Age of Steam Ships

Stories and history of all

50 vessels which sail in TransAtlantic

compiled by Mac Gerdts

and translated with help of Ralph H. Anderson
 legendary Tea Race, in which a prize was as a tramp ship with various cargoes, the
awarded for the first delivery of the new CUTTY SARK was finally famous for her
harvest from China to London each year. wool transports around Cape Horn in 1885.
In 1866 she was only 20 minutes after the As the fastest sailing ship of her size and
winner at the East India Docks in London. time, she set several records and finally beat
This was the tightest of all the Tea Races her old rival THER-MOPYLAE. Having been
and enjoyed keen media and public interest sold to Portugal and renamed FERREIRA in
due to betting on the possible winner. On 1895 as a desolate cargo ship, she entered
her third trip, she reached London with a the port of Falmouth because of a storm in
SCOTIA THERMOPYLAE
load of 554,076 kilos of tea after a trip of 1922 and was recognized by retired sea
only 99 days, which resulted in a sizable captain Wilfred Dowman, who had held her
1862: The SCOTIA was commissioned in
profit compared to her construction and 1868: The THERMOPYLAE was a British tea in high esteem as a ship‘s boy. He bought
1862 as the last paddle-wheel steamer of
operating costs. During a voyage from clipper with a length of 88.4 meters, a width her from the Portuguese owner and restored
the Cunard Line. In 1863 the ship won the
London to Sydney, the ship was lost in 1872 of 11.7 meters and a draft of 6.8 meters. The her to the original state. In 1954 the CUTTY
prestigious Blue Riband award for the fastest
after rounding the Cape of Good Hope in the height of the grand mast was 52 meters. On SARK was transferred to Greenwich, where
transatlantic passage between Europe and
Southern Ocean without survivors. long distances, she was considered one of she was made accessible as a museum
New York. It held the award, in both
the fastest ships of her time. In 1872 she ship in 1957. During conservation work
directions, for several years. The SCOTIA
started the same day as the CUTTY SARK in 2007, the ship‘s hull was extensively
appears in Jules Verne’s novel 20,000 Miles
in Shanghai and reached London a week damaged in a fire. Fortunately, about half
under the Sea when Captain Nemo
before her. In 1896 she was acquired by of the ship‘s equipment and the teak saved
accidentally rammed her with his submarine
the Portuguese navy, annexed to a barque, for restoration purposes had not yet been
The Nautilus. In 1879 the SCOTIA was
and served under the name PEDRO NUNES installed. Therefore, a complete restoration
converted into a cable ship. The paddle
as a sailor school ship. After lingering many was still possible. The CUTTY SARK was
wheels were removed and replaced by two
years as a hulk, she was sunk off Cascais reopened in 2012 in the presence of Queen
propellers, and two cable tanks were
(Portugal) in 1907. Elizabeth II.
installed in place of cargo compartments.
The SCOTIA was one of the busiest cable
LEANDER
ships in history laying cables in all of the
oceans of the world. She ran hard aground
on a reef near Guam in 1904, broke in two 1867: The LEANDER was a particularly
and sank in the Pacific. slim and easy-going clipper. Until 1871 she
sailed as a tea clipper between China and
London, then until 1879 between China and
New York. In the 1890s she was converted
to become a barque. Her last owner was
Seyed Youssouf bin Ahmed Zuwawee of CUTTY SARK ABYSSINIA
Oman, who renamed the ship in 1898 in
NUSROOL MUJEED. In 1901 the ship was
finally scrapped. 1869: The CUTTY SARK was first used in 1870: The British Cunard steamship
the tea trade with China until 1877, but could company used the ABYSSINIA for
never win any of the famous Tea Races. passenger traffic from Liverpool to New
ARIEL York. She was one of five new iron express
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869,
the tea trade was increasingly taken over steamers for the weekly North Atlantic
1865: The China Clipper ARIEL had a by steamships, which significantly shortened service. At 110.78 meters long and 12.86
reduced load capacity in favor of higher the journey time from Shanghai to England meters wide, the ship had a chimney,
speed and was designed to win the through the Suez Canal. After a hard time three masts, and reached a top speed of

