PE 3 individual and dual sports – Badminton
Francis Jay N. Enriquez MAN RN
Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two
opposing pairs (doubles), on a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score
points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and
lands in their opponents' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock
once before it passes over the net.
Shuttle cock
Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events: men's and
women's singles, men's , women's and mixed doubles.
Badminton’s highest governing body is the International
Badminton Federation (IBF) and has about 140 member
nations. The IBF estimates that about 200 million people play
the game worldwide.
History
Badminton began about 2,000 years ago. Then, the game
was called battledore and shuttlecock, played in ancient
Greece, India, and China. The name badminton came from the Badminton
House in Gloucestershire, where the sport was played for many years.
Gloucestershire is now home of the Badminton World Federation (formerly
known as the International Badminton Federation), which was founded in
1934. A variation was played in England in the 14th century. English officers
learned Poona in India. The term to serve comes from when English royalty
played badminton and a servant hit the shuttlecock into play at the start of the
each game and after every point. Today, it is one of the world’s most active
participation games and introduced as a full-medal Olympic sport in 1992. It
is the world fastest racquet sport with shuttles approaching speeds off the
racquet of 200 mph. A badminton player can cover more than a mile in one
match. The best shuttles are made from the left wing of a goose and 16
feathers are used to make 1 shuttle. The Thomas Cup, the men’s championship
has been won by three countries since it began in 1948: Malaysia, Indonesia,
and China. The only the Uber Cup, the women’s championship, was won
outside Asia was by the USA in 1957, 1960, and 1963; the other holders are
China, Indonesia, and Japan. The two most successful badminton countries are
China and Indonesia which between them have won 70% of all BWF events.
140 countries are members of the BWF. Badminton is the fifth most popular
sport in the world with over 200 million who play badminton worldwide from
professionals to those who play badminton as a recreational sport.
Object of the game
Two or four players using rackets try to hit a feathered object (shuttlecock) over a
high net so that it lands opposite court and cannot be hit for a successful return. The
highest score wins.
Equipment
The racquet can be made out of various materials. It should have crossed strings and a
flat hitting surface, and has a maximum length of 26.75 inches. The shuttlecock (also
called the shuttle or birdie) has a plastic mesh extending 2.75 inches from its base.
General Rules
Games are played between individuals or pairs. The serving team is called the
in side; the receiving team is outside. In rally point scoring, whoever wins
the rally wins the point.
Scoring System
A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points. The side winning a rally
adds a point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. At 29 all,
the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game. The side winning a game
serves first in the next game.
Serving/Returning
Service is the stroke used to put shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally..
The shuttle must be hit underhand into the service court diagonally
opposite the server. The server and receiver must both be in their service
courts and the receiver must be ready. All returns must be made before the
shuttle hits the ground. A shuttle that lands on the marking line is
considered in-bounds. The server calls the score after each point. If his score
is 0 or an even number, the serve is made from the right service court; if his
score is an odd number, the serve is made from the left service court.
Shots
A clear is a shot hit deep to the opponent’s back boundary. The high clear is
defensive shot, while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively. Drives are fast,
low shots that make horizontal fights over the net. A flick is a quick shot wrist and
forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing an apparent soft shot into a
faster passing one; it is used primarily on the serve and at the net. A half court shot is
a shot hit low and to the midcourt. A kill is a fast downward shot that cannot be
returned; it is also called a putaway. A push shot is a gentle shot played by pushing
the shuttle over the net and then it falls rapidly. A smash is a hard-hit overhead shot
that forces the shuttle sharply downward; it is badminton’s primary attacking shot.
Hairpin shot is made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle rising, just
clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The shuttle’s flight
approximates the shape of a hairpin.
Faults
A fault is any error that stops play, whether occurring during service, the
receipt of service or the rally (an exchange back and forth across the net that
decides a point). A fault committed by the serving side gives the serve to the
opponent; a fault receiving side gives the point to the server. A balk is any
deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent before or during the service;
often called a "feint."
Lets
A let occurs when a point does not count and must be replayed. It is called by
an umpire or agreed upon by the players
Officials: An umpire in a raised chair at the net controls the game and may be
helped by line and service judges.
Post - There will be 2 posts with height as 1.55m above floor.
Net - Color of net should be dark and its mesh should be 15-20mm. width of net
should be 760mm. Toss -The winner of toss decide the end of court or to serve first.
Scoring - When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line
on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault. There will be best of three games.
