Math Module: Stocks & Bonds
Math Module: Stocks & Bonds
General
Mathematics
(Quarter 2-Module 5/Lesson 1-3
Week 5)
Department of Education
SDO- City of San Fernando (LU)
Region 1
11
General
Mathematics
(Quarter 2-Module 5/Lesson 1-3/
Week 5)
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For the parents:
1. Please guide your child while he is studying and answering the tasks provided in
this module.
2. Remind your child about his study time and schedule so he can finish the module.
3. Let your child answer the module activities independently however, assist him only
when necessary.
4. I will call on a certain time based on the schedule to explain the lessons in the
module.
5. Kindly return the whole module and answer sheets on _________ during Fridays at
____________________.
For the learners:
1. Read carefully the directions so that you will know what to do.
2. If there are directions or topics in the module that are difficult for you to
understand, feel free to ask from your parents or companions at home. However, if
you still could not understand, you can call me at this number, _____________so I
could explain it to you clearly.
3. Answer the activities in the module on the specific day for the subject. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answers. Avoid writing or tearing the pages of this
module because this will be used by other pupils/students like you.
4. Write important concepts in your notebook regarding your lesson. This will help
you in your review later.
5. You need to finish the activities in this module so that you can give this to your
parents on ___________________________.
Always remember these health tips:
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General Mathematics Self – Learning Module attains the K to 12 Most Essential
Learning Competencies of DepEd. Enriched with the 21st century skills and supplemented
with relevant figures, the variation of activities and exercises promotes the twin goals of
the K to 12 Mathematics Curriculum, which are critical thinking andproblem solving.
Furthermore, this module includes the following components
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What I Need to Know
This module was developed to guide help you master your knowledge and skills on the key
concepts of stocks and bonds. This module comprises of three lessons, namely:
1. Lesson 1: Stocks
2. Lesson 2: Bonds
3. Lesson 3: Market Index
What I Know
Let’s try to assess what you already know about the lesson.
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
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For numbers 6-7
Aguila Corporation opened 500 shares of stocks to continue their business operation. Of
these shares, 135 are owned by the Attorney Masinop and 56 are owned by Doctor
Masigasig.
9. How much is the lowest price of stocks that Chinabank traded yesterday?
A. 29.00 C. 30.00
B. 28.00 D. 31.50
10. How much is the highest price of stocks that Chinabank traded for the past 52 weeks?
A. 29.00
B. 28.00
C. 30.00
D. 31.50
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Lesson
1 Stocks
Financial asset is a liquid asset (an asset that can be converted into cash) that may get
from a contractual right or ownership claim. Examples are cash, stocks, bonds, mutual funds
and bank deposits.
What’s
In
In the previous lesson, you learned the concept of Annuity.
ANNUITY
- An annuity is a contract that an insurer issues. It is a common business practice of
payment such as bond dividends, installment payments and others.
2. Indexed annuities
This type of annuity is credited with a return which the insurer links to the performance of a
certain index. An example of an index is Philippine Stocks Exchange Index
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3. Variable annuities
In this contract, policyholders may choose how to invest their purchase payments. There are
several different investment options. In most cases, they are different types of mutual funds
such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments and other assets.
What’s New
Compute for the Change in Price of each item and identify whether it is a Gain or Loss.
Item Price bought Price Sold Change in Price Gain or Loss
1 1,250.00 1,300.00
2 750.00 500.00
3 2, 500.00 2,650.00
Solution: In calculating for the change in price, Price sold minus price bought
What is it
In business, investors need to acknowledge that price of a specific stock or bond is necessary.
Therefore, in investing money, there are two possible outcomes for the return of investment–
it can be a gain or a loss.
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STOCKS
It is a form of security that represents ownership interest in a corporation.
Stock certificate
- Refers to a paper issued to the stockholder.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:
CERTFICATE OF STOCKS (COMMON STOCK)
Source:
Source:
https://templatelab.com/stock-certificate-templates/#Stock_Certificate_Templates
https://templatelab.com/stock-certificate-templates/#Stock_Certificate_Templates
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KINDS OF STOCKS
Common Stocks Preferred Stocks
- Stockholders in this type have rhe - Stockholders in this type generally
right to vote at the shareholders’ do not have the rights to vote
meetings
- They are entitle to receive any - They have higher claim on assets
dividends paid out by the and earnings
corporation.
- It does not have a set dividend - In case of bankcruptcy, stockholders
(earnings shared by the company) are paid first before the said event.
Example:
Mapagpala Book Company opened 1,000 shares of stocks to continue the operation. Of these
shares, 524 are owned by the Miranda group of investors and 207 are owned by Doctor
Flores.
a. What percent of the total shares of stocks is controlled by the Miranda group of
investors?
b. What percent of the total shares of stocks is controlled by Dr. Flores?
Solutions:
a. In solving for the percent of the controlled shares of stocks of the Miranda group of
investors, we use the formula 𝒑 = 𝒓𝒙𝒃
Where p = portion; r = rate; b = base (the total)
p = 524 r=?
b = 1,000
Since, we need the rate, we will modify the formula, 𝒑 = 𝒓𝒙𝒃 by dividing both sides
by b to get the formula of rate (r).
