ELECTRICAL
G107A
STEP BY STEP
HANDBOOK
VOLTAGE DROP
THIS IS TO BE DONE AS PART OF THE
G107 UNIT TO GAIN EXPERIENCE IN
USING CABLE SELECTION 3008 BOOK
FOR VOLTAGE DROP
Voltage Drop
The voltage dropped over the length of a conductor is caused by the
resistance of the conductor and the current flowing through it.
V=IxR
Why consider voltage drop?
Voltage drop should be considered in situations where high load currents
or long circuit route lengths are present.
Excessive voltage drop in a conductor/s will reduce the operating voltage
available at the load terminals of the equipment and possibly cause the
equipment to be damaged.
Excessive voltage drop can increase the short-circuit operating time of
protective devices thereby reducing the effective protection provided by
the device.
Methods of reducing voltage drop:
Decrease the route length of the cable:
(This is sometimes impractical as the final installation position may not
allow for re-positioning of the cable or the cable route).
Decrease the load current drawn:
(This is not always possible as the final installation loads may be fixed).
Improving the power factor:
(Improving the power factor has the effect of reducing the line current).
Increase the conductor size of the cable:
(Either by selecting a larger conductor size or by paralleling two
conductors as permitted in AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules).
Voltage drop calculations: (AS/NZS3008.1.1)
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Where: Vc = Voltage drop in millivolts per ampere per
metre route length of the circuit. (mV/Am)
(Tables in AS/NZS3008.1.1 only give three-
phase Vc values).
Vd = The actual voltage drop, in volts (V).
L = The route length of the circuit, in metres (m).
(The distance measured along the run of wiring
from the origin of the circuit to the point of
consideration, e.g. the distance measured
between a switchboard and a motor).
I = The current to be carried by the cable, in
amperes (A).
Note:
The voltage drop formula may be found on page 91 of AS/NZS3008.1.1
(Selection of Cables).
The formula Vc = 1000 x Vd for determining the Vc value may
LxI
also be found on page 91 of AS/NZS3008.1.1
By referring to the Voltage Drop tables 40 to 50 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, the
three-phase Vc may be found so as to determine the minimum permissible
cable size. The three-phase Vc may also be found from the cable size and its
conductor temperature.
Voltage Drop
Clause 3.6 of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules
The cross-sectional area of every current-carrying conductor shall be such
that the voltage drop between the point of supply for the low voltage
electrical installation and any point in that low voltage electrical
installation does not exceed 5% of the nominal voltage at the point of
supply.
Therefore; for single-phase circuits: 5% of 230V = 11.5V
three-phase circuits: 5% of 400V = 20V
Remember, in most practical situations, there is generally some voltage drop
in the consumer’s mains. If the route length of the consumer’s mains is
considerably long, then the voltage drop may also be of a significant
value. In general, we may have anything from practically zero volts up to
three volts of voltage drop in the consumer’s mains. This must be taken
into account when determining the voltage drop of the circuit you are
working on.
AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules Requirements (Voltage Drop)
Clause 3.6.2 of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules The cross-sectional area of
every current-carrying conductor shall be such that the voltage drop
between the point of supply and any point in the electrical installation
does not exceed 5% of the nominal voltage at the point of supply
when the conductors are carrying maximum demand. The value of
current used for the calculation of voltage drop need not exceed:
(a) the total of the connected load supplied through the circuit; or
(b) the maximum demand of the circuit; or
(c) the current rating of the circuit protective device
The value of current used for the calculation of voltage drop for final sub-
circuits with distributed load (such as socket-outlets or lighting), half the
current rating of the protective device may be used.
Conductors in parallel
The voltage drop for a circuit in which conductors are connected in parallel
shall be taken as the voltage drop in one of the conductors when that
conductor is carrying a current determined by dividing the value of current
of the circuit by the number of conductors connected in parallel.
Example Problems – Voltage Drop
Determining the Voltage Drop in Non-Domestic Installations
Example 1:
(Non-domestic Installation)
In a non-domestic installation, a three-phase 400V final sub-circuit,
consisting of three, V75 single-core thermoplastic insulated and sheathed
cables with copper conductors, is to supply a 43 ampere resistive load.
