Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Information and Communication Technology

Computer System Servicing
Grade 10

Configure Your BIOS Images credit to: https://www.drivereasy.com/knowledge/how-to-enter-bios-on-windows-10-windows-7/

http://clipart-library.com/clipart/740330.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test#
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS
Re-designed by: ABIGAIL CORAZON E. GARROTE
LEONIE B. PALLONES

Quarter 1 Week 6 Module 6

Common Competencies: Installing and Configuring Computer Systems
Learning Objective: Configuring Your BIOS
TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28

0
HOW DO YOU USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer keycard.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction-This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities- These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

LESSON 1: POWER ON SELF-TEST (POST) /

BEEP CODES
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 EXPECTATIONS:

• Explain the importance of Power On Self-Test (POST);

• Inspect Power On Self-Test (POST) activity of the computer; and
• Recognize beep codes during Power On Self-Test (POST).

Photo’s credit to: https://www.pngfuel.com/free-

png/rgoyl/download

PRE – TEST

Direction: Read and answer carefully. Encircle the BEST answer from the given
choices.

1. It instructs the computer on how to perform basic functions such as booting,

identifying and configuring hardware components.
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

2. It checks a computer's internal hardware for compatibility and connection before

starting the boot process.
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

3. It is the audio signal given out by a computer to announce the result of a short
diagnostic testing sequence.
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

4. It holds the configuration parameters.

A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

5. The following are keys to enter the BIOS Set up except one.
A. F2 B. F5 C. F8 D. F10

6. Using the IBM beep codes, if the computer passes the POST, what kind of beep does
it produce?
A. 1 short beep C. continuous beep
B. 2 short beep D. repeating short beep

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7. Which component has an error if there is 1 long and 1short beep using IBM beep
codes?
A. adapter C. motherboard
B. hard disk D. video card

8. If you need to configure the date and time of your computer, which tab will you click
in BIOS Utility Set-up?
A. Advanced B. Boot C. Main D. Security
9. In which tab from BIOS set-up utility does configuration information for the CPU,
memory, and other information can be seen?

A. Advanced B. Boot C. Main D. Security

10. It is known as the software that is embedded in a piece of hardware to keep it

compatible with the new media.

A. courseware C. malware
B. firmware D. virtual ware

Online Links of the PRE-TEST: https://forms.gle/1n9JKK3MoyLqkEb97

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

I. Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.
________ 1. In computer hardware servicing, one should use a handheld device that
aids in accomplishing a task. Which of the following is pertaining to?
A. Equipment B. Hand tools C. Materials D. Tools

________ 2. To protect yourself in performing activity in computer system servicing,

you should use ESD to prevent damage to computer components. Which ESD is being
described?
A. Anti-static mat B. Place mat C. Strap D. Wrist strap

________ 3. Christopher used a tool to protect himself while performing system

servicing that will help him to prevent static electricity from building up. What do you
think is the tool that he used?

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A. Anti-static mat B. Place mat C. Strap D. Wrist strap
________ 4. In retrieving parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit, which
tool is best to used?
A. Combination Pliers B. Part Retriever C. Tongs D. Tweezers

________ 5. In cleaning different computer components without scratching, which tool

should be used?
A. lint-free cloth B. paper towel C. soft brush D. soft cloth

________ 6. In loosening or tightening cross-head screws, which tool should be used?

A. Flat head screwdriver C. Philips head screwdriver
B. Hex driver D. Torx screw driver

________ 7. Claire needs to unscrew the negative slotted screws, what tool should she
used?
A. Flat head screwdriver C. Philips head screwdriver
B. Hex driver D. Torx screw driver

_______ 8. Laptop computer have a star-like depression screw, which tool should be
used to loosen or tighten screws that is mainly found on laptop?
A. Flat head screwdriver C. Philips head screwdriver
B. Hex driver D. Torx screw driver

_______ 9. In removing the insulator of the wire, which the tool should be used?
A. Needle-nose pliers C. Utility Knife
B. Side cutting pliers D. Wire stripper

_______ 10. It is used to tie up any loose cables lying around in your case which not
only makes your finished build look neater, but promotes better airflow within your case.
A. Cable Ties B. Plastic straw C. Rope D. Yarn

4
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The information that you see in the desktop monitor is

the result of the Power On Self-Test (POST) upon opening the
computer.

Photo’s credit to: https://www.pngfuel.com/free-

png/rgoyl/download

Power On Self-Test (POST) - is a process performed by firmware or software routines

immediately after a computer is powered on. The POST process may also set the initial
state of the device from firmware. The POST routines are part of a device's pre-boot
sequence; if they complete successfully, the bootstrap loader code is invoked to load
an operating system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

Programs stored on ROM chips are known as firmware

Programs stored on erasable media are called software

https://s.docworkspace.com/d/AMh3Mzqm_N4-6ozTmpCnFA?

