormonal control
B 1-4 a 1-2 a 1-4
sucrose glucose galactose
NADH and ATP acetyl coa co2
ATP FADH NADPH
lysomes mitochondria mitocandria and cristae
4 3 2
FAD NAD A&B
cell ATP hormonal control
glucose glycogen ATP
NADH dehydrogenase cytochrome ad3 cytochrome bc1
8 ATP 6 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
1-20s 1-20 miro s 1-20 nano s
NADH dehydrogenase ad3 cytochrome bc1
xylose arabiose lyxose
1 direction 2 direction 3 direction
Cell Body Brain
liver kidney brain
ATP FADH NADPH
Energy acetyl CoA
Liver Stomach Mouth
glucose sensor glucose liver A&B
cell ATP hormonal control
glucose glycogen ATP
Energy ATP Glucose
8 ATP 6 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
30-34 34-38 36-38
33-21 34-20 34-30
NADH Pyruvate Acetyal CoA
natural artificial Both A & B
positive nitrogen balance negative nitrogen balance neutral nitrogen balance
essential non-essential Both A & B
lipids protein gulucose
heart stomach liver
mouth liver stomach
Fats gulucose lipids
insulin glucagon epinephrine
brain lungs kidneys
increase fall remain neutral
CO2 O2 NO2
abdominal dyslipidemia endocrine
ATP GTP PEP
cells nerves bloodstream
Loose Tight No
nerve muscles skeletal muscles cardiac muscles
gluconeogenesis glycolysis glycogenolysis
hydrolyzation synthesis degradation
hydrolyzation synthesis oxidation
lipase isomerase glucokinase
androgen epinephrine nor-epinephrine
pyruvate kinase phosphoglycerate kinase dehydrogenase
lactogen lactate dehydrogenase lipase
glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate aldolase
Oxidative phosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation C02 production
glucose fats proteins
enzyme availability substrate availability metabolism
nondietry fibre dietry fibre lipids
proteins fats fibres
malate 6-phosphate glucose 6-phosphate carbohydrates
brain,stomach liver,kidney intestine
glucose 6-phophatase biphosphatase ATP synthase
glycolysis lipolysis lysogenesis
lipids amino acids oxygen
ketone bodies acetoacetate triacylglycerol
6-9 ATP 6-8 ATP 5-10 ATP
8 ATP 6 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
30-34 34-38 36-38
33-21 34-20 34-30
NADH Pyruvate Acetyal CoA
8 ATP 2 ATP 7 ATP
20 ATP 5 ATP 6 ATP
Nitrogen Carbon Oxygen
Cyta A Cyta B Cyta A2
ATP FADH NADPH
Energy acetyl CoA
Liver Stomach Mouth
glucose sensor glucose liver A&B
cell ATP hormonal control
D -OPTION Correct Answer
Phosphofructokinase-1 A
Cytochrome C D
Dephosphorylation C
An aldose or ketose D
Stroma A
GTP hydrolysis C
1,3- bisphosphoglycerate B
Both A and B A
FMN B
6- phosphogluconate dihydro D
1,3 bisphospoglycerate C
Fructose into phosphoenolpy A
FMN B
ketoglutaric acid D
Outer membrane of Mitocho C
Krebs cycle D
both a&b D
none of these c
none c
none c
mitochndrial matrix D
succinate A
8B
both a&c B
none C
carbon A
none A
all of above D
none of these C
none of these A
none C
oxalate A
complex 4 A
none A
30-32 A
both a&c A
both a&b D
none of these A
none of these A
none of these C
both a&b A
both a&c C
glycerol A
dehydrogenase A
ketaglutarate A
none of these A
10 to raise power 17 A
None of these A
None of these C
Kidney D
None of these B
8 ATP A
10 B
Four complex D
Complex 5 A
None of these C
None of these B
All of these A
DNA A
All of these C
Dietary fats D
32 ATP C
3A
Amino acids C
2D
Ligases C
Lyases A
Three D
Spleen B
Glycolysis D
kidney C
duodenum & jeujenum a
a & b both b
none of these a
ions c
isomerases c
none of these b
Ribulose & NADPH d
both b& c d
Phosphofructokinase-1 a
Metabolism c
only ketose c
Fructose 6-phosphate a
1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate c
NADH and FADH2 d
1c
FMN b
 𝛼-ketoglutaric acid d
all of the above a
both a& b a
AMP b
Succinate to fumarate d
4d

ATP b
Oxidative Phosphorilationd
isomerases d
none of these a
oxygen d
Azide c
ADP b
O2 b
both a&B A
none B
none C
both a&B B
none A
none C
none A
NADPH D
sugars B
cell membrane D
none A
none C
duodenum D
10-14days D