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Substitue the given value and perform the indicated operation.
𝟓𝟐𝟒
𝒓 = 𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟒 Or 52.4%
0.524 multiply by 100% to get
52.4%
b. To get the rate of controlled shares of Dr. Flores, use the same step in Solution a.
𝟐𝟎𝟕
𝒓= = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕%
𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Stock Market – it is a place where investors go to trade equity securities (shares) issued
by corporations
Refers to the ownership
interest in a company
Stock Exchanges
Exchange refers to the market place for stocks.
STOCKS INCOME
Dividend
- Earnings of the stockholder
Example (1): Compute for the yearly income that Ms. Abilong will receive from the Agila
Corporation stocks from her 180 shares that cost 100.00 per share that is paid semi-
annually.
Solution:
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RATE OF INCOME
Formula:
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘
Example: Miss Lita owns a 100 - shares of stock that costs 1,500.00 and pays quarterly
dividend of 2, 550.00. What is the rate of her income or return of investment?
Solution:
To get the total cost of Miss Lita’s stocks: multiply the cost per stock and the number
of stocks she owns.
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘
10, 200.00
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖 𝒐𝒓 𝟔. 𝟖%
150,000.00
Therefore, the rate of income of Miss Lita is 0.068 or 6.8%
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Lesson
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2 Bonds
What is it
Bonds are debts. These are official promissory documents issued by the debtor stating
the aknowledegement of the amount borrowed and the pledge to pay back the loaned
amount.
Bondholders – refer to the creditors of the company. They are get paid first than stock
holders but they are not entitled to profit- sharing. They will be paid only from the
interest with the principal amount borrowed by the corporation.
*Bonds yield lower return and are exposed a lesser risk than stocks.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:
CERTIFICATE OF BOND
(Source: https://templatelab.com/stock-certificate-templates/#Stock_Certificate_Templates)
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In the above illustration, the bondholder is Crisostomo Ibarra who gave an amount of
5,000. 00 credit to AGILA CORPORATION where 10% interest rate is stated to be paid by
the corporation including its principal amount on the agreed terms.
Bond Market
The bond market is also known as the debt or the credit market.
By buying bonds, the participant issues a loan for the length of the security and
receives interest in return. Once it matures, the face value of the bond is paid back to the
participant.
Example:
Mrs. Dela Cruz purchased two hundred fifty 6%- bonds from Agila Corporation. Each bond
has a face value of 1,200.00 and was purchased at 1,100.00. The bonds mature in 4
years.
a. How much will she receive as her dividend for all the bonds if dividends are paid
quarterly?
b. Compute for its maturity value.
c. After the maturity date, how much is her total earnings?
Solutions:
a. Dividend for each bond for 1 = face value x interest rate
year
= 1,200.00 × 0.06 = 72.00
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Quarterly dividend for 1 year 1
= ( )× 72.00 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟎
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Quarterly dividend for each = 18.00 × 250 = 𝟒, 𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
bond for 250 bonds
= 304,500.00 − 275,000.00
= 𝟐𝟗, 𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
Lesson
3 Market Index
What is it
Market Index refers to the tool used by the market investors in describing the stock
market. It is also used in comparing the return of specific investments.
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STOCK INDEX TABLE
(Source: https://www.pse.com.ph/stockMarket/home.html)
Chg – change of the index value from the previous trading day (value today minus value
yesterday)
STOCK TABLE
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52 Week High refers to the highest price at which stocks traded during the past 52 weeks
52 Week Low refers to the lowest price at which stocks traded during the past 52 weeks
Stocks refer to the company names
Open refers to the opening price traded yesterday
High refers to the highest price traded yesterday
Low refers to the lowest price traded yesterday
Close refers to the price which the Stocks traded the stocks exchange closed yesterday
Volume refers to the number of shares traded yesterday.
a. In stock for Philippine National Bank (PNB), how much is the highest and the lowest
price for 52 weeks? 12
b. In stock for Philippine National Bank (PNB), how much is the highest and the lowest
price traded yesterday?
Solution:
a. In order to find the highest price and the lowest price of PNB, look under 52 Week
High and 52 Week Low, respectively. Therefore, the highest price is 94.95 and the
lowest price is 76.50 respectively.
b. In order to find the highest price and the lowest price traded yesterday, look under
high and low, respectively. Therefore, the highest price is 84.00 and the lowest
price is 83.25, respectively.
Bid Size – refers to the number of individual buy orders and the total number of
shares they wish to buy
Bid Price – the price these buyers are willing to buy for the stock
Ask Price – the price the seller of the stock are willing to sell the stock
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Ask Sieze – the number of individuals who sell oders and the number of shares they
wish to sell (which can be placed and seen online)
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:
In the above table, under the bid from the first row under the bid, it can be seen that there are
95 traders who wish to buy 35, 000 shares at 100.00 per share. But, under the Ask/Offer,
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only 20 traders will only sell 10,000 shares of stocks 120.00 per share
Bond investing has less risk than stock investing, but, there’s still some risk involved. It can
be by the issuer’s default. Bond investors should be aware on the financial condition and
performance of the issuer the bond and of the prevailing market conditions.
