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(Al-Khulafa-Ur-Rashidun) ﻣ A + و ع: Y Z ﻟ ﻠﻔ (ﻞ ا ﻟ0 را ﺳ ﻲ ا ﻟE ﺎﻧ ﻲ 2019 / 2020 م ﻋ 9h ا ن ا ﻟ8 Y Z: ﻣ ﻔ ﻬ h م اﻟ o ‡ ﺎﻟ ﻔ ﺔ

The document appears to be an academic text from Al-Azhar University, focusing on Islamic jurisprudence and various concepts related to it. It includes references to student data, course information, and discussions on the principles of Islamic law. Additionally, it touches on the importance of understanding the foundational texts and their implications in Islamic studies.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
73 views7 pages

(Al-Khulafa-Ur-Rashidun) ﻣ A + و ع: Y Z ﻟ ﻠﻔ (ﻞ ا ﻟ0 را ﺳ ﻲ ا ﻟE ﺎﻧ ﻲ 2019 / 2020 م ﻋ 9h ا ن ا ﻟ8 Y Z: ﻣ ﻔ ﻬ h م اﻟ o ‡ ﺎﻟ ﻔ ﺔ

The document appears to be an academic text from Al-Azhar University, focusing on Islamic jurisprudence and various concepts related to it. It includes references to student data, course information, and discussions on the principles of Islamic law. Additionally, it touches on the importance of understanding the foundational texts and their implications in Islamic studies.

Uploaded by

ashiqulhoque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷ زﻫ‪+‬‬

‫ﻛﻠ‪.‬ﺔ اﻟ‪0‬ارﺳﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣ‪.‬ﺔ واﻟﻌ‪.7+‬ﺔ ﻟﻠ‪98‬ﺎت ‪:‬ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫ‪+‬ة‬


‫ﻗ>? ‪ :‬اﻟ‪B+A‬ﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣ‪.‬ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌ‪8‬ﺔ ‪ :‬ﺳ‪9‬ﺔ اﻟ‪E‬ﺎﻧ‪.‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻛ‪+G9‬ول اﻟﻔ‪+‬ﻗﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ‪E‬ﺎﻧ‪.‬ﺔ‬

‫)‪(AL-KHULAFA-UR-RASHIDUN‬‬
‫ﻋ‪h9‬ان اﻟ‪ :ZY8‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻣ‪+A‬وع ‪ ZY:‬ﻟﻠﻔ[ﻞ اﻟ‪0‬ارﺳﻲ اﻟ‪E‬ﺎﻧﻲ ‪2020 /2019‬م‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﺳ? اﻟ‪d‬ﺎﻟ‪8‬ﺔ ر‪7‬ﺎﻋ‪.‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺗ‪ hg9‬ﺑ‪ j+G‬أﻣ‪.‬ﻠ‪.‬ﺎ ﺑ‪ l9‬ﺗ‪ hg9‬ﻋﺎرف‬


‫اﻟﻔ‪+‬ﻗﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ>‪9‬ﺔ اﻟ‪E‬ﺎﻧ‪.‬ﺔ – اﻟ‪B+A‬ﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣ‪.‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‪o‬ﺎدة‪ :‬اﻷﺻ‪h‬ل اﻟﻔﻘﻪ )اﻟ‪A‬ﺎﻓﻌﻲ(‬

‫‪:‬ﺎﻗ‪.‬ﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﺎدة‪ :‬اﻷ وﻟﻰ‬


‫رﻗ? ﺟﻠ‪h‬س اﻟﻔ[ﻞ اﻟ‪0‬ارﺳﻲ اﻷ ول‪28254 :‬‬
‫رﻗ? اﻟ‪d‬ﺎﻟ‪8‬ﺔ اﻟﻘ‪h‬ﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﺟ‪h‬از اﻟ>ﻔ‪ +‬ﻣﺎﻟ‪A40293336 jz.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ‪.‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺑ‪.‬ﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠ‪+G9g‬ول‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎر‪B‬ﺦ ﺗﻘ‪ ?•0‬اﻟ‪......................................................... :ZY8‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ‪ ?..‬اﻟ‪) :ZY8‬ﻧﺎﺟﺢ(‪) .................................‬ارﺳ‚(‪.................................‬‬
‫أﺳ‪G‬ﺎذ اﻟ‪o‬ﺎدة ‪ :‬اﻟﻔ„‪.‬ﻠﺔ د‪ .‬ﻋ‪ +.8‬ﻋا‪z‬م‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ %$#‬ﷲ اﻟ)ﺣ‪ ,+‬اﻟ)ﺣ‪%-‬‬
‫ﻣ ﻘ‪0‬ﻣ ﺔ اﻟ‪: Z Y8‬‬
‫إن اﻟ‪ 2 1+0‬ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧ‪1+0‬ﻩ وﻧ‪;$‬ﻌ‪# ,-‬ﻪ وﻧ‪;$‬ﻬ‪>1‬ﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧ?ﻣ‪# ,‬ﻪ وﻧ;‪BA‬ﻞ ﻋﻠ‪-‬ﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧﻌ‪A‬ذ ‪#‬ﺎ‪ 2‬ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻣ‪ ,‬ﺷ)ور‬
‫أﻧﻔ‪J$‬ﺎ وﻣ‪ ,‬ﺳ‪L-‬ﺎت أﻋ‪+‬ﺎﻟ‪J‬ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻧﻘ‪A‬م ‪#‬ﺎﻟ‪P‬ﻼة واﻟ‪$‬ﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪S+‬ﻌ‪A‬ث رﺣ‪+‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟ‪ ,-+‬ﺳ‪1-‬ﻧﺎ ﻣ‪ 1+0‬وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﺔ و‬
‫أﺻ‪0‬ﺎ‪#‬ﻪ وأﺗ‪S‬ﺎﻋﻪ أﺟ‪+‬ﻌ‪ .,-‬أﻣﺎ ‪#‬ﻌ‪ 1‬ﻓﺈن ﻫ]ا اﻟ‪) ^0S‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ( >ﻌ‪ 1‬ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻷ‪0#‬ﺎث اﻟ‪+‬ﻬ‪+‬ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣ‪-‬ﺎﺗ‪J‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟ]ﻟ‪ d‬ﻗ‪+g# f+‬ﻊ اﻟ‪+‬ﻌﻠ‪A‬ﻣﺎت اﻟ;ﻲ ﺷ‪+‬ﻠ‪ f‬ﻫ]ا ﻣ‪ ,‬ﺧﻼل اﻟ‪+‬ا)ﺟﻊ واﻟ‪A‬ﺛﺎﺋ‪ m‬اﻟ;ﻲ ﺳ;?‪ 1n‬ﺻ‪0‬ﺔ ﺟ‪+‬ﻊ ﺗﻠ‪d‬‬
‫اﻟ‪+‬ﻌﻠ‪A‬ﻣﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺎ >‪$‬ﻌ‪1‬ﻧﻲ أن أﺟ‪A‬ل ‪#‬ﻔ‪ p)o‬وﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻣ;‪10‬ﺛﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻫ]ا اﻟ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ع اﻟ‪t‬ﺎﺋ‪ m‬اﻟ]‪> p‬ﻌ;‪ )S‬ﻣ‪,‬‬
‫ﻣ‪A‬ﺿ‪A‬ﻋﺎت اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﻋﺔ ﻓ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ع ﺻﻼة اﻻﺳ;‪$‬ﻘﺎء ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ﻋﺎت اﻟ‪nA-0‬ﺔ اﻟ;ﻲ >‪ wg‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪B‬ﻞ ﻣ‪J‬ﺎ اﻟ;ﻌ‪)-S‬‬
‫ﻓ‪-‬ﻪ ﺑأ)>ﻪ و‪]y‬ﻟ‪ d‬ﺗ;‪S‬ﻠ‪A‬ر اﻷﻓ‪o‬ﺎر وﻧ‪z‬ﻊ ﻧ‪ wP‬أﻋ‪JJ-‬ﺎ ﺗ‪ AP‬اًر ﻟﻠ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ع وﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻷذﻫﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﺧ ‪ d‬ﺔ اﻟ‪: Z Y 8‬‬


