Contents Pronunciation table What your dictionary tells you A guide to using the dictionary The dictionary A-Z Colour illustrations clothes describing people the family the human body the living room prepositions shops and jobs space sports transport verbs of. movement wild animals Irregular verbs English names Page. inside front cover 4 6 65 66 99 100 165 166 199 200 265 266 299 300 372 378‘spelling its meanings of thel word rent definition 3 lo go and be with someone usually so! i, example idiams phr ver! par Spel difficult pa: diffe contparatives and ‘sup diftit plurals nouns with no plural propositions » that you can do something togeth ‘you je Hie ra oka he of ch tenses ult rlatives: ult The meaning of the word is explained using simple words. Any difficult wards are writien in SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS and you will aways find them in the dictionary. The } examples show you how fo use the word join" and join? are separate even though they have the same speling because one is a verb and the other is a noun. Leak at Which word? on page 7 This is shown when a verb does not add ed to form the past tense. “38; This is shown when the comparative and. superlative is not formed | wilh -er and -est i ‘This is shown when a noun does not add -s to form the plural The dictionary tells you when a noun does not have a plural, They are not used with a or an, You can find information about which prepositions to use with a wordinformation about other words - notes pictures Now look at the next page for more information on how to. use your dictionary. . E pped):: sol elhing :[ nove: Compere:these sentences. must ‘| go to bed soon (= ina short lime from || now)../ must go to bed early (= before} || the usual time). Compare also soon Jand quickly. Do itsoon(= doitina |. hort time from now). Do it quickly Foeers—oushveems what the opposite of information in your dictionary ‘There are notes to help. S you tousea word =| without making mistakes ‘There are pictures to | Sometimes itis useful ; interesting to know abt nother ward which i fike the word you are | looking at, oF lo know “ao [ is) + word is. You can find this help you understand the meanings of words. Remember, there are | also 12 colour pictur ‘your dictionary which” help you understand {c of words.How to find the word you need in your dictionary 7 This is the English alphabet abodetenijtimnoparstuvwxye- AIBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ A\js the first letter in the alphabet and Z is the last, _ Look at the letters below and put them in the correct order. obsBarztnaA Naw look at the alphabet above to see if you have the right answers. Ina dictionary the words are in the same order as the letters of the alphabet (this is called alphabetical order), so that words which start with a are at nso ofthe dictionary and words which start with z are at the end, k at these words and then put them ‘in‘alphabetical order. Now look in the main part of the dictionary to see if you have'the right answers. The word afternoon comes before the word alphabet in the dictionary. These words both begin with the letter-a, so you must look at the second letters (f and 1) to.see which one comes first, ~*~ The following words ail begin with the same letters. Put them in alphabetical order and then look to see if your answers are correct.in the same way as .if they. were:one word. instead of two,.so that brigade comes before fire engine because:b comes before e in alphabet. | You can find. phrasal verbs suchas pick up-and: sit! down by looking, the main verb (pick up.is at pick, sit down is at |i you want io find an idiom or an expression in this dictionary, look:at the most important word of the idiom (=.a word which is NOT a, the, to ete). For example, to.find the idiom give:someone a hand, look at hani Where would you’ look'to find these expressions? In this dictionary fire-engine and fire brigade are in alphabetical te fr f just a.minute behind.someone’s: back give the game away.) s | Look in the dictionary to find the answers: 7 Which word? Sometimes you will find that there are two or more words with the saine spelling (look at love far, example), love! }lav} verb (present participle loving, past loved) 21 to hava a very strong warm feeling for =) 9 someone: Mathers and fathers love their 1 5 oo children. | 2 tolika somathing very much: Maria loves | reading. oProsiTE (1 and 2): hate Jove? noun (no plural) «4 astrong warm feeling of king someone Q ‘or something very much: Her love for her | husband, the love of money ® opposite: «6 cece hatred | 2 Love a word used at the end of a letter | to someone you love or somenne in your close family 3 fall in love to begin Io love someone of * the opposite sex: He fell in love with 2 dancer. Love’ and love? are separate because they are different types of words. Love' i isa verb and love? is a noun. if you are using the dictionary to findThe sentences below have a space where a'word is missing. Look atthe list of words and decide which words you can-put in the first sentence, e.g..you can say: “‘Their: house: is. beautiful’, so BEAUTIFUL is one of the words which can go in the first sentence. Then look at the second and third sentences and choose suitable words. Remember: that there: is more than one. word for each sentence. 4 4 1.|Their house is . 2.|We .. a every day. 3./I've got a new: comeater, hat Peautirns vig trong: Cae old. sleep picyl? The words which can be used in the first sentence are all adjectives. An jective is a word which describes someone or something. The words lich can be used in the second sentence are all verbs. A verb is a word ich tells you what someone or something does, The words which can used in the third sentence are all nouns. A noun is a word which is the name of a person, place, animal or thing. ossp Now look at these words and say whether each one is a noun, a verb orjan adjective (write N, V, or A after the word). blue 4 see mother information: loud understand Me dictionary boy we the words in the dictionary and see if your answers are correct. Write a sentence using each word. Finding the right part of the word A word offen has more than one meaning. Look. at as below. @S |97; strong wz] 1 when; while: We sang as we worked, 2 because: ! can't come as I’m too busy. 3 being a particular thing for a time: She's working asa teacher fora few months. We. can use this box as a table. 4as.... a5 (used when comparing things): I'm ots old as you. t's just as good as the other one. . 5 as well also: Can | Have'some as well?Which of: the meanings of as” is being used in each of these sentences?: Write the number of ‘the meaning after each sentence. She isn’t as clever as her sister. 4. | spent 6 months as a student at that college. We watched as the train disappeared. He lived there as a yauing man. . Shall 1 come as well? They used a piece of cloth asa curtain. How to say the word Look at the phonetic symbols on the inside front cover. Now lopk at the words below and put the right word with the right sound.- cat law narrow shop father offen door got hand more car got |e} BE, | 03 ial. doy Notice that different spellings may have the same sound. Now look at these words beginning with th- and see if you can find the pronunciation for each word. this ‘ though these theatre thought their | Jist oo IF you look again at the pronunciation for theatre (/'@1ata*/)-you can s&¢ that there is a small mark like this ! in front of it. This is to tell you that yc must say the first part of theatre a little bit louder and with a little more f than the rest of the word (THEatre). Making one part of a word more important when you say it is called stress. Stress isn't always at the beginning of a word.Do you know where the stress should be for these words? Put a Vihext to the one which is right and a x next to the one which is wiong. Say the:words out loud to help you decide. ‘address add'ress aca'demic. a'cademic.. ‘accept -ac'cept Where should the stress be in these words? Put a ' in front of the part of the word where the stress should be. ex plain ex plan a tion dic tion ary village fire en gine Look in the dictionary to see if you have the right answers. Sametimes nouns and verbs which look the same have different stress, for example record (noun) is Pronounced'record, but the verb record is pronounced re'cord. ce at these examples and say whether the stress is the same or different. There has been an increase in the number of students at the school. The number of students at the school will increase-next year. °” Our country exports oil. What are Britain's main exports? Other ways your dictionary can help you Laok at pages 4 and 5 to find more information about how this dictionary can help you. Then see if you can name the different parts ofithe dictionary entry below. The first one has been done already to| help you. : : spetiing \ a a “class /klas) noun (plural classes): | 1.8 g'0up of people who learn together: {<< She Was in a class of thinly students. ‘2 a.group of people or things of the same kind: Cats belong to one class of animals, fish to another.i Jp strong ci) ‘one; any: Igave hima pencil. A bird has two legs. 2 for each; in each: The'sweels cdst 10 cents a bag. three times a year“ NOTE: An is used instead of a before ‘a word that starts with the sound of a, @, i, 0, oF UD LOOK AT: an abandon [a'bendan} verb taleave someone or something: The baby was. abandoned by its mother. We abandoned our holiday bécause we had no money. ab-bre-viastion fa,briivi'e1fnj noun ‘a short way of writing a word or name: Mr is the abbreviation for Mister. ABC j,01 biz 'sis) noun the English alphabet: She's leamiig her ABC. ab-do-men j'bdaman/ noun the front parl of your body below your waist arbibi-ty ja'bilau) noun (no plural. the power er knowledge to do something: Doctors now have ‘the abilly to keep people alive for much longer. able /'erbl} adjective having the power or the knowledge to do something: fs he abie lo swim? I'm afraid 1 won't be able to come. b oposite: unable aboard [a'toxi! preposition, adverb ‘on or onto a ship or plane: Are ail the passengers aboard? abolish ja'boli{! varb toend something or get rid of t by law: The new government abolished the tax on wine. abol-btion | zeba'l1fn/ noun (no plural) ending or getting rid of something by law: the abolition of taxes about {o'baui) preposition, adverb 1 concerning: What are you talking about? a book about birds absorb 2 aliitle more or less than: Come at abgut six o'clock: | Shere and there: The children were Kickinga ballabout, They walked about Ine town. | 4 be about to do something io be jst going to do something: /.was about, to come and see you. 5 how about/what about used wien you are suggesting something: What abput some lunch? How about going io the cinema? | arhove fatbav/ adverb, preposition | 1 ata higher place; higher than; over: The picture is on the wall above my desk. blue sky above b opposite: below — picture on page 168 | 2 more than’a certain number or amatint: children above.the age of five | 3 above all more than anything else; njost important of al: {want you fo remember this above all, | abroad |2'brow) adverb | in or lo a foreign country: My brother is studying abroad. He wants to go abrdad. abrupt /s'brapt{ adjective | 1 sudden: an abrupt knock at the dear 2 nol polite: an’ abrupt answer ‘to|his question abruptly ja! braptlijadverb | ab-sence /!zbsans} noun (no plura))| not baing there: Her absence was noticed by her friends. b oprosmre: presence ab-sent /!zbsant{ adjective | not there; not present: He was absent from work last Tuesday. ab-sentemind-ed_|,bsont 'man adjective nol noticing things that are happening around you, and oflen forgetting thijgs ab-sodute |icebsalu:) adjective. | complete: Are you teling me the absq truth? | ab-solutely |,cbso'luxtlij adverb | 1 very; completely: t's absolutely beaut You must keep it absolutely secret. | used to show that, you agree |with someone: “Do you think I'm right?” “Absolutely!” wtf absorb job'soxb] verb to take in liquid stowly iu. aoe Wabsorbent I2 to learn: and understand ‘something Ihoroughly: Haven realy absorbed a he linformation yet. Sor-bent /ab'sa:bani/ adjective ble to take jn quid This materia is quita wbsorbent,! "2 -sorb:ing /3b'sozbin/ adjective. ery. interesting: an, absorbing book urd /ab'sa:dj adjective ‘Nery silly: The story was so absurd that no ne believed jl. absurdly jab!saxdli/ a B L BeBe diverts muse! fa!bjuiz] verb (present participle busing, pas! abused) call someone rude names or speak uudely fo them use? /abjuss/ noun (no plural) tude things seid: to. someone: He shouled abuse at me... bad Irealmentor wrong use: the problem f drug abuse @-demic | ccka'demikj adjective » ‘oncerning the. wark done in schools, colleges, or universilles: academic subjects ac-cent /':eksont/ noun way of speaking that shows hata person comes from-a particular. place: Maria ks English with an italian accent, accept jak'sepi/ verb to receive.or take. something that is fered to you:.Will you accept my. offer? flaccepted another piece of cake, to agree to do someting: David asked three friends to his party, and they ail ccepted. acjcep-tarble /ak'septabl) adjective H good enough qualily: Your work isnot eplable: acjeept-ance jok'septons) ncuin (no ura) apreement to: receive or lake something tals oleredto you: her acceptance ofthe ehh ew ere ac'cess | 'ekses/ noun (no plural) alway to get toa place, a person, ora thing: ere is no access to the sireet through lal door. Siudenls need access ta books, ac-cident /eksidanij noun t|something, often bad, that happens by chance: John’s had anaccident, he's been 12 hil by a car. I'm sory | broke the cup, it was an accident. 2 by accident by chance; not on Purpose: /cid/it by accident. ac-ciden-tal& [veckst 'dentl) accident ac-ci-den-tallly } zekst'dentir) adverb nol on purpose: | accidentally brake-a glass. ac-com-mo-date: |s'komadert/'verb (present participle accommodating, past accommadated) 4 ta give someone a place ta live or stay in 2 lo have space for something: You coulc! accommodate another. four children in your class. ac-com-mo-da-tion fa, koma!deifn) noun {no pluraly somewhere live or slay: Imus! find some accommodation, oye: Remember that ihe noun accommodation has no plural: ‘Aéeommadltion wil! be provided for tha students, Do you have any accommodation? ac-com-parny fa!kampani/ verb {present participle... accompanying, past accompanied) 1 to go wits someane: He accompanied me to the doctor's. 2'to play music while someone’ else is singing or playing another instrument: Maria sang and | accompanied her an he piano. ac-com-plish /9'kmplif} verb to: do. or finish’ something: accomplished a lol during the day. ac-complished /2'kampli[y ‘adjective very: good at doing something: an accomplished musician ac-cord ja'ko:d) noun (no plural) of your awn accord withaul being asked: ‘She went of her own accord, Weac-cord-ing to /a!ko:d1n ws preposition from what is said or written: According to the map we'ra very close io the sea. ae-count! jo!kaunt{ noun 5 1 a.stary: or description: am exciting account of the match 2 2.a list of payments owed to: someone 3 anamount of money kept in a bank: He paid the money into his bank account. 4 on account of because of: We stayed al home on account of the bad weather. 5 take. something into account. to consider: something before: making a decision: You mus! take the,price into accaunt when choosing which one to buy. 6 accounts (plural noun): lsis of money that a person or company spends and ears . . account? verb "account for to give.the reason: for something: I can't account for her strange behaviour, ac-coun-tant ja! kauntantj. noun ‘@ person whose job is to keep lists of money spent and money: eamed: for people or companies acewrate j!xkjumy) adjective right; correct: 4s this waich accurate? accurately j!zkjuratl| adverb > orposmre: inaccurate. accusation | zkju'ze1n| noun an act of saying thal someone has'done something wrong:accusalions of cheating ac-cuse /o'kjusz] verb (present parliciple accusing, pas accused) lo say that someone has done something wrong: The teacher accused Paul of cheating. ‘ ac-cus-tomed to /3'kastomd tx adjective used to something: I'm notaccustomed to this sort of behaviour. ache! jeik/ verb (present participle aching, past ached) 2 to be painful; to hurt: Her head ached. ache? noun ‘continuing pain: a stomach ache achieve /a'ifiry/ verb (oresent participle achieving, past achieved) tosucceed in doing something by works He achieved iop marks in the examination. a-chieve-ment j>!fisvimont) noun something that you have worked har and done well : acid |'xsid) noun ‘a powerlul liquid that can burn thing acid rain | sid 'rein noun (no-piural) rain which causes damage to lreasjand plants because it contains ‘acid put inte the air by factories . 6 | acknowledge /ak!nolidsj verb (present Bariiciple “acknowledging, - past acknowledged) | 41 agree that something is tru! Dg you acknowledge that you've been wrohg? 2 towrite lo someone to say thal youhave received something: Please acknowledge my letter. 