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13 knots. In 1880, the ABYSSINIA was commissioned its passenger ships. The made her maiden voyage from Liverpool EILIAN on a night in November 1878 near
acquired by the Guion Line and later put four-cylinder steam engines delivered 600 via Queens-town to New York. In May 1872, Folkestone. The sailing ship, which was la-
on long-term charter to Canada in 1887, HP and brought the steamer to a speed with an aver-age speed of 14.5 knots, she ter blamed for the accident, hit the steamer
where it introduced a steamship service for of over 14 knots. It was very comfortable won the Blue Riband of the North Atlantic, amidships on the starboard side. The POM-
the Canadian Pacific Railway in the Pacific. and much more luxurious than most of the that had previ-ously been held by Cunard‘s MERANIA remained above water about 20
In this way, the transport of goods across steamships of its time. The interior walls SCOTIA for several years. In 1884, new minutes, but many passengers drowned in
the Atlantic to Canada by ship, crossing were covered with damask and decorated accommodation rooms were installed for an attempt to save their valuables from the
Canada by rail, and from Canada to the Far with gold leaf and lots of teak wood. She second class passengers of the second cabins. The disaster on POMMERANIA cal-
East could be extended by ship again. For served for transatlantic passenger and mail class that had not existed on the ship before. led for 48 deaths. Its wreck is located about
the trip from Vancouver to Yokohama, the traffic between Liverpool and New York. On The ADRIATIC was involved in several 25 meters deep off the coast of Kent and is
ABYSSINIA needed only 13 days and thus April 1, 1873, the ATLANTIC had to shorten collisions. One occurred in December 1875 now a popular destination for sports divers.
set a new transpacific speed record. When a regular crossing to New York because when she collided off the coast of Ireland
the Canadian Pacific Railway built three new of a coal shortage and headed for Halifax with a sailing ship that immediately sank with
larger ships in 1891, the ABYSSINIA was in Canada. Near the coast, she bounced all 30 people on board. When the White Star
handed back to the Guion Line and was to against an underwater reef at around 2 am, Line launched its new OCEANIC in 1899,
be deployed on its old route Liverpool-New Rescue boats were quickly brought to sea, the ADRIATIC was finally sold and scrapped.
York. On the 18th of December 1891, the but most of them were pushed away by the
steamship was off the coast of Nova Scotia heavy sea or crashed against the rocks. The
(Canada), when a fire broke out in one of force of the high waves lifted the ship several
the storage rooms, which quickly got out times and threw it repeatedly against the
of control. The captain gave order to leave cliffs flushing many people into the sea. After GERMANIC
the vessel, and an approaching passenger the fifth impact, the ATLANTIC capsized and
steamer was able to rescue all passengers sank. A total of 545 people died during the
and crewmembers. Since the fire broke out in demise, including all women on board and 1874: On July 15, 1874, the GERMANIC was
a room where large amounts of cotton were all children except one. Only 412 people launched at Harland & Wolff. In the summer
stored, the incident sparked controversy as survived, including almost all crewmembers. of 1875, with a speed of 14.65 knots, she
In the investigation commission’s final report POMMERANIA won the Blue Riband of the Atlantic and im-
to whether passengers and cotton should
be transported on the same ship. criticized the ATLANTIC for leaving Liverpool proved her record in April 1876. In 1895, the
with too little coal. Today, a memorial site 1873: The POMMERANIA belonged to the GER-MANIC received an extra deck during
commemorates the event that until then was Hammonia Class of the Hamburg-Amerika- a con-version and her chimneys were exten-
the most severe sea accident on the North Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG). ded so that their tonnage increased to 5,066
Atlantic. This ship class, of which a total of eleven GRT. In 1899 the ship capsized in New York,
ships were built at Caird & Company in Gree- while being loaded with coal, but returned to
nock until 1874, was HAPAG‘s second gene- service after recovery and repair. In 1905 the
ration of steamships and allowed the creation Dominion Line purchased the ship for their
of a weekly service between Hamburg and Liverpool Montreal service and renamed her
New York between May and October in- OTTAWA. In 1911 the OTTAWA was trans-
stead of the previous fourteen-day service. ferred to Constantinople and renamed for
ATLANTIC
Since sails played a subordinate role in the service in the Black Sea as GUL DJEMAL.
Hammonia class, the number of masts was In 1915, she was torpedoed by a British sub-
1871: The 3.707 GRT (gross register marine in the Gulf of Marmara but was not
reduced to two. The POMMERANIA offered
tonnage) ATLANTIC was the second ship completely sunk. She was again raised and
space for 100 people in first class, 70 people
of the young White Star Line and the first ADRIATIC re-paired. After serving on a line between
in second class and 600 people in third class.
that was lost. It was built at the Harland & Constantinople and New York, she tempora-
On a return from New York, she collided full
Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland, 1872: As the largest ship of the White Star rily suspended service in November 1921. In
steam ahead with the sailing vessel CEEL
where the White Star Line regularly Line, the ADRIATIC was its flagship. She 1928 she was renamed GULCEMAL. After
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many other uses including as storage ship ship had become outdated and was finally
and as a floating hotel, on November 16, scrapped in Hamburg.
1950, she reached Messina in Italy, where
she was finally scrapped. With a final age of
76 years, she was the second-longest survi-
ving steamship of all time.