What’s More
INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY
A. Modified True or False. Read and understand each statement. Write T if the statement
is true. If it is false, change the underlined word to make the statement correct. Write
your answers in a separate answer sheet.
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1. Stocks are shares in the ownership of a company.
2. Bondholders receive profit share of the company’s portion of income in the form of
dividend which is proportional to the number of shares.
3. Stock investing has less risk than bond investing.
4. Preferred stock shareholders are paid first before bankcruptcy than Common Stock
shareholders.
5. Bonds are debts.
6. Bondholders’ return of investment will be from the principal amount lent to the
company with its agreed interest rate.
B. Answer what is being asked. Write your answers in a separate answer sheet.
1. Analyze the given stock table below and answer the questions.
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52-WK- 52-WK- Stock OPEN HIGH LOW CLOSE VOL.
High LOW
31.50 28.00 Eastwest 32.50 33.00 29.00 30.00 15,530
Banking
Corp.
(EWC)
40.00 35.00 May Bank 38.50 31.50 35.00 40.75 38,170
Corp
(MBC)
a. In stock for May Bank Corp. (MBC), how much is the highest price traded during the
past 52 weeks?
b. In stock for Eastwest Bank Corp. (EWC), how much is the closed price which the
stocks exchange traded yesterday?
c. What is the stock where it has 31.50 highest price traded for yesterday?
d. How many stocks of shares were May Bank Corp. traded yesterday?
e. How much is the lowest price traded yesterday by the Eastwest Bank Corp. (EWC)?
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What I have learned
Stocks are shares of ownership in a corporation. Stock holders earn their return of investment
through profit- sharing based on the proportion they hold in a corporation.
Bonds are debts. Bondholders gain return of investment through the principal amount of their
money credited by a corporation together with its interest.
Stock investors and bond investors should be aware on the performance of a corporation
through the market index of stocks and bonds they wanted to invest their money.
What I can do
Read and understand the given problem and answer what is being asked. Write your answer
with complete solutions in a separate answer sheet.
Lito invested his money on 225 - shares of stock that costs 2,000.00 per stock and pays
semi annually dividend of 15, 250.00
a. If the corporation opened 1,000 stocks, what percent of the total shares of stocks is
controlled by Lito?
b. What is the rate of his income or return of investment?
Assessment
What do we call those who receive profit share of the company’s portion of income in
the form of dividend which is proportional to the number of shares?
A. Stockholders C. Both Stockholders and Bondholders
B. Bondholders D. None of these choices
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Which of the following refers to a tool to describe the performance of a certain
corporation measuring the value of a section of the bond market?
A. Market Index C. Stock Market Index
B. Bond Market Index D. Both B and C
Which of the following refers to debts?
A. Bonds C. Dividends
B. Stocks D. None of these
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C. It is the highest price of stock that Rural Bank of the Philippines (RBP) traded
yesterday.
D. It is thelowest price of stock that Rural Bank of the Philippines (RBP) traded
yesterday.
How much is the lowest price of stock Rural Bank of the Philippines (RBP) traded in the
exchange stock in the past 52 weeks?
A. 44.75 C. 43.25
B. 45. 50 D. 49.00
Agila Corporation issued one hundred fifty 6%- bonds. Mr. Maparaan invested
bought the said number of bonds. Each bond has a face value of 3, 500.00 and was
purchased at 3, 250.00. The bonds mature in 3 years.
How much will he receive as his dividend for all the bonds if dividends are paid semi-
annually?
A. 15, 750.00 C. 15, 570.00
B. 15, 750.25 D. 15, 570.25
How much is its maturity value?
A. 525,000.00 C. 525,520.00
B. 525,000.25 D. 525,520.25
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Additional Activities
For additional information in the concept of stocks and bonds, open the link below:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/ap-macroeconomics/ap-
financial-sector/financial-assets-ap/v/bonds-vs-stocks
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References
Bibliography
Melosantos, Luis Allan B., et. al. 2016. Math Connections in the Digital Age General
Mathematics. Quezon City. Sibs Pubkishing House, Inc.
Orines, Fernando B. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics. Quezon
Ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Oronce, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Online Resources
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/stocks-and-
bonds/#:~:text=Stocks%20and%20bonds%20are%20certificates,buy%20them%20are%20cal
led%20investors.
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/stocks-and-bonds/
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/difference-between-bond-stock-
market.asp#:~:text=A%20stock%20market%20is%20a,issued%20by%20corporations%20or
%20governments.
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/the-business-definition-of-equity-393287
http://scinet.dost.gov.ph/union/UploadFiles/download.php?b=GM_023_344581.pdf&f=../Do
wnloads/GM_023_344581.pdf&t=application/pdf
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketefficiency.asp
investopedia.com/terms/f/financialasset.asp#:~:text=A%20financial%20asset%20is%20a,are
%20examples%20of%20financial%20assets.
Development Team of the Module
KWENIE A. PAJE
BRENDA A. SABADO