The three, single-core cables are to be enclosed in heavy duty rigid
thermoplastic conduit with no other circuits and saddled to a building
structure open to the air.
Circuit protection is to be via a circuit breaker and the distance from the
switchboard to the load terminals of the equipment has been measured to
be 89 metres.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the minimum permissible cable size
for the final sub-circuit, taking into consideration the necessary voltage
drop requirements.
(Neglect any voltage drop in the consumer’s mains)
Solution (1) - Example 1
Step 1: From Column 15 of Table 7, AS/NZS3008.1.1, select the
minimum size cable that can safely carry 43 ampere.
10mm2cable can safely carry 47 ampere, but does it satisfy
the voltage drop requirements of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring
Rules?
Step 2: From Table 41 of AS/NZS3008.1.1 (page 102), note the
three-phase Vc of 10mm2 V75 cable.
10mm2 cable has a Vc of 3.86 mV/Am.
Step 3: Using the following formula, calculate the voltage drop of
the 10mm2 cable.
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Vd = L x I x 3.86
1000
Vd = 89 x 43 x 3.86
1000
Vd = 14772.22
1000
Vd = 14.772 Volts
2
If we select the 10mm cable, a voltage drop loss of 14.77V will be lost
over the circuit run.
This value is quite acceptable as it does not exceed the maximum
permissible voltage drop value of 20V as required by AS/NZS3000:2018.
2
Therefore, the 10mm cable may be used to wire this final sub-circuit.
Example 2: (Non-domestic installation)
A three-phase 400V final sub-circuit in a non-domestic installation, is to
be used to supply a load with a maximum demand current of 30 ampere.
2
The circuit wiring consists of three, single-core 6mm V75 thermoplastic
insulated and sheathed cables with copper conductors which are to be
protected by HRC fuses.
0
Please Note: All V90, HFI90TP and V90HT cables are rated at 75 C . See
Table 3.2 of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules
They are to be run in heavy-duty rigid thermoplastic conduit, installed
in the ground to a depth of 0.5 metres below the ground surface and in an
ambient soil temperature of 25 degrees Celsius.
The route length of the cable run has been measured to be 76 metres.
(Neglect any voltage drop in the consumers mains)
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, calculate the voltage drop of the circuit run and
determine whether it meets the AS/NZS3000:2018 requirements.
Solution - Example 2:
Step 1: From Table 41, under the heading of V75, note the three-
phase Vc value for 6mm2 cable.
6mm2 = 6.49mV/Am
Step 2: From Table 7, Col 24, 6mm2 cable has a current-carrying capacity of
45A.
Because circuit protection is via HRC fuses, a derating factor of 0.9 applies.
(Remember this from the ‘Selection of Cables’topic?)
Therefore; current-carrying capacity of cable:
45A x 0.9 = 40.5A
2
6mm cable can therefore safely carry the 30A.
Now let’s see if it satisfies the voltage drop requirements.
Step 3: Calculate the voltage drop.
VD = L x I x Vc
1000
VD = 76 x 30 x 6.49
1000
VD = 14797.2
1000
VD = 14.80Volt
The voltage drop of 14.80 volts is less than the maximum permissible value
of 20 volts (5% of 400V), therefore, 6mm2 cable will be suitable to use
for this final sub-circuit.
Example 3:
Now let us consider a voltage drop problem where we are taking into
account the voltage dropped in the consumers mains. We must consider
the voltage drop in the consumers mains, because the 5% maximum
voltage drop is from the point of supply to any point of the installation.
A three-phase 400V non-domestic final sub-circuit of V75 multi-core
sheathed cable with copper conductors, is to be buried directly in the
ground for a route length of 189 metres to supply a 21 ampere load.
The circuit is to be protected by circuit breakers.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the minimum permissible size cable
required for the final sub-circuit if there is already a voltage drop of
one percent (1%) in the consumers mains and sub-mains supplying the
final sub-circuit?
Solution - Example 3
Step 1: The maximum permissible voltage drop on the whole
installation is five percent. As one percent is already
accounted for, then four percent is permitted on the final
sub-circuit.