NUBIAN ARIZONA

1879: The ARIZONA was built in Scotland

1876: NUBIAN was built at Mitchell Charles BELGENLAND and served the Guion Line on the line
& Co. Ltd. in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne for Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. For a
the Union Steamship Company from 1878: The BELGENLAND, which was decade, she was considered a prototype of
Southampton. Her top speed was 12 knots. launched in England on December 24 of a transatlantic fast steamer. However, she
CITY OF BERLIN
Later her hull was extended and she served 1878, was a passenger ship running for the was not economically successful because
from 1876 to 1883 in the postal service Belgian Red Star Line of Antwerp. Until 1895 she was primarily designed for maximum
1875: The CITY OF BERLIN won the Blue to Cape Town. Starting from 1884 she speed. Her 6,400 horsepower steam engine
she was used in the service of Antwerp to
Riband for the Inman Line in September circled between Liverpool, the Bermudas consumed 135 tons of coal per day, which
New York and afterwards chartered to the
1875 with an average speed of more than 15 and Baltimore. From 1887, she sailed to consequently meant that there was less
American Line. The new line rebuilt her for
knots. She was also the largest passenger Portuguese East Africa and remained in space for freight and passengers. Oscar
the transport of 150 first class and 1,000
ship in the world for six years, just behind the African waters until 1892. On 20 December Wilde embarked on his first American
deck class passengers, and let the ship
already inactive GREAT EASTERN which 1892 when on her way to Lisbon, she was journey 1881 on the ARIZONA. In 1898,
run between Philadelphia and Liverpool. In
was built in 1853, and was able to transport lost in the Atlantic. the ship was sold for $ 600,000 to the US
1903, the BELGENLAND returned to the
202 first-class passengers in addition to government, which urgently needed troop
Red Star Line, now transporting exclusively
more than 1,000 steerage passengers. In carriers during the Spanish-American war.
third-class passengers between Antwerp
1879, she was the first North Atlantic steam As USS HANCOCK, she also served as a
and Philadelphia. In December 1904 she
ship equipped with electric light. In order to troop carrier in the First World War. Later
was sold to Italy and renamed VENERE
reduce the high consumption of 120 tons on, the former ARIZONA was used as a
before being finally scrapped in 1906. In
of coal per day, she received a new triple- ship for housing sailors in Pearl Harbor and
the 1920s, the Red Star Line called her
expansion steam engine in 1887. As from scrapped in 1926.
with 28,132 tons largest and most luxurious
1895 she served as BERLIN for the Red
liner also BELGENLAND. A passenger of
Star line in the regular service from Antwerp
this ship was Albert Einstein, who had
to New York. In 1898, the US government DEVONIA been on a home trip to Germany in 1933.
bought the ship for use in the war against
When he learned that Adolf Hitler now had
Spain and deployed it as a troop carrier to
1877: The 4.270 GRT large DEVONIA become German Chancellor, he immediately
the Philippines. After a devastating fire in
was built at the Barrow Shipbuilding Co. changed his plans in Antwerp, and took the
San Francisco in 1906 she was repaired and
in Lancashire and sailed the seas for very next steamer back to the United States.
also used in the First World War. Finally, the
ship was scrapped in 1921. the Anchor Line. She offered room for
approximately 200 first-class passengers,
100 of the second class, as well as 800 COLUMBIA
decks passengers. Until 1893 she was
regularly used in the North Atlantic service
1880: The COLUMBIA was built in
from Glasgow to New York. In 1899, the
Pennsylvania for the Oregon Railway and
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Navigation Company. She was one of the parts within the ship. With its 4,500 hp, the in front of Fire Island. For some time, the
first steamships to have a generator for HAMMONIA could also reach a speed of mast peaks stood out of the water, but she
electricity on board, and she sailed along 16 knots against strong currents. Her first had been so badly damaged on impact on
the American west coast between San captain was H. F. Schwensen, who had the seabed, that a rescue and repair was no
Francisco and Portland (Oregon). In her completed 300 Atlantic crossings before. In longer profitable.
27 years of service she carried out more 1889, the HAMMONIA was sold to the French
than 400 crossings on this route. During Compagnie Générale Transatlantique and
the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, the renamed VERSAILLES. In 1914 the ship
COLUMBIA hit the dock walls, and it took was finally wrecked in Genoa.
OREGON
about two months to repair the ship in a
makeshift way. On the way to the final repair
in Hunter‘s Point, the crew had to leave the 1883: The OREGON went from Liverpool
ship because a steam pipe exploded. It was to New York in the passenger service of the
not until January 1907 that the COLUMBIA Guion Line. Her three-cylinder compound
came back in service. On July 20, 1907, the steam engine reached 12,000 hp and allowed
a high speed. The daily coal consumption UMBRIA
ship was inside a thick fog, but the captain
did not slow down the speed. From the was 300 tons. In 1884 the ship won the Blue
south came a wooden schooner loaded with Riband of the Atlantic in seven days, two 1884: The UMBRIA of the British shipping
390,000 redwood boards. The COLUMBIA hours and 18 minutes, and on the return company Cunard Line won the Blue Riband
STIRLING CASTLE journey also in the west direction. Shortly and was, with 7,718 GRT, one of the largest
was rammed on the starboard side and sank
within eight minutes. During the sinking, before steel structures finally became a ships of her time. Together with her sister
her engines exploded as well. Of the 251 1882: The Glasgow-built STIRLING standard, the OREGON was the last record ship ETRURIA, she was one of the last two
passengers and crew members, 88 died, CASTLE was first used in London‘s breaking iron steam ship. Apart from that she Cunard ships to be equipped with sails.
including the captain as well as most women tea trade with China. In 1883 she was was very modern and was equipped not only An innovation on board of the UMBRIA
and all children on board. purchased by an Italian company, equipped with electric lamps of the Edison Electric was the installation of cooling devices for
with accommodation for passengers, and Light Company, but had also replaced the transport of perishable food. With her
from this time onwards regularly sailed the hitherto widespread dormitories in the compound steam engines and nine double-
from Genoa to South America. The British intermediate deck with separate cabins. Due ended boilers consuming 320 tons of coal
government chartered the ship in 1885 to to financial bottlenecks, the ship was sold per day she reached a speed of over 18
bring troops into Sudan, and the Russian to the Cunard Line, which was planning to knots. In 1887, UMBRIA took the prestigious
government chartered it in 1899 to move relocate her to the Liverpool-Boston route. Blue Riband off her sister ETRURIA, setting
troops from Odessa to Vladivostok during On one of her last scheduled journeys a new record of six days, four hours and
the Chinese boxer uprising. In 1900 she to New York, on March 14, 1886, at 4:30 twelve minutes. In the following year she
was rebuilt and her speed decreased to 13.5 AM, she was only 15 hours away from the was beaten again by ETRURIA. In 1892,
knots. Until 1908, she traveled on the route destination when she collided with another the UMBRIA caused a stir when her arrival
HAMMONIA between Palermo, New York and Naples. ship that sank immediately after the crash. in New York was expected on 24 December,
From 1909 she was only used as a freighter. Despite the great leaks, there was no panic and there was still no news from her until 28
1881: The 4.247 GRT large HAMMONIA was In 1910, she had severe damage off the on board the OREGON, and her passengers December. Her propeller shaft had fractured
already the third ship from HAPAG carrying coast of Morocco with a cargo of horses were served tea and coffee. Two hours after so that the main engines were stopped
this name, and was built in Glasgow. She from Argentina. She could still be towed to the collision, the captain ordered to leave the immediately, and the ship drifted helplessly
was completely made of steel and divided Genoa, where she was finally scrapped in ship, but the space inside the rescue boats in gale force winds and a heavy sea. It was
into nine watertight sections. Be-cause of 1911. was only sufficient for half of the people on not until December 27th that she could
her unusual width, she had a high stability. board. The crew then signaled emergency, continue her journey and she finally arrived
Several steam-driven pumps propelled and several ships hurried to salvage. Eight in New York on December 31st. During the
a fan system that supplied fresh air to all hours after the accident, the OREGON sank South African Boer War from 1899-1900, the