‫ﺑ‪1‬أت ‪#‬ﻌ‪ 1‬ﺗ‪-+$‬ﺔ ﷲ وذ‪)B‬ﻩ اﻟ‪+‬ﻘ‪1‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ‪ %‬أﻫ‪-+‬ﺔ اﻟ‪ ^0S‬وﻗ‪ 1‬ذ‪)B‬ت ﻓ‪-‬ﻬﺎ ﺳ‪ wS‬اﺧ;‪-‬ﺎر اﻟ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ع وأﻫ‪;-+‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛ‪%‬‬
‫ﺧ{ﺔ اﻟ‪ ،^0S‬ﺛ‪ %‬اﻟ;‪+‬ﻬ‪ ،1-‬ﺛ‪ %‬ﻣ‪ |A;0‬اﻟ‪ ^0S‬ﺛ‪ %‬اﻟ`ﺎﺗ‪+‬ﺔ ﺛ‪# %‬ﻌ‪ 1‬ذﻟ‪ d‬اﻟ‪P+‬ﺎدر واﻟ‪+‬ا)ﺟﻊ وأﺧ‪-‬ا) اﻟﻔﻬ)س‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬اﻟ‪+‬ﻘ‪1‬ﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻘ‪ 1‬ﺗ‪ fJ+z‬أﻫ‪-+‬ﺔ اﻟ‪A+‬ﺿ‪A‬ع‪ ،‬ودواﻋﻲ اﺧ;‪-‬ﺎرﻩ‪ ،‬وﺧ{ﺔ اﻟ‪.^0S‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﻣ‪ |A;0‬اﻟ‪ :^0S‬ﻓﻬ‪ A‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻌ‪ )PJ‬اﻟ)ﺋ‪$-‬ﻲ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺗﻌ)‪ €n‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺣ‪Sg‬ﺔ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ o‬أﻧ‪A‬اع ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺷ)و• اﻟﻌ‪+‬ﻞ ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ v‬اﻟ`ﺎﺗ‪+‬ﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ‪AB]+‬ر ﻓ‪-‬ﻪ ﺧ;ﺎم اﻟ‪ ^0S‬وﻧ;ﺎﺋ‪g‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬اﻟﻔﻬ)س‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟ‪‰hGYo‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺳ‪+‬ﻲ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬ﻣﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ >ﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻏ‪)-‬ﻩ ‪,‬اذ اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق >ﻌ;‪ )S‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻣ‪)g‬دﻻ >‪ 1J;$‬اﻟﻰ اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق واﻧ‪+‬ﺎ ﻓﻬ‪ %‬ﻣ‪,‬‬
‫ﻏ‪ )-‬ﺗ‪n)P‬ﺢ ‪#‬ﺎﻟ;ﻌ‪ )-S‬ﻋ‪J‬ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‪ ŠB+‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪:‬‬


‫ﻫ‪ A‬دﻻﻟﺔ اﻟ‪o‬ﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟ‪ %†0‬اﻟ‡ﺎﺑ‪ f‬ﻟﻠ‪A{J+‬ق ﻋ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪A†$‬ت ﻻﻧ;ﻔﺎء ﻗ‪ 1-‬ﻣ‪ ,‬ﻗ‪A-‬د اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق‪ ،‬أ‪ p‬أن‬
‫اﻟ‪A†$+‬ت ﻋ‪J‬ﻪ ﻣ`ﺎﻟﻒ ﻟ‪ %†0‬اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق ‪#‬ﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗ‪+$> 1‬ﻰ ﻫ]ا اﻟ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م أ>‪z‬ﺎ‪ " :‬دﻟ‪-‬ﻞ اﻟ`{ﺎب‪".‬‬

