Gruyal et al.

, Nat Prod Chem Res 2014, 2:4

Natural Products Chemistry & Research http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000140

Conference Proceeding Open Access

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur,

Philippines
Gemma A Gruyal1*, Romeo del Roasario2 and Nenita D Palmes2
1
Surigao del Sur State University, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines
2
Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Philippines

Abstract
The study was conducted to document the medicinal plants utilized for the treatment of various ailments among
residents in the northern part of Surigao del Sur. The mode of preparation and treatment is also included in the
documentation. Demographic and ethnobotanical knowledge was gathered through interviews using a semi-structured
questionnaire. Fifty (50) informants were involved in providing information on the 65 plant species documented as
medicinal plants and utilized by the residents to treat different kinds of diseases and ailments. The most frequently
used plant part in terms of percentage of the total number of species was the leaves (84.3%). This was followed by
stem (8.9%), roots (7.1%), bark (4.3%), hair and rhizome (1.4%). The methods applied in the preparation of the herbal
medicine were pounding, crushing, preheating, soaking, decocting and infusing. The most common health problems
treated by the identified medicinal plants were stomach ailments, respiratory diseases, wounds, boils and muscle
pains. Most of the medications were administered orally.

Keywords: Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants; Utilization; Common have been practicing traditional folk medicine since time immemorial.
ailments With the advent of modern medicine and technology, the indigenous
knowledge of herbal medicine and practices handed down from their
Introduction forefathers has been threatened to extinction. Some of these folk
Medicinal plants and herbs have been used for many centuries medicines were relegated to the side-lines or are no longer practiced.
as a source of people’s drugs for the treatment and prevention of With today’s younger and more educated populace, knowledge or
diseases, disorders and the promotion of good health [1] and still information of these traditional herbal medicines is no longer valued
provide the first line of primary health-care even in the present age as being useful. This present study was conducted to document the
to major segments of the population worldwide [2]. According to the knowledge of indigenous plant utilization and healthcare practices
in the Northern part of Surigao del Sur. Findings of this research will
World Health Organization (2003), it is estimated that up to 80% of the
provide a data base for future research and potential resource for
population depends exclusively on plants for their health and healing
the development of new drugs. It also provides a base for enhancing
The information and folk knowledge regarding the medicinal and
scientists’ attention towards consideration of non-indigenous rural
therapeutic uses of these indigenous plant materials have been handed
folks as source of ethno-botanical knowledge.
down from generation to generation through verbal communication
[3]. As modernization progresses however, the use of traditional Materials and Method
medicinal plants has been threatened in many parts of the world. One
of the major threats to these plants is that of habitat destruction. Due Northern Surigao del Sur, comprising five districts, namely
to modernization, natural vegetation is destroyed for the building of Carrascal, Cantilan, Madrid, Carmen and Lanuza, or collectively
infrastructures that caters to the industrialization needs of the locale. known as CarCanMadCarLan, lies in the northernmost coast of the
province in the Philippines. Situated between latitudes 09°22’-09°14’ N
Other concerns are those of over-harvesting of the plant medicine
and longitudes 125°56’-126°04’ E, this piece of land is bordered by the
since vital parts of the plants are those that are used extensively causing
Carrascal bay at the north and the Lanuza bay at the south with a total
their death and decrease in population [4]. Introduction of new
land area of 1097.71 square kilometers. The tropical region has vast
western medicinal practices has resulted to the gradual replacement
timberlands mainly of coconut trees with over six thousand hectares
of traditional practices [5]. This is evident, nowadays, in the younger
of government-irrigated lands, seawaters in the east, and mountains
generations who do not possess as much knowledge of medicinal
in the west, north and south, having an average monthly precipitation
plants as the older generations [4]. of 257.2 millimeters. Aside from timberlands, it harbours mangrove
With the growing threat of losing traditional knowledge in the forests, shrubs, and evergreens.
modern era, many efforts have been made to record and publish this A barangay from each municipality was chosen purposively as
knowledge. In the past few years, a renewed interest on the natural
method of treatment or traditional medicine arose worldwide. The
work on ethno-medicinal knowledge has increased especially in some
*Corresponding author: Gemma A Gruyal, Surigao del Sur State University-
parts of Europe, Asia and Africa [6]. Despite many ethno-medicinal Cantilan, College of Education Business and Management, Linintian, Cantilan,
studies that were performed all over the world, a relatively few Surigao del Sur 8317, Philippines - 083-212-5132, Tel: 9088838950; E-mail:
documentation on ethno-medicinal plant is done in the Philippines, in [email protected]
most cases focusing only on indigenous groups while the knowledge of Received March 03, 2014; Accepted June 19, 2014; Published June 22, 2014
traditional agriculturists and forest dwellers is neglected [7].
Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal Plants
Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod Chem Res 2
Northern Surigao del Sur in the Philippine archipelago is home to
:140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140
citizens who were descended from native and tribal groups influenced
by the rapid modernization of the country. Most of the residents Copyright: © 2014 Gruyal G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
are farmers and fishermen who live near/on mountains, plains and use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
farmlands, and on the coastal regions. These modernized dwellers source are credited.