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UMBRIA transported troops and weapons. deep into the hopper, almost severing it ney from America to Europe with a speed of
The UMBRIA undertook her last sea voyage in two. This not only spelt the end for the 20.11 knots. During the Spanish-American
in February 1910. The dismantling started hopper, but finished the career of ETRURIA War of 1898 she received the name
directly after the passengers left the ship as well. The damage had been so big, that HARVARD and served as an American
in Liverpool. she never could cross the Atlantic again, and auxiliary cruiser. After a modernization,
was finally demolished in 1910. the vessel, which in the meantime was
called only NEW YORK, retained only two
chimneys. When the TITANIC ran out for
her maiden voyage to America on April 10,
BRITANNIA
1912, there was almost a collision. By the
pull of the TITANIC‘s ship‘s screws the NEW
1887: The BRITANNIA was built by Caird & YORK, moored at the dock, tore loose and
Co. in Greenock for the P & O Peninsular both ships came dangerously close. Only
& Oriental Steam Navigation Company and the quick action of the captain and a tug
went as a passenger ship to India, Australia pulling NEW YORK could prevent a clash.
ETRURIA and the Far East. She had a triple-expansion In the First World War she transported
ORMUZ steam engine with 7,000 hp and shortened American troops to Europe under the name
1885: ETRURIA was the sister ship of the mail run time to India to a new record of USS PLATTSBURG. From 1921 she sailed
UMBRIA, only completed a little later. Both 1886: The ORMUZ was built in Glasgow and 23 days and 10 hours. With the installation of under the Polish flag on the line New York
of them competed for the Blue Riband sailed in the Australian traffic of the Orient special platforms, she could also be armed - Gdansk. In 1923 she was finally sold and
of the North Atlantic, and received great Steam Navigation Co. In addition to 334 and thus serve as an auxiliary cruiser. later scrapped.
media attention. ETRURIA’s furnishing of comfortable places of the first and second Meanwhile, from 1895 to 1897, she was
the cabins and saloons were very typical class, 300 emigrants could also be taken deployed as a troop ship to India. In 1907
for the Victorian era. The first class was on board. She was greeted enthusiastically she took Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu from
furnished with carved furniture and heavy in Sydney on her maiden voyage. With her Japan on board and brought him to a state
velvet curtains. The second class was very 8,500 hp, she had shortened the travel visit to London. In 1909 she was sold to Italy
comfortable and spacious for the standard time from London to less than 30 days. for demolition.
at the time and in comparison to her On her return trips to the UK, she also
competitors. At the end of 1895, the 21-year- offered storage space for chilled transport
old Winston Churchill, lieutenant in a cavalry of meat, butter and fresh fruit. Overall,
regiment at the time, took a longer break the ORMUZ reliably undertook 70 trips to
from his military service to visit the island Australia and back. In 1912, however, she AUGUSTA VICTORIA
of Cuba. He traveled to New York on board finally had to give way to larger and more
ETRURIA and from there to Cuba. Churchill modern ships on that route and was sold to 1889: In order to be able to keep up
returned to Britain early in 1896 travelling the French shipping company Compagnie with the British shipping companies, the
again on ETRURIA. In 1901, both sister de Navigation Sud Atlantique. She was Hamburg HAPAG line ordered the double-
ships were fitted with radio systems from renamed DIVONA and now travelled from screw fast liner AUGUSTA VICTORIA at the
CITY OF NEW YORK
the Marconi system. In 1903 the ETRURIA Bordeaux to South America. In December Vulcan shipyard in Stettin. The then largest
was hit by a giant monster wave a few 1915 she was requisitioned by the French German passenger ship was named after
hours after leaving New York City. Parts of government and used as a hospital ship. 1888: With more than 10,000 GRT, the CITY the German Empress Auguste Viktoria, who
the command bridge were torn away, and After the First World War there was no buyer OF NEW YORK was the world‘s largest ship was also present at the launch. She was a
a passenger was killed. In August 1908, a left, who would consider a rebuilding of the of her time and offered space for 1,740 reliable and fast steamship, but there was
hopper crossing the Mersey came too close old ship still worthwhile. In 1922 she was passengers. With two ship propellers and a not enough public interest in North Atlantic
to ETRURIA and was violently rammed by scrapped in Marseilles. high-performance machine, she could reach traffic during the winter. Therefore, a
her. Her rudder and propeller were thrust a speed of over 19 knots. In 1892, she broke Mediterranean cruise was offered for the first
the transatlantic speed record on her jour-
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time in 1891. During the long-term stays at out of service and scrapped. When the Hungarian navy in July 1909. Now named Parts of the superstructures were removed
the ports, there were programs to visit cities White Star Line purchased the 57,000 tons GÄA, the former FÜRST BISMARCK took and the CAMPANIA received a flight deck of
like Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus, Athens BISMARCK in 1921, they also gave her the part in several summer maneuvers. Later, 37 meters, later extended to 60 meters, as
and Rome. These „pleasure journeys“, which name MAJESTIC. After the First World War, during the First World War, she was a mother well as hangars and workshops. For the first
later also included a journey to the island of this ship had been completed and handed ship for submarines. In February 1918, she time in aviation history, an aircraft launched
Spitzbergen, soon became an integral part over by Germany, and remained the largest was one of the main ships involved in the from a ship underway. Her military service
of the HAPAG offer. In 1904 the AUGUSTA vessel in the world until the commissioning Cattaro Mutiny. After the end of the war, the in the First World War was completed
VICTORIA was sold to the Russian navy, of the French NORMANDIE in 1935. former fast-steamer was confiscated by without incident until November 5, 1918, a
which renamed the ship in KUBAN and Italy, and in January 1921 she sailed as the few days before the WWI ended, when she
wanted her to serve as merchant cruiser in SAN GIUSTO on her last trip from Trieste to was torn loose from her anchorage in the
the Russian-Japanese War. There she was New York via Naples. In 1923, due to of her Firth of Forth and collided with a battleship
supposed to control Japan‘s sea trade to deteriorating condition, she was scrapped of her fleet. She sank in 5 hours. Blame was
the US and Canada. In 1907 the ship was in Trieste. assigned to a guard officer who had failed
sold for demolition and dismantled in Stettin. to bring out a second anchor.

FÜRST BISMARCK

1891: The FÜRST BISMARCK of the HAPAG

line was a double-screw fast steamer and
with her 8,874 GRT, she was the largest
German passenger ship at the time of her CAMPANIA
MAJESTIC completion. In addition to her route across the LUCANIA
North Atlantic, she also began winter tourist 1892: On the return of her maiden voyage,
1890: The MAJESTIC, built in Belfast for cruises in 1893. In 1904, the Russian navy the CAMPANIA won the Blue Riband for 1893: The LUCANIA was the sister ship
the White Star Line, made her way from bought the FÜRST BISMARCK, renamed an eastbound voyage for the Cunard Line of the CAMPANIA. With 2 GRT more than
Liverpool via Queenstown to New York her DON, and used her as a merchant and repeated her success the following her, she was considered the largest ship in
City. In the summer of 1891 she won the cruiser during the Russian-Japanese war. year winning for a westbound voyage. The the world until 1897. Both new ships were
Blue Riband for the fastest transatlantic The steerage passenger area was turned ship offered every imaginable luxury to her the first builds for the Cunard Line after
crossing. However, this record was beaten into additional coalbunkers and hatches passengers. First class cabins and public an eight-year break and would dominate
by her sister ship TEUTONIC after only two were created to take on coal at sea. Two rooms were lavishly decorated with precious the European New York route for several
weeks. From December 1899 to March 12 cm guns, four 7.6 cm Armstrong guns and woods and thickly carpeted. Her smoking years. They were co-financed by the British
1900 the MAJESTIC took part in the Boer eight 5.7 cm Hotchkiss guns were installed saloon contained the first open fireplace Admiralty, which required Cunard to put
War transporting troops to South Africa. At as armaments. After entering service, she on a passenger ship. Most spectacular of both ships on the naval reserve list to serve
this time she was commanded by Edward only sailed as far as the Canary Islands. all was the three-deck dining room with its as merchant cruisers for the Royal Navy
John Smith, the later captain of TITANIC. Due to ongoing engine problems, she was white-and-gold coffered ceiling and paneled when required. In 1894 the LUCANIA won
From 1902 to 1903 the MAJESTIC was ordered back for repair, after which it was mahogany walls inlaid with ivory and richly the Blue Riband of the North Atlantic for
rebuilt. New engines were installed, the two too late to sail on to Japan. She was then carved with pilasters and decorations. After several years, which her sister ship had
chimneys extended and one mast removed. converted into a passenger ship and served over 14 years of service, she was no longer previously held. In 1907 when Cunard put
In 1911 she was put on as a reserve ship, the Libau-Rotterdam-New York circuit under required in 1914 and was to be sold for scrap. their record-breaking ships MAURETANIA
but after the sinking of the TITANIC the the name MOSCOW in 1907. She was However, the British Admiralty intervened and LUSITANIA in service, the LUCANIA
White Star Line reactivated her again. At shut down for economic reasons after only and confiscated the ship to convert it into slipped into the background and served
the beginning of 1914 she was finally taken four round trip and was sold to the Austro- an armed cruiser that could carry seaplanes. only as an occasional replacement. After

