2612021 ‘WIKIPEDIA. James Roosevelt James Roosevelt - Wikipedia James Roosevelt II!) (December 23, 1907 — August 13, 1991) was an American businessman, Marine, activist, and Democratic Party politician. The oldest son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt, he received the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism while serving as a Marine Corps officer during World War II. He served as an official Secretary to the President and in the United States House of Representatives representing California. Contents Early life Politics and the White House Hollywood Military career World War Il Military awards Navy Cross citation Silver Star citation Battle stars Post-war career Later controversy Family and marriages Death Dates of rank See also References Notes Bibliography External links Early life Roosevelt was born in New York City at 123 East 36th Street. He attended the Potomac School and St. Albans School in Washington, D.C., and the Groton School in Massachusetts. At Groton, he rowed and played football, and was a prefect in his senior year. After graduation in 1926, he attended Harvard tps son wikipedia orgikittames, Roosevelt James Roosevelt II Roosevelt in 1937 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 26th district In office January 3, 1955 — September 30, 1965 Preceded by Sam Yorty Succeeded by Thomas M, Rees Chairman of the California Democratic Party In office July 21, 1946 — August 8, 1948 Secretary to the President In office July 1937 — November 1938 President Franklin D. Roosevelt Preceded by Louis McHenry Howe Succeeded by Marvin H. Mointyre Personal details Born James Roosevelt I December 23, 1907 New York City, New York, US. August 13, 1991 (aged 83) Died snoaresr0001 Jomes Roosevel- Wikipedia College, where he rowed with the freshman and junior varsity crews. At Harvard he followed family traditions, joining the Signet Society and Hasty Pudding Club, of which both his father and his maternal granduncle and paternal fifth cousin once removed, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, had been Spouse(s) members, as well as the Fly Club, which his father had joined, and Institute of the 1770, He graduated from Harvard in 1930 and was elected permanent treasurer of his class.{2) After graduation, Roosevelt enrolled in the Boston University School of Law. He also took a sales job with the firm of Victor De Gerard of Boston in 1930, remaining with that firm when it amalgamated with the John Paulding Meade Company which, in turn, amalgamated with O'Brion, Russell and Company in 1932. Roosevelt was so successful, that within one year, he had children abandoned his law studies. In 1932 he started his own insurance agency, Roosevelt & Sargent, in partnership with John A. Sargent. As president of Roosevelt & Sargent, he made a substantial fortune (about $500,000, or more than $9 million in 2018 dollars). He resigned from the firm in 1937, when he officially went to work in the White House, but retained his half ownership. He was also elected a director of Boston Metropolitan Buildings, Inc. in 1933. Roosevelt also served. briefly as president of the National Grain Yeast Corporation from May to November 1935.!31 Alma mater Politics and the White House Roosevelt attended the 1924 Democratic National Convention | Allegiance where he served, in his words, as his father's "page and prop". In 1928, he and some Harvard classmates campaigned for Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith. In 1932, he headed FDR's Massachusetts campaign; he made about two hundred campaign speeches that year. Though FDR lost the | Years of Massachusetts Democratic primary (to Smith), he easily carried | service Massachusetts in the November election. James Roosevelt was viewed as his father’s political deputy in Massachusetts, allocating patronage in alliance with Boston mayor James | Unit Michael Curley. He was also a delegate from Massachusetts to | commands the Constitutional Convention for the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Roosevelt was a close protege of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. In fall 1933, the two journeyed to England to obtain the market in post-prohil controversial business ventures were aided by Kennedy, including his maritime insurance interests, and the National Political party Parents Relatives Branchiservice Rank Battlesiwars ion liquor imports] Many of Roosevelt's | awards Newport Beach, California, U.S. Democratic Betsey Maria Cushing (m, 1930; div, 1940) Romelle Theresa ‘Schneider (m, 1941; div, 1955) Gladys Irene Kitchenmaster Owens (m, 1956; div, 1969) Mary Winskill (m. 1969) 7, including: Sara Delano Roosevelt James Roosevelt Il Franklin Delano Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Roosevelt family Harvard University (AB) Boston University Military service United States of America United States Marine Corps Reserve 1936-1959 Brigadier General 2nd Raider Battalion 4th Raider Battalion World War I * Battle of Makin + Battle of Okinawa Navy Cross Silver Star Grain Yeast Corp. affair (1933-35). Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr. threatened to resign ‘unless FDR forced James to leave the latter company, suspected of being a front for bootlegging.4] James Roosevelt was instrumental in securing Kennedy's hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt ppointment as ambassador to the United 202612024 James Roosevelt - Wikipedia Kingdom.|5! In April 1936, Presidential Secretary Louis Howe died. James Roosevelt unofficially assumed Howe's duties.{3] goon after the 1936 re-election of FDR, James Roosevelt was given a direct commission as a lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps, which caused public controversy for its obvious political implications. He accompanied his father to the Inter-American Conference at Buenos Aires in December as a military aide. On January 6, 1937, he was officially appointed "administrative assistant to the President"; on July 1, 1937, he was appointed secretary to the president.!2) He became White House coordinator for eighteen federal agencies in October 1937. James Roosevelt was considered among his father’s most important counselors. Time magazine suggested he might be considered "Assistant President of the United States".[31 In July 1938, there were allegations that James Roosevelt had used his political position to steer lucrative business to his insurance firm. He had to publish his income tax returns and denied these allegations in an NBC broadcast and an interview in Collier's magazine. became known as the Jimmy's Got It affair after Alva Johnston's reportage in the Saturday Evening Post. Roosevelt resigned from his White House position in November 1938.16] Hollywood After leaving the White House in November 1938, Roosevelt moved to Hollywood, California, where he first accepted a job as a $750/week administrative assistant for motion picture producer Samuel Goldwyn. He was on Goldwyn's payroll until November 1940. In 1939 he set up "Globe Productions”, a company to produce short films for penny arcades, but the company was liquidated in 1944 while James ‘was on active duty with the Marine Corps.l2] Roosevelt also produced the film Pot o' Gold and distributed the British film Pastor Hall. During his Hollywood period, Roosevelt became involved with Joseph Schenck, a movie mogul who was later caught participating in a payoff scheme that was intended to buy peace with movie industry labor unions./I[8] Tn 1942, Schenck pleaded guilty to one count of perjury and spent four months in prison before being paroled.!9] In October 1945, Harry S. Truman granted Schenck a presidential pardon, a fact which did not become known to the public until 1947.91 Military career World War II broke out in Europe in September 1939; the following month Roosevelt resigned the Marine commission as a lieutenant colonel that he had received in 1936 when serving as his father's military aide, and accepted a commission as a captain in the Marine Corps Reserve so that he could enter active duty, which he did in November 1940. In April 1941, President Roosevelt sent James Roosevelt on a secret, world-circling diplomatic mission to assure numerous governments that the United States would soon be in the war. The leaders contacted included Chiang Kai-shek in China, King Farouk in Egypt, and King George of Greece. During this trip, Roosevelt came under German air attack in both Crete and Iraq. In the African/Middle Eastern portion of the mission, he traveled with Britain's Lord Mountbatten as far as Bathurst in the Gambia. They reported on trans-African air ferry conditions, an important concern of FDR and Winston Churchill at the time.!J02] In August, Roosevelt joined the staff of William J. Donovan, coordinator of information, with the job of working out the exchange of information with other agencies.{2] tps son wikipedia orgikittames, Roosevelt sno2612024 James Roosevelt - Wikipedia World War Il After Japan's Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt was seated next to his father when the President delivered his Infamy Speech. He requested assignment to combat duty and was transferred to the Marine Raiders in January 1942, a new Marine Corps commando force, and became second-in- command of the 2nd Raider Battalion under Evans Carlson (Carlson's Raiders) whom Roosevelt knew when Carlson commanded the Marine detachment at the Warm Springs, Georgia, residence of Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt's influence helped win presidential backing for the Raiders—influenced by the British Commandos—which were opposed by Marine Corps traditionalists. Despite occasionally debilitating health problems, Roosevelt served with the 2nd Raiders at Midway as a major in early June 1942 and in the Makin Island raid on August 17-18, 1942, where he and 22 others were awarded the Navy Cross. In October, he was given command of the new 4th Raiders, but during training for an upcoming combat operation he became ill enough to be hospitalized in February 1943.3! Beginning in August 1943, he served in various staff positions during the rest of the war. He was attached to and landed with the U.S. Army's 165th Regimental Combat Team, 27th infantry Division during the invasion of Makin on November 20-23, and was awarded the Silver Star by the army.!"4] He was promoted to colonel on April 13, 1944. He was released from active duty in August 1945 and was placed on the inactive list in October 1945. That same month he became a Compatriot of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Roosevelt continued in the Marine Corps Reserve, and retired on a Roosevelt as a Marine Corps lieutenant colonel in World War Il James Roosevelt visiting Degania, Palestine, 1941 October 1, 1959, with the advanced rank of brigadier general.'"