Nat Prod Chem Res Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000140

ISSN: 2329-6836 NPCR, an open access journal
Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod
Chem Res 2 :140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140

Page 2 of 5

study area and a prior informed permission was made through their Myrtaceae and Zingiberaceae were represented by two (2) species each,
Barangay chairman and some local administrators before the study while the rest of the families were all represented by one (1) species.
was conducted. In each chosen barangay from the five municipalities, In terms of habit, there are 22 species of herbs (33.9%), 21 species of
ten local residents (30-82 years old) served as informants, having shrubs (32.3%), 19 species of trees (29.2%), and 3 species of climbers
wide knowledge on medicinal plants. Over all they were 50 people (4.6%). Results indicated that the area has a diversity of plant species of
interviewed, 15 were male and 35 were females. They were interviewed medicinal value. Furthermore, because of the region is far from the city
via semi-structured questionnaires. The information gathered includes proper and their access to modern healthcare services is limited, most of
demographic profile like age, gender, the barangay where they belong the residents still resort to using traditional medicinal practices. Based
and source of livelihood. Their knowledge on ethno-medicinal plants on the results gathered, the leaves (84.3%) are the most frequently used
and its uses were also included. Interviews were conducted through plant part for herbal medicine. This is also true in the studies of Del
informal conversations in order to allow for spontaneous replies and [12] among traditional healers in Southwest Cebu, Philippines and [6]
minimize feeling pressured. A series of interviews were made from on the Higaonon Tribe of Iligan City, Philippines wherein leaves were
October to March 2013, consolidated by field observations. The data commonly prepared by boiling water (decoction) and administered
acquired from each plant comprised the local name (Surigaonon orally. The frequent use of leaves helps in the survival and continuity
name), the plant part used, its preparation and mode of administration of useful medicinal plants in Northern Surigao del Sur. It ensures the
sustainability of the plants to grow in the area in order to cater to the
and the ailment treated. Standard taxonomical procedures were used
needs of the rural populace for medicinal plants. However, in the studies
in gathering plant specimens, which were pressed, dried, identified
of [5,13] on the Temuans and by Ong and Nordiana [14] on the Malay
and deposited in the herbarium at the Mindanao University of Science
villagers, the roots of the plants were the most utilized portion as herbal
and Technology (MUST) and the student herbarium at the Institute of
medicine. Other parts of the plants such as stems (8.9%), roots (7.1%),
Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Diliman. Photographs
bark (4.3%), hair and rhizome 1.4% and, fruits and seeds were often
of every specimen were taken during the survey. Plant identification
used in the preparations. The most common ailments were stomach
was carried by referring to various literatures such as [8-11].
discomfort due to diarrhea, respiratory diseases like common colds
Results and Discussions and cough, urinary tract infection and skin diseases. The preparation
and administration of the medicinal plants varies based on the type of
The use of traditional medicine has been practiced in various
disease treated. The very common method of preparation was boiling
countries since time immemorial [2]. In the Philippines, knowledge
the plant part or decoction until a desired concentration is achieved.
on the use of plants as medicine was inherited from great ancestors
Most of the treatments were administered orally. For immediate
through oral tradition [6]. In the present study, a total of 65 plant species
treatment like bleeding of wounds, leaves were pounded and crushed
were documented as medicinal plants utilized by the Surigaonons. The
to extract the juice and applied topically or directly on the affected area.
species were classified into 44 families each treating different kinds of
health disorders or ailments. Table 1 showed that Family Gramineae (4 As shown in Table 1, leaves are commonly used in treating
species) and Verbenaceae (4 species) were represented as the highest ailments. However, the mode of administration varies from ailment
number of species utilized as medicinal plant followed by Labiatea to ailment as in the case of Lantana camara and Stachytarpheta
(3 species) and Malvaceae (3 species). Family Rutaceae, Apocynacea, jamaicensis L., wherein their leaves are boiled and used to clean
Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, wounds of the skin, while the leaves of Annona squamosal, Premna