Firmware is software that's embedded in a piece of hardware. It is simply as

"software for hardware." https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-firmware-2625881

Power On Self-Test (POST) checks computer hardware, like Random Access

Memory(RAM), hard drive, CD-ROM drive, keyboard, etc., to make sure all are working
correctly. If all hardware pasts the POST, the computer will continue the boot up process
and may generate a single beep sound as well. If POST is unsuccessful, it generates
a beep code to indicate the error encountered and the computer will not boot up. All POST
errors are relating to hardware issues with one of the components in the computer.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/post.htm

Computer POST and Beep Codes

Note: Beep codes may vary depending on manufacturer’s BIOS chip that is used by
the motherboard.

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 AMI BIOS Beep Codes (American Megatrends, Inc.)

BEEP CODE DESCRIPTIONS

1 short DRAM refresh failure.
2 short Parity circuit failure.
3 short Base 64 K RAM failure.
4 short System timer failure.
5 short Process failure.
6 short Keyboard controller Gate A20 error.
7 short Virtual mode exception error.
8 short Display memory Read/Write test
failure.
9 short ROM BIOS checksum failure.
10 short How to replace the CMOS battery.
11 short Cache memory error.
1 long, 3 short Conventional/Extended memory
failure.
1 long, 8 short Display/Retrace test failed.
Two-tone siren Low CPU fan speed, voltage level
issue.
AWARD BIOS Beep Codes

BEEP CODE DESCRIPTION

1 long, 2 short Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot
initialize the video screen to display any additional
information.
1 long, 3 short Video card not detected or bad video card.
Beeps repeating endlessly. RAM problem.
Repeated high frequency
Overheating processor (CPU).
beeps while PC is running.
Repeated beeps alternating
Issue with the processor (CPU), possibly damaged.
high & low frequency.

DELL Beep Codes

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 BEEP CODE DESCRIPTION

1 beep BIOS ROM corruption or failure.

2 beeps Memory (RAM) not detected.
3 beeps Motherboard failure.
4 beeps Memory (RAM) failure.
5 beeps CMOS battery failure.
6 beeps Video card failure.
7 beeps Bad processor (CPU).
IBM BIOS Beep Codes

PHOENIX BIOS Beep Codes (selected only)

BEEP CODE DESCRIPTION

No beeps Why won't my computer turn on?
1 short beep Normal POST, computer is ok.
2 short beep POST error, review screen for error code.
Continuous beep No power, loose card, or short.
Repeating short beep No power, loose card, or short.
1 long and 1 short beep Motherboard issue.
1 long and 2 short beeps Video (Mono/CGA display circuitry) issue.
1 long and 3 short beeps. Video (EGA) display circuitry.
3 long beeps Keyboard or keyboard card error.
1 beep, blank or incorrect display. Video display circuitry.

BEEP CODE DESCRIPTION and WHAT TO CHECK

1-1-1-1 Unconfirmed beep code, replace RAM chips as possible
solution.
1-1-1-3 Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3 Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.

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1-1-3-2 Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3 Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-4-1 Initialize cache to initial POST values.
1-1-4-3 Initialize I/O.
1-2-1-1 Initialize power management.
1-2-1-2 Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
1-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1 Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-1 8254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3 8237 DMA controller initialization.
1-2-4-1 Reset programmable interrupt controller.
1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3 Test 8742 keyboard controller.
1-3-2-1 Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3 Clear 512 K base RAM.
1-3-4-1 Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3 Test 512 K base memory
1-4-1-3 Test CPU bus clock frequency.
1-4-2-4 Reinitialize the chipset.
1-4-3-1 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2 Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3 Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1 Configure advanced chipset registers.
1-4-4-2 Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
2-1-1-1 Set initial CPU speed.
2-1-1-3 Initialize interrupt vectors.
2-1-2-1 Initialize BIOS interrupts.

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2-1-2-3 Check ROM Copyright notice.
2-1-2-4 Initialize manager for PCI options ROMs.
2-1-3-1 Check video configuration against CMOS.
2-1-3-2 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
2-1-3-3 Initialize all video adapters in system.
2-1-4-1 Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3 Display Copyright notice.
2-2-1-1 Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3 Test keyboard.
2-2-2-1 Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-3 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupts.
2-2-3-3 Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP.
2-2-4-1 Test RAM between 512 and 640 k.
2-3-1-1 Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3 Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-1 Jump to UserPatch1.
2-3-2-3 Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1 Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3 Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1 Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3 Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1 Display error messages.
2-4-1-3 Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1 Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3 Check for keyboard errors.
2-4-4-1 Set up hardware interrupts vectors.
3-1-1-1 Disable onboard I/O ports.
3-1-1-3 Detect and install external RS232 ports.

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3-1-2-1 Detect and install external parallel ports.
3-1-2-3 Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1 Initialize BIOS data area.
3-1-3-3 Initialize extended BIOS data area.
3-1-4-1 Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1 Initialize hard disk controller.
3-2-1-2 Initialize local bus hard disk controller.
3-2-3-1 Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3 Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1 Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3 Enable hardware interrupts.
3-3-1-1 Set time of day.
3-3-1-3 Check key lock.
3-3-3-3 Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1 Enter CMOS setup.
3-3-4-3 Clear in POST flag.
3-4-1-1 Check for errors
3-4-1-3 POST done, prepare to boot operating system.

