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Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

Experimental and Transient Thermal Analysis of Heat Sink Fin

for CPU processor for better performance
S.Ravikumar1,*, Parisaboina Subash Chandra2, Remella Harish2, Tallapaneni Sivaji2
1,*
Assistant Professor, 2 UG students of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama
University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Pin: 600 119.
1,*
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2
[email protected]

Abstract: The advancement of the digital computer and its utilization day by day is rapidly
increasing. But the reliability of electronic components is critically affected by the temperature
at which the junction operates. The designers are forced to shorten the overall system
dimensions, in extracting the heat and controlling the temperature which focus the studies of
electronic cooling. In this project Thermal analysis is carried out with a commercial package
provided by ANSYS. The geometric variables and design of heat sink for improving the
thermal performance is experimented. This project utilizes thermal analysis to identify a
cooling solution for a desktop computer, which uses a 5 W CPU. The design is able to cool the
chassis with heat sink joined to the CPU is adequate to cool the whole system. This work
considers the circular cylindrical pin fins and rectangular plate heat sink fins design with
aluminium base plate and the control of CPU heat sink processes.

Key words: Heat sink fin, CPU Processor, ANSYS, Transient Thermal Analysis

1. Introduction
In the present era, the trend to design electronic products becomes thinner, lighter, shorter, & smaller.
Due to the actuality that shrinking in the dimension of these electronic components will consequence
in a drastic increase in the heat generation rate when evaluating with previous products. For this
reason, an efficient cooling system to remove the high heat generation and consequently maintains the
reliability and stability of the products, have gained much attention. The heat sink component is the
most common heat exchanger for CPUs and has been extensively exercised in order to provide cooling
utility for electronic components. The conventional heat sink module utilized the natural as well as
forced convection cooling technique; dissipate heat from CPUs to the ambient air. The combination of
the heat sink and fan design usually involved in this forced convection cooling technique. Cheng-Hung
et al [1] developed a three-dimensional heat sink design to estimate the optimum design variables.
Temperature distributions are dignified by using thermal camera for the optimal heat sink modules and
results are compared with the numerical solutions to validate the design. C.J. Kobus et al [2]
investigate the effect of thermal radiation on the thermal performance of heat sink having pin fin array
by theoretical and experimental approach. Dong-Kwon Kim et al [3] compared the thermal
performances of two types of heat sinks i.e. plate-fin and pin-fin and used a volume averaging
approach based model for envisaging the pressure drop and the thermal resistance. Emrana et al [4]
performed a three-dimensional numerical simulation is in order to investigate the flow dynamics and
heat transfer characteristics in a micro channel heat sink. Goshayeshi et al [5] conduct numerical
studies on vertical fins, attached with the surface. Natural convective heat transfer find out from heated
plane, which is kept into air with horizontal and vertical surface. Li et al [6] investigated the
performance of plate fin heat sinks with cross flow. The effect of different parameters like the fin
width, fin height, Re. number of cooling air on the thermal resistance and the pressure drop of heat
sinks were studied. Mehran et al [7] examined numerically and experimentally, Steady-state external
natural convection heat transfer from vertically-mounted rectangular interrupted fins. FLUENT
software is employed to develop a 2-D numerical model of fin interruption effects. An experimental
Numerical parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of fin spacing, and fin disruption.

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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

Mahmoud et al [8] examined numerically and experimentally, Steady-state external natural convection
heat transfer from vertically-mounted rectangular interrupted fins, fin height ranging from 0.25-1.0
mm and fin spacing from 0.5 to 1.0 mm was taken. Qarnia et al [9] using numerical approach
investigates the heat transfer by natural convection during the melting of a phase change material.
Sable et al [10] investigated the natural convection of a vertical heated plate with a multiple v- type
fins having ambient air surrounding. In this paper, the CPU cooling performances of a computer
chassis with rectangular and circular pin fin heat sinks were investigated using transient thermal
analysis and the results were compared. An alternative model of heat fins has been designed to
increase heat dissipation. These fins utilize thermal analysis to identify a cooling solution for a desktop
computer, which uses in a 5W CPU. In ANSYS both the materials existing and proposed materials is
analysed and the results of steady state and transient thermal analysis are taken for comparison.

2. Experimental set up
Experiments were conducted to investigate forced convective cooling performance of an air cooled
parallel plate fin heat sink circular ,with coated and without coated rectangular pin fins between the
plate fins. The original parallel plate heat sink was fabricated consist parallel plates of length 53 mm
with cross-sectional area of 1.4 mm in width by 20 mm height for each plate. The second heat sink has
the same geometry of original one but with some circular pins between the plate fins. Thermal and
hydrodynamics performances of the heat sinks have been assessed from the results obtained for the
pressure drop, thermal resistance and overall performance with the free stream air velocity ranging
from 4.7 to 12.5 m/s. Fig 1(a),(b) and (c) represents circular fin , rectangular fin with coated and
without coated.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig 1 Photo image of (a) Circular fin (b) Rectangular fin with coated
(c) Rectangular fin without coated

2.1 Modeling and Analysing of heat sink fins

(a) (b) (c)

Fig 2 Model image of (a) Circular fin (b) Rectangular fin with coated
(c) Rectangular fin without coated

The flow of work used in each simulation. The steps are the following.