Series Plant part

Scientific Name Family Local Name Preparation Mode of Application Ailment treated
No. used
Drink one glass three times a Treat for diarrhoea, relief
1 Anona muricata L. Anonacea Guyabano Leaves Boil with water
day, during ailment occur. stomach-ache
Preheat the leaves, Rub or massage on the chest
2 Conyza cinerea L. Asteraceae Albahaka Leaves To soften cough, “panuhot”
extract the juice and back.
Preheat the leaves, Applied on the chest and back
3 Artemisia vulgaris L. Asteraceae Hilbas Leaves For cough and fever
extract the juice to loosen the phlegm.
Drink thrice a day, induces
4 Annona squamosa L. Anonaceae Atis Leaves Boil with water Treat kidney infection
normal urination
Artocarpus For diarrhoea, stomached
5 Moraceae Nangka Roots Boil with water Drink four times a day
heterophyllus Lam. problem
Apply on the skin as
6 Aloe barbadensis Mill Liliaceae Sabila Stem Extract the sap For sun burn
emollient.
young leaves Infusion of leaves Drink during ailment occur For stomach disorder.
7 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Hayom Apply directly or topically on
Leaves Pound or crush the leaves Bruise and sprain
affected area
Crushed the leaves and Rub and massaged all over Lower body temperature
8 Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Balingbing Leaves
extract the juice. the body due to fever
Drink four times a day to
9 Blumea balsamifera Compositae Sagbong Leaves Boil with water Treat kidney infection
induce urination.
Bryophyllum pinnatum Apply and attach to the
10 Crassulaceae Anghelika Leaves Pound leaves until soft Relief of toothache
(Lam.) Oken affected area.
Apply directly on the affected
11 Leaves Leaves are heated For sprain
area.
Biva orillana L. Bixaceae Sijotes
Drink Thrice a day to soften
roots Boil with water For cough
cough

Nat Prod Chem Res Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000140

ISSN: 2329-6836 NPCR, an open access journal
Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod
Chem Res 2 :140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140

