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Cqe Notes

The document discusses the evolution of quality management approaches over time, from early concepts like standardization of parts and quality control to more modern approaches like total quality management, six sigma, and continuous improvement. It also covers several important quality management tools and techniques, such as quality audits, design of experiments, benchmarking, statistical process control, and performance measurement. Finally, it discusses topics like project management, quality information systems, team dynamics, and ethics in decision making.

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106 views

Cqe Notes

The document discusses the evolution of quality management approaches over time, from early concepts like standardization of parts and quality control to more modern approaches like total quality management, six sigma, and continuous improvement. It also covers several important quality management tools and techniques, such as quality audits, design of experiments, benchmarking, statistical process control, and performance measurement. Finally, it discusses topics like project management, quality information systems, team dynamics, and ethics in decision making.

Uploaded by

xharpreetx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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standardization of parts - Eli Whitney 1798 US

defination of system - Fredrick taylor 1911


quality control - continuing with modern applications like control plans 1950-60
quality assuracne - include preventivve technique like spc, quality cost
measurement. 1970-80
total quality management - management direction 1980-2000
Continuous quality improvement - expanded tqm and recognized project improvement
teams and on-going,organized and improved structure. 1980-2000
Six Sgma(lean six sigma) - emphasis on reduction of variation, consideration of
internal processes, utilization of advanced technical tools, use of DMAIC (problem
solving approach), elimination of internal wastes and need for key management
leadership.
Few important concepts:-
Automated inspection,
iso requirments
benchmarking
doe approaches
use of stat software
quality audits
fmea
design techniques like dfss (business process management method), dfm (technique -
to study the feasibility and cost of manufacturing the product), dfp (technique -
to evaluate the manufacturing system performance)
establish solid supplier releationship
attention to internal and external customers
quality function depoloyment (qfd) or also known as matrix product planning
rapid prototype development
award achievement
theory of constraints - management paradigm or tool viewing any manageable system
as being limited in achieving more of its goals by a very small number of
constraints.
kaizen - improvement for good
kanban - color coded inventory
mistake proofing devices (poke yoke)
tqm quality teams
manufacturing cells and felxible manufacturing

Hoshin kanri - is a essential lean management method for ensuring that the strategy
of a company gets executed accross the hierarchy.Acc to primer - It is an execution
tool that is used by some companies to deploy and existing strategic plan
throughout the organization.

SIPOC Model - the supplier - input - process - output - customer releationship


model is the example of classic supplier customer releationship.It is a method to
properly describe the transformation process within a company that offers products
and services.
It is a process imporovement tool.

A stakeholder is a both supplier and customer.

Beckhard & Harris - responsibility chart that identifies the stakeholder and the
behaviour that would be required for a change.

Performance measurement - is implying that a number of performance goals have been


determined. (Profit, Cycle times, market response, resources)

Benchmarking - process of comparing current projects, methods or processes with


best practices and using the information to drive improvement of overall company
performance.
Benchmarking can be grouped like process benchmarking, performance benchmarking,
project benchmarking, strategic benchmarking

Project management - is a series of activities and tasks with a specified


objective, staarting and ending dates and resources.

Network Planning - include Program Evaluation and review technique(pert), the


critical path method(cpm), gantt charts.
PERT is event oriented
CPM is activity oriented (time & cost are considered)
The network path with longest total duration is the critical path
Gantt charts named after henry gantt - display activities or events as function of
time or cost.Each activity is shown as a horizontal bar with ends positioned at the
starting and ending dates for the activity.

Quality Information System - is an organized method of collecting, storing,


analyzing and reporting information on quality to assist decision makers at all
levels. The purpose of an effective QIS is to achieve timely corrective action.

Blanchard 1988 has developed a 3 question test for determining what is an ethical
choice in a given situation:-
-Is it legal? (If an action is not legal, no further consideration should be taken)
-Is it balanced? (The action would be fair to all involved)
-How will it make me feel about myself?

Team or project charter:-


defines the subject boundaries
identifies the deliverable product
provides a basis for team goal setting
identifies areas which should not be addressed

Management support - mgmt must give active team support. This means that management
and especially mid management must be educated to the degree that they are
enthusiastic about the team concept.

Types of teams:
six sigma teams (basic to technically sophisticated problem solving technique)
improvement teams
project teams
cross functional teams
self directed teams
quality circles
quality teams

Teams stages - Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjouring


Adjouring is also a very common practice for project teams, task forces, and adhoc
teams

Nominal Group technique - is the one which brings people together to solbe problems
but limits interaction among them.

Multivoting - is a popular way to select the most popular or potentially most


important items from a previously generated list.

asqq#4 - pdf1 (0.3.2)


Needs of customer - section 4
leadership - section 5
plan - section 6
do - section 7&8
check - section 9
act - section 10

Pre-Assesment Audit - Consultant ( as per company requirement. Not mandatory )


Compliance audit - Internal Audit or second party like consultant- All QMS (For
very 1st time)
Survelliance Audit - Registrar - All or selected QMS
Certification/Re-certification Audit - Registrar - All QMS

Nominal Quality Cost - Chapter 3, pdf 2.

Pareto Analysis of quality costs - is widely used to analyze quality costs;


particularly failure costs. Corrective action, in the form of problem solving
techniques and prevention methods is undertaken on the major defect categories
first.

Taguchi's Loss function - is a theoretical quadratic relationship. Taguchi


contended as product characterstics deviate from the normal aim losses increase acc
to parabolic function. Formula for that is: L=K (Y-T)sq

TNA - Training needs assesment

4 - 2 - Page 9
Parallel dimensioning is also known as baseline dimensioning.
Sperimosed running dimensions simplyfy parallel dimensioning in order to reduce
drawing space.
Chain dimensioning should be used if the function of the part will not be affected
by the accumulation of tolerances.
For complex parts a combination of parallel and chain dimension can be used i.e. in
the case of non-linear hole locations, dimensioning from co-ordinates may be
desirable.

4 - 2 - Page-10
Thread class symbol
1A,1B,2A,2B,3A,3B
1 - loose fit, 3-tightest fit
A - external thread, B - internal thread

ANSI Y14.5M 1982 standard has same symbol for position and symmetry

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