Therefore, the permissible voltage drop on the final sub-
circuit on a three-phase basis is:-
4% of 400V is 16V
Step 2: Using the following formula, the maximum permissible
Value for Vc can be calculated:
Vc = 1000 x Vd
LxI
Vc = 1000 x 16
189 x 21
Vc = 16000 = 4.03mV/Am
3969
Step 3: From Table 42 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, under the heading of
V75, select the value of Vc that is nearest to, but does not
exceed your calculated value of 4.03 mV/Am.
3.86mV/Am is the nearest value of Vc that does not exceed 4.03mV/Am
calculated value.
Follow horizontally across the page of Table 42 to the
conductor size column and note the size of the conductor.
10mm2 cable is the minimum permissible size cable that may be used to
wire this final sub-circuit.
2
Step 4: From Table 13, Col 23, 10mm cable has a current carrying
capacity of 55A. Therefore; 10mm2 cable satisfies both the
voltage drop and current-carrying capacity criteria.
Example 4:
A final sub-circuit in a non-domestic installation is to provide a single-
phase 230V supply for an industrial kiln (resistive load).
The final sub-circuit is to be wired with a flat V75 twin thermoplastic
insulated and sheathed (TPS) cable with copper conductors and earth
continuity conductor. It is run in a single circuit configuration and
protected by a circuit breaker.
The cable is to be clipped to a building structure and installed unenclosed
in air. The route length of the circuit is 45 metres and the current rating
of the kiln is 38 ampere.
Calculate the voltage drop of the cable run and then, using the appropriate
tables from AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the minimum permissible cable
size that may be used for this circuit.
(Neglect any voltage drop in the consumer’s mains)
Solution - Example 4:
Step 1: From Table 10, Column 5 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, select the
minimum size cable that can safely carry the maximum demand
current of 38 ampere.
6mm2 cable has a current carrying capacity of 44 ampere.
Step 2: From Table 42 of AS/NZS3008.1.1 the three-phase Vc (mV/Am)
value of 6mm2 cable is 6.49 mV/Am.
To convert to a single-phase value of Vc, multiply
6.49 mV/Am x 1.155.
6.49 x 1.155 = 7.5mV/Am
2
Therefore, the single-phase Vc value for 6mm cable is
7.50 mV/Am.
Step 3: Using the voltage drop formula, we can now calculate the
voltage drop of the 6mm2cable:
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Vd = 45 x 38 x 7.5
1000
Vd = 12825
1000
Vd = 12.825 Volts
This value of voltage drop exceeds the maximum permissible voltage drop of
11.5V for single-phase circuits.
The cable is too small! A larger size cable must be selected.
Step 4: Therefore, from Table 10, Column 5 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, select
the next largest size cable above 6mm2.
2
The next largest size cable is 10mm .
The current carrying capacity of 10mm2 cable is 60 ampere.
Step 5: From Table 42 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, note the three-phase Vc
(mV/Am) of 10mm2cable.
10mm2 cable has a three-phase Vc of 3.86 mV/Am.
Step 6. Remember, to convert to a single-phase value of Vc we must
multiply 3.86 mV/Am x 1.155.
3.86 x 1.155 = 4.46mV/Am
2
Therefore, the single-phase Vc value for 10mm cable is
4.46mV/Am.
Step 7: Using the voltage drop formula once again, calculate the
voltage drop of the 10mm2 cable to ensure it meets the
AS/NZS3000:2018 permissible requirements.
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Vd = 45 x 38 x 4.46
1000
Vd = 7627
1000
Vd = 7.627 Volts
The 10mm2 cable, under the installation conditions given in the example,
will have a voltage drop of 7.627 volt.
This meets the requirements of AS/NZS3008.1.1, as it does not exceed
the maximum permissible voltage drop value of 11.5 volts.
2
Therefore, a 10mm cable would be suitable for this final sub-circuit.
Example 5:
In a non-domestic installation, a three-phase 400V final sub-circuit,
consisting of a 4mm2 V90 multi-core thermoplastic insulated and
sheathed cable with circular copper conductors, supplies a 24 ampere
resistive load.