12 13
her final journey in 1909, she was laid up in War. After bringing Canadian troops to waters off the coast of the Sahara desert.
Liverpool in 1909. On the evening of August England in August 1914, she served as The ship capsized onto the starboard side
14, 1919, she was badly damaged by a fire accommodations for German prisoners and remained partly out of the water. The
and partially sank at her berth. Five days of war until she returned to service as a crew was able to disembark and march
later, after an inspection, it was decided to transport ship in 1915. After the war, she through the desert to a Spanish fort, where
sell her for scrap, and her interior furnishings continued to service the Canada route they found shelter.
were auctioned. regularly for the Leyland Line. She was
scrapped in Italy after her final journey in
1926.
ARMENIAN

1895: The ARMENIAN was a Belfast-built

cargo liner of the Leyland Line used for
service between Liverpool and New York.
From 1899 to 1902 during the South African
Boer War, she served as a transport for
horses and prisoners. She then sailed for NEW ENGLAND
ST. LOUIS the White Star Line as a cargo liner. On
June 28th, 1915, she attempted to escape 1898: The NEW ENGLAND, built in Belfast
1894: The ST. LOUIS was launched in from a German submarine off the coast of KAISER WILHELM d.G.
by Harland & Wolff for the Dominion Line,
Philadelphia by the American line to provide Cornwall. The attempt failed and the crew sailed the circuit from Liverpool via Halifax
transatlantic passenger and mail traffic. She was allowed to abandon ship before being 1897: The KAISER WILHELM DER to Boston. Her triple-expansion steam
was the biggest ship for the American Line sunk by 2 torpedoes to her stern. Among GROSSE was a twin-screw fast steamer engine delivered 985 HP, bringing her
and one of the largest passenger ships those lost were 29 crew members, mostly for Norddeutsche Lloyd and served for to a top speed of 15 knots. Beginning in
under the American flag. In 1898, she was US Americans along with the load of 1,400 transatlantic passage between Bremerhaven 1903 she changed owners a few times
temporarily employed as a troop carrier in mules. A Belgian trawler picked the survivors and New York. She was named after Emperor beginning as the ROMANIC for the White
the Caribbean during the Spanish-American up the following day. Wilhelm I, who had died in 1888 and was the Star Line in 1903. In 1912, she sailed as the
War. Beginning in 1913, the St. Louis only grandfather of the current Emperor Wilhelm SCANDINAVIAN for the Allan Line without
carried Second and Third Class passengers. II. With her four funnels, Norddeutsche Lloyd first class accommodations and finally for
In 1917, during the First World War, German had created a completely new fast-steamer the Canadian Pacific Line in 1917. She was
submarines repeatedly attacked her. In class that was soon copied worldwide. She scrapped in Hamburg in 1923.
1918, four weeks before the end of the war, represented the most popular and most
she was renamed the USS LOUISVILLE spectacular type of vessel combining the
and was converted into a troop carrier. After latest technical developments with speed
the war, she was due to be rebuilt again for and luxury. KAISER WILHELM DER
civilian passenger traffic but was destroyed GROSSE was the first German ship to win
by fire during the repair work in January the Blue Riband for the fastest North Atlantic
CANADA
1920. Five years later she was towed from crossing. After the outbreak of the First World
New York to Genoa to be scrapped. War, she was transformed into an armed
1896: The CANADA was built by Harland & merchant cruiser and used in the trade war
Wolff in Belfast and sailed for the Dominion off the West African coast. On August 26, the
Line from Liverpool to Québec and Montreal British warship HMS HIGHFLYER opened
in summer and to Boston in winter. During fire on her. After exhausting her ammunition
the African Boer War from 1899 to 1902, in about half an hour, she was scuttled on
she was used as a troop carrier. She also the command of her captain in the shallow
served as a troop carrier in the First World
14 15
 be lost during the First World War. After 65 11, 1912, the CARPATHIA took on 743
years, the last remains of the wreck were passengers in New York. There were many
removed in 1979. well-to-do Americans who wanted to spend
the spring on the Mediterranean. In the early
morning of April 15, 1912, she received the
first emergency signals from the sinking
TITANIC. Despite the danger of drifting
icebergs, she sailed full speed to the reported
position. She was the first ship to arrive at the
OCEANIC HAVERFORD
site at about 4 am and took the first survivors
on board. For quite some time afterwards,
1899: Weighing in at 17,272 GRT, the 1901: The HAVERFORD was a transatlantic the CARPATHIA’s crew were celebrated as
OCEANIC was the new flagship of the steamer for the American Line named after a heroes in all the ports the ship entered. In
White Star Line and the largest ship in the DEUTSCHLAND suburb of Philadelphia. She sailed between 1918 the CARPATHIA was torpedoed by a
world. Her engines delivered 28,000 HP that Philadelphia and Liverpool. Beginning in German submarine in the English Channel
allowed a top speed of 21 knots. She was 1900: The DEUTSCHLAND, HAPAG’s 1915, she served as a British troop carrier and sank within two and a half hours. Since
dubbed the „Queen of the Ocean“ on her fast-steamer, took the Blue Riband for the in the First World War and was heavily she was part of a convoy, everyone on board
Liverpool-Southampton-New York route and western passage on her maiden voyage damaged by a German submarine in 1917 was saved except for five.
was particularly popular with the American and won for the eastern passage the off the coast of Ireland. After six months of
upper class. In October 1905, the OCEANIC following year. However, her speed also repair, she was torpedoed again in the North
was the first ship of the White Star Line to caused technical problems. Due to engine Atlantic in 1918. In 1921, she was taken
suffer a mutiny when the stokers complained vibrations, she lost her rudder on a return over by the White Star line and resumed
about the harsh working conditions and trip to Hamburg in 1902 - the cast iron was the same route between Philadelphia and
low pay. On the 13th of May 1912, the broken. In 1910, the DEUTSCHLAND was Liverpool who also retained the ship’s name.
OCEANIC picked up three bodies as well taken out of North Atlantic service due to The HAVERFORD also occasionally sailed
as several letters in one of the life boats left her high coal consumption. With engines between Hamburg and New York. Due to
floating in the North Atlantic by the TITANIC. throttled, she was converted into the largest technical problems, she was taken out of
The OCEANIC was one of the first ships cruise ship in the world. After the First World service in 1924 and scrapped in Italy in 1925.