3-4-2-3 Check password (optional).

3-4-3-1 Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-3 Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4 Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1 Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1 Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3 Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1 Pending interrupt error.
4-2-2-3 Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1 Shutdown error.

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 4-2-3-3 Extended block move.
4-2-4-1 Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3 Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4 Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1 Check for forced flash.
4-3-2-2 Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3 BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4 Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1 Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2 Initialize interrupt controller.
4-3-3-3 Read in bootstrap code.
4-3-3-4 Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1 Boot the flash program.
4-3-4-2 Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3 Boot code was read / OK.
Two-tone siren Low CPU fan speed, voltage level issue.
https://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm

POST Troubleshooting Steps

Remove new hardware
If any new hardware was recently added to the
computer, remove that hardware to make sure it is not causing
your issue. If your computer works after removing the new
hardware, it can mean a few things. Either the new hardware
is not compatible with your computer, a system setting needs
to be changed, or the new hardware is defective.

Remove any disks or USB devices

Remove any disks, CDs, or DVDs that are in the computer.

If any USB devices (iPods, drives, phones, etc.) are connected,

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disconnect all of them as well. Reboot the computer and see if anything changes.

Disconnect external devices

Remove everything from the back of the computer, except the power cable. Turn
on the computer and see if it beeps normally. If the computer has never beeped, keep
the monitor or display connected to see if any change occurs.

Reconnect and check power cords

If the computer is not getting enough power or the power is getting interrupted,
the computer can encounter problems. Disconnect your power cables from any power
strip or UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and connect the computer directly to a
known good wall outlet.

Identify beep code

If you are receiving a sequence of beeps, you can also check your motherboard
or computer documentation for information on the beep codes. These beep codes are
meant to help identify which computer component is failing or bad. If your beep code is
not listed, continue troubleshooting.

Check all fans

Make sure all fans are running on the computer. If a fan has failed (especially
the heat sink fan for the CPU), your computer could be overheating or detecting the fan
failure, causing the computer not to boot.

Check all cables

Verify all the cables are securely connected to the computer and that there are no
loose cables by firmly pressing in each cable.
• All disk drives should have a data cable and power cable connected to them.

• Your power supply should have at least one cable going to the motherboard.

Many motherboards may also have additional cables connected to them to

supply power to the fans.
Disconnect all expansion cards
If the above recommendations still have not resolved the irregular POST,
disconnect the riser board (if applicable) and each of the expansion cards. If this fixes
the problem or allows the computer to POST, connect one card at a time until you
determine which card is causing the problem.

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Disconnect all drives
If you do not hear a beep code, power off the computer. Then, disconnect
any IDE, SATA, SCSI, or other data cables from the motherboard. When they are
disconnected, try booting the computer again.
If this resolves your irregular POST or generates error messages, reconnect
each device until you determine which device or cable is causing the issue. In some
situations, it can also be a loose cable connection that causes the issue.

Remove the RAM

If you continue to experience the same problem with all the above hardware
removed, remove the RAM from the motherboard and turn on the computer. Make sure
to turn off the computer before adding and removing the memory and then turning it
back on to see if the suggestion resolves the issue.
1. Re-insert the memory into the same slot.
2. If you have more than one stick of memory, try to stick them in each slot .
If you can get the computer to boot with one or more of the sticks of memory
installed, you are likely dealing with some bad memory. Try to identify which
stick of memory is bad and replace it.

Power Cycle the Computer

In some situations, a computer may have power related issues often caused by
either the power supply or the motherboard. To help determine if this is the issue, try
turning the computer on, off, and back on as fast as possible, making sure the computer
power light goes on and off. In some situations, you may be able to temporarily get the
computer to boot.
Warning:
Try this method only as a temporary workaround or as a last resort to get any
valuable information from the computer.

Disconnect and reconnect the CPU

For users who're more comfortable working inside their computer, reseat
the CPU by removing it and re-inserting it into the socket. You should also apply a fresh
layer of thermal compound between the CPU and the heat sink.
Loose BIOS chip

13
 Loose over time due to heat expansion causes the computer to give an irregular
POST. Gently press down on the BIOS chip to make sure it has not become loose.
Bad motherboard, CPU, RAM, or power supply
If, after trying all of the above recommendations you still have an issue, you likely
have a bad motherboard, power supply, CPU, or RAM stick.
Note:
If you plan to repair it by yourself, replace or swap in parts from another
computer that is known to work. Replace the motherboard first, then the RAM,
the CPU, and finally, the power supply.
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000607.htm

ACTIVITY
SCHOOL ACTIVITY / HOME ACTIVITY
Direction: With the supervision of the teacher and parent-teacher at home, the students
will do the inspection of the Power On Self-Test (POST) of the computer units and then,
record the activity conducted using the form provided.