The winner of 2 games will be winner. Each game consists of 21 points. This applies
to both doubles as well as singles.
Players- A singles is played with 1 player on each side and in doubles it is 2 players
on each side.
Interval - Between 1st and 2nd game there will be an interval of 90seconds and interval
between 2nd and 3rd game should not exceed 5 minutes.
Equipment
Rackets - A racket is usually made of steel, aluminum, and graphite. The ideal length
is 27 inches and weight 85 to 140 gm for rackets.
Shuttlecock - A shuttlecock is a high drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the
cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base.
The weight of a shuttle should be 4.73-5.5gm. The feathers should have a length of
62-72 mm.
Fundamental skills
1. Racket grip
1. Forehand grip
2. Backhand grip
2. Shuttlecock grip
1. Base grip
2. Mid grip
3. Out of hand grip
3. Service
1. Flight service 2. Forehand net service
3. Backhand net service 4.Drive service
4. Strokes
1. Smash - hitting the shuttle down fast and steeply to finish a rally.
2. Drop shot - hitting the shuttle so that it falls into the other players front court.
3. Net roll - hitting a shot from the net that spins over the net.
4. Clear - hitting the shuttle from the back of your court, high into the other
players back court.
5. Lift - hitting the shuttle from the net up high into the opponents back court.
6. Drive- hitting the shuttle flat across the top of the net.
7. Block - stopping a smash from hitting the ground on your side and hitting
back over the net.
8. Lob – It sends the shuttle high and deep towards base line of opponent.
9. Forehand stroke – played from same side of playing hand.
10. Backhand stroke – played from opposite side of playing hand.
11. Block - a defensive stroke in response to smash.
Badminton terminology
1.Back gallery- area included
between the long service line and
back line.
2.Service court- portion of
court from where service
is delievered.
3. Rally- sending shuttle Over the net.
4.Server- player who puts Shuttle in play.
5.Match point- the point Which won by server
makes him Winner of match.
6.Inning- time during which a player holds service.
7.Rotation- in doubles, players keep changing their
position during the play.
Specific exercises
Exercises of warming up
1. Short running forward, backward and sideways.
2. Sideways bending
3. arm circles
4. trunk twist
5. hamstring stretch
6. to do service, smash, shots.
Exercises of conditioning
1. continuous slow running for raising endurance
2. short accelerations for improving speed.
3. weight training exercises
Common sports injuries
1. sprain in ankles and knees.
2. strain in arm, hamstring, elbow and shoulders
3. muscle cramp
4. dislocation of shoulder joint
5. fracture
6. tennis elbow
Prevention of injuries
1. Proper warming up prior to tournament
2. specific warming up after general warming up
3. proper shoe and dress
4. proper skill while playing
5. don’t play until physically fit.
Important tournaments
The BWF organizes several international competitions, including the Thomas Cup, the premier
men's international team event first held in 1948–1949, and the Uber Cup, the women's
equivalent first held in 1956–1957. The competitions take place once every two years. More than
50 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within continental confederations for a
place in the finals. The final tournament involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight
teams in 2004.
The Sudirman Cup, a gender-mixed international team event held once every two years, began in
1989. Teams are divided into seven levels based on the performance of each country. To win the
tournament, a country must perform well across all five disciplines (men's doubles and singles,
women's doubles and singles, and mixed doubles).
Badminton was a demonstration event in the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics. It became an
official Summer Olympic sport at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 and its gold medals now
generally rate as the sport's most coveted prizes for individual players.
In the BWF World Championships, first held in 1977, currently only the highest ranked 64
players in the world, and a maximum of four from each country, can participate in any category.
At the start of 2007, the BWF introduced a new tournament structure for the highest level
tournaments aside from those in level one: the BWF Super Series. This level two tournament
series, a tour for the world's elite players, stages twelve open tournaments around the world with
32 players (half the previous limit). The players collect points that determine whether they can
play in Super Series Final held at the year end. Among the tournaments in this series is the
venerable All-England Championships, first held in 1900, which was once considered the
unofficial world championships of the sport.[13]
Level three tournaments consist of Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix event. Top players can
collect the world ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF Super Series open
tournaments. These include the regional competitions in Asia (Badminton Asia Championships)
and Europe (European Badminton Championships), which produce the world's best players as
well as the Pan America Badminton Championships.
The level four tournaments, known as International Challenge, International Series and Future
Series, encourage participation by junior players.
