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SKEE 4443
QUESTION 4
(a) Equipment ratings for the two-bus power system shown in Figure Q4(a) are as
follows:
Generator 1, G1: 100 MVA, 22 kV, X = j0.25 p.u
Generator 2, G2: 100 MVA, 12 kV, X = j0.20 p.u
Transformer 1, T1: 100 MVA, 22 kV Y/132 kV Y, X = j0.12 p.u
Transformer 2, T2: 100 MVA, 12 kV Y/ 132 kV Y, X = j0.12 p.u
Each 132 kV lines: Xline = 50 ȳ
Bus 1 Bus 2
Xline = j50 Ω
Xline = j50 Ω
G1 T1 T2 G2
X = j0.25 p.u X = j0.12 p.u X = j0.12 p.u X = j0.20 p.u
X
Figure Q4(a)
Based on generator G1 rated values, a symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at the
middle of the line, at location X. Determine;
(i) The Thevenin equivalent impedance,
[10 marks]
(ii) The fault current in Ampere,
[4 marks]
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SKEE 4443
(iii) Fault current drawn from the generator G1 and generator G2 in Ampere.
[3 marks]
(b) For the 300 kV, 50 Hz power system, the following Z-bus matrix is obtained using
base 100 MVA and 300 kV in per-unit.
݆ͲǤʹͳ͵ ݆ͲǤͳ ݆ͲǤͳͳͺ
ܼ௨௦ ൌ ݆ͲǤͳ ݆ͲǤʹͶͷ ݆ͲǤͳͻͺ൩ Ǥ ݑǤ
݆ͲǤͳͳͺ ݆ͲǤͳͻͺ ݆ͲǤʹͺ͵
A symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at Bus 3. By assuming prefault voltages to be
at nominal values and prefault current to be zero, determine fault current and voltages
at all buses during fault in per-unit value if the fault is;
(i) Solid fault,
[5 marks]
(ii) Through a fault impedance of Zf = j0.25 p.u
[5 marks]
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SKEE 4443
QUESTION 4
(a) A three-phase fault occurs at Bus 3 of a four-bus system in Figure Q4(a). Voltage at
Bus 2 is not required from this analysis.
Figure Q4(a)
(i) Using circuit simplification approach (bus reduction) or other technique,
determine the bus impedance matrix.
[8 marks]
Then calculate:
(ii) Fault current at Bus 3 (in p.u.)
[1 marks]
(iii) Bus Voltages (except for Bus 2).
[3 marks]
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SKEE 4443
(iv) Fault currents for Line 1-3 and Line 4-3 (in p.u).
[2 marks]
(v) Verify your answer in (ii) by using Thevenin equivalent for short circuit in
Bus 3.
[4 marks]
(b) Two 100 MVA generators are connected through two reactors to a common bus as
shown in Figure Q4(b). Each feeder connected to generator side of a reactor with fault
level of 666.66 MVA and protected by 700 MVA circuit breaker (CB). The system is
to be extended by connecting it to the grid through a 100 MVA transformer. Calculate
the reactance X for a reactor to be connected in the busbar section to maintain the
existing fault level of both generators if a short circuit occurs at point F.
Figure Q4(b)
[8 marks]
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SKEE 4443
Q.3 (a) Consider the power system in Figure Q.3(a).Assume that the power system
is initially unloaded and generator 1 (G1) is taken as a base i.e 500 MVA,
13.8 kV. If a three phase fault occurs at bus 1, determine.
(i) The subtransient fault current in Ampere and short circuit MVA.
[8 marks]
(ii) The currents in all transmission lines during fault in Ampere.
[5 marks]
Bus 2 Bus 3 T2
Line 2 G2
X = 50 Ω
G1 T1 Bus 1 1000 MVA 1000 MVA
Line 1 500/20 kV 20 kV
X=0.10 p.u. X”=0.17 p.u.
X = 50 Ω
500 MVA 500 MVA
13.8 kV 13.8/500 kV Bus 4 T3 G3
X”=0.2 p.u. X=0.12 p.u. Line 3
X = 50 Ω
500 MVA 500 MVA
500/18 kV 18 kV
X=0.08 p.u. X”=0.12 p.u.