6 kilo calories C
none A
4 directions B
malate B
none C
none A
None C
Glucose B
None A
krabbe dieses D
Contransport C
none A
None C
Alphacells B
Lactose A
ketone bodies D
None C
None A
None A
None A
None A
5A
Dephospherylation C
both A & B A
AMP B
sickness A
mitochandria B
Erythrocytes D
maltose C
glucogenin B
none of these A
6B
8B
complex 4 A
Muscle A
None A
All A
both a b A
none C
all C
none A
all D
none A
all C
Muscle A
None A
All A
both a b A
none C
all C
none A
all D
none A
all C
all of these D
cabohydrates B
H2 B
both A and B B
all of these A
11 C
 11 D
serine B
all of these A
both Aand C C
skeletal C
protein B
7C
ATP D
Starch C
both Aand C C
vary A
both A and C D
five D
none of these B
10% D
none of these B
cattle D
140 B
none of these C
none of these A
none of these A
none of these C
none of these C
none of these B
All of these A
none of these C
Glycolysis A
None of these B
2C
none of these A
Alpha1,6 C
1B
inner mitochondria D
none of these C
rectum a
amylase c
2d
trypsin a
high c
glucagon d
nont of these a
nont of these b
fructose c
10-14 days d
4b
none of these a
rickets c
malate b
none of these c
acetyle CoA a
lung disorders c
oxidation a
under nutrition d
sucroce c
kreb cycle d
one c
hydrolysis b
3 ATP d
none of these a
6 ATP a
bacteria b
guanine a
5b
none of these
Phosphofructokinase-1 A
1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate C
Fructose into phosphoenolp A
Immunoglobulins B
Linolenic acid D
NAD B
DNA Replication C
4D
DNA gyrase A
4B
lysine C
Non of these B
Non of these A
Both b and c D
very low surface tension A
Non of these A
Non of these B
Non of these A
both a and c B
both a and b D
None of all C
none of them A
None of them B
None of them C
None of them C
None of them B
All of them A
All of them A
NADH+ B
None of them
none of these A
none of these B
80% D
none of these C
6.0-8.0 D
methyl group donor A
guluctase C
none of these A
none of these C
pancreas A
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateB
none of these A
none of these B
carbon monooxide A
FAD A
Ribulose and ATP A
supply pentoses and NADPHD
the respiratory chain D
Complex 4 B
iron-sulfer clusters B
Isomerases C
Isomerases D
FAD D
Ascorbic acid B
none of these B
Metabolic regulation always A
None of these A
Glycogen phosphoglycosidas C
Glucose-1-P B
Insulin D
GLUT4 B
None of these A
none of these C
Glucagon level decreases D
phosphofructokinase-1 A
None of these B
None of these C
Ribulose and NADPH D
All of these C
Glycogen synthase A
None of these D
Both B and C D
NADH and FADH2 D
All of these A
Both A and B A
Succinate to fumarate D
ADP B
O2 B
High energy protons A
Oxygen D
Glycolysis A
38 B
4 B
Azide C
Thermogenin D
6A
7c
4D
3A
2D
cytochrome c A
4D
co2 A
8D
cytochrome H c
none A
none C
none A
NONE A
hydrolases D
5A
none A
7B
4th B
all D
none A
none C
none A
none A
lactate. D
9-10 ATP B
9 ATP B
24 ATP D
none of these C
36-38 D
FADH B
9 ATP B
2 ATP D
none of these C
36-38 D
none C
all D
All A
None A
All C
B 1-2 A
All A
NADH FADH2 D
none C
outer membrane C
1C
None A
All B
None B
All A
9 ATP B
24 ATP D
1-20 pico s D
ATP synthase A
lyxose D
varie B
All C
A&B D
none C
all D
All A
None A
All C
None B
All A
9 ATP B
24 ATP D
none of these C
36-38 D
FADH B
None of thee A
None of these B
None of these A
vitamis C
None of these C
large intestine B
protein A
All of these D
liver A
Both A & B B
H2O A
None of these C
TCA A
None of these C
None of these A
none of the above A
none of the above C
none of the above B
none of the above B
none of the above C
somatotrophin B
none of the above C
ATP synthase A
None of the above C
None of the above B
glycans C
none of the above A
noneofthe above C
malate A
none of the above C
none of the above B
none of the above B
None of the above B
None of the above A
both A, B B
9-10 ATP B
9 ATP B
24 ATP D
none of these C
36-38 D
FADH B
9 ATP B
2 ATP D
none of these C
36-38 D
none C
all D
All A
None A
All C
B
B
B
A
A
B
D