4 acorn j'eiks:n] noun | ‘a small nut which grows on OAK trees acquaintance /a'kweintans).noyn 2 person you know slightly because you hava met himfher a few limes ® COMPARE: friend | acquainted [o'kweintid} | be acquainted with to know sompane: ‘Are you acquainted with Mr Stith ae-quire /atkwaral] verb (present par acquiring, past acquired) | to get or buy something: How diy you acquire this money? / were ficikat] noun, | a measure of land; 4,047 square rp acro-bat }'ekrobei/.n0un / 2 parson who performs in 2 cin < does dificult tricks with their body! eros ja'kros| adverb, prepositi from one side of a place to the alti the other side of something: They|swa across the river. the house across ih — see picture an page 166 | act! jeckt} verb wooet 4 to do something or behave'in a Gertain way: You're acting like a fool...) for ty 3 2 to pretend la be someone else, ina: play ‘or film | Bact as to be in place of somepne or ‘something: This room acts as her|ollice. aet? noun. wren) 1 an-action: an act of bravery2 somthing pretended: She saemshappy it it's just an act. @ part of a play 3 acting /':ektn/ noun (no plural) the work dane by an ACTOR or ACTRESS acition j'ekjo}-noun 4] something that yau do: His quick action ved her life. The government must take action to help the poor. iin action doing something: photo- sphs of the players in action during the ich 3jout of action not working: My car is out of action. active jukuy| adjective tlalways doing things: He is an active jember of the club. an active old lady 2 {doing the action: in the sentence “John iokad the ball”, “kicked! isan active verb, Plorrosir: passive acctiv-lty faxk!uvauy foun 1 (plural activities) something you do, especially lo enjoy yoursell: Dancing is her favourite activity. 2 {na plural being abtive: The classroom was [ull of activity, every child was busy. actor f'ekiat] noun - @ man who acts in plays or films ac-tress /!:ekris| noun (plural actresses) a Woman who acts in plays or fms actual /'ektjual) adjective ‘ed and clear: We think he stale the money, bul we have no actual proof. ac-tirably jekyuali! adverb 1 ipally; in tact: Do you actually believe thal? I've spoken to him on the telephone but i've never actually met him, 2 Used to sayin a polite way that someone hap a wrong idea: Actually, the fim starts ai 3 o'clock, not 4, = ADA j,cr ‘cis alter the birth of Christ, used in dates: the year A.D. 700 ad feed) noun an advertisement adapt faldepi} verb 119 change something to make it more ble: 2 Klchen adapted for blind people become used to something: The have adepled to their new school. adaptable [a'deptabl) adjective (of@ person) able to become used to new things easily add jzedj verb to put something together with something else: Ifyou add 2 and 7 you get 9-To make the cake, mix butter and sugar and then add flour. 2 add up-to put numbers or amounts together to find a total: Add up these numbers. ican’tadd up(= lam not gaod at putting numbers together and finding the correct total). b oPposTE: subtract 3 to say. something more. adéder /'zed3"j noun a snake with a darigerous bite ad-di-tion /o'dijnj noun 1 (no plural) adding numbers or amounts fogether 2 someone or something added: an adattion to the family (= & new baby) 3 in addition to as well as: In addon to English; the children also learn German and Spanish, ad-dress' a'dires| noun (plural addresses) the name of the place where you live: Please write your name and address, address? varb 1 to write an address on something: She addressed the leiter lo Mrs Wilson. 2to peak to someone: The captain addressed his team: ad-e-quate /!edikwat/ adjective enough: an adequale amount of food > orrosire: inadequate adjec-tive }'dsrktvj noun a word that describes someone or something: In the phrase “a’ beautiful song", “beautiul" is an adjective. adjust /o'dsast/ verb to make a small change in something to make it batter ad-minds-tra-tion ad,min'stre1fn) noun (no piural) looking after or contratiing a business or organization admi-ral j'edmaral{ noun the most important officer in the navy ad-mi-ra-tion j,dma're1fn) noun (no plural)thinking a person or thingis very goad, nice to look al, eto. . ad-mire fad! maia"] verb (present participle admiring, past admired) 1 to respect and approve ol someone or something 2 to think a person or thing is very nice to {ook at: ! was just admiring your new car. ad-mis:sion jad'm1fnj noun 4 saying that you have done something wrong or bad: an admission of guilt 2 (no plural) permission to goin toa place: ‘Admission was iree for children: ad-mit fod'iniy verb (present participle admitting, past admitted) 4 to agree Ihat something unpleasant about yoursell is rue: She admitted she was lazy. OFPOEITE: deny 2 to let someone in to a place: This ticket admits two people to the football match. ad-o-les:cent {{zda!lesont) noun a boy of girl belween about 13 and 18 years old > SAME MEANING: teenager adopt {a'dopt/ verb to lake 8 child into your family and treat him orher as your own adore folda:!] verb (present participle adoring, past adored) tolove someone or something very much: She adored her son. | adore chocolate. adbult {tedatt, a4dalt] noun ‘a grown-up person:2groupofaduiltsand 4 children . . ad-vance? jad'varns}. verb (present participle advancing, past tense advanced) to move forward: The army advanded foward the town. P coMPane: retreat advance? noun . in advance before something happens or before you do something: You mus! pay in advance. “ ad-vanced jfod'vainst} adjective ofa high or diffcull level: advanced classes : ad-van-tage jad'va:nuds) noun something that helps a person: it is.an . advantage to speak saveral languages. > oprosire: disadvantage Engiish ad-ven-ture fad'ventfa‘/ noun an.exciling thing that happens to sor ad-ven-tur-ous [ad' ventfaras} adjec liking a fife full of adventures | ad-verb /'idva:bj noun | word which tells us how, when, or where something Is dane: In the sentence "|She spoke loudly." “loudly” is an adverb. ad-vert /'zdvsit{ noun | an adverlisement ad-ver-tise /!dvotaiz): verb (present pariiciple advertising, past advertiped) fo pul notices in a public place to igive people information about something} The company has spent a lot of maney advertising its new shampoo. | ad-ver-tise-ment /ad'va:tismant/ foun ‘anolice ora short film alfering somelhing for sale: a nawspaper advertisement, an advertisement for a new soap | advice: jad'varsj noun (no plural | a suggestion about what someone siould "me do: Ifyou take my advice you'll go That's good advice. | adbvlse fad'varz| verb (present pariicivle advising, past advised) | totell someone what you think they should da: She advised me to.go home. acral = (Seibss |S aerial |'earialf noun | 2 wite dn top of a biillding’ of pieue of apparatus which sends ‘out or refeives radio ar lelevision signals | aer-o-bies feo! rovbiks} noun (no pura) ‘a form of very active exercise deine’ to music : aer-o-plane /esraplein] noun a large flying machina with wings. i people can travel — see piclure op page 266 | aer-o-sol /!earasol) noun a conlainer from which @ liquid SPRAYED — see picture at sprayaffair /o' feat) noun @ sexual relationship between two leople, especially one- which is secret jecause they are married to ather people: °r husband was having an aifatr, an event: The party was a noisy affair. affairs (plural noun) things connected ith @ particular subject: government affairs affect ja'teky verb tg make a difference ta someone or sbmething: The hot weather affected his pall (= made him il) affee-tion /o'fékjn) noun (no'plira) tHe feeling of king and caring for another person affec-tion-ate /a'fekinay adjective. feeling ‘oF showing love affectionately fajfokfnault/ adverb afford fa! fad) vert tg have enough money to pay for Imathing: We can’t afford a-hallday: afraid fo'frerdj adjective D/SAME MEANING: Scared af-ter /'a:fs"} preposition : 1 [ler than; following: Tomorrows the: day alter today. » OPPOSITE: before 2 behind; trying to catch: The child ran affer her dog. 3 afterall in spite of what-you dic or thought before: / thought it was a mistake but it was right after all, * 4 Gfter that next; then: What did she do aiter that? 5 be after something tobe irying to get something: | think he's after more money, afternoon j,a:fia!u:nj/ noun tha time between the middle of the cay and evening: Good afternoon,..Mrs Brown (=|said as a greeting), : afte er-wards |'c:fiswadz) adverb latgr; alter something has happened: We saly the film and afterwards walked home: sed us again soon. 2 again and again many times 3 nlow and again sometimes but not very often: My aunt visits us now and again, 16 a-gainst /o'genst, o!geinstf preposition not agreeing with someone: or something: f'm agains! kiting animals for their fur, opposite: in favour of 2. on the alher side in a game or. match: We're playing agains! the village leam. 3 close to; louching: Put the ladder against the wail, — see picture on page 166 4 in order to stop something happening; government aciion against the job losses 5 against the law not allowed by the law: It's against the law to dive too fast, age jetds/.noun 1 the number of years someone has lived ‘or something has been: What age is he? He is ten years of age. 2 (no plural) one Of the periods’ of a person's life: old age; at a young age 3 (no plural being old: The wine improves with age. 4a period of time’in history 5 ages a long ime: We talked for ages. aged /eid3d) adjective being ofa particular age: children aged six and under compare: old ‘@gent /'cidsant/ noun @ person who looks after business for someone else: our company's agent in ‘New York 4 ago }o'gou/ adverb in the past: We came to live here six yea ago. a few minutes ago S Nore: Ago Is used with the past lense of verbs, but you cannot use it with past tenses which are formed with have. Compare thesa sentences: He arrived a month ago. He has bean ‘here since last month. LooK ar: before and since ag-o-rny |'zgani) noun (no plural) very bad pain ° a@aree ja'gti:) verb (present participle agreeing, past tense agreed) 110 have the same opinion as someone else: | agree with you. We all agreed. 2 agree to something Io say yes to something: He agreed to the plan. agree with something to believe that something is right; approve of something > ovrosire: disagree@-gree-ment fa'grismant) noun 1 an arrangement or promise’ between people or countries: Britain has trade agreements with many other countries. 2 (no plural) having the same opinicn as someone else: They finally reached agreement on the price. 3 in agreement having tne same opinion: We are all in agreement... agricultural | gn 'kiltforal) adjective used in farming or to do:with farming agriculture Heeprikalfor) noun (no plural) the sclence of growing crops and raising animals ® SAME MEANING: farming, avhead jo'hed) advarb 4 forward: Wak straight ahead unt! you reach the river. 2 al-a distance in-front of someone or something: | saw her ahead of me. aiid! ferd] noun (no plural © “help: aid for poor countries ald? varb to help someorie > SAME MEANING: assist AIDS jeidz) noun (no plural. avery serlauis disease which desirays the body's abilly to fight iInesses aim! erm} verb lo point something and gat ready lo throw itor fire il lowards a person or thing: to aim a gun at someone... 2 lowantto do something: We > compane:(2) intend aim? noun 4 anact of pointing something and gating ready toto ita freit towards person or thing . 2 something you want todo. |., allr*feat] noun (no plural) 4 the gas surrounding the earth. which people breathe 2.an appearance: an air of excitement 3 byairin an aircraft: We travelled by ai. 4 the air the space above you: He ihrew his hat into the air, air? verb : to make s room or clothes iresh by letling air into.them 5 air-con-di-tion-ing :/'e: kendzfnin/ noun (no plural) mito win, machines for keeping the air in a bui cool alr-crafft /'cokra:it/ noun (plural alrcratt) a flying machine - alr-field [!cafirldj noun | a place where aircraft land... | airforce /'cofxs| noun | soldiers who use, aircraft for figiting D> COMPARE: army, navy | aly hostess /‘eo ,houstis| noun ..| i ‘@ woman whose jab is to look alte passengers on a plane airless /'colrs) adjective without any fresh air: an alles. oom > o-Posrre: airy airline }'calmoj noun a. company which carries people or 9 ds by plane | airmail /!eamerl/ noun (no plural laters and parcels sent by zieraft air-port |'eapsu-noun a place where aircraft are kapt'and where. they arrive and leave — sea pictars on page 266 : alr raid /'ca red) noun” an allack by sotdiers in airaratt * | alr-y /'carif adjective (airier, airiest) ” having fresh air inside: an airy te b opposite: airless [ aisle jail/ noun a narrow passage between rows of fi seals 12 (3 ajar joldjor") | = adjective =8 | (of a door or window) riot quite closed a‘tarmt ja!tazm) Aoun | 1 (nd plura)'a feeling of fear of dariger 2 samething such’as a bell that Wars people of danger: fire alam { alarm? verb | to'worry: someone or rhake ae | alarm cock fatlazm ;klok) noun | ‘aclock that rings bell al the lime you td wake up ol album /'zibam/ noun | 1 abook with empty pages where yal! can put photographs, stamps, atc. <| 2.2 record with several songs onleach side: a Michael Jackson albumtaining alcohol: an aleahalia drink. alert fa'lou} aciective and quick to notice things al-ge-bra ':eldsibraf noun (no plural) a kind of MATHEMATICS in which you use letters to represent numbers en j'erlian} noun, a grealure from another world: 2 snaceship full of aliens ight jo"ait) adjective toUming; on fire: The house was alight. alike ja!latk} adjective, adverb the same in some way: They. were all Plone alike in white, dresses. ci compare: similar ive fa'larv} adjective. living; not dead: /s his grandiather stil alive? all jou!) adjective, adverb y ihe whole amount of; Don't eat aif that ad! every one.ol: all the children, 3 bompletely: He was dressed alfin biack. 4 all over everywhere: I’ve been looking alf over for you. Sinot at all nol in any way: I'm nol at all ‘hungry. She didn't understand it at al. aller-gic /a'is:dsak/ adjective 1 caused by an allergy: an allergic rash 2 becoming ill when you eat, drink, or tolich a particuler thing: !'’m allergic to.cals. aller-gy /':eladss/ noun (plural allergies) af illness that causes you to become ill every time you eat, drink, of touch a particular thing alley | eels) noun a Very narrow road inla town alilance Je}laransf noun an agreement between countries 7| groups fo work together for a purpose al-ll-ga-tor /'aligerta"] noun a large animal with a long body and short alley, 1B legs which lives on-land and in rivers in some countries aldow ja'lou/ verb to let someone do something: You're not allowed to go in there, b opeosire: forbid all right j 011 rautj (also alright) adjective, adverb 1 well; not hurt: Do you fee! all right? 2 good enough; quite good: The film was all right but I've seen better ones. 3 yes: | agree: “Shall we golotown?" “Alt right, let’s.go now.'" aly /'zlai/ noun (plural allies) ~-sameone who helps you work or. fight against someone else almost /!s:Imoustj adverb nearly:. it’s aimast 9 o'clock. adone /a'iouny adjective; adverb 1 not with other people: He jivas alone. > compare: lonely 2 only: She alone knows the truth. 3 leave someone or something alone to stop touching or disturbing someone or something: Leave the dog alone! atfong Jo'log/ prepostion, adverb 1 following the length of; from end to enc of something long and thin:, We walked along ihe road. the houses along the street — see picture on page 166 2 forward: Move along’pleasel + 3 with you: Gan | bring my friend: along? a-long-side: /2,!0q'said/ preposition, adverb by the side of something aloud |o!aud) adverb ina voice thatis easy to hear: Sheread the slory aloud. al-phatet /'w1fabei/ noun the letters of a language in’ special order: The Englsh alphabet begins wit A anc ends with Z. al-phabeti-cal /,wifo'betiki} adjective “in the same order as the letters of the alphabet: The words in this dictionary are in alphabetical order. alread-y /o:!'redi/ adverb 1 before now: He has seen that flm twice already. 