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Apply directly on affected

12 Basella rubra L. Basellaceae Alugbati Leaves Crush the leaves For boils
area
13 Cymbopogon citratus Gramineae Tangyad Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day Lower hypertension
Preheat the leaves and Take one tablespoon three
14 Coleus aromaticus Labiatae Garabo Leaves Relief and soften cough
extract juice with agridulsi times a day
Extract juice
Agridulsi fruit juice
Citrus microcarpa + Take one tablespoon three
15 Rutacea + + Relief cough
Bunge Preheat then extract juice times a day
Garabo Leaves
then mix.
16 Cassia alata L. Fabaceae Sunting Leaves Boil with water As washing or antiseptic. For athletes foot
Apply the leaves directly to
17 Coleus blumei Labiatae Mayana leaves Pound until soft and juicy For mumps
affected area.
18 Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Kapaja Seeds Seeds with water Drink thrice a day. As antihelmentic
Preheat the rhizome and
Apply directly on the affected
19 Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Duyaw Rhizome extract the juice mixed Heals bruise and boils
area.
with coconut oil
leaves and Infusion of the leaves and For diabetes, stomach-
20 Centella asiatica L. Umbelliferae Jahog-jahong Drink three times a day.
stem stem ache , amoeba
Nijog roots Decoction of the roots Decoction of the roots and
21 Cocos nucifera L. Palmae + + and a few number of a few number of kumentang For arthritis
Kumentang Leaves kumentang leaves leaves
22 Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae Kahel young leaves Crushed the leaves Apply on the forehead. Relieved headache
Pound leaves to soften
23 Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Hagonoy leaves apply to affected area For boils
and extract the juice.
Chrysophyllum cainito For diarrhoea, relief
24 Sapotaceae Kaymito Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day
L. stomach-ache
Crush the leaves mix with
25 Capsicum frutescens L. Solanaceae Sili Leaves rub on the chest For asthma
coconut oil.
Dasymaschalon Pound the leaves to
26. Rutaceae Tabog Leaves Apply on the affected area. For boils in the eye lid
clusiflorum Merr. soften
Syzygium malaccense Drink four times a day to
27 Myrtaceae Bongogon Leaves Boil with water For kidney infection
L. induce urination
leaves and
28 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Tawa-tawa Boil in water Drink three times a day. For dengue fever
stem
Eleusine indica (L.)
29 Graminae Bila-bila Leaves Boil in water Drink three times a day As diuretic
Gaetn
Preheat and pound the Apply directly on affected
30 Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae Diyaket Bark For rheumatism
bark area.
Relief muscle pain and can
Apply directly on chest and
31 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lamiacea Gemilina leaves Pick fresh leaves induce flatulence due to
stomach
panuhot
Hibiscus rosasinensis Apply topically on affected Heals swelling and as anti-
32 Malvaceae Gumamela Bud Pound until become soft
L. area. inflammatory agent
For diarrhoea and
33 Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Elepante Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day
stomach-ache
leaves and
34 Hyptis suaveolens Poir. Lamiaceae Pilodo Boil with water Drink three times a day As antispasmodic
stem
Drink four times a day to for kidney infection and
35 Imperata cylindrica Graminae Kogon Roots Boil with water.
induce urination stomach-ache
Impatiens balsamina
36. Malvaceae Suwangga Leaves Crushed the leaves Apply as poultice Cure scabies
Linn.
scrape the stem preheat, Apply externally rub and Relief of flatulence or
37. Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Tuba-tuba Stem
squeeze to produce juice massaged on the body. panuhot that causes cough
Stem and Soaking in water during Relief headache, muscle
38. Kyllinga monocephala Cyperaceae Bosikad Drink the water morning time.
leaves night time pain, fever
Treatment for
39. Luffa acutangula L. Cucurbitaceae Patola Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day
dysmenorrheal
Eat five seeds in every dose
40. Leucaena glauca L. Mimosaceae Ipil-ipil Seeds As dewormer
for three days
Stachytarpheta Kanding- Used as washing and
41. Verbenaceae Leaves Boil in water Cleaning of wounds
jamaicensis L. kanding antiseptic.
42. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Manga Bark Boil with water Drink three times a day For dysmenorrheal
Hibi-hibi
43. Mimosa pudica L. Fabaceae + Roots Boil with water Drink three times a day Treatment for Goiter
Amorsiko
Andropogon aciculatus
44. Graminae Amorsiko Roots Boil with water Drink three time a day Treatment for goiter
Retz.