NAME: ___________________________ DATE CONDUCTED: ___________

POWER ON SELF-TEST (POST) ACTIVITY FORM

ISSUES / PROBLEM RECOMMENDATION ACTION TAKEN

POST RESULT ENCOUNTERED

Checked by:
ABIGAIL CORAZON E. GARROTE
G10- ICT-Teacher
Computer Laboratory In-Charge
Reviewed by:
MICHAEL DG. OMBAO
Master Teacher II
ICT-Coordinator

14
 Approved by:
PERLITO N. MALAYA
REMEMBER Head, TLE-Voc. Dept.
ICT-Coordinator

POST has an important role that determines the condition of

both hardware and software components of the computer. With the
help of the beep codes we easily determine which components are
needed to be fix and give some attention.
Photo’s credit to
http://clipart-library.com

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Read and answer carefully. Encircle the BEST answer from the given
choices.
1. Which of the following beep tells that the Video card is not detected during the
POST using the AWARD BIOS?
A. Beeps repeating endlessly C. 1 Long, 3 Short beeps
B. 1 Long, 2 Short beeps D. Repeated high frequency beeps

2. How many beeps produced when memory card is not detected using Dell BIOS?
A. One (1) B. Two (2) C. Three (3) D. Four (4)

3. Which of the following is the error presented if you hear a two-tone siren beep in
Phoenix BIOS?
A. CMOS error C. ROM error
B. CPU low voltage D. Unconfirmed beep code

4. In adding new hardware to your computer, which is best needed to ensure?

A. Brand C. Compatibility
B. Capacity D. Speed

5. After doing all the trouble shooting of POST, still error occurs. In that case, what
should be the first and best thing you should do if you have the knowledge with that
activity?
A. bring the computer to the shop
B. clean the computer

15
 C. perform the swapping of components from the working ones
D. replace the whole computer

LESSON 2 - BIOS CONFIGURATION

EXPECTATIONS

• Discuss how to configure the BIOS;

• Perform BIOS configuration based on the given procedures; and
• Carry out work in accordance with hardware requirements.

Photo’s credit to: https://www.pngfuel.com/free-

png/rgoyl/download

LOOKING BACK TO YOU LESSON

I. Direction: Fill in the Power On Self-test (POST) form with the needed data.

POWER ON SELF-TEST (POST) ACTIVITY FORM

PROBLEM SOLUTION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is a ROM chip found

on motherboards that allows you to access and set up your
computer system.

Photo’s credit to: https://www.pngfuel.com/free-

png/rgoyl/download
16
 Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) also known as ROM BIOS, System BIOS, or
PC BIOS works in close proximity with the Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
(CMOS).
When you start the computer, the BIOS initializes the booting of the hardware
and it is the foundation which provides runtime services to all the programs and software
that is use in computer. It is preinstalled in the motherboard, and it is the first thing that
runs when you switch on the computer.

When you start the computer, you initiate the booting of BIOS and its first task is
to govern and to check if all the requirements are in working condition then it will
proceeds with the loading of the Operating System (OS).
https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/

The first BIOS was developed by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. which
included in the Control Program/Monitor (CP/M), later known as Control Program for
Microcomputers. It is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/85-
based microcomputers. Kildall coined the term "BIOS" to describe a part of a machine
that loads at boot up and communicates with other hardware in the machine.

What is included in BIOS?

The BIOS includes instructions on how to load basic computer hardware. It also
includes a test referred to as a POST (Power-On Self-Test) that helps verify the
computer meets requirements to boot up properly. If the computer does not pass the
POST, you will receive a combination of beeps indicating what is malfunctioning in the
computer.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M

With the advancement of technology, BIOS is now stored in the flash memory of
the computer, and therefore you can rewrite it if required without going through the
hassle of removing the chip. You can conveniently fix the bugs or add more advanced
features, without impacting the motherboard.

Since technology advances every day, in today’s time, the necessity of BIOS is
sometimes only required to the starting of the computer as some of the OS do not use
it after loading; instead, they contact the hardware constituents directly.
https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/

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Functions of BIOS
The principal purpose of BIOS is to lever the setup of the system enabling the
loading of drivers, and booting of the Operating System (OS).

The Primary Functions of BIOS

1. Configuring System Hardware
The primary task of BIOS is to organize all the hardware of the system. These
drivers are the major responsible for setting up and preparing the memory of the system.
It also designs the other devices required for using the computer like the hard disk,
optical drives, music card, graphics card, and video card. It is the BIOS which load the
underlying system to enable the computer to read the various devices in it which also
contains the operating systems that is use for carrying out your numerous activities on
personal computer.

2. System Boot
When you switch on the power button on your computer, you must have noticed
a splash screen, and this is when BIOS is loading the initial Complementary Metal-
Oxide Semiconductor, i.e. the CMOS, as during this phase the BIOS not only initialize
the CMOS but also the hard disks of the system. It starts the booting process of the
operating system after ensuring that all the drivers are not only loaded but also
configured appropriately for usage.