‫ﺣ‪8Œ‬ﺔ ﻣﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪:‬‬


‫اﻋ;‪)S‬ﻩ اﻟ‪+g‬ﻬ‪A‬ر ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟ‪)t‬ﻋ‪-‬ﺔ وﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬ‪ %‬اﻷﺣ‪J‬ﺎف‪.‬‬
‫اﺳ;‪1‬ل اﻟ‪+g‬ﻬ‪A‬ر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ‪A‬از اﻟﻌ‪+‬ﻞ ‪#‬ﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬أن اﻟ‪S;+‬ﺎدر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻣ‪ ,‬أﺳﺎﻟ‪ w-‬اﻟﻌ)ب وﻋ)ﻓﻬ‪ %‬ﻓﻲ اﺳ;ﻌ‪+‬ﺎل ﻋ‪S‬ﺎارﺗﻬ‪ ،%‬أن ﺗﻘ‪ 1--‬اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﺑ‪A‬ﺻﻒ أو‬
‫ﺷ)•‪ ،‬أو ﺗ‪10‬ﯾ‪# 1‬ﻐﺎ>ﺔ أو ﻋ‪1‬د‪ ،‬ﯾ‪1‬ل ﻋﻠﻰ إﺛ‪S‬ﺎت اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﺣ‪ ^-‬ﯾ‪A‬ﺟ‪ 1‬اﻟﻘ‪ ،1-‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔ‪-‬ﻪ ﺣ‪ ^-‬ﯾ‪;J‬ﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪ ,+‬ﻗﺎل‬
‫‪ :‬ﻫ ‪ w‬اﺑ‪ dJ‬ﺳ ﺎﻋ ﺔ إذ ا ﻧ‪ g‬ﺢ ‪> ،‬ﻔﻬ ‪ %‬ﻣ ‪J‬ﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻬ ‪S‬ﻪ إذ ا ﻟ‪ %‬ﯾ‪ gJ‬ﺢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧ‪-‬ﺎ‪ :‬أن اﻟﻘ‪A-‬د اﻟ;ﻲ ﺗ)د ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪APJ‬ص‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑ‪ 1‬أن ﺗ‪Ao‬ن ﻟ‪+†0‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷن اﻟ‪t‬ﺎرع ﻻ >ﻘّ‪ 1-‬ﺑ‪A‬ﺻﻒ أو ﺷ)• أو‬
‫ﻏﺎ>ﺔ أو ﻋ‪1‬د ﻋ‪‡S‬ﺎ‪ ،‬وأ‘ﻬ) ﻣﺎ ﯾ‪S‬ﺎدر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻬ‪ %‬أن ﺗ‪Ao‬ن ﻫ]ﻩ اﻟ‪+†0‬ﺔ ﺗ`‪ ’-P‬اﻟ‪+# %†0‬ﺎ وﺟ‪ 1‬ﻓ‪-‬ﻪ اﻟﻘ‪،1-‬‬
‫واﻟ;`‪> ’-P‬ﻘ;‪z‬ﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﻋ‪+‬ﺎ ﻟ‪ %‬ﯾ‪A‬ﺟ‪ 1‬ﻓ‪-‬ﻪ اﻟﻘ‪ .1-‬وﻻ ﻓ)ق ﻓﻲ ﻫ]ا ﺑ‪ ,-‬اﻟ‪ ’J‬اﻟ‪)t‬ﻋﻲ وﻏ‪)-‬ﻩ ﻣ‪,‬‬
‫ﻋ‪S‬ﺎارت اﻟ‪J‬ﺎس‪ ،‬إﻻ إذا دّﻟ‪ f‬ﻗ)‪Jn‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟ‪A‬ﺻﻒ أو اﻟ‪ •)t‬أو ﻏ‪)-‬ﻫ‪+‬ﺎ ﻟ‪ “-‬ﻟﻠﻘ‪ 1-‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻐ)ض آﺧ) ﻣ‡ﻞ‬
‫اﻟ;ﻔ`‪ %-‬أو اﻟ‪1+‬ح أو اﻟ]م أو اﻟ‪ p)g‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ‪ ،w‬ﻓﻼ >‪;0‬ﺞ ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟ‡ﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟ‪A‬ا ـ اﻟ‪+g‬ﻬ‪A‬ر ـ ﻓﻲ ﺣ‪1‬ﯾ^ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ اﻟﻐ‪ %J‬ز‪B‬ﺎة ﻟ‪A‬ﻻ أن ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪+‬ﻌﻠ‪A‬ﻓﺔ ﻣ`ﺎﻟﻒ ﻟ‪ %†0‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ ﻟ‪%‬‬
‫>†‪ ,‬ﻟ]‪ )B‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ ﻓﺎﺋ‪1‬ة‪ ،‬ﻓ]‪ )B‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ >ﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻣ‪J‬ﻪ ﺣ†‪ %‬ﻏ‪ )-‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣ‪ ,‬ﻫ‪J‬ﺎ ﺳ‪A+‬ﻩ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫أدﻟﺔ ﻣ]ﻫ‪ w‬اﻷﺣ‪J‬ﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪1‬م اﻻﺣ;‪g‬ﺎج ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳ;‪1‬ل ﻋﻠ‪+‬ﺎء اﻷﺻ‪A‬ل ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻷﺣ‪J‬ﺎف ‪+#‬ﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬أﻧﻪ ﻟ‪ “-‬ﻣ{)د ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﻟ‪ w-‬اﻟﻌ)‪-y‬ﺔ أن ﺗﻘ‪ 1--‬اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﺑ‪A‬ﺻﻒ أو ﺷ)• أو ﺗ‪10‬ﯾ‪# p1‬ﻐﺎ>ﺔ أو ﻋ‪1‬د‪ ،‬ﯾ‪1‬ل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ إﺛ‪S‬ﺎت اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﺣ‪ ^-‬ﯾ‪A‬ﺟ‪ 1‬اﻟﻘ‪ 1-‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔ‪-‬ﻪ ﺣ‪ ^-‬ﯾ‪;J‬ﻔﻰ‪ ،‬و‪-‡B‬ا) ﻣﺎ ﺗ)د اﻟﻌ‪S‬ﺎرة ﻣﻘ‪1-‬ة‪ ،‬و‪);n‬دد اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﻣﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻬ‪ %‬ﺣ†‪ %‬ﻣﺎ اﻧ;ﻔﻰ ﻓ‪-‬ﻪ اﻟﻘ‪ ،1-‬و‪$n‬ﺄل اﻟ‪o;+‬ﻠ‪ %‬ﻋ‪J‬ﻪ وﻻ >‪ )oJ;$‬ﻋﻠ‪-‬ﻪ اﻟ‪?$‬ال‪ ،‬ﻓ‪ ,+‬ﻗﺎل ‪ :‬إذا ﺳﺄﻟ‪ d‬ﺻ‪S‬ﺎﺣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻗ‪ š‬ﺣﺎﺟ;ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﯾ‪ )oJ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﻣﻌﻪ إذا اﺳ;ﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻋ‪ ,+‬ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻣ‪$‬ﺎء‪ .‬و›ذا ‪B‬ﺎﻧ‪ f‬اﻟ‪1‬ﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟ‪ %†0‬ﺣ‪^-‬‬
‫ﯾ‪;J‬ﻔﻲ اﻟﻘ‪ 1-‬ﻏ‪ )-‬ﻣﻘ{‪A‬ع ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ >†‪A‬ن اﻟ‪ ’J‬اﻟ‪)t‬ﻋﻲ ﺣ‪g‬ﺔ ﻋﻠ‪-‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷّن اﻟ‪APJ‬ص اﻟ‪)t‬ﻋ‪-‬ﺔ >‪ wg‬اﻻﺣ;‪-‬ﺎ•‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣ;‪g‬ﺎج ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗ‪Ao‬ن ﺣ‪g‬ﺔ ‪)g+#‬د اﻻﺣ;‪+‬ﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧ‪-‬ﺎ‪ :‬أن ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪B‬ﻼم اﻟ‪J‬ﺎس ﺣ‪g‬ﺔ ﻣﻌ;‪)S‬ة‪ ،‬وﻟ‪Jo‬ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻧ‪AP‬ص اﻟ‪;o‬ﺎب واﻟ‪J$‬ﺔ ﻟ‪ “-‬ﺣ‪g‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺷ)ﻋ‪-‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺧ)ج ﻋ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪APJ‬ص ﻋﻠ‪-‬ﻪ ﯾ‪S‬ﻘﻰ ﻣ‪A†$‬ت ﻋ‪J‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾ?ﺧ] ﺣ†‪+‬ﻪ ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻻﺳ;‪0P‬ﺎب‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻟﻠﻔ‪،œ‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟ‪10‬ﯾ^ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ اﻟﻐ‪ %J‬ز‪B‬ﺎة >‪;$‬ﻔﺎد ﻣ‪J‬ﻪ ﻋ‪1J‬ﻫ‪ %‬ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ اﻟ‪+‬ﻌﻠ‪A‬ﻓﺔ ﻓﻼ ﯾ?ﺧ] ﺣ†‪+‬ﻬﺎ ﻣ‪ ,‬ﻫ]ا‬
‫اﻟ‪10‬ﯾ^ أﺻﻼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ‪#‬ﺎﻗ‪-‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻗ‪S‬ﻞ ﻓ)ض اﻟ•‪B‬ﺎة‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗ?ﺧ] ﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ اﻟ•‪B‬ﺎة‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟ‡ﺎ‪ :‬أن ‪-‡B‬ا) ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪APJ‬ص اﻟ‪)t‬ﻋ‪-‬ﺔ اﻟ;ﻲ دﻟ‪ f‬ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣ†ﺎم وﻗ‪1-‬ت ‪#‬ﻘ‪A-‬د‪ ،‬ﻟ‪ %‬ﯾ‪;J‬ﻒ ﺣ†‪+‬ﻬﺎ ﺣ‪ ^-‬اﻧ;ﻔﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻘ‪ ، 1-‬ﺑﻞ ﺛ‪ fS‬ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪ ’J‬ﻟﻠ‪A‬اﻗﻌﺔ اﻟ;ﻲ ﻓ‪-‬ﻬﺎ اﻟﻘ‪ ،1-‬وﻟﻠ‪A‬اﻗﻌﺔ اﻟ;ﻲ اﻧ;ﻔﻰ ﻋ‪J‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ‪P‬ﻼة ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪$‬ﻔ) ﺗﻘ‪)P‬‬
‫إن ﺧﺎف اﻟ‪P+‬ﻠ‪A‬ن ﻓ;‪J‬ﺔ اﻟ]ﯾ‪B ,‬ﻔ)وا و›ن ﻟ‪`> %‬ﺎﻓ‪A‬ا‪.‬‬

