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Measures of Variability: Variance Standard Deviation

The document discusses measures of variability, including variance and standard deviation. It provides formulas and examples for calculating variance and standard deviation manually and using Excel functions. Students are expected to practice calculating variance and standard deviation for a dataset using both manual formulas in Excel and built-in Excel functions.

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Mikaela Julianne Erada
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152 views

Measures of Variability: Variance Standard Deviation

The document discusses measures of variability, including variance and standard deviation. It provides formulas and examples for calculating variance and standard deviation manually and using Excel functions. Students are expected to practice calculating variance and standard deviation for a dataset using both manual formulas in Excel and built-in Excel functions.

Uploaded by

Mikaela Julianne Erada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quarter 1

Measures of Variability

At the end of the lesson, students must have


1. solved for the Variance and standard deviation using MS Excel and equivalent apps;
2. familiarized the use and importance of measures of variability in descriptive method of
data analysis; and,
3. described the data using measures of variability as descriptive method of data analysis.

Concepts:
Measures of Variability - a number or value that represents the variability or spread
of the data. It is also called measures of dispersion or spread. Some known measures of
variability are Range, Mean Absolute Deviation, Variance and Standard deviation.
However, in this topic, the most commonly used measure which are variance and
standard deviation will be given more focus.

Range - the simplest but the weakest measure of variance. It is found by subtracting
the highest score by the lowest score.

Variance – indicates what degree the individual observations or measurements in a


data set are spread out or dispersed around their mean. The symbol used for variance
is a small letter sigma (σ2). For ungrouped data, it can be found using the formula:
For population: ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 For sample: ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2
𝜎2 = 𝑠2 =
𝑁 𝑛−1

Standard Deviation – the square root of the variance.

Use/importance of variance and standard deviation.


Aside from being used in inferential tests, it is important to know the spread or
dispersion in describing the set of data. A less spread data means more consistent
compared to a more spread data.

For example, if both players have an average score of 21 points per game, a better
option is to look at the standard deviation of scores. A player with less deviation means
the scores he makes per game is near to 21. He may have scored 20, 22, and 24. On
the other hand, a player with higher standard deviation means he scores inconsistently,
that is, may be sometimes he scores 50, but sometimes he may just score 5.

RSulit Oct 2020 Page 1


Practice Activity:
Option 1: Solve Manually on a piece of paper.
Option 2: Open MS Excel and Save File as PA3.1(lastname_firstname)
Given: Copy the data table and follow the guided steps.

Activity 3.1-1 Var and SD using the formula: Using Microsoft Excel or equivalent
spreadsheet apps to solve for the Variance and Standard Deviation.
Step 1. Copy the table and rename the sheet: VAR_SD_GRADE1
Step 2. Solve for the mean (𝑋̅) using the excel function: =AVERAGE(B2:B11)
Step 3. Solve for the (𝑋 − 𝑋̅) in the first row using the excel function: =B2-C2
Step 4. Fix C2 by adding $ in the cell reference or pressing F4 in the formula of the first
row: =B2-$C$2
Step 5. Copy the formula in the cell described in step 3 and 4 and paste on all the cells
below it along the cells that contains data at the left.
Step 6. Square of (𝑋 − 𝑋̅ ). Use the formula CellReference^2 : =D2^2
Step 7. Copy the formula in the cell described in step 6 to the cells below it.
Step 8. For Σ(𝑋 − 𝑋̅ )2 , we need the sum of (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 as prescribed by the formula. So,
apply the sum function for cells in step 6 & step 7. =SUM(E2:E11)
Step 9 n is the number of respondents. Use the formula =Count(Cell Range for Grades):
=COUNT(B2:B11)
Step 10. n-1 is to subtract one from the answer for n in step 9 =G2-1
Step 11. Apply the formula for variance using the data in the table. Var =Σ(𝑋 − 𝑋̅ )2 / (n-
1) : =F2/H2
Step 12. Apply the formula for standard deviation. Take the square root of the variance.
=SQRT(I2)
Note: You may use textbox and equation editors for
column headers. Use a formula to find answers in the white
blank cells. Do not write in darkened cells.
Activity 3.1-2 Var and SD using the Excel Function: Using
Microsoft Excel or equivalent spreadsheet apps to solve for the
Variance and Standard Deviation.
Step 1. Copy the table on a separate sheet in the same file
of Activity 3.1-1 Rename the sheet: VAR_SD_GRADE2
Step 2. On the cell below VAR, type: =VAR.S(
Step 3. then, select the data under Grades and press enter =VAR.S(B2:B11)
Step 4. On the cell below SD, type: =STDEV.S(
Step 5. then, select the data under Grades and press enter =STDEV.S(B2:B11)
RSulit Oct 2020 Page 2

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