LOGARITHMS LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
- A logarithm is a mathematical - A logarithmic inequality is an
operation that determines how inequality involving logarithms
many times a certain number, called (usually uses symbols such as less
the base, is multiplied by itself to than, greater than, less than or
reach another number. equal to and greater than or equal
to).
WHAT ARE LOGARITHMS LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
USED FOR? - A logarithmic function expresses a
-Much of the power of logarithms is their relationship between two variables
usefulness in solving exponential equations. (such as x and y).
Some examples of this include sound
(decibel measures), earthquakes (Richter
scale), the brightness of stars, and How are exponential
chemistry (pH balance, a measure of acidity equations transformed into
and alkalinity). logarithmic equations and
-Exponential functions are used for even
vice versa?
more contexts, including population and
- When one side of the
bacterial growth, radioactive decay,
equation contains a
compound interest, cooling of objects, and
single logarithm and the other side
growth of phenomena such as virus contains a constant, the equation
infections, Internet usage, and popularity of can be solved by rewriting
fads. the equation as an equivalent
exponential
equation using the definition
of logarithm.
LOGARITHMIC
EQUATION, INEQUALITY
a. LogBN = E to BE = N and vice versa
AND FUNCTION
b. We can also use the BUMP-UP method.
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION
How do you solve logarithmic
- A logarithmic equation is an equation
involving logarithms (usually uses the equation?
equal sign).
3. Test the restrictions
1. Directly use a calculator
2. Follow these steps:
GRAPH OF A LOGARITHMIC
Translate the logarithmic equation to FUNCTION
exponential equation, Simplify
IN THIS LESSON, WE WILL BE DOING THE
3. Equate the N values (LogB N) FOLLOWING:
1. Make a table of values
How do you solve logarithmic
2. Identify the Asymptote
inequality?
3. Draw a graph
1. Follow these steps:
4. Identify the transformations (if any)
a. Translate the logarithmic equation
to exponential equation (BUMP-UP 5. Identify the domain and range
method)
HERE ARE SOME SAMPLE QUESTIONS WITH
b. Simplify THEIR ESTIMATED GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATIONS.
c. Test the restrictions
2. Follow these steps: y = log (x)
1.Rules to consider:
Given logm x > logm y
a. If m > 1, then x>y
b. If 0
2. Solve for the value of the variable.
y = log (-x) How do you draw the graph
of a logarithmic function?
a. make a table of values
indicating the asymptote and the
base of the logarithm as x values.
b. Sketch the graph
c. Identify the domain and range
How do you solve problems
involving logarithmic functions?
STEPS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS
y = -log (x) INVOLVING EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS:
1. Take note of the given values
2. Analyze the use/importance
of the given values, whether it is
an increasing or decreasing type
3. Model the given problem by
using either A= P(1+%)t or A=
P(1-%)t
4. Solve the problem
y = -log (-x) HORIZONTAL
TRANSFORMATION is the
adjustment/movement done to the
graph horizontally
VERTICAL
TRANSFORMATION is the
adjustment/movement done to the
graph vertically.
Example 1: y = log3 (x) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN SIMPLE INTEREST AND
Horizontal transformation: none COMPOUND INTEREST?
Vertical transformation: none
Example 3: y = -3 + log3 (x+2) - Simple interest is calculated on the
principal, or original, amount of a
Horizontal transformation: -2 loan. Compound interest is
Vertical transformation: -3 calculated on the principal amount
and also on the accumulated
The difference is that the graph in example interest of previous periods, and can
3 has been moved two steps to the left thus be regarded as "interest on
which can be clearly seen due to the V.A. interest".
NOTE: No need to get the additive inverse,
that is only for the HORIZONTAL WHAT IS SIMPLE INTEREST?
TRANSFORMATION.
- Simple interest is a quick and easy
method of calculating the interest
charge on a loan. Simple interest is
determined by multiplying the daily
interest rate by the principal by the
WHAT IS BUSINESS MATH? number of days that elapse between
payments.
- Business Math is mathematics used
by commercial enterprises to record
and manage business operations.
Commercial organizations use
mathematics in accounting,
inventory management, marketing,
sales forecasting, and financial
analysis.
WHAT ARE INTERESTS?
- Interest is the fee paid by borrowers
for the use of the owner's assets. It
is applied to loans, credit cards and
other debt, as well as bank accounts.
Banks pay interest to the account
holder for the use of deposited
funds.