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Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod
Chem Res 2 :140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140

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Give cooling effect, induce

Apply directly lower portion of
45 Musa paradisiacal Musaceae Saging Young leaves normal urination or “ bus-
the stomach
aw”
46 Moringa oleifera L. Moringaceae Kalamungay Leaves Crushes the leaves Apply on the open wound Abate bleeding
Manihot esculenta Kamoting-
47 Euphorbiaceae Leaves Boil with water Use in bathing After healing of measles
Crantz kahoy
48 Mentha arvensis Labiateae Helba buena Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day For stomach discomfort
49 Premna odorata Blanco Verbenaceae Adgao Leaves Boil with water Drink four times a day Relief and loosen cough
Pterocarpos indicus Scrape and squeeze the Topically apply directly on
50 Fabaceae Naga Bark Relief for herpes simplex
Willd. sap affected area
Persea americana For diarrhoea, relief
51 Lauraceae Abukado Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day
Gaertn. stomach-ache
Externally, used as washing
or antiseptic Disinfect the wound, for
52 Psidium guajava Myrtacea Bayabas Young leaves Boil with water
Internally, drink three times diarrhoea.
a day.
Pound and extract the Apply directly on the affected Treatment for herpes
53 Plumeria obtuse L. Apocynacea Kalatsutsi Leaves
juice area. simplex
Premna cumingiana Drink three times a day to
54 Lythraceae Banaba Leaves Boil with water For kidney infection.
Schauer induce urination.
For cough, induce urine,
55 Pandanus odorata Pandanaceae Pandan tsina leaves Boil with water Drink four times a day
control cholesterol
leaves and Drink four times a day, induce For kidney infection,
56 Portulacao leraceae L. Piperaceae Sinaw-sinaw Infusion of leaves
stem urination. arthritis
External, gargle with a little
57 Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Biringhinas Leaves Boil with water For swollen gums
of salt
58 Symphytum officinale Boraginaceae Comprey Leaves Boil with water Drink three times a day. For cough and colds
Drink three times a day to
59 Tinospora reticulate Menispermaceae Panjawan Stem Boil with water For diabetes
lower blood sugar.
60 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Lagundi Leaves Infusion of leaves Drink three times a day. For cough and colds
flower, stem, Infusion of flower, stem Internally, drink three times Treat digestive disorder,
61 Viola odorata L. Violaceae Bayoleta
leaves and leaves a day for cough
For diarrhoea, stomach-
62 Muntingia calabura L. Elaeocaraceae Mansanitas Young leaves Infusion of leaves Drink three times a day
ache
Zingiber officinale Pound and extract the Rub on affected area to
64 Zingiberaceae Luja Rhizome For Stomach-ache
Roscoe juice and mixed with oil induce gas pain.
Drink three times a day to
65 Zea mays L. Graminae Mais Young hair Soak in water For kidney trouble.
stimulate urination.
Table 1: List of medicinal plants used by residents in Northern part of Surigao del Sur.

