FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

86400 PARIT RAJA
BATU PAHAT JOHOR

AKTIVITI/ KERTAS KERJA /WORK SHEET

ACTIVITY
NAMA PROGRAM DAN BBN10205-PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
NAMA KURSUS/
PROGRAM’S CODE & TECHNOLOGY
NAME
NO. DAN TAJUK UNIT
KOMPETENSI /
COMPETENCY UNIT NO.
AND TITLE

NO. DAN PENYATAAN

AKTIVITI KERJA / WORK
ACTIVITIES NO. AND LAB 1: INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMETER
STATEMENT

i. Do the measurement by using analog multimeter.

OBJEKTIF/ ii. Give knowledge about the usage of analog multimeter and its functions.
OBJECTIVES iii. Practice how to read the scale and set the range of multimeter.

AHLI KUMPULAN/ 1. MAS ZHAMIR ZHAKWAN BIN ABDUL AZID (CB200066)

GROUP MEMBERS

ITEM MARKS

1. Attendance/Discipline / 10

2. Participation / 10
UNTUK KEGUNAAN
3. Results / 50
PENGAJAR SAHAJA/
FOR INSTRUCTORS ONLY
4. Discussion / 20

5. Conclusion / 10

TOTAL MARKS / 100

 TITLE : Analog multimeter measurement & application

OBJECTIVES : At the end of this experiment, students should be able to

i. Do the measurement by using analog multimeter. ii.
Give knowledge about the usage of analog multimeter and its
functions.
iii. Practice how to read the scale and set the range of
multimeter.

EQUIPMENT LIST : Analog Multimeter.

Digital Multimeter
Variable DC power supply.
Bread board.
Wire clips.

THEORY:

Multimeters are very useful test instruments. There are two types of multimeter : Analog
multimeter and digital multimeter. Analog meters use the force within the circuit
to move a pointer to a scale position. Digital meters sense the force within the
circuit and convert it to an ordinary number.

By operating a multi-position switch on the meter they can be quickly and easily set to be a
voltmeter, an ammeter or an ohmmeter. In other words, this instrument is used
to measure resistance, current and voltage in electric circuit. It is also used to test
electronic component such as resistor, capacitor, inductor, diode, transistor and
etc. Besides, we can check the condition of these components whether good or
not.

If we looked at the analog multimeter, this equipment is classified into 6 basic divisions:

1. Control Unit
Control unit can be set followed by measurement unit as we need. For example, if we
want to measure alternating voltage and current (AU/AC), we must set the
control unit to AVC (alternating current voltage) and so on.

2. Reading Scale
Reading scale has several curve line with certain unit such as DCV.A, AVC,  and so
on. Electric quantity is measured in this meter by the reading scale.

3. Pointer
The pointer is moving on the reading scale to show you the value of the electric quantity
being measured.

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 4. Terminal Meter
There are two terminal meter named positive terminal and negative terminal. Both of
terminal are joint to test lead where as the red color for positive terminal (+)
and black color for negative terminal (-).
5. The Pointer-Zero Adjustment (only for analog multimeter)
It is used to set the scale of volt and current on zero. An adjustment is not required if the
pointer is set to zero.

6. The Ohms-Zero Adjustment (only for analog multimeter)

Along the bottom of the meter panel marked as Ohms Zero. This knob is used to set the
full scale deflection of the pointer whenever the function is set to Ohms.
Full scale is usually zero ohms. To set this:

i. Set function to
ohms ii.
Set
range to
R x 1 iii.
Touch
probes
together

Label of Each Indicator on the Analog Multimeter

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 RESISTOR SCALE
READING

DCV SCALE READING

POINTER READING

POINTER ADJUSTMENT
AT 0 Volt

OFF MULTIMETER RESISTOR SCALE

SELECTOR ADJUSTMENT TO 0Ω

ACV SELECTOR

DCV SELECTOR TRANSISTOR TESTING

RESISTOR SELECTOR

POSITIVE TERMINAL
NEGATIVE TERMINAL (+VE) CONNECTOR
(-VE) CONNECTOR BUZZER

DC mA SELECTOR

Figure 1
Measurement Method of Analog Multimeter

Analog meters take a little power from the circuit under test to operate their pointer. They must
have a high sensitivity of at least 20k /V or they may upset the circuit under test
and give an incorrect reading.

