Department of Education
Region III
DIVISION OF MABALACAT CITY
Name: __________________________________ Grade & Strand: ________________
School: ____________________________________________ Date: ________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
ABM 11 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS (Q1-WK4)
Applications of Proportions
I. Introduction
In real world we are faced with various scenarios where we
unknowingly use proportions. In the business sector, it is the leading
predictor of price change. It is used to estimate how much money it would
gain if it sells more products.
An example of proportion is when you want to buy oranges with a sign
in a bin of 4 oranges for ₱100.00. Does this mean that you can buy 4
oranges? No. You can buy as many as you can with a given amount of
money. However, you are going to use the rate of 4 oranges for ₱100.00.
From this example, we observe that the two quantities vary each other. The
change of one quantity will result to a change of the other.
In this activity sheet, you are going to apply in the real world the
different kinds of proportions: direct, inverse, and partitive proportions.
II. Learning Competency
Solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportion
(ABM_BM11RP-If-4)
III. Objectives
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to solve problems
involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportion.
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IV. Discussion
In the previous activity sheet, you have learned the concept of direct,
inverse, and partitive proportion. In a direct proportion, as a quantity
increases the other quantity increases at the same rate or as a quantity
decreases, the other quantity also decreases. Example is a worker paid by
the hour will earn more if he works for more hours. While in inverse
proportion, as a quantity increases the other quantity decreases and vice
versa. Example is five workers will require more hours to finish the job
compared to 10 workers who will work the same job. Partitive proportion
occurs when a certain whole is divided into several shares following a
certain ratio.
Direct Proportion
It is said to be directly proportional if the increase of one variable will
also increase of the other variable and a decrease in one would decrease the
other.
In creating a direct proportion in a fractional form, the numerator of
the first ratio matches to the numerator of the second ratio and the
denominator of the first ratio matches to the second denominator of
the second ratio.
Examples:
1. If 10 mid-end cellphones cost ₱200,000, then how much do 8 mid end
cellphones cost?
Solution: Let x be the cost of 8 cellphones
Step 1: We obtain:
Step 2: Cross multiply:
Step 3: Solve for x: 160,000 = x
Thus, the cost of 8 cellphones is ₱160,000.
2. Kiana earns ₱ 18,300 in a month. How much will she earn in 3 months?
Solution: Let x be the earnings of Kiana in 3 months.
Step 1: We obtain:
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Step 2: Cross multiply: x = ₱ 54,900
Thus, Kiana’s earning for 3 months is ₱54,900.
3. Samantha bought 15 cones of ice cream with 3 scoops of different flavors
in each cone. How many scoops of ice cream will there be if there are 30
cones?
Solution: Let be the number of scoops in 30 cones.
Step 1: We obtain:
Step 2: Cross multiply: 90 = 15n
Step 3: Solve for : 6=
Thus, there are 6 scoops in 30 cones.
4. If the online tutorial fee is ₱400 for 2 hours, how much should you pay for
7 hours?
Solution: Let be the tutorial fee for 7 hours.
Step 1: We obtain:
Step 2: Cross multiply: 2 = ₱2,800
Step 3: Solve for :
Thus, the tutorial fee for 7 hours is ₱1,400.
Inverse Proportion
It is said to be inversely proportional if the increase of one variable
results to the decrease of the other variable and a decrease in one result to
the increase of the other.
In creating an inverse proportion in a fractional form, the numerator
of the first ratio matches to the denominator of the second ratio and
the numerator of the second ratio matches to the denominator of the
first ratio.
Examples:
1. In a T-shirt design factory, 5 employees can finish designing 20 T-shirts
in one hour. How long will it take 10 people to make 20 designs?
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Solution: Let be the hours to finish 20 designs of 10 people.
Ratio of employees to hours: 5:1 and 10:x or in fraction
Step 1: Match the numerator of the first ratio to the denominator of the
second ratio.
Step 2: Match the numerator of the second ratio to the denominator of
the first ratio.
Step 3: We obtain:
Step 4: Cross multiply:
Step 5: Solve for
Step 6: Reduce to lowest terms
Thus, it takes hours or 30 minutes that 10 people to make 20 designs.
2. If 50 workers can finish a certain job in 2 weeks, how many weeks will it
take 30 workers to finish the same job?
Solution: Let x be the weeks that the 30 workers will finish the job.
Ratio of workers to weeks: 50:2 and 30: . In fraction:
Step 1: Match the numerator of the first ratio to the denominator of
the second ratio.
Step 2: Match the numerator of the second ratio to the denominator of
the first ratio.
Step 3: We obtain:
Step 4: Cross multiply:
Step 5: Solve for
Thus, it takes weeks that 30 people to finish the job.
3. Three kittens can consume 8 boxes of fish cereals in a week. How many
boxes of fish cereals are needed to feed an additional 5 kittens?