‫أﻧ‪h‬اع ﻣﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪:‬‬


‫‪z‬ﻰ اﻟﱠ‪SِJ‬ﱡﻰ ‪#ِ -‬ﺎﻟﱡ‪ْt‬ﻔَﻌِﺔ ِﻓﻰ‬
‫ـ أ ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪P‬ﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻣ‡ﺎل ذﻟ‪ d‬ﺣ‪1‬ﯾ^ ﺟﺎﺑ) ﺑ‪ ,‬ﻋ‪ 1S‬ﷲ رﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋ‪J‬ﻬ‪+‬ﺎ ﻗﺎَل "‪َ:‬ﻗ َ‬
‫ُﻛِّﻞ َﻣﺎٍل َﻟْ‪ْ>ُ %‬ﻘَ‪" %ْ$‬رواﻩ أﺣ‪ 1+‬واﻟ‪`S‬ﺎر‪ ،p‬ﯾ‪1‬ل ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ) ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪P‬ﻔﺔ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪1‬م ﻣ‪)t‬وﻋ‪-‬ﺔ اﻟ‪t‬ﻔﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‪+-‬ﺎ ﻗ‪ %$‬وﻟ‪> %‬ﻌ‪ 1‬ﻣ‪t‬ﺎﻋﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ‪: •)t‬ﻣ‡ﺎﻟﻪ ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺟﻞ ﺟﻼﻟﻪ))ّ َوِ›ن ُ‪ ,ّB‬أُْوﻻَت َﺣْ‪ٍ+‬ﻞ َﻓﺄَﻧﻔُﻘ‪ْA‬ا َﻋَﻠْ‪ِ-‬ﻬّ‪َ ,‬ﺣ;َّﻰ َ> َ‬
‫‪ْz‬ﻌَ‪َ ,‬ﺣْ‪َ+‬ﻠُﻬّ‪َ ,‬ﻓِﺈْن‬ ‫ـ ب ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م‬
‫ف وِ›ن ﺗَﻌﺎﺳ)ﺗُ‪َ %‬ﻓ‪ِ )ُ;$‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺿُﻊ َﻟُﻪ أُْﺧَ)َ|(( ﯾ‪1‬ل ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫َﻓﺂﺗُ‪ُA‬ﻫّ‪ ,‬أُُﺟ‪َA‬رُﻫّ‪َ ,‬وْأﺗَ‪)ُ+‬وْا َﺑْ‪ْ+َ#ِ %ْoُJَ-‬ﻌُ)و َ َ َ ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫أَْر َ‬
‫ﺿْﻌَ‪َ ,‬ﻟُ‪%ْo‬‬
‫) ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪ (•)t‬ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟ‪+‬أ)ة اﻟ‪{+‬ﻠﻘﺔ اﻟ‪+‬ﻌ;ّ‪1‬ة ﻣ‪¨ ,‬ﻼق ‪#‬ﺎﺋ‪ ,‬ﻻ ﺣ‪ m‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪J‬ﻔﻘﺔ إذا ﻟ‪ %‬ﺗ‪ ,o‬ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وأﻧ‪ )o‬ﻫ]ا اﻟ‪ •)t‬ﻗ‪A‬م‪ ،‬ﻣ‪J‬ﻬ‪ %‬اﻟ‪S‬ﺎﻗﻼﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ِ š‬ﻣَ‪ ,‬اْﻟَ`ْ‪ ©ِ-‬اﻷْﺳَ‪ِA‬د ِﻣَ‪,‬‬
‫© اﻷْﺑَ‪ُ -‬‬
‫َﯾ;ََ‪َ ,َ-ّS‬ﻟُ‪ %ُo‬اْﻟَ`ْ‪ُ -‬‬ ‫ـ ج ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻐﺎ>ﺔ ‪:‬ﻣ‡ﺎﻟﻪ ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ أَوُ‪ُB‬ﻠ‪ْA‬ا َواْﺷَ)ُ‪ْAy‬ا َﺣ;ّﻰ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪-َP‬ﺎَم ِإَﻟﻰ اّﻟﻠْ‪ِ-‬ﻞ ‪ ،‬ﯾ‪1‬ل ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫) ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻐﺎ>ﺔ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‪ %n)0‬اﻷﻛﻞ واﻟ‪)t‬ب ‪#‬ﻌ‪1‬‬ ‫اْﻟَﻔْ‪ )ِg‬ﺛُّ‪ %‬أَﺗّ‪ْA+‬ا اﻟ ّ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎ>ﺔ اﻟ‪10+‬دة وﻫﻲ ¨ﻠ‪A‬ع اﻟﻔ‪.)g‬‬