#) Roosevelt suffered from flat feet, and while other Marines were required to wear boots, he was allowed to wear sneakers.{15] Military awards Roos welt's military decorations and awards include: Navy Cross Silver Star Medal ‘American Defense Service Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal Delense Sen ‘American Campaign Medal Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon World War II Victory Medal ‘wi service star tps son wikipedia orgikittames, Roosevelt wi four service stars Philippine Liberation Medal wi service star 4n02612024 James Roosevelt - Wikipedia Navy Cross citation The Navy Cross is presented to James Roosevelt, Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service as second in command of the Second Marine Raider Battalion against enemy Japanese armed forces on Makin island. Risking his own life over and above the ordinary call of duty, Major Roosevelt continually exposed himself to intense machine-gun and sniper fire to ensure effective control of operations from the command post. As a result of his successful maintenance of communications with his supporting vessels, two enemy surface ships, whose presence was reported, were destroyed by gun fire. Later during evacuation, he displayed exemplary courage in personally rescuing three men from drowning in the heavy surf. His gallant conduct and his inspiring devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.|!4] For the President, Chester W. Nimitz er Star citation ‘The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star (Army Award) to Lieutenant Colonel James R. Roosevelt (MCSN: 0-5477), United States Marine Corps, for gallantry in action at Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands, 20 to 23 November 1943. Attached as an observer to the units of the 27th Infantry Division which effected the landing on Makin Atoll, Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt voluntarily sought out the scenes of the heaviest fighting. Throughout the three- day period, he continually accompanied the leading elements of the assault, exposing himself to constant danger. His calmness under fire and presence among the foremost elements of the attacking force was a source of inspiration to all ranks. General Orders: Headquarters, U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area, General Orders No. 55 (1944) (26) Battle stars LtCol Roosevelt was entitled to campaign participation credit (ie., the "battle stars" worn on the Asiatic- Pacific Campaign Medal) for the following actions: « Battle of Midway, June 3-6, 1942 (Navy P-7) * Capture and Defense of Guadalcanal, August 10, 1942 - February 8, 1943 (Navy P-9) » Makin Raid, August 17-18, 1942 (Navy P-10) » Eastern Mandates November 1943 — January 1944 (Army, for Makin) Post-war career hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt 5110aresr0001 Jomes Roosevel- Wikipedia After World War II, Roosevelt returned to live in California. He rejoined Roosevelt and Sargent as an executive vice president, and established the company's office in Los Angeles. In 1946 he became chairman of the board of Roosevelt and Haines, successor to Roosevelt and Sargent. He later became president of Roosevelt and Company, Inc. On July 21, 1946, Roosevelt became chairman of the California State Democratic Central Committee. He also began making daily radio broadcasts of political commentary. Like his brother Elliott, James Roosevelt was prominent in the movement to draft Dwight Eisenhower as the Democratic candidate for president in 1948. When President ‘Truman was renominated instead, Roosevelt stepped down as state chairman on August 8. He remained a Democratic National Committeeman until 1952.!21 In 1950, Roosevelt was the Democratic candidate for Governor of California, but lost to Republican incumbent Earl Warren by almost 30% of the votes.16] In 1954, Roosevelt was elected U.S. Representative from California's 26th congressional district, a heavily Demox district.