2 by this or thal time: itwas already raining when we started our journey. P LOOK AT: just and yetabright }>:1'rait{ adjective, adverb another word for all right also |'s:lsouy adverb as well; 100 Note: When there is only ane verb put also before the verb, unless it is the verb be which must have also aller it: He enjoys icotball and crickel, and he also likes tennis. She tikes music and she is also interested in sport. When there are two verbs, put also after the first one! 7 would also like to come, It is an expensive sport which can also be dangerous. altar /!s:ta") noun, a raised table in a religious place where things are offered to a god alter /'s:lia"} verb to change: She allered her plans. alteration |,stlia'rerfn} noun a.change alternate fa:l'w:naif adjective first one, then another: He works on alternate Saturdays (= "he works one ‘Saturday, does nat work the next, and so on). abternattive® /o:!'tinauy) noun something you can do or use instead. of something else: You must go ~ there is no alternative. alternative? adjective different trom something: else: an alternative plan al-though j3:1'330/ tevenitjin spite ofsomething: Although they are poor they are happy. al-to-geth-er | ja:l(o'geda"] adverb’ - counting everyone: or everything: completely: Altogether there were 12 ‘people in the bus. He's not allogether sure what to do. always /!olwer2/ adverb 1at-all times: He always arrives lato. > opfosrre: never 2 for ever: | shall always remember you, Note: When-there is only-one verb pul always before the verb; unless It is the verb be which must have always afler it: We always enjoy our holidays. Its always nice to see When there are two verbs, put always after the first one: You mu always be careful when you cross road. She is always complaining. am fam; strong xem] verb the pat ofthe verb be that we use wth I Tam very sorry. Ain I late for dinner? I'm (= Lam) very fate, aren't I? amaze fo!'merz]-verb (present pariiiole amazing, past amazed) | to surprise someone very much | a@maze-ment js'metzmant{_ nour! plural | very grea surprise: His mouth pend in amazement. | amazing /o!meizin) adjective very suring and exeling: Wha an important person who represents her government in another country am-bi-tion fxm'bifnj.noun 1 (no plural) strong wish to be successful 2 something you very much want 3 Her ambition was to be a famous sitger. am-bi-tious fmm'brfas} adjective wanting very much tobe successt| ambulance. amb} embjulans} noun a special vehicle jor carrying people who afe ill or wounded ammunition . [yzemju'nifaj noun (no plura) | something thal you can shoot from a weapon | among /a! nay] (algo'amongst /a'mianst/) preposition | 1 inthe middle of a lot of péople or things: houses among the frees 2 between three or more people; The money was shared among the charen Look At: between 3 in a parlicular group’ of peo} camman problem among young pi le a le 49a@-mount /o'maunij noun {sum of monay or a quanlity of something Jarge amount of gold Jeemp/ noun ° al measure of electricity antple /*:empl/ adjective . ak much as. you need and mare coMPARE:, enough use Ja!mjuzz/ verb (present participle amusing, pas! amused) 1g make someone laugh or smile use-ment fa'mjuszmant} noun 4(n0 plura) enjoyment 2/an enjoyable thing to do @-mus:ing /a' mjurzin/ adjective ing you laugh or smile: an amusing Slory SAME MEANING: funny ° an lian Strong zen} uzed inslead of a belore aword that starts with the sound ofa, e,j,0, aru: dn apple, af orange fore: You use,an inslead of a belare words beginning with a vowel sound, 9. a dog, a girl, # house, bul an gmbrella, af elephant, an object. Remember that there is sometimes a ifference ‘in the way a word is spell ind the way il sounds. Use an before rds which begin with a vowel ound bul are-not spelt wilh a, e, i, OF ual the beginning, 2.9, An’ MG (F [,em'd5iz) is @ type of car. In the, me way use a, not an, wilh words hich are spell with a vowel al the © jinning but co not begin.with a wel sound, e.g. a Eujopean | iuara'pizan)) country. anges-thetie | sems'deuk) noun tors to stop. them feeling pain, especially by making them sieep va-lyse. |'enalatz], verb (present ticinle analysing, pas! analysed) tolook at something very carefully to find out what itis made af or ta understand it: We need toanalyse this problem careiuily bejore deciaing what to do. . a-naby-sis /a'neiasis/:noun (plural analyses /a'nzelasizz)) @ Garaful examination of something 20 an-ees-tor /liensesta"/ noun person in your family who.tived a long time before you were born anchor |'cenka"] noun a heavy weight, dropped down {froma ship.to the bottom af the sea to stop the ship from moving an-cient /!einfon) adjective very old: ancient. history, an ancient building and font; strong znd * a word ‘used lo join two words, expressions, or paris ofa sentence: / went {0 the siation and bought my ticket! had a drink and a piece of cake, angel j'eindgalj noun x a messenger from Gad, usually shown in pictures as.a person with wings... amger /‘enga'} noun (no plural) the feeling of being vary annoyed ; angle /'aqglj noun the shape made when two straight lines mee! each othar : : angler 'iengla'} noun @ person wha goes fishing using @ rod an-grlly |!engriti/ adverb ina way that shows anger: “Go away!" she said angrily, se an-gry |'ngri/ adjective (angrier, angriest) oe feeling very annoyed: I'm very angry with them. D> SAME MEANING: cross an-guish /'qgwifj noun (no plura): great suffering or pain ‘mal !zenimi/ noun something alive thal is not a person ar a plant: Dogs, goats, and lions are animals, anvkle |!zenkl] noun : “the bottom part of your feg just above your foot, which can bend — see picture’on page 100 anniversary. {,ent'vstsori). noun (olural anniversaries) the same date each year that something important happened in the past: We weremarried on 7th April 1973,'so every year we have a parly on ouranniversary (= 7th Apri. Note: An anniversary is’ day when you remember something special or important which happened on the same date in an earlier year: Their wedding anniversary is June 12th (= they got married on June-42th): Today is the. 50h anniversary oi the and of the war. A person's birthday ig the date on which they were born: My birthday is October 20th {= Iwas born on October 20h). an-naunce ‘js! niuns)- verb (present participle announcing, pas! announced) to’ say ‘something in public: The'captain announced thal the plane was going to and. announcement /o!navasman) noun something written or spoken to tel! people important news:a wedding announcement in the newspaper an-nounceer /o!naunss"] noun a person whose job is to broadcast informatian to people, on radio er television © or ata station, airport, etc, annoy /2'ns1j verb. to make someone angry: | was annoyed because | missed the bus and was fale for work. an-nwall |'exjual) adjective, happening every year: a? annual event an-o-rak |'enarek) noun: a short, warm coat with a cover for your head another /a!nsd9" one more: Would you like another cup of tea? 2 acilferent one: This plate is broken, can you get me another one? an-swer' |'aznsa‘} verb 4 ta say or vite sortething ator youhave been asked a question: “Did you do it?" “No, | didn't," she answered. .b sise MEANING: reply 2 answer the doorioopen the daar when someone knocks on it 3 answer the telephone to pick up the telephone when it rings jany answer? noun | 4-something that you say or write alter you have bean asked a question: My answer is "no". 2 the correct fesull ofa sum or the carrect name or fact for a question: Do you know the answer? That's the wrong answer, an-swer-ing ma-chine /!c:ns2r1p ma,Jixnf noun. |, amachine which aniswers your léleghone and records messages when you aje out ant jeni/.noun i a small insect that lives in large-ardups an:te-lope. /'ntilaup) noun, (plural antelope or antelopes) 2 wid animal that runs very fast an! has hos on its head ~ see picture onjpage 300 | an-tibiotic | aeatitiar uk) noun} a lype of drug used to fight ines in person's body: The doctor gave rhe an anlibiotic for my sora throat. ate [cenusipert/ verb (present participle anticipating, past anticipated) lo expect something to happen: We anticipate a few problems. | an-ti-clock-wise. ,enti'klok\waiz/ adjective, adverb I in the opposite direction to the way the hands of & clock move round > oProsiT: clockwise i an-tique Jco'tirky noun an object which is old and worth money: an antique lable Ir amche-ty ien!zareti/ noun (no pidral) a feeling of worry : , anxious ['enk{as) adjective | 4 | ‘worrled an-y? fen) adjective 1 it dogs not matter which one: ¥¢ buy them in any big shop. On any flay of the week. | . 2 used in questions and sentencgs with “not"' to mean "some": Have.ydu any bread? There isn't (= Is nol) anyjin the cupboard. | Nove: Use any, not'some, in| questions and in NeGarve sentences: I must buy some coffee. Is there|any coffee? There isn't any coffee. ButWhen you are asking for something r offering something you use some: /ould you like some coffee? Cant lave same coffee please? any? adverb fed in, questions and sentences with “fot” to mean,"‘at all: Don't (= do nal) ive any faster. Are yo feéling any better? any-bod:y |'en1,bod1) ly person: Has anybody seen my pen? Ste liked John, but she wouldn't talk to iybody else (= any other people). Note: Use anybody or aiyane, not Somebody or someone in questions and in Negative senlences: There was spmebody waiting outside. Is there anybody there? There wasn't anybody at home. an-y-how /'enthau) adverb arjother word for anyway an-y-one /'eniwan} anpther word for anybody Look ar: anybody an-y-thing /'en019/ 7 ised in questions and sentences with ae tomean “something”: Do you want anything? She didn't want anything else (<|any other things) to eat. pre: Use anything, not something, in| questions and in NeGaTive, sentences. ! must get something fo ahink. Have you got anything ta otink? | don't want anything to drink, 2 : ‘does nat matter what thing: Please tell ma if there's anything | can do to help. anyway /'eniwei/ adverb 1 in spite of something else: The dress cost a [Gt of money, but { bought it anyway, sed when you are saying something wien supports what you have just said: / dofs't want togo - anyway thaven't been 3 idany way: You can do the job anyway like, an-y|where j'eniweo"} adverb in, gt, oF to any place: / can't find my key anywhere. Have you been anywhere else (= jo any other places)? apart jo'past) adverb 1 stparately; away fram anolher, or olhers: 22 The two villages are-6 miles apart. 2 apart from except: All the children like music apart fram Joseph. @part-ment /o'paztmant} noun a part of a.buillding, on one floor, where someone lives P SAME MEANING: ape jerp/ noun a large animat like a monkey, but with a very shor! tail o-no tail ‘apol-o-gize fa!poladsuz) verb (present participle apologizing, pas! apolagized) to say that you are sorry about something you have done: He gpologized tor his bad behaviour. apol-o-gy /a'poladsi/. noun (plural apologies) something that you say or write to show hat you are sorry about something you have done @-pos-tro-phe {5'postrafi] noun. the sign (}) used in, writing to show that letiers have been leftout, @.9. don tinstead af do nol, oF with 5 to show that someone ‘owns something, as in Sarah's book or Jadies' hats ap-paling |o'po:n/ adjective very bad: an appalling accident, an appalling fim ® SAME MEANING: dreadful ap-parra-tus | po! reitas) noun (noplura) tools or other things needed for a spacial purpose: There is sports apparatus in the gym. ap-par-ent ja'pecrant{ adjective clearly able lo be seen or understood: it was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. > SAME MEANING: obvious ap-par-entily /a'parrantli/ adverb used when you are saying that samething seems to be true: They've been married Jor 20 years, and apparently they're very happy. appeal /a'pislj verb 1 ta ask for something strongly; beg for: Sho appealed to me tor help. 2 appeal to someone to please orinterest someone: That lype of holiday doesn't appeal tame, appeal? noun an act of asking for something: an appea! for moneyap-pear /o' ‘to seem: She appears io be unhappy. 2 to. come inta sight suddenly: Her head ‘gppeared round ihe door, OPPOSITE: disappear ap-pear-ance }o!prorens}. noun 1 the sudden arrivat or coming into sight of a person or thing 2 the way a person looks to other people: his neat appearance ap-pe-tite /'zpitatt} noun. the wish for food: {Jost my appetite when twas it be ap-plaud /a'plord) verb to hit your hands together many times to show that yau liked or enjoyed something: Everyone applauded when the music ended. > SAME MEANING: clap ap-plause /a'plo:z} noun (no plural) hitting your hands together many times to show thal you liked or enjoyed something: the sound of applause . ap-ple /‘zplj noun ‘round, hard, juicy. fruit which is usually red of green — see picture at fruit apple ple {,zpl 'pai) noun ‘a lype of sweat cake with cooked apples in the middle ap-pli-ance /a'plarans/ noun ‘an instrument or piece of equipment for doing something useful: kitchen appliances such as washing machines ap-pli-ca-tion j,pli'ke1snj noun ‘a written paper asking for something: an application for @ job - ap-ply jo'plar/ verb: (present participle applying, past applied) : 1 toask lor something: ! want lo apply for the job. a 2 tobe important or useful to.@ particular person: The rules apply to everyone, 3 to pul somathing on a surface: to apply make-up to your face ap paint fa!paint) vero to give someone a job: / appoinied her as my secretary. ap-point-ment f!parnimant/ noun: 1a lime arranged for seeing someone:.1 made an appointment Jo see the doctor. 2ajob sates ap-pre-clate /o'pri:frett/ verb participle — appreciating, appreciated} ho to be grateful far something: / appre your help. ap-prenttice /2!prentis/ noun ‘someone whois learning a job, esp a job you do with your hands ap-proach [o'proutf/ verb ta. come near i ap-pro-pri-ate {a!provprial) acfe right;stilable appropriately jo'praupriatit/ adverb oProsmre: Inappropriate) api 2 ‘the judgement or apinion that somebne or something is good P-OPPpsiTe: disapproval i ap-prove /a'pruzy verb (resent p ‘approving, past approved) to think that something is go approve of smoking. & on disapprove 1 ap-prox.i-mate /a'proksimay/ adie ‘not exact: Our approximate time is two o'clock (= it might be just before or Just after two). approximately {0! math) adverb : a-pri-cot j'eiprikol noun a round, soft, yellow fruit Avprill |'cipral{ noun the fourth month of the year a@-pron:/'cipren/ noun a large piece of cloth that you put. - ‘on top of your other clothes, to. keep your clothes clean when you are cooking @-quar4-um [o'kweartam) noun | large glass box in which lve fish ate kept arch ja:tj] noun. (plural arches) a curved shape likethe curved part of a bridge archaeologist fark !oladgist] noun8 Person wha studies very old things made by people who lived a long time ago ar-chae-ol-o-gy /,a:k1' pisdgi] noun (no plural) ° the study of very old things made’ by Pdople who lived a long time ago are| ‘bish-op |,0:1{'brfop/ noun. important. Christan leader; a chiet odor ar-chi-tect /‘a:kitekt/ noun @ |person. whose job. is planning. and Grawing buildings compare: builder “en ptee-ture //arkitektjay noun. (no 2 ape and style of buildings: modérn artntacture 2 the job of planning: and. drawing buildings: He studies architechire, are joF; sirong crt] verb, part of the verb be that is used with we, you and they: Who are you? We're (=|Wwe are) Jane’s friends. They aren'tvery tal, are they? ar-eja }!eorta) noun Part of a country, region, or city: He lives in the Glasgow area (= near Gidsgow). 2 the measure of a surface: The square ae an area of nine square centimetres, fant) appeal bob and ‘Sue aren't coming to the|party. Aren't you clever girl? 2 Used in questions instead of am not: 7m your best friend, aren't 1? Argte Joie! vers (present pericise juing; past arqued) to ght or Gisagree in words: They often argued about money. argu-ment /'a:gjumantf noun & disagreement; a quarrel: They had an fatraiz) vérb (oresent péirliciple * ariging, past tense arose /a!rouz], past arisen /a'ztzn}) a or.appear:A. problem ‘has i aris-to-crat |!ertsiskrel/ noun :@.pérson‘from an important-old family arithmetic ja'r10matik] noun (no plural) sumjs done with numbers, including add}tion, division, etc. 24 arm jax] noun the ‘part of your body’ between: your shoulder and your hand — see picture on page 100 armchair /'a:mifeo"} noun acomlortable chair with placas to rest your arms on— see pictureat chair and picture ‘on page 165, armed ja:md} adjective carrying @ weapon, especialy a gun: an armed robber armed fore-es | a:md 'fasiz/ plural noun all the soldiers of a country who fight on ‘and, at sea, or in planes ‘armour /!c:ms" “noun (no plural) acovering of metal worn as protection by- soldiers in the past ¢ armpit j!c:mpu/:nour the place under your arm where yourarm joins your body rms ja:m2/ plural noun weapons such as guns and bombs army /'a:m1j noun (plural armies) alerge number of soldiers fighting tagether > compare: airforce, navy arose /a'ravz/ ~ “tha, PAST PaniGiPLe of the verb arise arround /3!raund] preposition, adverb 1 wih a movement or shape like a Circle: We sat around the fire. 2 onall sides of something: a wall éround the garden 3 in or to different places:: They: walked around the town’. 