assigned to duty at the outbreak of the First War, she was not claimed by the Allies CEDRIC
World War. She was equipped with guns and because of her bad condition and remained
painted black to serve as an armed merchant the only large steamship under a German 1903: The CEDRIC, built in Belfast for the
cruiser for the Royal Navy. On patrol off the flag. Rebuilt after the end of the war with White Star Line, made her maiden voyage
coast of the Shetland Islands on the evening only two instead of four funnels, she saw from Liverpool to New York on February
of September 7, 1914, OCEANIC came off service as an emigration ship for HANSA. 11, 1903. She serviced this route on and
the course due to an error in navigation When the USA limited immigration, she off for almost three decades. During the
resulting from the standard zigzag course became uneconomical and was scrapped First World War, she served as an armed
to prevent targeting by U-boats. She ran in Hamburg in 1925. merchant cruiser for the British admiralty.
aground on September 9th in calm and clear The CEDRIC was involved in several
CARPATHIA
weather on the notorious Shaalds of Foula collisions. She sank a French schooner with
reef, which was only a few meters below the 24 deaths in 1917, as well as the Canadian
water surface. There she lay three weeks 1902: The Cunard Line launched the Pacific Line’s MONTREAL in 1918 and in
until she was broken apart and sunk due CARPATHIA from Swan & Hunter in 1923 she collided with the SCYTHIA in thick
to a severe storm on 29 September. Just a Newcastle upon Tyne. She was originally fog. Her last Liverpool - New York voyage
few days after her entry into the Royal Navy, used on the North Atlantic route, but was in September 1931. In 1932 she was
OCEANIC was the first Allied Forces ship to beginning in 1909 she sailed between sold for demolition.
New York and the Mediterranean. On April
16 17
 ship quickly foundered with a prominent list
to starboard such that the lifeboats could
hardly be lowered to the water. Children
who came to the boat deck were crushed in
the crowd. After five minutes, the electricity
went out leaving the cabins in the dark,
elevators with their passengers stuck, and
the bulkheads in the ship‘s hull open. The
forward movement of the sinking LUSITANIA
BALTIC AMERIKA LUSITANIA
swept along the few lifeboats that had been
launched rendering them useless. When
1904: The BALTIC was the second 1905: With 22,225 GRT, the AMERIKA was 1906: The LUSITANIA was a transatlantic the funnels submerged, they drove people
passenger ship with this name for the White the largest ship under German flag and, liner for the Cunard Line that ran between into the water, while other passengers were
Star Line. She was the largest ship in the after BALTIC, the second largest ship in Liverpool and New York. She was by sucked under water and back into the ship
world when she was commissioned and the world. Her facilities were luxurious and far the largest ship in the world until by the suction of the sinking ship. Only 18
deployed on the North Atlantic route in a modern, including luxury suites with private the commissioning of her sister ship minutes after the torpedo, the LUSITANIA
weekly express service between Liverpool bathrooms, electric lifts, a conservatory, MAURETANIA. The public interest in the sank. The first rescue vessels arrived at the
and New York. In January 1909, she rescued and the first à la carte restaurant on a ship. LUSITANIA was so great that around 200,000 location within four hours, mostly smaller
the survivors of the RMS REPUBLIC that At the outbreak of the First World War, the spectators gathered in Liverpool harbor to bid fishing vessels. The 1198 deaths due to the
had collided with the SS Florida in the thick ship had just arrived in Boston and stayed farewell for her maiden voyage and she was sinking of the LUSITANIA was the largest
fog and sunk after about 36 hours. She was there so as not to fall into the hands of the frenetically cheered when she arrived in New loss of life at sea in the First World War and
rebuilt in 1921 with cabins for 1,000 third Royal Navy. When the US entered the war York., She won the Blue Riband of the North is considered one of the largest single ship
class passengers instead of 2,000 sleeping in 1917, she was confiscated as a troop Atlantic within a month, which had been held catastrophes in history.
berths. In December 1929, she was involved carrier for the US Navy and her name was by German ships for the past 9 years. She set
in the rescue of the shipwrecked sailors of anglicized to AMERICA. After the end of new standards in shipbuilding for dimensions,
the NORTHERN LIGHT off the coast of the war, she was converted from coal to oil engines and equipment. Her turbine engines
Newfoundland. After nearly 30 years of for passenger service. During maintenance were technically superior to the traditional
service, she was scrapped in Osaka, Japan work in March 1926, a fire broke out in steam engines of the German competition.
in 1933. an oil pipeline destroying almost all of the She produced 76,000 HP, consumed about
passenger cabins. Two years later, the 1,000 tonnes of coal per day, and needed
repaired AMERICA returned to Bremen from about 250,000 liters of water per minute
New York via Plymouth and Cherbourg on to cool her engines at full speed. With an
her first voyage after the fire. In 1932 during average speed of 24 knots, she was the first
the Great Depression, AMERICA was shut MAURETANIA
ship to ever cross the Atlantic in less than
down and was reactivated eight years later five days on the westbound passage. In the
to serve in the Second World War. Renamed First World War, the LUSITANIA remained a 1907: The MAURETANIA of the Cunard
the EDMUND B. ALEXANDER, she regular passenger ship in the liner service. Line was the largest ship in the world at the
transported troops between New Orleans On the morning of May 7th, 1915, as she time of her launch. The First Class cabins
and Panama beginning in January 1941. neared the southern coast of Ireland after achieved a hitherto unprecedented level of
Equipped with new engines in 1943, she the Atlantic crossing, a German submarine splendor. The most expensive cabins on
carried troops to Europe. After the war, she fired a torpedo from a distance of 700m. board were the two king suites that included
carried family members of soldiers crossing The LUSITANIA was hit in a coalbunker. two bedrooms, a living room, a private dining
the Atlantic. In 1949, she was laid up in Shortly afterwards, a second, much stronger room, a bathroom and a toilet. On her
Baltimore and then sold to the Bethlehem detonation took place, possibly due to a maiden return voyage from New York, she
Steel Corporation in 1957 to be scrapped. coal dust or steam boiler explosion. The won the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic

