Cheatsheets / Learn JavaScript

Introduction
console.log()
The console.log() method is used to log or print messages to the console. It can also be
used to print objects and other info. console.log('Hi there!');
// Prints: Hi there!

JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that powers the dynamic behavior on most websites.
Alongside HTML and CSS, it is a core technology that makes the web run.

Methods
Methods return information about an object, and are called by appending an instance with
a period . , the method name, and parentheses. // Returns a number between 0 and 1
Math.random();

Libraries
Libraries contain methods that can be called by appending the library name with a period
. , the method name, and a set of parentheses. Math.random();
// ☝ Math is the library

Numbers
Numbers are a primitive data type. They include the set of all integers and oating point
numbers. let amount = 6;
let price = 4.99;

String .length
The .length property of a string returns the number of characters that make up the string.
let message = 'good nite';
console.log(message.length);
// Prints: 9

console.log('howdy'.length);
// Prints: 5

Data Instances
When a new piece of data is introduced into a JavaScript program, the program keeps track
of it in an instance of that data type. An instance is an individual case of a data type.

Booleans
Booleans are a primitive data type. They can be either true or false .
let lateToWork = true;

Math.random()
The Math.random() function returns a oating-point, random number in the range from 0
(inclusive) up to but not including 1. console.log(Math.random());
// Prints: 0 - 0.9

Math.floor()
The Math.floor() function returns the largest integer less than or equal to the given
number. console.log(Math.floor(5.95));
// Prints: 5
Single Line Comments
In JavaScript, single-line comments are created with two consecutive forward slashes // .
// This line will denote a comment

Null
Null is a primitive data type. It represents the intentional absence of value. In code, it is
represented as null . let x = null;

Strings
Strings are a primitive data type. They are any grouping of characters (letters, spaces,
numbers, or symbols) surrounded by single quotes ' or double quotes " . let single = 'Wheres my bandit hat?';
let double = "Wheres my bandit hat?";

Arithmetic Operators
JavaScript supports arithmetic operators for:
// Addition
● + addition
5 + 5
● - subtraction // Subtraction
● * multiplication 10 - 5
// Multiplication
● / division
5 * 10
● % modulo
// Division
10 / 5
// Modulo
10 % 5

Multi-line Comments
In JavaScript, multi-line comments are created by surrounding the lines with /* at the
beginning and */ at the end. Comments are good ways for a variety of reasons like /*
explaining a code block or indicating some hints, etc. The below configuration must be
changed before deployment.
*/

let baseUrl = 'localhost/taxwebapp/country';

Remainder / Modulo Operator

The remainder operator, sometimes called modulo, returns the number that remains after
the right-hand number divides into the left-hand number as many times as it evenly can. // calculates # of weeks in a year, rounds down to nearest
integer
const weeksInYear = Math.floor(365/7);

// calcuates the number of days left over after 365 is divded

by 7
const daysLeftOver = 367 % 7 ;

console.log("A year has " + weeksInYear + " weeks and "

+ daysLeftOver + " days");

Assignment Operators
An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right
operand. Here are some of them: let number = 100;

● += addition assignment
// Both statements will add 10
● -= subtraction assignment number = number + 10;
● *= multiplication assignment number += 10;
● /= division assignment
console.log(number);
// Prints: 120
String Interpolation
String interpolation is the process of evaluating string literals containing one or more
placeholders (expressions, variables, etc). let age = 7;
It can be performed using template literals: text ${expression} text .

// String concatenation
'Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.';

// String interpolation
`Tommy is ${age} years old.`;

Variables
Variables are used whenever there’s a need to store a piece of data. A variable contains
data that can be used in the program elsewhere. Using variables also ensures code re- const currency = '$';
usability since it can be used to replace the same value in multiple places. let userIncome = 85000;

console.log(currency + userIncome + ' is more than the average

income.');
// Prints: $85000 is more than the average income.

Unde ned
undefined is a primitive JavaScript value that represents lack of de ned value. Variables
that are declared but not initialized to a value will have the value undefined . var a;

console.log(a);
// Prints: undefined

Learn Javascript: Variables

A variable is a container for data that is stored in computer memory. It is referenced by a
descriptive name that a programmer can call to assign a speci c value and retrieve it. // examples of variables
let name = "Tammy";
const found = false;
var age = 3;
console.log(name, found, age);
// Tammy, false, 3

Declaring Variables
To declare a variable in JavaScript, any of these three keywords can be used along with a
variable name: var age;
let weight;
● var is used in pre-ES6 versions of JavaScript.
const numberOfFingers = 20;
● let is the preferred way to declare a variable when it can be reassigned.

● const is the preferred way to declare a variable with a constant value.

Template Literals
Template literals are strings that allow embedded expressions, ${expression} . While regular
strings use single ' or double " quotes, template literals use backticks instead. let name = "Codecademy";
console.log(`Hello, ${name}`);
// Prints: Hello, Codecademy

console.log(`Billy is ${6+8} years old.`);

// Prints: Billy is 14 years old.

let Keyword
let creates a local variable in JavaScript & can be re-assigned. Initialization during the
declaration of a let variable is optional. A let variable will contain undefined if nothing let count;
is assigned to it. console.log(count); // Prints: undefined
count = 10;
console.log(count); // Prints: 10
const Keyword
A constant variable can be declared using the keyword const . It must have an assignment.
Any attempt of re-assigning a const variable will result in JavaScript runtime error. const numberOfColumns = 4;
numberOfColumns = 8;
// TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

String Concatenation
In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated together using the + operator. In the
example, multiple strings and variables containing string values have been concatenated. let service = 'credit card';
After execution of the code block, the displayText variable will contain the concatenated let month = 'May 30th';
string.
let displayText = 'Your ' + service + ' bill is due on '
+ month + '.';

console.log(displayText);
// Prints: Your credit card bill is due on May 30th.