3. CMOS and Battery Backup.

Both the CMOS and the BIOS work together. When you start your computer, and
it boosts, it is the mechanism on the BIOS chip which reads the data from the CMOS
chip. Along with the BIOS, the CMOS is a substantial part in your computer’s
motherboard. CMOS is a retention chip where all the computer’s mechanisms and their
related setting are configured and is initiated when you start the computer.
In case the battery of the computer runs out of power and switches off, the CMOS
will reset and will lose all the personalized settings that you have done in the last
session. To add on to it, if the CMOS drops power, the inbuilt clock in the system will
also reset. It is because the BIOS and CMOS setup configure the system’s crucial
information like the password, date, and time. In case the CMOS does not get power,
it relapses and gets back to the original factory configuration. In fact, for any settings

18
issue, to activate the CMOS, the standard practice is to take the battery out from your
system and then place it back at the desired place again.

4. Bootstrap Loader

A bootstrap is a function which exists in the Random Operating Memory of the

computer. When you turn on the machine, it loads automatically. It goes through the
hard disk’s boot division and continues the procedure of charging the operating system.
When you first start the computer or restart it, the first task that the bootstrap
loader performs is self-testing, which is also commonly known as Power on Self-Test
(POST). If the POST is fruitful and there are no issues found, the bootstrap loader will
then proceed to load the operating system for the computer into memory. This entire
process enables the computer to swiftly contact the operating system, load it, and run it
for your enhanced experience.
Once the bootstrap loader performs this entire function of locating the operating
system, BIOS passes on the control.

5. BIOS Drivers
BIOS theoretically refers to the complete set of device drivers in your system
which provides a connection between the hardware and the software of the computer.
The existence of a system depends on the presence of BIOS in it.
https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/

Four Main Functions of a PC BIOS

• POST - Test the computer hardware and make sure no errors exist before

loading the operating system.

• Bootstrap Loader - Locate the operating system. If a capable operating system

is located, the BIOS will pass and have control into it.

• BIOS drivers - Low-level drivers that give the computer basic operational control

over your computer's hardware.

• BIOS setup or CMOS setup - Configuration program that allows you to

configure hardware settings including system settings such as computer

passwords, time, and date.

19
Can a BIOS chip be upgraded or updated?
Adding additional memory to a BIOS chip, as an upgrade, can only be done by
physically removing it from the motherboard and replacing it with a new, more advanced
BIOS chip.
The data on a BIOS chip can be updated if it is flash BIOS. Using specially
designed software, the BIOS can be updated to fix problems or add new features for
the motherboard.

What BIOS is on my computer?

To determine the type of version of BIOS on your computer, you need to access
the BIOS setup. On the main BIOS screen, it should display the BIOS type, like AMI,
Award, or Phoenix. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm

https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/
https://archive.techarp.com/showarticlea
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ROCKY-518HV_- 1e9.html?artno=97&pgno=12
_Atmel_AT29C010A_with_Award_BIOS-2381.jpg

How to Enter the BIOS or CMOS

Setup
Computers manufactured in the last few years allow you to enter the BIOS setup
using one of the five keys shown below during the boot process.
• F1 * If pressing F2 opens a diagnostics tool,
• F2 * your setup key is likely F10
• F10 **
** F10 is also used for the boot menu.
• Del
If F10 opens a boot menu, your setup key is likely F2.
• Esc

Note:
The details for your computer may be unique. If you're not sure, consult the
owner's manual / manufacturer’s for your computer or for your motherboard if the
computer is custom-built.

Press <F2> to enter BIOS setup

20
How to change and save changes in CMOS setup
Once in CMOS setup, the method for changing the settings often depends on
the BIOS manufacturer. You may use the arrow keys along with the Enter key to select
categories and change their values. Some manufacturers may have you press the Page
up and Page down keys to change the values.
Tips:
All manufacturers show which keys navigate on the bottom or right side of the
screen.

Change the values to a setting you want to use

If you're trying to change the clock, speed, or other settings and don't have the
option available, it's because the motherboard doesn't support it. If you believe it should
be supported, you may need a BIOS update.
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000192.htm

Note:
BIOS update should only be done if the readme file or the manufactures
website indicates the BIOS update fixes your problem.
Installed new memory, hard drive, or other hardware

If you installed additional memory, a new hard drive, or other

new hardware into your computer, you do not need to update the BIOS. Most
hardware can be installed in a computer without requiring a BIOS update.
However, if after installing new hardware, your computer is not working
correctly, first make sure the new hardware is compatible with your computer. If the
new hardware is compatible, then a BIOS update may be required for the new hardware
to work correctly.

BIOS Update Precautions and Suggestions

BIOS updates can be a costly mistake if all the proper information and steps are
not known by the user before proceeding. Updating the BIOS improperly or with the
wrong BIOS may cause your system to not boot. The steps below are steps that should
be taken before upgrading your computer BIOS.
1. Only obtain the BIOS update from the computer manufacturer or motherboard
manufacturer.

