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Percentage of Polymers Used in Packaging: Figure 1 Shows A Kite Flying in The Air

Polymers are widely used materials, with 45 megatonnes used each year. Packaging makes up 40% of polymer use. Poly(ethene) is a common packaging material made through polymerization of the monomer ethene. Polymerization involves multiple monomer molecules joining together to form long polymer chains. Forces acting on a kite include tension in the string and gravity. When the string breaks, the kite will accelerate due to an unbalanced resultant force from the wind.

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502 views6 pages

Percentage of Polymers Used in Packaging: Figure 1 Shows A Kite Flying in The Air

Polymers are widely used materials, with 45 megatonnes used each year. Packaging makes up 40% of polymer use. Poly(ethene) is a common packaging material made through polymerization of the monomer ethene. Polymerization involves multiple monomer molecules joining together to form long polymer chains. Forces acting on a kite include tension in the string and gravity. When the string breaks, the kite will accelerate due to an unbalanced resultant force from the wind.

Uploaded by

Khadijah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1.

Polymers have many important uses. Each year 45 megatonnes of polymers are used.

The pie chart below shows the mass in megatonnes of polymers used in different ways.

(a) What percentage of polymers is used in packaging?

13 divided by 45 = 0.4 x 100 = 40%

Percentage of polymers used in packaging = 40 %


(2)

(b)     (i)      Poly(ethene) is often used for packaging. Poly(ethene) is made from ethene.

Ethene is an alkene with the chemical formula C2H4

Draw the displayed structure for ethene.

    
(1)

(ii)     Poly(ethene) is formed from ethene in a polymerisation reaction.

Describe, in terms of molecules, what happens in a polymerisation reaction.

Many monomers join together to form a polymer.


(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q2.
Figure 1 shows a kite flying in the air.

Figure 1

Page 1 of 6
(a)     The kite string is made from poly(propene).

Figure 2 represents the structure of propene.

Figure 2

Which structure represents poly(propene)?

Tick one box.

(1)

Figure 3 shows the forces acting on the kite.

The kite is not moving.

Figure 3

Page 2 of 6
(b)     Identify forces A and B.

Force A Tension

Force B Gravity
(2)

(c)     The person flying the kite concludes that the resultant force on the kite is zero.

What is the evidence for this conclusion?

As object only remains stationary when resultant force is zero.


(1)

The string breaks.

This means that force A is no longer acting on the kite.

(d)     Explain what will happen to the kite as a result.

The kit will begin to accelerate because the forces are no longer balanced.
(2)

(e)     When the string breaks the force due to the wind acts at an angle of 135° to force B.

Force due to the wind = 5.9 N

Force B = 1.8 N

Draw a vector diagram on Figure 4 to determine the magnitude of the resultant


force acting on the kite.

Figure 4

Page 3 of 6
Magnitude of resultant force = 4.65 N
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

Page 4 of 6
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a)     40 (%)

allow 1 mark for evidence of  


or

 
and percentage correctly calculated
2

(b)     (i)

 
1

(ii)     many monomers / small molecules


1

join together
1

to form very large molecules


or
polymers
1
[6]

Q2.
(a)     A
1

(b)     tension (in the kite string)


1

weight
allow gravity
1

(c)     as object only remains stationary when resultant force is zero

or

if there was a non-zero resultant force, it would accelerate


allow relevant references to Newton’s First or Second Law
as appropriate
1

(d)     kite will begin to move / accelerate


1
because there is now a resultant force
or
forces are no longer balanced
1

(e)     vertical force (1.8 N) drawn to a suitable scale


1

force 5.9 N drawn at 135° to vertical force with same scale


1

parallelogram completed with resultant drawn


1

magnitude of resultant in range 4.64−4.88 (N)


1
[10]

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