‫ـ د ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪1‬د ‪:‬ﻣ‡ﺎﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ))اﻟ ّا•ِﻧَ‪ُ-‬ﺔ َواﻟ ّا•ِﻧﻲ َﻓﺎْﺟِﻠُ‪1‬وْا ُ‪ّB‬ﻞ َواِﺣٍ‪ّ 1‬ﻣْ‪ُJ‬ﻬَ‪+‬ﺎ ِﻣَ‪َL‬ﺔ َﺟْﻠَ‪ٍ1‬ة (( ﯾ‪1‬ل ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م‬
‫اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ )ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪1‬د( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪J‬ﻊ اﻟ•‪n‬ﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪+‬ﺎﺋﺔ ﺟﻠ‪1‬ة‪.‬‬

‫‪َ1َP‬ﻗﺎُت ِﻟْﻠُﻔَﻘَ)آِء َواْﻟَ‪$َ+‬ﺎِﻛ‪َ ,ِ-‬واْﻟَﻌﺎِﻣِﻠ‪َ ,َ-‬ﻋَﻠْ‪َ-‬ﻬﺎ َواْﻟُ‪ّ?َ+‬ﻟَﻔِﺔ ُﻗُﻠ‪ُyُA‬ﻬْ‪َ %‬وِﻓﻲ اﻟّ)َﻗﺎِب‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ ﻫـ ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪)): )P0‬إّﻧَ‪+‬ﺎ اﻟ ّ‬
‫‪َ ُª‬ﻋِﻠ‪َ %ٌ-‬ﺣِ‪ ،((%ٌ-o‬ﯾ‪1‬ل ‪A{J+#‬ﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ‪ )P‬اﻟ•‪B‬ﺎة‬ ‫واْﻟﻐﺎِرِﻣ‪ ,-‬وِﻓﻲ ﺳِ‪ِ-S‬ﻞ ‪ ِª‬واﺑِ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪ِ-Sِ$‬ﻞ َﻓِ)‪ًzn‬ﺔ ﻣ‪ِ ,‬‬
‫‪ّ «َ ª‬‬‫َ َّ ّ‬ ‫ّ َْ ّ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻ‪J‬ﺎف اﻟ‡‪+‬ﺎﻧ‪-‬ﺔ اﻟ‪AB]+‬رة ﻓﻲ اﻵ>ﺔ‪ ،‬و‪1n‬ل ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ) ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪ ( )P0‬ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻻ >‪Ag‬ز‬
‫ﺻ)ف اﻟ•‪B‬ﺎة ﻟﻐ‪ )-‬اﻟ‪AB]+‬ر‪.,n‬‬

‫ـ ‪ p‬ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ®)ف زﻣﺎﻧﺎ ‪B‬ﺎن أو ﻣ†ﺎﻧﺎ ‪:‬ﻣ‡ﻞ اﻟ•ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ) اْﻟَ‪0‬ﱡﺞ أَْﺷُﻬٌ) َﻣْﻌُﻠ‪َA‬ﻣﺎٌت( >ﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻣ‪J‬ﻪ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺣّﺞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏ‪)-‬ﻩ‪ ،‬وﻣ‡ﺎل اﻟ‪†+‬ﺎﻧﻲ )َوأَْﻧ;ُْ‪َ %‬ﻋﺎِﻛُﻔ‪َA‬ن ِﻓﻲ اْﻟَ‪$َ+‬ﺎِﺟِ‪> ، (1‬ﻔﻬ‪ %‬أﻧﻪ ﻻ اﻋ;‪o‬ﺎف ﻓﻲ ﻏ‪ )-‬اﻟ‪ 1g$+‬ﻋ‪ 1J‬ﻣ‪> ,‬ﻘ‪A‬ل‬
‫ذ ﻟ‪. d‬‬