4 not exactly; abour:, ataround 100'clock § to face another way: She walked away and then lured around and came back. a-range ja!reiads/ verb (oresent paniciple arranging, pas! arranged) 1 to putthings in a way which makes them lock neat or attractive: She arranged the flowers ina vase. 2 to make plans for something: | have arranged a meating for iomorrow, ar-range-ment /s!reindsmont{ noun “a plan or agreement that something will happenarrest? jatres verb = omake someonea prisoner because they are believed 10 have done something wrong, arrest? noun an act of arresting somaona: The police mao three arresis yesterday. arrival /o!ravlj noun (no plural) getting toa place: We are sorry for the late arrival of your train. B Opposite: departure’ arrive ja'ruv} verb (present participle arriving, past arrived) to get to a place: She arrived! home very late. We arrived in London on Tuesday. b> opposite: depart ar-ro-gant /icrogonij adjective too proud pene arrow (rou) noun asharp stick that is‘ used as a weapon and shot from a Bow 2a sign which: poinis lo where:some- thing is art fast} noun oe 4 (no plural) the: skill-of drawing -and painling: He's very good at art. 2 something which you need skilllo do: the art of cooking 3 the arts music, writing, painting, films, elc. artery /ta:tar/ noun (plural arteries) ‘one of tie tubes in your body that carry blood from your hearl around your body ar-thrictis /a:'raitis/ noun (no plura) a disease that makes your hands, arms, legs, ete. painful and difficult io move artichoke /!a:titfeuk/ noun a green vegetable that looks like a flower article fartik) noun Fa thing: ‘arlicles of clothing 2a piece of wiling in a newspaper: an articla about ships 3 the words a or an (= indefinite article) or the (= definite article) i ar-thfl-cial |,ox'f fy adjective not real: ai flowers artist |'a:tisi) noun a.person whose job is painting pictures aspirin ar-tis-tic Ja: 'tistik adjective | able lo make altractive, interesting things, for example by drawing or painting) @S oy strong rez} | 1 when; while: We sang as we worked. 2 because: { can'tcomeas I'm too 3 being a parliculer thing for a time: working asa teacher far a few months can.use this box as a table. | as .,, a8 (used when comparing things): I'm nots old as you. t's just as goad as the other‘one, | § as well also: Can have some as wall? ash jee{/ noun (plural. ashes) | | the grey powder that is left alter sornethi has burnt ashamed ja!foimd} adjective feeling bad about something you have done wrong: She was very ashamed that she had siolen the money. P-LOGK AT: embarrassed. | ashore /3'fo:"{ adverb’ ~ | ‘onto the land: Pull the boat ashore! ashtray /‘zftre:] noun ‘a'smail dish in which you put the at fiom cigarattes aside /a!suidj adverb | to or towards one side; away ask ja:sk} verb E 4to say something that is a qu “Who are you?": she asked. 2 to try lo-get something from sorrjeone: They asked me the time. She asked fne for some money. | 3 ask someone to something {9 i someone to a place or event asleep /a'slizp/ adjeciive 1 sleeping 2iast asleep > oprosmre: awake as-para-gus /2!speregas/ noun along, thin green plant which is edten as a vagelable as-pect |'spekt/:noun particular part of a situation: One aspects: of the problem is the money. | as-pirin |'zesprin{:noun of ‘a medicine taken-to make e.pain body go away sleepingsq /2es] noun (plural asses) af) animal ike a small horse with Iong ears a8-Sas-sin /o!szesin/ noun meone who kils an important person for Political reasons as-sas-sin.ate fa'swesinent} verb (present participle assassinating, past agsassinated) {0} kil an important person for poltical reasons b compane: ‘murder as-gas-sin.action /o,ss1'neifn] noun the kiling of an important. person, for pdlitical reasons: the assassination of President Kennedy ves as-gault! /o'so:l verb to attack or hit someone assault? noun anlattack | as-gem-ble fo!scmbl} verb (present Patticiple assembling, past assembled) lo Gather together ina group . as-sem-bly./e'sembl:) noun: (plural assemblies) : cate a group of people gathered together fora special purpose or meeting assist Jo'sistf vero to help someone assistance /a'sistans| noun {no pura) hel : : as'sls-tant /o'sistant) noun @ pkrson who helps someone in their job -chate fo'ssufiert/ ‘verb (present iciole associating, past associated) 1 td connect two things ‘or ideas In-your mind spend time with: someone: or be connected with them: 1 don’t wish ta fate-with him. oss 8 ‘action /a,sausi'et{aJ noun ‘@ orpup of people jained together far one purpose » assume fo'sjurm/ verb (preseni participle assliming, past assumed) to think that something is true even though No ons has said so: assumed she was his mother, but in fact she's his aunt, a@s-sure /a'o:") verb (present. participle assuring, past assured) to tell someone that something is true 26 asterisk /!istarskj.noun the sign * as-ton:ish /a'stomfj ver to surprise someone very much as-tonish-ment /a'ston: {mani nounino plural) great surprise as-tound ja'staund) verb toshock and surprise someone very much a@stride /a'straid) adverb, preposition wilh one leg on either side of something: He was siting astride his horse. as-trol-o-ger fa!stroladga"} noun @ person who studies the pLaNets. and stars, believing that they, can influence people's characters and change what happens in their ives as-trol-o-gy /o'stroid31{ noun (no plural) the sludy of the PLANETS and stars in the belief that they can influence people's characters and change what happens in their lives as-tro-naut /!wstrono:t/ noun @ person who travels in space —: see picture on page 200 as-tro-no-mer /a'stronamaty noun. person who studies the sun, moon, and slars : as-tron-o-my /2'stronamr/ noun (no plura) the study of the sun, moon, and slars att fat; strong zt) preposition 1'in a particular place: He left his bag at the station. She is’at work. — see ploture on page 166 . 2 ata particular time: it gets cold at night. at one o'clock: . 3 towards saméone or something: Look at met 2 4 used to show, how:much, how old, or how fast: He got married at, twenty-one, driving at ninety miles.an hour. at a cost of £9.50 , ate /ct, en) the PAST TENSE of:the verb eat athlete /'x0lixj noun i someone who is good at sparis if:which they have to run, jump, or thraw things athletes jz6'letks} noun (no plural) ‘a general name for sporis in. which peopterun, jump, or throw things to see who is the best — see piclure on page 265 atlas ['cetlas) noun (plural atlases) a book of maps at-mo-sphere j'ztmasfia‘} noun (no plural) 1 the air surrounding the Earth 2 a feeling that place or group of people give you: the exotiing atmosphere of a football match atom /'ztom/ noun the smallest part of'a chemical atomic en-er-gy j2;tomik 'enad51/ noun (no plural) power from the forces'in an atom, used to make electricity attach Jo'izt/} verb 1 to fix something to something else 2hbe attached to someone to like someone vary much: Mary was very attached to her brother. : attack! fa!tzck) verb to fight against someone or harm them: The newspaper allacked (= wrote things agains!) the naw fax, attack? noun a violent act to try to harm someone: an altack on the soloiers attempt! /o'tempt/ verb to try 10 do something attempt? noun a try: She made an attempt fo speak their language. at-tend ja'tend) verb to be presen! at an event: to atfend a meating at-tend-ance /s'tendans} noun (no plural) being present: His attendance at schoo! is bad (= he dogs not go often enough). at-tend.ant /o!tendont{ noun a person whose jobis to look after a place of person at-tenction ja'tenfnj naun (no plural) 4 looking at and listening to someone or something: May [hava your attention? (= will you fisten to me please?) 2 attract somaone's attention to make someone nolice you 3 pay attention to someone to listen to someone very carefully automatic attic /euk noun aroomat the top of ahouse inside tharcof, often used for storing things | attitude )!2tujud) noun | the way you think or feel aboutsomel her attitude towards her job attract fo!trekt{ verb 1 to make someone or something tome near: Many people visited the|sea, atiracted by the fine weather. | 2 to cause interes! and admiration: ft was his sense of humour that frst attracted me to him. [ attractive /oltrekuy) adjective | pleasing, especially to look at ® oPApsiTe: ugly | aubergine |'oubssinfnoun’ * | | ing: a large vegetable with a dark purple skin auction /'3:kfnj noun a’ imacting where.things are sold fo the person who offers the mist money audience /'s:diens] noun | allthe people watching a play, listening to music, atc, . August j!2:gast] noun I the eighth month of the year aunt ja:nt{ noun the sister of one af your parents, or itje wife of your uncle — see picture on pape 99 author. }'5:63"/:n0un aa person who has written a book authority fo:'@orsu) noun : 1 (no plural the power to make pedpledo whal you want: The teacher has authority {0 punish any pupil. 2 (plural authorities) a parson or| loroup who controls or governs comet awto-biog-ra-phy j,o:abs'peraf/ ‘noun (plural autobiographies) | a book that someone has written teling the story of their own life’ b> ComPARE: biography | au-to-graph /'s:tagrat/ noun.) a famaus person's name, written by them ‘> COMPARE: signature au-to-matie /, za! matuk{ adjective. working by ilself:. automatic |doors -o(= doors which open and clase. without being touched) 27autumn autumn /'s:iamj noun, adjective the season before winter in cool countries, when the leaves fall off he trees availa-ble js! vetlabl) adjective = fe to be seen, used, ee. (5 the doctor lable? avalanche Hasson noun: a large amount of snow ora lot of rocks G alia down @ mountain ene f!zevanju:] noun a fpad in a town, especially one with trées orf both sides ® compare: street average 'evrids) adjeciive 1 sual ordinary: Treaverage chiens lisfening’to stories. 2 feart by adding several amaunis together, and then dividing the total by the number of amounis you have addec: The average of 3, Sand 7is5(= 35+ 7 =/15, 15 + 3.= 5). The average’age of children is 12. What is the, average raipfall in this area? avoid fata vi verb fo keep away from a person; place/‘cr thidg: Are you trying to avoid me? await |aiwent/ verb to Wait for someone or someting’ ’ awake fo'wesk) adjective nat sleeping: “The: baby is awake. > drrosire: asleep : award? fa'wo:d] noun a prize, given for a spacial: reason: an award for bravery award? verb to give someone a prize’of an'amourt ot money for a spacial reason a-watre jalweat) adjective “ knolving about something: ! was not aware of the problem. away Jo'wei) adverb 1 td another place: Go away! He tumed round and walked away. 2 Shia from a place: Do’ you five far away? The nearest town is 3 miles away. 3 net at home oral work: 11 be away for a felv days. : 2a 4 put something away to put something ina sale place awful /'5:1 adjective 1 very bad or frightening: an awful accident 2 not pleasing; not liked: That's an awtul book. SAME MEANING: dreadful awfully /!s:My/-adverb very: She's aivully clever. De save MEANING: terribly awk-ward |'s:kwad/ adjective 1 nol skilful in handling things: not moving in an easy way: He's very awkward, he keeps dropping things. : 2rnot easy to-handle:. The cup. is an awkward shage. 3 making you fesl uncomlortable: There was an. awkward silence,, when no one knew what to say. axe fecks/.noun @ tool with a melat blade fixed onto a handle, used for cutting down irees.baby /'béiby/ oun (piival bables) ‘a very young child bee ba-by-ish /'berbi-1{] adjective like a baby: Don't be so babyishil” babysit /'berbisty/ verb (present participle babysitting, past babysat) tocare for a child while his or her parents are away - baby-sitter /'beibisita"/ noun ‘a person who is paid to dare for & child when the child's parents'are away bachelor /'betjals‘/ dun ‘a man who is iol married afd has never been marriéd ® coMPARE: spinster” baok? bok) nous” 1 the part of your body that is behind you and goes from your neck to your legs: !ay “on my back. Her back’ aches. — see picture on ‘page’ 100 : 2 the ‘part thal is furthest from the front: Write this exercise at the back of your book. There'sa hutat the back of (= behind) the house. OPPOSITE: front Sits 3 back te front wilh the back where the front should be: You're wearing your hat back to front. a 4 behind someone's back: without someone ‘knowing: You shoulda't. talk about people behind thair backs. § turn your back on someone to raluse to help or be friendly with someone: Now that he's famous he's turned his back on his friends. back? adverb ® Os 1 inthe diraction thatis behind you, awa} from the front: Stand back from the fire; i's very hot. nek 2 toa place where somelhing or someone ‘was before: Put the book back on the shelf when you've finished it. When do you come back from your holiday? 3 in reply: | wrote to her, and_she wrote back ta me the next day. back? adjective al the: back; the back-seat-of a car > oppose: front : back® verb | 110 make a'vehicle move in the direction .- thalig behind you: She backed the car nto the sireel. | 2back away. from. someone | or ‘something to move away romsomepne or something because you are afraid of them 3 back someone up to support someone -. by agreeing thal what they are saying is true cf back-bone }'bwkbaun/ noun the line of bones going tram your neck to © your bottom D> SAME MEANING: ‘spine | background /'bickeraund} noun ‘| the area thatis behind the main objec or people ina picture: This is a photo of Mary, witht our house in thé background. ‘| back-pack |'bakpiek) naun ‘4 bag that you carry on’ your back back-stroke j'bakstravk) oun) (no plural, ‘away of swimming which you do li your back in the’ water: Can -yor backstroke? ° back-ward /'bickwsd) adjective* {if the direction that is behind y backward movement 2 slow lo team things opposite: (1-and 2) forward back-wards |'bzekivadz| ‘adverb in thé direction that is behind you The train is going backwards. 2 starting al the end; in the opposite way {othe usual way. For example, if you fount “backwards from 5, you say 5,.4, 3, 2, 1 } opposrre: (1 and 2) forward || a backwards and forwards mbviig many times, irstin one direction and then inthe opposite direction: He travels backwards and forwards between Landon and New York," I backyard | bek!jardj noun | ‘a small a’ea of land behind a house and belonging to it © io bacon /berkoa) nour (no plural) |, meat irom the back or sides of a pig, that is prepared in'salt, cooked, and ealen hat > COMPARE: ham | bacste-ria jbeck' tart) plural noun living substances which are so-small that 3 88 us a 29| ind old food and can make people ill bad /ored) adjective (worse jws:s}, worst . i fot géod or nice:: bad news;: bad haviour, a bad smell Not able to do something well: ’m bad! it maths and singing. a bad doctor ‘orposire (1:and 2): good ~~ serlous ar severe: He's gol a very bad old, very ald and no longer good to eat: That jeese ig bad, so don’t eat it go bad to became old'and not good to tt This meat has gone bad... be bad for someone lo cause harm to meone: Smoking is bad for you, 7/not bad quite good badge |badsj noun as 4 something that you wear on your clothes show your name, your jab, the name of yeur school, etc. P comPare: brooch bad-ger /!bedsa"} noun alvid animal with black and white fur that lifes in @ hole anc comes out at night badly bedi adverb... 1 pot well not nicely: She sang very badly. 2 very much: lo want something badly ‘Severely: badly hurt - min-ton /tbaxdmintany noun (no plural) game lke tennisin which you hita special type of very light ball with feathers on it bad-tem pered |, zd !tempad) adjective bezoming angry very easi sutease ou cannot see them, but which live in dirt - ‘orleather which opens at the top and which you use for carrying things: a bag of shopping bag-gage /'begids/ noun (no plural) all the bags that you take with you when You travel SAME MEANING: luggage bag-gy /'begi| adjective (baggier, baggiest), (used about clothes) very loose: baggy trousers bait few] noun (no plural) food that you use to attract fish or animals so thal you can catch them bake jberk/ verb (present participle baking, past baked) to cook something using dry heat in a closed box called an oven: I'm baking a cake. COMPARE: roast baked beans j,berkt /bisnz pluralnoun found, while beans cooked wilh TOMATOES and sald in tins baker /'beikat} noun 1 @ person whose job Is making bread and cakes — see picture on page 199. 2 baker's a.shop that. sells bread and cakes: /’m going fo the baker's to gat some bread, < . bak-eryy /'berkori/ noun (olural bakeries) a building where bread and cakes are baked for selling — see piclure on page 199 bal-ance?: |'belans/: verb: (present participle balancing, past batanced) tokaep yourselt or somelhing else steady, especialy in a difficult position: fo balance a'book on your head! balance? noun (no plural “ 1 the ability to stay steady without falling loone side or the other: My balance isn't very good so | can't ride a bicycle. 2 keep your balance to stay steady Without falling to one side or the other 3 lose your balance to fall when you are tying to remain steady ina dificult position: (lost my balance and fell when. was walking on the ica. bal-co-ny: j'beikan)* noun (plural balconies) oe 7 a place above Ihe ground on the outside ‘fa building where people canisit: Our flat has a large balcony.2 the upstairs part of a theatre or cinema where people sit: We had seals in the balcony. bald jba:ls} adjective "with no hair on the head: @ bald old man — see piclure on page 66 bale /berlf noun a large quantity of goods or material tied lightly together: a bale af hay ball jbo: noun 1a round abject thal you.use In some games far throwing or kicking 2 alhing witha round shape: a Bal of ivoo! 3 a large imporlant party at which people dance: The queen altended a bal. ballet /'bxlet/ noun a kind of dance in which the. dancers sometimes stand on the ends of their toes ‘and move lo musicin a way that telsa story balcony balloon noun. a rubber bag that can be filed with air . “or gas so that ‘it ork floats in the air ball-point /'bo:ipoint) noun ‘a pen ullof ink with a very small metal ball al the end you wre with D> SAME MEANING: biro . bamboo /bzm'bu:} noun (no plural a tall, hard grass that is like wood and is sometimes used for making furniture ban! [benj verb: {present participle banning, past banned) ,. > =. fomake.a rus orlaw saying thatsomething is not allowed: Smoking is banned in school. cowpane: forbid ban? noun an order which says you.must not doa particular thing: There isa baron smoking. ba:nana /bo!na:na) noun » along fruit witha yellow skin — seepicture at fruit band jbzend} noun 11a narrow piece of material used! for holding things together: Puta rubber banc around these books. bank 2.