odorata and Symphytum officinale, and the young leaves of Ziziphus the juice by pounding. Some of the plants were utilized (both internal
jujube are boiled in water and taken orally to treat of kidney infection, and external) in treating the ailments, however, the plant part used is
common colds and cough, and diarrhoea, respectively. Results also different. For example, Bixa orellana leaves were preheated over fire
show that leaves were mostly used to treat cough with different modes and applied directly on the affected area to relieve sprain while its roots
of application. The juice of Conyza cinerea L. extracted from the leaves were decocted for the treatment of cough.
is massaged on the chest and back (externally applied) to cure dry It was also observed that some of the preparations used roots to
cough, while the leaves of Coleus aromaticus were preheated to extract treat various ailments such as cough, stomach-ache, arthritis, goitre
the juice and taken orally (internally applied) three times a day to cure and kidney infection. Although roots have many uses, it was revealed
the same ailment. Other medicinal plants can be utilized to treat two in the survey that utilization of roots (7.1%) is lesser compared to
or more diseases such as Pandan tsina which is used to treat cough and leaves (84.3%). This indicates that many of the residents in Northern
induce urination to relieve kidney trouble and Kyllinga monocephala Surigao del Sur were careful of their flora and fauna knowing that
(Bosikad) relieves headaches, muscle pain, and fever. In contrast, extraction of the entire plant destructs to the environment and lowers
several species can also be used to treat the same ailments with the the regeneration of medicinal plants caused by the trampling of habitat
same mode of preparation, such as, decoction or boiling with water and soil.
taken orally as tea. Examples include Anona muricata L., Artocarpus
In the Philippines, other indigenous groups exhibited similar
heterophylles, Chrysophyllum cainito L. and Persia Americana G
utilization pattern of medicinal plants used to treat certain diseases.
which all treat diarrhoea and relieve stomach-aches. However, parts
For example, in the study of [15,16], Kalanguyas in Tinoc Ifugao used
of the plants used from each species differ to treat the same ailment.
the boiled leaves of Blumea balsamifera and rhizomes of Zingiber
Other species can also be used to treat ailments with different modes officinale to cure cough; and observed the boiled roots and young hairs
of application. Psidium guajava is used externally as a disinfectant in of Imperata cylindrical and Zea mays, respectively, help cure people
wounds while it is also taken orally by the residents to cure diarrhoea. suffering from kidney infection, since these grasses induce normal
The infusion of young leaves of Amaranthus viridis L. used for stomach urination. These medicinal plants, as documented in the study of Olowa
disorders is internally administered while matures leaves, for bruises et al. [6] are also utilized among in Higaonon Tribe of Rogongon.
and sprains, are topically applied on the affected area after extracting Moreover, the Tasaday of Mindanao, Kalanguyas of Ifugao, Higaonon

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ISSN: 2329-6836 NPCR, an open access journal
Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod
Chem Res 2 :140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140

Page 5 of 5

Tribe of Rogongon used Psidium guajava as an antiseptic wash for Acknowledgement

wounds and other skin diseases [6]. Traditional healers of Southwest We are grateful to thank for the financial support granted by the research
Cebu also used Cymbopogon citratus and Euphorbia hirta L. leaves to section of Surigao del Sur State University, Cantilena. Special thanks also to all the
lower hypertension and cure dengue, respectively. These are similarly respondents who have shared their knowledge on the medicinal plants.
utilized by the residents of the Northern part of Surigao del Sur. References
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16. Yen DH, Guttierrez HG (1974) The Ethnobotany of the tasaday: the useful
This study shows that there is a prevailing knowledge on the plants. Philippine journal of Science 103: 97-140.
traditional uses of medicinal plants treating certain ailments and health
problems among the residents in the Northern part of Surigao del Sur.
Most of the ailments treated in the region are cough, diarrhea and Submit your next manuscript and get advantages of OMICS
stomach ache, and kidney infection. The use of leaves indicates that Group submissions
many of the residents in Northern part of Surigao del Sur were careful Unique features:
to the extent of survival of medicinal plants. Results of this study • User friendly/feasible website-translation of your paper to 50 world’s leading languages
suggest that rural folks should also be considered as important source • Audio Version of published paper
of information about the use of medicinal plants. This study records • Digital articles to share and explore

not only the ingenuity of the Surigaonons on their use of various Special features:

medicinal plants and traditional healthcare practices but documents • 350 Open Access Journals
the invaluable knowledge of the forefathers of the inhabitants so that it • 30,000 editorial team
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may survive amidst the rapid modernization of the country. • Quality and quick editorial, review and publication processing
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Citation: Gruyal GA, del Roasario R, Palmes ND (2014) Ethnomedicinal • Authors, Reviewers and Editors rewarded with online Scientific Credits
Plants Used by Residents in Northern Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Nat Prod • Better discount for your subsequent articles
Chem Res 2 :140. doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000140 Submit your manuscript at: http://www.omicsonline.org/submission/

Nat Prod Chem Res Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000140

ISSN: 2329-6836 NPCR, an open access journal