ZZZVDEDOKDULWKFRP

Defensive Driving
Driver’s Handbook

www.acoserv.com
Made by :
Mohamed Amri
QHSE Dept
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03

Face to face collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04

Defensive Driving Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

How to keep vehicle in good condition ......................................... 07

Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09

Feelings of anger on the road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09

Back troubles related to driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Instructions to stay vigilant and avoid drowsiness ........................... 12

Safety guidelines for driving at night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

The danger of mobile phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

How to act in situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Introduction
The car driver must be a good example for others, aware about the security
ethics and safety and always strive to make it ideal as a driver himself. He
must also be keen on his way of driving to be safe and preventive, for he is
responsible for his own safety and the safety of other passengers,
pedestrians and road users.
Safety can not be achieved only through cooperation with others.
;YHɉJZHML[`PZL]LY`VUL»ZYLZWVUZPIPSP[`HZHYLZ\S[^LZOV\SKNL[H
Z\ɉJPLU[HTV\U[VM[YHɉJH^HYLULZZ!

1 The safety of the vehicle 2 ;OLHWWSPJH[PVUVM [OL[YHɉJ

regardless of its kind : there is no rules on the road such as : Dot not
diffrence between a truck , car or bike exceed the speed limits in highways
because your safety depends on or in neighbourhoods. As well as the
theirs. As a result, you must pass [V[HS YLZWLJ[ VM [YHMÄJ ZPNUHSZ [OH[
periodic inspections and make sure OLSW[OLÅV^VM[YHMÄJH[PU[LYZLJ[PVUZ
that the tires, blinkers, lights, brakes so be careful, slow down and keep
and others are in good condition. HUL`LVU[OL[YHMÄJHYV\UK`V\

3 Focus while driving and pay 4 Fasten seat belts : the driver
attention to the road and to the must be a role model for other
movement of the vehicles around you passengers, and using the seat belt is
and pedastrians, avoid using your HU L]PKLUJL VM OPZ [YHMÄJ
cellphone or getting busy with the consciousness.
radio and the passengers, you are
responsible for their safety.

As for your behavior with other drivers, you must always remember that driving
is not a competetion, and you have to abide by several rules including :
Use blinkers when making turns so others could anticipate your movements.
Do not harm others’ visual ability with your headlights, turn them down
when getting close to other vehicles.
Get out of the way in case the vehicle is having any kind of damage
Always keep safety distance.
Do not overtake the vehicle in front of you in an area where overtaking
is not allowed.
Do not take risks`V\YSPMLPZ[VV]HS\HISL[VILZHJYPÄLKHUKYLTLTILY
that there are other circumstances that may cause dangers to the driver
such as bad weather, so you should be cautious during rain and lack of
clear vision in blowing dust cases. Make sure that your ÄYZ[HUKSHZ[NVHS
is safety, anticipate the occurrence of the unexpected at any moment.

3
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
In spite of the training programs on how to drive, most drivers’ actions
are always wrong when facing emergency situations, such as trying to
H]VPKJVSSPZPVUVYLU[LYPUN[YHɉJPUOPNO^H`ZHUKJOHUNPUNJV\YZLZ[OL
following are some alerts on how to behave with the most dangerous
HUKKPɉJ\S[ZP[\H[PVUZ[OH[[OLKYP]LYTH`LUJV\U[LY!

Face to face collisions

Face to face collisions are more likely to happen when driving in two-way
roads due to the lack of the seperation barriers between the direction of your
vehicle and the vehicles coming in the opposite direction.

Violence of the Impact

22 th
130
Floor

11 th
90
Floor

3 rd
50
Floor

4
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Collision accidents are concidered as the most dangerous type of accidents
which often result in many casualties, however, the majority of these
incidents can be avoided by following these procedures :
When you see a car coming toward you against the direction of your vehicle
do the following precautions :
Reduce your speed and swerve to the right.
Use the vehicle’s trumpet and headlights.
Prepare to stop or to get out of the way in case the vehicle coming
toward you didn’t change its course.
If you decide to get out of the way do not hit the brakes violently, lift your
foot off the gas pedal and start braking gently.