Solution: Ratio of kittens to boxes of cereals = 3:8 = 5:x or
4
Step 1: Match the numerator of the first ratio to the denominator of the
second ratio.
We obtain: 5x = 24 x = 4.8 boxes or 4
Partitive Proportion
Partitive proportion describes a whole amount being divided or
distributed into two or more unequal parts.
Examples:
1. Divide ₱4,000,000 in the ratio 2:3:4:5:6
Solution: Let n be the value of dividend parts
Simplify: 2n+3n+4n+5n+6n = ₱4,000,000 20n = ₱4,000,000
Solve for n:
Solve for the parts: First part: ( )
Second part: ( )
Third part: ( )
Fourth part: ( )
Fifth part: ( )
2. In a recent election for class president, Tara received 5 votes for every 3
votes that Justin received. How many votes did each receive if 240 votes
were cast?
Solution: Let n be the dividend votes
Simplify: 5 8n = 240
Solve for n:
Solve for the votes: Tara’s votes: ( )
Justin’s votes: ( )
3. The event planner divided the event revenue among the creative director,
florists, and assistants in a ratio of 5 is to 2 is to 3. If the total revenue for a
project was ₱90,000, how should it be distributed among the team?
Solution: Let x be the dividend revenue
Simplify: 10x = ₱90,000
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Solve for x = ₱9,000
Substitute the value of x then solve revenue
creative director = 5x = 5(₱9,000) = ₱45,000
florists =2x = 2(₱9,000) = ₱18,000
assistants = 3x = 3(₱9,000) = ₱27,000
V. Activities
Now that you already familiar with the concepts of fractions, decimals,
percentages, and their conversions, you are now ready to take on these
different activities. Use separate sheets for you answers and show your
solutions.
Activity 1. Direct Proportion
1. Mr. Aquino, a businessman, can buy 50 cellular phones for ₱400,000.
How much will it cost if Mr. Aquino purchase 125 cellular phones?
2. If the cost of 3 pens is 24, what is the cost of 8 pens?
3. A farmer has 6 cows which eat 440 kg of feed per day. If he had 75 cows,
how many kilograms of feed would they eat per day?
4. The bus’s fare for an 8-kilometer trip is ₱65. How much is the bus fare for
a 320-kilometer trip?
5. Carla’s birthday party will cost ₱3,920 if she invites 14 guests. If the cost
is directly proportional to the number of invited guests, how much will it
cost if she invites 56 guests?
Activity 2. Inverse Proportion
1. 5 taps can fill a larger container in 6 hours. If we use 10 taps, how long
will it take to fill the container?
2. How long will it take for 2 housekeepers to clean an entire house if it
takes 4 days for 8 housekeepers to clean it? Assuming they work at the
same rate.
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3. Alicia travels to Pangasinan for 3 hours at the speed of 80 km/hr. How
long would her travel be if she has 100 km / h speed?
4. It takes 5 days for 2 painters to paint the walls of the house. How long
will it take if they will hire another 2 painters?
5. Two bakers can make 700 cookies in 10 hours. How long would it take to
make 700 cookies with 5 bakers?
Activity 3. Partitive proportion
1. The ratio of two numbers is 14:3. If the smaller number is 57, what is the
larger number?
2. Divide the 54-meter stick with a ratio of 2:4:6. What is each stick 's
measure?
3. A business’s return of investment will be allocated to three business
partners: Joey, James, and Joes in the ratio of 3:4:5, respectively. If the
total income is ₱1,200,000, how much will James receive?
4. If a share of about ₱50,000 is divided in the ratio 1:3:4, what is the
difference between the largest share and the smallest share?
5. Ram, Bryan and Josh invested in a company with a ratio of 5:3:1. If their
total investment is ₱504 000, how much was invested by Bryan?
VI. Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully then write the letter of the
best answer from the given choices. Use separate sheets of paper for your
answer and solution.
1. If 50 persons can consume a certain amount of food in 2 months, in how
many months can 40 persons consume the same amount of food?
A. months B. months C. 3 months D. 3 months
For items 2-4. A profit of P3,000.00 is to be divided among 3 individuals, A,
B and C in the ratio of 3:4:5.
2. How much is the smallest share?
A. 250 B. 750 C. 1,000 D. 1,250
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3. How much is the share of C?
A. 250 B. 750 C. 1,000 D. 1,250
4. How much would be the total shares of A and B?
A. 1,000 B. 1,250 C. 1,750 D. 2,000
For items 5-6. Susan needs 7 sacks of fertilizer to cover 3,325 square meters
of a rose farm.
5. How many sacks are needed to cover 7,125 square meters?
A. 15 B. 13 C. 11 D. 9
6. If a sack of fertilizer costs ₱1,250, how much will it cost Susan to cover
7,125 square meters of the rose farm?