2
The 4mm multi-core cable has been run over a route length of 89 metres
clipped to an external
0 building structure with the cable operating
temperature of 45 C.
Circuit protection is to be via a circuit breaker.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the minimum permissible cable size
for the final sub-circuit, taking into consideration the necessary voltage
drop requirements.
(Neglect any voltage drop in the consumer’s mains)
Solution - Example 5.
Step 1: From Table 42 of AS/NZS3008.1.1 (page 103), note the
three-phase Vc of 4mm2 V90 cable.
However, this time scan down the column with the heading
45 (under max. p.f. conditions).
This is the temperature in degrees Celsius at which the
conductor is operating in. It is well below the maximum
rating of the 750 we may use for a V75 cable.
2
4mm cable has a Vc of 8.77 mV/Am.
Step 2: Using the following formula, calculate the voltage drop of
the 4mm2 cable.
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Vd = 89 x 24 x 8.77
1000
Vd = 18732.72
1000
Vd = 18.732 Volts
2
The 4mm cable has a voltage drop loss of 18.77V over the circuit run of
89 metres.
This value is quite acceptable as it does not exceed the maximum
permissible voltage drop value of 20V as required by AS/NZS3000:2018.
2
Just make sure the 4mm cable satisfies the current-carrying capacity
requirements.
2
From column 5of table 13 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, scan down to 4mm and
make sure it can safely handle to load current of 24 amperes.
2
4mm cable has a current-carrying capacity of 29 ampere.
Note: 0
It is interesting to note, that if we had used the 75 C heading of table 42,
the 4mm2 cable would have a voltage drop that exceeds the requirements
of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules and therefore could not be used
under these operating conditions.
Example 6:
2
A 2.5mm V75 Red, Black & Earth TPS cable with circular copper
conductors is to be used to supply a circuit of fifteen 230V 10A socket
outlets. The cable is to be run through the studs and noggings of the
house frame over a distance of 45 metres. It is to be protected by a 25A
type C miniature circuit breaker.
There is no thermal insulation within the wall space.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the minimum permissible cable size
for the final sub-circuit, taking into consideration the necessary voltage
drop requirements.
(Neglect any voltage drop in the consumer’s mains)
Solution - Example 6.
Step 1: As there is no current rating given in the question as we don’t
know what loads are to be plugged into the socket-outlets, we
may use a current value that is equivalent to half the current
rating of the protective device.
(Clause 3.6.2 – AS/NZS3000:2018)
Therefore, 25A ÷ 2 = 12.5A
Step 2: From Table 10, column 5 of AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the
current carrying capacity of the 2.5mm2 cable.
2.5mm2 cable – 26A
Protective device – 25A
Step 3: From Table 42 of AS/NZS3008.1.1 the three-phase Vc (mV/Am)
value of 2.5mm2 cable is 15.6mV/Am.
To convert to a single-phase value of Vc, multiply
15.6mV/Am x 1.155.
15.6 x 1.155 = 18.018mV/Am
Therefore, the single-phase Vc value for 2.5mm2 cable is
18.018mV/Am.
Step 4: Using the voltage drop formula, we can now calculate the
voltage drop of the 2.5mm2 cable:
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Vd = 45 x 12.5 x 18.018
1000
Vd = 10135.125
1000
Vd = 10.135 Volts
As the voltage drop does not exceed 11.5 volts, the cable
satisfies the voltage drop requirements
Example 7:
The consumers mains supplying a 400V three-phase MEN block of living
units, is to be upgraded to meet the additional load that has been added to
the
installation over a number of years.
The new calculated maximum demand value has been determined to be
166 ampere per phase.
Rather than pull out the four existing 16mm2 XLPE (X90) single-core
insulated and sheathed conductors with copper conductors, he has
decided to run another four identical single-core conductors in parallel
with them.
Note clause 3.4.3 Ex (ii) Each set of insulated and sheathed single-core cables
are to be installed in their own heavy duty PVC conduit and installed in
the ground to a minimum depth of 0.5 metres.
The circuit, comprising of the two cables, is to be protected by circuit breakers
and the distance from the point of supply to the main switchboard is 27
metres.
There are no derating requirements to consider.