@ group of people who are togethe} for some purpose: a band of thieves | 3a group of people ‘who play msic together | ban-dage'* f'beendid3} noun, ‘along piece of cloth that s iad on to your body to cover a wound (al > coupane: plaster . bandage? verb (present parti joie bandaging, past bandaged). | 10 lie a bandage on a part of someone's body ban-dit }'bandiy noun { robber with a gun whois part al @ gjoup and attacks travellers in quiet coljniry places : | bang! jbeeg) noun : | 7 aloud no’se lke the noise made bya gun 2 ablow: a bang on the head ee 7 tohit something: He felland banged his head. 0 bang a drum | 2 to shut, something. with a Joud rice: Don't bang the door! bangle |'bznsl/ noun | a piece of jewellery worn around a woman's arm.or ankle | banish [!banyf/ verb | to-send someone away from their) couniry as a punishment bants-ter | ["baentsta"? noun Rl a type’ of fence along the outer edgeof slalrs to prevent people falling . bank? /bank{ noun | 4 an organization which looks people's money for them. by keep sale, and which sometimes lends people bangage “money 2 the raised land along the side of or river | bank? verb > 4 !o putor keep money ina bank: your wages 2bank account bal bal ban bank on someone or something to fepend on-someane or something: You In Never bank on her to help you. © IK ac-count /'bzenk 9,kuunt) noun in arrangement you make'toteave your roney In @ bank until: you need it: How luch money do you-have in your bank iccount? to open a bank account Keer /'bankat] noun person who owns-or controls a bank Kk holiday /,biepk ‘holder, dxf noun special day which is not a Saturday or Inday, when everyone has a holiday and al! the banks and most of the shops are shut King |'begkin/ noun (no plura) the business done by a'bank bank note /'bank iout) noun alpiece of paper money bank-rupt /'baykrapi} adjective ban-quet f'beenkwilf qour “Wi 32 not able to pay the money that you awe people a pecial important meal where there are a lala 1 Of people tis-m /'bxptrzam/‘noun Seremony in which someone, Usually lbaby, becomes: a_member-of the wistlan church * thi a CG bap-tize Ibeep'tarz} verb (present participle bi aptizing, past baptized) make ‘someone’ a member. of the ristian church by performing a special to| faz" noun 4 place where people go to buy and pk alcohol ‘solid piece of something, longer than ‘wide: a bar of soap, a bar of chocolate 3 long piece of wood or melal for keeping door, ele. shut or for preventing people ve enlering ar leaving @ room: a window iti ‘bars across it 4 Behind bars in prison bar? verb (present participle barring, past barred)». 1 to close something firmly with a tong piace. of wood or meta She barred the door ° 2 toblack something: The soldiers barrect the road to the city, barbecue 1 a meal thal is cooked outside on a type of fire and usually “ealen outside > coMPAnE: picnic 2 a lype of ire for cooking food outside barbed wire [bard woot} noun (no plural) wire with short sharp poinis init: a barbed wire fence bar-ber /'ba:ba"} noun 1 apersori whose jab is to cut men's har > compare: hairdresser -° 2 barber's a shop where men can’go !o have their hair cut: fo go to the barber's bare jbest} adjective ° 1 not covered by “anything: bare feet (="without shoes and sacks) 2 empty: a bare room (= with na furniture) bare-foot j, bea! fut) adjective; adverb ‘ot wearing any shoes or socks: fo walk barefoot barely |'beal{ adverb Just; almost not: He had barely enough ‘money {0. buy: 100d. > SAME MEANING: hardly Sous bargain’ Phargin) verb’: lo talk orargue-about the: price of something that you are buying or selling bargain? noun 1’ something which you ean buy fora little ‘money butis worth more: These shoes are a bargain at only £10,.2 an agreement in which two ‘people or groups each promise to do something: to make a bargain with someone barge jbaxds| noun Le a large boal wilh & flat bottom used for caarrying things such as coal on rivers bark? jba:kj verb to make the sound made by a dog bark? noun 4 (no plura) the strong hard skin that covers the outside of a tree 2 the. sound a dog makes bardey /'berh} noun (no plural, allype of grass that isgrown on farmsand is used for making beer barmaid jtba:metd/ noun, ‘2 woman whose jab is fo serve drinks in a BAR OF PUB . bar-man /'ba:man/ noun (plural barmen f-man}) . . . 2 man whiose job isto carve drinks in 2 BAR or Pus barn jbazn} noun ‘large building on a farm, used as’a place for keeping animals and crops ba-rom-é-ter jba'romito"} nour an ifstrument that tells you if the weather is going to change bar-racks j'bmroks| plural noun a building that soldiers live in bar-rel /'beeralj noun 4 a large round container with flat ends, used for keeping liquids such as oil and beer . 2 the part of @-gun that is like a (ube bar-ri-er /'bzeria‘} noun a fence:or wall: The police put a barrier across the road. bar-row /‘bzerau} noun ‘a small carl that you pull or push by hand and use for carrying things fase! jbets) noun ‘the bottom of something; the: part something stands‘on: 4 bottle has a flal base 2 the place whiere'something is conitiolled: ‘The company has offices allover the word, but their base is in London: base? verb (présent participle basing, past based) . 1 be based somewhere ‘to have your main home, office, etc. in a place: We’ based in the city but we spend a lot of tr in the country. b i 2 base something on-something develop something: fram. something that exists or from something that has already happened: a book :based-on' her experiences during the war - | base-balll |!beisba:l) noun (no plural}. | a.ball game in which two teams in turn tty. to hia ball with around stick and then run round a specially shaped field base-ment /!beismant{ noun apart of ahause, shop, or building whi is below the level-of the street: They fiver the basement. > COMPARE: cellar: basces /'betsixz/ noun the plural of the word Basis bassie /tbeisik) adjective simple and more important than anythit alse: basic ‘skilis such as reading at fom na house where peaple wash their jodies or have baths! ~~ batter Mbeetat} verbs [0 hit Someone er something hard, again nd again battery j'batari/ battery }oun (plural LS atteries): box ‘that prod: CA ices or stores Hectricity,fike the Co) nes used in jadios, etc. or the one in.a car battle /'pzu/ noun * @fight between soldiers, ships, or = aicrat cl the mast imporian! baitles oft war COMPARE: war. 84 bay fbei/-noun a parl othe sea that curvasinwards so that itis enclosed by land Ce j,bit a shor way of wing the words "elore Christ used! in dates: It was but in the year 2000 B.C. be /b1; sirong bir] verb presant tense : singular plural lam (i'm) We are: (We're) You are: (You're) You are (You're): He/Sheflt is They are (He'siShe'sil’s) They're) past tense - ~ singular plural lL was, We were “You were You were He/Shellt was ‘They were Present participle being past parlicipie been negative short. aren't, isn't, forms wasn't, weren't (you can find each. of these wards in its own place in the dictionary) 1 used to'describe’ ar give information about people or things: Mis name is Pater. ‘My mather isa teacher. The milk ison the table. !'m (= lam) very heppy. "How old! are you?” “'m 16." "What's (= whalis) yourname?" "t's (= itis) Emma.” twas my birthday yesterday. / 2-used ‘with olhar veras to:show that something is happening now: “What are you daing?" "am painting a picture." 3 used. with other verbs to shaw. that something happens to. person or thing: She is paid to clean their house (= thay -pay her to-clean their house). He was attacked by a dog. The house was built 50 years ago. 4 there Is plural there are used to say that someone or something is in a place: Look, there’s (= theres} Sue! There are 100 many people at the parly. How many. chiliren are there in your class? Thera was a loud noise,beach Jbizif/:noun (plural beaches) a shore covered in sand or stones where people go to swim bead [bird noun a small ball of glass witha small hole for string oF wire lo pass through: She wore a string of beads round her neck. beak jbisk{ noun: the hard poinled mouth of a bird. ~~ see picture at bird : beam! /bi:m) nour 11 alarge long heavy piece of wood used 4o support the roof-of a-bullding +i © -2 alin of light shining trom a bright abject: ‘the:sun's beams, a beam of light beam? verb tosmile ina very happy way: Stiebearned wilh pleasure. bean } 1 asged or seed container of a plant which ” ig eaten as @ vegelabl see piclure al vegetable 2a seed af a plant which’ is used for making lood ar drintc: coffee beans bear! jbca"} noun a large and somtimes fierce wild animal ‘wilh a thick coat see piclure’on page 300 bear? /bea"/ verb (past tense bore /bo:"}, past participle borne jbarn{) “1 to carry, or support the weight of ‘something: That chair won't bear your weight. 20 accept something “bad “without complaining: ‘The pain was tod much for me to bear.’ “3 can’t hear (used to show tliat you distke someons or something vary much): /ean't bear loud music. beard /biad/ noun shair.on.a man's face below his tiiouth > conrafe: moustache — see pilure on page 66 beast /bissi) noun 7 aiid and dangerous animal 2.an unkind or cruel person: You beast — Lhale you! - beat! verb (past terise beat, past participle beaten ['biztn)) 4 todefeal someone; to have better result become than someone: We beat thaother tearnlat football. | 2iohilsomeone cr something many tne to beat.a drum." r 3 to move regularly: Her heart was beat i fast. 4 to beat someone up io bil someo “until they are hurt beat? noun a’single slrake or movement as part of regular group: a beat of your heart beau-ti-cian /bju:'tifn noun ‘a person who-gives beauty treatment) your face ‘and body, beaw-tiful /'bju:if) adjective 1 very allractive and nice to look at} a beautiful woman, a beautiful view | 2 very pleasing oF nice: Whats beautiful day! beautiful music Note: The adjectives beautiful and pretly can be used to-desoribe women; children and things, but th are never used'lo describe.men. A | man who is nice to look at can be | descrinad as handsome. | nod beautifully j'bjuzih) advarb very well in @ way which looks or sounds good: She speaks French beautifully beau-ty*}!bjuzu/ noun I 1 (00 plura) being beautitu:'a’place of great beauty 2 (oiural beauties) sortalhing or somet beaulllut His mother was a great beat be-came fb1'keim/ Ihe Past YENSE of the verb’ become: be-cause /bi'ko7! 4 (used when you ara giving a teasor somathing): | missed the train beoa was fate, 2 because of for this reason: We stayed ‘al home because of the bad weather: beck-on /'bekinj verti a to make a sign with your finger asking someone Io come'to you | be-come Jbi' kamj verb (present pariiginle ‘becoming /bi'kaitiny: pas! tense became oi'ketin), past participle become) 1 to begin {6 be'soimlhing: The pance became king when his father died. |The actor became famous: | he lo ne Hy. for 0 |2 What has become of-...? (a question you ask when you want la know what has happened to a person or thing, or where someone or something is):: What has |become of that friend of yours who-went to five in Australia? bunk beds a plece of furniture you steep on: What me cid you go to bed lastnight (= goto Your bed to sleep)? 2 the base or bollom of something: the bed Fa river make a bed to tidy a bed and make it feady for sleeping in. 490 to bed with sameone lo have sex ith someone . bed and break-fast j bed ond 'brekfpsi] un B ca family house where you can pay to be guest for the. night. You,can have eakfast there, but no other meals: We Sayed in a bed and brealast, bed clothes j'bedklaudz). plural noun i! the covers put on @ bed to keep you arm a bed-room /'bedrazm) noun room for sleeping in bed:sit joed's1j noun room used for both living and slaeping it: Many students liva in bedsits, bed-spread | bedspred) noun alcloth cover for a bed, used to keep you ar [bed] noun 36 ‘warm or to:make the bed look attractive > comane: duvet bee /biz/ noun a stinging ying insect hat makes Honey beet /bitf! noun (no plural the meat from cattle bee-hive /!biuiiv) noun {also hive) a wooden box made for bees to five in been jbizn, bin/ 1 the PAST PaRTICIPLE of the verb.be: it has been very cold this week, 2 have been somewhere lo have gone ~ and come back trom a place: She's been ” away on holiday (= but naw she's back), Have you ever been fo Scotland? .ook Ar: gone beer jbia‘{ noun 4 (no plural an alcoholic drink made from grain 2 aglass or bottle ofthis drink: Can |have Iwo beers please? beetle /'biu.noun an insect. whose outside wings make @ hard cover far its body beetroot /'bistruxy noun around red vegeiable that grows under the ground be-fore? bi'fp:1/ adverb al some earlier time; ! have never seen you before (= this is the first ime | have seen you). . before? preposition 1 earlier:than:. You must leave before 8 o'clock. Finish your work before you go. the day before yesterday be oPPosite: after 2 before that (used when you. wan! to show that something happens or happened earlier than something else): She was a leacher, and before thal she Worked in an office. Note: Before means “earlier than something else”, e.9: She lelf belore Varrived, Clean your teeth before’yau go to bed. Ago means “in the past”. Look at these sentences: We went to Scotland 3 years ago: Our second visit to America was in 1993, and our first visit was 3 years beforei i 1990). It happened many years ago. it happened betore the wi be-fore-hand /o:'fo:huend} adverb before something else happens: She know I was coming because | felephoned her beforehand. beg ites! verb presen pariciple begging, past begged) 1 to ask people inthe street for money or food 2 to ask someone very stionaly to: do something: { begged her no! fo go. 3 beg your pardon a phrase Used when you are sorry because you have done ‘something wrong, or when- you did not hear what someone said and you want them to say it again: / beg your pardon, could you repeat that? be-gan jbi'geen} the PAST TENSE of the verb begin beggar /'begat} noun «person who asks peoplein he street for money or food be-gin, jb:'ginj verb. (present pape beginning, past lense began, /b1'gzen/, ast participle begun [bi 'ganj) 1 to start: The fim begins at 2 o'clock. > orrosre: end 2 tostarl something: When do you begin your riew job? it's beginning to rain. 3'to begin with at first:'To begin' with | dicin't lke school, but now | enjoy: Nore: Remember that the past tense is began, and the past PARTICIELE begu be-ginner /o1'gina"] noun ‘@ person wha is starting to do or leam something: a sivimming class for beginners be-ginning bi'giniy/:noun the start: the beginning of the year > opposire: end . be-gun jbi'ganj the PAST Panic ofthe verb begin be-half /b:'ha:f] noun ‘on bohalf of someone instead of someone; for someone: / have come.on behalf of my brother, he's il, | paid the money on your behalf (= for you). be-have /br'heiy/noun 1 toact ina particular way:: The chile behaved very badly. 2 behave yourself to act iri a way whic wil not annoy or offend ottier people be-hav-iour bi heryja' noun (no plur the way a person acts: What bi behaviour! be-hind jbi'barnd) preposiiion, adverb al the back (of): He fing his coat oni t Nail behind the doar.’ My brother want frontand | walked behind. She hid bahiri a tree. — see picture on page 166 beige /bers/ noun, adjective a very light brown colour: a beige dre: being’ bien} tho Present PARMIIPLE ofthe verb be being? noun a person: Men, women, and-children human beings. a being from another work belief jor lisf-noun | 4 (n0 plural the feeling thal something true or exists: a belie’ in God | 2.an opinion ar idea which you think is trub: religious balicis believe pbr'lizy) verb (oresent ra | 't —— atop aS believing, pas! believed) | 1 lo think that something is true: / dc beliave the things you say. 2 tothink that someones teling the truth: Don't you belive me? | 3 to have an opinion: believe we wil successtul, L 4 believe in something to be sure that something exists: Do you beliava in God? 5 believe in'someone to trust someorle ‘and be sure they wil succeed: Tha soll all believe in their leader. bell /bel! noun eu! a round hollow. . metal object that makes ‘a: musical ‘sound when itis hil: church bells bellow /'beiau} verb, jo shout something in a loud deep voice: "Go away!" he bellowed angrily, be-long /br'loo/ verb 1 belong to someone to be owned by someone: Who does this coat belong to {=-who is the owner)? |jefongings 2 belong to something to be amember | of group or club : Hetong-ings jb 'inyinz) plural noun || your own property: Please lake all your Belongings with yor when you leave the plane.” Ke-low [bi'lou) adverb, preposition 1 ala lower place; lowes than; under: The children threw sticks from the bridge into the river below. My brother is in the class , | below. mine: — sae picture on page 166 2 less than a particular amount: children bolow the age of five oFPosTE (1_and 2): above , belt fbety) noun piece of cloth of leather that you wear around the middle of your body Bench bent} noun (ptura! benches) * [along wooden seat: a benchin the park Bend! jbend} verb (past béiit ybeni)) 4 (also bend down, bend aver) to mave the top part your body dawn towards the ground: She bent down to pick upa book trom the floor. — see picture on page 299 20 move-something:‘into ‘a: curved position: fo bend your knees ° bend? noun a curve: 4 bend in the road. be-neath jb1'niz0} preposition below; under: Shall we sit beneath these trees? beneath a sunny sky ben-e-fit' jIbenitij-verb |, to be useful or helptul.to someone: The plants benefited from (= were helped by) the tain. Lo benefit? noun : an advantage: the benefits of 8 good | education |2 tor someone's honefit to. help someone: ! did it for your benefit. bent jbeni/ the PAST TENSE and pasT PARTICLE of the verb bend beret /'perei) noun [a flat, round hat made of woollen cloth ber-ry {'ber{ noun (plural berries): ‘small soft ruitthat grows ona bush or tree aa be:side /t1'sud}. preposition nextto someone or something: Comeand Sif beside me. —- see picture on page 166 be-sides /b'suidz) adverb. aword used when you are giving another reason or fact to support what you.are saying: ! can’t go out tonight because I'm “too-tired — besides,’ haven't got any ‘money. > SAME MEANING: anyway best /besi! adjective 1 tha;superalive of gaod: it was the best tim lve. ever seen. PPOStTE: worst 2 best wishes a phrase used al the end of aletter when the person you.are writing to is not a close friend: Have.a happy Christmas, with best. wishes from. rs Jones and family. hest? adverb 1 the superlative of well: the best dressed person in the room P- opposite: worse 2 most: The blue dress suits you best. Which one do you tke best?” " best? noun (no plural) 1 the best the most good person or thing: You're the best! She wails her children to have the ‘best of everything (= the best things possible). - 2 do your best lo try as hard as you can ta.succeed in something: lidoesn't matter if you didn't win ~ you did your best. best man j best !manj noun (plural best men) a male friend who is chosen to help and support man who is getting married; Wil you be best man at my wadding? > compare: bridesmaid bet! bet) verb (present participle betting, past bet or betted) torisk money onthe result of a future event: He bet me£1 that the team would win. to bl money ona horse (= in 2 race) bet? noun an agreement to risk monay.on the result Of a:future event: a bet of £1 be-tray for'rey/ verb to harm someone-who trusts you. by breaking a promise made to them: fasked you not to tell anyone; but you betrayed me.better! /'beta") adjective 1 the comparative of good: This book is better than the other one. . 2 notasillas before: | hope you are feelingy beiter. > oFPOSITE (1 and 2): worse better? adverb 1 the comparative of well: He cari sing batior than me. b oProsiTe: worse 2 mote; ike him better than his brother. 3 better off having more money, orinan improved positio# or job; Some people will be better off as a result of the new tax. .P opposite: worse off 4 had better should; ought to: You'd (= you had) betier go home. I'd (= | had) ‘better not miss my train. be-tween jbr'twizn) adverb, pteposition 1 (also in between) in the:gpace inthe middle of two people or things: There is a ence belween his garden and our garclen, April comes betiveen March and May. — see picture on page 166 2 in the periad belore one time anid after svanather: The shop is open belween 9 o'clock and 5 o'clock. 3 more than one number or amount but less than another number: or amount: children aged between five and tan . 4 joining lwo places: the train between Cambridge and London, lights balween Paris and Geneva 8 used winen saving how thingsare shared or divided: You and! can share the cost between us, : Note: Use between when you are talking about something which's cione or shared by two people or things. Use among when you are * talking about something. which is done or shared by more than two People or things: She divided the ° ake belween the two children. The money was divided.among his brothers ani sisters. beware jb1' wea") verb. “used to lel. someone. 19 be .caretul of «something. because. itis dangerous: » Beware of ihe dog he: yond /bt jond) adverb, preposition past; onthe’ other side: of something: beyond the mountains billion bib /oibj noun | a piece of material that is tied. unde} a child's chin to keep its clothes clean whjen itis eating | Bi-ble /'baibl/ noun. the religious book of the Christian chufoh bibsi-eal /!brbiki) adjective from ar in the Bible coal bi-cy-cle }'barsikl/ noun: S ‘a machine with two wheels. Yousitan itand move your legs to make it go forward: to travel by bicycle P SAME MEANING: bike, cycle — sse,piclure on page 266 | bid? /bidj verb (oresent participle bidding, past bid) | to make an offer of money in order to BL something: He bid ten pounds for th | l | bicycle. bid? oun i: an offer of an amount of money.to something big jbig! adjective (bigger, biggest) : farae in size: They live in.a big hous > oprosire: little; small | bike /barkj noun - ‘a machine will two wheels. You siton it and move your legs to make it'go forward:|to traval by bike ® saMie MEANING: bicycle, cycle — see picture-on page 266°: | bi-ké-ni foi 'kizns) noun | a garment with two pieces, oné covering the breasts and one covering the bottom, which women and girls wear when they ‘Swim bitlin-gual joa tiggwal) adjective 4 able to Speak two languages ‘equi by well: He's bilingual in French and German, 2 spoken or written in two languages| a bilingual dictionary . Bill jit) noun ; 1 @ piece ot paper showing the artio you must pay for something: How was the bill far the electricity? 2a plan for'a new law: The gover is considering the new education bil. billiards / bujadz/ noun (no plural) game in which you hit balls across a tal with long slicks | ‘biljan) noun; adjective the-number 1,000,000,000,000fnition milion), or, especially in America, 1,000,000,000 (= thousand milion) bin jbroj nour 'a large container used for holding things that are to be or have been thrown away cowpare: dustbin bind jbaind) verb (past:-bound /baunid)) ‘to tie something with ropa-or string: bin-go /'bingayj noun (n0 plural ~ © fgame played wilh-numbers in order to lwin prizes binocarlars bi! nokjulsz) plural noun la pair of spacial glasses which make things inthe distance took bigger P compare: itelescope iog-ra-phy jbai'pgrofif ‘noun (plural lbiographies) Ihe story of a person's life written by some- lone else P compare: autobiography bb-ol-o-gist fbai'pladgist) noun | ja person who studies biology bi-ol-o-gy ba: oladsi] noun (no plura) the scientific study of living things bird jps:d) noun lan animal with wings and feathers: Most Ibirds can fy. Pbatrau] noun la pen which has very small metal ball at Ithe end you write with Pm SAME MEANING: {ballpoint : birth jbs:6/ noun 1 the act of a baby baing born: the birth lofa baby, the number of births and deaths this year [2 give birth to have a baby: She gave \birth to a baby boy last night, birth con-trol /'bs:0 kon trav!) noun (no plural) )ways of limiting the number of children you have birth-day /'bs:0der/ noun the day of the year on which a person was |bom: My birihday is on January 6th. P-1L00« ar: anniversary. bis-cuit j'biskiy noun adry thin cake, usually sweet: a packet of biscuils bishvop /'bifap} noun a Christian priest who [ooks after the churches and the people ina large area > compans: viear bit! soup the Past TENSE of the verb bite bit? noun | 4. asmall piece or amount: | must doa bit of work. He ate every bil of food (= all he food). Would you like another bit of cake? 2 abit slightly: I'm sorry |’! bit ale. I's 2 bil (00 cold to go outside. ' 3 forabitiora shor time; Why don't you go and ie down for a bit? 4 bit by bitslowly, a litle at a lime: Bit by bit they discovered the truth. bite? foatt/ verb (present participle biting |"bastin, past tense bit jbu, past participle “bitten {'biin)) 4 tocuicr wound something with the testh: That dog bil me. Does your dog bite? 2 (used about an insact) to hurl you by pricking your skin bite? noun 1 anactof iting: Do you want a bile of my apple? 2a wound made by biting: She was covered in insect bites: bitten /'p:00/ the PAST PARTIOIPLE of the verb bite fer /bite") adjeciive {-having.a sharp sour laste: bilter fruit 2 angry: a bitter quarrel 3 very cold: a bitter wind black black; adjective 1 othe colour ofthe sky at night: black shoes 2 wilh dark-coloured skin: a black family 3 (used aboul tea and coffee) wilhout milk: I'd tke my coffee black. 4 black and blue having dark marks on your skin asa resull of being hurt: Herarm was black and blue after the. accicient § black and white ccnlaining only the colours bleck, while, and grey: an old black and white fim 6 ablack eye an eye surrourided by dark marks as a result of being hil: He gave the other boy a black eye (= hit him near his aye and caused the skin lo go dark). 7 black magic a lype.of magic used for doing bad things bitblack? noun 1 (no plural) the colour of the sky at night: He was dressed in black, 2.a person with dark-coloured skin black-ber-ry /'biztbor) noun: (plural blackberries) asmall dark fruit that grows on-bushes, black-bird /'blackbsid) noun’ a bird which is vary:cammon In Europe. ‘The male is black and has.a yellow beak, black-board /'blickbo:d/ noun ‘a dark board on the wall at the front of a class thal the teacher writes.on black-cur-rant /'blek-karant!' noun a small, round, dark fruit that grows on bushes ¢ blacksmith /'bizk,imid/ foun” a man who works with iron and -makes shoes for horses blade jbtcid} noun’ 1 the fiat sharp pait tang thatis used {or cutting: the blade of a knife 2 a'long lat leat of grass’ blame" jbieim/ verb (oresent parole blaming, past blamed)’ 1 blame someone for something to Say that someone is the cause, of something bad: The policeman blamed the car driver for. causing the accident, . COMPARE: accuse De: to blame for, something to be ~Tasponsible'for something. bad: He és blame for the accident. blame? noun (no plural take the blame for something io accept that you are responsible for something bad blank jbiznk} adjective 1 without anything blank piece of paper(= one without wrting anil), a blank cassette (= one without any sounds an il) 2 nol showing any expression: Sheidoked “al him with’a blank face. blanket /!biepkil) noun -.- a thick woollen cloth, used as a caver on a bed to keep you warm 2 blare blest) "verb (present participle blaring;-past-blared} tomake a loud and unpleasant noist radio was blaring. rhe 5 \ blast! jblosy noun a 412 sudden strong moverefi of wind « ait: There wes a blast of wind-as pened the coor; | 2 a loud sound like the sound made’ Ly some instruments which you blow: TF ie driver gave a blast on his horn. 3 an explosion: Many people were kl in the blast. : 4 at full blast as loud as possible: television was at ful blast. blast? verb. beginning of a space flight: Troanasehh blasted off blast-off /*bla:st off, noun the moment when a spaceship, ele lea the.ground blaze" /bleizj noun MT avary large srong ka: The re’ bu slowly ai frst, but soon became a blaze. 2 brightly’ shining light or colour: 7 flowers were a'bleze.of colour. blaze? verb (present participle bblazin| past participle blazed) to bum strongly: The fire was blazing. blazer j'bleizat/ noun a shorl coat that people citen wear: asp ota.unilorm: She was wearing her schol lazer. [ 1g. | | in bleach’ jit 1 to make something’ white: Did “ya bleach this tablecloth? « | 2 to make something ighier: Hor airings bleached by the sun. ‘ bleach? natin (no piral) a liquid or, powder used to make thin clean or'lighter in colour bleak jblisk/ agjéctive | Unpleasantly cold: a bigak winter's day bleat! /blit/ verb | te make the sound made by sheep p goat . ol bleat? noun. | | the sound made by a sheep or goat bleed /bliza) verb (past bled bled) to'lose blood: His nose’ was bleeding.)Blend Blend? jolena) vero: || 1 to mix things together: Blend he sugar |:and eggs together. 2 to go wolf together: The colours in the | room blend nicely. blend? noun @ mixture produced! by blending things | together: my favourite blend of coffee Bless {bles} verb (pas! blessed or blest Polest)) 1 to ask God's favour and protection for something: The priest blessed the’ new | ship. 2:Bless yout sormalhing you say to someone when they sveeze blew joni, the PAST TENSE of the verb blow blind? /blamd} adjective not able to sea because-you have something wrong with your eyes: She was born blind, : blind? noun a piece of material that you can pull down to cover a ‘window COMPARE: curtain blind-fold' fleinsouay vert to cover someane’s eyes with material so thal they, cannot see. bhindtotd? noun a piece of material used to cover someone's eyes 80 thal they cannot see Blink jbligk{.verb : to shut and open your eyes..quickly [> compare: wink blis-ter /'bista") noun aswelling under your skin, filled with liquid, usually caused by rubbing or.burning: My new shoes have given ma bisters, bliz-zard }'blizadj noun Ja very bad storm with ‘snow and’ strong winds B Compare: hurricane blob jbtob/ noun : 2 drop of thick liquid:'a blob ‘of paint block! /blok) noun 1 asolid mass or piece of wood, stone, eta. \2 alarge building divided into separate iparts: a block. of flais, an office block. /3 a large building. or group of buildings bind between Iwo streets: She fives two blacks vaway. : block? verb to stop ‘someone or something from. moving beyond'a certain point: A row-of police cars was blocking the road. blond jotind} adjective (used of hair) ight yellow in colour ~see picture on page 66 blonde’ jblond/ aciective {used of a woman) having light-coloured hair blonde? noun a.woman with fight-coloured fait: :a beautiful blonde blood /blad/ noun (no plural the red fiquic that flows through your body. bloom? jblu:mj noun 1a flower 2 in full bloom having a lol of open {lowers:,The jrees are in full bloom, bloom? verb . fo.open out into lowers: These roses bloom in the summer. 5 blos-som /'blosam/-noun (no, plural the flowers of.a fruit trae: apple blossom blot? joint) noun a dirty mark made by adrop ofliquic: an ink biot blot? verb (present ” ‘patiiciple blotting, past blotted) bret to diry wel ink with special paper blotting pa-per /'blotig ,perpat] noun “(n0 plural) a spacial soft paperused to dry wet ink blouse jblauz] noun shirt for women or girls —see picture on page 65° blow? /blouy verb (past tense blew jbl pas! participle blown jblaun/} 1 tosend out airthrough your mouth: Dori't blow too har or you willbreak the whistle. 2 to move something With 2 current air: The wind blew his hat off. 3 (used of wind) to: move. and make a noise:.Tha wind was blowing all night. 410 send air inlo something: so that itmakes sound: The guard biew his whistla ta call for halo. 5 blow something out to slop something {ikea candle burning by using a movement of air: Blow aut the candles on your birthday:cake! 6 blow something up (a) lo fil something with air: Can you help, me:blow tp the balloons? (b):to destroy something by making it ‘explode: The bricige was blown up in the war. 7 blow your nose lo push air outthrough your nose to clear it blow? noun . 1a hard stroke with your hand or a weapon: a blow on the head 2 a shock and disappointment: The reins of her deatti was a terrible blow tous’all. blown jolavn) the Past rarmicirit ofthe verb blow blue plu: adjective, noun the colour of the sky'when iheré’are no clouds: @ blue'atress, the blue of her eyes bluff! joing verb Yopretend thal you know something or can do something, especially when you want someone to believe you , blunt jolantj adjective 1 (used ofa keife} nol able to cut very well 2 (used of a pencil) with 2 rounded end which needs to be sharpened Pe OPPOSITE (1 and 2): sharp “ blush jolsjj verb to becomie red in the face, Usually from shame or EMBARRASSMENT board jbo:dj-noun 1 along thir flat piece of wood 2 ailat surlace used for special purpose: Put this notice ‘upon the toard.”"The teacher wrole the answers on the board. 3 a group of people who run a company 4 onboard on a ship or a public vehicle: ‘5 everyone on toad yet? = board? verb ° 1 to gel ona ship, plane, "rain, bus, el Passengers should board the train now. 2 toslesp andeatin somsoneetse’s home and pay them money boarder /'ba:da"] noun a pupil who lives at school and gees hor in the hofidays: board-ing school |'bodin ekint a school usualy private, at which pup live boast /bousi) verb 0: talk. loo -proudlly “about voursa boasiéd that he could run very fast. boast-ful |*baustl) adjective speaking too proudly about yoursill: Hels very boastful about the money he earns. boat jbaut} noun . 