Batteries inside the meter provide power for the resistance ranges, they will last several years
but you should avoid leaving the meter set to a resistance range in case the leads
touch accidentally and run the battery flat.

Typical ranges for analog multimeter like the one illustrated in Figure 1.
(the voltage and current values given are the maximum
reading on each range)

• DC Voltage: 0.5V, 2.5V, 10V, 50V, 250V, 1000V.

• AC Voltage: 10V, 50V, 250V, 1000V.
• DC Current: 50µA, 2.5mA, 25mA, 250mA.

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 A high current range is often missing from this type of meter.
• AC Current: None. (You are unlikely to need to measure this).
• Resistance: 20 , 200 , 2k , 20k , 200k .
These resistance values are in the middle of the scale for each range.

If we looked at the reading scale of multimeter, we will see many colorful curve lines. Every
line is used for certain unit such as resistance (), direct voltage and current
(DCV.A), alternating voltage current (ACV) and so on (see Figure 2).

Figure 2

A. Resistance Measurement

The resistance scale on an analog meter is normally at the top, it is an unusual scale
because it reads backwards and is not linear (evenly spaced). This is
unfortunate, but it is due to the way the meter works.

1. Set the meter to a suitable resistance range.

Choose a range so that the resistance you expect will be near the middle of the
scale. For example: with the scale shown below and an expected
resistance of about 50k choose the × 1k range.
2. Hold the meter probes together and adjust the control on the
front of the meter which is usually labeled "0 ADJ" until the
pointer reads zero (on the RIGHT remember!).
If you can't adjust it to read zero, the battery inside the meter needs replacing.

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 3. Put the probes across the component.
Avoid touching more than one contact at a time or your resistance will upset
the reading!

Choose scale range at x1. When the pointer shows at 20 scale reading, therefore
the total of resistance is 26 x 1 = 26.

B. DC Voltage Measurement
There are 3 ranges in this scale reading: 0 to 10, 0 to 50 and 0 to 250.
When u want to measure a voltage not more than 50V, the suitable scale range is 0
to
50V. For example, if the pointer shows at 20, the total of
Voltage measured is 20V.

If the voltage is around 0.1V, so suitable scale reading is 0 to 10V (10/100=0.1V).

For example, if the pointer shows at 8, the total of voltage measured is
8/100=0.08V.

C. DC Current Measurement
Scale range has been choosing is 25mA. The suitable scale reading is 0 to
250 (250/10=25mA). If pointer at 150, the total of current measured is
150/10=15mA.

Taking accurate readings

To take an accurate reading from an analogue scale you must have

your eye in line with the pointer.

Avoid looking at an angle from the left or right because you will
see a reading which is a little too high or too low.
Many analogue meters have a small strip of mirror
along the scale to help you. When your eye is in the
Correct Wrong correct position the reflection of the pointer is hidden
reflection hidden reflection visible behind the pointer itself. If you can see the reflection
you are looking at an angle.
Figure 3

Precautions

Multimeters are easily damaged by careless use so please take these steps:

• Always disconnect the multimeter before adjusting the range switch.

• Always check the setting of the range switch before you connect to a circuit.
• Never leave a multimeter set to a current range (except when actually taking a
reading).
The greatest risk of damage is on the current ranges because the meter has a low resistance.