A. ₱15, 790 B. ₱17,320 C. ₱18,750 D. ₱19, 430
For items 7-8. Bing and Lorie share a prize of ₱100,000 in the ratio 1:4.
7. How much did Lorie received?
A. ₱20,000 B. ₱40,000 C. ₱60,000 D. ₱80,000
8. If Lorie, her mother, and her daughter share the prize Lorie receives in the
ratio 2:1:1, how much will her mother receive?
A. ₱10,000 B. ₱20,000 C. ₱30,000 D. ₱40,000
9. A recipe for 20 rolls call for 5 tablespoons of butter. How many
tablespoons are needed for 30 rolls?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
10. Eight men have enough food for 29 weeks. How long would the food last
for 10 men?
A. 30 weeks B. 32 weeks C. 36 weeks D. 39 weeks
11. If 7 men can do a certain job in 12 days, how long would it take 6 men
to do the same job?
A. 13 days B. 14 days C. 15 days D. 16 days
12. Josie types 150 words in 5 minutes. How long will take her to type 3,500
words?
A. 116.67 mins. C. 122 minutes
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B. 120.5 minutes D.126.66 minutes
13. If a satellite travels 19,500 km in 3 hours, how far does it travel in 7
hours?
A. 25,500 km C. 35,500 km
B. 28,790 km D. 45,500 km
For items 14-15. There are 3600 basketball shorts distributed to 4 sport
houses in the ratio 1:2:3:4.
14. How many shorts does the sport house with the largest share receive?
A. 14,400 B.10,800 C. 7,200 D. 3,600
15. What is the total of shorts received by the second and third sport
houses?
A. 15,000 B. 16,000 C. 18,000 D. 20,000
VII. Reflection
Direction: Let us sum up what you have learned in this activity sheet.
Reflect on what have your learned on the kinds of proportion.
Kinds of Proportion
Direct Proportion Inverse Proportion Partitive Proportion
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VIII. References
Brainly.
https://brainly.ph/question/879203#:~:text=Partitive%20proportion
%20is%20used%20to,given%20ratio%20of%20these%20parts.
Dagal, Keneth Adrian P.,Lopez, Brian Roy C.,Martin-Lundag, & Leah
C.(2016a). Business Math Teacher’s Manual. Department of
Education. Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.
Dagal, Keneth Adrian P.,Lopez, Brian Roy C.,Martin-Lundag, & Leah
C.(2016b). Business Math Learner’s Material. Department of
Education. Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.
Helping With Math.2005. Retrieved from
https://helpingwithmath.com/direct-proportion/
Math.Com. The World of Math Online. Retrieved from
http://www.math.com/school/subject1/lessons/S1U2L2DP.html#:~:t
ext=A%20proportion%20is%20simply%20a%20statement%20that%20
two%20ratios%20are%20equal.&text=To%20find%20the%20cross%20
products,and%204%20are%20the%20means.
Math is Fun. Retrieved from
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/directly-inversely-
proportional.html
Online Math Learning.com. Retrieved from
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/proportion-problems.html
Panganod, Ruby Rose Ann. 2017. Retrieve from
https://www.slideshare.net/RubyRoseAnn/kinds-of-proportion
Santos, Durwan C. & Sta. Maria, Karl Bryan V. (2015). MATH ACTIVATED:
Engaged Yourself and Our World. Business Math. Salesiana Books by
Don Bosco Press Inc.
The story of Mathematics. Retrieved from
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/inversely-proportional
xylaxander. Partitive Proportions Word Problems. Uploaded last January
19,2017. Retrieved from
https://www.scribd.com/document/337031246/Partitive-
Proportions-Word-Problems.
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Activity 1
1. x = 1,000,000
2. x = 64
Assessment
3. x = 5,500
4. x = 2,600 1. a
5. x = 15,680 2. b
3. d
Activity 2
4. c
1. x = 3
2. x = 16 5. a
3. 2.4 hours 6. c
4. 2.5 days 7. d
5. 4 hours
8. b
Activity 3 9. a
1. x = 266 10. c
2. 1st = 9 11. b
2nd = 18
12. a
3rd = 27
13. d
3. James = ₱400,000
4. x = 18,750 14. a
5. Bryan = 168,000 15. c
IX. Answer Key
X. Development Team
Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets
Writer: Aurora T. Sarmiento
Editor: Baby Lala B. Tan / Anthony Rayley M. Cabigting, DEM
Reviewer: Kevin Junior P. Gomez, MBA
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Engr. Edgard C. Domingo, PhD, CESO V
Leandro C. Canlas, PhD, CESE
Elizabeth O. Latorilla, PhD
Sonny N. De Guzman, EdD
Elizabeth C. Miguel, EdD
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mabalacat
P. Burgos St., Poblacion, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax: (045) 331-8143
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