“°] He was re-elected to five additional terms and served from 1955 to 1965, resigning during his sixth term. Roosevelt was one of the first politicians to denounce the tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy. He was also the only representative to vote against appropriating funds for the House Un-American Activities Committee. In April 1965, Roosevelt ran for Mayor of Los Angeles, challenging incumbent Sam Yorty, but lost in the primary. l16] He resigned from Congress in October 1965, 10 months into his sixth term, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him a delegate to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Roosevelt resigned from UNESCO in December 1966, and retired to become an executive of the Investors Overseas Service (IOS) in Geneva, Switzerland.21 Roosevelt joined the IOS despite the overseas firm's concurrent investigation by the SEC for numerous irregularities. In Geneva in May 1969, during the unraveling of IOS, Roosevelt's third wife, Irene Owens, stabbed him "eight times" with his "own Marine combat knife""7] while he was preparing divorce proceedings.""8] when fugitive financier Robert Vesco obtained control of IOS from Bernie Cornfeld and absconded with approximately $200 million, Roosevelt initially stayed on under Vesco. Roosevelt later wrote that "As soon as I saw the situation for what it was, in 1971, I resigned my position."""9! However, this episode resulted in federal charges being laid against Roosevelt and several others, and in a Swiss arrest warrant. Roosevelt returned to California, settling in Newport Beach, and charges were dropped. He became associated with the Nixon Administration in several capacities and remained friendly with Richard Nixon until his death.20) Despite having been a liberal Democrat all of his life, Roosevelt joined Democrats for Nixon and publicly supported President Nixon's 1972 re-election, 2"! and also supported Ronald Reagan in 1980!22! and 1984.23) His writings include Affectionately, FDR (with Sidney Shalett, 1959) and My Parents, a Differing View (with Bill Libby, 1976). The latter was written in part as a response to his brother Elliott Roosevelt's book An Untold Story, which told of FDR's marital issues and was fiercely repudiated by the other siblings. He authored the novel A Family Matter (with Sam Toperoff, 1979), and edited The Liberal Papers, published in 1962. Later controversy hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt a0aresr0001 James Roosevel- Wikipedia In the 1980s, a non-profit organization established by Roosevelt, the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare, and its associated political action committee, were investigated by the House Ways and Means Committee for questionable money-raising practices, and by the Post Office for mail fraud. By direct mail, Roosevelt's group solicited contributions from elderly persons by claiming that Social Security and Medicare programs were in financial jeopardy. Roosevelt also urged contributors to order their Social Security statements of earnings from his group (these are free from the government. )[24Il25] Family and marriages His first marriage was in 1930 to philanthropist Betsey Maria Cushing (1909-1998), the middle daughter of surgeon Harvey Williams Cushing and Katharine Stone Crowell. James and Betsey had two daughters, Sara (b. 1932) and Kate (b. 1936), before divorcing in 1940. James married his nurse Romelle Therese Schneider (1915-2002) the next year. They had three children, James (b. 1945), Michael Anthony (b. 1947), and Anna Eleanor "Anne" (b. 1948). They were divorced in 1956. In 1956, he married Gladys Irene Kitchenmaster Owens (1916-1987),!25 his receptionist, and they had a son together named Halll Delano (called "Del") in 1959. They were divorced in 1969. He married his fourth wife, Mary Winskill (b. 1939), teacher to his youngest son "Del", in 1969. They had one daughter, Rebecca Mary, in 1971.!271 Death Roosevelt died in Newport Beach, California, in 1991 of complications arising from a stroke and Parkinson's disease. He was 83 and was the last surviving child of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. Dates of rank SW, Lestenan coon, Unite States Marine Cops: 996 BER) cota, unites stats warn Corps Reser: Novenber 140 & Majo, United Stats Marine Corps Reson’ June 1940 Colonel, United States Marine Corps Reserve: April 13, 1944 ZT Brigadier Genera, United States Marine Corps Reserve: October 1, 1959 ( See also « Elliott Roosevelt « Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. = Anna Eleanor Roosevelt hips sen wikipedia orgikilames, Roosevelt mo2612024 James Roosevelt - Wikipedia = John Aspinwall Roosevelt I! References Notes 1, Maier, Thomas (October 21, 2014) "The Secret Boozy Deals of a Kennedy, a Churchill, and a Roosevelt” (http://time. com/3529756/kennedy-churchill-roosevelt-investment-deal/) Time 2. "James Roosevelt Papers" (http://www fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/pdfs/findingaids/findingaid_roos _james.pdf) (PDF). Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Retrieved 2009-05-09 3, "Modern Mercury” (http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,931070,00.html). TIME. February 28, 1938. Retrieved August 10, 2009. Roosevelt, J. My Parents, p. 231 Hansen, pp. 399-401 Hansen, p. 90 Muscio, Giulana (1997). Hollywood's New Deal (https://books.google.com/books?id=SheCbLFdwpo C&pg=PA47). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-56639-495-6 8, "Hollywood Star Walk: Joseph Schenck" (http://projects.latimes. com/hollywood/star-walk/joseph-sch enck/). Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. October 23, 1961, Retrieved April 5, 2018. 9. “Hollywood Star Walk: Joseph Schenck". 