1) Realizar un informe sobre el diccionario, se deben responder las siguientes preguntas:
a) What is a dictionary?
A dictionary is a listing of words in one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and
stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, pronunciations,
translation, etc
b) Types of dictionaries
Bilingual dictionaries: are those that help us find the meaning of a word in two different languages. In our case, we will
always use the bilingual dictionary between Spanish and another language, and what it does is allow us to find how any
word we think of in Spanish would be said in the other language.
Normative dictionaries: they are those that collect the words that are accepted as correct in a language. In Spanish we
have the DRAE as the most important, of the Royal Spanish Academy. This contains the words accepted by this
institution and their use, that is, their different functions.
Technical dictionaries: these are specialized dictionaries and collect all the vocabulary related to a discipline, technique,
art, etc. They are very good when doing specific research work in a certain discipline. In this type of dictionary we can
find all the vocabulary in this regard that we may need and that, surely, you did not know.
Usage dictionaries: they are the ones we use in Spanish to find the meaning of a word. All languages have their own. In
case you didn't know, in Spanish we have a very complete and special one, it is the Dictionary of Use of Spanish, by
María Moliner.
Dictionary of synonyms or antonyms: these dictionaries are very good and can help us a lot to search for a word, others
that mean the same thing or that mean just the opposite.
Etymological dictionaries: they help us to know about the etymology or the origin of a certain word in a language. They
are very important and very interesting to study the evolution of a language and its words. One of the most current and
modernized that we have in Spanish is the Etymological Critical Dictionary, by Joan Corominas.
Ideological dictionaries: they are also very thematic, that is, you can find words that all have a general idea in common.
For example, words related to medicine, cinema, etc.
Encyclopedic dictionaries: they are those that contain broader and more detailed information on historical stages,
characters, discoveries, disciplines, etc. They are very visual and graphic, generally. And although they are currently
less used, they have always been the support of every student, like the paper Network, where they could consult
anything.
Abbreviations
abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters, or words taken
from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the
abbreviation abbr., abbrv., or abbrev. Some types of abbreviations are acronyms (which are
pronounceable), initialisms (using initials only), or grammatical contractions or crasis.
An abbreviation is a shortening by any of these, or other, methods.
Types of words
All words belong to categories called word classes (or parts of speech) according to the part they play in a sentence. The
main word classes in English are listed below:
Noun
A noun is a word that identifies:
a person (man, girl, engineer, friend)
a thing (horse, wall, flower, country)
an idea, quality, or state (anger, courage, life, luckiness)
Verb
A verb describes what a person or thing does or what happens. For example, verbs describe:
an action – jump, stop, explore
an event – snow, happen
a situation – be, seem, have
a change – evolve, shrink, widen
Auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verbs are so called because they help to form the various tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. The
principal ones are be, do, and have.
Be is used with other verbs to form continuous tenses and the passive voice:
She is reading a magazine.
We were talking to them for ages.
England were beaten by Germany in the final.
Have is used to make perfect tenses:
The judge had asked her to speak up.
In two years, we will have established community gardens.
Do is used:
for emphasis:
He did look tired.
to make questions:
Do you want a coffee?
to form negative statements or questions:
I don’t like meat.
Didn’t he know how to play football?
Preposition
A preposition is a word such as after, in, to, on, and with. Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns
and they show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. They describe, for example,
the position of something, the time when something happens, or the way in which something is done.
Adjective
An adjective is a word that describes a noun, giving extra information about it. For example:
an exciting adventure
a green apple
a tidy room
Adverb
An adverb is a word that’s used to give information about a verb, adjective, or other adverb. They can make the
meaning of a verb, adjective, or other adverb stronger or weaker, and often appear between the subject and its verb
(She nearly lost everything.)
Connectors
Connectors or linkers can help you join two or more ideas (sentences), allowing you to have a more structured and
harmonious delivery. Instead of using single sentences, you can connect them in a logical way.