2
Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

• Creation (reception) of 3D model

• Preparation of the model before taking it into FEM software such as elimination of bad
geometry, simplification of unnecessary parts and improvement of contact regions
• Basic inputs in ANSYS workbench15.0. This information will allow the model to work
properly during simulation and will define the behavior of the parts during the analysis
• FEM inputs. These parameters will control the computational time and the accuracy of results
in the simulation. A special analysis of factors is performed in order to define them.
• Simulation is carried out by the software
• Results obtained need to be evaluated and judged as good or bad before presenting them in the
report.

Fig 2 (a),(b) and (c) represents the model of circular fin , rectangular fin with coated and without
coated.

2.2 Meshing of heat sink fins

(a) (b) (c)

Fig 3 Meshed image of (a) Circular fin (b) Rectangular fin with coated
(c) Rectangular fin without coated

Table 1 Mesh details for heat sink fins

Mesh Element No of No of
S.No Heat sink fin
size type nodes elements
1 Circular fin 5mm tetrahedron 73712 233998

2 Rectangular fin with 2mm tetrahedron 41730 92289

coated
3 Rectangular fin 3mm tetrahedron 53904 163653
without coated

Fig 3 (a), (b) and (c) represents the meshed image of circular fin, rectangular fin with coated and
without coated.

2.3 Boundary conditions

3
Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

Selection of the proper boundary conditions is important in the analysis of structures. For a static
analysis, it is common to use a simpler assumption of supports without considering the soil system
stiffness. However for dynamic analysis, representing the soil stiffness is most important. The
boundary conditions used are corresponding to a double-pinned axle and the model is prevented from
translation and rotation in all directions.

2.4 Transient Thermal Analysis

Transient thermal analysis shows temperature and other thermal parameters that vary over time; which
are input in evaluating the structural analyses which is a steady-state thermal analysis. The induced
loads in a transient analysis are functions of time that can separate the load versus time curve into load
steps.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1 Analysis of Existing heat sink fins

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

Fig 4 Meshed image and Transient thermal analysis of (a) Circular fin
(b) Rectangular fin with coated (c) Rectangular fin without coated

3.2 Proposed models and its analysis

4
Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

(g) (h)

(i) (j)

Fig 5 Meshed image of (a) Rectangular base circular fin (b) Circular base circular fin
(c) Circular base various profile fin (d) AMD fin (e) Rectangular base wall fin

5
Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 197 (2017) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012085
1234567890

3.3 Proposed models comparison of analysis

Fig 6 Comparison of analysis of proposed models

4. Conclusions
An alternative model of heat fins has been designed to increase heat dissipation. In ANSYS both the
materials existing and proposed materials is analysed and the results of steady state and transient
thermal analysis are taken for comparison. From the observations the following conclusions are made:
• CPU cooling performances of a computer chassis with rectangular and circular pin fin heat
sinks were investigated using transient thermal analysis and the results were compared. The
heat sink temperature difference results have been compared with an experimental result to
find out best heat sink designs, and it shows the good correlation.
• Model 3 is proposed due to maximum heat dissipated, compare to other proposed models.

References
[1] Cheng-Hung Huang , Jon-Jer Lu , Herchang Ay 2011 A three dimensional heat sink module
design problem with experimental verification, International Journal of Heat and Mass
Transfer 54 1482–1492.
[2] Kobus CJ, Oshio, T 2005 Predicting the thermal performance characteristics of staggered
vertical pin fin array heat sinks under combined mode radiation and mixed convection with
impinging flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 2684–2696.
[3] Dong-Kwon Kim, Sung Jin Kim, Jin-Kwon Bae 2009, Comparison of thermal performances
of plate-fin and pin-fin heat sinks subject to an impinging flow, International Journal of Heat
and Mass Transfer 52 3510–3517.
[4] Emrana, Mohammad Ariful Islama 2014 Numerical investigation of flow dynamics and heat
transfer characteristics in a micro channel heat sink Procedia Engineering 90 563-568.
[5] Goshayeshi Ampofo 2009, Heat Transfer by Natural Convection from a Vertical and
Horizontal Surfaces Using Vertical Fins Energy and Power Engineering, 85-89.
[6] Li and Chao 2009, Measurement of performance of plate-fin heat sinks with cross flow
cooling International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 2949–2955.
[7] Mehran Ahmadi, Golnoosh Mostafavi, Majid Bahrami 2014, Natural convection from
rectangular interrupted fins International Journal of Thermal Sciences 82 62-71.
[8] Mahmoud R, Al-Dadah DK, Aspinwall SL, Soo H Hemida 2011, Effect of micro fin
geometry on natural convection heat transfer of horizontal microstructures Applied Thermal
Engineering 31 627-633.
[9] Qarnia and Lakhal 2013, Computation of melting with natural convection inside a rectangular
enclosure heated by discrete protruding heat sources Applied Mathematical Modelling 37
3968-3981.
[10] Sable SJ, Jagtap PS, Patil PR, Baviskar SB 2010 Barve Enhancement Of Natural Convection
Heat Transfer On Vertical Heated Plate By Multiple V-FIN Array IJRRAS 5 2.