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Types of Computer Operations

Computer Science

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Uzair Soomro
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18 views

Types of Computer Operations

Computer Science

Uploaded by

Uzair Soomro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Computer Operations

An operating system performs the following functions:

 Memory management
 Task or process management
 Storage management
 Device or input/output management
 Kernel or scheduling

Memory Management
The method of handling machine memory is memory management. Two types of machine
memory are:

 Primary
 secondary.

After freeing the memory, the memory section for applications and programme is reserved.
Operating System Memory Management
Memory management is important for the operating system involved in multitasking wherein
the OS requires switching of memory space from one process to another. Every single program
requires some memory space for its execution, which is provided by the memory management
unit.

A CPU consists of two types of memory modules:

virtual memory and physical memory. The virtual memory is RAM memory, and the physical
memory is a hard disk memory. An operating system manages the virtual memory address
spaces, and the assignment of real memory is followed by the virtual memory address.

Before executing instructions, the CPU sends the virtual address to the memory management
unit. Subsequently, the MMU sends the physical address to the real memory, and then the real
memory allocates space for the programs or data.

Task or Process Management


Process management is an instance of a program that is being executed. The process consists
of a number of elements, such as an identifier, program counter, memory pointer and context
data, and so on. The Process is actually an execution of those instructions.

Process Management
There are two types of process methods: single process and multitasking method. The single
process method deals with a single application running at a time. The multitasking method
allows multiple processes at a time.
Storage Management
Storage management is a function of the operating system that handles memory allocation of
the data. The system consists of different types of memory devices, such as primary storage
memory (RAM), secondary storage memory, (Hard disk), and cache storage memory.

Instructions and data are placed in the primary storage or cache memory, which is referenced
by the running program. However, the data is lost when the power supply cut off. The
secondary memory is a permanent storage device. The operating system allocates a storage
place when new files are created and the request for memory access is scheduled.

Device or Input/output Management


In computer architecture, the combination of CPU and main memory is the brain of the
computer, and it is managed by the input and output resources. Humans interact with the
machines by providing information through I/O devices.

The display, keyboard, printer, and mouse are I/O devices. The management of all these
devices affects the throughput of a system; therefore, the input and output management of the
system is a primary responsibility of the operating system

Scheduling
Scheduling by an operating system is a process of controlling and prioritizing the messages sent
to a processor. The operating system maintains a constant amount of work for the processor
and thus balances the workload. As a result, each process is completed within a stipulated time
frame.

Hence, scheduling is very important in real-time systems. The schedulers are mainly of three
types:

Long term scheduler

Short term scheduler

Medium-term schedule

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