Determine the voltage drop of the modified consumers mains.
Solution - Example 7.
Step 1: Determine the current to be carried by each group of cables.
166A ÷ 2 = 83A
Step 2: From Table 8 column 2, the current carrying capacity of 16mm2
cable = 86A
Step 3: The total current carrying capacity of the modified
consumers mains 86A + 86A = 172A
The current carrying capacity of the modified circuit is large
enough to handle the maximum demand current of 166A
Step 4: From table 41 of AS/NZS3008.1.1 determine the Vc of
16mm2 cable.
Vc = 2.55mV/Am
Step 5: Using the formula:
Vd = L x I x Vc
1000
Remember to use half the M.D. current value (Clause 3.6.3)
Vd = 27 x 83 x 2.55
1000
Vd = 5714.55
1000
Vd = 5.715 Volts
The maximum permissible voltage drop in the entire installation is 5% of the
400V supply voltage. (20Volts)
5.715 volts equates to 1.43% of the total permissible voltage drop.
Self Check Questions – Voltage Drop
Remember, the cable must be able to safely carry the load current as
well
as meet the voltage drop requirements of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules.
Question 1.
2
A three-phase 400V sub-circuit consisting of four 4mm V75 single-core
insulated and sheathed cables with circular copper conductors, are to be
enclosed in heavy duty underground PVC
0 conduit to a depth of 0.5 metres in
a ambient soil temperature of 25 Celsius over a route length 110
metres.
The circuit has been installed in a single circuit configuration. The cables,
which are to be protected by a triple-pole circuit breaker, are to supply a
three-phase pump motor on a dam. The pump motor has a current
rating 20 ampere.
2
Determine whether the 4mm single-core cables meet the voltage drop
requirements of AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules?
Note: Neglect voltage drop in the consumer’s mains.
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 2.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, calculate the voltage drop of a three-phase, 400V
three-wire circuit, which is carrying a full load of 34 ampere if the route
length of the cable is 98 metres from the origin of supply.
2
The circuit has been wired using three, single-core 6mm V75 thermoplastic
insulated and sheathed (SDI) cables with copper conductors and protected
by circuit breakers at the main switchboard..
The SDI cables have been installed in heavy-duty rigid thermoplastic conduit
in single circuit configuration, open to the air.
Does the voltage drop of the circuit satisfy the requirements of
AS/NZS3000:2018 Wiring Rules?
Note: Neglect voltage drop in the consumer’s mains.
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 3.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the total voltage drop of the following
400V three-phase non-domestic installation.
All circuits are wired with single-core V90 thermoplastic insulated and
unsheathed (TPI) cables with circular copper conductors enclosed in
heavy duty rigid thermoplastic conduit and installed open to the air.
All circuits are installed on their own with no other circuits and protected
by circuit breakers.
Consumers Mains: * Maximum demand current: 55A
* Route length: 11m
* Cable size: 16mm2
Sub-Mains: * Maximum demand current: 39A
* Route length: 42m
* Cable size: 10mm2
Final sub-circuit: * Maximum demand current: 21A
* Route length: 27m
* Cable size: 4mm2
Calculate the total voltage drop over the complete run.
Does it meet the permissible requirements as set out in
AS/NZS3000:2018?
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 4.
2
An existing 87 metre run of 4mm , four single-core V75 thermoplastic
insulated and sheathed (SDI) cables with copper conductors, is installed
in a non-metallic conduit.
The conduit is saddled to a building structure in open air and the circuit
is protected by circuit breakers.
The final sub-circuit supplies a three-phase 22A three-phase 400V motor
installed within one machine.
Is it permissible to add a small 4 ampere 400V motor to the machine;
thereby increasing the circuit cables up to their full rated current of
26 ampere.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the total voltage drop of the proposed
circuit.
Note: Neglect voltage drop in the consumer’s mains.
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 5.
A three-phase 400V Induction motor with a name-plate current rating of 33
ampere has been wired with 6mm2 three core & earth flat V75 Thermoplastic
Insulated and sheathed cable with copper conductors.