Braking Distance

28m
50 1 Distance traveled during
14m 14m
S the reaction time (1 S )
Reaction Braking
time distance
Braking distance
( decelerating of 7m/s )

46m

70 19m 27m

70m
90
25m 45m

94m
110
30m 64m

Safe entry to highways : when attempting entry to highways always make

Z\YL [V JOLJR [OL [YHɉJ HUK ^HP[ MVY [OL YPNO[ TVTLU[ [V LU[LY ^P[O
appropriate speed that commensurate with the passing vehicles on that road.

Put in mind these safety tips when entering into highways : Do not stop
at the entrance of the highway unless it is extremely necessary, because
if you do, it will take you much time to reach the appropriate speed which
my cause the collision of several cars coming behind you at the entrance.

5
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 =PZ\HSÄLSK
;VLUNHNL^P[O[YHɉJZHMLS`
leave the safety distance
between your vehicle and 4ZW\RE^]b
other vehicles, use the
blinkers in case of changing DSO`dWacOZ 8`]\bdWacOZķSZR
180°
course, use side and ķSZR
rearview mirrors. Make sure
that there are no vehicles in
the blind spot. 4ZW\RE^]b

Defensive Driving Techniques

Drive only when you are comfortable and attentive.

Watch for the road in front of you to detect any potential hazard and see
the farthest distance you can, seeing potential risk in that distance gives
you enough time to take the appropriate reaction to avoid a collision.
Drive to the far right side from the middle line of the road where it is less
likely to face deviating vehicles as well as it helps you to access quickly
the outer side of the road when necessary.
Stick to the speed limits, they are safe and appropriate to the weather and road
conditions, and so, you have enough time to cope with any kind of hazard.
Respect Speed Limits
Roads Normal conditions Bad conditions

Highway 110 90

Other roads 90 70 50

On road Off road

During rain and lack of clear

Desert
70 50 vision in blowing dust cases
Driving is totally prohibited
30 30

During rain and lack of clear

Rock / gravel access 10 vision in blowing dust cases
( Matous) Driving is totally prohibited

6
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 How to keep vehicle in good condition

Take care of your vehicle for safe driving

Periodic maintenance of the vehicle is one of the very important things

that are often ignored.
Examine the outer body of the vehicle for any damage in parts or any
fractures or cracks in the windows, glass or lights, dent in the tire or low
air pressure.

Check the bottom of the vehicle for any leaks.

Check inside the vehicle to make sure of the
safety of the measuring devices and door
handles, mirrors and lights, and make sure that
the safety belts are in good working condition.
Check the brakes, blinkers, headlights and rear
lights and trumpet.

Weekly maintenance!7HYR[OL]LOPJSLVUHÅH[Z\YMHJLZ[VW[OLLUNPULHUK
let it cool down then do the following :
Check the oil level, in case you have to add more, use the type
recommended by the manufacturer. Check the coolant level in the
radiator, remember , never open the radiator cap when the engine is
hot.
When you lift the hood look for cracked belts and hoses, and change
[OLTPTTLKPH[LS`*OLJR[OLÅ\PKSL]LSVM[OLNSHZZ^PWLYZHUKTHRL
sure they work appropriately.
Check the general condition of the tires and measure their air pressure
HUK[OLUPUÅH[L[OLT[V[OLSL]LSVM[OLYLJVTTLUKLKPUZ[Y\J[PVUZI`
the manufacturer in order to improve the economy of gasoline
consumption.

How to keep the tires in good condition

Avoid overloading and respect the legalized limits.

Follow the instructions contained in the manual of the vehicle for
pressing the tires.
Respect the speed limits.

7
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Avoid collision with solid objects, sidewalks and stones.
Do not store tires in damp places with intense heat.
Avoid sudden braking and acceleration.
Check tires pressure constantly before and after traveling.
Make sure to choose the proper type of tires to the vehicle.

The main reasons that lead to corrosion and expolsion of the tires

Overload.
Low or high pressure of the tires.
Temperature.
Overspeeding.
Tires exposure to shocks.
Storage in damp places or high
temperature atmosphere.
Sudden braking or sudden acceleration.