21
 Note: Most original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)’s (e.g., Dell, HP,
and Toshiba) do not recommend updating the BIOS from the motherboard
manufacturer and only use their BIOS updates.
2. Do not shut off or reboot the computer until the BIOS instructs you to do so.
3. Verify that the BIOS you were instructed to use or the one that
you're downloading resolves a problem you have. Remember that BIOS
updates only fix hardware issues and not software issues unless that
software is directly related to the hardware.
4. Verify the BIOS version and make sure that the BIOS update you plan on using
is the next version, unless otherwise instructed by the motherboard
manufacturer.
5. Some BIOS updates only work with a specific type of processor. Therefore it is
also a good idea to know what type of processor your computer has.
6. Verify that the computer was scanned for viruses. A virus can cause a BIOS
update to abort or fail.
7. If you are updating a laptop BIOS, make sure the AC adapter is connected.
8. Only do a BIOS update in a stable environment. If it's storming outside, and the
power goes out during the update on a computer without a battery backup
or Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), data loss or file system corruption may
result.
9. Finally, when upgrading BIOS, read all disclaimers and other instructions
included with the download. Many computer manufacturers void warranties if a
user does the update without the assistance of a technician or company
representative. If the BIOS cause any difficulty with the computer, you may be
held responsible.

Tips: If changes you made appear to revert to default settings or the date and time
setting in the BIOS keeps falling behind, you may need to replace the CMOS battery.

There are several reasons the CMOS battery needs to be replaced in your
computer.

Reasons to Replace CMOS Battery

CMOS battery is needed to replace because the computer is losing its time and
date settings.

22
 An error or alert message like the following is displayed when CMOS was
already expired and the computer boots.
CMOS Read Error
CMOS Checksum Error
CMOS Battery Failure
System battery voltage is low
If any of the issues or messages above is encountered, you likely need to replace
the CMOS battery.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html#50634772_85156

The CMOS memory holds the configuration parameters, such as which disk to boot
from. CMOS is used because it draws so little power that the original factory installed
battery often lasts several years. However, when it begins to fails computer can appear
to have disease, forgetting things that it has known for years, like which hard disk to
boot from.
https://www.electricveda.com/batteries/cmos-battery-and-its-usage#

Locate your CMOS Battery

Caution:
When inside your computer, make sure you are aware
of ESD and its dangers.

Open the computer case and find the battery on

the motherboard. Verify if it is accessible and can be removed.
Today, most computers use a coin cell CMOS battery, like the CR2032 battery.

Tips:
Some CMOS batteries may be held down by a metal clip or bar. The battery can
be removed by sliding it out from under the clip. Do not bend this clip to get the battery
out, as a bent clip can result in the new battery not staying in the socket.
If you cannot locate the CMOS battery, refer to the motherboard documentation or
contact the computer manufacturer. If you no longer have the documentation for the
motherboard, it's likely you can find it online.
Note:
In some computers, you may need to disconnect cables, remove drives, or
remove other parts of the computer to get full access to the CMOS battery.

23
 Once you have located the battery, obtain battery information. It is recommended
to write down its specifications (voltage, chemistry, and wiring).

Tips:
Use your fingers to grab the edge of the battery and
pull it up and out of the socket holding it in place. Some
motherboards have a clip holding the battery down. If your
computer's motherboard has this clip, you may need to use
one hand to move the clip up and the other hand to pull the
https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/
battery out.

Caution:
Make sure you are aware of ESD and all its potential dangers.
Unfortunately, not all CMOS batteries are removable. Some manufacturers only
allow a replacement battery to be added. If your computer does not have a coin cell
battery, refer to your documentation or contact your computer manufacturer for further
assistance.
If your computer's motherboard does not have a removable battery, you need to
set a jumper on the motherboard to install the new battery.

Enter CMOS values

Once the battery has been replaced, turn on the computer and reset the CMOS
values to the defaults. After the values have all been entered, make sure to save the
settings before exiting. Many CMOS setups allow you to press a key, such as F10, to
save values and exit with one action.
How to Reset CMOS or BIOS settings
If you continue to receive the error after following all the steps above, this is a
sign of a more serious issue. The most likely causes are a bad power supply or
bad motherboard. You may need to look into replacing the power supply or the
motherboard to resolve the issue.
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000192.htm

Using BIOS Setup Utility Menu Items

1. Switch on the System Unit
2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing the
power-on self-test (POST)

24
Press F2 to Run Setup Prompt - FIGURE 1

When BIOS is started, the main BIOS Setup utility top-level screen appears. This
screen provides seven menu options across the top of the screen.
FIGURE 2 BIOS Setup Utility - Main Screen

3. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options.
As you select each menu option, the top-level screen for that menu option appears.

4. Select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys options
presented are presented as you move.
Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and down
arrow keys.
• If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions for modifying

the option appear in the right column of the screen.

• If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to access

the sub screen appear in the right column.

5. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the
screen.
Some screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted changes
to be retracted.
6. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be
modified, press the Esc key to exit the screen.
7. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6.
Otherwise, go to Step 8.
8. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.

25
 9. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your changes
and exit the BIOS Setup utility.