18 19
crossing for the eastern passage. With an and Albert Einstein, who also made his first
average speed of more than 26 knots, she trip to America on this same ship in 1921.
set the record in the westward passage in In 1939 she went out of service and was
September 1909, and thus overtook her demolished in the Netherlands in 1940.
sister ship LUSITANIA’s record from 1907.
By 1924, she had improved her own record
seven times. In 1914, the MAURETANIA was
converted for use as a troop carrier in which
capacity she served until the end of the war. FRANCE OLYMPIC
In 1919, she returned to the passenger liner
service and was upgraded to oil burning in
1910: The FRANCE was a transatlantic 1911: On June 14, 1911, the OLYMPIC started
1921. The coveted Blue Riband was kept
steamer for the French shipping company her maiden voyage from Southampton to
by the MAURETANIA for more than two
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique New York via Cherbourg and Queenstown.
decades until it was finally taken over by
G. WASHINGTON (CGT), built at the Chantier et Atelier de St. After the sinking of her sister ship TITANIC in
the German BREMEN in 1929. After 1930,
Nazaire shipyard. She was the first French April 1912, she was equipped with additional
the old ship was mainly used on cruises and
1909: The order for constructing the passenger ship with more than 20,000 GRT lifeboats, reinforced bulkheads, and a double
she undertook her last trip to the shipyard
GEORGE WASHINGTON was given by and the only one with four funnels. Because outer skin. During the First World War, she
in Rosyth, Scotland in 1935. Because of her
Norddeutsche Lloyd on February 20, 1907, of her exceptionally splendid interiors, her served as a troop carrier. In October 1918,
long service life and her classical design,
on the day of its 50th company anniversary. passengers described her as the „Versailles she rammed the German submarine U-103
MAURETANIA is regarded as one of the
In the summer of 1909, the „twin-screw of the Atlantic“. The centerpiece of the ship and sliced through the U-boat’s pressure hull
most famous ships of her century.
saloon mail steamer“ made her maiden was the First Class dining-room that spanned with the ship‘s screw, which caused the death
voyage from Bremerhaven to New York. The over three decks and was decorated like ten German submarine crew members. In
company‘s saloon steamers needed two to many other rooms and cabins in the style of 1919, the OLYMPIC converted to oil burning
three days more than a fast-steamer to cross French Baroque and Rococo palaces. In the and returned to civilian passenger service.
the Atlantic, but they offered a higher degree period before the First World War, FRANCE She was very popular in the 1920s and had
of comfort and tranquility. The kitchen staff became one of the most popular ships on many rich and famous passengers on board,
consisted of 1 chief cook, 9 second cooks, 8 the North Atlantic route. After the outbreak including Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford,
third cooks, 4 steam cooks, 4 confectioners, of war in 1914, she was transformed into and Douglas Fairbanks, as well as Prince
6 bakers, 20 cleaning men, 4 butchers, and an armed merchant cruiser, but her high Edward, who at that time was the Prince of
2 „Israeli cooks“. At the outbreak of war, coal consumption made her completely Wales. During the Great Depression, the
ROTTERDAM the GEORGE WASHINGTON was interned unsuitable for this role. As a result, she was White Star Line, which had never recovered
in the port of New York in 1914 and was first converted into a troop carrier and was completely from the downfall of the TITANIC,
1908: The ROTTERDAM, built by Harland confiscated as a troop carrier for the US finally deployed as a hospital ship in 1917. was in serious financial difficulties. In 1934,
& Wolff in Belfast, served the route between Navy in 1917. After the war, the ship sailed The FRANCE survived the World War without the British government demanded the merger
Rotterdam and New York for the Holland- for the United States Lines. The ship was damage. In 1919, she returned to use as a with the competing Cunard Line. In order to
America Line. She was regarded as one laid up in 1931 during the Great Depression passenger ship on the North Atlantic route. finance the construction of the new ships
of the most beautiful and popular ships of but was re-activated as a troop carrier during From 1923 to 1924 the ship was modernized QUEEN MARY and QUEEN ELIZABETH,
her time and was occasionally used for the Second World War. After the war, she and converted to an oil burner. In 1929, the the OLYMPIC was sold in 1935 for scrap. By
cruises. Although the Netherlands was was towed to Baltimore and finally scrapped Great Depression forced the CGT to send the this time, she had crossed the Atlantic Ocean
officially neutral in the First World War, the after a fire on board in 1951. Famous increasingly unprofitable ship on cruises to the 257 times covering 1.8 million nautical miles.
ROTTERDAM transported allied troops to passengers included Sigmund Freud on his Caribbean along with the usual liner service. Her famous staircase clock „Honor and Glory
France beginning in 1916. She also secretly visit to the US in 1909 and US President After a collision with a freighter in New York in Crowning Time“, which was identical to the
carried weapons. Famous passengers in Woodrow Wilson on his way to the Paris 1931, the FRANCE was taken out of service in one on the TITANIC, is now part of the
peacetime included Thomas and Katia Mann Peace Conference in December 1918. 1932 and finally scrapped in Dunkirk in 1934. SeaCity Museum in Southampton.

