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Common Plants Animals: Project Study OF

The document describes a case study of common plants and animals found in an urban area of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. It identifies and provides details on 3 common plants: Neem Tree, Aloe Vera, and Holy Basil. It also examines 4 common birds: Rock Dove and Parrot, 2 common insects: Mosquito and Cockroach, 2 common fish: Rohu and Catla, and 2 common mammals: Cat and Dog. For each species, it provides their scientific name, common name, taxonomic classification, physical description, and other key details. The conclusion discusses general characteristics and life cycles of common plants and animals.

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845 views

Common Plants Animals: Project Study OF

The document describes a case study of common plants and animals found in an urban area of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. It identifies and provides details on 3 common plants: Neem Tree, Aloe Vera, and Holy Basil. It also examines 4 common birds: Rock Dove and Parrot, 2 common insects: Mosquito and Cockroach, 2 common fish: Rohu and Catla, and 2 common mammals: Cat and Dog. For each species, it provides their scientific name, common name, taxonomic classification, physical description, and other key details. The conclusion discusses general characteristics and life cycles of common plants and animals.

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Göùräv Çhäkräbørtý
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1

PROJECT

STUDY
OF

COMMON PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
BSc. (Hons.) SEM - 2

NAME : SHREYA CHAKRABORTY


COLLEGE ROLL NO. : 71
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO :193031-11-0056
REGISTRATION NO. :031-1211-0443-19
DEPARTMENT : ECONOMICS
2

INTRODUCTION
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IDENTIFICATION
1. COMMON PLANTS
Plant Taxonomy is the Identification, Description, Classification and giving names to the
plants based on their Morphological and physiological characters. Morphological means
the characters which can be seen with naked eyes and physiological characters means the
genetic characters.  On the basis identified plants further research can be done to know
the diversity, whether are growing well or are going to extinct.

2. ANIMALS
A. BIRDS
SHAPE -  The bill (the bird’s beak) and legs are an important part of the shape and you
should pay special attention to these.
SIZE - Estimate the size of the bird. It is often helpful to compare it with other species
that you recognize alongside it.
COLOUR - The basic colour of the bird can be an important clue, so note the colour of
the upperparts (the back and wings), the lowerparts, the head and the tail. 
B. INSECTS
• Know the basic body forms of adult and immature insects.
• Know the basic body parts used as diagnostic characters.
C. FISH
Scientific identification of fishes is based mainly on external characters such as body
shape, length, depth, mouth and nature of fish spines, scales, etc. The best way to collect
fish for a scientific or taxonomic study is to catch them alive through a fishing net, trap or
any other device locally adopted except poisoning with toxic chemicals.

D.MAMMLES
Hair and Fur, Mammary glands, Single-boned lower jaws, One time tooth replacement.
.
3

1.2 STUDY AREA

DESCRIPTION – The case study has been done in gently


populated urban area. It include study on common plants
in different houses and common animals.

LOCATION - Sahara Garden City, Adityapur – 2,


Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
4

MAP -

1.3 COMMON PLANTS


1.3.1 MARGOSA TREE
5

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Azadirachta indica


COMMON NAME: Neem

Family: Meliaceae
Higher classification: Azadirachta
Rank: Species
Order: Sapindales
Kingdom: Planta
USES: Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach
upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular
disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver problems. The leaf is also used for
birth control and to cause abortions.

1.3.2 ALOE VERA


6

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Aloe Vera


COMMON NAME: Ghrit Kumari
Family: Asphodelaceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asparagales
Rank: Species
Higher classification: Aloes
USES: Heals burns. Due to its soothing, moisturizing, and cooling properties, aloe vera is
often used to treat burns. It improves digestive health.
7

1.3.3 HOLY BASIL

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ocimum tenuiflorum


COMMON NAME: Tulsi
Family: Lamiaceae
Order: Lamiales
Higher classification: Basil
Rank: Species
Kingdom: Plantae
USES: Tulsi may relieve symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, colds, congestion, coughs, flu,
sinusitis, sore throat, lowers Blood Pressure and reduces stress.
8

1.4 COMMON ANINALS


1.4.1 BIRDS

A. ROCK DOVE

* SCIENTIFIC NAME - Columba livia

* COMMON NAME – Rock dove or Pigeon

* LIFESPAN – 6 years ( In the wild)