Screen Description
Main General product information, including BIOS type, processor, memory,
and time/date.
Advanced Configuration information for the CPU, memory, IDE, Super IO, trusted
computing, USB, PCI, MPS and other information.
PCI Configure the server to clear NVRAM during system boot.
Boot Configure the boot device priority (storage drives and the DVD-ROM
drive).
Security Set or change the user and supervisor passwords.
Chipset View the configuration of server chipsets.
Exit Save changes and exit, discard changes and exit, discard changes, or
load optimal or fail-safe defaults.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html#50634772_85156

COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES

A. School / Home Activity

Direction: Perform the following with the supervision of the teacher and the teacher-
parent at home.

PROCEDURE:
1. BIOS Configuration
1.1 Open the BIOS SETUP UTILITY using the preferred keys based on the
manufacturer’s guide.
1.2 Inspect the System Overview in the “Main” Tab of the BIOS UTILITY
SETUP
1.3 Check the System Time and Date indicated. If date and time indicated is
Outdated, change it with the correct values.
1.4 Record the Content of the System Overview in the “Main Tab” into your
notebook.
1.5 Save and Exit the BIOS UTILITY SETUP.

2. Checking of the System Date and Time as the computer open.

2.1 Check the System Date and Time if it is Up to date / Accurate

26
 Updated – END of the activity.
Outdated – PROCEED to the next procedure. “No. 3 Activity”
3. Remove and Replace the “CMOS Battery”
3.1 Follow the correct procedure in removing and replacing of the “CMOS Battery”
based on the motherboard manufacturer’s guide.
4. Repeat the procedure (1 & 2) after the replacement of the “CMOS Battery”.

Note:
The screen window of the BIOS UTILITY SETUP is based on the BIOS installed
into the mother of your computer.

REMEMBER

BIOS Configuration is vital in the operation of computers.

BIOS and CMOS work together to function both hardware and
software components of the computer.
Photo’s credit to
http://clipart-library.com

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Answer the following questions correctly.

1. Which should come first, the POST or the BIOS? Why?
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

2. How important is the BIOS Configuration into computer?

_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.

27
 POST – TEST

Direction: Read and answer carefully. Encircle the BEST answer from the given
choices.
1. To instruct the computer on how to perform basic functions such as booting,
identifying and configuring a hardware component, which is needed to set-up?
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

2. The computer's internal hardware is being checked for compatibility and connection
before starting the boot process. Which process is being described based on the
statement?
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

3. Computer produces audio signal to announce the result of a short diagnostic testing
sequence. Which of the following is pertaining to the audio signal?
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

4. Computers are being configured to set the various switches and define values of
parameters. Which of the following can hold the configuration parameters?
A. BEEP CODES B. BIOS C. CMOS D. POST

5. The following are keys than can be used to enter the BIOS Set up except one.
A. F1 B. F2 C. F5 D. F12

6. The computer uses IBM BIOS chip. During the initial process, the beep produced
which tells that the computer passed with the POST conducted, what do you think is
the kind of beep does it produce?
A. 1 short beep B. 2 short beep C. continuous beep D. repeating short beep
7. If 1 long and 1 short beep signal sounds produced after the POST using IBM ROM
chip, which is the component that has an error?
A. adapter B. hard disk C. motherboard D. video card

8. To configure the date and time of your computer, which tab will you click in BIOS
Utility Set-up?
A. Advanced B. Boot C. Main D. Security

28
9. To see the configuration information of the CPU, memory, and other information
from BIOS set-up utility, which tab are you going to open?
A. Advanced B. Boot C. Main D. Security
10. Hardware has the program which is embedded into it. Which program is being
described? A. courseware B. firmware C. malware D. virtual ware

11. When video card is not detected during the POST using the AWARD BIOS, what
kind of beep will it produced?
A. Beeps repeating endlessly C. 1 Long, 3 Short beeps
B. 1 Long, 2 Short beeps D. Repeated high frequency beeps

12. The memory card is not detected during POST using Dell BIOS, how many beep
will it produce?
A. One (1) B. Two (2) C. Three (3) D. Four (4)

13. If you hear a two-tone siren beep in Phoenix BIOS, which of the following is the
error occur?
A. CMOS error B. CPU low voltage C. ROM error D. Unconfirmed beep code

14. If you want to add new hardware to your computer, which is the best thing that
needed to be considered first?
A. Brand B. Capacity C. Compatibility D. Speed

15. If you prefer to trouble shoot your own computer, which technique is best to
do to see the errors within the computer components?
A. bring the computer to the shop and ask about the error and then fix
B. clean the computer and borrow components to the shop
C. perform the swapping of components from the working ones in which you have
D. replace the whole computer components

Online Links of the Post-Test: https://forms.gle/wHm76bZ6u482zmaX9

29
 KEY ANSWERS:
PRE-TEST
1. B – BIOS 6. A – 1 short beep
2. D – POST 7. C - Motherboard
3. A – BEEP CODES 8. C – Main
4. C – CMOS 9. A – Advanced
5. B – F5 10. B – Firmware