The cable has been enclosed in heavy-duty PVC conduit and buried in the
ground to a depth of 0.5metres. The circuit has been protected by Circuit
breakers. The distance from the switchboard to the motor is 108 metres.
The motor is to be replaced with a larger motor that has an increased current
rating of 58 ampere.
To save costs, the electrician in charge of the job has decided to run another
identical cable in parallel with the existing one. This cable will be run in its
own conduit and will be laid touching the existing conduit.
Determine the voltage drop of the modified circuit and indicate if it satisfies
the AS/NZS Wiring Rules voltage drop requirements?
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 6.
Using AS/NZS3008.1.1, determine the voltage drop of a cable that will be
used for a non-domestic final sub-circuit over a route length of 90 metres,
which is to carry a maximum demand current of 30 ampere.
The main supply at the switchboard is 230V and there is negligible
voltage drop in the consumers mains.
2
The cables are 16mm V75 thermoplastic insulated and sheathed non-
armoured single-core cables with circular copper conductors.
The cable is to be installed unenclosed in air, clipped direct to a wall and
protected by a circuit breaker. There are no other cables in their vicinity.
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 7.
The consumers mains supplying a 400V three-phase MEN hotel installation is
to be upgraded to meet the additional load that has been added to the
installation over a number of years.
The new maximum demand value has been measured to be 128 ampere per
phase.
2
The four existing 25mm XLPE (X90) single-core insulated and sheathed
cables with copper conductors are to have another set of identical single-core
cables laid in parallel with them.
Each set of insulated and sheathed single-core cables are to be installed in
their own heavy duty PVC conduit and installed in the ground to a
minimum depth of 0.5 metres.
The circuit, comprising of the two cables, is to be protected by circuit
breakers. The distance from the point of supply to the main switchboard
is
49 metres.
Determine the voltage drop of the modified consumer’s mains.
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 8.
2
Three 16mm V90 multi-core cables comprising of three core and earth with
circular copper conductors, are to be connected in parallel to make up the
consumer’s mains that are to supply a 400V three-phase factory. The
maximum demand of the installation has been calculated to be 180
amperes per phase.
The three cables that make up the consumer’s mains are to be bunched and
clipped on a vertical surface over a distance of 63 metres and protected by
circuit breakers.
Determine the voltage drop of the consumer’s mains which is not to
exceed 2% of the maximum permissible 5% of the entire installation.
Does the voltage drop of the consumer’s mains meet the above
requirements?
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Question 9.
2
Four 25mm XLPE (X90) multi-core cables comprising of four core and earth
with copper conductors are to be connected in parallel to form the
consumer’s mains that are to supply a 400V MEN commercial
installation.
The maximum demand of the installation has been calculated to be 264
ampere per phase.
The four cables that make up the consumer’s mains are to be buried directly
in the ground to a depth of 0.5 metres, laid flat and touching each other.
The
0
ambient temperature of the soil where the cables are to be buried is 25 C.
The four cables that make up the consumer’s mains are to be run over a
distance of 70 metres and are to be protected by circuit breakers.
Determine the voltage drop of the consumer’s mains which is not to
exceed 2% of the maximum permissible 5% of the entire installation.
Does the voltage drop of the consumer’s mains meet the above
requirements?
Answer: (Give Table and Column numbers and show all working out).
Self Check Answers - Voltage Drop
Question 1: 21.37 volts
Table 41
NO!
Question 2: 21.62 Volts
Table 41
6mm2 = 6.49mA/Am
No!
Question 3: Table 41
16mm = 1.47V, 10mm = 6.32V, 4mm = 5.51V,
Total VD = 13.30V
Yes
Question 4: NO!
(21.96V exceeds maximum permissible voltage drop of
20V)
Table 41
Question 5: 20.33V
Table 42
No!
Question 6: Table 41
VD = 7.57 volts (16 mm2 ),(1 ph.)
Question 7: Table 41
25mm2 = 1.62mV/Am
5.08 Volts
Question 8: Table 42
16mm2 = 2.43mV/Am
2% of 400V = 8 Volts
9.19 Volts - No!
Question 9: Table 42
25mm2= 1.61mV/Am
2% of 400V = 8 Volts
7.44 Volts - Yes!