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EXPERIMENT 1: READINGS OF ANALOG MULTIMETER

Procedures:

1. DC Voltage Readings (unit volt)

i. Please ensure the positive prove (red) in positive (+) terminal and
negative probe (black) in negative (-) terminal.
ii. Select the selector to DCV in 250 DVC (Figure 4)

Figure 4

iii. Look the black color scale and find the

maximum scale. The maximum scale at
Point 1 (250) based on selector value 250
DVC.
iv. Look the scale at point 2 and take the
reading in Figure 5. v. The reading shows
at 110V in volt DC unit.

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 Point
2

Point
1

Figure 5

2. Resistor value reading (unit Ω)

i. Please ensure the positive prove (red) in positive (+) terminal and
negative probe (black) in negative (-) terminal.

ii. Before make reading the resistor measurement at the selector switch of
analog multimeter, the best practice touch two probe positive and
negative and make 0 Ω adjustment for resistor measurements.

iii. Example: Select the selector to Ω range at x100 (Figure 6).

Figure 6

iv. Look at top of black color scale and find the number in Ω based from
the right at 0Ω.

v. Look scale at point 1 and take the reading of scale in Figure 7.

vi. The reading shows at 10 Ω (multiply) the value at the scale (100 Ω).
vii. The final result = 1kΩ in Ω unit.

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 Point
1

Figure 7

3. AC volt reading (unit volt)

i. Plug the red test lead into the OUTPUT socket and the black one into
the –COM.
ii. Set the range selector at the selected range position.
iii. Example: Select the selector in ACV range at 50 (Figure 8).

Figure 8

iv. Look the black color scale and find the maximum scale. The maximum
scale at POINT 1 (50) based on selector value 50 AVC.
v. Look the scale at point 2 and take the reading in Figure 9. vi. The
reading shows at 43V in AC volt unit.

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 Point
2

Point
1

Figure 9

4. DC Ampere reading (unit mA)

i. Place the red test lead into + socket and the black into the –COM for
DCA range at
50 µA – 250 mA.

ii. Place the red test lead into the DC 10A MAX socket and the black into
–COM for DCA range at 250mA – 10A.

iii. Set the range selector at a selected DCA range position.

iv. Example: Select the selector to DCmA range in 250 (Figure 10).

Figure 10

v. Look the black color scale and find the maximum scale. The maximum
scale at POINT
1 (250) based on selector value 250 DCV.A vi.
Look the scale at point 2 and take the reading
in Figure 11. vii. The reading shows at DC
current at 170 mA mA unit.

10
 Point
2

Point
1

Figure 11

EXERCISES:

1. Reading on the Scale in Figure 12.

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 Figure 12

Based at pointer on the scale of multimeter, write the reading value at the every range
below:

Selector . Range . Reading . Unit

. DCV . 50 . 11V . VOLTAN(V)
. DCV . 2.5 . 0.55VV. VOLTAN(V)
. DCA . 0.25 . 0.055A. AMPERE(A)
. Resistor . X1 ohm . 75Ω OHM (Ω)
. Resistor . X1k ohm . 75KΩ OHM (Ω)
. ACV . 1000 . 220V. VOLTAN(V)
Table 1

DISCUSSIONS:

1. Analog Multimeter can check the condition of components whether good or

not. Discuss on how to check the condition of switch and fuse.

ANSWER:

 Switch

You will need to apply this method in both cases (on &off). in other word, first
apply this method on switch and the “Push” the push button and perform the same
method again. If the meter reading is “Zero” and in the second attempt, the meter
reading is infinite, it means the Switch is in good condition. If the reading “Zero” or
Infinite in both attempts, it means switch is in short circuit.

 Fuse

We perform same method as we check switch. In short, is if the meter reading

“zero” the fuse in good condition but if the meter infinite the fuse may be broken.

2. Discuss the advantages using Digital Multimeter than Analog Multimeter

ANSWER:

 They are more accurate than analog multimeters.

 The reading speed is increased as it is easier to read.
 Digital multimeter displays have no moving parts. This makes them free from
wear and shock failures.

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