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON (PART 1)

1. B - Hand tools 6. C - Philips head screwdriver
2. A - Anti-static mat 7. A - Flat head screwdriver
3. D - Wrist strap 8. D - Torx screw driver
4. B – Part Retriever 9. D - Wire stripper
5. A - lint-free cloth 10. A - Cable Ties

ACTIVITY (PART 1)
A. School Activity
B. Home Activity
} Through the use of Performance Rubrics

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING (PART 1) LOOKING BACK TO YOUR

LESSON (PART 2)
1. C – 1 Long, 3 Short beeps
2. B – Two (2)
3. B - CPU low voltage Through the Use of

4. C - Compatibility Criteria Rubrics

5. C - perform the swapping of components

from the working ones

ACTIVITY (PART 2) CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

(PART 2)
Through the use of Performance Rubrics
Through the use of Criteria Rubrics

30
POST-TEST
1. B – BIOS 9. A – Advanced
2. D – POST 10. B – Firmware
3. A – BEEP CODES 11. C – 1 Long, 3 Short beeps
4. C – CMOS 12. B – Two (2)
5. C – F5 13. B - CPU low voltage
6. A – 1 short beep 14. C - Compatibility
7. C - Motherboard 15.
C - perform the swapping of
8. C – Main components from the working ones
PERFORMANCE RUBRICS
For LESSON 1 & LESSON 2 – ACTIVITIES
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
The student/s The student/s The student/s The The student/s
are able to are able to are able to student/s are are able to
understand and understand understand able to perform the
perform the and perform and perform perform the activity with
ACCURACY activity correctly the activity but the activity activity but repetition
commits one but commits commits
(1) error during two (2) errors more than
the process during the two (2) errors
process
The student/s The student/s The student/s The The student/s
are able to are able to are able to student/s are are able to
ADHERANCE understand and understand understand able to adhere to the
TO follow the and follow the and follow the understand procedure
PROCEDURE procedures procedures procedures and follow with total
correctly with correctly but with slight the guidance
enthusiastic hardship procedures
with
confusion
The student/s The students The students The students The students
are able to are able to are able to are able to are given
finished the finished the finished the finished the additional time
activity before activity within activity which activity which just to finished
SPEED the allotted time the allotted exceeds for exceeds for the activity
time five (5) ten (10)
minutes from minutes from
the given the given
allotted time allotted time

Scoring Legend:
15 pts.= 100% 12 pts.=94% 9 pts.=88% 6 pts.= 82% 3 pts. = 76%
14 pts.= 98% 11 pts.=92% 8 pts.=86% 5 pts.= 80% 2 pts. = 74%
13 pts.= 96% 10 pts.=90% 7 pts.=84% 4 pts. = 78% 1 pts. = 72%

31
 CRITERIA RUBRICS FOR
LESSON 2 – LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON (PART 2)
– CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING (PART 2)

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
The students The students The students The students The students
Quality are able to are able to are able to are able to are able to
of Answer understand understand and understand understand answer
with Correct and answer answer the and answer and answer questions but
Usage of the questions the questions the questions has a difficulty
Grammar questions correctly slightly correct slightly correct in constructing
correctly and with a minimal ideas
clearly error in usage
explained grammar
The students The students The students The students The students
Ideas and are able to are able to are able to are able to have the
Explanation explain and explain his/her explain his/her explain his/her hardship to
expand ideas ideas slightly idea explain his/her
his/her ideas thoroughly idea
extremely

Scoring Legend:
10 pts.= 90% 7 pts.=84% 4 pts.=78% 1 pt.=72%
9 pts.= 88% 6 pts.=82% 3 pts.=76% 0 pt.=70%
8 pts.= 86% 5 pts.=80% 2 pts.=74%

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/post.htm
https://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000607.htm
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-firmware-2625881
https://eiratek.com/what-is-bios-in-computer/
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ROCKY-518HV_ _Atmel_AT29C010A
_with_Award_BIOS-2381.jpg
https://archive.techarp.com/showarticlea1e9.html?artno=97&pgno=12
https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/OEM.html#
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html#50634772_85156
https://www.electricveda.com/batteries/cmos-battery-and-its-usage#
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19477-01/820-5830-13/app_bios.html#50634772_85156

32
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Writers: ABIGAIL CORAZON E. GARROTE T2 RMHS

LEONIE B. PALLONES T3 RMHS

Editor: MICHAEL DG. OMBAO

PERLITO N. MALAYA

Reviewer: PERLITO N. MALAYA

ARIEL D. TOSIO
Education Program Supervisor, TLE-Vocational

AQUILINA TIAMA
Education Program Supervisor

Management Team: MARIA MAGDALENA M. LIM, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

AIDA H. RONDILLA
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

LUCKY S. CARPIO
Division EPS in Charge of LRMS
Division ADM Coordinator

LADY HANNAH C. GILLO

Librarian II-LRMS

33