2 small open: shin’ a ishing bout Wel ‘going by boat. | bob jbob/ verb (present jiantciple mal past bobbed) fo move quickly up and dawn: The smi boat bobbed up and down an the fake. Body | 'biili/ noun (plural bodies): 1 the whole of'a person or animal * | 2 the central parl oa person or animal, nt the head, arms, or legs: He had a cular » his lag-and two more on his body. | 3 adead person oranimal Her body wis found in the woods. boil jborl} verb {to make water or another iquid:so hot that it stars to:steam: Boil some water jo make a cup of coffee. 2 to become vary hoi and start to sea . Tha water began to boil. 3 10-cook fod in boiling waler: Boil-ije eggs for five minutes, | bold jbould/ agjective ot afraid to do ciangerous thin very bold and tied to stop the tht. bolt? jbsulyf noun . apiece of metal — | 5 ‘r'wood used for i , keeping a door closed 2a screw with:no. ‘point which fastens.» info a nur and holds two things together bolt? verb. | 1 to lasten something with a a bolt Bat the dor, please. bul dnd throw ta ider fo the ground | bomb? jbomj noun |sown henna a container: full of a substance that wil explode, used as a weapon: bomb? verb. ¢ |1o:drop bombs on a place: The airforce bombed two towns, bone jbousj noun one of the hard while parts in a person's or an animal's body: He fell and broke a bone in his.ieg.. bonfire j'bonfniat) noun a big fire in the open air bonfire night /'boafara ,nany noun November 5th, when people in Britain light fires in the open air and have FIREWORKS bonnet /'bonut{ noun, 1.2 soft hal thal you lie under your chin |2 the part of a car's body Ihat covers the engine bon-y /bauni adjective (bonier, boniest) {used af a person's body) so thin that you can see the bones: bony. fingers boo! fbu:y} verb to shout "boo" at someone, espacially in | alheatre; fo show that you did not like their performance boo? something you say loudly when yous want ||to surprise someone who does not know you are there Book’ jouk} noun 1 aselof sheels of paper fastened together “| and with writing on them, for reading: What book are you reading? 2 asetof sheets of paper fastened together or: writing on: Write a: poem :in-your exercise book (= a book to.do- your schoolwork in). book? verb Toarrange iohave something that you want to use later: I've booked tickets for tomorrow night's show. bpok-case }*buk-kers) noun a piece of furniture with shelves for books |=see picture on page 165 bpok-shop /'bukfop/ noun Ja shop that sells ‘books book to-ken /!buk jtouken) noun acard that is given to you as a gift so that you can buy books with it: My uncle gave ma a £70 book token for my birthday. 44 boom jbu:m/ noun aloud, deep sound boot /buxy noun 1a shoe that covers your fant and ankle, 2 the part.of a car's body where bags, boxes, ele. can be carried border /'bo:det).noun an edge: white plates with a blue border 2 the dividing fine belwaan two countries bore! /bo:"] verb (present paniciple boring, pas! tense bored) 4 tomake someone feel uninterested: He bored me with his stamp collection. 2to make a deep, round hole in something, especially rock or stone: This machine can bore through solid rock. bore? noun an uninteresting or dul) Percon or thing bore? the PAST TENSE Of the verb bear bored jba:dj adjective feeling lired and uninlerested: She was bored with her job. & compare: fed up > 90K ar: boring bor-ing /'bo:rinf adjective : not interesting; dull: a boring film NOTE: Do not confuse the adjectives boring and bored, If somathing.is » boring it is not interesting, ¢.9. a boring lesson. Bored is used to dascribe the way you feel when - somelhing is boring: The children were bored with the game and did not want to play any more, born jbaxn) adjective (never betorea noun) be born to come into the world; to be given He:-The baby was born yesterday. borne jbo: the Past PanTICIPLE of the verb bear:bor-row /'borsu| verb fo use something which. belongs. to someone else, You usually ask permission and say whan you will etura thething: Can | borrow your bicyole until Saturday? nove: Compare the verbs borrow. and.lend. If you lend something to.a person you let them use it for @ while if you barrow something from someone you take it fram them, .. knowing that you will Give it back 10.” them later. The vari lend often has two objects (0 lend sth to sb} but borrow just has one (lo borrow sth}: Will you lend me same money? Gari | borrow some'manay? boss* jbos/ noun (plural bosses) a person who is in charge and tells other people what work to do boss? ver boss someone about 10 tel’ someone what 10 do, usually by giving. thers.too mary orders: My brother saivays bossing me about. bossy |'bos1/ adjective (bassier, | bossiest) liking to give orders to olher: peoples @ bassy alder sister, botany /'botan1/ noun (no pluraly the scientific siudy of plants both foavdy this one and that one the twa: ald the dish with both hands. We both like dancing. both-er" /'bnda"] verb’ 1 to interrupt someone and ‘annoy’ them: I'm sorry lo ‘bother’ you but I eed some halo. Don’t bother your father now ~ he's very busy. 2 to worry someone: always know wiien something is bothering him. . 8 can't be bothered to not want to-do something because il is too much effort: J can't be bothered to go-oul-tonight. 4 not bother nol to make the effort lo do ‘something: Don't bather to dry the plates. He didn't even bother lo say goodbye. bother? noun (no plural) something that causes diffculy: We hada title bother witen the policernan stopped us, bot+tle! /'bat/ noun allall round glass or plastic container, with boundary @ narrow neck B COMPARE: jar — s picture al container 7 bottle? verb to put samething into battles: This is whe they bottle the milk. bot-tle bank /'bou bienk/ noun a place where old glass bottles are take 50 that the glass can be used again bottom, /'botam) noun 1 the lowest part of something! al botiom af the page 2 the base of something: The price is the bottom of the box. 3 the lowest position in something, o.9. class:,He’s not very good/at maths ~ hi ‘always at the Botlom of the. clas: > opposite: (1, 2, and 3): top 4 the part of the body thal you sit on: He fell on his bottorn. —see piclure on pag 100 bought jbo: the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTIOIPLE of t verb: buy: bould-er /'bavidar) noun a large rock bounce jtavns/ verb (present participle bouncing, pas! bounced) 140 spring back aller hitting some- thing ar falling on something:.:The baby was bouncing on the bed. 2 tothrow something, e.g. a ball, agai something;.so, that. springs -back: H bounced the bal! agains! the wall. bound! jbsund) verb to jump around: The young animals wel bounding about the field. bound? noun a big jump bound tha PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE oft verb biriel boundary j"handari) noun (pti boundaries) the dividing line batwaen tw places: seboundary between the two: garden > compare: border oe T 8 ~ — FEbound to Hound to /*baund tu:) verb be bound to to be cerlain to dosomething or be cerlain to happen: You ara bound ‘pass.the exams —; you've worked very bow? bau verb to bend the top part of vour body iorward ‘to show respect: Everyone bowed to the | President. © bow? bau. nour, aac of bencing your body o yourhead forward to show respect, = bow? joay) noun... : 1a piece of wood held in a curve by a string, used for shooting arrows... 2a long thin piece of wood with tight strings fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments like the VioLiN — see picture at violin 3 alknol uséd for tying shoes: She ribbon in a bow, y bowl! jpaul) noun ‘a deep-raund dish or conlainer: Fill.the bow! with water. Box" jonks) noun (olural boxes) © container wilh straight sides usually made of cardboard or wood: a box of matches — See picture at container box? verb to fight with tightly closed hans, bually fér sport boxer |'bokso*/ noun aman who fights wilh tighlly closed hands, for sport Box-ing /'boksinj.noun (no plural) the sport of fighting with tightly closed hands ~-see picture on page 265 Boxing Day | boksin des) noun the day after Chrisimas Box of fice /'boks inf) noun (plural box offices) ‘the 46 place in a theatre or cinema where you can buy tickets boy fbai/ noun’ amale child: They have five chien: three boys and two girls. : boy-frlend /'batireiid) noun a boy or man who is the special friend of 2 gil or woman: Can’ my boyfriend come to the party? bra jbra:/ nour piece of clolhing thal women wear under aler'clothes to support their breasts brace jbretsj noun ‘8 wire which some chitdren wear inside thair mouths to make their teeth straight bracelet fbretslity noun '@ band or chain thal you wear asan ornament round your wirlst! brac-es''breistz] plural noun “cloth bands that you wear over” your shoulders to hold up your lrousers — see »picture on page 65 brack-et }'breki) noun ‘one of the signs (). In-the sentence: "'Da you'want any (more) fruit?" (more) is in brackets. brag jbregj verb (present. participle bragging, past bragged) to talk too proudly about things you have done or about your. possessions: He bragged, that he had passed the exam easily. He was bragging about his new expensive car. P SAME MEANING: boast brain /brein) noun the part inside your. head with which you think brainy | breinif adjective (brainier, brainiest)” clever and quick at doing: school work > sawe MEANING: bright” brake" joresk) noun thepart ofa bicycle, ar, rain, etc thal you use fo stop it . brake? verb (present participle braking, past braked) fo make a bicycle, car, train,"ele. stop or go: moja slowly: by ‘using: the brake: > bracalets::The chiver braked quickly to avoid an accident. branch jerainyy noun 1a par of atree thal grows from attriink > compare: twig — see picture al tree 2 one part or one atfice of a business: The bank.has branches in all the big towns, brand jbreend) noun the name of a particular kind af ‘goods made by one company: What brand of soap do you like? brand-new |, breend! 'iijuy) adjective completely ‘new; never Used ‘before!'a brand-new car bran-dy /'braendi) noun (rio plural) a strong alcoholic drink brass fora:s) noun (rio plura) a very hard yallow metal which shines brightly, made by mixing copeen anid 2Ne: ormaments made of brass brave jbreiv/ adjective nat aitaid or not showing fear: @ brave fireman bravely ['brervit{ adverb: She spoke bravely of her sister's death.“ bravery /'breivany noun (no plural) ‘willingness to do dangerous things without feeling atraid: The fireman was praised for _ his bravery, SAME MEANING: Courage bread fred noun (no plural) a foad made by mixing flour and water and, Then baking it: @ ioaf of breadt breadth jbrecd) noun (no plural) the distance from one side of something to the other: What's the breadt.of this river? break" fbrésky verb (past tense: broke Jbrauk], past participle broken *braukon!) 1 lomake something separate into pieces: He broke the window with his football. 2. to separate into piacos: The plate fellon the floor and broke. 3 lomake something not works Don't play with the radio ~ you'll break it! 4 break down (used about Cars) 10 sig Working: My car broke down o7 the “ to work. [ °S break in'to gal ingide place using force: Someone broke in through at window (= broke the window lo gel insie the building): | 6 break Into something to get insi plac, e.g. a building or'something that locked, by using force: The thief brake i my drawer and stole my money. | 7 break the law to do something that the Jaw says you must notdo: 22. ce]. 8 break out (used especially «about fighting or fire) to start suddenly: The fi broke out at two o'clock in the morning. «9 break a promise nol to do something thal you pramisad you would do. | 40 break up (a) o finish a relationship with alboy or Girl itiend: John and Sarah broke _ up fast week, i {b) to Stop going to school because the holidays. are senna: We break up.néxt Week. me break? noun s 1 an. opening .in something made breaking it: @ break in the clouds... 2a shorl rest: Let's fave a break, break-able /'breikabij adeaive: 2 | likely to. break break-down |'Sretkdaun] foun a complete stop in a car beoatise it ho longer works breakfast [bickfosi/ noun | the first meal of he day |. breast [bresi{ noun: | "Tone of the.two parts on the front of a -wornan’s body that-can give milk .. ©.2-the lop-part of the front.of a persot body ® SAME weaNiG: chestbreaststroke breast-stroke |'bresistcauk/ noun (no \pluran la way of swimming by pulling the waler lback with your arms breath jbredj noun +t the air that you lake in and tet out through lyour nose and mouth: He took 2 deep lbreath and Jumped into the water. (2 a breath of fresh air a bit of clean air joutside: Let's go (o the park.for a breath lof fresh air. i3 hold your breath to stop breathing for allitle while, especially when you want to [Swim under water: How tong can you hot \your breath? i4 be out of breath nol io be able to breathe easily for a iillle while, e.g. after | running breathe, [bri:d) verb (present participle lbreathing, past breathed)... ito take air into your body and let it out ihrough your. nose.and mouth breathless /'bre0lis/ adjective having cifficully breathing, special ater exercise bred jbredj ‘the Past Tense anci-rast panTicPLe'of the verb breed breed! jbrizd) verb (past bied fied) Ht (used about animals) to produce young: Some animals will not breed in cages. “compare: mate 2 to keep animals so that they will produce young ones: He breads cate, breed? noun oe lype of animal: a breed of cattle breeze fbrizz/ noun light wind: a coo! breaze brew Jbru:/verb A f tormake tea, leaving inthe pol unilthe laste develops: Let the tea brew for.a few nutes. to make beer be brewing to be going to happen: think a storm is brewing: ° bribe! jora:b/ verb (present pai ciple ribing, past bribed) . ‘offer to give someone money or a resent; So that they will do something to lp your He tried to bribe the policeman lo let him go: oe 48| bribe? noun money or a present which you'give lo someone so thal they. wil help you: A policeman should never take bribes. brick fortk noun bricks a biock of baked » clay... used’ for building bride fbraidj noun. a woman who is going ta get mar- fied, or who.has jusl. got married bride-groom /‘braidgru:m).noun @ man who is going to get married, or who has just gol married, > SAME. MEANING: groom “ brides-maid /'brardz,mesdj noun... a gitl or woman who helps a bride al her wedding P Compare: best man | bridge jbridsj noun . a road or railway line buill over somelhing: a bridge across the river — see piclure on page 266 bridle /'braidi),noun eather bands put cn a horse's head to conirol its movement — see picture al reins : brief joris adjective. lasting a short time: a brief meeting briefly /*brisitt/ adverb: to explain ‘briefly brief-case [!brisfkeis) noun alhin lal case for carryirig papers or books conan: suitcase — see picture al bag bright /brany adjective 1 sending outa strong, shining ight bright sunlight 2 having a strong, clear colour: a bright yellow dress 3 quickat learning things; clever: a bright child: brighten /'brarn/ verb brighten up (used about the weather) to become more sunny or lighter.and better: vt should brighten up later. brilliant /'briljant! adjective 1 very:clover: @ brilant idea, = triliant student 2 Brilliant! something you say when you think something is.very good: "got the job.” “Britiantt”3 {used about colours and igh) very ght brim /ocimj noun 1 the edge’ of a cup, ‘glass, or bow! 2 the part of a hat thal stands out around the sides bring Jorig/ verb (past brought iwi) 10 cary something to someone or towardsa place: Bring me the ball. Youcan ake that book hame, but bring itback (= relurn, il). tamarrow, please. COMPARE: take PB L00K ar: fetch. : 2 fo lake someone with-you ta.a place: Bring your brother io the party. 3 bring someone up to care for and educate a chitd’ brisk forisk) adjective quick and active: a brisk walk oPosiE: slow | brit-tle /'britll adjective hard, but easily broken: britle glass broad /brox] adjective : wide; broad shoulders opposite: narrow . broad-cast! /!bro:dk: bréadcast) 7 : to send out prosraiaites by radio or tele- Vision to the public: The new programme wil be broadcast at seven o'clock. broadcast? noun a PROGRAMME that iS sant out on the-radio or television: a news broadcast broke /breuk/ lhe Past Tensé of the Verbs break bro-ken! /'brevkan/ the rast PARTICIPLE of the verb break broken? adjective 1 in pieces: a broken.window. 