Charisse Mae D.
Mara BSCE 211
Let’s Analyze
Problem Set: Weighted Measurements, Summation and Product of Errors
1. A line is measured on a windy day as 338.65 m. The same line measured 338.37
m on a calm day. If the latter measurement is given four times the reliability of the first,
determine the most probable value of the measured line.
2. A distance AB is measured five times as 610.03, 610.01, 610.05, 610.04, and
610.02 meters. The measurements were given weights of 3, 2, 1, 2, and 3,
respectively, by the head tape man. Determine the weighted mean for distance AB.
Also, determine what difference results if later judgment revises the weights to 2, 3, 1,
3, and 2.
3. And angle ABC is measured at different times using various instruments and
procedures. The results, which are assigned certain weights, are as follows: 75°
09'26", weight of 4; 75°09’25’’, weight of 3; and 75° 09’27’’, weight of 1. Determine the
most value of the angle measured. probable
4. In this problem the weight an angle is assumed to be proportional to the number of
times it has been measured by repetition. Five angles in a pentagon were measured
with the of following results: 134°44’35’’, 167°02'05'’, 86°15’20’’, 75°48’50’’, and
76°08’50’’. If the number of repetitions for each measurement and were 2, 6, 6, 8, and
4, respectively, determine the adjusted values of the angles.
5. Two sides and the included angle of a triangle were measured and the probable
error of each value were computed as follows: a = 267.55 m ± 0.05 m, b = 564.75 ±
0.06 m, and the angle C = 57°15’45’’. Determine the area of the triangle and the
probable error of the area.
6. Three sides of triangle were measured with the following results: a =1431.20 m ±
0.02 m, b = 570.77 m ± 0.03 m, and c = 1767.15 m ± 0.04 m. Determine the angles in
the triangle together with the probable errors of the angles.
7. A line AE is divided into segments for measurement with a tape. The results were
AB = 134.10 m ± 0.040 m, BC = 320.63 m ± 0.055 m, CD =173.73 m ± 0.056 m, and
DE = 160.85 m ± 0.050 m. Determine the length of the line and the probable error of
the measured length.
8. The difference in elevation between two ground points was measured by each of
three field parties using different kinds of leveling instruments. The results are as
follows: 1st Party, DE = 18.45 m ± 0.05 m; 2nd Party, DE=18.40 m ± 0.04 m; 3rd Party,
DE = 18.48 m ± 0.05m. Determine the most probable difference in elevation between
the two ground points.
9. The four approximately equal sides of a tract of land were measured and the
measurements included the following errors: ±0.085 m, ±0.014 m, ±0.175 m, and ±
0.205 m, respectively Determine the probable error for the total length (or perimeter)
of the tract.
10. The dimensions of a five-sided tract of land are given by the following
measurements and corresponding probable errors: 221.63 m ± 0.004 m, 235.70m ±
0.002 m, 196.05 m ± 0.005 m, 296.13 m ± 0.012 m, and 303.18 m ± 0.015 m.
Determine the probable error of the sum of the five measurements and the most
probable value o! the perimeter.
11. Two sides of a rectangle were measured as being 226.25 m ± 0.03 m and 307.28
m ± 0.04m. Determine the area of the figure and the probable error of the area.
12. The base and altitude of triangular-shaped figure were measured with certain
estimated probable errors as follows: b = 425.67 m ± 0.07 m and h = 138.63 m ± 0.06
m. Determine the area of the figure and the probable error in the resulting calculation.