Figure Q.3(a)
(b) A four-bus system is shown in Figure Q.3(b). All impedances shown in the
figure are in per unit.
Bus 1 Bus 3
j0.2
j0.2
G1
j0.3 j0.1
j0.5
j0.3
G2 j0.6
Bus 2 Bus 4
Figure Q.3(b)
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SKEE 4443
The Z bus for the network is given as:
0.150 0.075 0.140 0.135
0.075 0.1875 0.090 0.0975
Z bus = j p.u.
0.140 0.090 0.2533 0.210
0.135 0.0975 0.210 0.2475
If a three phase fault occurs at bus 4 of the network;
(i) Calculate the fault current and all bus voltages during fault.
[5 marks]
(ii) Determine the fault current contributed to Bus 4 by the adjacent
unfaulted bus.
[7 marks]
(iii) If the three phase fault occurs at bus 4 through a fault reactance, the
magnitude of fault current is reduced to 25% of the value obtained in
(i). Determine the value of the fault reactance.
[2 marks]
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SKEE 4443
Q.3 (a) A power system is represented by one line diagram in Figure Q3(a).
Figure Q.3(a)
All values are given in per unit on a 80 MVA base. Assume that the pre-
fault voltage of each generator is to be 1.0 per unit. Bus impedance matrix
with all elements in per unit for the system is given below;
ª j0.71660 j0.60992 j0.53340 j0.58049º
« j0.60992 j0.73190 j0.64008 j0.69659»»
«
« j0.53340 j0.64008 j0.71660 j0.66951»
« »
¬ j0.58049 j0.69659 j0.66951 j0.76310¼
If a three phase fault occurs at Bus 3. Calculate the:-
(i) Fault current (in Ampere) and fault level (in MVA) at Bus 3.
[3 marks]
(ii) the branch currents that enter the faulted bus during fault.
[5 marks]
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SKEE 4443
If line L23 is connected in parallel with another line with reactance of 0.4 pu
(same base as line L23), recalculate the fault current and fault level at Bus 3.
[5 marks]
(b) Figure Q3(b) shows three generating station rated 75 MVA, 75 MVA and 50
MVA with percentage reactances 12 %, 12 % and 6.5% respectively. The
rating of the reactors connected between the three generating stations are
given as 50 MVA with percentage reactance 9 %. The circuit breakers (CB)
have breaking capacity of 1500 MVA. It is planned to extend the system by
connecting it to the grid through a transformer rated at 100 MVA and 8 %
reactance. Calculate the reactance X (in ohm) needed for a reactor to be
connected in the bus-bar section to prevent the circuit breaker from being
over loaded if a short circuit occurring at point F. The bus bar voltage is 230
kV. (Take 100 MVA as base)
Figure Q3(b)
[14 marks]
Question 3
a) A three-phase short circuit occurs at the generator bus (bus 1) for the system shown in
Figure Q3(a). Neglecting prefault currents and assuming that the generator is
operating at its rated voltage and taking 30 MVA , 13.8 kV as base in generator side,
determine
i) The subtransient fault current in Ampere and short circuit MVA.
ii) The current in transmission line during fault in Ampere
[15 marks]
Bus 1 Bus 2
j65 W
G M
30 MVA 30 MVA 30 MVA 25 MVA
13.8 kV 13.2/69 kV 69/13.2 kV 13 kV
15% 11% 11% 15%
Figure Q3(a)
(b) A four bus system is shown in Figure Q3(b). All impedance shown in the figure are in
per unit. The Z bus for the network is given as below:
é j 0.2436 j 0.1938 j 0.1544 j 0.1456ù
ê j 0.1938 j 0.2295 j 0.1494 j 0.1501úú
Z bus =ê
ê j 0.1544 j 0.1494 j 0.1954 j 0.1046ú
ê ú
ë j 0.1456 j 0.1506 j 0.1046 j 0.954 û
If a three-phase fault occurs at bus 1 of the network.
i) Calculate the fault current and all bus voltages during fault.