20 21
 unpleasant on many other ships of the time
characterized the AQUITANIA. After her
intermittent use as a troop carrier in the First
World War, she was one of the most popular
and economically successful transatlantic
liners in the 1920s and 1930s. In total,
she made 903 North Atlantic crossings.
When demand slowed noticeably during
the Great Depression, AQUITANIA was
TITANIC IMPERATOR AQUITANIA
sent on cruises. In the Second World War
she was again utilized as a troop carrier.
1912: The Belfast-built TITANIC of the 1913: The IMPERATOR was built at the 1914: With the AQUITANIA, built at John In 1946, she hosted the foreign minister‘s
British White Star Line was the largest ship Vulcan shipyard in Hamburg and was the Brown & Company in Clydebank, the conference of the four victorious powers in
in the world with over 46,000 GRT. Due first ship in the world to register more than Cunard Line achieved a completely new New York: the USA, Great Britain, France,
to the fully automated water protection 50,000 GRT. The front was decorated with quality in the design of British passenger and the Soviet Union. Afterwards, additional
doors between her 16 divisions, she was a mighty eagle sitting on a globe of the ships. Due to her clear shapes and flat accommodations for 1700 passengers
regarded as „practically unsinkable“. world. The ship was initially unstable with surfaces, the interior design created a were created on board and she served as
She was intended for the passenger line too much weight on top, so on her first stop simple elegance that was a huge contrast an emigration ship until December 1949.
service on the Southampton - Cherbourg in New York heavy wooden claddings were to the overladen design of her older Because of her exceptionally long service
- Queenstown - New York route and would replaced with lighter ones, heavy chairs were competitors. Because of her classy design life; the AQUITANIA is one of the most
hopefully set new standards in travel replaced with wicker furniture, a lot of built- and elegant lines, her passengers soon famous transatlantic liners. From 1935
comfort. Her second class was roughly in marble was dismantled, and the funnels referred her to as „The Ship Beautiful“. until her scrapping in 1950, she was the last
equivalent to the comfort of the first class were shortened by nearly three meters. An extraordinary silent running and the surviving four funnel steamer in the world.
of older passenger steamers. On her After the First World War, the IMPERATOR absence of noticeable vibrations that felt
maiden voyage, the TITANIC collided with was taken as part of the German reparation
an iceberg southeast of Newfoundland at payments and was handed over to the
about 11:45 pm on April 14, 1912. She sank Cunard Line as BERENGARIA in the
two hours and 40 minutes later in the ice- express service from Southampton to New
cold North Atlantic. Although more than two York. When the QUEEN MARY was put
hours were available for evacuation, 1514 into operation in May 1936, Cunard wanted Publisher and designer want to thank you Lamprecht, Yvonne Lange, Gianluca Lari,
of the over 2200 persons on board died, to keep the BERENGARIA in service all who tested and assisted, amongst others: Vital Lacerda, LeiriaCon, Paul Lister, Heike
mainly because of an insufficient number until the commissioning of the QUEEN Ralph H. Anderson, Claudia Barmbold, und Michael Lopez, Antonio Martino,
of lifeboats. The downfall of the TITANIC ELIZABETH. However, due to the lack of Thomas Mumm, Thibaut Palfer-Sollier,
Fabrizio Andreasi Bassi, Thomas Berg, Jérôme
gave rise to numerous measures to improve fire protection, she had fallen into disfavor Adhil Patel, Simmy Peerutin, PlayModena,
Besnard, Mark W. Bigney, Martin Böschen,
safety at sea, in particular, sufficient with the US authorities. She was forced to
Stephan Borowski, Lars Brügging, Daniele Paulo Renato, David Rosenberg, Alessio
lifeboats, around the clock monitoring of return to Europe without any passengers.
Carletti, Veronica Casa, Nick Case, Club Sereno, Paulo Soledade, Salvatore Sparacca,
radio stations, and the establishment of An extensive reconstruction was no longer
an international ice patrol. Due to the high deemed worthwhile, so she was sold for Area Games Forli, Club Time Out Cesena, Mihai Stanimir, Mathias Sträßner, Daniele
number of lives lost, the sinking of the scrap in 1938. Pietro Cremona, Martina Fähnemann, Tascini, Vincenzo Tringali, Bruno Valerio,
Titanic is one of the biggest casualties in the Arne Franken, Holger Gentemann, Johann Filippo Vincenzi, Maike Wagner, Martin
history of seafaring. Literature, fine art, film, A. Gerdts, Giacomo Gioia, Richard Ham Wallace, Kay Wilke, Rob van Zyl
and television throughout the world have all (Rahdo), Hapag-Lloyd AG, Nils Holm,
dealt with the events and circumstances of
Mariano Iannelli, Nuno Bizarro Sentieiro,
her last voyage and dramatic fall.
Mats Karlöf, Tim Koch, Johan Koitka, P
Jens Külpmann, Rüdiger Kuntze, Frank www.pd-games.com GAMES

22 23
 TRANSATLANTIC – THE SHIPS
AD Name Flag Line Shipyard fate
1862 Scotia Cunard Glasgow 1904
1865 Ariel Shaw, Lowther & Maxton Ltd. Greenock 1872
1867 Leander Joseph Somes Shipping Co. Glasgow 1901
1868 Thermopylae Aberdeen Line Aberdeen 1907
1869 Cutty Sark Jock Willis Shipping Line Dumbarton
1870 Abyssinia Cunard Glasgow 1891
1871 Atlantic White Star Belfast 1873
1872 Adriatic White Star Belfast 1899
1873 Pommerania HAPAG Greenock 1878
1874 Germanic White Star Belfast 1950
1875 City of Berlin Inman Line Greenock 1921
1876 Nubian Union Line Newcastle u. Tyne 1892
1877 Devonia Anchor Line Barrow in Furness 1899
1878 Belgenland Red Star Line Barrow in Furness 1906
1879 Arizona Guion Line Glasgow 1926
1880 Columbia Oregon Railr. & Navigation Co. Chester, PA 1907
1881 Hammonia HAPAG Glasgow 1914
1882 Stirling Castle Thomas Skinner & Co. Glasgow 1911
1883 Oregon Guion Line Glasgow 1886
1884 Umbria Cunard Glasgow 1910
1885 Etruria Cunard Glasgow 1910
1886 Ormuz Orient Steam Navigation Co. Glasgow 1922
1887 Britannia Peninsular & Oriental Greenock 1909
1888 City of New York Inman Line Clydebank 1923
1889 Augusta Victoria HAPAG Stettin 1907
1890 Majestic White Star Belfast 1914
1891 Fürst Bismarck HAPAG Stettin 1924
1892 Campania Cunard Glasgow 1918
1893 Lucania Cunard Glasgow 1909
1894 St. Louis American Line Philadelphia 1925
1895 Armenian Leyland Line Belfast 1915
1896 Canada Dominion Line Belfast 1926
1897 Kaiser WdG Norddeutscher Lloyd Stettin 1914
1898 New England Dominion Line Belfast 1923
1899 Oceanic White Star Belfast 1914
1900 Deutschland HAPAG Stettin 1925
1901 Haverford American Line Clydebank 1925
1902 Carpathia Cunard Wallsend 1918
1903 Cedric White Star Belfast 1932
1904 Baltic White Star Belfast 1933
1905 Amerika HAPAG Belfast 1957
1906 Lusitania Cunard Clydebank 1915
1907 Mauretania Cunard Wallsend 1935
1908 Rotterdam Holland-Amerika Lijn Belfast 1940
1909 G.Washington Norddeutscher Lloyd Stettin 1951
1910 France Co. Generale Transatlantique Saint-Nazaire 1935
1911 Olympic White Star Belfast 1936
1912 Titanic White Star Belfast 1912
1913 Imperator HAPAG Hamburg 1939
1914 Aquitania Cunard Clydebank 1950