10. "Given Pardon" (https:/mww.newspapers.com/image/75064447/). Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. Associated Press. January 3, 1947. p. 14 — via Newspapers.com. 11, Roosevelt, J., My Parents, pp, 258-265 12, "Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR (Deceased)" (http://www. mcu.usme.mil/historydivision/ Pages/Who's%20Who/P-Riroosevelt_j.aspx). Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved November 13, 2015 13, "BGen James Roosevelt” (http://www. mcu.usme.mil/historydivision/Pages/Who's%20Who/P-Riroose velt_j.aspx) 14, “WW2 Gyrene Photo Album page 33" (http:/www.ww2gyrene.org/photoalbum_33.htm) 15, Altobello, Brian Into the Shadows Furious: The Brutal Battie for New Georgia, Novato, California: Presidio Press, 2000, ISBN 0-89141-717-6. p.76 46. Our Campaigns — Candidate - James Roosevelt (http:/mww.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.ht mI?CandidatelD=20564) Accessed June 13, 2013 17. Roosevelt, J.: My Parents, pp. 319-320 18. "House Fire Victim Found to Be Gladys Roosevelt, 70" (https://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-11/new s/mn-6321_1_hall-delano-roosevelt). Los Angeles Times. June 11, 1987. 19, Roosevelt, J.: My Parents, p. 356 20. Hansen, pp. 626-628 21. "Reading Eagle — Google News Archive Search" (https://news.google.com/newspapers ?nid=1955&d at=197208298id=mHpYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6470,5688526). 22. "Lodi News-Sentinel — Google News Archive Search" (https://news. google. com/newspapers?id=KBc ZAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659, 7154351 &dq=james-roosevelt#ronald-reagan&hi=en). 23. "The Telegraph-Herald - Google News Archive Search" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tM RFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3327,9408658dq=james-roosevell+reagan&hl=en) 24, Hansen, pp. 661-662 Noose hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt a02612024 James Roosevelt - Wikipedia 25. Rosenblatt, Robert A. "Committee Headed by James Roosevelt Under Investigation” (https:/articles.| atimes.com/1987-03-10/localime-5709_1_james-roosevelt-s-national-committee). Los Angeles Times (March 10, 1987) 26, "House Fire Victim Found to Be Gladys Roosevelt, 70" (https://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-11/new s/mn-6321_1_hall-delano-roosevelt). Los Angeles Times. June 11, 1987. 27. Roosevelt, J.: My Parents, passim Bibliography * Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR (http:/Avww.tecom.usme.mil/ HD/Whos_Who/Roosevelt _J.htm), Who's Who in Marine Corps History, History Division, United States Marine Corps + New York Times obituary (https://query.nytimes. com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DE133BF937A25 75BCOA967958260) + United States Congress. "James Roosevelt (id: R000426)" (http://bioguide. congress.gov/scripts/biodi splay p!?index=R000426). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008- 07-08 * Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR (https://archive s/20060506064957/http://www.melm.c om/tohonor/jroosevelt, htm!) — Marine Corps Legacy Museum + Hansen, Chris. Enfant Terrible: The Times and Schemes of General Elliott Roosevelt. Tucson: Able Baker Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0615-66892-5 » Roosevelt, James. Affectionately, F.D.R. Hearst/Avon Division, New York, 1959. (w. Sidney Shalett) OCLC 774419 (https:/www.worldcat. org/oclc/774419) + Roosevelt, James. My Parents: A Differing View. Playboy Press, Chicago, 1976. (w. Bill Libby) ISBN 0872234762 External links » Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Museum (http:/www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/) « James Roosevelt (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0740484/) at IMDb * Guide to the James Roosevelt Papers, 1941 MS 412 (http://www.usna.edull ibrary/sca/findingaids/ro osevelt/index.htm|) held by Special Collection & Archives (http:/vww.usna.edu/Library/sca/), Nimitz Library (http://www.usna.edulLibrary/) at the United States Naval Academy (http://www.usna.edu) «A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with James Roosevelt” (https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.ar ¢.95947) is available at the Internet Archive + James Roosevelt (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8509) at Find a Grave » Newspaper clippings about James Roosevelt (http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/014943) in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW U.S. House of Representatives Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 26th congressional district 1955-1965 Preceded by Sam Yorty Succeeded by Thomas M. Rees Democratic nominee for Governor of California 1950 Preceded by Earl Warren Succeeded by Richard P. Graves hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt 902612021 James Roosevelt- Wikipedia Retrieved from “https://en.wikipedia.org/wlindex.php tit james_Rooseveltéoldi \008972899" This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 01:31 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization, hips son wikipedia orgikttames, Roosevelt 10110