* SCIENTIFIC NAME : Columba livia
* FAMILY – Columbidae

* MASS – 360g (Adult)


* CLASS – Aves
9

B. PARROT

* SCIENTIFIC NAME – Psittaciformes

* COMMON NAME – Parrot

* CLASS – Aves

* ORDER – Psittaciformes , Wagler

* KINGDOM – Animalia

* LIFESPAN – Kakapo–95 yrs, Hyacinth macaw-50yrs

* MASS -  Kakapo - 2 – 4 kg, Hyacinth macaw - 1.2 –


1.7 kg, Buff-faced pygmy parrot - 12 g
10

1.4 COMMON ANIMALS

1.4.2 INSECTS

A. MOSQUITO
* SIZE – 1/4” TO 3/8”
* SHAPE – Narrow, Oval

* COLOUR- Pale brown with whitish stripes

* SCIENTIFIC NAME – Culicidae

* ORDER – Diptera

* CLASS – Insecta

* FAMILY – Culicidae, Meigen

* LIFESPAN – Culex pipiens, 7 days

* CLUTCH SIZE – 100-200


11

B. COCKROACH

* SIZE- Imature roaches ( 2mm to 5mm)


Adult roaches ( 25 inches to 2 inches)
* SHAPE – Flat oval shaped
* COLOUR – Reddish brown , Black
* SCIENTIFIC NAME – Blattodea
* PHYLUM – Arthropoda
* ORDER – Blattodea
* KINGDOM – Animalia
* CLASS - Insecta
12

1.4.3 FISH

A. ROHU
* SCIENTIFIC NAME - Labeo rohita
* COMMON NAME – Rohu, Rui, or Roho labeo

* FAMILY –  Cyprinidae

* CLASS – Actinopterygii

* ORDER – Cypriniformes

* PHYLUM -  Chordata

* MASS –  25 kg (Adult) 


13

B. CATLA

* SCIENTIFIC NAME –  Catla catla

* COMMON NAME - Catla

* CLASS -  Actinopterygii

* HIGHER CLASSIFICATION – Catla

* PHYLUM –Chordata

* SUB FAMILY –  Labeoninae

* FOUND IN - Harike Wetland, Rawal Lake, Dipor Bil

1.4.4 MAMMLES
14

A. CAT

* SCIENTIFIC NAME –Felis catus


* FAMILY – Felidae

* PHYLUM –Chordata

* ORDER – Carnivora

* CLASS –Mammalia

* LIFE SPAN –2 – 16 years (In the wild)

* MASS –3.6 – 4.5 kg (Adult)

B. DOG
15

* SCIENTIFIC NAME – Canis lupus familiaris


* FAMILY –  Canidae
* ORDER –  Carnivora
* CLASS – Mammalia
* KINGDOM –  Animalia
* PHYLUM –  Chordata
* LIFESPAN –  10 – 13 years

CONCLUSION
16

# COMMON PLANTS – Each plant is characterized by one of the three life histories:
haploid (1n), diploid (2n), or the most common haploid-diploid. Within each of these three types,
there are also variations. Of the plants with haploid life cycles, most algae lack a dikaryotic
phase, while most fungi have a dikaryotic phase. Lastly, plants with a haploid-diploid life history
undergo an alternation of generations, either similar or dissimilar. In all of these life cycles,
asexual reproduction may occur, but it is sexual reproduction that is responsible for genetic
diversity.

# ANIMALS – Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Nearly all animals make


use of some form of sexual reproduction. They produce haploid gametes by meiosis; the smaller,
motile gametes are spermatozoa and the larger, non-motile gametes are ova. These fuse to
form zygotes, which develop via mitosis into a hollow sphere, called a blastula. It
first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber and two separate germ layers, an
external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. Repeated instances of mating with a close
relative during sexual reproduction generally leads to inbreeding depression within a population
due to the increased prevalence of harmful recessive traits.

Some animals are capable of asexual reproduction, which often results in a genetic clone of the
parent. This may take place through fragmentation; budding, such as in Hydra and
other cnidarians; or parthenogenesis, where fertile eggs are produced without mating, such as
in aphids.
17

BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES
 www.allaboutbirds.com
 Wikipedia

 Slideshare

 Quora

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