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Qualitative Test For Lipids

This document describes qualitative tests for various lipids. It lists materials and chemicals used, and provides details on methods for testing solubility of coconut oil and palmitic acid, testing for unsaturated lipids using olive oil, corn oil and coconut oil, and other tests including the Acrolein test, modified Furter-Meyer test and Salkowski test. Results are provided confirming properties of lipids like solubility in organic solvents but not water. The conclusion restates that lipids have different structures and properties.

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Christopher Galivo
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253 views3 pages

Qualitative Test For Lipids

This document describes qualitative tests for various lipids. It lists materials and chemicals used, and provides details on methods for testing solubility of coconut oil and palmitic acid, testing for unsaturated lipids using olive oil, corn oil and coconut oil, and other tests including the Acrolein test, modified Furter-Meyer test and Salkowski test. Results are provided confirming properties of lipids like solubility in organic solvents but not water. The conclusion restates that lipids have different structures and properties.

Uploaded by

Christopher Galivo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PANTOJA, ARIEL S.

1-Y2-12
BS NURSING

QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR LIPIDS

Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds, including fats, oils, steroids, waxes, and
related compounds, which are related more by their physical than by their chemical properties.
Lipids are a class of compounds distinguished by their insolubility in water and solubility in
non polar solvents. Lipids are important in biological systems because they form the cell
membrane, a mechanical barrier that divides a cell from the external environment. Non polar
lipids, such as triglycerides, are used for energy storage and fuel. Polar lipids, which can form a
barriers with an external water environment, are used in membranes. Polar lipids include
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Fatty acids are important components of all of these
lipids. Lipids have the common property of being relatively insoluble in water and soluble in
nonpolar solvents such as ether and chloroform. They are important dietary constituents not
only because of their high energy value but also because of the fat-soluble vitamins and the
essential fatty acids contained in the fat of natural foods.

MATERIALS
- Droppers/ Graduated cylinder
- Hot Bath
- Spatula
- Test tube holder
- Test tube & Test Racks
CHEMICALS
- Olive Oil - Butyl Alcohol
- Coconut Oil - Nitric Acid
- Corn Oil
- Cholesterol
- Sulfuric Acid
- Palmitic acid
- Distilled water
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Ethanol
- Chloroform
- Diethyl Ether
- Glycerol
- Paraffin Oil
- Potassium Bisulfate
- Beeswax
- Vitamin E
METHODS

Solubility Test I (Coconut Oil)


- Fats are soluble in organic solvents like chloroform, alcohol, etc. It is insoluble in water.
So, if the given sample forms an oily layer above the surface of the water then fat is
present. Partially soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in chloroform than the presence of
fat is confirmed.

Solubility Test II ( Palmitic Acid)


- The solubility of the palmitic acid increased in azeotropic mixtures compared to the pure
solvents, except for the ethanol−trichloroethylene mixture where the solubility was similar to the
one in pure trichloroethylene.

Unsaturated ( Olive Oil, Corn Oil, Coconut Oil)


- Olive oil and Methylene fluoride is added dropwise with bromine solution to record the
number of drops required until the bromine color is no longer decolorized and instantly
repeat the test using corn oil and coconut oil as the sample lipids.

Acrolein Test
- Acryline test a pinch of potassium bisulfate is added to two drops of each of glycerol
coconut oil paraffin oil and beeswax each sample is heated until the odor of acrolein is
formed.

Modified Furter-Mever Test


- Milliliter Sample of vitamin e solution is heated in a water bath until a color change is
developed. A bronze red color is specific for tocopherols.

Salkowski Test
- Place two milliliter of cholesterol that has been dissolved in chloroform in a test tube add
equals amounts of concentrated sulfuric acid shake gently the upper layer turns red and
is indicative of a positive result
DATA
Fats are soluble in organic solvents like chloroform, alcohol, etc. It is insoluble in water. So, if
the given sample forms an oily layer above the surface of the water then fat is present. Partially soluble in
alcohol and fully soluble in chloroform than the presence of fat is confirmed. The solubility of the
palmitic acid increased in azeotropic mixtures compared to the pure solvents, except for the
ethanol−trichloroethylene mixture where the solubility was similar to the one in pure trichloroethylene.
Live oil and Methylene fluoride is added dropwise with bromine solution to record the number of drops
required until the bromine color is no longer decolorized and instantly repeat the test using corn oil and
coconut oil as the sample lipids. Acryline test a pinch of potassium bisulfate is added to two drops of each
of glycerol coconut oil paraffin oil and beeswax each sample is heated until the odor of acrolein is
formed. Place two milliliter of cholesterol that has been dissolved in chloroform in a test tube equals
amounts of concentrated sulfuric acid shake gently the upper layer turns red and is indicative of a positive
result.

ANALYSIS
Lipids have the common property of being relatively insoluble in water and soluble in
nonpolar solvents such as ether and chloroform. They are important dietary constituents not
only because of their high energy value but also because of the fat-soluble vitamins and the
essential fatty acids contained in the fat of natural foods.

CONCLUSION
Lipids are simple, complex or derived. Simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with various
alcohols, e.g., fats (esters of fatty acids with glycerol) and waxes (esters of fatty acids with
higher molecular weight of monohydric alcohols). Complex lipids are esters of fatty acids
containing groups in addition to alcohol and fatty acid, e.g., phospholipids or glycolipids etc.
Derived lipids include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone
bodies, lipid soluble vitamins, and hormones.

REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J2t5FRnMtM&feature=youtu.be

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