[5 marks]
ii) Compute the fault currrents contributed to bus 1 by the adjacent unfaulted bus.
[3 marks]
iii) If a three-phase fault occurs at bus 1 through a fault impedance (reactance), the
magnitude of fault current is reduced to 20 % of the value obtained in (i).
Determine the value of the faut impedance.
[4 marks]
G2 Generator 2
j0.2
j0.1
Bus 4
j0.4
j0.2
j0.125
Bus 1 Bus 2
j0.25
j0.25
Bus 3
j0.1
G1 Generator 1
j0.2
Figure Q3(b)
Question 1
a) What is Short Circuit Capacity? What significant is this value in power system
protection?
[4 Marks]
b) Figure Q1 shows a single line diagram of a five bus system. All impedances are
in per unit to a common 100 MVA base.
Xg1=j0.1 Xg2=j0.1
Xt1=j0.2 Xt2=j0.2
Bus 1 Bus 2
j0.15
j0.24
Bus 5
j0.2 j0.25
j0.22
j0.3
Bus 3 Bus 4
Figure Q1
i. Determine the fault current in per-unit when a bolted three-phase fault
occurs at Bus 3 by using the Thevenin equivalent. Assume that the
prefault voltage is 1.0 Ð0 o per unit.
[9 Marks]
ii. Determine the Short Circuit Capacity (MVAF) at Bus 3.
[2 Marks]
Test2 SEE4443 (30 Marks – 15%)
Q1. A single line diagram for three bus system is shown in Figure Q1. All impedances are in
per unit ad were referred to same base.
Xg1 = j0.2 Xg2 = j0.2
Xt1 = j0.1 Xt2 = j0.1
Bus 1 Bus 3
j0.12
j0.15
j0.2
Bus 2
Figure Q1
a) Determine the thevenin equivalent for short circuit at bus 2 [6 marks]
b) Determine the fault current in per unit through a fault impedance of Zf = j0.2
[2 marks]
c) Validate/prove your answer in part b) by using bus impedance matrix [7 marks]
TEST 2 SKEE4443
SESSION 20162017 SEMESTER 2
8 MAY 2017 (MONDAY) 5.30PM - 6.30PM
Answer all questions.
QUESTION 1
A single line diagram for three-bus system is shown in Figure Q1. All impedances are in
per unit on a common base of 100 MVA and 132 kV at Bus 3.
Figure Q1
a) Determine the Thevenin equivalent for short circuit at Bus 3 [6 marks]
b) Determine the fault current (in Ampere) and Short Circuit Capacity through a
fault impedance of Zf = j0.2 p.u. [3 marks]
c) Validate/prove your answer for actual fault current in part b) by using bus
impedance matrix [6 marks]
TEST 2 SKEE/SEE 4443 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS SEM 2 2015/2016
Q1. The per unit bus impedance matrix for a 4-bus power system is given in sequential
order of bus numbers as follow:
0.150 0.075 0.140 0.135
0.075 0.1875 0.090 0.0975
Z = j p.u
0.140 0.090 0.2533 0.210
0.135 0.0975 0.210 0.2475
The system is operating at nominal voltage when a three-phase fault occurs through a
fault impedance of j0.0025 per unit at Bus 4.
i) If pre fault voltage is ∠°, calculate the bus voltages during fault.
[4 marks]
ii) Can you calculate the fault currents in the lines of the system? Give reason for
your answer.
[2 marks]
Q2. Considered Figure Q2. By taking 50 MVA 12 kV in generator G1 as base, determine:
i) Fault current in Ampere and short circuit MVA. [13 marks]
ii) Current in Ampere at low voltage side of transformer T2. [2 marks]
If a bolted three-phase fault occurs at Bus 1.
Bus 1 T1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4 Bus 5
T2
Line2-3 Line3-4
G1 G2
X = 40 Ω X = 40 Ω
50 MVA 100 MVA
10 kV/132 kV 132 kV/10 kV
12 kV 15 kV
50 MVA 100 MVA
X”=0.2 pu X”=0.2 pu
X”=0.1 pu X”=0.1 pu
Figure Q2
