HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

ABUDHABI WOMEN’S COLLEGE

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology

Laboratory report

ELE 4233 Mobile Communication

Lab 04
LOS link Power Measurement and Comparison with
Friis Equation.

Student name: Shouq Mohamed Aljawhari

Student ID: H00366552

Date:3rd October 2020

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  Objective
o To study and understand RF signal Transmission & Reception .
o To study and understand Radio Communication & LOS Link.
o To study and understand Transmitted Power & Received Power in free space
propagation model.
o To study and understand what is Frii’s free space Equation.
o To understand Matlab Simulation on Frii’s free space Equation.

 Equipment & Software Needed

o Matlab Simulation Software
o Matlab Communication Tool box”

 Introduction & Theory

o The Friis transmission formula is used in telecommunication engineering,
equating the power at the terminals of a receive antenna as the product of
power density of the incident wave and the effective aperture of the receiving
antenna under idealized conditions given another antenna some distance away
transmitting a known amount of power. Friis' original idea behind his
transmission formula was to dispense with the usage of directivity or gain
when describing antenna performance. In their place is the descriptor of
antenna capture area as one of two important parts of the transmission formula
that characterizes the behavior of a free-space radio circuit. The frii’s free
space equation is shown below.

Where

Pt is the Transmitted Power .

Gt is the gain of the transmitter .

Gr is the gain of the receiver .

d is the distance .

L is the power losses.

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  Procedures
o Open the Matlab simulation software.
o Write required commands/code in Command Window.
o Execute commands/code.
o Find results and plots in simulation Window.
o Compare and analyze practical output with theoretical output.

 Simulation Results (Codes & Figures)

Code:
fc = 900*10^6;
lambda = 3*10^8/fc;
Pt = 50;
Gt = 1;
Gr = 1;
L = 1;
d0 = 100;
d = 100:10^3;
Pr_d0 = Pt*Gt*Gr*lambda^2/(16*pi^2*d0^2*L);
Pr_d0_dBm = 10*log10(Pr_d0/0.001);
Pr_d0_dBW = 10*log10(Pr_d0);
Pr_d = Pt*Gt*Gr*lambda^2./(d.^2*16*pi^2*L);
Pr_d_dBm = Pr_d0_dBm+20*log10(d0./d);
Pr_d_dBW = Pr_d0_dBW+20*log10(d0./d);
PL = -10*log(Gr*Gt*lambda^2./(16*pi^2*d.^2));
figure(1)
plot(d,Pr_d,'r')
grid on
title('Received power [W] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [W]')
figure(2)
plot(d,Pr_d_dBm,'g')
grid on
title('Received power [dBm] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [dBm]')
figure(3)
plot(d,Pr_d_dBW,'b')
grid on
title('Received power [dBW] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [dBW]')
figure(4)
plot(d,PL)

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grid on
title('Path loss vs distance')
xlabel('T-R distande d [m]')
ylabel('Path loss')
figure(5)
plot(d,Pr_d,'r')
grid on
title('Received power [W] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [W]')
hold on
plot(d,Pr_d_dBm,'g')
grid on
title('Received power [dBm] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [dBm]')
hold on
plot(d,Pr_d_dBW,'b')
grid on
title('Received power [dBW] vs distance [m]')
xlabel('T-R distance d [m]')
ylabel('Received power [dBW]')

Results/Figures:

Figure 1

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Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure
Figure54 4
 Observation/Findings
o With this lab, I have observed various things when working toward executing
the final model. I noticed that in the final results figure, no matter what unit
was the power described in, it always had an inversely proportional
relationship with T-R distance when it is described in meters. No matter if the
received power was in W, dBm, or dBW, I have observed that it will still hold
an increasing rate if the distance was in a decreasing rate.

 Discussion/Analysis
o In this lab I used the code shown above in Matlab software. I implemented the
Friss Free Space Equation. and i specified the printing of it to be on both dBM
and dBW. There were many parameters considered, some were the carrier
frequency which was set as 900x10*(6) Hz. Moreover, the wavelength was
considered as well with a constant known value of 3x10*(8). Transmitted
power as 50W, transmitter and receiver gain as 1, system losses as 1, close-in
distance as 100m, and finally operation distance from 100 up to 1000. In the
next lines I apply the equation to find received power at close in (reference)
distance in watts. Moreover, after that I write a line to convert it to dBm and
then dBW. Lastly, I wrote some lines to adjust and specify my output plots, so
I wrote specified each title, each Xlabel and Ylabel and finally ran my
program.
o The output was 5 figures that demonstrate different relationships. Firstly, in
figure 1, the received power in watts and the distance in meters relationship
was in question, where it is shown that the they are inversely proportional.
Meaning, when received power (w) decrease, T-R distance (m) increase.

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 Secondly, for figure two which discuss the relationship between received
power in dBm and distance in meter, we can make the conclusion that it has
the same relationship as the previous figure, which was inversely proportional.
In addition, figure 3 also discuss an inversely proportional relationship,
however the relationship this time is between the received power in dBW vs
distance in meters. On the other hand, figure 4 describes how T-R distance in
meters is affected when path loss increases. The relationship here is directly
proportional, as it is shown that whenever one parameter increases, the other
increases as well. Lastly figure 5 illustrated 3 received power line verses
distance, which is basically the previous plots once in dBm, once in dBW and
once in W. I was able to conclude the red line (received power in watts) was
almost 0 relative to the other lines of received power in dB. The green line
represents received power in dBm while the purple represents received power
in dBm.

 Conclusion
o Overall, I feel like the objectives of this lab were achieved and accomplished.
I feel like I have understood the RF signal Transmission & Reception along
with the Radio Communication & LOS Link. Moreover, I feel confident in
writing a matlab simulation and code for Frii’s free space Equation after
understanding its theoretical concept

 References
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_transmission_equation

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Grading Rubric
SL No Rubrics Mark Code
1 Individual Assessment 30 (10 +10+10) A
2 Troubleshooting and problem solving/ post lab test 10 B
3 Introduction/ Objective/ Procedure 5 C
4 Calculations /Codes/ Theory. 5 D
5 Data collection/ Findings / observations 5 E
6 Diagrams / Charts / Figures and Plots with Captions 10 F
7 Analysis & Discussion / (theory vs actual) 15 G
8 Conclusions/ Summary /self-reflection 15 H
Quality of work performed including quality of lab report,
9 5 I
neatness etc.