2 not working: 2. broken clack bronze jbronz} noun (no plural «: a hard metal, made by mixing copper and tin brooch routs n noun (plural brooches) an ormament that women sometimes. pin on their clothes > compare: badge broom jbru:mj noun a brush with a long handle ~ see picture at brush brother j'bradat} noun a boy or man.with the same parents as verb’ (pas! buck f another person: “Peter is my brotijer: > coupane: sister | brother-in-law: 'oradac in tse) hun (plural brothers-in-law} -T the brother of your.wite or husban 2 the husband of your sister — see picture on page 99 . | brought jb: | the PAST TENSE and/PAST PARTICIPLE of verb bring coy pe brow foruy) noun | tha patl of your lace between your efes and your hair brown! jbravi adjective, noun | a dark cotour like coffee or earth: @ brain hair, the brown of her eyes > bruise! fori} noun ‘amarklett on your skinalfer a blow or wien you have fallen down bruise? verb (present participle bruisipa: past bruised) fo mark someone's skin witha bruise: se jell and bruised her knee: toothorush I a) —— | oe. brush; teal noun (otal brushes) a group ol strong hairs on: the end of.a handle that can: be: used for cleaning, painting, tidying your-hair, etc. brush? verb: I lo clean oF Jidy something with a brush: Have you brushed your hair? bub-ble' /'babl noun: “ a hollow ballof liquid containing air ores: soap bubblas “| bubble? verb (present paricipie bubbling, past bubbled) ., | to make balls of ar or gas: The water yas bubbling gently inthe pan... i buck fbxkjnoun | a male deer or rabbit se oodbucket buck-et }'baku) noun container mace of metal or plastic, with handle, for holding or.carrying, water buckle /'bakij.noun % fastener used for joinirig the ends ofa bl see pictureval fastener. bud [bad] noun young flower or leaf before it opens ee piclure al rose Bud-dhis-m /*budizam/ noun (no plural) the religion based on the teachings of juddha, Bud-dhist j'budist) noun 4 person, who follows the teachings of Buddha budge [oids} verb (present participle budging, past budged) |.» elb: make something heavy. move a. can't budge this rock... bud-get? /'badgiy-noun plan of how to spend money: 2 jovernment’s budget. budget? verb . to plan haw much money you have to ss on cerlain things ms aie /ibadsi) noun doral, brightly coloured bird, usually kept ip a cage as a pet bug bag} noun ‘a small insect ‘avery smallliving thing thal can get into ur body and maks you feel unwell: [can't le schoo this waek because I've got 2 bu: le: ‘gle Mbjuzgl) nour: musical instrument that'is played by lowing and isused especially by the army build ould) verb (past built /bilt/) ‘make somelhing: by putting: pieces gether: The house is bull of brick.’ bulild-er /'bilda") noun » @ person whose Job it is to make houses E other buildings ‘ bu id-ing /'buldrn} noun Something with a roof and walls,"e.g. 2 youse or an office.” built fbitt) ne rast rense and pasr panmicrte ofthe rerb bulld s bulb jbatbf noun (also fight butt) tne glass part an elecia light thal shines when itis turned on bulge? joalds/: verb {present participle bulging, pas! bulged) to.swell ot sweets.” bulge? noun a swelling shape bullicy /"balkr/ adjective (bulkier, bulklest) having large, difficult shapa:/ can'tcarry that box, it's to0 bully." § bull jbui/ noun the malé of the cow family bull-dog /'baldog) noun a short strong dog wah a tick heck and shor legs bull-doz-er /'buidavza"} noun @ powerful machine that moves earth to make larid flat bublet /ouliy notin: piece of melal thal is fired from a gun bublock /'bulak) noun a young male cow which cannot father of young ones bubly? bul noun (plural bullies) ‘a person who likes to hurt weaker people cor make them afraid bully? verb, (present participle bullying, past bullied) to hurt people who are not as strong as you, or make them alraid * bump" Jbamp/ verb 11t0 knock something’ by accident: ‘bumpecimy knee onthe char. He burmpect into a tree and hit his head. 2 bump into someone to meat someone by chance: / bumped info doh in town, bump? noun around sweling on your bady where you have knocked it: He frad a bump on his head. bump-er ['bampot) noun a bat at the front and back ofthe car to protect it irom knocks bumpy /'bampt} adjective rough; not smooth: & bumpy road bun Joan) noun ‘a small round swost cake ; His pocket was bulging with theoo bunch /bsnijf noun several things.of the same kind fastened together: a bunch of flowers bun-dle /'bandl) noun ‘a number of things held together-so that you can carry them or. ut..them ‘somewhere: a bundle of clothes. bun-galow /'baggalaujnoun © ‘house thal isa onthe same level asthe ground bunk jbank) noun anatrow bed whichis fikéd'to ihe waifon a ship or train bunk bed /'binitbed) noun (plural bunk beds) rie of bio eds inal are pul one on top of another and used especially for children to'sleep in —see piclureal bed buoy jbsiJ noun aioating abject used to shaw ships where there are racks burden /!bs:dn/ natin something heavy thal you have to ‘carry: The donkey cartied its burden iup the mountain, burg-er /'bago"/ noun meat that has been cut into very smal pieces and then made into a round flat shape before being cooked bur-glar 'ba:glo"} noun 8 person who enters buildings, usually by force, 10 steal things COMPARE: robber, thief bur-glar-y ['bozglori)_ noun {plural burglaries) the crime of entering a building by force and stealing things burial /'beriolj noun the ceremony al which 2 dead person is ut into the ground burnt /bs:nj verb (past burned /bs:ndj or burnt /ba:nt/) 4 to be on fire: The house is burning — hela! 2 lo damage or destroy something with fire: We burnt the old furniture. 3 lohurl yourseli ora part al your body with something very hot: /’ve burnt my fingers. 4 burn down (used about a building) to be destrayed completely by fire: The cinema burnt down last year. business burn? noun “wound or merk on your bly caused by fire or by touching something very hat| a burn on his arm | burnt jossnty es phe | the Past TENSE and'PasT PARTICLE of Ml ~ verb burn bur-rew }'barsuj notin a hole in the ground maitle’as a hom by some small'animals; e.g; rabbits burst first) verb (pas! burst) 7 to break apart because of too ‘much Pressure inside: The bag wil burst if you put any more things in-t | 210 make"-something ‘bfeak apart: by ltling too’ muich pressure inside it Doh putany more air in the tyre.or you'irbur “it (make it explode). © | 3 burst into tears to start crying suddenly 4 burst out laughing to start laughing loudly and suddenly bur-y /'ber}. verb: (present: pariicia burying, past buried) 1 to-put¢ dead body ino the ground} '2 10 put or hide something inthe grou The dog buried the bone... | bus /bas} noun (plural buses) I ~~ large vehicle thal akes people rom che place to another: Let's gointa town by bus. — see picture on page:266 bus driver /'bis juraiva") noun a person whose job.s diving buses bush /buf/ noun asmall ee bus: "bizili] adverb done with greal activily and interest: busily planning the wedding | busi-ness /'biznis) noun . I 1 (plural businesses) a compar 1 iat provielas a service or sells things to earn money: He has a furniture .business |in town, 3. 2 (no plural) making, buying, and'selling things: Business is good this year (= We are earning’a lot’ol money), [> 3 mind your own business arude why ‘of telling someone thal you are not golig lo answer their questions about a particular Who are you going to the patty ‘Mind your own business," + | 1|4 none of your business a rude way of {eling someone that samathing is not their iconcem: it’s none of your business how Ishe spends her money. busi-ness-man /'brzmsman) noun (plural businessmen /-man/) la man who works in business, especially lone who owns a company or helps torunil busi-ness-wom-an }‘brzorswuman] Inoun {plural businesswomen [-wiminj) ja woman, who works in business, lespecially one who owns a company or lhelps to run it Buss stop /'bas stop} noun ja place where busas stop for people to gat loff and on — see piclure on page. 266 bus-y /'biz1/ adjective (busier, busiest) I working; not free; having a lol to do: He is ousy now. He's busy writing letters, 2 full of activity: busy day, a busy street but joat: strong batf ‘ la word you use when you are saying that lalthough one thing is.true, another thing Iwhich is apposite toitis also true: They are |poor, but happy. 7 fke locome but leant butelver /'buifa") noun 11 a person who sells meal. 12 butcher'sa shop that sells meat — see picture on page 189 butter /*baia") noun (no plural) \yellow fat made fram mik: bread/and! butter but-ter-fly'bstoflay/ noun’ (plural lbuttertties) jan insect that has defcate wings with bright Icolours on them P comPane: math but-ton /bstnj noun Ha small round object that you push lihrough a hole to fasten clothes: Do your buttons up; i's, cold. — see’ picture at fastener |2 a round object that yolr push to start or Islop a machine but-ton-hole /!bstnhoul) noun ithe hole that a button goes through bury /ba:/ verb.(past bought fbaxtf) to get something by paying monay for it |. bought a new radio. ® coMpane: sell btezz Jbaz/ verb Ht tomake alow steady noise ike the sound la bee makes 2 buzz off a rude way of telling someone © to go away: Buzz offand leave me atone! by! foai/ preposition 11 near; beside: He was standing by the window. 2 past: He walked by me withoul saying helo, used to show who or: what does something: The house was damaged by fire. a story by a famous writer 4 used to show how something is done: { earned. some. money .by. delivering newspapers, § no lator han: Please do it by lomorrow. 6 used lo show whal vehicle, etc. you travel on: Are you going by ear or by train? by? adverb past: { sat and watched people go by. Many cars drove by, bye jb): a word you say when you leave someone or when they leave you bye-bye j,ba: ‘bay another, ward for byecab /kzeb/ noun 1 the part of a lorry where the driver sits 2a car with:a.criver. who will fake you «somewhere if you pay D> SAME MEANING: taxi cabbage /'kaebids) noun alarge round vegetable with thick green leaves ab-in j'kabinf noun 1.2 room ona ship or plane. 2a small wooden house cabinet /'kebinat{ noun 1a piece of furniture with shelves. or drawers: 'a medicine cabinet 2 the*small group -of people in a government whe have the most power cable /'kerbl) noun 11a thick rope, usually made of metal 2 wires thal carty electricity or telephone calls ; eac-tus | *kzektas/ noun (plural cacti /'keektai] or cactuses) a plant with sharp prickles and a thick stem that grows in hot dry places cafe |!kefer/ noun @ place where you can buy drinks and simple.meals > compare: restaurant eage fkerds) noun a box with metal bars in which birds or animals can be kept cake /kerk) noun o> ake: a: sweet cooked: food made of tlaur, fat, and egas: 10 LE bake a cake exe cal-culate ED] P'kaetkjulenty- verb (present. participle: calculating, ‘past calculated) louse numbers tofind the answer toa sum: Have you calculated the cost. of the Journey? cabeutation / ketku'lr Ufa noun the resull of using numbers to find the answer to a sum came! cakcula-tor /!kxlkjulentst{ noun a small machine that you can use to a¢ sublract, elc, cabken-dar /'iclandat) noun | alist of the days, weeks, and manths oft year eallf /kasf} noun (plural ealves fka:v2)) 1a young cow 2 the part of your lag between your ken and your ankle — see picture on page 1 alll fko:if verb 1 to give someone a name: They call their baby John. 2 to shout:-to call for hao 3 call on Io visit someone: He called me last Tuesday. 4 to telephone someone: {called my sist today. § loask someone to come lo you: Mathe called the doctor. call? noun : 4.a shoul: @ call for help 2.a visil: 2 call from the doctor. | 3 an.acl of talking lo someone. on tHe telephone: There's a call for you, Mr Brown, [ call box /'::iboks| nouh (olvaleal boxes) @ public telephone box FB] 1e Be & a alm jkorm/ adjective Quiet; peaceful: The sea was calm afar storm. He was calm when | told him tf bad news. calmly |"kazm| adverb He sit down calmly. ol Bean calves jka:vz/ the plutal-of calf camcorder cam-cor.der “'] keemikoxda"] noun’ machine that you use fo take IDE films came jkcum) the PAST TENSE of the verb come sanvel /'kzeml) noun’ : alarge animal with one or two HUMPS 01 its back, used to carry things and peor in deserts — see-picture on page 300camera ee ee Inoun sven a machine for laking photographs camp! fksemp) noun 7} la place with tents lor huls where people live for'a short time camp? verb “ to live in a tenit for a short tiie campaign jim! pein] foun 1 a planned set of batlles and movernents of soldiers in a war... 2 a solo planned activites done to gel a result: 2 campaign lo siop people smoking camping /'kampin[ noun (ro plural) living in a tent for @ short time, especially ‘when youare on holiday: The children liked camping. camp:site |ikampsatt] noun large field where people can slay in tents to have a holiday Gam-pus _|*kempos) “noun (plural campuses) the land belonging toa university, college, ‘or schoo! Gant fkan; strong keen] verb to, know how to; be able to: “Can she swim?” “No she can’t (= canna)" She cannot (= can nol) swim. gan? /kzen} noun a container made of metal: Have’ ‘we gol any cans of soup? canned food DP compare’ box — see picture al container Ganal fis'nzlj noun. * | a man-made river used for taking goods from one town to anather Gavnar-y /ko'neari/ noun (plural canaries) a small yeliow bird wih a sweel song can-cel /!kenslf verb (present participle cancelling, past cancelled) to stop some planned event: We had to cancel the match, because so’ many people were il, Gan-cer /'kenso") noun. a serious illness in which a growth spreads in the body. ean-di-date /*kendidatj noun A 4 a person who'hopes to be picked for a. job ot position 2.a person who takes an examination ean-dle |!kendl) noun a long piece of wax with a string in the middie which burns to give light ane! {ket} noun a hollaw stick from some plants like sugar ane verb (present particle caning, past caned) ta hil someone with a'stick. ° ear-non }) keno) noun alarge gun can-not /'kenat, *kzenot) can nat: | cannot undersiand why she is so angry. canoe jka' nz] moun a narrow, light boat for ‘one’ or: two people can't fkoznt) : can not: I'm sorry? can't come lo your house‘ tomorrow: ean-teen seen‘) naun “arplace where peoplein a lactory, school; oF office can eat meals Canvas /'kéeavas) noun (no plural) strong cloth used to make tenis bags, ele ap fkepf noun 1a soll hat 2'2 covering lor the end of a bottle or tube capa: -ble |*kerpabi} adjective . 1 good atsorielhing: She'sa very capable student. °2 capable of able to do something: knew he wasn’! capable of murder. OPPOSITE: incapable carpaciity,jko'peesoty/ noun 1 the amount that something can contain: °“That bow! has @ capacily of two pints: ~2an ability to do something: Paul has great. capacity for working hard. cape [keip| noun @ loose piece of clothing thal yau wap around. your “shoulders~and~arms > compas: cloak “ capital !ksepiul) noun 2 “7 the chief city-of a country, were the government is2 (also capital letter) a large letter hat you use at the beginning of a sentence:.A,.D, Pare capital letiers;a, 0, pare smallletiers. cap-tain /'keptin{ noun 4, the person whe controlsa ship or aircraft 2 an officer in the army or the navy 3 the leader of a team or group... captive /'kepuvy) noun a prisoner cap-tivdty ficep!avat) noun (no pra ‘being @ prisoner: They were in captivity for a week. Cap-tiire /'ka:p1fo"/ verb (present participle capturing; past captured). to-take someone as a prisoner: They baptured four enemy soldiers, ear /kait}- noun aivehicle on whéels-that is driven by an ‘engine and that people can travel in —see picture on page 266 Caravan |'kervann) nour: alittle house on wheels thal can be pulled byacar : card /ka:dj noun 1 a piece of si thick paper with a picture on the front and.a message inside: a birthday card, a Chrisimas card’ 2.asmall piece of siif paper wilh pictures and numbers used for various games I's my turn to deal the cards. card-board /'ka:dbo:d) noun (no piural) slif thick’ paper used for making boxes, | book covers, ete. ear-di-gan /'ka:diganj noun “ a piece of clothing like a JuMPER which opens with buttons dawn, the. front are’ jkea"] verb (present paniciple caring, past cared) 110 feel interest or worry: Does she care “about her work? !don'tcare what you do! 2 care for sameone to. look. alter Someone: Her son cared for him when he “was il 3 care for. something to like’ or Want something: Would you care lor a ciip of tea, Mrs Brown? care? foun . 1 (nt plural) thé‘ act ot tookitig atiet a person or thing; a high Standard of medical care, Take care of your brother while !am alway. | carry r 2 take care to be careful: When you are crossing the road, take care! | 3 something thal makes you sad: He was worried by.all the-cares of the family.) career fka'riai{ noun a‘number of jobs oné alter'anothe which you move on io a more iinpartant as you get older and learn more: @ care in banking Careful /'kesi/ adjective | thinking seriously as yois do somthing [so that you do not makea mistake: Be car wath that hot pani carefully ['keafly ack She carried the bow! of water carefully, careless /*kealis| adjective nol thinking seriously about what you do: Careless driving causes, accidents. carelessly |'kealishy adverb €ar-go }'kaigéu/ notin (plural cargoes! something carried on a ship or ina pla a cargo of oi! | ear-ol /'kceralj noun a Christmas song ear park ftka: park} noun ~ building ora piegs of land where cars be parked — see piclure on page 2 carpenter /'ka:panta!] noun... «| @ person. who makes:things oul, of w. as a job carpentry /"ko:poniri{ nour (fo plu the art of making things ot of wood Carpet /!ka:pit/ noun a covering for floors and stairs, usualy ‘made ol wool — see picture on page 1 t veel carriage [ikcerid3/noun | 1 one ol the paris afa train, in which peo sit 2.a vehicle pulled by horses instead of motor : carrber bag [kei beg) noun a bag made-of plastic of paper, used I carrying things thal your have bought in shop — see picture al bag carrot /'kerat/ noun @ long orange root: that is eaten as vegelable — see piciure at vegetabit carry j'ker) verb (present participle < earrying, past carried) . | i oF — i