‫ـ ن ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ‪:‬ﻧ‪ A0‬أﻋ© اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋﻞ ﻟ‪0‬ﺎﺟ;ﻪ‪> ،‬ﻔﻬ‪ %‬ﻣ‪J‬ﻪ أﻧﻪ ﻻ >ﻌ{ﻲ ﻏ‪ )-‬اﻟ‪;0+‬ﺎج‪.‬‬
‫‪JَP‬ﺎِت ﺛُّ‪َ %‬ﻟْ‪ْ>َ %‬ﺄﺗُ‪ْA‬ا ِ‪#‬ﺄَْرَ‪َy‬ﻌِﺔ ُﺷَﻬَ‪1‬آَء َﻓﺎْﺟِﻠُ‪1‬وُﻫْ‪ %‬ﺛََ‪+‬ﺎِﻧ‪,َ-‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ ف ـ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻌ‪1‬د‪B :‬ﻘ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ))َواّﻟ]ﯾَ‪َ ,‬ﯾْ)ُﻣ‪َA‬ن اْﻟُ‪َ 0ْ+‬‬
‫َﺟْﻠَ‪1‬ةً ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ واﻷﻛ‡) ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻟ‡‪+‬ﺎﻧ‪((.,-‬‬

‫ﻣﻠ‪‘A0‬ﺔ‪J‡;$> :‬ﻰ ﻣ‪ ,‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻋ‪ 1J‬اﻟ‪+g‬ﻬ‪A‬ر ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م واﺣ‪ 1‬ﻫ‪ A‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟﻠﻘ‪ :w‬وﻫ‪ A‬اﻟﻠﻔ‪ œ‬اﻟ‪g‬ﺎﻣ‪ 1‬اﻟ]‪p‬‬
‫ورد ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪ ’J‬اﺳ‪+‬ﺎ أو ﻋﻠ‪+‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ]ات‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ >ﻘ‪ 1P‬ﺑ]‪)B‬ﻩ ﺗﻘ‪ 1--‬وﻻ ﺗ`‪ ’-P‬وﻻ اﺣ;ا)ز ﻋ‪+‬ﺎ ﻋ‪1‬اﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،((ِª‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﯾ‪J‬ﻔﻲ اﻟ)ﺳﺎﻟﺔ واﻟ‪ASJ‬ة ﻋ‪ ,‬ﻏ‪ )-‬اﻟ‪SJ‬ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ وﺳﻠ‪ %‬ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻷﻧ‪-S‬ﺎء‬
‫ﻣ‡ﺎﻟﻪ)) ُﻣَ‪0‬ﱠ‪َ 1ٌ+‬رُﺳ‪ُA‬ل ﱠ‬
‫واﻟ‪)+‬ﺳﻠ‪.,-‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺷ‪+‬و• اﻟﻌ‪o‬ﻞ ‪o:‬ﻔﻬ‪h‬م اﻟ‪‡o‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ‪+g‬ﻬ‪A‬ر‪ :‬إّن ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺣ‪g‬ﺔ >‪ wg‬اﻟﻌ‪+‬ﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪)t#‬و• ﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬أن ﻻ ﯾ‪1‬ل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪A†$+‬ت ﻋ‪J‬ﻪ دﻟ‪-‬ﻞ ﺧﺎص >ﻌﺎرض ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣ‡ﺎل ذﻟ‪ d‬ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ )َوِ›َذا‬
‫‪P‬ﻼَِة ِإْن ِﺧْﻔ;ُْ‪ %‬أَن َ>ْﻔِ;َ‪ %ُoُJ‬اّﻟِ]ﯾَ‪َBَ ,‬ﻔُ)َوْا( ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪)ُP‬وْا ﻣَ‪ ,‬اﻟ ّ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺿَ)ْ‪ %ُْ;y‬ﻓﻲ اﻷْرض َﻓَﻠْ‪َ “َ-‬ﻋَﻠْ‪ُ %ْoُ-‬ﺟَ‪J‬ﺎٌح أَن ﺗَْﻘ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ )ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪ (•)t‬ﯾ‪1‬ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪1‬م ﺟ‪A‬از اﻟﻘ‪ )P‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣ‪ ،,‬وﻟ‪ ,o‬ورد دﻟ‪-‬ﻞ ﺧﺎص >‪Ag‬ز ﺻﻼة‬
‫ﺻَ‪َ1‬ﻗ;َُﻪ "رواﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‪ )P‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ`‪A‬ف واﻷﻣ‪ ,‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪A$‬اء ‪ ،‬وﻫ‪ A‬ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ " ﺻَ‪َ1‬ﻗٌﺔ ﺗَ‪P‬ﱠ‪َ1‬ق ﱠ ِ‬
‫‪ ُª‬ﺑَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠْ‪َ %ْoُ-‬ﻓﺎْﻗَ‪ُS‬ﻠ‪A‬ا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣ‪$‬ﻠ‪ ، %‬ﻓ‪-‬ﻘ‪1‬م اﻟ‪ ’J‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷن اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق ﻣﻘ‪1‬م ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ‪-‬ﺎ‪ :‬أﻻ >†‪A‬ن اﻟﻘ‪ 1-‬اﻟ‪AB]+‬ر ﻗ‪# 1P‬ﻪ ﻓﺎﺋ‪1‬ة أﺧ)| ‪B‬ﺎﻻﻣ;‪J‬ﺎن واﻟ;)ﻏ‪ w-‬واﻟ;ﻬ‪1‬ﯾ‪ 1‬واﻟ;‪J‬ﻔ‪ ،)-‬ﻣ‡ﺎل ذﻟ‪ d‬ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ َوُﻫَ‪ A‬اّﻟِ]‪َ p‬ﺳّ`َ) اْﻟَ‪ِ )َ0ْS‬ﻟ;َْﺄُﻛُﻠ‪ْA‬ا ِﻣْ‪ُJ‬ﻪ َﻟْ‪+0‬ﺎً َ‬
‫¨ِ)ّ‪n‬ﺎً‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ‪+‬ا)د ﻣ‪ ,‬اﻵ>ﺔ اﻻﻣ;‪J‬ﺎن‪ ،‬وﻟ‪ “-‬اﻟ‪+‬ا)د ﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ ﻣ‪J‬ﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻠ‪ %0‬ﻏ‪ )-‬اﻟ{)‪.p‬‬