The Journey Management Procedure

Each trip should be controlled by the Journey Management

7YVJLK\YL)LMVYL LHJO [YPW [OL KYP]LY PZ YLX\PYLK [V JHYLM\SS` ÄSS PU [OL ÄYZ[
part of the JM :
The Vehicles details
The Passenger(s) details
The Vehicle checklist

;OLZLJVUKWHY[VM[OL14ZOV\SKILÄSSLKI`[OL-PLSK3VNPZ[PJ*VVYKPUH[VY
in which he indicates :

8
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Reason for Journey/ Details of Load
Journey requested by
Departure from/ Final destination
Date and Time of departure/ Date and estimated time of arrival (ETA)
Route
Planned stops
Journey Manager Telephone number and any other means of
communication
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and additional preventive measures taken
Both, The Driver and the Field/Logistic Coordinator should respectively
sign in the bottom of each part of the JM

Seat belts

Do you fasten your seat belt every time you drive ? seat belt is what stands
between you and death. Here are some facts about seat belts :
Seat belts were designed in a way that gives the wearer a great amout of
freedom in movement in normal circumstances. In case of an accident,
[OLZOVJRÄ_[OLILS[^OPJOZ[LHK`[OLIVK`HUKRLLWP[PUP[ZWSHJL[O\Z
the belt prevents the driver or the passenger from being thrown out of the
vehicle and hitting the glass of the vehicle or the steering wheel.
The likelihood of the death of the driver or the passenger if he had an
accident and got tossed out of the car is 5 times more than the
probability of death wearing the seat belt. The driver who does not
fasten his seat belt could be tossed out of the vehicle, hit the road and
could be hit by other vehicle.
Vehicles accidents accur while driving at 40 km/h or less and in less
than 40km from the driver’s home. Whatever the speed or the place you
are driving in, always fasten your seat belt. To avoid forgetting such
behavior, put « fasten your seat belt » stickers on the steering wheel .

Feelings of anger on the road

Each driver has an innate readiness for anger when other driver commits a mistake
and expose him or others to risks on the road.However, the choice of how to
YLZWVUK [V [OPZ HJ[ PSS\Z[YH[LZ [OL KPɈLYLUJL IL[^LLU HJJLW[HISL HUK LYYH[PJ
behavior while driving.
The following are some examples of anger patterns on the road ranked by gravity :

9
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Accuse the other drivers verbally.
Making immoral gestures.
Shouting and yelling from the vehicle’s window or using the trumpet to
indicate displeasure.
Trying to punish other drivers by making dangerous maneuvers,
blocking and preventing other drivers from overtaking , tailgating to
force the driver to speed up or get out of the road and chasing to
terrorize them.
Force other vehicles to get out of the road.
Deliberately crash with other vehicles.
The attempt to physically harm other drivers.

The best way to avoid being provoked by drivers with agressive tendency
HUKIL[OLPY]PJP[TPZ[VMVSSV^[OL[YHɉJIHZPJZ!
Do not rush to go while the yellow signal is about to switch into red.
4HRLZ\YL[V[\YUKV^U[OLÅHZOPUNOLHKSPNO[Z[VKPT^OLUTLL[PUNH
coming vehicle or when approching from behind another vehicle.
If you must drive slowly, stick to the right side of the road an allow the
vehicle behind you to overtake you.
Avoid disturbing behavior such as loud music.
Do not hustle with other vehicle waiting for a parking spot.
Do not stop in the middle of the road to talk with a pedastrian, if you
notice an agressive behavior from another driver do not respond. Avoid
any contact with him and try to keep a distance between his vehicle and
yours as much as possible. In case you had a quarrel, do your utmost
to avoid any kind of dispute, be polite and behave gently unlike the
other driver.

Do not lose control of yourself and follow these guidelines to avoid anger
while driving :
Allocate more than enough time for your trip, it would relieve your
stress and increase your ability to tolerate the mistakes of others.
Create an emitting calm atmosphere inside your vehicle by setting a
calm and cool temperature, use the armrest to your lower back
vertebrae and so forth...
Adopt a rational approach in which you believe that the mistakes of
other drivers are not necessarily made against you on purpose.
Determine what kind of mistakes made by other drivers that will
make you nervous the most, and prepare in advance the appropriate
reactions to contend with. Assume the good will in other drivers, try
to be understandable to the mistakes of other drivers.

10
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Back troubles related to driving

Driving could be one of the bitterest enemies of your back. For a distance
exceeding 32 km, driving will contribute stir many painful back disorders,
these back troubles are multiplied for truckers and bus drivers, they often
spend many hours behind the wheel and then they unload their cargo, while
[OLPY IHJR T\ZJSLZ HYL Z[PSS VULYV\Z ;OL KYP]LY»Z IHJR JV\SK IL HK]LYZLS`
HɈLJ[LKHZHYLZ\S[VMZL]LYHSMHJ[VYZ!