‫>†‪A‬ن اﻟﻘ‪ 1-‬ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟ‪ w‬اﻷﻋ‪B ، %‬ﻘ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ َوَرَ‪y‬ﺎِﺋُ‪ %ُoُS‬اﻟﻼِّﺗﻲ ِﻓﻲ ُﺣُ‪ِAg‬رُ‪ّ %ْB‬ﻣ‪ّ ,‬ﻧَ‪$‬ﺂِﺋُ‪ %ُo‬اﻟﻼِّﺗﻲ َدَﺧْﻠ;ُْ‪%‬‬ ‫ﺛ ﺎﻟ‡ ﺎ ‪ :‬أن ﻻ‬
‫ﺻﻼَِ‪َ %ْ†ُ#‬وأَن ﺗَْ‪ُ+َg‬ﻌ‪ْA‬ا َﺑْ‪,َ-‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِﺑِﻬّ‪َ ,‬ﻓِﺈن ّﻟْ‪%‬‬
‫ﺗَُ‪ُAo‬ﻧ‪ْA‬ا َدَﺧْﻠ;ُْ‪ %‬ﺑﻬّ‪َ ,‬ﻓﻼَ ُﺟَ‪J‬ﺎَح َﻋَﻠْ‪َ %ْoُ-‬وَﺣﻼَﺋُﻞ أَْﺑَ‪J‬ﺎﺋُ‪ %ُo‬اّﻟ]ﯾَ‪ ,‬ﻣْ‪ ,‬أَ ْ‬
‫‪Bَ َª‬ﺎَن َﻏُﻔ‪ A‬اًر ّرِﺣ‪+-‬ﺎً ﻓﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟ‪ w‬أن اﻟ)‪S-y‬ﺔ ﺗ‪Ao‬ن ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪ ، )g0‬ﻓﻼ ﻋ‪)S‬ة ‪#‬ﺎﻟﻘ‪،1-‬‬ ‫ﻒ ِإّن ّ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َﻗْ‪َ 1‬ﺳَﻠ َ‬ ‫اﻻْﺧ;َْ‪ ,ِ-‬إَﻻّ‬
‫ﻟ‪A‬رودﻩ ﻣ‪A‬رد اﻟﻐﺎﻟ‪ w‬اﻷﻋ‪ ،%‬ﻓ;‪)0‬م ‪B‬ﻞ ر‪S-y‬ﺔ ‪B‬ﺎﻧ‪ f‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪ )g0‬أم ﻻ‪.‬‬

‫ار‪#‬ﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺗ`‪P-P‬ﻪ ‪#‬ﺎﻟ]‪ )B‬ﻟ‪A+‬اﻓﻘﺔ اﻟ‪A‬ﻗﻊ ‪B‬ﻘ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻰ )ﻻّ َﯾ;ِّ`ِ] اْﻟُ‪ِ?ْ+‬ﻣُ‪َAJ‬ن اْﻟَ‪o‬ﺎِﻓِ)‪ ,َn‬أَْوِﻟَ‪-‬ﺂَء ِﻣ‪ُ ,‬دوِن اْﻟُ‪ِ?ْ+‬ﻣِ‪(,َ-J‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻧ•ﻟ‪ f‬ﻓﻲ ﻗ‪A‬م اﻟ‪-‬ﻬ‪A‬د ﻣ‪ ,‬دون اﻟ‪?+‬ﻣ‪ ,-J‬ﻓ‪g‬ﺎءت اﻵ>ﺔ ﻧﺎﻫ‪-‬ﺔ ﻋ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪0‬ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ‪A‬اﻗﻌﺔ ﻣ‪ ,‬ﻏ‪ )-‬ﻗ‪1P‬‬
‫اﻟ;` ‪ ’- P‬ﺑﻬ ﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣ‪$‬ﺎ ـ وﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ ﺗ`‪P-P‬ﻪ ‪#‬ﺎﻟ]‪ )B‬ﻷﺟﻞ اﻟ;‪B 1-BA‬ﻘ‪A‬ﻟﻪ " ‪:‬ﻻَ َ>ِ‪0‬ﱡﻞ ِﻻْﻣ َأَ)ٍة ﺗُْ?ِﻣُ‪#ِ ,‬ﺎ ̄ﱠ ِ َواْﻟَ‪ِAْ-‬م اﻵِﺧِ) أَْن ﺗَُ‪$‬ﺎِﻓَ)‬
‫َﻣِ‪)َ-$‬ةَ َﯾْ‪ٍA‬م َوَﻟْ‪َ-‬ﻠٍﺔ َﻟْ‪َ “َ-‬ﻣَﻌَﻬﺎ ُﺣْ)َﻣٌﺔ‪".‬‬

‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ـ وﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ ورود اﻟ‪Ag‬اب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ?ال ﻓﻠ‪ A‬ﻓ)ض أن ﺳﺎﺋﻼ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ‪:‬ﻫﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ ز‪B‬ﺎة؟ ﻓﺄﺟﺎ‪#‬ﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐ‪%J‬‬
‫اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ ز‪B‬ﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟ‪ ,†> %‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م ﻷن ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟ‪A$‬م ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪Ag‬اب ﻟ‪{+‬ﺎ‪#‬ﻘﺔ اﻟ‪?$‬ال‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎ‪#‬ﻌﺎ ـ وﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ أن >†‪A‬ن اﻟ‪o;+‬ﻠ‪ %‬ﻻ >ﻌ)ف ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م ﻓﺈذا ‪B‬ﺎن اﻟ‪o;+‬ﻠ‪> %‬ﻌﻠ‪ %‬ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ و‪gn‬ﻬﻞ ﺣ†‪%‬‬
‫اﻟ‪+‬ﻌﻠ‪A‬ﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ‪$‬ﺎﺋ‪+‬ﺔ ز‪B‬ﺎة >†‪A‬ن ﻗ‪A‬ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م ﻟﻪ ﻷن ﺗ)‪B‬ﻪ ﻟﻠ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م ﻟﻌ‪1‬م ﻋﻠ‪+‬ﻪ ‪+†0#‬ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣ‪J‬ﺎ ـ وﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ اﻟ`‪A‬ف ‪B‬ﺄن >ﻘ‪A‬ل ﻗ)‪ wn‬اﻟﻌﻬ‪# 1‬ﺎﻹﺳﻼم ﻟﻌ‪1S‬ﻩ ‪)z0#‬ة اﻟ‪$+‬ﻠ‪ ,-+‬ﺗ‪1P‬ق ﺑﻬ]ا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‪$+‬ﻠ‪،,-+‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ >ﻌ;‪ )S‬اﻟ‪$+‬ﻠ‪ ,-+‬ﻟ;)‪B‬ﻪ ذ‪ )B‬ﻏ‪)-‬ﻫ‪ %‬ﺧ‪A‬ﻓﺎ ﻣ‪ ,‬أن ﯾ;ﻬ‪# %‬ﺎﻟ‪J‬ﻔﺎق‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ ـ وﻣ‪J‬ﻬﺎ أن >†‪A‬ن >ﻌﻠ‪ %‬ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪+‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م و‪gn‬ﻬﻞ ﺣ†‪ %‬اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ >†‪A‬ن اﻟ‪A{J+‬ق ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م ﻷن‬
‫ﺗ ` ‪ P - P‬ﻪ ‪ #‬ﺎ ﻟ ] ‪ ) B‬ﻷ ن ا ﻟ ‪ $‬ﺎ ﺋ ﻞ ﻻ > ‪ g‬ﻬ ﻞ إ ﻻ إ > ﺎ ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫“ ِﺑَﻠْﻔِ‪:œ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ‪0‬ﺎﻓ‪ œ‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ;ﻠ`‪ ’-‬اﻟ‪ :447/2)-S0‬ﺣِ‪1‬ﯾُ^‪ِ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎِﺋ‪ِ+‬ﺔ اْﻟَﻐَ‪ %ِJ‬اﻟﱠ•َﻛﺎةُ‪ :‬اْﻟُ‪`َS‬ﺎِرﱡ‪ِ p‬ﻓﻲ َﺣِ‪1‬ﯾِ^ أََﻧ ٍ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ َ‪ْ#‬ﻌَ‪َ 1‬ﻗﻠ‪-‬ﻞ ﻣْ‪َ ,‬ﺣ‪1‬ﯾ^ أََﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫“‪،‬‬ ‫‪P‬ﱠ‪ُ J‬‬ ‫ﺻَ‪َ1‬ﻗﺔ اْﻟَﻐَ‪ %ِJ‬ﻓﻲ َﺳﺎﺋَ‪َ;+‬ﻬﺎ أَْرَ‪y‬ﻌ‪ ,َ-‬إَﻟﻰ ﻋْ‪َ ,َn)t‬وﻣﺎَﺋﺔ َﺷﺎةٌ‪َ.‬وَﻗْ‪َ 1‬ذَﻛَ)ﻩُ اْﻟُ‪َ +‬‬ ‫َوﻓﻲ َ‬
‫‪z‬ﺎﻩُ َ‪َB‬ﻼم اﻟ ﱠا)ِﻓِﻌ ِﻲ ِﻣْ‪ ,‬ﻣَﻐﺎَﯾَ)ِة َﺣِ‪1‬ﯾِ^ أََﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫“ َﻟُﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َوِﻓﻲ ِرَواَ>ﺔ أَِﺑﻲ َداُود ﻓﻲ َﺳﺎﺋَ‪+‬ﺔ اْﻟَﻐَ‪ %ِJ‬إَذا َ‪B‬ﺎَﻧْ‪َ.f‬ﻓَ]َﻛَ)ﻩُ‪َ ،‬وَﻣﺎ اْﻗ;َ َ‬
‫‪P‬ﺎٌر ِﻣْ‪ُJ‬ﻬْ‪،%‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َP‬ﻼِح‪ :‬أَﺣ‪ w$‬أَﱠن َﻗ‪A‬ل اْﻟُﻔَﻘﻬﺎِء واْﻷُ ِِ ِ‬
‫ﺻ‪A‬ﻟّ‪ ,َ--‬ﻓﻲ َﺳﺎﺋَ‪+‬ﺔ اْﻟَﻐَ‪ %ِJ‬اﻟ•َﻛﺎةُ‪ ،‬اْﺧ; َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َﻣْ)ُدود‪َ .‬ﻗﺎَل اْﺑُ‪ ,‬اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫اْﻧ;ََﻬﻰ‪َ .‬وِﻷَِﺑﻲ َداُود َواﻟﱠ‪$َJ‬ﺎِﺋﱡﻲ ِﻣْ‪َ ,‬ﺣِ‪1‬ﯾِ^ َﺑْﻬِ• ْﺑِ‪َ ,‬ﺣِ‪َ ،%ٍ-o‬ﻋْ‪ ,‬أَِﺑ‪ِ-‬ﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋْ‪َ ,‬ﺟِّ‪ِ1‬ﻩ َﻣْ)ُﻓ‪ًA‬ﻋﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻓﻲ ُ‪ِّB‬ﻞ إِﺑٍﻞ َﺳﺎِﺋَ‪ٍ+‬ﺔ‬
‫اْﻟَ‪1ِ0‬ﯾَ^ "‬

‫ﺧ ﺎﺗ‪ o‬ﺔ‬
‫أن اﻷﺻ‪A‬ل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣ‪-‬ﺔ ﻋﻠ‪ %‬ﻟ‪ ,‬ﯾ‪;J‬ﻬﻲ ﻗ‪P‬ا) ﺑﻞ ﻣ‪-{;$‬ﻞ ﻟ‪-S‬ﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﻋ‪1‬ة ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬ‪ %‬اﻟ‪A‬ﺣﻲ ﻣ‪ ,‬ﷲ‬
‫اﻟ]‪ p‬أرﺳﻠﻪ اﻟ‪SJ‬ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠ‪-‬ﻪ وﺳﻠ‪ %‬ﻟ;‪Ao‬ن اﻟ‪n)t‬ﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ دﯾ‪ ,‬اﻟ‪-J0‬ﻒ ﺣ‪ ^-‬اﻷﺣ†ﺎم وﻏ‪ )-‬ذﻟ‪.d‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻬ‪+‬س‪:‬‬
‫ﻋ‪9‬ﺎﺻ‪ +‬اﻟ‪+Ao‬وع‬ ‫رﻗ? اﻟ[ﻔ‪Y‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‪+‬ﻘ ‪1‬ﻣ ﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟ‪ – |A;0+‬ﺗﻌ)‪ €n‬ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻟ‪ - |A;0+‬ﺣ‪Sg‬ﺔ ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻟ‪ - |A;0+‬أﻧ‪A‬اع ﻣﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫اﻟ‪ - |A;0+‬ﺷ)و• اﻟﻌ‪+‬ﻞ ‪+#‬ﻔﻬ‪A‬م اﻟ‪`+‬ﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫اﻟ` ﺎﺗ‪ +‬ﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬ)س‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

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