The wrong sitting Vibrations resulting The non identical driver’s

position behind the from the movements seat design to the safety
wheel on the road and health standards

When driving follow these instructions :

Adjusting the driver’s seat is one of the most important means of
providing comfort to him, if you adjust the seat appropriately you will be
able to sit comfortably and control all the surrounding devices effectively.
Adjust the seat so you can provide strong support to the lower part of
your back, to achieve the best possible control of the vehicle.

11
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Lift the seat to the extent that makes you ensure sound vision from
above the steering wheel and engine cover and reveals the road in front
of you for a distance of 3.6 meters from the front of the vehicle.
At the same time you should be able to put your right foot comfortably
on the gas pedal and move it to the brake pedal easily ( in case of
manual transmission you should be able to put your left foot easily on
the clutch pedal).
In addition to that, you should hold the steering wheel with your left hand
in the form of the clock when it refers to 9 O’clock (imagine having a clock
in front of you) and hold with your right hand as if it indicates 3 O’clock.
Adjust the direction of the rear view mirror so that it enables you to sit on the
ZLH[^P[O`V\YIHJR\WYPNO[^OPJOHSSV^Z`V\[VYL]LHS[OL[YHMÄJILOPUK`V\
Adjust the headrest in the seat in a way that makes it touch the back of
your head and not the bottom of the skull( back of the neck), because
the failure to implement such behavior could and will cause serious
ijuries to the head in case of an accident. These guidelines ensure that
you drive as easy and convenient as possible, if followed properly they
will help you reduce back pain and grant you enough time to respond
PUKPMÄJ\S[ZP[\H[PVUZ

Instructions to stay vigilant and avoid drowsiness

Do not take heavy meals before driving and do not use open windows to stay
vigilant ( noise and air currents may increase the drowsiness if you are tired).
+V UV[ YLS` VU JHɈLPUL VY JOL^PUN N\T PU VYKLY [V Z[H` H^HRL PM `V\ HYL
already feeling sleepy (temporary solution and do not replace the need
for sleep). Do not smoke inside the vehicle because smoke could harm and
tire your eyes, do not drive after eating certain types of medications that
make you feel drowsy and pull over whenever you feel you need to sleep.
Follow the folowing directions :
:SLLWMVYHZ\MÄJPLU[WLYPVKPU[OLUPNO[ILMVYLKYP]PUN
Schedule your long trips in a way you are in full alertness (usually after
breakfast).
Plan to make regular stops, every time you stop walk, stretch, check
the vehicle, drink a cup of coffee or soda and if necessary take a quick
nap for 20 minutes.
Protect your eyes during the day using your sunglasses, try to keep a
comfortable atmosphere in the vehicle and avoid intense heat or cold
temperature.
Be sure that you are sitting appropriately in a way that makes your lower
back upright, overtired muscles increase the fatigue of the driver.

12
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Safety guidelines for driving at night

. According to 6$% rules, driving at night is prohibited

The following are some preventive tips when driving at night is necessary :
Make sure that headlights and rear lights are clean and work well.
Clean the glass of the vehicle from the inside and the outside before
starting the engine.
Give your eyes enough time to adjust with darkness (from 1 to 5
minutes).
Drive slowly, and reduce your speed to the third of normal speed in
daytime, this is the best way to compensate for poor visibility in the dark.
Leave at least 90 meters (200 feet) between you and the vehicle in front
because response time is longer at night.
Drive in a preventive manner and pay more attention at night, because
other drivers also suffer from poor vision.
Lit headlights at sunset so others can see you, use high headlights light
with caution and turn them low when you become at a distance of 90
meters (300 feet) from the vehicle in front of you.
In order to remain vigilant, take an overview of all the corners of the
road, open the window for fresh air and listen to the radio.
When you feel sleepy you must stop, look for a safe place away from
the road to park, get out of the vehicle and walk a little bit, have a cool
soda or take a snack, if you are still feeling sleepy take a nap, do not
drive when you feel sleepy.

Visibility at Night

100 % 75 % 45 % 30 %

40 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h 130 km/h

13
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
Going through a red light is dangerous !
Many crashes occur because drivers ignore the
red light signal and stop signs. Whether they
RUV^P[ZZPNUPÄJHUJLVYUV[THU`KYP]LYZZLLT
to be careless about red light signal. Sometimes,
some of them get lucky and go through red light
safely. But sometimes, they bear the
consequences of such behavior, where results
could be loss of life, physical disabilities and
painful injuries as well as the high costs of repair
concerning the vehicle.

The danger of mobile phone

Sitting behind the wheel requires the driver to be fully focused on the
application of defensive driving rules. Studies have shown that most of the
[YHɉJHJJPKLU[ZVJJ\YLK^OPSLKYP]LYZ^LYLI\Z`[HSRPUNVUTVIPSLWOVULZ
because they can not stop the vehicle from deviating outside the track
quickly when necessary. The following are the surrounding circumstances of
some accidents caused by the use of mobile phone while driving :
When attempting to use the mobile phone, and driving at high speed.
Drivers crossed intersections 4 or 5 seconds after red light, when
HZRLK[OL`Q\Z[PÄLKZ\JOILOH]PVYI`ZH`PUN[OH[[OL`KPKU»[UV[PJL[OL
L_PZ[LUJLVMH[YHMÄJZPNUHSH[[OLÄYZ[WSHJL
Drivers were exposed to collision when raising their hands off the
steering wheel while talking on the mobile phone due to an innate
behavior of waving with hands when speaking.

According to
6$% rules, the use of mobile phone while driving

is prohibited

14
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 How to act in situations

Situation Required actions

Vehicle accident In cities :

Contact the company management to send
an alternative vehicle
+VUV[LUNHNLPUÄNO[ZVYOHZZSLZ

Vehicle accident Out :

Contact the company management to send
an alternative vehicle
+VUV[LUNHNLPUÄNO[ZVYOHZZSLZ

Vehicle breakdown 0UJP[PLZ!

.L[H^H`MYVT[OL[YHɉJ
Try to repair
Contact company

0U\UPUOHIP[LKHYLHZ!
Get away from the road
Try to repair
Contact company to provide a safe car

3VZ[[OLYVHK During the day :

;Y`[VÄUKHU`N\PKHUJLWVPU[Z
Try to return the same way

15
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Check the road map
Contact the company
Provide drinking water
;OLWYLZLUJLVMÄYZ[HPKIHN

During the night :

;Y`[VÄUKHU`N\PKHUJLWVPU[Z
Try to return the same way
Check the road map
Contact the company
Provide drinking water
;OLWYLZLUJLVMÄYZ[HPKIHN

Exposure to violence .\UZOV[Z!

Increase speed
Change direction
Inform authorities
Contact company

([[HJRI`\URUV^!
Peaceful negotiation
+VUV[LUNHNLPUHÄNO[
To obey (in case of theft under threat)
Inform authorities
;VZZPUN^P[OZ[VULZ!
Avoidance
Increase speed
Change direction
Report

)SVJRLK^H`!
Do not try to remove the barriers
Change direction
Report

Rush hour Find an alternative route

avoidance

;YHɉJWVSPJLTLU Follow instructions and avoid any kind of

stubbornness discussion
inform the company

16
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Situations inside Injuries :
the vehicle First aid bag
The nearest hospital or medical point
Inform the company

Sudden illness :
The nearest hospital or medical point
Inform the company

Natural disasters Heavy rain :

Cautious driving
Slow speed

Lack of vision :
Turn on fog lights
Pull over away from the road

Floods :
Go to safe and high places
Use the surface of the vehicle

Earthquakes :
Go away to places far away from buildings or high
Voltage lines or gas lines or power plants.

17
6$%FRS\ULJKW犈犆犇犌DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
 Defensive Driving

ADDRESS:Al*GRSG-[RL*XORROTM)U
Olaya, Al-Khobar 31952,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
燦YZLRUUX'*)([ORJOTM6XOTIK9[RZGT9Z

PHONE: +966 13 899 1005,

65(U^ 燬燮燬燥燬'R1NUHGX燨燦燮燪燧

FAX : +966 13 894 2311

1OTMJUSUL9G[JO'XGHOG

EMAIL: [email protected]
燮燫燫燦燨燭燭燦燧燪燮燮+^Z 燧燧燧
燮燫燫燦燨燭燭燦燧燫燥燧
-
[email protected]